Grammatical Sūtra: उपमानं शब्दार्थप्रकृतावेव upamānaṃ śabdārthaprakṛtāveva
Individual Word Components: upamānam śabdārthaprakṛtau eva Sūtra with anuvṛtti words: upamānam śabdārthaprakṛtau eva pūrvapadam (6.2.1 ), ādiḥ (6.2.64 ), udāttaḥ (6.2.64 ), ṇini (6.2.79 ) Type of Rule: niyamaPreceding adhikāra rule: 6.2.64 (1ādir udāttaḥ)
Description:
When the first member of a compound expresses that with which resemblance is denoted, then it has acute on the first syllable, before a word formed by ((ṇini)) affix, only then, when such latter word is a radical without any preposition, and means 'giving out a definite sound like so and so'. Source: Aṣṭādhyāyī 2.0
[The initial syllable 64 of a first member of a compound 1] serving as an object of comparison (upa-mā-na-m) [bears the udātta accent 64 when co-occurring before 1.1.66 a nominal stem 4.1.1 ending in 1.1.72 the affix 3.1.1 Ṇíni̱ 79] and solely (evá) denoting sound by itself (śabd-ā-rthá-pra-kr̥-t-au: without the aid of preverbs). Source: From Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini In Roman Transliteration translated by Sumitra M. Katre, Copyright © 1987. Courtesy of the University of Texas Press.
Mahābhāṣya: With kind permission: Dr. George Cardona 1/22:upamānam iti kimartham | 2/22:śabdārthaprakṛtau eva iti iyati ucyamāne pūrveṇa atiprasaktam iti kṛtvā niyamaḥ ayam vijñāyeta |3/22:tatra kaḥ doṣaḥ | 4/22:iha na syāt | 5/22:puṣphārī phalahārī | See More
1/22:upamānam iti kimartham | 2/22:śabdārthaprakṛtau eva iti iyati ucyamāne pūrveṇa atiprasaktam iti kṛtvā niyamaḥ ayam vijñāyeta | 3/22:tatra kaḥ doṣaḥ | 4/22:iha na syāt | 5/22:puṣphārī phalahārī | 6/22:upamānagrahaṇe punaḥ kriyamāṇe na doṣaḥ bhavati | 7/22:atha śabdārthagrahaṇam kimartham | 8/22:upamānam prakṛtau eva iti iyati ucyamāne iha api prasajyeta | 9/22:vṛkavañcī vṛkaprekṣī | 10/22:śabdāṛthagrahaṇe punaḥ kriyamāṇe na doṣaḥ bhavati | 11/22:atha prakṛtigrahaṇam kimartham | 12/22:śabdārthaprakṛtiḥ eva yaḥ nityam tatra yathā syāt | 13/22:iha mā bhūt | 14/22:kokilabhivyāhārī | 15/22:atha evakāraḥ kimarthaḥ | 16/22:niyamārthaḥ | 17/22:na etat asti prayojanam | 18/22:siddhe vidhiḥ ārabhyamāṇaḥ antareṇa evakāram niyamāṛthaḥ bhaviṣyati | 19/22:iṣṭataḥ avadhāraṇārthaḥ tarhi | 20/22:yathā evam vijñāyete : upamānam śabdārthaprakṛtau eva iti | 21/22:mā evam vijñāyīta : upamānam eva śabdārthaprakṛtau iti | 22/22:śabdārthaprakṛtau hi upamānam ca anupamānam ca ādyudāttam iṣyate : sādhvadhyāī vilambādhyāyī |
Collapse Kielhorn/Abhyankar (III,131.16-25) Rohatak (IV,561-562)
Commentaries:
Kāśikāvṛttī1 : upamānavāci pūrvapadaṃ śabdārthaṃprakṛtau eva ṇinante uttarapade ādyudāt ta ṃ bh av See More
upamānavāci pūrvapadaṃ śabdārthaṃprakṛtau eva ṇinante uttarapade ādyudāttaṃ bhavati.
upamānaṃ niyamyate. uṣṭrakrośī. dhvāṅkṣarāvī. kharanādī. upamānagrahanam asya pūrvasa
ca yogasya viṣayavibhāgārtham. śabdārthaprakṛtau iti kim? vṛkavañcī. vṛkaprekṣī.
prakṛtigrahaṇaṃ kim? prakṛtireva yatra upasarganirapekṣā śabdārthā bhavati tatra eva yathā
syād, iha mā bhūd gardabhoccārī, kokilābhivyāhārī iti. evakārakaraṇam
upamānāvadhāraṇārtham. śabdārtham. śabdārthaprakṛtau tvanupamānamupamānaṃ ca ādyudāttaṃ
bhavati. siṃhavinardī. puṣkalajalpī.
Kāśikāvṛttī2 : upamanaṃ śabdārthaprakṛtāveva 6.2.80 upamānavāci pūrvapadaṃ śabdārthaṃp ra kṛ ta u See More
upamanaṃ śabdārthaprakṛtāveva 6.2.80 upamānavāci pūrvapadaṃ śabdārthaṃprakṛtau eva ṇinante uttarapade ādyudāttaṃ bhavati. upamānaṃ niyamyate. uṣṭrakrośī. dhvāṅkṣarāvī. kharanādī. upamānagrahanam asya pūrvasa ca yogasya viṣayavibhāgārtham. śabdārthaprakṛtau iti kim? vṛkavañcī. vṛkaprekṣī. prakṛtigrahaṇaṃ kim? prakṛtireva yatra upasarganirapekṣā śabdārthā bhavati tatra eva yathā syād, iha mā bhūd gardabhoccārī, kokilābhivyāhārī iti. evakārakaraṇam upamānāvadhāraṇārtham. śabdārtham. śabdārthaprakṛtau tvanupamānamupamānaṃ ca ādyudāttaṃ bhavati. siṃhavinardī. puṣkalajalpī.
Nyāsa2 : upamānaṃ śabdārthaprakṛtāveva. , 6.2.80 "śabdārthaprakṛtau" it i. ś ab dā See More
upamānaṃ śabdārthaprakṛtāveva. , 6.2.80 "śabdārthaprakṛtau" iti. śabdārthaḥ prakṛtiryasminniti bahuvrīhiḥ. "upamānaṃ niyamyate" ti. yata evakārastato'nyatrāvadhāraṇaṃ bhavati. iha ca śabdārthaprakṛterevakāraḥ, tasmādupamānaniyamo bhavati, atastanniyamyate. "uṣṭrakośī" iti. "kruśa āhvāne" (dhā.pā.856) [āhvāne rodane ca--dhā.pā.] ityasmāt? "katrtaryupamāne" 3.2.79 iti ṇiniḥ. ṇininaiva sādṛśyasyoktatvādvṛttāvivaśabdo na prayujyate. "dhvāṅkṣarāvī" iti. "ru śabde" (dhā.pā.1034) pūrvalakṣaṇāṇṇiniḥ. "kharanādī" iti. "ṇada avyakte śabde" (dhā.pā.54).
"upamānagrahaṇam()" ityādi. yadyupamānagrahaṇaṃ na kriyate, tadā pūrvasya yogasyāsya ca viṣayavibhāgo na jñāyeta. yadi yogavibhāgakaraṇasāmathryādviṣayāntaramya kalpyeta, tathāpīṣṭo viṣayavibhāgo na jñāyeta. upamānagrahaṇe tu sati pūrvasya sāmānyaṃ viṣayaḥ, asya tu viśeṣa upamānamiti viṣayavibhāgo niścīyeta. tena viṣayavibhāgārthamupamānagrahaṇam().
"vṛkavañcī" iti. "vañcu pralambhane" (dhā.pā.1703). "vṛkaprekṣī" iti. "īkṣa darśane" (dhā.pā.610) prapūrvaḥ. atra kṛtsvara eva bhavati. "prakṛtireva" ityādi. yadi prakṛtigrahaṇaṃ na kriyeta, tadā śabdārthāt? paro yo ṇinistadanta uttarapada ityevaṃ vijñāyeta? tataśca gardabhoccārī kokilābhivyāhārītyasyāpi syāt(); bhavati hratrāpi dhātūpasargasamudāyācchabdārthāt? paro ṇiniḥ, atastadantamutatarapadam(). tasmādiha mā bhūditi prakṛtigrahaṇaṃ kriyate, teneha na bhavati. prakṛtigrahaṇe sati yatropasarganirapekṣā gatyarthatvāt(), harateśca haraṇārthatvāt(). yadvā--yo'tra śabdārtho dhātūpasargasamudāyaḥ, na tasmāṇṇinervidhānam().
yadi pūrveṇaiva siddhe niyamārthaṃ vacanam(), evaṃ siddhe vidhirārabhyamāṇo niyamāya bhavatītyanarthakamevakārakaraṇam()? ityāha--"evakārakaraṇam()" ityādi. asati hrevakāra upamāna eva śabdārthaprakṛtāvityevamavadhāraṇaṃ syāt(), tataśca śabdārthaprakṛtireva niyamyeta--śabdārthaprakṛtau yadi bhavatyupamāna eva bhavati, nānupamāna iti. tataścānupamāne na syāt(). tasmādupamānāvadhāraṇaṃ yathā syādityevamarthamevakāraḥ kriyate. kiṃ kāraṇam()? ityāha--"śabdārthaprakṛtau tu" ityādi. tuśabdo hetau. tasmāt? śabdārthaprakṛtāvupamānamanupamānaṃ cādyudāttaṃ bhavati. tasmādupamānāvadhāraṇārthamevakārakaraṇam(). upamānaniyame hi sati śabdārthaprakṛteraniyatatvāt? tatrāviśeṣeṇa sarvasyādyudāttatvaṃ labhyate. "siṃhavinardī" iti. upamānasyodāhaṇam(). "puṣkalajalpī" iti. anupamānasya. puṣkalajalpītyatra "vratte" 3.2.80 "bahulamābhīkṣṇye" 3.2.81 iti vā ṇiniḥ॥
1.Source: Arsha Vidya Gurukulam 2.Source: Sanskrit Documents
Research Papers and Publications