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|  | | ā | (see ā-jaras/am-, ā-vyuṣ/am-, ā-saptama-, otsūy/am-.) Prefixed to adjective (cf. mfn.) ([rarely to substantive; see ā-kopa-]) it implies diminution  commentator or commentary "a little" exempli gratia, 'for example' ā-piñjara- mfn. a little red, reddish  | | | abdā | f. See abday/ā- below. | | | abhigopāya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to guard, protect, | | | abhikhyā | (subjunctive 1. 2. 3. sg. -khyam-, -khyas-and -khy/as-, -khy/at-; imperfect tense 3. sg. abhy- /akhyat-; ind.p. -khy/āya-) to see, view, perceive ; to cast a kind or gracious look upon any one, to be gracious ; (imperfect tense 3. plural abh/i /akhyan-) : Causal -khyāpayati-, to make known | | | abhisamāyam | -y/acchati-, to fasten to (accusative) | | | abhivānyā | ([ ]) f. cow who suckles an adopted calf (see also ni-vāny/ā-,etc.) | | | abhivānyavatsā | ([ ]) ([ ]) f. cow who suckles an adopted calf (see also ni-vāny/ā-,etc.) | | | abhriya | mfn. (once abhriy/a- ) belonging to or produced from clouds | | | abhyaghāya | Nom. P. -aghāy/ati-, to intend to injure | | | abhyatiric | Passive voice -/ati-ric-yate-, or -ati-ricy/ate- (subjunctive abhy-/ati-r/icyātai-; Potential -/ati-ricyeta-) Ved. to remain for the sake of (accusative) | | | abhyāyam | P. (3. plural -yacchanti-) to lengthen (as a syllable in speaking) ; to draw or pull (as the udder in sucking) : A1. (Imper. 2. sg. -yacchasva-) to assume ("to grant"commentator or commentary) : P. (subjunctive 3. plural -yaman-; ind.p. -y/atya-) to aim at ; for abhy-ā-gam-, | | | ācāryavat | (ācāry/a--) mfn. one who has a teacher | | | acchāvañc | Passive voice -vacy/ate-, to extend itself towards, to go towards | | | adaṇḍanīya | mfn. equals a-daṇḍy/a- | | | adhikṣi | (3. du. -kṣit/aḥ-;3. plural -kṣiy/anti-) to be settled in or over, be extended over or along (accusative or locative case) ; to rest upon | | | adhvarīya | Nom. P. (2. sg. rīy/asi-; parasmE-pada riy/at-) to perform an adhvara- | | | adhvarya | Nom. P. (parasmE-pada ry/at-) to be engaged in an adhvara- | | | ādityadevata | (ādity/a--) mfn. one whose (special) deity is the sun | | | ādityadhāman | (ty/a-), mfn. having a place among the āditya-s, | | | ādityajūta | (ādity/a--), (fr. jū-) mfn. urged by the āditya-s | | | ādityajyotis | (ādity/a--) mfn. having the light of the sun | | | ādityavat | (ādity/a--) mfn. surrounded by the āditya-s | | | ādo | P. -d/āti-, -dy/ati- (subjunctive 1. plural /ā-dyāmasi-,etc.) to reduce to small pieces, to crush | | | adya | ind. (Ved. ady/ā-) (fr. pronominal base a-,this, with dya-for dyu- q.v, Latin ho-die), to-day | | | āgara | m. ? equals prati-kroś/a- q.v (see also amā-vāsy/a-.) | | | aghāya | Nom. P. aghāy/ati- (participle y/at-), to intend to injure, to threaten | | | ahī | m. (only genitive case sg. Nominal verb and accusative plural ahy/as-; genitive case plural ah/īnām-) a snake | | | ahnya | n. daily course (of the sun) (see rathāhny/a-) | | | aikṣava | mf(ī-)n. and aikṣavy/a- (fr. ikṣu-), made of or produced from the sugar-cane | | | ākhyā | P. (imperfect tense -akhyat-) to behold ; (future parasmE-pada -khyāsy/at-; perf. 3. plural -cakhyuḥ-) to tell, communicate, inform, declare, announce etc. ; to call (with two accusative) : Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be named or enumerated ; to be called : Causal P. (2. sg. -khyāpayasi-) to make known, declare : A1. (Potential -khyāpayeta-) to cause to tell | | | ākram | P. A1. (parasmE-pada P. -krāmat- ; parasmE-pada A1. ā-kr/amamāṇa- ; Aorist ā-akramīt- ; perf. p. A1. -cakramāṇ/a- ; ind.p. -kr/amya- etc.) to step or go near to, come towards, approach, visit etc. ; to step or tread upon (accusative [ etc.] or locative case [ ]) ; (ind.p. -kramya-) to hold fast with the hands, seize ; to attack, invade (Inf. -kramitum-) ; (in astronomy) to eclipse ; to undertake, begin (with infinitive mood) : A1. -kramate- (; future parasmE-pada -kraṃsy/amāna-) to rise, mount, ascend etc.: Causal -kramayati-, to cause to come or step near ; to cause any one (instrumental case) to enter into (accusative) : Desiderative -cikraṃsate-, to wish to ascend | | | ākraya | and ā-kray/ā- See ā-krī-. | | | ākṣi | cl.2. -kṣeti- (3. plural -kṣiy/anti-and imperfect tense /ākṣiyan-; Potential 1. plural -kṣiyema-) to abide, dwell in (accusative), inhabit ; -kṣeti-, to possess, take possession of (accusative) : cl.6. -kṣiy/ati-, to exist | | | akṣṇayākṛta | (akṣṇay/ā--) mfn. done wrongly | | | alokyatā | (aloky/a--) f. loss of the other world | | | amā | (ā-) f. equals amā-vāsy/ā- q.v commentator or commentary on (in a verse quoted from vyāsa-) commentator or commentary on | | | amānta | m. the end, of the amā- (-vāsy/ā-) night | | | amāvasī | f. equals vāsy/ā- q.v | | | amāvāsī | f. equals -vāsy/ā- q.v (only locative case syām-,which might be a metrical abbreviation for syāyām-). | | | amāvasyā | f. equals -vāsy/ā- q.v | | | amāvāsya | mfn. born in an amā-vāsy/ā- night (see āmāvāsy/a-) | | | amāvāsyaka | mfn. (equals -vāsya-) born in an amā-vāsy/ā- night | | | amitraya | Nom. P. (parasmE-pada y/at-) to have hostile intentions | | | amitrāya | Nom. P. parasmE-pada y/at- equals amitray/at- above (see ) : A1. yate-, to have hostile intentions | | | amocana | etc. See a-moky/a-. | | | anabhiśasta | ([ ]) or /an-abhiśasti- ([ ]) or an-abhiśasteny/a- ([ ]) or /an-abhiśastya- ([ ]), mfn. blameless, faultless. | | | anatidṛśrina | mfn. = (or wrong reading for) an-- atidṛśy/a-, | | | anavadānīya | (or nīy/a-), f. not fit for distribution, | | | anavadyarūpa | (anavady/a--) mf(ā-)n. of faultless form or beauty | | | anāvayas | mfn. (see āvay/a-and /a-pravīta-), not having the power of causing conception | | | añc | See akudhryāñc-, /avāñc-, udañc-, devadry/añc-, etc. | | | aṅkh | cl.10 P. (parasmE-pada aṅkhay/at-), to stir up, mix | | | antaḥpārśva | (/antaḥ--) = antaḥ-- pārśvy/a-, | | | antaruṣya | m. see daśāntaruṣy/a-. | | | anucar | to walk or move after or along ; to follow, pursue, seek after ; to follow out, adhere to, attend ; to behave: Caus. -cārayati-, to let or cause to traverse: Intensive p. -carcūry/amāṇa-, continuing following | | | anudita | mfn. unutterable, blamable (see a-vady/a-) (See 1. /an-udita- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order an-udaya-). | | | anupā | to drink after or there upon, follow in drinking, drink at ; Caus. (Potential -pāy/ayet-) to cause to drink afterwards | | | anupradhāv | to rush after : Caus. (perf. -dhāvay/āṃ cakāra-) to drive after | | | anuṣyand | ( syand-), Ved. infinitive mood -ṣy/ade- ([ ]) and Causal -syanday/adhyai- ([ ]) , to run along: -syandate- and -ṣyandate- with a differentiation in meaning like that in abhi-ṣyand- q.v | | | anutap | to heat ; to vex, annoy : Passive voice -tapy/ate- (rarely -tapyati-[ ]) , to suffer afterwards, repent ; to desiderate, miss: Causal -tāpayati-, to distress. | | | anuvāc | f. equals anu-vāky/ā- | | | anuvap | P. to scatter over ; A1. to scatter as dust : Passive voice /anu upy/ate-, to be scattered as dust | | | anuyam | (3. plural -yacchanti-;Imper. -yacchatu-; parasmE-pada fem. -y/acchamānā-) to direct, guide, give a direction to ; (perf. 3. plural -yemuḥ- A1.3. dual number -yem/āte-) to follow | | | anyaja | (any/a--) ([ ]) mfn. born of another (family, etc.), of a different origin. | | | anyajāta | (any/a--) ([ ]) mfn. born of another (family, etc.), of a different origin. | | | anyakṛta | (any/a--) mfn. done by another | | | anyanābhi | (any/a--) mfn. of another family | | | anyataḥsitibāhu | (any/ataḥ--), mfn. having the forefeet white only on one side, | | | anyataḥsitirandhra | (any/ataḥ--), mfn. having the ear-cavities white only on one side, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding | | | anyatas | etc. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. any/a-. | | | anyatomukha | (any/ato--), mfn. hiving a face only on one side, | | | anyatomukha | (any/ato--), mfn. hiving a face only on one side, | | | anyatra | ind. (equals anyasmin- locative case of 2. any/a-), elsewhere, in another place (with ablative) | | | anyatramanas | (any/atra--) mfn. having the mind directed to something else, inattentive | | | anyavarṇa | (any/a--) mf(ā-)n. having another colour. | | | anyavrata | (any/a--) m. devoted to others, infidel | | | apajayya | mfn. See an-apajayy/am-. | | | apapre | ( i-), (3. pl. -pra-y/anti-,or -pr/a-yanti-;Opt. -pr/eyāt-) to go away, withdraw | | | apasya | Nom. P. (subjunctive sy/āt-) to be active | | | apasyā | f. activity (see sv-apasy/ā-,for 2. apasy/ā-See 2. apasy/a-below.) | | | apivānyavatsā | ([ ]) f. cow who suckles an adopted calf (see also ni-vāny/ā-,etc.) | | | apīvya | mfn. See apīcy/a-. | | | apoddhārya | See an-apoddhāry/a-. | | | āprī | f. plural (-pr/iyas-[ ] and -pryas-[ nārāyaṇa-]) Name of particular invocations spoken previous to the offering of oblations (according to they are different in different schools; exempli gratia, 'for example' s/amiddho agn/ir- ,in the school of śunaka-; juṣ/asva naḥ- ,in that of vasiṣṭha-; s/amiddho ady/a- ,in that of others; nārāyaṇa- on this passage gives ten hymns belonging to different schools;See also on [ s/usamiddho na /ā vaha-,the āprī--hymn of the school of kaṇva-] , who enumerates twelve āprī-s and explains that twelve deities are propitiated;those deities are personified objects belonging to the fire-sacrifice, viz. the fuel, the sacred grass, the enclosure, etc., all regarded as different forms of agni-;hence the objects are also called āprī-s, or, according to others, the objects are the real āprī-s, whence the hymns received their names) | | | āpruṣāya | Nom. P. /ā-pruṣāyati-, to besprinkle, bespeckle : A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural -pruṣāy/anta-) idem or '( pru-= plu-) A1. -pravate-, to spring up, jump up.' | | | apuvāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to get ill, become spoiled (see anvart-.) | | | apyaya | m. pouring out (of a river) , entering into, vanishing (the contrary of prabhava-or utpatti-) (see svāpyay/a-.) | | | arātiya | Nom. P. (subjunctive tsy/āt-) to be malevolent, have hostile intentions against (dative case) | | | arātīya | Nom. P. tīy/ati- (parasmE-pada tīy/at-[ ]; subjunctive tīy/āt-), Ved. idem or 'Nom. P. (subjunctive tsy/āt-) to be malevolent, have hostile intentions against (dative case) ' | | | arc | cl.1. P. /arcats- (subjunctive /arcāt- imperfect tense /ārcat-; Aorist ārcīt- , perf. ānarca-3. plural ānarcuḥ-[ ] , but Vedic or Veda ānṛc/uḥ-[ ]; perf. A1.(Passive voice) ānarce-[ ],but Vedic or Veda s/am ānṛce-[ ]; future parasmE-pada arciṣyat-[ ] . ind.p., arcya-[ etc.; see Scholiast or Commentator ]or arcitvā-[ ] , Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ṛc/ase-[ ]) to shine, brilliant ; to praise, sing (also used of the roaring of the marut-s, and of a bull[ ]) , to praise anything to another (dative case), recommend ; to honour or treat with respect etc. ; to adorn : exceptionally A1. (1. plural arcāmahe-) to honour : Causal (2. sg. arcayas-) to cause to shine P. A1. to honour or treat with respect etc.: Desiderative arciciṣati-, to wish to honour Ved. Passive voice ṛcyate- (parasmE-pada ṛcy/amāna-) to be praised | | | arya | mf(ā-)n. (= 1. ary/a-) kind, favourable | | | arya | m. (= 1. aiy/a-) "master, lord", a vaiśya- etc. | | | ārya | m. (fr. ary/a-, ṛ-), a respectable or honourable or faithful man, an inhabitant of āryāvarta- | | | aryapati | (ary/a--) mf(patnī-)n. (said of the dawns and of the waters) having kind or favourable lords (?) | | | aryapatnī | See -pati- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. ary/a-. | | | aś | aśn/āti- (Potential aśnīyāt-; parasmE-pada aśn/at-(See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. aśna-); Aorist subjunctive aśīt- ; future parasmE-pada aśiṣy/at- , perf. /āsa- ; perf. p. āśivas-See /an-āśvas- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /an-āsaka-; Pass.p. aśy/amāna- ) to eat, consume (with accusative [this only in classical Sanskrit] or genitive case) etc. ; to enjoy : Causal āśayati- (; Aorist āśiśat- ) to cause to eat, feed ; (with double accusative; see ) ; (see /āśita-): Desiderative /aśiśiṣāti- () to wish to eat : Intensive aśāśyate- | | | as | cl.2 P. /asti- (2. sg. /asi-,1. sg. /asmi-; plural sm/asi-or sm/as-, sth/a-, s/anti-;(rarely A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' 1.pl. smahe- ); subjunctive /asat-;Imper. astu-,2. sg. edhi-(fr. as-dhi- confer, compare ); Potential sy/āt-; imperfect tense /āsīt-,rarely ās-[only in ; confer, compare ]; perf. 1. and 3.sg, /āsa-,2. sg. /āsitha-,3. plural ās/uḥ-; parasmE-pada m. s/at- f. sat/ī-) to be, live, exist, be present ; to take place, happen ; to abide, dwell, stay ; to belong to (genitive case or dative case) ; to fall to the share of. happen to any one (genitive case) ; to be equal to (dative case) ; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative case) ; to become etc., (confer, compare ) ; to be (id est used as copula, but not only with adjective (cf. mfn.),but also with adverb [ exempli gratia, 'for example' tūṣṇīm āsīt- ],and often with participle,[ exempli gratia, 'for example' perf. Passive voice parasmE-pada prasthitāḥ sma- ; future past participle hantavyo 'smi- ; fut.p. especially with Potential,and only in y/adi dāsy/an-t-sy/āt-,"if he should intend to give"];the perfect tense āsa-helps to form the periphrastic perf. , and asmi-etc. the future); ([ confer, compare Greek Latin es-t; Gothic is-t; Lithuanian es-ti.]) | | | as | cl.4 P. /asyati- (parasmE-pada /asyat-; imperfect tense /āsyat-,A.V.[ see parās-and vy-as-]; future parasmE-pada asiṣy/at-; Aorist āsthat-[ ; see vy-as-]; perf. P. āsa-[ see parās-] A1. āse-[ see vy-as-]; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /astave- ) to throw, cast, shoot at (locative case dative case,or gen) etc. ; to drive or frighten away ; See also 1. ast/a- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order | | | ās | n. ās/ā- and āsay/ā- (generally used as an adverb), before one's eyes | | | asakau | mf. equals asau- (See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ad/as-), only used in connection with yak/aḥ- and yak/ā- (for y/aḥ-and y/ā-) (see ) | | | asaṃbhāvyam | ind. equals a-saṃbhavy/am- q.v | | | aśanāyāpipāse | (aśanāy/ā--) f. Nominal verb dual number hunger and thirst | | | asmadryak | ind. (dry/ak-) towards us | | | astam | ind. at home, home etc., especially used with verbs exempli gratia, 'for example' /astam-i- ([ /astam /eti-; pr. p. astaṃ-y/at- ; fut. p. astam-eṣy/at- ; perf. p. /astamita-See below sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]); /astaṃ-gam- ([ /astam g/acchati- etc.; perf. p. astaṃ-gata- etc., once in reversed order gata astaṃ- ]) or astaṃ-yā- ([ pr. p. -yāt- ]) to go down, set etc. | | | aṣṭi | f. (1. aś-), reaching (see jar/ad-aṣṭi-, vy/aṣṭi-, s/amaṣṭi-.) | | | aśūnyatā | f. (aśūny/a--) non-emptiness | | | asūrta | mfn. (said of r/ajas-),"unilluminated, enveloped in darkness" ([ ]) or"unvisited, unknown, remote" ([ ]) (see sūrta-and a-sūry/a-.) | | | asurya | n. the incorporeal, the collective body of spiritual beings ([ accentuates asury/a-in accordance with similar cases, as 2. samary/a-(3) n.compared with 1. samary/a-(4) mfn.]) | | | asūrya | mfn. (said of t/amas-) sunless [(varia lectio for I. asury/a-in )"demoniacal" , ;"inaccessible, unknown", (fr. sṛ- see a-s/ūrta-) ] | | | asuvargya | mfn. for a-svargy/a- q.v | | | asūya | Nom. P. yati-, rarely A1. yate- (pr. p. y/at- ; Aorist āsūyīt- ;3. plural asūyiṣuḥ- ) to murmur at, be displeased or discontented with (dative case [ ] or accusative [ etc.]) : Causal (ind.p. asūyayitvā-) to cause to be displeased, irritate () | | | āsyand | A1. -syandate- (parasmE-pada -sy/andamāna-), to stream or flow towards or near and | | | asyavāmīya | n. the hymn beginning with the words asy/a vām/asya- () | | | āt | ind. (ablative of 4. a-) afterwards, then (often used in a concluding paragraph antithetically to y/ad-, yadā-, y/adi-.and sometimes strengthened by the particles /aha-, /id-, īm-, u-) | | | ātañc | -tanakti- (;1. sg. -tanacmi- ; Potential -tañcy/āt- ; ind.p. -tācya- ) to cause coagulation (by casting one liquid into another). | | | ātaṅkya | mfn. See śṛtātaṅky/a-. | | | ātāra | and ā-tāry/a- See ā-tṝ-. | | | atigur | (Potential /ati jugury/āt-), to cry out, give a shriek | | | atinī | to lead over or beyond, to help a person over anything etc. ; to allow to pass away: Intensive A1. -nenīy/ate-, to bring forward | | | ātmavittā | f. equals ātma-vidy/ā- below | | | ātmeya | m. plural a class of divinities also called ātmy/a- (and named together with the āpya-) | | | autathya | m. a descendant of utathya-, Name of dīrghatamas- (see aucathy/a-above) . | | | avadhyatā | (avadhy/a--) f. inviolability | | | avadrai | (future p. -drāsy/at-) to fall asleep (see an-avadrāṇ/a-.) | | | avadyavat | (avady/a-.) mfn. disgraceful, lamentable | | | avakhyā | (Imper. 2. plural -khy/ata-; imperfect tense ava-khyat-) to look down ; (with accusative) to see, perceive : Causal -khyāpayati-, to cause to look at | | | avamṛśya | See an-vamṛlsy/a-. | | | avāryakratu | (avāry/a-.), (6) mfn. of irresistible power | | | avāśṛṅga | mfn. (fr. avaḥ--,cf. ayā-śay/a-) whose horns are turned downwards | | | avavye | (p. -vy/ayat-) to pull off (as clothes) | | | avayaj | P. A1. -y/ajati- (Imper. 2. sg. P. -yaja-and A1. -yakṣva-; Potential -yajeta-) Ved. to offer a sacrifice for satisfying the claims of, to get rid of or remove by means of a sacrifice | | | avayaj | Nominal verb -y/āḥ- (see ) f. share of the sacrificial oblation | | | avayāj | See 2. ava-y/aj-. | | | avicartya | See a-vicṛty/a-. | | | avicṛtya | ([ ]) or a-vicarty/a- ([ ]), mfn. not to be loosened. | | | avrātya | n. equals a-vraty/a- n. q.v | | | avyathiṣyai | Ved. infinitive mood () , for not trembling, for rendering sure-footed ; (a-vy/athiṣe-!) | | | ayaḥśaya | mf(/ā-)n. lying in iron (said of fire) (see ayā-śay/a-) | | | ayana | n. (with gen[ exempli gratia, 'for example' /angirasām-, ādity/ānam-, gavām-,etc.] or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') "course, circulation", Name of various periodical sacrificial rites etc. the sun's road north and south of the equator, the half year etc., the equinoctial and solstitial points etc. | | | ayās | (2, twice 3 [i.e. ai0/ās-] ) mfn. (fr. a + yas-?;See ay/āsya-), agile, dexterous, nimble | | | ayāsomīya | n. Name of some verses of the (so called from their beginning with the words ay/ā s/oma-). | | | ayāsya | mfn. (4) (= Windisch; see ay/ās-and ai0/ās-before) , agile, dexterous, valiant | | | bahupriya | mfn. dear to many (equals purupriy/a-) | | | bandh | cl.9 P. () badhn/āti- (rarely A1. badhnīt/e-; cl.1 P. A1. bandhati-, te- ; cl.4 P. badhyati- ; imperative badhāna- , bandhāna- , -badhnīhi- , bandha- ; perfect tense P. bab/andha-,3. plural bedh/us- , babandhus- ; A1. bedh/e-, dhir/e- , babandhe- grammar; future bhantsyati- etc., bandhiṣyati-, te- ; banddhā- grammar; Aorist abhāntsīt- grammar; preceding badhyāt- ; infinitive mood banddhum-,or bandhitum- , b/adhe- ind.p. baddhv/ā- , dhv/āya- , -badhya- ; -bandham- ), to bind, tie, fix, fasten, chain, fetter etc. ; to bind round, put on (;later also P."on one's self") etc. ; to catch, take or hold captive, met. = to attach to world or to sin ; to fix, direct, fasten, rivet (eyes, ears or mind) on (locative case or infinitive mood) ; to arrest, hold back, restrain, suppress, stop, shut, close ; to bind a sacrificial victim, offer, sacrifice (with dative case of the deity to whom it is presented) : ; to punish, chastise ; to join, unite, put together or produce anything in this way, exempli gratia, 'for example' fold (the hands), clench (the fist), knit or bend (the eyebrows), arrange, assume (a posture), set up (a limit), construct (a dam or a bridge), span, bridge over (a river), conceive or contract (friendship or enmity), compose, construct (a poem or verse) etc. ; to form or produce in any way, cause, effect, do, make, bear (fruit), strike (roots), take up (one's abode) ; to entertain, cherish, show, exhibit, betray (joy, resolution etc.) : Passive voice badhy/ate- (ti- ), to be bound etc. etc. ; (especially) to be bound by the fetters of existence or evil, sin again ; to be affected by id est experience, suffer (instrumental case) : Causal bandhayati- (Aorist ababandhat-), to cause to bind or catch or capture, imprison etc. ; to cause to be built or constructed ; to cause to be embanked or dammed up ; to bind together (also bādhayati-) : Desiderative bibhantsati- grammar : Intensive bābanddhi-, bābadhyate- [ confer, compare Zend band; Greek , ; Latin foedus,fides; Lit.be4ndras; Gothic Anglo-Saxon bindan; German binden; English bind.] | | | bhā | cl.2 P. () bh/āti- (pr. p. bhāt- f. bhāntī-or bhātī- ; Potential bhāyāt- ; plural babhau- etc.; Aorist abhāsīt- grammar ; future bhāsy/ati- etc.) , to shine, be bright or luminous etc. ; to shine forth, appear, show one's self ; to be splendid or beautiful or eminent etc. (with na-,to cut a poor figure ) ; to appear as, seem, look like, pass for (Nominal verb with or without iva- adverb in vat-) etc. ; to be, exist ; to show, exhibit, manifest (varia lectio): Passive voice bhāyate-, impers, radiance is put forth by (instrumental case) : Causal bhāpayate- ; Aorist abībhapat- grammar : Desiderative bibhāsati- : Intensive bābhāyate-, bābheti-, bābhāti- [ confer, compare bhan-, bhāṣ-, bhās-; Greek , ; Latin fa1rietc.; German Bann; English ban.] | | | bhaj | cl.1 P. A1. () bh/ajati-, te- (2. sg. as imperative bhakṣi- ; perfect tense P. babh/āja- A1. bhej/e- etc.;2. sg. babhaktha- ; bhejitha- ; Aorist P.2. 3. sg. abhāk- ; abhākṣīt-, kṣus- ; subjunctive bhakṣat- ; A1. /abhakṣi-, kta- etc.; preceding A1. bhakṣīy/a- ;3. sg. kṣīṣṭa- ; kṣīta- ; future bhakṣyati-, te- etc.; bhajiṣyati-, te- etc.; bhaktā- grammar; infinitive mood bhaktum- etc.; bhajitum- ; ind.p. bhaktvā- etc., tvāya- ; -bhajya-and -bh/ājam- ), to divide, distribute, allot or apportion to (dative case or genitive case), share with (instrumental case) etc. ; (A1.) to grant, bestow, furnish, supply ; A1. (rarely P.) to obtain as one's share, receive as (two accusative), partake of, enjoy (also carnally) , possess, have (accusative,Ved. also genitive case) ; (A1.,rarely P.) to turn or resort to, engage in, assume (as a form) , put on (garments) , experience, incur, undergo, feel, go or fall into (with accusative, especially of abstract noun exempli gratia, 'for example' bhītim-,to feel terror; nidrām-,to fall asleep; maunam-,to become silent) etc. ; to pursue, practise, cultivate ; to fall to the lot or share of (accusative) etc. ; to declare for, prefer, choose (exempli gratia, 'for example' as a servant) ; to serve, honour, revere, love, adore etc.: Causal bhāj/ayati-, te- (Aorist abībhajuḥ- , ababhājat- grammar), to divide ; to deal out, distribute ; to cause any one (accusative) to partake of or enjoy (accusative or genitive case) ; to put to flight, pursue, chase, drive into (accusative) ; to cook, dress (food) : Desiderative bibhakṣati-, te- (confer, compare bhikṣ-): Intensive bābhajyate-, bābhakti-, [ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fa1gus; Gothic Old S.bo1k; German Buch,Buchstabe; English buck-,beech.] | | | bhandanāya | (Nom.fr. prec.) , only pr. p. y/at-, to shout loudly, yell | | | bhañj | cl.7 P. () bhanakti- (perfect tense babh/añja- etc., 3. plural A1. babhañjire- ; Aorist abhāṅkṣīt- ; future bhaṅkṣyati-, ktā- ; ind.p. bhaṅktvā-, bhaktvā-or -bhajya- ), to break, shatter, split etc. ; to break into, make a breach in (a fortress, with accusative) ; to rout, put to flight, defeat (an army) ; to dissolve (an assembly) ; to break up id est divide (a sūtra-) ; to bend ; to check, arrest, suspend, frustrate, disappoint etc.: Passive voice bhajy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāji-or abhañji- ), to be broken or break (intr.) etc. etc. etc.: Causal bhañjayati- (Aorist ababhañjat-) grammar : Desiderative bibhaṅkṣati- : Intensive bambhajyate- or jīti- [Perhaps for originally bhrañj-; confer, compare bhraj-; Latin frangere,nau-fraga; German brechen; English break.] | | | bhāryā | f. (f. of bhāry/a-) a wife (or the female of an animal) | | | bhayastha | (bhay/a--), w. or n. (?) a perilous situation | | | bhī | cl.3 P. () bibh/eti- (dual number bibhītas-or bibhitas- Potential bibhīyāt-or bibhiyāt- ; Potential 3. plural bibhyeyuḥ- ; imperfect tense 3. plural abibhayuḥ- ; Epic also A1.1. sg. bibhye-and and P.3. sg. bibhyati- plural bibhyanti-;Ved. also cl.1 A1. bh/ayate-,and accord, to ,cl.10. P. bhāyayati-; perfect tense bibhāya-,3. plural bibhyuḥ- etc.; bībhāya- ; bibhay/āṃ cakara- confer, compare ; Aorist abhaiṣīt-, ṣma-, ṣuḥ- etc., 2. sg. bhaiṣīs- , bhais- etc., especially in mābhais-,"do not be afraid";once for plural equals mā bhaiṣṭa- ; bhes- ; bhema- , parasmE-pada A1. bhiyān/a- ,; future bhetā- grammar;cond, abheṣyat- ; infinitive mood bhiy/ase- ; bhetum- etc.) , to fear, be afraid of (ablative or genitive case,rarely instr, or accusative) etc. ; to fear for, be anxious about (ablative) : Passive voice bhīyate-, Aorist , abhāyi- grammar : Causal bhīṣ/ayate- ( etc.; confer, compare ), bhīṣayati- (;once mc. bhiṣ- ; parasmE-pada bhīṣayāṇa- ; Aorist bībhiṣaḥ- , ṣathāḥ- ), bhāyayati-, te- (; Potential bhāyayes- ; varia lectio bhīṣayes-; Aorist bībhayat-, /abībhayanta- ; ind.p. -bhāyya- ), bhāpayate- (), to terrify, put in a fright, intimidate etc. etc.: Desiderative bibhīṣati- grammar : Intensive bebhīyate-, bebhayīti-, bebheti- [ confer, compare bhyas-; Lithuanian bijo4tis; Slavonic or Slavonian bojati; German biben,beben.] | | | bhid | cl.7.P. A1. () bhin/atti-, bhintte- (imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /abhinat- ; subjunctive bhin/aadaḥ- ; imperative bindh/i- ; binddhi- [ confer, compare binddhi-lavaṇā-];cl.1. P. bh/edati- ; Potential bhideyam- ; perfect tense bibh/eda- ; Aorist , 2. 3. sg. bh/et- abhaitsīt- ; bhitthās- ; preceding bhitsīṣṭa- grammar; future bhetsy/ati-, te- etc.; Conditional abhetsyat- ; future bhettā- grammar; infinitive mood bh/ettav/ai- ; bhettum- etc.; ind.p. bhittv/ā-, -bhidya- etc.) , to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy etc.,; to pass through (as a planet or, comet) ; to disperse (darkness) ; to transgress, violate, (a compact or alliance) etc. ; to open, expand ; to loosen, disentangle, dissolve etc. ; to disturb, interrupt, stop ; to disclose, betray etc. ; to disunite, set at variance ; to distinguish, discriminate : Passive voice bhidy/ate- (Epic also ti- Aorist abhedi- etc.; perfect tense bibhide- ), to be split or broken, burst (intrans.) etc. ; to be opened (as a closed hand, eyes etc.) ; to overflow (as water) ; to be loosened, become loose ; to be stopped or interrupted ; to be disclosed or betrayed ; to be changed or altered (in mind), be won over ; to be disunited ; to keep aloof from (instrumental case) ; to be distinguished, differ from (ablative) etc.: Causal bhedayati-, te- (Aorist abībhidat-; confer, compare also bhidāpana-), to cause to split or break etc. ; to split, break, shatter, crush, destroy ; to separate, divide (See bhedita-) ; to disunite, set at variance, perplex, unsettle (in opinion), seduce, win over : Desiderative b/ibhitsati-, te-, to wish to break through or disperse or defeat (confer, compare, bibhitsā-): Desiderative of Causal See bibhedayiṣu-: Intensive bebhidīti- or bebhetti-, to cleave repeatedly [ confer, compare Latin findo; German beissen; English bite.] | | | bhiṣajya | Nom. P. jy/ati- (gaRa kaṇḍv-ādi-) to heal, cure, possess healing power etc. ; to be physician to any one (dative case) ; to be a physician or remedy for id est to gain the mastery over anything (locative case) | | | bhiyas | m. fear, apprehension (only accusative and instrumental case) (see bhiy/ase-under1, bhī-). | | | bhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. () bh/arati-, te- ; cl.3 P. A1. () b/ibharti- (bibh/arti-only ), bibhṛte- ; cl.2 P. bh/arti- (parasmE-pada P. b/ibhrat-, q.v; A1. bibhrāṇa-with act. meaning , bibhramāṇa-with pass. meaning ; perfect tense jabh/āra-, jabh/arat-; jabhre-, ajabhartana- ; babhāra-, babhṛma- etc.; parasmE-pada babhrāṇ/a-with pass. meaning ; bibharāmbabhūva- , rām-āsa- ; Aorist abhār- ; bhart/am-, bhṛt/am- ; abhṛta- grammar; abhārṣam- subjunctive bharṣat- ; abhāriṣam- ; preceding bhriyāsam-, yāt- ; future bhariṣyati- Conditional /abhariṣyat- ; bhart/ā- ; infinitive mood bh/artum-, bh/artave-, bh/artav/ai-,Ved.; bh/aradhyai- ; ind.p. -bh/ṛtya- etc.) , to bear, carry, convey, hold ("on"or"in" locative case) etc. ; to wear id est let grow (hair, beard, nails) etc. ; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales) ; to bear id est contain, possess, have, keep (also"keep in mind") etc. ; to support, maintain, cherish, foster ; to hire, pay ; to carry off or along (A1. bharate-,"for one's self" id est gain, obtain, or =ferri"to be borne along") ; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow etc. ; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo ; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; A1. bharate-,also "to rise, be heard") ; to fill (the stomach) ; (with garbham-) to conceive, become pregnant (confer, compare under dhṛ-) ; (with kṣitim-) to take care of, rule, govern ; (with, ājñām-) to submit to, obey ; (with ūrjām-) to exert, employ : Passive voice bhriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāri-), to be borne etc. etc. etc.: Causal bhārayati- (Aorist abībharat-), to cause to bear etc. ; to engage for hire : Desiderative b/ubhūrṣati- ( ), bibhariṣati- () , to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intensive b/aribharti- (3. plural bhrati- , where also 2. dual number jarbhṛt/aḥ-), barībharti- (), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither. [ confer, compare Zend bar; Greek ; Latin fero; Slavonic or Slavonian brati; Gothic bai4ran; German beran,ge-ba0ren; English bear.] | | | bhṛṇīya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to be angry (equals krudhyate-) (see bhrī-and hṛṇīya-). | | | bhū | cl.1 P. () bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare ; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu- ; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve- ; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu- ; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni- ; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās- ; bhūyāt- ; bhūyiṣṭhās- ; bhaviṣāt-[?] ; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā- etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi- ; bhavitum-, tos- ; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī- ; -bh/ūya- etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam- ), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite ;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done ;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning ;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed ; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted on ; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this ; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked ; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless ;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth ;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces ;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof. ;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one ; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone ) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative) etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-) (confer, compare ) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing) etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit ) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case) ; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed ; to be of consequence or useful ; (also A1. ) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain ; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate : Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti- ; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be : Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum- ; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc. ), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create ; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative) ; to subdue, control ; (also A1. ) to obtain ; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray ; to purify ; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative) etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume (confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (), to wish to cause to be etc. : Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed ; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed ; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour ; to want to take revenge : Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of ; to be transformed into (accusative) ; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret [ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.] | | | bhuraṇya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to be active or restless, stir ; to stir (trans.), agitate (a liquid) | | | bhyas | cl.1 A1. () bhy/asate- (only imperfect tense /abhyasetām- ; subjunctive bhy/asāt- ; grammar also perfect tense babhyase- future bhyasiṣyati-etc.: Causal bhyāsayati-: Desiderative bibhyasiṣate-: Intensive bābhyasyate-, bābhyasti-), to fear, be afraid, tremble (see bhī-,of which this is a secondary form, prob. through bhiyas-). | | | brahmaṇya | Nom. P. y/ati- (only pr. p. y/at-) to pray, be devout or religious | | | brahmaṇya | (ṇy/a-) n. (plural) "praise"or"sacrificial food"(?) () | | | budhya | mfn. See a-budhy/a-. | | | canasya | Nom. (imperative 2. dual number sy/atam-) to delight in (accusative), enjoy | | | caṇḍa | m. Name of a mythical being (c/aṇḍasya napty/as-,"daughters of caṇḍa-", a class of female demons ), | | | cāturmāsī | f. (of sy/a-; scilicet paurṇamāsī-) full-moon day at the cāturmāsya- sacrifices Va1rtt. 5 and 7. | | | cityā | f. "piling up", building (an altar. etc.) See agni-city/ā-, maṭha-- | | | cyavana | m. (later form for cy/avāna-) Name of a ṛṣi- (son of bhṛgu-, author of ) (father of ṛcīka-, xiii, 207) etc. | | | cyavāna | mfn. (equals cy/avana-) Name of a ṛṣi- (restored to youth by the aśvin-s) | | | cyavas | n. "motion." See tṛṣu-cy/av-. | | | cyavatāna | (cy/av-) m. Name of a man | | | cyu | cl.1. cy/avate- (Epic also ti-; subjunctive 1. sg. cy/avam- ;3. plural cyavanta-, future cyoṣyate- ; Aorist 2. plural acyoḍhvam-[ subjunctive cy-, ] and preceding cyoṣīḍhvam- ) to move to and fro, shake about ; to stir, move from one's place, go away, retire from (ablative), turn off; ; ; to deviate from (ablative), abandon (duty etc. ablative;exceptionally genitive case infinitive mood cyavitum-) ; to come forth from, come out of. drop from, trickle, stream forth from (ablative; see 2. cyut-), ; to fall down, fall, slide from (ablative), ; to fall from any divine existence (so as to be re-born as a man) ; to die ; "to fall from", be deprived of, lose (with ablative) (Aorist acyoṣṭa-) ; to fall away, fade away, disappear, vanish, perish ; to fail ; to sink down, sink (literally and figuratively) ; (in the series of re-births) ; to decrease (with instrumental case) ; to bring about, create, make (perfect tense 2. sg. cicyuṣ/e- see ); (perfect tense cucyuv/e-) ; to cause to go away, make forget ; Causal cyāv/ayati- (once cyav- always cyav-, parasmE-pada cyāv/ayat- ; imperfect tense acucyavur-, ; perfect tense cyāvayām āsa- ) P. to cause to move, shake, agitate ; A1. to be moved or shaken ; P. to loosen, ; to remove from a place, drive away from (ablative) ; to cause (rain, v/ṛṣṭim-) to fall ; to deprive any one (accusative) of (accusative) ; Intensive (imperfect tense 2. plural acucyavītana-) to shake : Causal Desiderative cicyāvayiṣati- or cucy- | | | dā | cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati- etc.; A1. datte- ;1. sg. dadmi- ; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i- ; deh/i-[ ] ;2. plural d/adāta- , tana- , datt/a- etc.;2. dual number tt/am- etc.; Potential dady/āt- etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur- ;2. dual number /adattam- etc.;2. plural ttana-, , /adadāta- ; subjunctive d/adat- , das- dan- parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas- etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-, ; n/a-, ; sg. dadati-, ; plural danti-, ; imperative da-, ; data- ; Potential det- ; imperfect tense /adadat- ; A1. sg. d/adate- ; plural dante-, ; imperative sg. datām- ; dasva- etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta- ; parasmE-pada d/adamāna- ; Aorist /adāt-[ ], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas- [ confer, compare ]; Potential 1. plural deṣma- ; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o- etc.; Passive voice d/e-, ; dadade-, dāte-, dire- ; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas- , ṣām- ; Nominal verb dv/ān-, ; dāvan- ; accusative div/āṃsam-, [ confer, compare ]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at- ; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye- ; preceding deyāt- ; infinitive mood dāv/ane- ; d/ātos-, ; tave-, ; d/ātav/ai-[ ] ; tum-, etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[ ] ; ttv/ā- etc.; -d/āya-[ ] etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[ ]; parasmE-pada y/amāna- ; Aorist adāyi- ; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-, ) cl.1. d/āti- (; imperative tu-, ; confer, compare Va1rtt. 3 ) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage etc. ; to hand over ; (with haste-) ; to give back, ; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"; ṛṇam-,"a debt", ) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat") ; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass") and ; to sell (with instrumental case of the price), ; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief", ) ; to offer (an oblation etc.) etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas- ), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram- etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth, ; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ] ) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood) ; to permit sexual intercourse ; to place, put, apply (in med.) etc. ; to add ; with varam-,"to grant a boon" etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief", ; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter" etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life" ; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands ; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm tālam-, to beat time with the hands ; saṃjñām-, to make a sign ; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment samayam-, to propose an agreement ; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ] ; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum ; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out ; śāpam-, to utter a curse etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire ' ; anuyātram-, to accompany ; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace, ; jhampam-, to jump ; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha- ; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow ; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with ; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command, ; saṃdeśam-, to give information ; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation vṛtim-, to fence in ; darśanam-, to show one's self ; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case) ; karṇam-, to give ear, listen ; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case) ; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand ; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire ; śāram-, to move a chess-man ; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar ; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case) ; padam-, to tread upon [loc.] ; to direct the steps ; viṣam-, to poison (with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire ' (with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve ; to show (Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś- ) : Causal dāpayati- (; Aorist adīdapat-, ) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore etc. ; to demand from (ablative) ; to cause to utter or speak ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known ; to cause to place or advance, ; to cause to perform, to cause to be put on (locative case) : Desiderative d/itsati- (; parasmE-pada d/idāsat- ; d/itsat-, ; Potential tseyam- ; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha- ; confer, compare ) to wish to give, be ready to bestow etc. ; to wish to give in marriage etc.: Intensive dedīyate- ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.]) | | | dā | cl.4 P. dy/ati- (see ā--4. dā-), to bind, only in dīṣva- ([ see ]) . | | | dakṣa | m. Name of one of the prajā-pati-s ( etc. ;born from brahmā-'s right thumb etc.;or from a-ja-,"the unborn";or son of pra-cetas- or of the of 10 pra-cetasa-s, whence called prācetasa- ;father of 24 daughters by pra-sūti- etc.;of 50 [or 60 ;or 44 ] daughters of whom 27 become the Moon's wives, forming the lunar asterisms, and 13 [or 17 ;or 8 ]those of kaśyapa-, becoming by this latter the mothers of gods, demons, men, and animals, while 10 are married to dharma- etc.;celebrating a great sacrifice [hence dakṣa sy/ayana-,"Name of a sacrifice" ] to obtain a son, he omitted, with the disapproval of dadhīca-,to invite śiva-, who ordered vīra-bhadra- to spoil the sacrifice [identified with viṣṇu-] ,= ;named among the viśve-devā-s ; . [ ] etc.) | | | dakṣa | m. dākṣāy/an- | | | dākṣiṇārdhika | mf(ī-)n. equals dakṣiṇārdhy/a- | | | dakṣiṇīya | mfn. () equals ṇy/a- | | | damāya | Nom. (plural yantu-) to control one's self ; (p. y/at-) to subdue | | | daśasya | Nom. (fr. śas-= Latin decus; confer, compare dāś-and y/aśas-) y/ati- (Impv. y/ā-, ya-;p. y/at-), to render service, serve, worship, favour, oblige (with accusative) ; to accord, do favour to (dative case) | | | dasyu | m. ( das-) enemy of the gods (exempli gratia, 'for example' ś/ambara-, ś/uṣṇa-, c/umuri-, dh/uni-;all conquered by indra-, agni-, etc.), impious man (called a-śraddh/a-, a-yajñ/a-, /a-yajyu-, /a-pṛnat-, a-vrat/a-, anya-vrata-, a-karm/an-), barbarian (called a-n/ās-,or an-/ās-"ugly-faced", /adhara-,"inferior", /a-mānuṣa-,"inhuman"), robber (called dhan/in-) etc. | | | dāti | See havy/a-- | | | dayā | f. Pity (daughter of dakṣa- and mother of a-bhaya- ) see a-day/a-; nir--, and sadaya-. | | | devaya | Nom. P., only p., y/at-, loving or serving the gods, religious (see /a--) ; divine or shining (?) | | | devāya | Nom. P., only p. y/at- equals vay/at-, Maitr. and | | | devayajya | n. worship of the gods, a sacrifice etc. (instrumental case also jy/ā- ) | | | devayajyā | f. worship of the gods, a sacrifice etc. (instrumental case also jy/ā- ) | | | dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] | | | dham | or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te- ; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas- ; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire- ; Aorist adhmāsīt- ; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati- ; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya- ) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma- ]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument) etc. ; to blow into (locative case) ; to breathe out, exhale ; to kindle a fire by blowing ; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing etc. ; to blow or cast away : Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- ( ) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati- (Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate- ) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder : Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate- ; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell) [ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"] | | | dhānyatilvila | (ny/a--) mfn. abounding in corn | | | dhārayatkavi | (y/at-k-) mfn. supporting or cherishing sages | | | dhārayatkṣiti | (y/at-kṣ-) mfn. bearing or sustaining creatures | | | dhī | f. notion, opinion, the taking for (compound) etc. (y/athā dhiy/ā-or dhiy/ā n/a-,according to thy wisdom or will; itth/ā dhiy/ā-or dh/iyaḥ-,willingly literally such is thy will ) | | | dhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (; A1. Potential dhareran- ), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu- ]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e- etc.; Aorist adhāram- ; adhṛta-, dhṛthās- ; /adīdharat- etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta- ;3. plural rata- ]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati- ; ṣy/e- ; dhartā- ; infinitive mood dhartum- , tavai- [ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya- ) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case) etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to) ; to present to (genitive case) ; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case) ; A1. to be ready or prepared for ; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case) (confer, compare ) ; to prolong (in pronunciation) ; to quote, cite ; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-) etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case) (also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow ; (with raśmīn-[ ] or praharān-[ ]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty ; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control ; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance ; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly ; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember ; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact (Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady etc. ; continue living, exist, remain etc. (also dhāryate- ) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood) : Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate- ; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-) : Intensive d/ardharti- () and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati- ; confer, compare ) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.] | | | dhū | cl.5 P. A1. dhūn/oti-, nut/e- ; dhunoti-, nute- etc. ; cl.6 P. () dhuvati- (confer, compare ni--; Potential dhūvet- ) ; cl.9 P. A1. () Potential dhunīyāt- ; parasmE-pada A1. dhunāna- ; cl.1 P. () dhavati- ; cl.2 A1., 3. plural dhuvate- (dhunv/ate-?) ; parasmE-pada dhuvān/a- (perfect tense dudhāva- , dhuve- ; dudhuvīta-and dūdhot- : Aorist adhūṣṭa-,3. plural ṣata- ; adhoṣṭa-, adhaviṣṭa-; adhauṣīt-, adhāvīt- grammar; future dhaviṣyati-, te- etc.; dhoṣyati-, te-, dhotā-& dhavitā- grammar; ind.p. dhūtvā- , -dh/ūya- etc.; infinitive mood dhavitum- grammar) to shake, agitate, cause to tremble etc. ; to shake down from (exempli gratia, 'for example' fruits [ accusative ] from a tree [ accusative ]) ; (oftener A1.) to shake off, remove, liberate one's self from (accusative) etc. ; to fan, kindle (a fire) etc. ; to treat roughly, hurt, injure, destroy ; to strive against, resist : Passive voice dhūy/ate- etc. (parasmE-pada dhūyat- ): Causal dhāvayati- () and dhūnayati- (See dhūna-): Desiderative dudhūṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dodhavīti- (parasmE-pada dodhuvat d/avidhvat- ) ; dodhūyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna-and yat- ; so shake or move violently (trans. and intr.) ; to shake off or down ; to fan or kindle. [ confer, compare dhav-and dhāv-; Greek , .] | | | dhyai | cl.1 P. dhy/āyati- (Epic also te-,or cl.2. dhyāti-; imperative dhyāhi-; Potential dhyāyāt- ; yīta- ; perf. dadhyau- etc.; Aorist /adhyāsīt- ;3. plural dhyāsur- ; future dhyāsyati- ; dhyātā- ; ind.p. dhyātvā- ; -dhyāya- ; dhyāyam- ) to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect (with or scilicet manasā-or si-, cetasā-, dhiyā-, hṛdaye-etc.) etc. ; to brood mischief against (accusative) ; (alone) to be thoughtful or meditative etc. ; to let the head hang down (said of an animal) : Passive voice dhyāyate-, to be thought of, etc. ; Causal dhyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative didhyāsate- : Intensive dādhyāyate-, dādhyāti-, dādhyeti- grammar | | | dīkṣ | (Desiderative of dakṣ-?) cl.1 A1. dīkṣate- (perfect tense didīksk/e-; future dīkṣiṣy/ate-; Aorist adidīkṣas-and adīkṣiṣṭa- ; ind.p. dīkṣitvā- ) to consecrate or dedicate one's self (especially for the performance of the soma--sacrifice) ; to dedicate one's self to a monastic order : Causal dīkṣayati-, te-, to consecrate, initiate ; perfect tense didīkṣur- ; to consecrate as a king ; to make ready, prepare : Desiderative didīkṣiṣate-, to wish to be consecrated | | | dinamūrdhan | m. "day-head", the eastern mountain (see uday/a-) | | | dīp | cl.4 A1. dīpyate- (dīpy/ate- , dipyati- perfect tense didīpe- ; future dīpiṣyate-, dīpitā-; Aorist adīpi-, adipiṣṭa- infinitive mood dipitum- ) to blaze, flare, shine, be luminous or illustrious etc. ; glow, burn (also with anger ): Causal dip/ayati-, te- Aorist adīdipat- or adidipat- () to kindle, set on fire, inflame ; illuminate, make illustrious etc. ; excite, rouse : Desiderative didīpiṣate-: Intensive dedīpyate-, to blaze fiercely, shine intensely, be very bright ; parasmE-pada dedīpyantī- | | | div | , dy/u- m. (Nominal verb dy/aus-; vocative case dyaus-[ ]; accusative dy/ām- d/ivam-; instrumental case div/ā-or d/īvā-[see below]; dative case dive-[ dyave- ]; ablative genitive case div/as-[rarely dy/os- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; locative case div/i-, dy/avi-; dual number dyāvā- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order [ dy/avī-as vocative case only ]; plural Nominal verb dy/āvas-[ divas-only ]; accusative dy/ūn-[rare, d/ivas-, div/as- exempli gratia, 'for example' ]; instrumental case dy/ubhis-;native grammarians give as stems div-and dyo-;the latter is declined through all cases like go-,but really does not occur except in forms mentioned above and in dyo-salila- , while div-and dyu-regularly alternate before vowel and consonant) (rarely f.) in Vedic or Veda f. in later Skr. heaven, the sky (regarded in Vedic or Veda as rising in three tiers[ avama-, madhyama-, uttama-or tṛtīya- ] , and generally as the father(dy/auṣ- pit/ā-,while the earth is the mother[ see dyāvā-pṛthivī-],and uṣas- the daughter) , rarely as a goddess, daughter of prajā-pati- ) | | | diya | n. diy/ānām p/ati- lord of gifts, a very liberal man. | | | do | cl.2.4. P. dāti- etc. ; dy/ati- etc. (perfect tense 3 plural A1. -dadire- ; Aorist adāsīt-and adāt- ; preceding deyāt-, ; dāyāt-, ; -diṣīya- ; see ava-do-) to cut, divide, reap, mow etc.: Passive voice dīyate-, prob. to be cast down or, dejected : Desiderative ditsati- : Intensive dedīyate-, (see day-and 3. dā-). | | | dṛ | cl.6 A1. driy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to respect, honour () ; occurring only with preposition ā- see ā-dri- ; Desiderative didariṣate- | | | drai | or drā- () cl.1 P. A1. drāyati-, te- (confer, compare ni--) or cl.2 P. drāti- (perfect tense -dadrau- ; Aorist adrāsīt- ; future drāsy/ati- ) to sleep. [ confer, compare Greek , Latin dormio]. | | | dṛś | (Pres. forms supplied by paś- q.v; perfect tense P. dad/arśa- etc. [2. sg. dadarśitha-and dadraṣṭha- ]; A1. dadṛś/e- [ d/adṛśe-,3 plural dṛśre- ; śrire- ]; parasmE-pada P. dadṛśv/as- ; sivas- ; darśivas- q.v; A1. d/adṛśāna- ; future P. -drakṣy/ati- etc.; A1. ṣyate-and future 2. draṣṭā- ; Aorist P. adarśam-, śas-, śat-,3 plural śur- ; 1 plural adarśma- ; adṛśma- ; subjunctive darśam-, śat-, śathas- ; A1.3 plural /adṛśran- ; śram- ; parasmE-pada dṛśān/a-or d/ṛśāna-[ confer, compare sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ] ; P. dṛśan-,3 plural /adṛśan- ; Potential dṛś/eyam- ; śema- ; P. adrākṣit-and adrāk- ; A1.3 plural /adṛkṣata-; subjunctive 2 sg. d/ṛkṣase- ; infinitive mood dṛś/e-and driś/aye- ; dr/aṣṭum- etc.; ind.p. dṛṣṭv/ā- etc.[ also dṛśya-], ṭvāya- ; -d/ṛśya- ; -darśam- ) to see, behold, look at, regard, consider etc. ; to see id est wait on, visit ; to see with the mind, learn, understand etc. ; to notice, care for, look into, try, examine ; to see by divine intuition, think or find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.) : Passive voice dṛśy/ate- (Epic also ti-) Aorist ad/arśi- etc. to be seen, become visible, appear etc. ; to be shown or manifested, appear as (iva-), prove etc.: Causal P. A1. darśayati-, te- etc. ; Aorist adīdṛśat- ; adadarśat- , to cause to see or be seen, to show a thing (A1. especially of something belonging to one's self) or person (P.and A1.with or scilicet ātmānam-,also one's self) , to (accusative etc.; genitive case etc.; dative case etc.; instrumental case after A1.refl. ) ; to show = prove, demonstrate etc. ; to produce (money) id est pay ; (a witness) , : Desiderative A1. didṛkṣate- (Epic also ti-) to wish to see, long for (accusative) etc.: Desiderative of Causal didarśayiṣati-, to wish to show ; adidarśayiṣīt- : Intensive darīdṛśyate-, to be always visible ; darīdarṣṭi- or dard- [ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic tarhjan.] | | | ducchunāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-, to wish to harm, be evil disposed | | | duh | (originally dugh- see d/ughāna-, dugha-etc., and the initial dh-of some forms) cl.2 P.A1. dogdhi- ; dugdhe- or duh/e- etc. (plural A1. duhat/e-, ; duhrate-, ; duhr/e-, ; imperfect tense P. /adhok-, ; duh/ur- ; A1. adugdha-[according to Aorist ] plural aduhra-,i sg. aduha- plural hra- [ see ]; imperative dhukṣva- sg. duh/ām- ; plural duhr/ām-, r/atām- ; dhuṅgdhvam- ; subjunctive dohat-[3 plural hān- ], hate- ; Potential duhīyat- ; y/an-, ; A1. hīta-, ; parasmE-pada P. duh/at- A1. duhān/a-, d/uhāna-,and d/ugh- ; cl.6 P. A1. duh/ati-, te- etc.; cl.4. duhyati-, te- ; perfect tense dud/oha-[ hitha- ], duduh/e-,3 plural duduhur-[ dudūhur- ] etc.; A1. duduhre- [ hrire-]; future dhokṣyati-, te- ; Aorist /adhukṣat-, ṣata-[3 sg. plural ], adukṣat-, ; dukṣata-,3 sg. ; imperative dhukṣ/asva- ; Potential dhukṣīm/ahi- ; infinitive mood dogdhum- etc.; dogdhos- ; duh/adhyai-and doh/ase- ; ind.p. dugdhvā- ) to milk (a cow or an udder) figuratively take advantage of (see) , enjoy ; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, soma- exempli gratia, 'for example' any good thing) ; draw anything out of another thing (with 2 accusative) etc. ; (mostly A1.) to give milk, yield any desired object (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. etc.: Passive voice duhy/ate- Aorist adohi- ( ) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from etc.: Causal doh/ayati-, te- Aorist adūduhat- Passive voice dohy/ate-, to cause to milk or be milked ; to milk, milk out, extract : Desiderative d/udukṣati- (), dudhukṣati- ( see dudhukṣu-), to wish to milk. | | | durasya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to wish to hurt or injure | | | durāvī | (accusative vy/am-) mfn. difficult to be passed through | | | durhaṇāya | Nom. P., parasmE-pada y/at-, meditating harm | | | durhṛṇāya | Nom. P., parasmE-pada y/at-, furious, enraged (varia lectio for haṇ- ) | | | durmatīkṛta | mfn. (fr. maty/a-and kṛ-) badly harrowed or rolled | | | duvasya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to honour, worship, celebrate, reward ; give as a reward, . | | | dvādaśan | plural (Nominal verb accusative dv/ā-daśa-,instr dvā daś/abhis- dative case ablative ś/abhyas-,loc śāsu- genitive case ś/ānām-,according to in Class. also śabh/is-, śabhy/as-, śas/u-) twelve [ confer, compare Zend dva-das3an; Greek ; Latin duo-decim.] | | | dya | dyas- See a-dy/a-, sa-dy/as-. | | | dyāvābhūmī | (dy/ā-) f. dual number heaven and earth | | | dyāvāpṛthivīya | mfn. relating or sacred to them (also vy/a-) | | | dyu | m. dy/avi-dyavi-, daily, every day | | | dyūtvā | See a-dyūty/a- and 2. div-. | | | dyūtya | See a-dyūty/a- and 2. div-. | | | eṣaiṣya | according to to some the word is eṣai- ṣā-,"impetuous", and ṣy/ā- the instrumental case of the fem. ṣi-. | | | etarhi | ind. then (correlating to y/arhi-) | | | gadāya | Nom. A1. y/ate-,"to become sick", to become lazy or idle | | | gai | cl.1 P. g/āyati-, rarely A1. te- (1. sg. g/āye-[ ] & gāyiṣe-[ ] etc.) , exceptionally cl.2. gāti- ( : cl.3 P. jigāti- ; perf. jagau- etc.; Aorist agāsīt-; preceding geyāt- ; pr. p. P. g/āyat- etc.; ind.p. gītvā-[with preposition -gāya-() -g/īya- etc.]; infinitive mood gātum-), to sing, speak or recite in a singing manner, sing to (dative case ), praise in song (with accusative), relate in metrical language etc. ; to sing before (accusative) : Passive voice gīy/ate- (parasmE-pada y/amāna-), to be sung or praised in song etc. ; to be called (perf. jage-), etc.: Causal gāpayati- (Potential 3. plural gāyayeyur- ), to cause to sing or praise in song etc.: Intensive jegīyate- () , to sing ; to be sung or praised in song ; to be asserted obstinately ; ([ confer, compare 3. gā-; confer, compare also Lithuanian zaidziu.]) | | | gam | Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha- ], gamāma-, gaman- ; Potential gam/ema- ; infinitive mood g/amadhyai- ) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[ ] , 1. plural /aganma-[ ; confer, compare ] , 3. plural /agman- ; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare ]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an- ; Potential 2. sg. gamyās- ; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās- ; pr. p. gm/at-, ) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (; Potential jagamyām-, yāt- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana- ) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1. etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare ; subjunctive gācchāti- ;2. sg. gacchās-[ ] or gacchāsi-[ ];2. plural gacchāta- ;3. plural g/acchān- ; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat- etc.; Aorist agamat- ;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare future gamiṣyati- etc.; 1st future g/antā-[ ] etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[ ],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur- etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[ etc.] or jagmivas- f. jagm/uṣī- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[ etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya- ) to go, move, go away, set out, come etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [ ; confer, compare ] or prati-[ ]) etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time) ; to fall to the share of (accusative) etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack ; to decease, die ; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative) etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly) etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down ; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow ; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive ; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess ; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant") and ; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative) : Causal gamayati- (; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[ ] , 3. sg. gamayatāt- ; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra- etc.) to cause to go ( ) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case ), bring to a place (accusative [ ] or locative case) etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become etc. ; to impart, grant ; to send away ; "to let go", not care about ; to excel ; to spend time etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain ; to convey an idea or meaning, denote ; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another : Desiderative j/igamiṣati- ( jigāṃsate- ; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat- ) to wish to go, be going ; to strive to obtain ; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-) : Intensive j/aṅganti- (), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- ( ), to visit (parasmE-pada g/anigmat-) (imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.]) | | | gandharva | m. a gandharva- [though in later times the gandharva-s are regarded as a class, yet in rarely more than one is mentioned;he is designated as the heavenly gandharva-(divy/a g- ),and is also called viśvā-vasu-()and vāyu-keśa- (in plural );his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters( );his especial duty is to guard the heavenly soma-() , which the gods obtain through his intervention( ; see );it is obtained for the human race by indra-, who conquers the gandharva- and takes it by force();the heavenly gandharva- is supposed to be a good physician, because the soma- is considered as the best medicine;possibly, however, the word soma- originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly gandharva- may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon;in one passage() the heavenly gandharva- and the soma- are identified;he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (; see );he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ( );he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, yama- and yamī-() , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them();for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies();ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly gandharva-(see -gṛhīta-, -graha-);the gandharva-s as a class have the same characteristic features as the one gandharva-;they live in the sky( ) , guard the soma-( ),are governed by varuṇa- (just as the āpsarasa-s are governed by soma-) ,know the best medicines( ),regulate the course of the asterisms( ;hence twenty-seven are mentioned ),follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them( );as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to soma-, the gandharva-s, and agni-( );the wives of the gandharva-s are the āpsarasa-s(see gandharvāpsar/as-),and like them the gandharva-s are invoked in gambling with dice();they are also feared as evil beings together with the rākṣasa-s, kimīdin-s, piśāca-s, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them( );they are said to have revealed the veda-s to vāc-(; see ),and are called the preceptors of the ṛṣi-s(); purūravas- is called among them();in epic poetry the gandharva-s are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers(see )who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the āpsarasa-s to indra-'s heaven, sharing also in his battles( etc.; see );in the more systematic mythology the gandharva-s constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided(id est gods, manes, gandharva-s ;or gods, asura-s, gandharva-s, men ; see ;or gods, men, gandharva-s, āpsarasa-s, sarpa-s, and manes ;for other enumerations see [ ] etc.);divine and human gandharva-s are distinguished(;the divine or deva-gandharva-s are enumerated );another passage names 11 classes of gandharva-s();the chief or leader of the gandharva-s is named citra-ratha-();they are called the creatures of prajāpati-() or of brahmā-() or of kaśyapa- () or of the muni-s( ) or of prādhā-() or of ariṣṭā-( )or of vāc-();with jaina-s the gandharva-s constitute one of the eight classes of the vyantara-s] | | | gātuya | Nom. P. (imperative 2. sg. yā-: pr. p. y/at-;3. plural gātūy/anti-, pada-pāṭha- gātuy-) to wish to obtain or to procure free progress | | | gaura | n. Name of several other plants (priy/aṃgu-, mañjiṣṭhā-, śveta-dūrvā-, mallikā-, tulasī-, suvarṇa-kadalī-, ākāśa-māṃsī-) | | | gauravallī | f. (equals gaurī-) panic (priy/aṃgu-) | | | gaurīpuṣpa | m. "white-flowered", panic (priy/aṃgu-) | | | gavālūka | m. (equals vay/a-) the Gayal | | | gāvaya | mfn. coming from the Gayal (gavay/a-,as beef) | | | gavya | Nom. P. vyati-, to desire cattle or cows ; See gavy/at-. | | | gavya | mfn. (or less common gavy/a- six times ) () consisting of cattle or cows, coming from or belonging to a cow (as milk, curds, etc.; see pañcag-) etc. | | | gavyā | f. See also gavy/ā- | | | gavya | n. cattle, cow-herd (gavy/a-) ; ix, 62, 23 | | | gavyā | f. (fr. 1. gavya-) desire for or delight in cows, (instrumental case vy/ā-) | | | gavyā | f. desire for (what comes from a cow id est for) milk, (instrumental case vyay/ā-). | | | gaya | m. (gaRa vṛṣādi-; ji- see śaṃgay/a-) "what has been conquered or acquired", a house, household, family, goods and chattels, contents of a house, property, wealth | | | gha | ind. sometimes it occurs in the clause which depends on a conditional or relative sentence (exempli gratia, 'for example' /ā ghā gamad y/adi śr/avat-,"he will surely come when he hears"), | | | ghas | not used in proper (cl.1. ghasati- ), but supplies certain tenses (especially Aorist and Desiderative ) of ad- (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /aghas- ; aghās-(?) ;3. sg. aghat-, aghasat-[? ], ajīghasat-[ ];3. plural /akṣan- ; aghasan- [ ];2. dual number /aghastām-;2. plural aghasta-; subjunctive 2. sg. gh/asas-,3. sg. sat- ;3. plural kṣan-, ; imperative 3. dual number gh/astām-; perfect tense jagh/āsa- etc.;3. plural jakṣur- ; Potential jakṣīy/āt- ; parasmE-pada jakṣiv/as- ; f. kṣ/uṣī- ) , to consume or devour, eat: Desiderative j/ighatsati- (see ), to wish to consume or devour, wish to eat (see jakṣ-.) | | | ghnya | ati-ghny/a-. | | | gomṛga | m. (= 2. gavay/a- q.v) the Gayal | | | gopāya | Nom. P. (fr. go-p/ā-; see gup-) y/ati- (see ; Aorist agopāyīt- ), to represent a cowherd, act like a herdsman ; to guard, protect, preserve etc. ; to hide, conceal (Passive voice gopāyyate-) : Causal gopāyayati-, to preserve, protect (see abhi--, pari--.) | | | grah | ([ in a few passages only etc.]) or grabh- ([ ;rarely ]) cl.9 P. gṛbhṇāti- gṛhṇ/āti- (also A1. gṛhṇīte-,irreg. gṛhṇate- ;3. plural gṛbhṇate- ; imperative 2. sg. gṛhāṇ/a-,[ ṇ/ā-, saṃhitā-pāṭha-, parasmE-pada Passive voice Nominal verb plural n. ] etc.; gṛbhṇān/a-& gṛhṇ-[Ved.]; gṛhṇa- ; -gṛhṇāhi-, -gṛbhṇīhi-See prati-grabh-; A1. gṛbhṇīṣva-[ ] or gṛhṇ-;3. sg. P. gṛhṇītāt-;Ved. imperative gṛbhāy/a-etc.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ya- confer, compare gṛhaya-; perf. jagrāha- etc.;1. sg. gr/abhā- ; gṛbhm/a- ; A1. gṛhe-, ;3. plural gṛbhr/e-& gṛbhrir/e- ; P. Potential gṛbhyāt-, ; parasmE-pada gṛbhv/as-, ; future 2nd grahīṣyati-, te- etc.[ confer, compare ];sometimes wrongly spelt gṛh- ; grahiṣy- ; Conditional agrahaiṣyat- ; future 1st grahītā- ; Aorist agrabham- ; bhīt- etc.; hīt-[ ] etc.; -/ajagrabhīt-etc.See saṃ-grah-; subjunctive 2. plural grabhīṣṭa- ; A1. agrahīṣṭa- ; aghṛkṣata- [not in ];Ved. 3. plural agṛbhran-[ ] and agṛbhīṣata-; ind.p. gṛbhītv/ā- ; gṛhītv/ā-, ; grahāya- ; infinitive mood grahītum-[ etc.; confer, compare ;wrongly spelt gṛh- ]; Passive voice gṛhyate-[ future 1st grahītā-or grāhitā- future 2nd grahīṣyate-or grāhiṣy- Aorist agrāhi-,3. dual number agrahīṣātām-or agrāhiṣ- ];Ved. subjunctive 3. plural gṛhyāntai- on ;Ved. Passive voice 3. sg. gṛhate-[ ]or gṛhe-[ ] or gṛhaye-[ ; confer, compare gṛhaya-]; subjunctive 1. plural gṛhāmahi- ; Potential gṛhīta- ) to seize, take (by the hand, pāṇau-or kare-,exceptionally pāṇim-(double accusative) ; confer, compare ), grasp, lay hold of (exempli gratia, 'for example' pakṣaṃ-,to take a side, adopt a party ; pāṇim-,"to take by the hand in the marriage ceremony", marry etc.) etc. ; to arrest, stop ; to catch, take captive, take prisoner, capture, imprison etc. ; to take possession of, gain over, captivate ; to seize, overpower (especially said of diseases and demons and the punishments of varuṇa-) etc. ; to eclipse ; to abstract, take away (by robbery) ; to lay the hand on, claim ; to gain, win, obtain, receive, accept (from ablative,rarely genitive case), keep etc. (with double accusative ) ; to acquire by purchase (with instrumental case of the price) etc. ; to choose ; to choose any one (accusative) as a wife ; to take up (a fluid with any small vessel), draw water ; to pluck, pick, gather ; to collect a store of anything ; to use, put on (clothes) i etc. ; to assume (a shape) ; to place upon (instrumental case or locative case) ; to include ; to take on one's self, undertake, undergo, begin etc. ; to receive hospitably (a guest), take back (a divorced wife) ; "to take into the mouth", mention, name etc. ; to perceive (with the organs of sense or with m/anas-), observe, recognise etc. ; (in astronomy) to observe ; to receive into the mind, apprehend, understand, learn ; (in astronomy) to calculate ; to accept, admit, approve ; to obey, follow ; to take for, consider as etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant by (instrumental case) and Scholiast or Commentator : Causal grāhayati-, to cause to take or seize or lay hold of ; to cause to take (by the hand[ pāṇim-]in the marriage ceremony) ; to cause to marry, give away a girl (accusative) in marriage to any one (accusative) ; to cause any one to be captured ; to cause any one to be seized or overpowered (as by varuṇa-'s punishments or death etc.) ; to cause to be taken away ; to make any one take, deliver anything (accusative) over to any one (accusative; exempli gratia, 'for example' āsanam-with accusative"to cause to take a seat, bid any one to sit down") ; to make any one choose (Aorist ajigrahat-) ; to make any one learn, make acquainted or familiar with (accusative) etc.: Desiderative jighṛkṣati- (confer, compare ), also te-, to be about to seize or take ; to be about to eclipse ; to be about to take away ; to desire to perceive (with the organs of sense), strive to apprehend or recognise : Intensive jarīgṛhyate- ; ([ confer, compare Zend gerep,geurv; Gothic greipa; German greife; Lithuanian gre1bju; Slavonic or Slavonian grablju1; Hibernian or Irish grabaim,"I devour, stop."]) | | | gṛbhāya | Nom. P. y/ati- (see vArttika;only imperative y/a-and y/ata-; see anu--, ā-saṃ--, ud--, prati--, saṃ--, sam-ā-grah-;fr. gṛbhāya-are to be derived the forms of grah-(q.v)beginning with gṛbhī-, grabhī-, gṛhī-, grahī-), to grasp, seize | | | gu | in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "going" See /adhri-gu-, vanar-g/u- (see also priy/aṃgu-, śāci-gu-) | | | guh | cl.1 P. A1. g/ūhati-, te- (see ; imperfect tense /agūhat- ; perf. jugūha- ; future gūhiṣyati- ; Aorist agūhīt-, ; subjunctive 2. sg. ghukṣas-[ ] or Vedic or Veda guhas-[ ]; pr. p. P. g/ūhat-, ; A1. gūhamāna- etc.; Passive voice guhy/amāna- ; Aorist guh/amāna- ;Ved. ind.p. gū1ḍhv/ī-, ) to cover, conceal, hide, keep secret etc.: Desiderative jughukṣati- (;3. dual number jugukṣatas-, pada-pāṭha- jughukṣ-) to wish to conceal or hide away | | | hā | cl.3 P. () j/ahāti- (rarely cl.1. jahati-3. dual number jahltaḥ- imperative jah/ihi-[or jahāhi- ]; jahītāt- ; Potential jahyāt- etc.; perfect tense jahau-, jah/uḥ- etc.; jahe- ; Aorist ahāt- etc.; ahāsīt- grammar;3. sg. ahās- ; /ahāsi- ; hāsiṣṭa- ,; future hātā- grammar; hāsyati-, te- etc., jahiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood hātum- ; ind.p. hitv/ā-.[ q.v ] etc.; hitv/ī- tv/āya- ; -hītvā- grammar; -h/āya- , h/īyam- ), to leave, abandon, desert, quit, forsake, relinquish (with śarīram-, deham-, prāṇān-, asūn-, jīvitam-etc. - "to die") etc., etc. ; to discharge, emit ; to put away, take off, remove, lay aside, give up, renounce, resign, avoid, shun, abstain or refrain from etc. ; to disregard, neglect ; to lose, be deprived of. ; to get rid of. escape from etc. ; to cause to emit (with śardham-,"to cause to break wind") : Passive voice hīy/ate- or h/īyate- (Epic also hīyati-; Aorist ahāyi-), to be left or abandoned or deserted etc. ; to be left behind, fall short of (ablative) etc. ; to be excluded from or bereft of (ablative or instrumental case;with prāṇaiḥ-,"to die") etc. ; to be overtaken by (instrumental case) ; to be deficient or wanting, suffer loss or injury, fail (also in a lawsuit), decrease, wane, decline, come to an end etc. ; to weigh less (at the ordeal of the balance) ; to be given up or avoided (varia lectio) ; to be subtracted ; to become detached from (with ablative or instrumental case), fall out (as hair) : Causal hāpayati- (mc. also te- Aorist ajīhapat-; -jīhipaḥ- ), to cause to leave or abandon etc. ; to omit, neglect etc. ; to fall short of. be wanting in (accusative) ; to give up (asūn-,"life") ; to lose (kālam-,"time") ; to abandon (pratijñām-,"a thesis") : Desiderative jihāsati-, to wish to leave or abandon ; to wish to reject or disdain ; to wish to escape : Intensive jehīyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- grammar | | | han | cl.2 P. () hanti- (3. dual number hat/aḥ-,3. plural ghnanti-;rarely A1. hate-,3. plural ghnate-;and cl.1. hanati-, Vedic or Veda also jighnate-, ti-; Potential hanyāt- also h/anīta-, ghnīta-; imperative jah/i- handh/i-; imperfect tense /ahan-, Vedic or Veda and Epic also ahanat-, ahanan-, aghnanta-; parasmE-pada jaghnat-, ghnamāna- ; perfect tense jagh/āna-, jaghn/uḥ- Epic also jaghne-, nire- subjunctive jagh/anat- ; parasmE-pada jaghniv/as-, Vedic or Veda also jaghanvas-; Aorist ahānīt- [ confer, compare vadh-]; future hantā- ; haṃsyati- ; haniṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood h/antum-,Ved. also h/antave-, tav/ai-, toḥ-; ind.p. hatv/ā-,Ved. also tv/ī-, tvāya-, -hatya-; -hanya- ; -gh/ātam- etc.) , to strike, beat (also a drum) , pound, hammer (accusative), strike etc. upon (locative case) etc. ; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy ; to put to death, cause to be executed ; to strike off ; to ward off, avert ; to hurt, wound (the heart) ; to hurl (a dart) upon (genitive case) ; (in astronomy) to touch, come into contact ; to obstruct, hinder ; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow etc.) ; (?) to go, move : Passive voice hany/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avadhi-or aghāni-), to be struck or killed etc. etc.: Causal ghātayati-, te- (properly a Nom.fr. ghāta- q.v; Aorist ajīghatat-or ajīghanat-), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish etc. ; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati- equals kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe-) Va1rtt. 6 ; to mar, destroy (varia lectio): Desiderative j/ighāṃsati-, te- (Potential jighāṃsīyat- ; imperfect tense ajighāṃsīḥ- ), to wish to kill or destroy etc. etc.: Intensive j/aṅghanti- (; parasmE-pada jaṅghanat-, j/aṅghnat-or gh/anighnat-), jaṅghanyate- (with pass. sense ), jeghnīyate- () , to strike = tread upon (locative case or accusative) ; to slay, kill ; to dispel (darkness) , destroy (evil, harm) ; to hurt, injure, wound [ confer, compare Greek , ; , ; Latin de-fendere,of-fendere; Lit.genu,gi4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian gu8nati.] | | | hariśayā | f. Name of the verse y/ā te agne hari-śay/ā tan/ūḥ- | | | harīśaya | mf(ā-)n. equals hari-śay/a- | | | hārmya | n. varia lectio for harmy/a- | | | hary | cl.1 P. () hary/ati- (rarelyA. te-; pr. p. P. h/aryat-,or hary/at-[see below]A. h/aryamāṇa-), to like, delight in, be fond of or pleased with, yearn after, long for (accusative or locative case) ; to go ; to threaten : Intensive jāharyīti-, jāharti-, jāharyati- [ confer, compare Greek .] | | | haviryajñavidha | mfn. (jñ/a--) of the nature of the havir-yajña- | | | havya | mf(ā-)n. (or havy/a-) to be called or invoked | | | havyadāti | mfn. (havy/a-.) conveying or presenting oblations (to the gods;said of agni-) | | | havyajuṣṭi | (havy/a-.) f. delight in or enjoyment of an oblation | | | havyasūkti | (havy/a--) f. a sacrificial verse or formula | | | haya | mfn. urging on, driving (See aśva-hay/a-). | | | hiraṇyaya | mf(ī-)n. golden, abounding in gold (hiraṇyay/ā-,instr f. ) | | | hiraṇyayā | f. desire for gold (only hiraṇyay/ā- instrumental case) | | | hnavāyya | See a-hnavāyy/a-. | | | hṛ | cl.1 P. A1. () h/arati-, te- (once in harmi-,and once in Scholiast or Commentator on -jiharti-; perfect tense P. jahāra-, jah/artha-, jahruḥ-[ -jaharuḥ-?] etc.; A1. jahre- etc.; Aorist ahār-, ahṛthās- ; ahārṣīt- etc. etc.; 3. plural A1. ahṛṣata- ; preceding hriyāt-, hṛṣīṣṭa- grammar; future hartā- etc.; hariṣyati-, te- ; Conditional ahariṣyat- ; infinitive mood h/artum-, tos-, tave-, tav/ai- ; haritum- ; ind.p. hṛtvā-, -h/āram- etc.; -h/ṛtya- etc.), to take, bear, carry in or on (with instrumental case), carry, convey, fetch, bring etc. ; to offer, present (especially with balim-) etc. ; to take away, carry off, seize, deprive of, steal, rob ; to shoot or cut or hew off, sever (the head or a limb) etc. ; to remove, destroy, dispel, frustrate, annihilate ; to turn away, avert (the face) ; A1. (older and more correct than P.), to take to one's self, appropriate (in a legitimate way), come into possession of (accusative), receive (as an heir), raise (tribute), marry (a girl) etc. ; to master, overpower, subdue, conquer, win, win over (also by bribing) etc. ; to outdo, eclipse, surpass ; to enrapture, charm, fascinate etc. ; to withhold, withdraw, keep back, retain etc. ; to protract, delay (with kālam-,"to gain time") ; (in arithmetic) to divide : Passive voice hriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist ahāri-), to be taken or seized etc. etc. etc.: Causal hārayati-, te- (Aorist ajīharat-; Passive voice hāryate-), to cause to be taken or carried or conveyed or brought by (instrumental case or accusative; confer, compare ) or to (dative case) etc. ; to cause to be taken away, appropriate, seize, rob ; to have taken from one's self, be deprived of, lose (especially at play) ; (harayate-) See pra-hṛ- ; (hārāpayati-), to lose (at play) : Desiderative j/ihīrṣati-, te- (confer, compare jihīrṣā-, ṣu-), to wish to take to one's self or appropriate, covet, desire, long for etc. ; (with kālam-), to wish to gain time : Intensive jehrīyate-; jarharīti-, jarīharīti-, jarharti-, jarīharti- (confer, compare saṃ-hṛ-) grammar ([ confer, compare Greek .]) | | | hu | cl.3 P. () juh/oti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. juhut/e-3. plural proper j/uh-3. plural proper j/uhvati-, te- etc.;2. sg. imperative juhudh/i- etc.; hoṣi- ; parasmE-pada P. j/uhvat-; A1. j/uhvāna-[also with pass. sense];3. plural imperfect tense /ajuhavuḥ- ; perfect tense P. juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- ; A1. juhuve- ; juhv/e-, juhur/e- ; juhvire- ; juhavāṃ-cakāra- ; juhavām-āsa- ; Aorist ahauṣīt- etc.; preceding hūyāt- grammar; future hotā- ; hoṣy/ati-, te- etc.; Conditional ahoṣyat- ; infinitive mood h/otum-, tos-, tav/ai-,and ind.p. hutvā- etc.) , to sacrifice (especially pour butter into the fire) , offer or present an oblation (accusative or genitive case) to (dative case) or in (locative case), sacrifice to, worship or honour (accusative) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to sprinkle on (locative case) ; to eat : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-), to be offered or sacrificed etc. etc.: Causal hāvayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-), to cause to sacrifice or to be sacrificed or to be honoured with sacrifice etc.: Desiderative juhūṣati-, to wish to sacrifice : Intensive johavīti- (imperfect tense ajohavīt-or ajuhavīt- ), johūyate-, johoti- (grammar), to offer oblations repeatedly or abundantly. [ confer, compare Greek in (for) , , ; Latin fu1tis,"water-pot."] | | | hve | cl.1 P. A1. () hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve- ; hvāmahe- ; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi- ; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense] ; hvayāna- ; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e- ; juhuve-, huhurire- ; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre- ; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta- ] etc. etc.; ahvi- ; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata- ; ahvāsīt-[?] ; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te- ; hvāsyate- ; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight") etc. ; to emulate, vie with : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc. : Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case) : Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna- ) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .] | | | i | cl.2 P. /eti- (imperative 2. sg. ih/i-) and 1. P. A1. /ayati-, ayate- ([ confer, compare ay-]), (perfect tense iyāya-[2. sg. iy/atha- , and iy/etha- ] future eṣyati-; Aorist aiṣīt-; infinitive mood etum-, /etave- and , /etav/ai- /etos- ity/ai- ) to go, walk ; to flow ; to blow ; to advance, spread, get about ; to go to or towards (with accusative), come etc. ; to go away, escape, pass, retire ; to arise from, come from ; to return (in this sense only future) ; (with punar-) to come back again, return etc. ; to succeed ; to arrive at, reach, obtain etc. ; to fall into, come to ; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (confer, compare ita-) ; to undertake anything (with accusative) ; to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a participle or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti-,"the asura-s and Rakshases are being continually crushed" ; gavāmayaneneyuḥ-,"they, were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana-" ) ; to appear, be : Intensive A1. /īyate- (; parasmE-pada iyān/a- ; infinitive mood iy/adhyai- ) to go quickly or repeatedly ; to come, wander, run, spread, get about ; to appear, make one's appearance ; to approach any one with requests (with two accusative), ask, request : Passive voice /īyate-, to be asked or requested : Causal āyayati-, to cause to go or escape ; ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin e-o,i1-mus,i-ter,etc.; Lithuanian ei-mi4,"I go"; Slavonic or Slavonian i-du7,"I go",i-ti,"to go"; Gothic i-ddja,"I went."]) | | | id | ind. indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, exempli gratia, 'for example' y/athā v/aśanti dev/ās t/ah/ed asat-,as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be ; d/ipsanta /id rip/avo n/āha debhuḥ-,the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt ). id- is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (exempli gratia, 'for example' viśva it-,every one indeed; śaśvad it-,constantly indeed; eka it-,one only) . At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (exempli gratia, 'for example' tvam it-,thou indeed; yadi it-,if indeed, etc.) id- occurs often in the ṛg-- veda- and atharva-- veda-, seldom in the brāhmaṇa-s, and its place is taken in classical Sanskrit by eva- and other particles. | | | idam | ay/am-, iy/am-, id/am- (fr. id- ; gaRa sarvādi- ;a kind of neut. of the pronominal base 3. i-with am-[ confer, compare Latin is,ea,id,andidem];the regular forms are partly derived from the pronominal base a-;See grammar 224;the veda- exhibits various irregular formations exempli gratia, 'for example' fr. pronominal base a-,an inst. en/ā-, ay/ā-[used in general adverbially], and genitive case locative case dual number ay/os-,and perhaps also av/os-,in [ ];fr. the base ima-,a genitive case singular im/asya-,only ;the has in a few instances the irregular accentuation /asmai-, ; /asya-, ; /ābhis-, : the forms derived fr. a-are used enclitically if they take the place of the third personal pronoun, do not stand at the beginning of a verse or period, and have no peculiar stress laid upon them) , this, this here, referring to something near the speaker | | | iḍāyāspade | (iḷāy/ās-pad/e-) ind. at the place of iḷā- id est of worship and libation, earth | | | indh | cl.7 A1. inddh/e-, indhāṃ-cakre- or īdh/e-, indhiṣyate-, aindhiṣṭa-, indhitum-, to kindle, light, set on fire etc. (parasmE-pada /indhāna- ,kindling, lighting; /idhāna- ,kindled, lighted, flaming): Passive voice idhy/ate-, to be lighted ; to blaze, flame ; ([of. Greek , ; , Latin oes-tus,oes-tas; Old. German eit,"fire."]) | | | indriyakāma | (indriy/a-) mfn. desiring or endeavouring to obtain power | | | indriyāvat | (the Vedic lengthening of the a-according to ;but also once[ ] indriy/a-vat-) mfn. powerful, mighty | | | iraṇya | mfn. perhaps equals iriṇy/a- q.v | | | irasya | Nom. P. irasy/ati-, to show enmity to, be angry or envious ; ([ confer, compare Latin ira,irasci.]) | | | īryatā | (īry/a-) f. the condition of one who is to be excited | | | iṣaṇya | Nom. P. iṣaṇyati- (parasmE-pada iṣaṇy/at- ) to cause to make haste, excite, drive | | | iṣavya | mfn. (fr. /iṣu-below) , skilled in archery (see aniṣavy/a-). | | | iṣaya | Nom. P. A1. iṣ/ayati-, -te- (infinitive mood iṣay/adhyai- ) to be sappy ; to be fresh or active or powerful ; to refresh, strengthen, animate | | | iṣudhya | Nom. P. iṣudhy/ati-, to implore, request, crave for (dative case) ; ([ confer, compare Zend iṣud-,"prayer"; iṣūidyāmahi-,"we will pray."]) | | | jabh | or jambh- (cl.1. jabhate-or jambh- ; Aorist subjunctive jambhiṣat-) to snap at (genitive case) : Causal jambh/ayati- (parasmE-pada yat-) to crush, destroy : Intensive jañjabhy/ate- (and bhīti- ; parasmE-pada bhy/amāna-[ ], bhāna-[ ], bhat-[ ]) opening the jaws wide, snapping at (implying blame ) see abhi-- and jrimbh-. | | | jāgṛ | cl.2. garti- (confer, compare ; cl.1. garati- sg. irregular gṛmi-, ;3. plural j/āgrati- etc.[ ]; imperative gṛh/i-, gṛtāt-, gṛtam-, gṛt/a-; subjunctive garat-; Potential gṛyāt-,or griy- ; imperfect tense /ajāgar-[ ] ; parasmE-pada j/āgrat-; rarely A1. jāgramāṇa- ; perfect tense Vedic or Veda jāg/āra-[ ] , 1. sg. g/ara-[ ], parasmE-pada gṛv/as-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]; perfect tense class.[ ] jajāgāra-or jāgaraṃ-cakāra-; future 2nd jāgriṣy/ati- etc.[A1. ]; future 1st ritā- Va1rtt. 1 ; Aorist ajāgarīt-, ; Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally ajagāri-, ; preceding jāgaryāt-, ) to be awake or watchful etc. ; to awake ; to watch over, be attentive to or intent on, care for, provide, superintend (with locative case or locative case with /adhi-) etc. (with accusative ) ; (said of fire) to go on burning ; to be evident ; to look on : Causal (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /ajīgar- imperative jigṛt/am-, t/a-) to awaken ; jāgarayati-, (; Aorist Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally añāgari-or gāri- ) idem or 'n. saffron ' ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin vi1gilo.]) | | | jana | m. (gaRa vṛṣādi-) creature, living being, man, person, race (p/añca j/anās-,"the five races"equals p kṛṣṭ/ayas- ), people, subjects (the sg. used collectively exempli gratia, 'for example' d/aivya-or divy/ā j-,"divine race", the gods collectively ; mahat j-,many people ;often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' denoting one person or a number of persons collectively, exempli gratia, 'for example' preṣya--, bandhu--, sakhī--etc., qq. vv.;with names of peoples ; ayaṃ- janaḥ-,"this person, these persons", I, we etc.; eṣa j-,id . ) etc. | | | janiṣya | mfn. equals nitavy/a- | | | janitva | mfn. equals tavy/a- | | | janiya | Nom. (3. plural y/anti-) to wish for a wife | | | janīya | Nom. (p. y/at-) equals niya- (see ) | | | jantva | mfn. (equals j/anit-) equals tavy/a- | | | jap | cl.1. j/apati- (rarely A1. ; perfect tense jajāpa-; 3. du. jepatur- ; infinitive mood japitum- ; ind.p. ptvā- ; pitvā- ) to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (especially prayers or incantations) etc. ; to pray to any one (accusative) in a low voice ; to invoke or call upon in a low voice : Intensive jañjapyate-, pīti- (; parasmE-pada py/amāna-) to whisper repeatedly (implying blame, ) | | | jāraya | Nom. (Aorist Passive voice y/āyi-) to cherish | | | jarya | See a-jary/a-. | | | jāspati | ty/a- See jā-. | | | jātya | mfn. (in grammar) equals nitya- Name of the svarita- accent resulting in a fixed word (not by saṃdhi-See kṣaipra-) from an udātta- originally belonging to a preceding i- or u-, (exempli gratia, 'for example' kva-fr. k/ua-; kany/ā-fr. kan/iā-) | | | jaya | mfn. ( ji-) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' conquering, winning See ṛtaṃ--, kṛtaṃ--, dhanaṃ-jay/a-, puraṃ--, śalruṃ-- | | | jāyānujīvin | m. (jāyānujīvin-) equals jāy/ānujīva- | | | jāyeya | See jāy/ānya-. | | | ji | cl.1. j/ayati-, te- (imperfect tense /ajayat-; Aorist ajaiṣīt-,Ved. /ajais-,1. plural /ajaiṣma-, j/eṣma-,2. sg. jes-and A1. j/eṣi- subjunctive j/eṣat-, ṣas-, ṣāma- ; Aorist A1. ajeṣṭa-; future 1st. j/etā- etc.; future jeṣy/ati-, ; perfect tense jig/āya-[ ], jigetha-, jigyur-; parasmE-pada jigīv/as-[ giv/as- ; accusative plural gy/uṣas-] etc.; infinitive mood jiṣ/e-, ; j/etave- ; Classical jetum-: Passive voice jīyate-, ajīyata-[ ], ajāyi-, jāyiṣyate-;for j/īyate-and cl.9. jin/āti-See jyā-) to win or acquire (by conquest or in gambling), conquer (in battle), vanquish (in a game or lawsuit), defeat, excel, surpass etc. (with p/unar-,"to reconquer" ) ; to conquer (the passions), overcome or remove (any desire or difficulties or diseases) etc. ; to expel from (ablative) ; to win anything (accusative) from (accusative), vanquish anyone (accusative) in a game (accusative) ; to be victorious, gain the upper hand ; often proper in the sense of an imperative "long live!""glory to" etc.: Causal jāpayati- () to cause to win ; (Aorist 2. pl, /ajījipata-and /ajījap-) ; to conquer (Aorist ajījayat-): Passive voice jāpyate-, to be made to conquer : Desiderative j/igīṣati-, te- (; parasmE-pada ṣat-, ṣamāṇa-) to wish to win or obtain or conquer or excel etc. ; (A1.) to seek for prey : Intensive jejīyate- | | | jīv | cl.1. j/īvati- (Epic also A1.; subjunctive vāti- ; vāt- ; parasmE-pada j/īvat-; Aorist ajivīt-; jīvīt- ; perfect tense jijīva-; future jīviṣy/ati-; preceding vy/āsam-, vyāsma- ; infinitive mood j/īvitum-, etc.;Ved. vāse- ; j/īvitavaī-. ) to live, be or remain alive etc. ; to revive ; (with punar-) ; to live by (instrumental case;exceptionally locative case, ) etc.: Causal jīv/ayati- (Epic also A1.; Aorist aījijvat-or ajijīv- ) to make alive, restore to life, vivify etc. ; to support life, keep alive etc. ; to nourish, bring up, ; to shout" jīva- " (id est long live!) ; jīvāpayati- (confer, compare pita-) to restore to life : Desiderative jijīviṣati- (A1. ) to wish to live etc. ; to seek a livelihood, wish to live by (instrumental case) ; j/ujyūṣati- idem or 'm. equals jīna- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. jyā-.' ; confer, compare jijyūṣita-; ([ confer, compare Latin vivo; Lithuanian gIve1nu.]) | | | jñā | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "knowing, familiar with" See ṛta--, pada-- and pra-jñ/ā-, /a-saṃ--. | | | jñaka | mf(akā-or ikā-)n. dimin, fr. 2. jñ/a- | | | jur | (jṝ-) cl.4.6. P. jūryati- ( jūr- A1. te- ; parasmE-pada j/ūryat-and jur/at-; perfect tense parasmE-pada jujurv/as-) to become old or decrepit, decay, perish ; to cause to grow old or perish, ; see a-jury/a-. | | | jūrya | mfn. see a-jury/a-. | | | jya | jyakā- See 1. jyā- and 3. jy/ā-. | | | jyā | (see ji-) cl.9 P. jin/āti- (Potential nīy/āt-; parasmE-pada n/at-; perfect tense jijy/au-; future jyāsyati- ; ind.p. -jyāya-, ) Vedic or Veda to overpower, oppress, deprive any one (accusative) of property (accusative) etc. ; (derived fr. jy/āyas-,"senior") to become old : cl.4 A1. j/īyate- or Passive voice y/ate-, Vedic or Veda to be oppressed or treated badly, be deprived of property (or everything, sarva-jyān/im- ) etc.: Causal jyāpayati-, to call any one old : Desiderative (parasmE-pada j/ijyāsat-) to wish to overpower : Intensive jejīyate- ; see pari-- ; . | | | jya | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "oppressing", see, brahma-jy/a-. | | | jyā | f. = See parama-jy/ā- | | | jyāvāja | (jy/ā--) mfn. having the elasticity of a bow-string | | | jyāya | See nṛ-jyāy/a-. | | | jyāyasvat | (jy/āy-) mfn. having a superior | | | jyeṣṭhinī | f. see jyaiṣṭhiney/a-. | | | jyeya | mfn. to be oppressed or deprived of property (see a-jyey/at/a-, brahma-jy/eya-) | | | kakṣya | mfn. (kakṣy/a-,fr. kakṣy/ā-), filling out the girth, well fed ([ ]) | | | kālamāpanī | f. See y/āma-dundubhi- s.v. y/āma-- | | | kāmyā | f. will, purpose, intention (exempli gratia, 'for example' yat-kāmy/ā-,irreg. instrumental case"with which intention") ; ([ confer, compare Zend khshathro1-ka1mya,"wish for dominion."]) | | | kaṇḍūya | Nom. P. A1. kaṇḍūy/ati-, -te-, to scratch, scrape, rub etc. ; to itch, : Passive voice kaṇḍūyate-, to be scratched : Desiderative kaṇḍūyiyiṣati- vArttika on | | | kaṇūkaya | Nom. P. (present tense parasmE-pada f. kaṇūkay/antī-) to desire to utter words (of blame or censure) | | | kanyā | f. See kany/ā- below; ([ confer, compare Zend kainin; Hibernian or Irish cain,"chaste, undefiled."]) | | | kārśmarī | f. Name of a plant (equals kārṣmary/a-, kāśmarī-) | | | kārśya | m. Name of a plant (equals kārṣya-, kārṣmary/a-) | | | kāś | cl.1 A1. kāśate- (perf. cakāśe-,3. plural śire-), to be visible, appear etc. ; to shine, be brilliant, have an agreeable appearance : cl.4. kāśyate- : Intensive P. A1. c/ākaśīti-, cākaśy/ate-, to shine brightly ; to see clearly, survey Va1rtt. 1 | | | kauravyāyaṇa | m. patronymic fr. vy/a-, descendant of kauravya- | | | kauravyāyaṇī | f. of kauravy/a- | | | kauravyāyaṇi | m. patronymic fr. vy/a- gaRa tikādi-. | | | kavya | mfn. (equals kavi- on ) wise (at read kavy/āḥ-) | | | kavyatā | (kavy/a--) f. the state of a sage, wisdom | | | khai | cl.1 P. khāyati-, to make firm ; to be firm or steady ; to strike, injure, kill ; (derived fr. khāy/ate- Passive voice of khan-) to dig ; to mourn, sorrow | | | khan | cl.1 P. kh/anati- (imperfect tense /akhanat-; perf. cakhāna-,3. plural cakhnur- ; A1. cakhne- ; pr. p. A1. kh/anamāna- ; imperative khanatāt- [ ]; Potential khanyāt-or khāyāt- ; Passive voice khāy/ate-[ ] or khanyate- ; infinitive mood khanitum- ), to dig, dig up, delve, turn up the soil, excavate, root up etc. ; to pierce (said of an arrow) (varia lectio): Causal khānayati- (once khan- ), to cause to dig or dig up etc.: Desiderative cikhaniṣati- : Intensive caṅkhanyate- or cākhāyate- ; caṅkhanti- or cākhāti- ([ confer, compare, ; Old German gine1m,gino1m; modern German ga0hne; Anglo-Saxon cina,cinan; Latin cuniculus,canalis.]) | | | kiyāmbu | m. a kind of aquatic plant (equals ky/āmbū-) | | | kiyat | mfn. little, small, unimportant, of small value (often in compound, exempli gratia, 'for example' kiyad-vakra-,a little bent commentator or commentary on ; kiyad api-,how large or how far soever ; y/āvat k/iyac ca-,how large or how much soever, of what qualities soever ) | | | koṇeya | See kauṇey/a-. | | | koṇeyana | See kauṇey/a-. | | | kośya | au- or e- (?) m. or n. (?) dual number two lumps of flesh near the heart of a sacrificial horse (see ni-kośy/a-.) | | | kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) | | | kram | cl.1 P. A1. kr/āmati- (; Epic also kramati-), kramate- ( , Epic also krāmate-;according to cl.4 P. krāmyati-[ kramyati- ]; Aorist akramīt- etc.; A1. kr/amiṣṭa-, kraṃsate-[ ] , 3. plural c/akramanta-[ ]; perf. cakrāma-,or cakrame-; parasmE-pada cakramāṇ/a- ; future kramiṣyati-or kraṃsyate- ind.p. krāntvā-, krantvā-,or kramitvā- ), to step, walk, go, go towards, approach (with /accha-, /adhi- accusative or locative case) etc. ; to approach in order to ask for assistance (with locative case) ; to go across, go over etc. ; Ved. to climb (as on a tree's branch) ; to cover (in copulation) ; to stretch over, project over, tower above, (ind.p. krāntvā-) ; to take possession of ; A1. to undertake, strive after, make effort for (dative case) ; (locative case) ; A1. () to proceed well, advance, make progress, gain a footing, succeed, have effect ; to be appliable or practicable ; P. to be liable to the peculiar arrangement of a Vedic text called krama- (id est to be doubled, as a letter or word) ; A1. to read according to the krama- arrangement of a Vedic text (a-krānta-): Causal P. kramayati-, to cause to step ; kramayati- or krām-, to make liable to the peculiar arrangement called krama- (id est to double a letter or word) etc.: Intensive caṅkramyate- ( ; parasmE-pada caṅ-kramy/amāṇa-[ ]or kramam- and ) or caṅkramīti- (; imperfect tense 2. plural caṅkramata- ; future parasmE-pada caṅkramiṣy/at- ; ind.p. mitvā- ; see mit/a-), to step to and fro, walk or wander about. | | | krand | cl.1 P. A1. kr/andati-, krandate- (varia lectio kradate-fr. krad- ; subjunctive kr/andat-; imperfect tense krandat-and /akrandat-; Aorist 2. sg. kradas-, cakradas-,and /akrān-,3. sg. akrān-and /akrān-; akrandīt- ; parasmE-pada kr/andat-), to neigh (as a horse), roar (metaphorically applied to the clouds and to wind and water) ; to creak (as a wheel) ; to sound, make a noise ; to cry piteously, weep, lament, grieve, be confused with sorrow etc. ; to call out piteously to any one (accusative) (perf. cakranda-) : Causal krandayati- (Aorist /acikradat-,3. plural dan-), to cause to roar ; to cause to weep or lament ; to roar, rave ; to neigh after (accusative) : Intensive P. k/anikrantti- (A1. ntte- ; parasmE-pada k/anikradat-,once k/anikrat- ; parasmE-pada A1. kanikrady/amana- ) , to neigh, roar, rave, cry out ; to creak, crackle ; ([ confer, compare Gothic gre1ta,"to lament."]) | | | kratūya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to exert the intellect | | | kṛpaṇya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to wish, desire, pray for ; = arc- | | | kṛpaya | Nom. P. parasmE-pada y/at-, only genitive case sg. (m.) yat/as- See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. kṛp-. | | | kṛpāya | Nom. A1. yate- (Potential yīta-), to mourn, grieve, lament ; to have pity : P. y/ati-, to praise (see kṛpaṇy/u-) | | | kṛtvarī | f. plural (īs-) Ved. (equals kṛty/ās-) the magic powers | | | kṛtyārūpa | (ty/ā--) mfn. looking like a phantom | | | kṣaitrajña | n. (fr. kṣetra-jñ/a- gaRa yuvādi-), spirituality, nature of the soul | | | kṣam | f. (Nominal verb kṣ/ās- accusative kṣ/ām- instrumental case kṣam/ā-once jm/ā-[ ] dative case kṣe-[? ], genitive case ablative gm/as-, jm/as-,once kṣm/as-[ ], locative case kṣ/ami-; dual number Nominal verb kṣ/āmā-[ ; see dy/āva-kṣ/āmā-]; plural Nominal verb kṣāmas-[ ; kṣ/āmīs-fr. mi- ], kṣ/ās-[ ] accusative kṣ/ās-[ ] locative case kṣ/āsu- ) the ground, earth, | | | kṣaya | m. an abode, dwelling-place, seat, house (see uru--and su-kṣ/aya-, rātha--, divikṣay/a-) | | | kṣayya | See a-kṣayy/a-. | | | kṣayya | mfn. See also a-kṣayy/a-. | | | kṣetravid | mfn. (equals -jñ/a-) familiar with localities (also Comparative degree -v/it-tara-, ) | | | kṣetrī | f. only dative case triy/ai- for triy/āt- () | | | kṣi | cl.2.6.P. kṣ/eti-, kṣiy/ati- ; (3. dual number kṣit/as-,3. plural kṣiyanti-; subjunctive 2. sg. kṣayat-,2. sg. kṣ/ayas-,3. dual number kṣayatas-,1. plural kṣ/ayāma-; pr. p. kṣiy/at-; Aorist subjunctive kṣeṣat-; future parasmE-pada kṣeṣy/at-), to abide, stay, dwell, reside (used especially of an undisturbed or secret residence) ; to remain, be quiet ; to inhabit ; to go, move (kṣ/iyati-) : Causal (imperative 2. sg. kṣay/ayā-; subjunctive kṣepayat-) to make a person live quietly ; ([ confer, compare Greek .]) | | | kṣi | cl.1 P. kṣayati- (only once ) cl.5 P. kṣiṇoti- ( etc.;1. sg. kṣiṇ/omi- for ṇ/āmi-of ) cl.9 P. kṣiṇ/āti- (3. plural kṣiṇ/anti-; perf. 3. dual number cikṣiyatur- on ), to destroy, corrupt, ruin, make an end of (accusative), kill, injure etc.: Passive voice kṣīy/ate- (;3. plural kṣ/īyante- ; Aorist subjunctive kṣeṣṭa-[ ] or kṣāyi- ; Conditional akṣeṣyata- ), to be diminished, decrease, wane (as the moon) , waste away, perish etc. ; to pass (said of the night) : Causal P. kṣapayati- (future yiṣyati-), rarely A1. te- ( ) , very rarely kṣayayati- ( edition Calc.) , to destroy, ruin, make an end of (accusative), finish etc. ; to weaken ; to pass (as the night or time, kṣapām-, pās-, kālam-) ; ([ see , etc.]) | | | kṣiti | f. estates (see uru--and su-kṣit/i-, dhāray/at--, dhruv/a--, bhava--, raṇa--, samara--.) | | | kulya | 1. kuly/ā-. See k/ula-. | | | kulya | mfn. (fr. 2. kuly/ā-), presiding over a river (as a deity) | | | kumbyā | or kumby/ā- f. a precept in form of a verse or formula | | | kva | ind. y/atra kv/a-ca- idem or 'ind. yatra kvāpi-, wherever, in whatsoever place ' | | | kyāmbū | f. equals kiy/āmbu- (kyāmb/ū-). | | | labh | (confer, compare rabh-) cl.1 A1. () labhate- (Epic also ti-and lambhate-; perfect tense lebh/e-, Epic also lalābha-; Aorist alabdha-, alapsata- ; preceding lapsīya- ; future labdhā- grammar; lapsyate-, ti- etc.; labhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood labdhum- ; ind.p. labdhv/ā- etc.; -labhya-, -lambham- etc.; lābham- ), to take, seize, catch ; catch sight of, meet with, find etc. etc. (with antaram-,to find an opportunity, make an impression, be effective;with avakāśam-,to find scope, be appropriate;with kālam-,to find the right time or moment) ; to gain possession of, obtain, receive, conceive, get, receive ("from" ablative;"as" accusative), recover (with garbham-,"to conceive an embryo","become pregnant";with padam-,to obtain a footing) ; to gain the power of (doing anything), succeed in, be permitted or allowed to (infinitive mood or dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' labhate draṣṭum-,or darśanāya-,"he is able or allowed to see") etc. ; to possess, have ; to perceive, know, understand, learn, find out : Passive voice labhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist alābhi-or alambhi-,with preposition only alambhi-; confer, compare ), to be taken or caught or met with or found or got or obtained etc. ; to be allowed or permitted (infinitive mood sometimes with pass. sense exempli gratia, 'for example' nādharmo labhyate kartum-,"injustice ought not to be done", confer, compare above) ; to follow, result ; to be comprehended by (ablative) : Causal lambhayati-, te- (Aorist alalambhat-), to cause to take or receive or obtain, give, bestow (generally with two accusative;rarely with accusative and instrumental case = to present with;in with two accusative and instrumental case; confer, compare ) etc. ; to get, procure (confer, compare lambhita-) ; to find out, discover ; to cause to suffer ; Desiderative l/ipsate- (mc. also ti- līpsate-), to wish to seize or take or catch or obtain or receive (with accusative or genitive case;"from" ablative) : Intensive lālabhyate-, lālambhīti- or lālabdhi- grammar ([ Greek , ; Latin labor; Lithuanian la4bas, l/obis-.]) | | | laghūya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to think lightly of, despise | | | lelāya | (either a kind of Intens |
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