n. an irregular combination of consonants id est the combination of the fourth letter of gutturals, cerebrals, etc. with the first or third letter, of the second with the first letter, and of the third with the second letter of those classes of consonants.
cl.2 P./atti-, āda-, atsyati-, attum-, to eat, consume, devour, Vedic or Vedainfinitive mood/attave- : Causalād/ayati- and te- (once adayate-[ ]) to feed ([ confer, compareLithuanian edmi; Slavonic or Slavonian jamjforjadmj; Greek ; Latin edo; Gothic rootAT present tense ita; German essen; English toeat, Armorican or the language of Brittany utem]).
cl.7.P. A1. () bhin/atti-, bhintte- (imperfect tense 2. 3. sg./abhinat-; subjunctivebhin/aadaḥ-; imperativebindh/i-; binddhi- [ confer, comparebinddhi-lavaṇā-];cl.1. P.bh/edati-; Potentialbhideyam-; perfect tensebibh/eda-; Aorist , 2. 3. sg.bh/et-abhaitsīt-; bhitthās-; precedingbhitsīṣṭa-grammar; futurebhetsy/ati-, te- etc.; Conditionalabhetsyat-; futurebhettā-grammar; infinitive moodbh/ettav/ai-; bhettum- etc.; ind.p.bhittv/ā-, -bhidya- etc.) , to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy etc.,; to pass through (as a planet or, comet) ; to disperse (darkness) ; to transgress, violate, (a compact or alliance) etc. ; to open, expand ; to loosen, disentangle, dissolve etc. ; to disturb, interrupt, stop ; to disclose, betray etc. ; to disunite, set at variance ; to distinguish, discriminate : Passive voicebhidy/ate- (Epic also ti-Aoristabhedi- etc.; perfect tensebibhide-), to be split or broken, burst (intrans.) etc. ; to be opened (as a closed hand, eyes etc.) ; to overflow (as water) ; to be loosened, become loose ; to be stopped or interrupted ; to be disclosed or betrayed ; to be changed or altered (in mind), be won over ; to be disunited ; to keep aloof from (instrumental case) ; to be distinguished, differ from (ablative) etc.: Causalbhedayati-, te- (Aoristabībhidat-; confer, compare also bhidāpana-), to cause to split or break etc. ; to split, break, shatter, crush, destroy ; to separate, divide (Seebhedita-) ; to disunite, set at variance, perplex, unsettle (in opinion), seduce, win over : Desiderativeb/ibhitsati-, te-, to wish to break through or disperse or defeat (confer, compare, bibhitsā-): Desiderative of CausalSeebibhedayiṣu-: Intensivebebhidīti- or bebhetti-, to cleave repeatedly [ confer, compareLatin findo; German beissen; English bite.]
cl.7. (imperativechṛṇattu-,2. sg.chṛndhi-; future, chardiṣyati-and chartsy-; perfect tensecaccharda-,3. pluralcchṛdur-, Va1rtt. 3) to vomit ; to utter, leave ; P. A1. (chṛntte-) to shine ; to play : cl.1.chardati- (varia lectiorpati-) to kindle, : Causalchardayati-idem or 'f.see ' (varia lectiorpay-) ; to cause to flow over ; to vomit, eject (with or without accusative) ; to cause to spit or vomit ; A1. to vomit : Desiderativecicchardiṣati- and cchṛtsati- : CausalDesiderativecicchardayiṣati-, Va1rtt. 2 ; seeā--, pra--.
the thirty-third and last consonant of the nāgarī- alphabet (in pāṇini-'s system belonging to the guttural class, and usually pronounced like the Englishhinhard;it is not an original letter, but is mostly derived from an older gh-,rarely from dh-or bh-).
mfn. (iv, 3, 62) belonging to or uttered from the root of the tongue (viz. ṛ-, ḷ-,the guttural class of consonants, but especially the visarga- before k-and kh-) Va1rtt. 1.
mfn. belonging to the throat, pronounced from the throat, guttural (as sounds;they are, according to the prātiśākhya-s, a-, ā-, h-,and the jihvāmūlīya- [or visarjanīya-];according to the commentator or commentary on , a-, ā-, k-, kh-, g-, gh-, ṅ-and h-;according to also e-)
(confer, comparemand-) cl.4 P. () m/ādyati- (Epic also te-; Vedic or Veda alsocl.1. P. A1.madati-, te-;cl.3. P.mam/atti-, ttu-, mam/adat-, /amamaduḥ-; Vedic or Vedaimperativem/atsi-, sva-; perfect tensemam/āda-; Aoristamādiṣuḥ-, amatsuḥ-, amatta-; subjunctivem/atsati-, sat-; futuremaditā-, madiṣyati-grammar; Vedic or Vedainfinitive moodmaditos-), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instrumental casegenitive caselocative case,rarely accusative), be drunk (also figuratively) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors) ; to boil, bubble (as water) ; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire : Causalmād/ayati-, te- (; Aorist/amīmadat-or amamadat-; Vedic or Vedainfinitive moodmaday/adhyai-), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire etc. ; (A1.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease ; (A1.) to enjoy heavenly bliss : Desiderativemimadiṣati-grammar : Intensivemāmadyate-, māmatti- ([Perhaps originally "to be moist"; confer, compareGreek ; Latin madere.])
(confer, comparemrad-and mṛḍ-) cl.9 P.mṛdnāti- (cl.1. P. A1.m/ardati-, te-; confer, compare; perfect tenseP.mamarda-,3. pluralmamṛduh-.or mamarduḥ-A1.mamṛde-; Aorist, amaradīt-grammar; future, mardiṣyati-, te-; infinitive moodmarditum-; tos-; -mrad/e-; ind.p., mriditvā-; m/ṛdya- etc.; -mardam-), to press, squeeze, crush, pound, smash, trample down, tread upon, destroy, waste, ravage, kill, slay etc. ; to rub, stroke, wipe (exempli gratia, 'for example' the forehead) ; to rub into, mingle with (instrumental case) ; to rub against, touch, pass through (a constellation) ; to overcome, surpass : Causalmardayati- (mc. also te-; Aoristamīmridat-or amamardat-), to press or squeeze hard, crush, break, trample down, oppress, torment, plague, destroy, kill etc. ; to rub ; to cause to be trampled down : Desiderativemimardiṣati-, to desire to crush or pound Intensivemarmartti- (only imperativettu-), to crush, grind down, destroy ; marīmartti- and marimṛdyate-grammar ([ confer, compareGreek and under mṛdu-.])
(chid-; infinitive mood-cchettum-ind.p.-cchidya-), to cut on both sides, clip round, cut through or off or to pieces, mutilate etc. ; to mow or reap (corn), ; to limit on all sides, define or fix accurately, discriminate, decide, determine ; to separate, divide, part ; to avert, obviate
cl.6 P. () riphati- (parasmE-pada-rephat-; perfect tenserirepha-etc. grammar; ind.p.rephitvā-), to snarl ; (only ) to speak or boast (kathane-or katthane-) ; to blame ; to fight ; to give ; to hurt, kill (seerimph-): Passive voiceriphyate-, to be murmured or spoken in a guttural or burring manner (like the letter r-) ; to have or take the pronunciation of the letter r- (seerepha-).
cl.1.6.A1. () śīyate- (confer, compare; P.in non-conjugational tenses, ; perfect tenseśaśada-, śeduḥ-; futureśatsyati-; Aoristaśadat-grammar; futureśattā-; infinitive moodśattum-), to fall, fall off or out : Causalśādayati-, to impel, drive on (cattle) ; śāt/ayati-, te- (confer, compare) , to cause to fall off or out or asunder, hew or cut off, knock out etc. ; to fell, throw down, slay, kill ; to disperse, dispel, remove, destroy : Desiderativeśiśatsati-grammar : Intensiveśāśadyate-, śāśatti- [ confer, compare, according to to some, Latin cedo.]
cl.1. or cl.6. P. () sīdati- (Epic also te-;Ved. s/adati-or s/īdati-, te-; perfect tensesas/āda-, sas/attha-, sed/us-, sedir/e-; sīdatus-; sasadyāt-. ; Aoristasadat-[ confer, comparepresent tensestem-] grammar;2. 3. sg.s/atsi-, s/atsat-; asādīt-; futuresattā-grammar; satsyati-; sīdiṣyati-; infinitive moods/ade-; sattum-; sīditum-; ind.p.-s/adya-, -s/adam-; -sādam-), to sit down (especially at a sacrifice), sit upon or in or at (accusative or locative case) ; to sit down before, besiege, lie in wait for, watch (accusative) ; to sink down, sink into despondency or distress, become faint or wearied or dejected or low-spirited, despond, despair, pine or waste away, perish etc. : Passive voicesadyate- (Aoristasādi-, sādi-) : Causalsād/ayati-, te- (Aoristasīṣadat-), to cause to sit down or be seated, place down, put upon or in (locative case) etc. ; to put in distress, afflict, weary, exhaust, ruin, destroy etc.: Desiderativesiṣatsati-grammar : Intensivesāsadyate- (grammar also sāsatti-), to sit down in an indecent posture [ confer, compareGreek for ; Latin sidere,sedere; Lithuanian se4sti,sede4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian se8sti; Gothic sitan; German sitzen; Anglo-Saxon sittan; English sit.]
mfn. (see on ) able, capable (mostly used with na-,and giving a pass. sense to the infinitive moodexempli gratia, 'for example'na śakitaṃ-chettum-,it could not be cut;also impersonal or used impersonallyexempli gratia, 'for example'na śakitaṃ tena-,he was not able)
mf(ā-)n. able, possible, practicable, capable of being (with infinitive mood in pass. sense exempli gratia, 'for example'na sā śakyā netum balāt-,"she cannot be conducted by force"; tan mayā śakyam pratśpattum-,"that is able to be acquired by me";the form śakyam-may also be used with a Nominal verb case which is in a different gender or number exempli gratia, 'for example'śakyaṃ śva-māṃsādibhir api kṣut pratihantum-,"hunger can be appeased even by dog's flesh etc."; see) etc.
(ud-chid-) P.-chinatti- (imperative 2. sg.-chindhi-; infinitive moodchettum-; -chettav/ai-) to cut out or off, extirpate, destroy etc. ; to interfere, interrupt, stop etc. ; to analyze, resolve (knotty points or difficulties) ; to explain ([ ]) : CausalP.-chedayati-, to cause to extirpate or destroy : Passive voice-chidyate-, to be cut off ; to be destroyed or extirpated ; to be interrupted or stopped ; to cease, be deficient, fail
m. (especially) any series or group of words classified together (as manuṣya-vanas-pati-v-etc.), or a class or series of consonants in the alphabet (seven such classes being given, viz. ka-varga-,"the class of Guttural letters"ca-kāra-v-,or ca-v-,"the Palatals"; ṭa-v-"the Cerebrals"; ta-v-"the Dentals"; pa-v-"the Labials"; ya-v-"the Semivowels"; śa-v-"the Sibilants", and the aspirate h-seevarga-dvitīya-and -prathama-)
mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') idem or 'mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') belonging to the class or category or family or party of ' (exempli gratia, 'for example'ka-vargīya-,a guttural, pa-vargīya-,a palatal Scholiast or Commentator; seeartha--, mad-v-etc.)
cl.2 P. () vetti- (vidmahe-; vedati-, te-; vid/ati-, te- etc.; vindati-, te- etc.; imperativevidāṃ-karotu- [ confer, compare ];1. sg.imperfect tenseavedam-,2. sg.avet-or aves-[ ] etc.;3. pluralavidus- [ confer, compare ]; avidan- etc.; perfect tensev/eda-[often substituted for propervetti-confer, compare ], 3. pluralvid/us-or vidre-; viveda- etc.; vidāṃcak/āra- etc.[ confer, compare; according to to also vidām-babhūva-]; Aoristavedīt-; vidām-akran-; futurevedit/ā-; vettā-futurevediṣyati-, te-; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive moodv/editum-, tos-; vettum- etc.; ind.p.viditv/ā- etc.), to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of, have a correct notion of (with accusative,in older, language also with genitive case;with infinitive mood = to know how to) etc. (viddhi yathā-,"know that"; vidyāt-,"one should know","it should be understood"; ya evam veda-[in ],"who knows thus","who has this knowledge") ; to know or regard or consider as, take for, declare to be, call (especially in 3. pluralvidus-,with two accusative or with accusative and Nominal verb with iti-, exempli gratia, 'for example'taṃ sthaviraṃ viduḥ-,"they consider or call him aged"; rājarṣir iti māṃ viduḥ-,"they consider me a rājarṣi-") etc. ; to mind, notice, observe, remember (with genitive case or accusative) ; to experience, feel (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to wish to know, inquire about (accusative) : Causalved/ayate- (rarely ti-; Aoristavīvidat-; Passive voicevedyate-), to make known, announce, report, tell etc. ; to teach, explain ; to recognize or regard as, take for (two accusative) etc. ; to feel, experience etc.: Desiderative of Causal in vivedayiṣu-q.v : Desiderativevividiṣati- or vivitsati-, to wish to know or learn, inquire about (acc) : Intensivevevidyate-, vevetti-grammar ([ confer, compareGreek for , for equalsveda-; Latin videre; Slavonic or Slavonian ve8de8ti; Gothic witan,wait; German wizzan,wissen; Anglo-Saxon wa7t; English wot.])
(originally identical with1. vid-) cl.6 P. A1. () vind/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also vitt/e-, vid/e-; parasmE-padavidān/a-or vidāna-[ q.v ]; Epic 3. pluralvindate-Potentialvindyāt-,often equalsvidyāt-; perfect tenseviv/eda-[3. pluralvividus-subjunctivevividat-], vividv/as-,3. pluralvividre-, vidr/e- etc.; parasmE-padavividv/as-; vividivas-; Aorist/avidat-, data- [ Vedic or Vedasubjunctivevid/āsi-, d/āt-; Potentialvid/et-, deta-;3. sg.videṣṭa- ]; A1.1. sg.avitsi-; futurevettā-, vediṣyati-grammar; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive moodvid/e-; vettum- etc.; v/ettave-; ttavai-[?] and tos-; ind.p.vittv/ā-; -vidya- etc.) , to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess etc. etc. (with diśas-,to find out the quarters of she sky ) ; to get or procure for (dative case) ; to seek out, look for, attend to etc. ; to feel, experience ; to consider as, take for (two accusative) ; to come upon, befall, seize, visit ; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce ; (A1.mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scilicetbhāryām-) etc. ; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman) ; to obtain (a son, with or scilicetsutam-) : Passive voice or A1.vidy/ate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-padavidyamāna-[ q.v ]; Aoristavedi-), to be found, exist, be etc. ; (especially in later language) vidyate-,"there is, there exists", often with na-,"there is not" ; with bhoktum-,"there is something to eat" ; followed by a future ,"is it possible that?" ; yathā-vid/e-,"as it happens" id est "as usual","as well as possible" : Causalvedayati-, to cause to find etc. : Desiderativevividiṣati- or vivitsati-, te-grammar (seevivitsita-): Intensivevevidyate-, vevetti- (for parasmE-padav/evidat-and dāna-Seevi--and saṃvid-).
(sad-) P.-ṣīdati- (imperfect tense Class. vy-aṣīdat-,Ved. vya-ṣīdat-,or vy-asīdat-; perfect tensevi-ṣasāda-; infinitive mood-ṣattum-or -ṣīditum-), to be exhausted or dejected, despond, despair etc. ; to sink down, be immersed in (locative case) (perhaps vi-ṣeduḥ-wrong reading for ni-ṣ-): Causal-ṣādayati-, to cause to despond or despair, vex, grieve, afflict ; Bombay edition etc.
m. the rule of the poison-tree (denoting that as a tree ought not to be cut down by the rearer of it so a noxious object should not be destroyed by the producer of it; see, viṣa-vṛkṣo 'pi saṃvardhya svayaṃ chettum asāmpratam-)
उच्चारणम् 1 Pronunciation, utterance; वाचः Śik. 2; वेद˚. -2 Declaration, announcement, enunciation. -3 Lifting up; स्कन्धोच्चारणनम्यमानवदनप्रच्योतितोये घटे Pratima.1.5. -Comp. -अर्थ a. 1 useful for pronunciation. -2 necessary for pronunciation, such as a redundant letter only used to facilitate pronunciation. -ज्ञः a linguist. उच्चारणज्ञो$थ गिरा दधानम् Śi.4.18. -स्थानम् the part of the throat from which certain sounds (such as nasals, gutturals &c.) issue.
क् Jivhāmūlīya letter occurring before the guttural क् or ख् and written as ( क्, ख्).
प् Upadhmānīya letter occurring before the labial प् or फ् and written also ( प्, फ्); These are called अर्धविसर्ग.
of dry medicinal billets चूर्ण. (3) Decoction of medicinal herbs (कषाय). (4) Decoction mixed with medicinal powder (अवलेह). (5) A medicine to be pounded like condiment (कल्क). -पञ्चामृतं गुडूची, गोक्षुर, मुसली, मुण्डी, शतावरी. -प्रतिनिधिः A substitute for a herb which cannot be secured.
कण्टकः कम् 1 A thorn; पादलग्नं करस्थेन कण्टकेनैव कण्टकं (उद्धरेत्) Chāṇ.22; कण्टकेनैव कण्टकम् (उन्मूलयेत्) Pt.4.18 -2 A prickle, a sting; यः कण्टकैर्वितुदति Y.3.53. -3 The point of anything. -4 (Fig.) Any troublesome fellow who is, as it were, a thorn to the state and an enemy of order and good government; उत्खातलोकत्रयकण्टके$पि R.14.73; त्रिदिवमुद्धृतदानवकण्टकम् Ś.7.3; Ms.9.26; Mv.7.8. -5 (Hence) Any source of vexation or annoyance, nuisance; कण्टकानां च शोधनात् Ms.9.253. -6 Horripilation, erection of hair, thrill. -7 A finger-nail. -8 A vexing speech. -9 A fish-bone; अन्धो मत्स्या- निवाश्नाति स नरः कण्टकैः सह Ms.8.95. -1 A sharp stinging pain, symptom of a disease. -11 (In Nyāya philosophy) Refutation of arguments, detection of error. -12 Impediment, obstacle. -13 The first, fourth, seventh, and tenth lunar mansions. -14 A vexing or injurious speech; Mb.1. -कः A bamboo; some other tree (Mar. बेल, बाभळ, हिंगणबेट) फलकं परिधानश्च तथा कण्टक- वस्त्रधृक् Mb.12.33.14; see कण्टकद्रुम. -2 A work-shop, manufactory. -3 Fault, defect; निर्धूतवाक्यकण्टकाम् Mb.12.167.5. -4 N. of Makara or the marine monster, the symbol of the god of love. -की A kind of वार्ताकी. -फलः See कण्टकफल. -Comp. -अग्रः a kind of lizard. -अशनः, -भक्षकः, -भुज् m. a camel. -अष्ठीलः a kind of fish (having many bones). -आगारः a kind of worm. -आढ्यः a kind of tree. -उद्धरणम् 1 (lit.) extracting thorns, weeding. -2 (fig.) removing annoyances, extirpating thieves and all such sources of public annoyance; कण्टकोद्धरणे नित्यमातिष्ठेद्यत्नमुत्तमम् Ms.9.252. -द्रुमः 1 a tree with thorns, a thorny bush; भवन्ति नितरां स्फीताः सुक्षेत्रे कण्टकद्रुमाः Mk.9.7. -2 the Śālmali tree or silk-cotton-tree (Mar. सांवरी). -प्रावृटा Aloe Perfoliata (Mar. कोरफड). -फलः 1 the bread-fruit tree, Panasa tree. -2 the गोक्षुर plant. -3 the castor-oil tree. -4 the Dhattūra tree. -5 a term applicable to any plant the fruit of which is invested with a hairy or thorny coat. -मर्दनम् suppressing disturbance. -युक्त a. having thorns, thorny. -विशोधनम् extirpating every source of disturbance or trouble; राज्यकण्टकविशोधनोद्यतः Vikr.5.1. -वृन्ताकी a species of nightshade with thorny leaves (वार्ताकी). -श्रेणिः, -णी f. 1 the Solanum Jacquini. -2 a porcupine.
कण्ठः ण्ठम् 1 Throat; कण्ठे निपीडयन् मारयति Mk.8. कण्ठः स्तम्भितबाष्पवृत्तिकलुषः Ś.4.6; कण्ठेषु स्खलितं गते$पि शिशिरे पुंस्कोकिलानां रुतम् 6.4. -2 The neck; अयं कण्ठे बाहुः U.1. कण्ठाश्लेषपरिग्रहे शिथिलता Pt.4.6; कण्ठाश्लेषप्रणयिनि जने किं पुनर्दूरसंस्थे Me.3,99,114; Amaru.19.57; Ku.5.57. -3 Sound, tone, voice; सा मुक्तकण्ठं चक्रन्द R.14.68; किमिदं किन्नरकण्ठि सुप्यते 8.64; आर्यपुत्रो$पि प्रमुक्तकण्ठं रोदिति U.3. -4 The neck or brim of a vessel &c. -5 Vicinity, immediate proximity (as in उपकण्ठ). -6 The opening of the womb. -7 A bud on a stalk. -8 The space of an inch from the edge of the hole in which sacrificial fire is deposited. -9 The मदन tree. -1 Guttural sound. -Comp. -अग्निः a bird (digesting in the throat or gizzard). -अवसक्त a. clinging to the neck. -आगत a. come to the throat (as the breath or soul of a dying person). -आभरणम् a neck-ornament, necklace; परि- क्षितं काव्यसुवर्णमेतल्लोकस्य कण्ठाभरणत्वमेतु Vikr.1.24; cf. names like सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरण. -आश्लेषः Neck-embrace;
Me.3; कण्ठाश्लेषपरिग्रहे शिथिलता Pt.4.6; ˚उपगूढ Bh.3.28. -उक्ताम् personal testimony. -कुब्जः a kind of fever. -कूणिका the Indian lute. -ग a. reaching or extending to the throat; हृद्गाभिः पूयते विप्रः कण्ठगाभिस्तु भूमिपः Ms.2.62. -गत a. 1 being at or in the throat, coming to the throat; i. e. on the point of departing; न वदेद्यावनीं भाषां प्राणैः कण्ठगतैरपि Subhāṣ; Pt.1.296. -2 approaching or reaching the throat. -तटः, -तटम्, -टी the side of the neck. -तला- सिका the leather or rope passing round the neck of a horse. -त्रः A necklace; शुक्लकेयूरकण्ठत्राः Mb.5. 143.39. -दघ्न a. reaching to the neck. -नालम् Stalklike throat, a throat, neck; कण्ठनालादपातयत् R.15.52. also. -नाली, -नडिकः a kite. -नीलकः a large lamp or torch, a whisp of lighted straw &c. (Mar. मशाल). -पाशः, -पाशकः 1 a rope tied round an elephant's neck. -2 a halter in general. -बन्धः a rope for an elephant's neck. -भूषणम्, -भूषा a short necklace; विदुषां कण्ठभूषात्वमेतु Vikr.18.12. -भङ्गः Stammering. -मणिः 1 a jewel worn on the neck. -2 (fig.) a dear or beloved object. -3 Thyroid Cartilage. -रोधम् Stopping or lowering the voice. -लग्न a. 1 clinging to the throat. -2 suspended round the neck. -3 throwing the arms round the neck (in embraces); कण्ठेलग्ना. -लता 1 a collar. -2 a horse's halter. -वर्तिन् a. being at or in the throat, i. e. on the point of departing; ˚प्राणैः R. 12.54. -शालुकम् a hard tumour in the throat. -शुण्डी swelling of the tonsils. -शोषः (lit.) 1 drying up or parching of the throat. -2 (fig.) fruitless expostulation. -सज्जनम् hanging on, by, or round the neck. -सूत्रम् a kind of embrace; (thus defined :-- यत्कुर्वते वक्षसि वल्लभस्य स्तनाभिघातं निबिडोपगृहात् । परिश्रमार्थं शनकैर्विदग्धा- स्तत्कण्ठसूत्रं प्रवदन्ति सन्तः ॥); कण्ठसूत्रमपदिश्य योषितः R.19.32. -स्थ a. 1 being in the throat. -2 guttural (as a letter). -3 being in the mouth, ready to be repeated by rote. -4 learnt and ready to be repeated.
कण्ठ्य a. 1 Relating or suitable to, or being at, the throat. -2 Guttural. -Comp. -वर्णः a guttural letter; namely अ, आ, क्, ख्, ग्, घ्, ङ् and ह्. -स्वरः a guttural vowel (अ and आ).
कनकम् Gold; कनकवलयं स्रस्तं स्रस्तं मया प्रतिसार्यते Ś.3.12; Me.2,39,67. -कः 1 The Palāś tree. -2 The Dhattūra tree (several other plants as गुग्गुळ, चन्दन, चम्पक &c.) -3 Mountain ebony. -Comp. -अङ्गदम् a gold bracelet. -अचलः, -अद्रिः, -गिरिः, -शैलः epithets of the mountain Sumeru; अधुना कुचौ ते स्पर्धेते किल कनकाचलेन सार्धम् Bv.2.9. -अध्यक्षः the treasurer. -आह्वः the धत्तूर tree. (-ह्वम्) = नागकेशर. -आलुका a golden jar or vase. -आह्वयः the Dhattūra tree. (-यम्) a flower. -कदली A species of plantain; क्रीडाशैलः कनककदलीवेष्टनप्रेक्षणीयः Me.79. -कारः A goldsmith. -क्षारः borax. -टङ्कः a golden hatchet. -दण्डम्, -दण्डकम् (golden-sticked) the royal parasol. -दण्डिका a golden sheath for a sword &c.; Mu.2. -निकषः a streak of gold (rubbed on a touch-stone). -पट्टम् Gold brocade cloth; पीतं कनक- पट्टाभं स्रस्तं तद्वसनं शुभम् Rām.5.15.45. -पत्रम् an earornament made of gold; जीवेति मङ्गलवचः परिहृत्य कोपात् कर्णे कृतं कनकपत्रमनालपन्त्या Ch. P.1. -परागः gold-dust. -पर्वतः The mountain Meru; Mb.12. -पलः a kind of fish. (-लम्) a weight of gold (equal to 16 Maṣakas or about 28 grains). -प्रभ a. bright as gold. (-भा) the महाज्योतिष्मती plant. -प्रसवा the स्वर्णकेतकी plant. -भङ्गः a piece of gold. -रम्भा the स्वर्णकदली plant. -रसः 1 a yellow orpiment. -2 fluid gold. -शक्तिः N. of Kārttikeya. -सूत्रम् a gold necklace; काक्या कनकसूत्रेण कृष्णसर्पो विनाशितः Pt.1.27. -स्थली 'a land of gold', gold mine.
कर्बु a. Variegated, spotted; कर्बुरूपाः (नीलाः) Y.3.166.
कर्बु (-र्वु) र a. 1 Variegated, or spotted; क्वचिल्लसद्- घननिकुरम्बकबुरः Śi.17.56. -2 Of the colour of pigeons, whitish, grey; पवनैर्भस्म कपोतकर्बुरम् Ku.4.27. -रः 1 The variegated colour. -2 Sin. -3 An evil spirit, demon. -4 The Dhattūra plant. -5 Rice growing amidst inundation. -रा N. of a plant (वर्वरी). -री An epithet of Durgā. -रम् 1 Gold. -2 Water. -3 The Dhattūra plant.
कर्बु (-र्वु) रित a. 1 Variegated, अवदग्धकर्बुरितकेतुचामरैः U.6.4; Śi.5.68.
काञ्चन a. (-नी f.) [काञ्च्-ल्युट्] Golden, made of gold; तन्मध्ये च स्फटिकफलका काञ्चनी वासयष्टिः Me.81; काञ्चनं वलयम् Ś.6.8; Ms.5.112. -नम् 1 Gold; समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनः Bg. 14.24. (ग्राह्यम्) अमेध्यादपि काञ्चनम् Ms.2.239. -2 Lustre, brilliancy. -3 Property, wealth, money. -4 The filament of a lotus. -5 Yellow orpiment. -6 A binding. -नः 1 The Dhattūra plant. -2 The Champaka tree. -नी 1 Turmeric. -2 Yellow orpiment. -Comp. -अङ्गी a woman with a golden (i. e. yellow) complexion; त्वं चेदञ्चसि काञ्चनाङ्गि वदनाम्भोजे विकासश्रियम् Bv.2.72. -कन्दरः a gold-mine. -गिरिः N. of the mountain Meru; Bhāg.5.16.28. -भूः f. 1 golden (yellow) soil. -2 gold-dust. -सन्धिः a treaty of alliance between two parties on terms of equality; cf. संगतः सन्धिरेवायं प्रकृष्टत्वात्सुवर्णवत् । तथान्यैः सन्धिकुशलैः काञ्चनः स उदाहृतः ॥ H.4.113.
कुहरम् 1 A cavity, hollow; as in नाभिकुहर, आस्य˚ &c. दधति कुहरभाजामत्र भल्लूकयूनामनुरसितगुरूणि स्त्यानमम्बूकृतानि Māl.9.6; Ve.1.22. -2 The ear. -3 The throat. -4 Proximity. -5 Copulation; प्रवृत्तकुहरपारावत ... &c. Dk.2.2. -6 A hole, rent. -7 A guttural sound. -रः A window, the interior window; कुहरा अभ्यन्तरगवाक्षाः Bṛi. S.56.2. B. P.13.5.27.
गाङ्गेय a. (-यी f.) Being in or on or of the Ganges; स्नातानां शुचिभिस्तोयैर्गाङ्गेयैः प्रयतात्मनाम् Mb.13.26.31. -यः 1 N. of Bhīṣma or Kārtikeya. -2 The Hilsa fish. -यम् 1 Gold. -2 The Musta grass. -3 The Dhattūra plant; गाङ्गेयः षण्मुखे भीष्मे जातरूपकशेरुणोः । मुस्तायां पुंनपुंसि स्यात् Nm.
गाङ्गेरी (-रिका) f. The N. of a plant (Mar. नागबला).
गाङ्गेरुः (-कः) The N. of a plant (Mar. तोरण, कांकडाचें झाड).
ग्रासः [ग्रस् कर्मणि घञ्] 1 A mouthful, a quantity of anything equal to a mouthful; Ms.3.133;6.28; Y.3.55. -2 Food, nourishment; ग्रासाच्छादनमात्रं तु दद्या- दिति निदर्शनम् Mb.12.165.63. -3 The part of the sun or the moon eclipsed. -4 The morsel bitten. -5 The act of swallowing. -6 Slurring, indistinct pronunciation; fault in a pronunciation of the gutturals. -7 (In geom.) A piece cut out by the intersection of two circles -8 An eclipse. -Comp. -आच्छादनम् food and clothing; i. e. bare subsistence; see ग्रास (2); Ms.9.22. -प्रमाणम् the size of a morsel. -शल्यम् any extraneous substance lodged in the throat. -ग्रासीकृ To swallow; ग्रासीकर्तुं प्रवृत्तो$भूदुत्थायाजगरो महान् Ks.9.57.
चाम्पेयः 1 The Champaka tree. -2 The Nāgakesara tree. -यम् 1 Filament, especially of a lotus flower. -2 Gold. -3 The Dhattura plant; m. (also in the last two senses).
जिह्वा 1 The tongue. -2 The tongue of fire i. e. a flame. -3 A sentence. -Comp. -आस्वादः licking, lapping. -उल्लेखनी, -उल्लेखनिका, -निर्लेखनम् a tonguescraper. -पः 1 a dog. -2 a cat. -3 a tiger. -4 a leopard. -5 a bear. -मलम् the fur of the tongue. -मूलम् the root of the tongue. -मूलीय a. a term particularly applied to the Visarga before क् and ख् and also to ऋ and लृ and the guttural class of consonants (in gram.) -रदः a bird. -लिह् m. a dog. -लौल्यम् greediness. -शल्यः the Khadira tree.
मत्त p. p. [मद्-क्त] 1 Intoxicated, drunk, inebriated (fig. also); Ms.11.96; मत्तं प्रमत्तमुन्मत्तं ...... न रिपुं हन्ति धर्मवित् Bhāg.1.7.36; ज्योत्स्नापानमदालसेन वपुषा मत्ताश्चकोरा- ङ्गनाः Vb.1.11; प्रभामत्तश्चन्द्रो जगदिदमहो विभ्रमयति K. P.1; so ऐश्वर्य˚, धन˚, बल˚ &c. -2 Mad, insane. -3 In rut, furious (as an elephant); जयश्रीरन्तरा वेदिर्मत्तवारणयोरिव R.12.93. -4 Proud, arrogant. -5 Delighted, overjoyed, excited with joy. -6 Amorous, sportive, wanton. -7 Excited by sexual desire. -त्तः 1 A drunkard. -2 A mad man. -3 An elephant in rut. -4 A cuckoo. -5 A buffalo. -6 The thorn-apple or Dhattūra plant. -त्ता Spirituous or vinous liquor. -Comp. -आक्रीडा N. of a metre; मत्ताक्रीडा म्नौ त्नौ नौ नल्गिति भवति वसुशरदशयनियुता V. Ratna. -आम्लवः a fence round a large building (as of a rich man). -इभः an elephant in rut. ˚गमना a woman having the gait of an elephant in rut, e. g. with a lounging gait. ˚विक्रीडितम् N. of a metre; सभरा न्मौ यलगास्त्रयोदशयतिर्मत्ते भविक्रीडितम् V. Ratna. -काशि(सि)नी a handsome and very fascinating woman; दर्शितो$सौ चित्रपटस्तस्यै मत्तकाशिन्यै Dk.2.3. -कीशः an elephant. -गामिनी = 1 मत्तेभगमना above. -2 a bewitching or wanton woman. -दन्तिन् m., -नागः an elephant in rut. -पालकः a drunken wretch; दास्याः पुत्र मत्तपालक कुतो$त्र नवमालिका Nāg.3. -मयूरः a wild or amorous peacock. (-रम्) a kind of metre; वेदैरन्ध्रैर्मत्तौ यसगा मत्तमयूरम् V. Ratna. -वारणः an elephant in rut; R.12.93. (-णः, -णम्) 1 a fence round a large building or mansion. -2 a turret or small room on the top of a large building. -3 a veranda. -4 a pavilion. -5 a peg or bracket. -6 a bed-stead. (-णम्) pounded betel-nuts.
मदन a. (-नी f.) [माद्यति अनेन, मद्-करणे ल्युट्] 1 Intoxicating, maddening. -2 Delighting, exhilarating. -नः 1 The god of love, Cupid; व्यापाररोधि मदनस्य निषेवितव्यम् Ś.1.27; हतमपि निहन्त्येव मदनः Bh.3.18. -2 Love, passion, sexual love, lust; विनयवारितवृत्तिरतस्तया न विवृतो मदनो न च संवृतः Ś.2.11; सतन्त्रिगीतं मदनस्य दीपकम् Ṛs.1.3; R.5.63; so मदनातुर, मदनपीडित &c. -3 The spring season. -4 A bee. -5 Bees'-wax. -6 A kind of embrace. -7 The Dhattūra plant. -8 The Khadira tree. -9 The Bakula tree. -1 N. of the 7th mansion (in astrol.). -11 A kind of measure (in music). -ना, -नी 1 Spirituous liquor. -2 Musk. -3 The atimukta creeper. (नी only in these two senses). -नम् 1 Intoxicating. -2 Gladdening, delighting. -Comp. -अग्रकः a species of grain (कोद्रव). -अङ्कुशः 1 the penis. -2 a finger-nail, or a wound inflicted by it in cohabitation. -अत्ययः excess of intoxication; मद्येन खलु जायन्ते मदात्ययमुखा गदाः Bhāva. P. -अन्तकः, -अरिः, -दमनः, -दहनः, -नाशनः, -रिपुः epithets of Śiva. -अवस्थ a. in love, enamoured. -आतपत्रम् the vulva. -आतुर, -आर्त, -क्लिष्ट, -पीडित a. afflicted by love, smit with love, love-sick; रावणावरजा तत्र राघवं मदनातुरा (अभिपेदे) R.12.32; Ś.3.13. -आयुधम् 1 pudendum muliebre. -2 'Cupid's missle', said of a very lovely woman. -आलयः, -यम् 1 pudendum muliebre. -2 a lotus. -3 a king. -आशयः sexual desire. -इच्छाफलम् a kind of mango. -उत्सवः the vernal festival celebrated in honour of Cupid. (-वा) an apsaras. -उत्सुक a. pining or languid with love. -उद्यानम् 'a pleasure-garden', N. of a garden. -कण्टकः 1 erection of hair caused by the feeling of love. -2 N. of a tree. -कलहः 'love's quarrel', sexual union; ˚छेद- सुलभाम् Mal.2.12. -काकुरवः a dove or pigeon. -गृहम् pudendum muliebre. -गोपालः an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa. -चतुर्दशी the fourteenth day in the bright half of Chaitra, or the festival celebrated on that day in honour of Cupid. -तन्त्रम् the science of sexual love. -त्रयोदशी the thirteenth day in the bright half of Chaitra, or the festival celebrated on that day in honour of Cupid. -द्वादशी a festival in honour of Cupid on the 12th day of the bright half of Chaitra. -ध्वजा the पौर्णिमा day of Chaitra month. -नालिका a faithless wife. -पक्षिन् m. the Khañjana bird. -पाठकः the cuckoo. -पीडा, -बाधा pangs or torments of love. -महः, -महोत्सवः a festival celebrated in honour of Cupid; मदनमहोत्सवाय रसिकमनांसि समुल्लासयन् Dk.2.5. -मोहनः an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa. -रसः poison; मदनरस- योगेनातिसन्धाय अपहरेत् Kau. A.1.15. -ललितम् amorous sport or dalliance. -ललिता N. of a metre; वेदाङ्गाङ्गैर्मदन- ललिता मो भो नमलसाः V. Ratna. (com.). -लेखः a loveletter. -वश a. influenced by love, enamoured. -विनोदः N. of a medical vocabulary attributed to मदनपाल. -शलाका 1 the female of the cuckoo. -2 an aphrodisiac. -3 the female parrot (also मदनसारिका). -संदेशः a message of love.
मदारः [मद्-आरन्; Uṇ.3.134] 1 An elephant in rut. -2 A hog. -3 A thorn-apple or Dhattūra. -4 A lover, libertine. -5 A kind of perfume. -6 A cheat or rogue (?).
मन्दारः [मन्द्-आरक्] 1 The coral tree, one of the five trees in Indra's paradise; हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितो बालमन्दार- वृक्षः Me.77,69; V.4.35; वृन्दारकारिविजये सुरलोकलब्ध- मन्दारमाल्यमधुवासितवासभूमिः Rām. Ch. -2 The plant called Arka, Calotropis Gigantea. -3 The Dhattūra plant. -4 Heaven. -5 An elephant. -रम् A flower of the coral tree; विनिद्रमन्दाररजोरुणाङ्गुली Ku.5.8; R.6.23. -Comp. -माला a garland of Mandāra flowers; मन्दार- माला हरिणा पिनद्धा Ś.7.2. -षष्ठी and -सप्तमी the sixth and seventh days in the bright half of Māgha.
मन्दारकः mandārakḥ मन्दारवः mandāravḥ मन्दारुः mandāruḥ
मन्दारकः मन्दारवः मन्दारुः The coral tree; see मन्दार.
मातुलः [मातुर्भ्राता मातृ-डुलच्] 1 A maternal uncle; (तत्रापश्यत्) आचार्यान् मातुलान् भ्रातॄन् Bg.1.26; Ms.2.13; 5.81. -2 The Dhattūra plant. -3 An epithet of the solar year. -4 A kind of rice. -5 A kind of snake. -Comp. -अहिः a kind of snake. -पुत्रकः 1 the son of a maternal uncle. -2 the fruit of the Dhattūra plant; उन्मादिनो मातुलपुत्रकस्य कथं सहामो बत कष्टकित्वम्.
शठ a. [शठ्-अच्] 1 Crafty, deceitful, fraudulent. dishonest, perfidious. -2 Wicked, depraved. -ठः 1 A rogue, cheat, knave, swindler; Ms.4.3; Bg.18.28. -2 A false or deceitful lover (who pretends to love one woman while his heart is fixed on another); ध्रुवमस्मि शठः शुचि- स्मिते विदितः कैतववत्सलस्तव R.8.49;19.31; शठ इति मयि तावदस्तु ते परिचयवत्यवधीरणा प्रिये M.3.19; (the S. D. thus defines a शठ:-- शठो$यमेकत्र बद्धभावो यः । दर्शितबहिरनुरागो विप्रियमन्यत्र गूढमाचरति ॥ 74). -3 A fool, blockhead. -4 A mediator, arbitrator. -5 The Dhattūra plant. -6 An idler, a lazy fellow. -ठम् 1 Iron. -2 Saffron. -Comp. -उदर्क a. deceitful in the end.
हेमन् n. [हि-मनिन्] 1 Gold; हेम्नः संलक्ष्यते ह्यग्नौ विशुद्धि श्यामिकापि वा R.1.1. -2 Water. -3 Snow. -4 The thorn-apple. -5 The Keśara flower. -6 Winter, the cold season. -7 The planet Mercury. -8 The Dhattūra plant.; हेमनामकतरुप्रसवेन त्र्यम्बकस्तदुपकल्पितपूजः N.21.34. -Comp. -अङ्कः a. adorned with gold; Mu.2.1 (v. l.); see next word. -अङ्ग a. golden; सुगाङ्गे हेमाङ्गं नृवर तव सिंहासनमिदम् Mu.2.1. (-ङ्गः) 1 Garuḍa. -2 a lion. -3 the mountain Sumeru. -4 N. of Brahman. -5 of Viṣṇu. -6 the Champaka tree. -अङ्गदम् a gold bracelet. -अद्रिः 1 the mountain Sumeru. -2 N. of an author of the encyclopædic work चतुर्वर्गचिन्तामणि. -अम्भोजम् a golden lotus, Nelumbium Speciosum (variety yellow); हेमाम्भोजप्रसवि सलिलं मानसस्याददानः Me.64. -अम्भोरुहम् golden lotus; हेमाम्भोरुहसस्यानां तद्वाप्यो धाम सांप्रतम् Ku. 2.44. -आह्वः 1 the wild Champaka tree. -2 the Dhattūra plant. -कक्ष a. having golden walls. -क्षः a golden girdle. -कन्दलः coral. -करः, -कर्तृ, -कारः, -कारकः a goldsmith; (हृत्वा) विविधानि च रत्नानि जायते हेमकर्तृषु Ms.12.61; हेममात्रमुपादाय रूपं वा हेमकारकः Y.3.
147. -कलशः a golden pinnacle; Inscr. -किंजल्कम् the Nāgakeśara flower. -कुम्भः a golden jar. -कूटः N. of a mountain; Ś.7. -केतकी the Ketaka plant, bearing yellow flowers (स्वर्णकेतकी). -केलिः 1 an epithet of Agni. -2 the Chitraka plant. -केशः N. of Śiva. -गन्धिनी the perfume named Reṇukā. -गर्भ a. containing gold in the interior. -गिरिः the mountain Sumeru. -गारैः the Aśoka tree. -घ्नम् lead. -घ्नी turmeric. -चन्द्रः N. of a celebrated Jaina lexicographer (of the 11th century). -छन्न a. covered with gold. (-न्नम्) gold covering. -ज्वालः fire. -तरुः the thorn-apple. -तारम् blue vitriol. -दुग्धः, -दुग्धकः the glomerous fig-tree. -धान्यकः the 11/2 Māṣaka weight. -धारणम् the 8-Palas weight of gold. -पर्वतः the mountain Meru. -पुष्पः, -पुष्पकः 1 the Aśoka tree. -2 the Lodhra tree. -3 the Champaka tree. (-n.) 1 the Aśoka flower. -2 the flower of China rose. -पुष्पिका yellow jasmine. -पृष्ठ a. gilded. -ब(व)लम् a pearl. -माला the wife of Yama. -माक्षिकम् pyrites. -मालिन् m. the sun. -यूथिका the golden or yellow jasmine. -रागिणी f. turmeric. -रेणुः a kind of atom (त्रसरेणुः). -वलम् a pearl. -व्याकरणम् Hemachandra's grammar. -शङ्खः N. of Viṣṇu. -शृङ्गम् 1 a golden horn. -2 a golden summit. -सारम् blue vitriol. -सूत्रम्, -सूत्रकम् a kind of necklace (Mar. गोफ).
a. extremely violent or powerful; -½ukkâtanâ, f. scaring away; -½ukkais, in. ad. exceedingly loud; in a very high degree; -½ugghitum, inf. (√ uggh) to escape, evade; -½uñkhana, n. wiping away or off; -½uta, pp. (√ vâ, weave), woven, sewn, etc.; -½utkata, a. very great: -bhritya, m. high official; -½utkantha, a. stretching out the neck far; at the top of one's voice (shout etc.); -½utkrushta, (pp.) n. loud noise, up roar; -½uttâna, a. far-extended; -½uttâla, a. very loud; -½uttu&ndot;ga, a. very high; -½ut phulla, a. full-blown, fully expanded (flower); wide open (eyes); -½utsârita, cs. pp.(√ sri) relinquished, given up, etc.; -½utsâha, m. great exertion; -½utsâhana, n. instigation, stimulation, invitation, to (--°ree;).
m. [√ vrig] division, separate homogeneous collection, group, class, com pany, of (g., --°ree;; often pl. for sg.); classified group of words, category; class of consonants in the alphabet (gutturals, palatals, etc.); section (in a book); subdivision of an Adhyâ ya in the RV. and the Brihaddevatâ: --°ree; with numerals, group or division consisting of (e. g. three=dharma, kâma, and artha).
He is mentioned as a King of Kāśī (Kāśya) in the Brhadāranyaka and Kausītaki Upanisads, where he instructs the proud Brāhmana Bālāki as to the real nature of the self. He is not to be identified with the Ajātasattu of the Buddhist texts.
King of Videha, plays a considerable part in the śatapatha Brāhmana and the Brhadāranyaka Upanisad, as well as in the Jaiminīya Brāhmana and the Kausītaki Upanisad. He was a contemporary of Yājñavalkya Vāja-saneya, of śvetaketu Aruneya, and of other sages.6 He had become famous for his generosity and his interest in the dis¬cussion of the nature of Brahman, as ultimate basis of reality, in the life-time of Ajātaśatru of Kāśi. It is significant that he maintained a close intercourse with the Brahmins of the Kuru-Pañcālas, such as Yājñavalkya and śvetaketu; for this indicates that the home of the philosophy of the Upanisads was in the Kuru-Pañcāla country rather than in the east. There is a statement in the śatapatha Brāhmana that he became a Brahmin (brahma). This does not, however, signify a change of caste, but merely that in knowledge he became a Brahmin (see Ksatriya). Janaka is occasionally mentioned in later texts: in the Taittirīya Brāhmana he has already become quite mythical; in the śāñkhāyana śrauta Sūtra a sapta-rātra or seven nights’ rite is ascribed to him. It is natural to attempt to date Janaka by his being a con¬temporary of Ajātaśatru, and by identifying the latter with the Ajātasattu of the Pāli texts11: this would make the end of the sixth century B.C. the approximate date of Janaka. But it is very doubtful whether this identification can be supported: Ajātaśatru was king of Kāśi, whereas Ajātasattu was king of Magadha, and his only connexion with Kāśi was through his marriage with the daughter of Pasenadi of Kosala. More¬over, the acceptance of this chronology would be difficult to reconcile with the history of the development of thought; for it would make the rise of Buddhism contemporaneous with the Upanisads, whereas it is reasonably certain that the older Upanisads preceded Buddhism Nor do the Vedic texts know anything of Bimbisāra or Pasenadi, or any of the other princes famed in Buddhist records. The identification of Janaka of Videha and the father of Sītā is less open to objection, but it cannot be proved, and is somewhat doubtful. In the Sūtras Janaka appears as an ancient king who knew of a time when wifely honour was less respected than later.
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