Sanskrit Dictionary

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Amarakosha Search

5 results

Word	Reference	Gender	Number	Synonyms	Definition

pramathāḥ	1.1.39-40	Masculine	Plural		attendants of shiva

caṇḍāṃśoḥ paripārśvikaḥ	1.3.31	Masculine	Plural	daṇḍaḥ, māṭharaḥ, piṅgalaḥ	sun's attendant

kaṭuḥ		Masculine	Singular		bitter

nirastam	1.6.20	Masculine	Singular	tvaritoditam	sputtered

anakṣaram		Masculine	Singular	avācyam	unfit to be uttered

Monier-Williams Search

4797 results for tte

the first letter of the alphabet

ind. also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās- q.v ], and of assent

([This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās-)

])

(as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (See ā-kram-etc.;in the veda-, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb;in a few cases

,a verb in the imperative is to be supplied;with roots like gam-, yā-,and i-,"to go", and 1. dā-,"to give", it reverses the action; exempli gratia, 'for example' ā-gacchati-,"he comes"; ā-datte-,"he takes"). (As a preposition with a preceding accusative) near to, towards, to

abanddhra

(or defectively written a-bandhr/a-) mfn. without bonds or ligatures

ābandha

m. the tie of a yoke (that which fastens the axle to the yoke, or the latter to the plough)

abandhana

mfn. without fetters, free

abandhya

mfn. not to be fettered or bound.

abandhya

mf(ā-)n. not barren, not unfruitful, fruitful, productive (see a-vandhya-,which is perhaps the better spelling.)

abhayapattra

n. (a modern term) , a written document or paper granting assurance of safety, a safe conduct.

abhibhā

to glitter (around), be bright, appear

abhibhāṣ

to address, speak to (accusative)

etc. ; converse with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to utter, say (abhibhāṣante-,"people use to say"

) ; to confess

abhidaṣṭa

mfn. ( daṃś-), bitten.

abhidhyāyin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') giving one's attention to

abhidhyeya

mfn. deserving attention

abhighāra

m. scattering over, mingling with

abhighāra

m. ghee or clarified butter

abhighāta

n. an irregular combination of consonants id est the combination of the fourth letter of gutturals, cerebrals, etc. with the first or third letter, of the second with the first letter, and of the third with the second letter of those classes of consonants.

abhihata

mfn. struck, smitten, killed

abhijap

to mutter over or whisper to

abhikrama

m. undertaking, attempt, beginning.

abhikūj

to twitter, warble

abhilekhita

n. a written document

abhimara

m. binding in fetters

abhimihya

mfn. to be wetted (by urining upon)

abhinidhā

P. to place upon or into (locative case)

; A1. to place upon one's self (as a burden)

; to touch slightly with (instrumental case)

etc.: Passive voice -dhīyate-,"to be touched by each other", be in close contact (as the letters e-, o-and a-in the saṃdhi- called abhin/ihita- q.v)

abhinidhāna

m. [

and

] or n. [

] "touching"or close contact (of letters in pronunciation, especially in the cases where initial a-is suppressed after e-and o-).

abhinidhyai

to give attention to

abhiniviś

-viśate-, to enter (with accusative)

; to disembogue (as a river) into (accusative)

; to devote one's self entirely to (accusative)

etc.: Caus. -veśayati-, to cause to enter, lead into (accusative)

; to cause to sit down upon (locative case)

; to cause any one to devote himself entirely to

etc., (with manas-,or ātmānam-) to devote one's attention to (locative case)

abhipā

-p/āti-, to guard

; to behold with attention

: Causal P. -pālayati-, to protect, assist

abhipradṝ

(perf. 3. plural -dadrur- equals abhi-jagmuḥ-, sā-. fr.-2. drā-,"to run towards") to put forth by bursting or opening

: Passive voice -dīryate-, to be scattered or divided asunder

abhiprastṛ

to scatter

abhiprath

(perf. A1. -paprathe-) to spread, extend itself towards (accusative)

: Causal -prathayati-, to spread or scatter over (accusative)

; to spread (as one's fame)

abhirata

mfn. engaged in, attentive to (locative case), performing, practising.

abhirudita

mfn. cried, uttered in a lamenting manner

abhiṣac

m. (accusative -/ācam-; n. plural -/ācas-) fn. paying attention to, devoted to, favourable

abhiścut

Causal P. (Aorist -acuścutat-) to sprinkle with

: A1. to scatter over one's self, cover one's self with (instrumental case)

abhiṣecita

mfn. caused to be sprinkled, watered, wetted

abhiṣo

( so-), (1. sg. -ṣyāmi-) to fetter, chain

; (pr. p. -ṣyat-) to put an end to, destroy

; imperfect tense -aṣyat-

abhisraṃs

Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -srās-, which is better derived fr. abhi-srij- q.v

abhisṛṣṭa

mfn. uttered

abhistaraṇa

n. scattering, strewing,

, Scholiast or Commentator

abhistṛ

to scatter over, cover

abhitaścara

m. plural the attendants, retinue

abhivac

(equals abhy-anu-vac-),"to declare or utter a verse with reference to", only perf. Pass. p. abhy-ukta- q.v ; to say to (accusative), tell

abhivap

(imperfect tense 3. plural -vapanta-;Ved. ind.p. -/upyā-) to scatter over, cover with (instrumental case)

abhivega

m. tottering, vacillation

abhīvṛt

mfn. the form (accusative m. abh/ī-vṛtam-) is however better derived fr. abh/ī-vṛta- by

and

abhivyāhāra

m. pronunciation. utterance

etc.

abhivyāhṛ

to utter, pronounce

etc. ; to speak or converse about (accusative)

etc.: Caus. to cause to pronounce

; to pronounce

ābhṛ

P. -bh/arati- (perfect tense /ā-jabhāra-

; Aorist P. sg. /ābhārṣam-

etc.) to bring towards or near ; to carry or fetch ; to effect, produce

etc. ; to fill up, fill, attract (one's attention)

ābhṛtātman

mfn. one whose soul is filled with, having the attention fixed or fastened on.

ābhyantaraprayatna

m. internal effort (of the mouth in producing articulate utterance) commentator or commentary on

abhyanujñeya

mfn. to be admitted or assented to,

abhyanūkta

mfn. stated or uttered with reference to (accusative)

(see abhyukta-.)

abhyanuvac

(perf. -anūvāca-) to declare or state or utter with reference to (accusative)

: Passive voice (3. plural -anūcyante-) to be referred to by some statement or verse

abhyanuvad

P. (equals abhy-anu-vac-) to utter with reference to (accusative)

abhyarṇa

mfn. (fr. ṛ-,or according to

ard-,in which case it should be written abhy-arṇṇa-) near, proximate

abhyas

(ind.p. -asya-) to throw towards or upon

; (parasmE-pada genitive case sg. -asyatas-) to throw (as arrows)

; to add,

: P. (rarely A1.) -asyati- (but also Potential -aset-

; parasmE-pada -asat-

: A1. -asate-

) to concentrate one's attention upon (accusative), practise, exercise, study

etc. ; to repeat, double ; to multiply

etc.: Causal to cause to practise or study, teach commentator or commentary on

abhyāśa

m. (also written 1. abhy-āsa-) reaching to, pervading

ābhyāśika

mfn. (fr. abhy-āśa-), being near to each other, neighbouring

(less correctly in this sense written ābhyāsika-).

abhyativad

P. (equals ati-vad- q.v) "to speak louder or better", surpass in disputing

abhyukta

mfn. declared or uttered (as a verse) with reference to (accusative)

abhyupagamasiddhānta

m. an admitted axiom

abhyupagantavya

mfn. to be admitted commentator or commentary on

and on

abhyupagata

mfn. agreed, assented to, admitted

abhyupapanna

mfn. agreed to, admitted

abhyupasthita

mfn. attended or accompanied by (instrumental case)

abhyupe

( i-), -upaiti- (3. plural -/upayanti-) to go near, approach, arrive at, enter

etc. ; (with apaḥ-) to bathe

; to approach (in copulation)

; to go to meet any one (accusative)

; to enter a state or condition, obtain, share

(Ved. infinitive mood -upaitos-)

etc. ; to admit as an argument or a position

(perf. p. genitive case plural -upeyuṣām-) commentator or commentary on

and on

; to select as (accusative)

; to agree with, approve of

(See abhy-upeta-): Passive voice -upeyate- to be approved of, admitted

abhyupetavya

mfn. to be admitted or assented to commentator or commentary on

abhyupeyivas

mf(yuṣī-)n. having admitted

(See 1. abhy-upe-).

ābudh

P. (imperative 2. sg. -b/odhā-) to attend to, mind

acaitanya

n. insensibility, senselessness, want of spirituality, that which is destitute of consciousness, matter.

acit

f. not-spirit, matter

ācit

(imperative 2. sg. -cikiddhi-; perf. 3. sg. -ciketa-) to attend to, keep in mind

; (subjunctive 1. sg. -ciketam-; perf. 3. sg. -ciketa-, parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb -cikitv/ān-) to comprehend, understand, know

; to invent

; (subjunctive -cetat-or -c/iketat-; perf. A1.3. plural -cikitre-or -cikitrire-) to appear, become visible, distinguish one's self

: Desiderative (1. plural -cikitsāmas-) to wait for, watch clandestinely, lurk

ācit

f. attention to (genitive case)

ādā

A1. -datte-, (

) , Epic also rarely P. (exempli gratia, 'for example' 1. sg. -dadmi-,or -dadāmi-), Ved. generally A1. ([Pot. 1. plural -dadīmahi-; imperfect tense 3. sg. ādatta-; perf. 1. and 3. sg. -dade-; perf. p. -dadān/a-

-d/adāna-

]) , but also P. (imperfect tense sg. ādam-, ādas-, ādat-,and 1. plural ādāma- Aorist 3. dual number āttām-

) "to give to one's self", take, accept, receive from (locative case instrumental case or ablative)

etc. ; to seize, take away, carry off, rob

; to take back, reclaim

; to take off or out from (ablative), separate from (ablative)

; to take or carry away with one's self,

(Potential P.1. sg. -dadīyam -!)

; to seize, grasp, take or catch hold of

etc. ; to put on (clothes)

; to take as food or drink (with genitive case)

(perf. Passive voice 3. sg. -dade-)

; (with accusative)

; to undertake, begin

etc. ; to choose (a path)

; (with vacanam-etc.) to begin to speak

etc. ; to begin to speak or to recite

(see punar-ādāyam-) ; to offer (as oblations)

(irreg. pr. p. -dadāyat-) ; to perceive, notice, feel

; to keep in mind

; to accept, approve of

: Causal (ind.p. -dāpya-) to cause one to take

: Desiderative A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural /āditsanta-) to be on the point of taking or carrying away from (genitive case)

; to be on the point of taking (the hand of)

; to be about to take to one's self

ādāna

n. binding on or to, fettering

ādaraṇīya

mf(ā-)n. to be attended to or regarded, venerable, respectable.

ādeśa

m. a substitute, substituted form or letter

ādeśin

mfn. that (form or letter) for which something is substituted (= sthānin- q.v)

ādhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte- (in the later language usually A1.), 1. sg. /ā-dadhāmi-

; imperative 2. sg. ā-dhehi-

; perfect tense 3. plural -dadh/us-

; Aorist 3. plural /ā-dhus-

; parasmE-pada -dadhāna-, parasmE-pada Passive voice -dhīyamāna- (in compound exempli gratia, 'for example' ā-dhīyamāna-citta-

) ; perf. -dadhau-, etc. ; ([see under1. dhā-]), (P.and A1.) to place on, put down, deposit, put ; to impregnate, instil (exempli gratia, 'for example' good sentiments) , impress, direct ; to apply, appoint

etc. ; to add (fuel to fire)

etc. ; to give or deposit in pledge, stake (money)

; to give, supply, lend, deliver

etc. ; to accept, receive

etc. ; to make, constitute, effect

etc. ; (only A1.) to keep, preserve, appropriate to one's self, hold, possess, take ; to conceive (as a woman), get children

etc.: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to put: Desiderative A1. -dhitsate-, to wish to kindle (a fire)

: P. (parasmE-pada -dhitsat-) to be about to take up (a stick for punishing)

adharma

m. Name of an attendant of the sun

adharottara

mfn. worse and better

adhi

m. (better ādhi- q.v), anxiety

adhigā

P. to obtain ; P. (Aorist subjunctive 2. plural -gāta-,or -gātana-) to remember, notice

and

; P. or generally A1. (-jage-, -agīṣṭa-, -agīṣyata-

) to go over, learn, read, study ; to attempt, resolve: Causal P. -gāpayati-, to cause to go over or teach: Desiderative Causal -jigāpayiṣati-, to be desirous of teaching

adhikaraṇika

or better

ādhikārika

mf(ā-)n. (fr. adhi-kāra-), belonging to a chief matter or principal person

etc.

adhikṣip

to throw upon ; to bespatter ; to insult, scold ; to superinduce (disease).

adhirajju

mfn. carrying a rope, fastening, fettering

adhivap

A1. -vapate-, to put on, fasten

; to scatter

adhividhā

to distribute or scatter over

ādhmā

P. -dhamati- (imperative 2. sg. -dhama-) to inflate, fill with air, blow

; to cry out, utter with a loud voice ; to sound

: Passive voice (-dhmāyati-[irr.]

) to swell with wind, puff up

(in the latter sense sometimes[

] P.): Causal to blow, inflate.

adhvāna

2 m. uttering no sound, silence (naṃ- gataḥ-,"become silent"),

adhyāhāriṇī

f. (with lipi-) a kind of written character (varia lectio madhyāh-, quod vide),

adhyātmika

or better

adhyāvap

-/ā-vapati-, to scatter upon

adhyāvāpa

m. the act of sowing or scattering upon

adhyavasāna

n. attempt, effort, exertion

adhyavasāyita

mfn. attempted.

adhyavaso

cl.4 P. -syati-, to undertake, attempt, accomplish ; to determine, consider, ascertain.

ādilupta

mfn. (a word) having the first letter cut off

ādirasaśloka

m. plural "stanzas illustrating the chief sentiment", Name of a poem supposed to be written by kālidāsa-.

ādṛ

(

) A1. -driyate-, rarely poetry or poetic P. ([ ādriyat-

]) to regard with attention, attend to, be careful about (accusative)

etc. ; to respect, honour, reverence

ādṛta

mf(ā-)n. attentive, careful, zealous, diligent

etc.

āduri

mfn. attentive

(according to

belonging to ā-dṝ-below) .

adūṣita

mfn. unspotted, irreproachable.

advaita

n. identity of spirit and matter

advaya

n. identity (especially the identity of brahma-, with the human soul or with the universe, or of spirit and matter)

ādyut

A1. (perfect tense 3. sg. -didy/ota-) to grow rotten

āgama

m. a grammatical augment, a meaningless syllable or letter inserted in any part of the radical word

commentator or commentary

āgamanirapekṣa

mfn. independent of a written voucher or title.

agasti

m. (according to

fr.2. a-ga-,a mountain, and asti-,thrower,2. as-). Name of a ṛṣi- (author of several Vedic hymns;said to have been the son of both mitra- and varuṇa- by urvaśī-;to have been born in a water-jar;to have been of short stature;to have swallowed the ocean, and compelled the vindhya- mountains to prostrate themselves before him;to have conquered and civilized the South;to have written on medicine, etc.)

āghāra

m. sprinkling clarified butter upon the fire at certain sacrifices

āghāra

m. clarified butter

aghūrṇa

mfn. not tottering,

āgneya

n. ghee, or clarified butter

agni

m. mystical substitute for the letter r-

agnibīja

n. Name of the letter r-

agnigṛha

n. a room fitted with hot-baths

agnikārikā

f. ([

]) kindling or feeding the sacrificial fire with clarified butter etc.

agnikārya

n. ([

etc.]) kindling or feeding the sacrificial fire with clarified butter etc.

agniśuśrūṣā

f. attention to the sacrificial fire

agrāhya

mfn. not to be conceived or perceived or obtained or admitted or trusted, to be rejected.

agrya

mf(ā-)n. intent closely attentive

ahaṃsana

mfn. obtaining or claiming for one's self

(

vocative case dual number incorrectly written in two words ah/aṃ s/anā-) and viii, 61, 9 (vocative case sg.)

āhata

mfn. uttered falsely

ahirbudhnya

m. (considered as one word and therefore declinable as follows dative case ahir-budhnyāya-

; instrumental case plural ahir-budhnyaiḥ-

;often incorrectly written ahir-budhna-or -bradhna-) Name of a rudra-

ahiśuṣmasatvan

m. one whose attendants (the marut-s) hiss like serpents (Name of indra-)

([the pada- as well as the saṃhitā- Text takes ahiśuṣma-as a vocative case by itself, and

translates accordingly]) .

āhitāṅka

mfn. marked, spotted, stained.

āhṛ

P. -harati- (Aorist 1. sg. -ahārṣam-

; perfect tense -jahāra-,Inf. -hartav/ai-

) ; seldom A1. (perfect tense -jahre-

) to fetch, bring, bring near ; to offer, reach forth, deliver, give

etc. ; to fetch for one's self, take away, take, receive, get

etc. ; to conceive (as a woman)

; to bring home (a bride)

; to put on ; to take for one's self, use, enjoy

etc. ; to manifest, utter, speak

etc.: Causal P. A1. -hārayati-, -te-, to cause to fetch ; to procure

; to cause to bring, collect (taxes)

; to take for one's self, enjoy, eat

; to manifest, utter

: Desiderative P. A1. -jihīrṣati-, -te-, to wish or intend to procure

; to seek to get

āhṛta

mfn. uttered, spoken

āhu

P. A1. -juhoti-, -juhute- (parasmE-pada -j/uhvāna-) to sacrifice, offer an oblation ; to sprinkle (with butter)

aikāra

m. the letter or sound ai-.

āja

n. clarified butter

ājap

to mutter or whisper into (the ear, k/arṇe-)

;

ajiraśocis

(ajir/a-.) m. having a quick light, glittering, Name of agni-, of soma-

ajita

m. the attendant of suvidhi- (who is the ninth of those arhat-s)

ajñāna

n. ignorance, (in philosophy) spiritual ignorance (or a power which, consisting of the three guṇa-s sattva-, rajas-,and tamas-,and preventing the soul from realizing its identity with brahma-, causes self to appear a distinct personality, and matter to appear a reality)

ājñāpattra

n. a written order, edict

ājya

n. ( añj- vArttika on

), melted or clarified butter (used for oblations, or for pouring into the holy fire at the sacrifice, or for anointing anything sacrificed or offered)

etc.

ājya

n. (in a wider sense) oil and milk used instead of clarified butter at a sacrifice

ājyabhāga

m. (/ājya--) a portion of clarified butter

ājyabhāga

m. dual number (au-) the two portions of clarified butter belonging to agni- and soma-

etc.

ājyabhāga

mf(ā-)n. partaking of the clarified butter

ājyabhuj

m. "consumer of clarified butter", agni-

ājyadhānī

f. receptacle of clarified butter

ājyadhanvan

mfn. having the clarified butter for its bow

ājyagraha

m. a vessel of clarified butter

ājyahavis

(/ājya--) mfn. having an oblation consisting of clarified butter

ājyahoma

m. an oblation consisting of clarified butter

ājyalepa

m. an unguent made of clarified butter

ājyalipta

(/ājya--) mfn. anointed with clarified butter

ājyapa

mfn. drinking the clarified butter

ājyapātra

n. a vessel for clarified butter.

ājyavāri

m. "sea of clarified butter", one of the seven mythical seas

ājyavilāpanī

f. the vessel containing the clarified butter

ākara

m. one who scatters id est distributes abundantly

akāra

m. the letter or sound a-.

akasyavid

mfn. not attending to anything,

akathya

mfn. unutterable, unmentionable.

akhkhalīkṛtyā

Vedic or Veda ind.p. (1. kṛ-), uttering the exclamation akhkhala-

ākiṃcanya

n. (fr. a-kiṃcana-; gaRa pṛthv-ādi- q.v) want of any possession, utter destitution

akiñcana

mfn. without anything, utterly destitute

akiñcaniman

m. utter destitution, (gaRa pṛthu-ādi- q.v)

ākīrṇa

mfn. scattered

akledya

mfn. not to be wetted.

ākṝ

(2. sg. subjunctive -kir/āsi-and imperative -kirā-; parasmE-pada f. -kir/antī-) to scatter or sprinkle over, give abundantly

akṛta

mf(ā-)n. undone, not committed

akṛta

n. an act never before committed

akṣara

n. a letter ([m.

])

akṣarajananī

f. "letter producer", a reed or pen.

akṣāralavaṇa

mfn. or, according to

and

, better"(food) not containing acrid substances nor salt"; therefore also akṣārālavaṇa- in the same sense see kṣāra-lavaṇa-.

akṣarāntara

n. another letter, transliteration,

akṣaranyāsa

m. array of syllables or letters

ākṣarasamāmnāyika

mfn. (fr. akṣarasamāmnāya-, q.v) belonging to the alphabet (as a letter)

akṣarasaṃghāta

(in dramatic language) accidental putting together or arranging of letters or syllables,

akṣarasaṃhāta

(in dramatic language) accidental putting together or arranging of letters or syllables,

akṣarya

mf(ā-)n. corresponding to the number of syllables or letters

akūrmapṛṣat

mfn. not spotted like a turtle,

akuṣṭhipṛṣat

mfn. neither leprous nor spotted,

āla

n. any discharge of poisonous matter from venomous animals

alaṃtarām

ind. very much better or easier to (Inf.)

ālāna

n. a fetter, tie, rope or string

ālāpa

m. the singing or twittering of birds

alapat

mfn. not chattering, not speaking nonsense

ālekhya

mfn. to be written or delineated or painted

ālikhita

mfn. drawn, written, delineated, painted

alipi

mfn. unstained (and"unwritten"),

āloka

m. flattery, praise, complimentary language

alopa

m. not dropping (as a letter or syllable)

alopa

m. dropping of the letter a-

alpakārya

n. small matter.

alpaprāṇa

m. (in grammar) slight breathing or weak aspiration (the effort in uttering the vowels, the semivowels y-, r-, l-, v-,the consonants k-, c-, ṭ-, t-, p-, g-, j-, ḍ-, i-, b-,and the nasals, is said to be accompanied with slight aspiration, but practically alpaprāṇa-is here equivalent to unaspirated, as opposed to mahā-prāṇa- q.v)

āluka

mfn. sweet (and) salt (and) pungent (and) bitter (and) astringent,

alūkṣantatva

n. the having greasy substances (like butter) near at hand (for oblations)

āmah

A1. (3. sg. /ā-mahe-

[= ā-mahate-, ā-datte-

]) to give, grant (?) ; to take (?).

āmandra

mfn. having a slightly deep tone, making a low muttering sound (as thunder)

amara

m. mystical signification of the letter u-

amaradvija

m. a Brahman who lives by attending a temple or idol, by superintending a temple

āmātisāra

m. dysentery or diarrhoea produced by vitiated mucus in the abdomen (the excretion being mixed with hard and fetid matter)

amātra

mfn. not metrical or prosodical

having the measure or quantity of the letter a-

ambhas

n. mystical Name of the letter v-

ambhiṇī

(for bhṛṇi-) f. Name of a preceptress (who transmitted the white yajur-veda- to vāc-, speech)

(see āmbhṛṇī-.)

ambūkrita

mfn. (ambū-used onomatopoetically to denote by trying to utter mb-the effect caused by shutting the lips on pronouncing a vowel), pronounced indistinctly (so that the words remain too much in the mouth)

ambūkrita

mfn. ([in later writers derived fr. ambu-,water]) sputtered, accompanied with saliva

(an--,neg.)

amitāśanā

f. "immoderate in eating", Name (also title or epithet) of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-,

amlatiktakaṣāya

mfn. astringent (and) bitter (and) sour

amlatiktakaṣāya

m. astringent (and) sour (and) bitter taste,

āmnā

P. -manati-, to utter, mention, allege ; to cite, quote ; to commit to memory, hand down in sacred texts ; to celebrate

āmnāta

mfn. mentioned, quoted, committed to memory, handed down in sacred texts

amoghā

f. a mystical Name of the letter kṣ- (being the last one of the alphabet)

amṛta

n. milk

clarified butter

(see pañāmṛta-), boiled rice

anāda

m. absence of sound (in pronouncing aspirated letters)

anaikānta

mfn. (in logic) occasional, as a cause not invariably attended by the same effects.

anakadundubhi

or better

anakṣara

mfn. unfit to be uttered

anala

m. the letter r-

anālambukā

([

]) or better

anaṅga

m. Name of kāma- (god of love, so called because he was made bodiless by a flash from the eye of śiva-, for having attempted to disturb his life of austerity by filling him with love for pārvatī-)

anaṅgalekhā

f. a love letter

ananta

m. the letter ā-

anānubhūti

f. "inattention, neglect" (tayas-) plural neglectful or irreligious people

ananujñāta

mfn. not agreed to, not permitted

ananvita

mfn. not attended with, destitute of.

ananyamanas

mfn. exercising undivided attention.

ananyamānasa

mfn. exercising undivided attention.

ananyamanaska

mfn. exercising undivided attention.

ananyavṛtti

mfn. closely attentive.

anārambha

m. absence of beginning, non-commencement, not attempting or undertaking

anātyantika

mfn. not perpetual, not final, intermittent, recurrent.

anavadhāna

n. inattention, inadvertence

anavadhāna

mfn. inattentive, careless.

anavahita

mfn. heedless, inattentive.

ānda

m. ( and- commentator or commentary on

), one who makes fetters

anekāl

mfn. consisting of more than one letter (al-being the technical term for letter) .

aṅga

ind. a particle implying attention, assent or desire, and sometimes impatience, it may be rendered, by well

aṅgalipi

f. written character of aṅga-.

aṅgārakadina

m. n. a festival of Mars on the fourteenth of the latter half of caitra-.

aṅguṣṭhavibhedaka

m. "thumb-separator", a mitten,

anibaddhapralāpin

mfn. chattering incoherently, talking at random

anīkavidāraṇa

m. "shatterer of armies", Name of a man.

anila

m. the letter y-

anirukta

mfn. unuttered, not articulated

anirvacanīya

mfn. unutterable, indescribable

aniveṣṭyamāna

mfn. not being fettered or hindered,

aṅka

the peculiarity of it is that in counting the years of the reign of a king certain numbers are omitted, thus, according to to one system, the numbers ending with 6 or 0, excepting 10, are dropped, so that the sequence of the years would be-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21 etc.)

annadoṣa

m. a fault committed by eating prohibited food

anta

m. end of life, death, destruction (in these latter senses some times neut.)

antaḥpāta

m. (in grammar) insertion of a letter

antaḥpātya

m. (in grammar) insertion of a letter

antaḥpuracārikā

f. a female attendant in the women's apartments,

antaḥpurāvacara

m. an attendant in the women's apartments,

antaḥśīrṇa

mfn. withered or rotten within,

antaḥstha

mfn. (generally written antasth/a-) being in the midst or between

etc.

antarādhā

A1. -dhatte-, to receive into one's self, contain

antarāgama

m. (in grammar) an additional augment between two letters.

antaratama

m. a congenial letter, one of the same class.

āntaratamya

n. (fr. antara-tama-), nearest or closest relationship (as of two letters)

antardhā

A1. -dhatte-, to place within, deposit ; to receive within ; to hide, conceal, obscure ; to hide one's self: Passive voice -dhīyate- to be received within, to be absorbed ; to be rendered invisible ; to disappear, vanish ; to cease: Causal -dhāpayati- ; to render invisible, to cause to disappear.

antargatagāmin

mfn. slipped out of the memory, forgotten.

antargatopamā

f. a concealed simile (the particle of comparison being omitted).

āntarya

n. near relationship (of two letters).

antyaja

m. a man of one of seven inferior tribes (a washerman, currier, mimic, varuḍa-, fisherman, meda- or attendant on women, and mountaineer or forester).

ānu

A1. (Aorist 3. plural /ānūṣata-

) to sound, roar towards or near ; (parasmE-pada -nuvāna-

) to cry ; to twitter (as birds): Intensive (/ā-navinot-

) to roar towards.

aṇu

m. (us-) an atom of matter

anubandha

m. an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots, etc. (marking some peculiarity in their inflection; exempli gratia, 'for example' an i-attached to roots, denotes the insertion of a nasal before their final consonant)

anubandhitva

n. the state of being accompanied or attended or followed.

anubhū

to enclose, embrace

; to be after, attain, equal

etc. ; to be useful, to help

; to turn or incline to

; to notice, perceive, understand ; to experience, to attempt.

anubrū

cl.2 P. -bravīti- to pronounce, recite ; to utter ; to address, invite (with dative case)

etc. ; to repeat another's words, learn by heart (by repeating another's words)

anucar

to walk or move after or along ; to follow, pursue, seek after ; to follow out, adhere to, attend ; to behave: Caus. -cārayati-, to let or cause to traverse: Intensive p. -carcūry/amāṇa-, continuing following

anucara

mf(/ī-)n. following, attending

anucarā

f. (rarely ā-) a female attendant.

ānucāraka

mfn. (fr. anu-cāraka-), belonging to an attendant

anucāraka

m. a follower, attendant, (gaRa mahiṣy-ādi- q.v)

anucarī

f. a female attendant.

anucārikā

f. a female follower or attendant.

anucārin

mfn. following, attending.

anudatta

mfn. granted, remitted, given back

commentator or commentary

anudhyai

to consider attentively, think of, muse ; to miss,

; to bear a grudge

anudita

mfn. unsaid, unuttered

anudita

mfn. unutterable, blamable (see a-vady/a-)

(See 1. /an-udita- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order an-udaya-).

anudṝ

Passive voice -dīryate-, to break through after (another) ; to be scattered or confused in consequence of the confusion of others.

anudya

mfn. unutterable

anugāmuka

mfn. habitually or constantly following or attending.

anujāgṛ

to watch as an attendant.

anujap

to follow or imitate in muttering.

anujñāpya

mfn. to be allowed or permitted,

anujñāta

mfn. assented to, permitted, allowed

anukā

P. - kāyati- = abhidhatte-,

anukṝ

(1. sg. -kir/āmi-) to scatter along

; to strew, fill with, crowd: Passive voice -kīryate-, to become crowded or filled.

anukṣattṛ

m. a doorkeeper's or charioteer's mate or attendant

anukta

mfn. ( vac-), unuttered, unsaid, unheard of, extraordinary.

anuktanimitta

n. a reason which is unuttered or unheard of or extraordinary

anumānamaṇidīdhiti

f. a similar work written by raghunātha-.

anumata

mfn. approved, assented to, permitted, allowed, agreeable, pleasant

anunāsika

mfn. nasal, uttered through the nose (as one of the five nasal consonants, or a vowel, or the three semivowels y-, v-, l-,under certain circumstances;in the case of vowels and semivowels, the mark ँ is used to denote this nasalization)

anunāsikādi

m. a compound letter commencing with a nasal.

anunāsikalopa

m. dropping of a nasal sound or letter.

anunirvap

to take out from for scattering or sharing subsequently

anupad

to follow, attend, be fond of ; to enter ; to enter upon ; to notice, understand ; to handle.

anupadha

m. "having no penultimate", a letter or syllable (as a sibilant or h-) not preceded by another.

anuparikṝ

to scatter alongside, to bestrew

anupāsana

n. want of attention to.

anupāsita

mfn. not attended to, neglected.

anuprabhūṣ

(p. -bh/ūṣat-) to serve, attend, offer

anuprāsa

m. alliteration, repetition of similar letters, syllables, and words

anuprastṛ

to scatter along or upon

anusaṃdhānīya

mfn. to be attended to,

anusāraka

mfn. following, attendant on, according or conformable to

anusārin

mfn. following, attendant on, according or conformable to

anuśayitavya

mfn. to be regretted.

anuśīlita

mfn. studied carefully, attended to.

anuśocita

mfn. regretted, repented of.

anuṣṭhā

( sthā-) to stand near or by ; to follow out ; to carry out, attend to ; to perform, do, practise ; to govern, rule, superintend ; to appoint: Passive voice -ṣṭhīyate-, to be done ; to be followed out: Desiderative -tiṣṭhāsati-, to be desirous of doing, etc.

anutiṣṭhamāna

mfn. following out, carrying out, performing, attending to.

anutta

(according to to some) = /anu-- tta- (for anu-- datta-), admitted.

anūtthātṛ

m. an attendant,

anuvap

P. to scatter over

; A1. to scatter as dust

: Passive voice /anu upy/ate-, to be scattered as dust

anuvartana

n. following, attending

anuvartman

mfn. following attending

etc.

anuvikṝ

to bestrew

; to scatter separately

anuvṛt

A1. to go after ; to follow, pursue ; to follow from a previous rule, be supplied from a previous sentence ; to attend ; to obey, respect, imitate ; to resemble ; to assent ; to expect ; Causal P. -vartayati-, to roll after or forward ; to follow up, carry out ; to supply.

anuvyāharaṇa

n. repeated utterance

anuvyāhṛ

to utter in order or repeatedly

; to curse

anuyātra

f(ā-)n. retinue, attendance

anuyātrika

mfn. following, attendant

anuyāyin

mfn. a follower, a dependant, attendant

anvācayaśiṣṭa

mfn. propounded as a rule or matter of secondary importance.

anvakṣaram

ind. according to the sound or letter,

anvāloc

Caus. -locayair-, to consider attentively.

anvāroha

m. plural Name of certain japa-s uttered at the soma--libations

anvaṣṭakā

f. the ninth day in the latter half of the three (or four) months following the full moon in āgrahāyaṇa-, pauṣa-, māgha- (and phālguna-)

anvāsyamāna

mfn. being accompanied by, attended by.

anvavakiraṇa

n. scattering about successively

anvavakṝ

to scatter or strew about (with instrumental case)

anvāvap

"to scatter in addition", to add

anve

( ā-i-) cl.2 P. -aiti-, to come after, to follow as an adherent or attendant

anvita

mfn. joined, attended, accompanied by, connected with, linked to

anyatramanas

(any/atra--) mfn. having the mind directed to something else, inattentive

anyonya

mfn. anyo-'nya- (said to be fr. anyas- Nominal verb singular m.and anya-; see paraspara-;in most cases the first anya-may be regarded as the subject of the sentence, while the latter assumes the accusative,inst. genitive case,or locative case cases as required by the verb;but there are many instances in which the first anya-,originally a nominative, is equivalent to an oblique case); mfn. one another, mutual

anyotpanna

mfn. begotten by another.

āpā

P. -pibati-, (imperative 2. dual number /āpibatam-

; perfect tense -papau-: Passive voice -pīyate-,etc.) to drink in, suck in or up ; to sip

; to drink in with ears or eyes id est to hear or See with attention, hang on

; to absorb, take away: Causal -pāyayati-, to cause to drink or suck in

apaci

(Imper. 2. sg. -cikīhi-) to pay attention to, to respect

āpadevī

f. Name of a book written by the above (the mīmāṃsānyāya-prakāśa-).

āpāka

m. ( pac-), a baking-oven, potter's kiln

apakṝ

A1. apa-s-kirate- (

) to scrape with the feet

; (see ava-s-kṝ-): P. apa-kirati-, to spout out, spurt, scatter

commentator or commentary ; to throw down

apakṛta

mfn. done wrongly or maliciously, offensively or wickedly committed

apanī

to lead away or off ; to rob, steal, take or drag away ; to remove, frighten away ; to put off or away (as garments, ornaments, or fetters) ; to extract, take from ; to deny commentator or commentary on

; to except, exclude from a rule commentator or commentary on

: Desiderative -ninīṣati-, to wish to remove commentator or commentary on

apāpapurī

f. also written pāpa-purī- q.v

apara

mf(ā-)n. (fr. /apa-), posterior, later, latter (opposed to p/ūrva-;often in compound)

aparahaimana

mfn. belonging to the latter half of the winter season

aparahemanta

m. n. the latter part of winter.

aparanidāgha

m. the latter part of the summer.

aparānta

m. "the latter end", death.

aparāntajñāna

n. prescience of one's latter end.

aparapakṣa

m. the latter half of the month

aparapakṣīya

mfn. belonging to the latter half of the month, (gaRa gahādi- q.v)

apararātra

m. the latter half of the night, the end of the night, the last watch.

aparārdha

m. the latter the second half.

aparaśarad

f. the latter part of the autumn.

aparāvāpa

m. not scattering,

aparavarṣā

f. plural the latter part of the rains.

aparigraha

mfn. destitute of attendants or of a wife

aparihīyamāṇa

mfn. not being omitted (ṇaṃ- kṛ-,"to supply deficiencies"),

apaścādaghvan

([

]) or better /a-paścād-daghvan- ([

]) mfn. not staying behind, not coming short of, not being a loser.

apāśyā

f. no great number of nooses or fetters

apatitānyonyatyāgin

mfn. deserting one another (as the father deserting a son, the teacher a pupil etc.) without (the latter) being ejected from caste,

apātrakṛtyā

f. acting unbecomingly, doing degrading offices (as for a Brahman to receive wealth improperly acquired, to trade, to serve a śūdra-, and to utter an untruth)

apavarjita

mfn. abandoned, quitted, got rid of, given or cast away

apiprāṇa

mf(ī-)n. uttered or produced with every breath

apivap

(1. sg. -vapāmi-) to scatter upon

apivāpa

m. "scattering upon", Name of particular puroḍāśa-

āplāvya

ind.p. having washed, wetted or sprinkled.

āpluta

mfn. wetted, sprinkled, overflowed

etc.

apobh

( ubh-), (Imper. 2. plural /apombhata-) to bind, fetter

apombhana

n. a fetter

aprākaraṇika

mfn. not connected with the subject-matter commentator or commentary on

aprakṛta

mfn. not being in question, not belonging to the matter,

apramādam

ind. attentively, carefully

apramatta

mfn. not careless, careful, attentive, vigilant

apraṇīta

n. the act of frying clarified butter without consecrated water

aprastāvika

mf(ī-)n. irrelevant to the subject-matter

aprastuta

mfn. not principal, not being the chief subject-matter

aprastutapraśaṃsā

f. "conveying the subject-matter by that which is not the subject-matter", (in rhetoric) implied or indirect expression.

aprastutastuti

f. "conveying the subject-matter by that which is not the subject-matter", (in rhetoric) implied or indirect expression.

aprayāvam

([

]) or /a-prayāvan- [

] ind. (1. yu-), not carelessly, attentively, (see /a-prāyu-.)

aprayucchat

mfn. attentive

apṛkta

mfn. unmixed, uncombined (said of a word [as ā-and u-[

]or an affix

]consisting of a single letter id est of one not combined with another).

aprodita

mfn. not uttered

araṃgam

(Imper. 2. dual number gantam-;Opt. 2. sg. -gamyas-,1. plural -gam/eina-) to come near (in order to help), assist, attend (with dative case)

and

araṇa

n. (only for the etymology of araṇi-) the being fitted (as a piece of wood)

araṇi

f. "being fitted into"or"turning round", the piece of wood (taken from the Ficus Religiosa or Premna Spinosa) used for kindling fire by attrition

etc. (generally distinction is made between the lower one and the upper one, adharāraṇ/i-and uttarāraṇi-,the former may also be meant by araṇi-alone without adhara-)

arapacana

m. a mystical collective Name of the five buddha-s (each being represented by a letter).

āraṭi

f. (?) noise, roaring (in muktāraṭi-,"having uttered a roaring")

ard

Ved. cl.6 P. (Imper. 3. plural ṛdantu-; imperfect tense 3. plural /ārdan-) to move, be moved, be scattered (as dust),

cl.1 P. ardati- (/ardati-,"to go, move"

) to dissolve

, (Aorist ārdīt-

anarda-

) to torment, hurt, kill

; to ask, beg for (accusative)

cl.7. ṛṇatti-, to kill

: Causal ardayati- (subjunctive ardayāsi-,Imper. 2. sg. ardaya-, imperfect tense /ādayat-,2. sg. ard/ayas-; Aorist ārdidat-,or [after ma-] ardayit-

) to make agitated, stir up, shake vehemently

, to do harm, torment, distress

etc. (generally used in perf. Pass. p. ardita- q.v), to strike, hurt, kill, destroy

Desiderative ardidiṣati- ; [ Latin ardeo.]

ardhacandra

m. Name of the anusvāra- (from its being written in the older manuscripts in a semilunar form)

ardhākāra

m. "half the letter a- ", a Name of the avagraha- q.v

ardhatikta

mfn. "half-bitter", the plant Gentiana Chirata.

ardhodita

mfn. (fr. 2. udita-) half-uttered.

ardhokta

mfn. half, uttered, said imperfectly or indistinctly.

arepha

mfn. without the letter r.

ariṣṭa

n. good fortune, happiness

, buttermilk

arṇa

m. a letter, syllable

Name of a metre (comprising ten feet, and belonging to the class called daṇḍaka-)

arśoghora

m. one part of buttermilk with three parts of water

ārta

mfn. (optionally also written ārtta-,whence erroneously derived fr. ṛt-or even regarded as irreg. formation fr. ard-;See also Weber in

) fallen into (misfortune) , struck by calamity, afflicted, pained, disturbed

arthābhinirvṛtti

f. accomplishment or successful issue of any matter

arthacintā

f. attention or consideration of affairs

arthacintana

n. attention or consideration of affairs

arthakilbiṣin

mfn. dishonest in money matters

arthakovida

mfn. expert in any matter, experienced

arthakṛcchra

n. sg. ([

]) or plural ([

]) a difficult matter.

arthakṛtya

n. ([

]) ([

]) settling a matter or affair.

arthakṛtyā

f. ([

]) settling a matter or affair.

arthamātra

mfn. being only the matter itself.

arthaniścaya

m. decision of a matter

arthaniścaya

m. determinate view of a matter

arthāntara

n. another matter, a different or new circumstance, a similar case (often with ny--2. as-,to introduce some other matter as an illustrationSee arthāntara-nyāsa-below)

arthāntaranyāsa

m. introduction of some other matter (an illustration of a particular case by a general truth or of a general truth by a particular case)

artharūpa

n. a thing, matter,

arthasaṃdeha

m. a dubious or critical matter,

(varia lectio)

arthaśauca

n. purity, honesty in money matters (see -prayoga-above)

arthāt

ind. ablative according to the state of the case, according to the circumstance, as a matter of fact

arthatattva

n. the true state of a case, fact of the matter.

arthaviśeṣaṇa

n. (probably) specification of any matter,

arthopakṣepaka

mfn. "indicating or suggesting a matter (so as to facilitate the understanding of the plot)", a N. applied to the parts of a drama called viṣkambha-, cūlikā-, aṅkāsya-, aṅkāvatāra-, and praveśaka-, qq.vv.

arthopakṣepaṇa

n. suggesting or indicating a matter

aruḥsrāṇa

n. (defectively written aru-sr-) a kind of medical preparation for wounds

āruj

P. -rujati- (Inf. -r/uje-

) to break up, loosen ; to pull down, tear out ; to shatter, demolish

āruja

m. Name of a rākṣasa- attendant on rāvaṇa-

aruṇā

f. the plants Betula, madder (Rubia Manjith), Teori, a black kind of the same, Colocynth or bitter apple, the plant that yields the red and black berry used for the jewellers weight (called Retti)

arundhatī

f. the little and scarcely visible star Alcor (belonging to the Great Bear, and personified as the wife of one of its seven chief stars, vasiṣṭha-, or of all the seven, the so-called seven ṛṣi-s;at marriage ceremonies arundhatī- is invoked as a pattern of conjugal excellence by the bridegroom)

aṣāḍhā

f. sg. or plural Name of two lunar mansions (distinguished as pinvā and uttara-,"the former"and"the latter", and reckoned either as the eighteenth and nineteenth[

]or as the twentieth and twenty-first[

etc.])

āśākṛta

mfn. "formed into expectation", attended with the expectation (of being gratified) or with hope of success

asākṣika

mfn. unattested, unwitnessed

asālatiprakāśa

m. Name (also title or epithet) of a dictionary (written under asālati-, king of Kashmir).

asaṃsthita

mfn. not arrayed in one place, not collected, scattered

asaṃtyājya

mfn. not to be neglected or forgotten

asaṃyata

mfn. recited inattentively

asaṃyogopadha

mfn. (a word) the penultimate letter of which is not a conjunct consonant,

aśan

m. (connected with aś-) ([only /aśnā-(instrumental case)and /aśnas-,perhaps better derived from /aśman- q.v, see Whitney's Gr. 425 e]) , stone, rock

āsev

(rarely P.) A1. -sevati-, -te-, to frequent ; to abide in, inhabit, dwell on

; to attend to, serve ; to honour ; to take the part of, side with

etc. ; to enjoy (sexual intercourse) ; to indulge in, like ; to perform assiduously, practise

asevā

f. disregard, inattention.

asevita

mfn. neglected, unattended to

asevya

mfn. not to be served or attended to

āsic

f. an oblation of soma- or butter (poured out towards or for the gods)

asiknī

f. a girl attending in the women's apartments

asiknikā

f. (equals asiknī- q.v) a girl attending in the women's apartments

asitā

f. a girl attending in the women's apartments (whose hair is not whitened by age)

askandita

mfn. not neglected or forgotten (as time or a vow)

asmṛta

mfn. forgotten

asmṛti

ind. inattentively

asomapa

mfn. one who does not drink or is not admitted to drink the soma- juice

etc.

asparśapara

mfn. not followed by a letter called sparśa- q.v

āśrama

mn. a stage in the life of a Brahman (of which there are four corresponding to four different periods or conditions, viz. 1st, brahmacārin-,"student of the veda-"; 2nd, gṛha-stha-,"householder"; 3rd, vānaprastha-,"anchorite";and 4th, saṃnyāsin-,"abandoner of all worldly concerns", or sometimes bhikṣu-,"religious beggar";in some places the law-givers mention only three such periods of religious life, the first being then omitted)

etc.

aśreyas

mfn. (Comparative degree) not the better, inferior

āśrutkarṇa

mfn. having listening ears, listening attentively

aṣṭamūrti

m. "eight-formed", a Name of śiva- (as identified with the five elements, mind, egotism, and prakṛti- [matter];or, according to the opening of the śakuntalā-, with the five elements, the sun and moon and the sacrificing priest)

āstāra

m. spreading, strewing, scattering.

astavyasta

mfn. scattered hither and thither, confused, disordered

āstīrṇa

mfn. spread, strewed, scattered

āstīrya

ind.p. having scattered over or strewed

āstṛ

P. A1. -stṛṇoti-, -stṛṇute-, -starati-, -te- (generally ind.p. ā-stīrya- q.v) to, scatter over, cover, bestrew, spread

āstubh

P. -stobhati-, to receive or attend with shouts of joy ; to huzza to

aśvagopa

m. the attendant of a horse,

aśvatara

m. (Comparative degree of aśva-) a better horse

aśvatarā

f. a better mare

āsya

mfn. belonging to the mouth or face, belonging to that part of the mouth or face, belonging to that part of the mouth which is the organ of uttering sounds or letters

āṭ

ind. a croak (imitation of the sound uttered by a frog)

ātañcana

n. that which causes coagulation (as butter-milk which is thrown into fresh milk to turn it), runnet

aṭavika

better See āṭavika-

atharvaṇi

is-, better

atighnī

f. utter oblivion or profound sleep (obliterating all that is disagreeable in the, past, and regarded as the highest condition of bliss)

atihata

mfn. utterly destroyed

atikṛti

or better abhi-kṛti- q.v

atinicṛt

(or wrongly written ati-nivṛt-) f. Name of a Vedic metre of three pāda-s (containing respectively seven, six and seven syllables)

atipathin

(Nominal verb -panthās-) m. a better road than common

atipracit

-cekite- (equals -cikite-

;= Intensive -cekitte-

), to be clearly distinct or distinguishable

atiśākvara

mfn. written in or connected with the ati-śakvarī- metre.

atitarām

ind. better, higher, more (with ablative)

ātitheya

mf(ī- )n.

(fr. atithi-), proper for or attentive to a guest, hospitable

etc.

atithi

m. of an attendant on soma-

atithisevā

f. attention to a guest.

ativad

to speak louder or better, to surpass or overpower in disputing

etc. ; to ask for too much

atividhā

cl.3 A1. -dhatte-, to distribute too much

ātmaghoṣa

m. "uttering one's own name", a crow

ātmahan

m. a priest in a temple attendant upon an idol (the priest subsisting by appropriating to himself offerings to deities for which future punishment is assigned)

ātmaja

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).

) "born from or begotten by one's self", a son

etc.

ātmakṛta

mfn. (ātm/a--) done or committed against one's self

ātman

m. the individual soul, self, abstract individual [ exempli gratia, 'for example' ātm/an- (Ved. locative case) dhatte-, or karoti-,"he places in himself", makes his own

; ātmanā akarot-,"he did it himself"

; ātmanā vi-yuj-,"to lose one's life"

; ātman- in the sg. is used as reflexive pronoun for all three persons and all three genders exempli gratia, 'for example' ātmānaṃ sā hanti-,"she strikes herself"; putram ātmanaḥ spṛṣṭvā nipetatuḥ-,"they two having touched their son fell down"

; see also below sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ātmanā- ]

atra

ind. (or Vedic or Veda /a-trā-) (fr. pronominal base a-;often used in sense of locative case case asmin-), in this matter, in this respect

audaśvita

and audaśvitka- mfn. (fr. uda-śvit-), dressed with or made of buttermilk, like buttermilk

auddhatya

(with Buddhists) self-exaltation (one of the 10 fetters which bind a man to existence),

audumbara

mf(ī-)n. (in class. Sanskrit commonly written auḍu-) (fr. ud[ḍ]umb/ara-), coming from the tree udumbara- or Ficus Religiosa, made of its wood

etc.

aukāra

m. the letter or sound au-

aupapātika

mfn. (fr. upa-pātaka- irregular), one who has committed a secondary crime

avabhās

-bhāsate-, to shine forth, be brilliant

; to become manifest, appear as (instrumental case): Causal P. (parasmE-pada -bhāsayat-,wrongly written -bhāṣayat-

) to illuminate

etc. ; to make manifest

avabhāsita

mfn. illumined, lighted

(wrongly written ava-bhāṣita-,

) , etc.

avācya

mfn. not to be addressed

, improper to be uttered

avadāraṇa

mfn. breaking, shattering in pieces

avadāraṇa

n. breaking, shattering

āvadh

P. (Aorist 3. sg. /āvadhīt-

) to shatter, crush.

avadhāna

n. attention, attentiveness, intentness

, (see sāvadhana-.)

avadhānatā

f. ([

]) ([

]) attentiveness.

avadhānatva

n. ([

]) attentiveness.

avadhānavat

mfn. attentive,

, Scholiast or Commentator

avadhānin

mfn. "attentive", (gaṇa- iṣṭādi-, q.v)

avadhātavya

n. impersonal or used impersonally to be attended to.

avadhi

m. attention

avadhūlana

n. (see dhūli-) scattering over, strewing

avadhūlita

mfn. scattered over, covered

avadhvaṃs

A1. (perf. -dadhvase-) to be scattered or dispersed

; -dhvaṃsate-, to sprinkle, strew with (instrumental case)

: Causal -dhvaṃsayati- idem or 'See a-vadh/a-.'

avadhvasta

mfn. spotted, stippled

avāgagra

mfn. having the point turned downwards

(wrongly written avāṅ-agra-).

avaghuṣṭa

mfn. addressed aloud (to attract attention)

avagraha

m. the syllable or letter after which the separation occurs

, the chief member of a word so separated

avahita

mfn. (gaṇa- pravṛddhādi- q.v) attentive

avahitatā

f. application, attention

avakarṇaya

Nom. P. yati-, not to listen or attend to

avakāśya

mfn. "to be looked at", admitted in the recitation of the avakāśa- verses

avakirṇajaṭābhāra

mfn. whose tresses of hair are scattered or have become loose

avakṝ

-kirati- (imperfect tense avākirat-; ind.p. -kīrya-) to pour out or down, spread, scatter,

etc. ; (Potential -k/iret-) to spill one's semen virile

(see /ava-kīrṇa-and rṇin-below) ; to shake off, throw off, leave

; to bestrew, pour upon, cover with, fill

etc.: Passive voice -kīryate- (perf. -cakre-

,according to

commentator or commentary also A1. -kirate- Aorist avākirṣṭa-) to extend in different directions, disperse, pass away

; A1. (Aorist 3. plural avākīrṣata-) to fall off, become faithless,

, (see ava-s-kṝ-)

avakūj

(Opt. -kūjet-) to make a sound, utter (with na- negative not to make any allusion to, be silent)

avalagita

n. an addition made in the prologue of a drama and not having any particular reference to the latter

avamūtrita

mfn. wetted by the fluid excretion (of an insect)

āvap

P. -vapati-, to throw or scatter into ; to mix with ; to put together

; to insert

etc. ; to pour out ; to fill up

; to present, afford, supply ; to offer

: Causal P. -vāpayati-, to mix with

; to comb, smooth ; to shave

āvāpa

m. scattering, throwing

āvapana

n. the act of sowing, throwing, scattering, placing upon

āvapantaka

mf(ik/ā-)n. scattering

avaprasnuta

mfn. wetted by the fluid excretion (of a bird)

avaprasruta

mfn. wetted by the fluid excretion (of a bird)

avariph

(p. -riphat-) to utter a murmuring guttural sound

avarṇyasama

m. a sophism in which the argument still to be proved is confounded with the admitted one,

avaśarṇa

mfn. broken, shattered

avasekima

m. a kind of cake (pulse ground and fried with oil or butter)

avastāra

m. (

)"a litter, bed", (see nir-av-.)

avastṝ

P. -stṛṇāti- (1. sg. -stṛṇāmi- ind.p. -st/īrya-) to strew, scatter

; (perf. -tastāra-) to scatter over, cover with (instrumental case)

: A1. (perf. -tastare-) to penetrate (as a sound)

avastu

n. a worthless thing

, insubstantiality, the unreality of matter

avatviṣ

to glitter, shine

; to give

; to dwell

avekṣā

f. observation, care, attention to (locative case)

avekṣaṇa

n. the act of considering, attention, observation

avekṣin

mfn. attentive to (accusative)

avekṣitavya

mfn. to be observed attentively

avekṣya

mfn. to be attended to

avibarha

m. not scattering,

avikhyātadoṣa

mfn. one who has not manifestly committed a crime,

āvila

mfn. (also written ā-bila- q.v) turbid (as a fluid), foul, not clear

avisargin

mfn. unintermittent (as a fever)

aviśastṛ

m. an unskilful cutter up or killer (of animals)

avismṛta

mfn. not forgotten

avitatkaraṇa

(and a-vitad-bhaṣaṇa-) n. (with the pāśupata-s) doing (and speaking) what in general is held to be unsuitable or nonsensical (vi-tad-) but is admitted by the pāśupata-s from their own view.

avyavahita

mfn. separated by the letter a

āyajīyas

mfn. procuring more or better, procuring very much or very well (Comparative degree of ā-yaji-)

āyasta

mfn. sharpened, whetted

ayogavāha

m. "(sounds) which occur (in the actual language) without being given (by grammarians) together with (the other letters of the alphabet)", a term for anusvāra-, visarjanīya-, upadhmānīya-, jihvāmūlīya-, and the yama-s

on śivasūtra- 5 and on

ayukta

mfn. not attentive, not devout

etc.

āyuta

n. (/ā-yutam-) half-melted butter

the third letter of the labial class (often confounded with va-).

bādarāyaṇa

mfn. written or composed by bādarāyaṇa-

baddha

mfn. bound, tied, fixed, fastened, chained, fettered

etc.

baddha

mfn. bound by the fetters of existence or evil

baddha

mfn. congealed, clotted (as blood; opp. to drava-)

baddha

m. or n. ? (with jaina-s) that which binds or fetters the embodied spirit (viz. the connection of the soul with deeds)

badhira

mf(ā-)n. (sometimes written vadhira-) deaf

etc.

baḍiśa

mf(ā-or ī-)n. (also written vaḍiśa-and valiśa-; see also bariśī-) a hook, fish-hook

bāhaṭīya

mfn. written or composed by bāhaṭa-

bāhīka

mfn. (fr. bahis-;but also written vāhīka-) being outside, external, exterior

Va1rtt. 5

bahīnara

m. (also written vah-) Name of a man

bahirbhūta

mfn. inattentive, careless

bahu

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. much, many, frequent, abundant, numerous, great or considerable in quantity (n. also as substantive with genitive case)

(rarely in maṇḍ-. i-ix)

etc. (tadbahu-yad-,"it is a great matter that"

; tvayā me bahu kṛtaṃ-yad-,"you have done me a great service by -- or that --"

; kim bahunā-,"what occasion is there for much talk?" id est"in short"

)

bāhubandhana

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) "arm-fetter", encircling arms,

bahudāmā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bahudāman

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bahudhāgata

mfn. gone in various directions, dispersed, scattered

bahugranthi

m. "many-knotted", Tamarix Indica

bāhuka

m. (also written vāh-) N. assumed by nala- upon his becoming charioteer to king ṛtu-parṇa-

bahula

mf(/ā-)n. accompanied by, attended with

etc.

bahula

m. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bahuputrikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bahuyojanā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bahvanartha

mfn. attended with many evils

bahvapāya

mfn. attended with many dangers

bāhya

mf(ā-)n. (fr. bahis-;in later language also written vāhya- q.v; m. Nominal verb plural b/āhye-

) being outside (a door, house, etc.), situated without (ablative or compound), outer, exterior (accusative with kṛ-,to turn out, expel)

etc., etc.

bāhya

mf(ā-)n. (with artha-), meaning external to (id est not resulting from) the sounds or letters forming a word

bāhyārtha

m. external objects or matter or reality

baihīnari

m. (also written vaih-) patronymic fr. bahīnara-

Va1rtt. 6

(others fr. vih-)

baijavāpa

m. (also written vaij-) patronymic fr. bijavāpa-

baila

mf(ī-)n. (fr. bila-, also written vaila- q.v) living in holes (m.an animal living in holes)

baimbaki

m. (also written vai-) patronymic fr. bimba-

vArttika

baindava

m. (also written vai-) patronymic fr. bindu- gaRa bidādi-.

baka

m. (also written vaka-) a kind of heron or crane, Ardea Nivea (often figuratively = a hypocrite, cheat, rogue, the crane being regarded as a bird of great cunning and deceit as well as circumspection)

etc.

bakāra

m. the sound or letter ba-, the soft form of pa-.

bakula

m. (also written vakula-) a kind of tree, Mimusops Elengi (said to put forth blossoms when sprinkled with nectar from the mouth of lovely women)

etc.

bala

m. of an attendant on skanda-

bala

m. of a lexicographer (also written vala-)

bālabhāva

m. state of a child, childhood, minority, infancy, youth

(

"inattention")

etc.

balāka

m. (also written valāka-) a kind of crane (the flesh of which is eaten)

balakṣa

mf(ī-)n. (also written valakṣa-) white

etc. etc.

bālambhaṭṭa

mf(ī-)n. written or composed by bālam-bhaṭṭa-

balāsa

m. (also written balāśa-) a particular disease, consumption or phthisis

balbalā

onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds) (with kṛ-) to stammer, stutter

balbalākāra

m. stammering, stuttering

balh

(also written valh-; see barh-) cl.1 A1. valhate- to be excellent

; to speak ; to kill ; to hurt ; "to give"or"to cover" (dāna- varia lectio chādana-)

; cl.10 P. valhayati-,"to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-,or bhāsārthe-)

balhi

m. Name of a country, Balkh

(written vahli-).

baliśa

nf(i-or śī-). (also written val-) a hook, fish-hook

(see baḍiśa-).

ballava

m. (also written vallava-) a cowherd

(see go-b-)

balotkaṭā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

balva

n. (also written valva-,or valava-) Name of the second karaṇa- or astrological division of the day

baṇ

(also written vaṇ-) cl.1 P. vaṇati- (perfect tense vavāṇa-etc.; Causal Aorist avīvaṇat-,or avavāṇat-), to sound

bāṇa

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

baṇḍa

mf(ā-)n. (also written vaṇḍa-) maimed, defective, crippled (especially in the hands or feet or tail)

(Scholiast or Commentator also = impotent, emasculated; see paṇḍa-)

bandh

cl.9 P. (

) badhn/āti- (rarely A1. badhnīt/e-; cl.1 P. A1. bandhati-, te-

; cl.4 P. badhyati-

; imperative badhāna-

, bandhāna-

, -badhnīhi-

, bandha-

; perfect tense P. bab/andha-,3. plural bedh/us-

, babandhus-

; A1. bedh/e-, dhir/e-

, babandhe- grammar; future bhantsyati-

etc., bandhiṣyati-, te-

; banddhā- grammar; Aorist abhāntsīt- grammar; preceding badhyāt-

; infinitive mood banddhum-,or bandhitum-

, b/adhe-

ind.p. baddhv/ā-

, dhv/āya-

, -badhya-

; -bandham-

), to bind, tie, fix, fasten, chain, fetter

etc. ; to bind round, put on (

;later also P."on one's self")

etc. ; to catch, take or hold captive, met. = to attach to world or to sin

; to fix, direct, fasten, rivet (eyes, ears or mind) on (locative case or infinitive mood)

; to arrest, hold back, restrain, suppress, stop, shut, close

; to bind a sacrificial victim, offer, sacrifice (with dative case of the deity to whom it is presented)

; to punish, chastise

; to join, unite, put together or produce anything in this way, exempli gratia, 'for example' fold (the hands), clench (the fist), knit or bend (the eyebrows), arrange, assume (a posture), set up (a limit), construct (a dam or a bridge), span, bridge over (a river), conceive or contract (friendship or enmity), compose, construct (a poem or verse)

etc. ; to form or produce in any way, cause, effect, do, make, bear (fruit), strike (roots), take up (one's abode)

; to entertain, cherish, show, exhibit, betray (joy, resolution etc.)

: Passive voice badhy/ate- (ti-

), to be bound etc. etc. ; (especially) to be bound by the fetters of existence or evil, sin again

; to be affected by id est experience, suffer (instrumental case)

: Causal bandhayati- (Aorist ababandhat-), to cause to bind or catch or capture, imprison

etc. ; to cause to be built or constructed

; to cause to be embanked or dammed up

; to bind together (also bādhayati-)

: Desiderative bibhantsati- grammar : Intensive bābanddhi-, bābadhyate-

[ confer, compare Zend band; Greek , ; Latin foedus,fides; Lit.be4ndras; Gothic Anglo-Saxon bindan; German binden; English bind.]

bandha

m. binding, tying, a bond, tie, chain, fetter

etc.

bandhakaraṇa

n. binding, fettering, holding back (also by magic)

bandhakartṛ

m. a binder, fetterer, restrainer (said of śiva-)

bandhakatva

n. the being a fetter

bandhamudrā

f. the impression or mark of fetters

bandhana

mf(ī-)n. binding, tying, fettering

etc.

bandhana

n. the act of binding, tying, fastening, fettering

etc.

bandhana

n. (alsof(ī-).

) a bond, tie (also figuratively), rope, cord, tether

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with f(ā-). = bound to or fettered by)

bandhanakārin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') fettering id est clasping, embracing ( bandhanakāritā ri-tā- f.)

bandhapāśa

m. a bond, fetter

bandhya

mfn. to be bound or fettered or imprisoned

bandin

m. (also written vandin- q.v,and metri causa di-) a praiser, bard, herald (who sings the praises of a prince in his presence or accompanies an army to chant martial songs;these bards are regarded as the descendants of a kṣatriya- by a śūdra- female)

bandin

m. (also written vandin-) a prisoner, captive, slave

barbara

mfn. (also written varvara-) stammering (See -tā-)

barbaratā

f. a particular stammering pronunciation of the letter r-

barha

m. n. (also written varha-;1. bṛh-,"to pluck out") a tail-feather, the tail of a bird (especially of a peacock)

etc.

barhiṣya

mfn. belonging to or fitted for sacrificial grass

bariśī

f. (also written var-) a fishhook

barīvarda

m. (also written var-) equals balīvarda-, a bull

barkara

m. (also written varkara-) a kid, lamb

bāṣpa

m. (also written vāṣpa- see

) a tear, tears

etc.

basta

m. (also written vasta-) a goat

baṭu

m. (also written vaṭu-) a boy, lad, stripling, youth (especially a young Brahman, but also contemptuously applied to adult persons)

etc.

bauddha

mf(ī-)n. (fr. buddhi-) being in the mind, mental (= not uttered)

bava

n. (also written vava-) Name of the first karaṇa- or astrological division of the day

beh

(also written veh-) cl.1 A1. vehate-, to strive, make effort

; cl.1 P. vehati- equals vehāya-

bhadraghaṭa

(

) m. "vase of fortune", a lottery vase.

bhadraghaṭaka

(

) m. "vase of fortune", a lottery vase.

bhadrakālī

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhadraśoci

mfn. beautifully shining, glittering

bhadratara

mfn. more prosperous, happier, better

bhadravādin

mfn. uttering auspicious cries (said of a bird)

bhagadā

f. "giving welfare", Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhaganandā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhagna

mfn. broken (literally and figuratively), shattered, split, torn, defeated, checked, frustrated, disturbed, disappointed

etc. (sometimes forming the first instead of the second part of a compound exempli gratia, 'for example' grīvā-bhagna-, dharma-bh-for bhagna-grīva-, -dharma-;also"one who has broken a limb"

)

bhagnasaṃdhika

n. buttermilk (equals ghola-)

bhairava

m. Name of a form of śiva- (cf

)

(in the latter 8 bhairava-'s are enumerated, viz. mahā--, saṃhāra--, asitāṅga--, ruru-- kāla--, krodha--, tāmracūḍa--,or kapāla--, candracūḍa--or rudra-bh-;sometimes other names are given exempli gratia, 'for example' vidyā-rāja-, kāma-r-, nāga-r-, svacchanda-r-, lambita-r-, deva-r-, ugra-r-, vighna-r-)

bhakāra

m. the letter or sound bha-.

bhakṣajapa

m. the prayer muttered while drinking soma-

bhakṣyavastu

n. edible matter, victuals, viands

bhakta

mfn. distributed, assigned, allotted

etc.

bhaktavatsala

mfn. kind to worshippers or to faithful attendants

bhāladarśin

mfn. watching the forehead or brow (scilicet of his master), attentive (as a servant)

bhālukin

m. (also written vālukin-) Name of a teacher

bhaṃkārī

f. "uttering the sound bham-, humming ", a gad-fly

bhāṇḍarañjakamṛttikā

f. a particular colouring earth used by potters

bhaṅga

m. breaking, splitting, dividing, shattering, breaking down or up

etc.

bhāṅgaka

n. (fr. bhaṅga-) a tattered or ragged cloth

bhaṇita

mfn. uttered, spoken, said, related

bhañj

cl.7 P. (

) bhanakti- (perfect tense babh/añja-

etc., 3. plural A1. babhañjire-

; Aorist abhāṅkṣīt-

; future bhaṅkṣyati-, ktā-

; ind.p. bhaṅktvā-, bhaktvā-or -bhajya-

), to break, shatter, split

etc. ; to break into, make a breach in (a fortress, with accusative)

; to rout, put to flight, defeat (an army)

; to dissolve (an assembly)

; to break up id est divide (a sūtra-)

; to bend

; to check, arrest, suspend, frustrate, disappoint

etc.: Passive voice bhajy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāji-or abhañji-

), to be broken or break (intr.) etc.

etc. etc.: Causal bhañjayati- (Aorist ababhañjat-) grammar : Desiderative bibhaṅkṣati-

: Intensive bambhajyate- or jīti-

[Perhaps for originally bhrañj-; confer, compare bhraj-; Latin frangere,nau-fraga; German brechen; English break.]

bhañjana

n. breaking, shattering, crushing, destroying, annihilating, frustrating

etc.

bharaṭa

m. a potter or a servant

(see

)

bhārgava

mf(ī-)n. a potter

(

)

bhāsana

n. shining, glittering, brilliance, splendour

bhāṣita

mfn. spoken, uttered, said

bhāskara

mfn. (also bhāḥ-kara-

) "making light", shining, glittering, bright

(varia lectio bhāsura-and svara-)

bhāsurahemarāśi

m. a glittering heap of gold

bhaṭṭa

m. (fr. bhartṛ-) lord, my lord (also plural and bhaṭṭapāda -pāda- m. plural;according to

,a title of respect used by humble persons addressing a prince;but also affixed or prefixed to the names of learned Brahmans, exempli gratia, 'for example' kedāra--, govinda-bh-etc., or bhaṭṭa-kedāra-etc., below, the proper name being sometimes omitted exempli gratia, 'for example' bhaṭṭa-= kumārila-bh-;also any learned man = doctor or philosopher)

etc.

bhāulācārya

m. Name of an author (also written bhāḍalācārya-)

bhava

m. of a deity attending on rudra- and frequently connected with śarva- (later Name of śiva- or a form of śiva-;or Name of a rudra-, and as such of the number 11 or of the 11th lunar mansion

; dual number bhavau-= bhava- id est śiva- and his wife bhavānī-

; see

)

etc.

bhāva

m. (in rhetoric) passion, emotion (2 kinds of bhāva-s are enumerated, the sthāyin-or primary, and vyabhicārin-or subordinate;the former are 8 or 9 according as the rasa-s or sentiments are taken to be 8 or 9;the latter 33 or 34)

etc.

bhāvabandhana

mfn. fettering or joining hearts (as love)

bhavabandheśa

m. "lord of the fetters of worldly existence", Name of śiva-

bhavadā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhavanibandhavināśin

mfn. "destroying the fetters of worldly existence"

bhavanigaḍanibandhacchedana

mf(ī-)n. (

) destroying the chains and fetters of worldly existence.

bhavanigaḍanibandhacchedhavināśin

(

) mfn. destroying the chains and fetters of worldly existence.

bhāvārtha

m. the subject-matter

(see compound)

bhāvaskhalita

n. an offence (committed only) in the mind

bhāvin

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhāvya

mfn. to be (or being) argued or demonstrated or admitted or approved

bhayacaurya

n. a theft committed with fear or danger

bhayaṃkarī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhayottara

mfn. attended with fear

bheḍī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhedin

mfn. (in philosophy) one who separates spirit and matter or holds the doctrine of dualism

bherīsvanamahāsvanā

f. "loud-sounding like the sound of a kettle-drum", Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhid

cl.7.P. A1. (

) bhin/atti-, bhintte- (imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /abhinat-

; subjunctive bhin/aadaḥ-

; imperative bindh/i-

; binddhi-

[ confer, compare binddhi-lavaṇā-];cl.1. P. bh/edati-

; Potential bhideyam-

; perfect tense bibh/eda-

; Aorist , 2. 3. sg. bh/et-

abhaitsīt-

; bhitthās-

; preceding bhitsīṣṭa- grammar; future bhetsy/ati-, te-

etc.; Conditional abhetsyat-

; future bhettā- grammar; infinitive mood bh/ettav/ai-

; bhettum-

etc.; ind.p. bhittv/ā-, -bhidya-

etc.) , to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy

etc.,; to pass through (as a planet or, comet)

; to disperse (darkness)

; to transgress, violate, (a compact or alliance)

etc. ; to open, expand

; to loosen, disentangle, dissolve

etc. ; to disturb, interrupt, stop

; to disclose, betray

etc. ; to disunite, set at variance

; to distinguish, discriminate

: Passive voice bhidy/ate- (Epic also ti- Aorist abhedi-

etc.; perfect tense bibhide-

), to be split or broken, burst (intrans.)

etc. ; to be opened (as a closed hand, eyes etc.)

; to overflow (as water)

; to be loosened, become loose

; to be stopped or interrupted

; to be disclosed or betrayed

; to be changed or altered (in mind), be won over

; to be disunited

; to keep aloof from (instrumental case)

; to be distinguished, differ from (ablative)

etc.: Causal bhedayati-, te- (Aorist abībhidat-; confer, compare also bhidāpana-), to cause to split or break etc. ; to split, break, shatter, crush, destroy

; to separate, divide (See bhedita-) ; to disunite, set at variance, perplex, unsettle (in opinion), seduce, win over

: Desiderative b/ibhitsati-, te-, to wish to break through or disperse or defeat

(confer, compare, bibhitsā-): Desiderative of Causal See bibhedayiṣu-: Intensive bebhidīti- or bebhetti-, to cleave repeatedly

[ confer, compare Latin findo; German beissen; English bite.]

bhidaka

m. "cutter"or"wounder", a sword

bhikṣotkara

m. scattering alms

bhīṇī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

(Bombay edition bhītī-).

bhinna

mfn. split, broken, shattered, pierced, destroyed

etc.

bhīṣaka

m. (fr. Causal) Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

(see bhīmaka-)

bhītī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

(Bombay edition)

bhlāś

(connected with bhrāś-), cl.1. 4. A1. bhlāśate-, śyate- (perfect tense babhlāśe-,or bhleśe-etc.) , to shine, beam, glitter

bhogavatī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bhos

(fr. bhavas- vocative case of bhavat- q.v;before vowels and soft consonants bho-;before hard consonants bhos-and bhoḥ-;the latter form also in pause see

;but there is occasional confusion of these forms, especially in later literature;often also bhobhoḥ-.), an interjection or vocative case particle commonly used in addressing another person or several persons = O! Ho! Hallo l, in soliloquies = alas!

etc. etc. (according to

a particle of sorrow and of interrogation).

bhrāj

cl.1 A1. (

) bhr/ājate- (rarely P. ti-; perfect tense babhrāja-

; bhreje-, babhrājire-and bhrejire- grammar; Aorist abhrāṭ-, abhrāji-

; abhrājiṣṭa- grammar; preceding bhrājyāsam-

; future bhrājitā- grammar; bhrājiṣyate-

; infinitive mood bhrājitum-

), to shine, beam, sparkle, glitter

etc. ; (with na-), to be of no account

: Causal bhrājayati- (Aorist ababhrājat-and abibhrajat-), to cause to shine or glitter, illuminate, irradiate

: Desiderative bibhrājiṣate- grammar ; Intensive bābhrājyate- or bābhrāṣṭi-

[ confer, compare bhṛgu-; Greek ; Latin fulgere,flammaforflag-maetc.; Lithuanian blizgu4; German bleichen; English bleach.]

bhrāja

mfn. shining, glittering

bhrājas

n. sparkling, flashing, glittering, lustre, brilliance

bhrājasvat

mfn. (bhr/ā-) sparkling, glittering

bhrājasvin

mfn. sparkling, glittering

bhrājat

mfn. shining, gleaming, glittering

bhrājin

mfn. shining, glittering

bhram

cl.1 P. (

) bhramati- (Epic also te-) and cl.4 P. (

), bhrāmyati- (Potential bhramyāt-

; perfect tense babhrāma-,3. plural babhramuḥ-or bhremuḥ-

etc.; future bhramitā- grammar; bhramiṣyati-

; Aorist abhramīt-

; infinitive mood bhramitum-or bhrāntum-

etc.; ind.p. bhramitvā-, bhrāntvā-, -bhrāmya-

), to wander or roam about, rove, ramble (with deśam-,to wander through or over a country;with bhikṣām-,go about begging)

etc. ; to fly about (as bees)

; to roll about (as the eyes)

; to wag (as the tongue)

; to quiver (as the fetus in the womb)

; to move to and fro or unsteadily, flicker, flutter, reel, totter

; to move round, circulate, revolve (as stars)

; to spread, be current (as news)

; to waver, be perplexed, doubt, err

: Passive voice Aorist abhrāmi- (impersonal or used impersonally,with te-,"you have wandered or roamed about")

: Causal bhrāmayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist abibhramat-: Passive voice bhrāmyate-), to cause to wander or roam, drive or move about, agitate

etc. ; (with paṭaham-or ha-ghoṣaṇām-), to move a drum about, proclaim by beat of drum

; to cause to move or turn round or revolve, swing, brandish

etc. ; to drive through (accusative) in a chariot

; to disarrange

; to cause to err, confuse

; to move or roam about (Aorist abibhramat-; Bombay edition ababhramat-)

: Desiderative bibhramiṣati- grammar : Intensive bambhramīti-, bambhramyate- (also with pass. meaning) and bambhrānti- (only grammar), to roam about repeatedly or frequently, wander through, circumambulate

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin fremere; German bre0men,brimmen,brummen; English brim,brim-stone.]

bhrama

m. a potter's wheel

bhramara

m. a potter's wheel

bhrāmara

m. of a yoginī- or female attendant of durgā-

bhrami

f. a potter's wheel or a turner's lathe

(varia lectio ma-)

bhraṃś

or bhraś- (sometimes written bhraṃs-; see bhṛś-) cl.1 A1. (

) bhraṃśate- (once in

P. ti-) cl.4 P. (

;cf. bhṛś-) bhraśyati- (Epic also A1. te- perfect tense babhraṃśa- śe- grammar; Aorist subjunctive bhraśat-

; abhraṃśiṣṭa- grammar; future bhraṃśiṣyati-, te-; bhraṃśitā-

; ind.p. bhraṃśitvā-and bhraṣṭvā-

), to fall, drop, fall down or out or in pieces

etc. ; to strike against (locative case)

; to rebound from (ablative)

; to fall (figuratively), decline, decay, fail, disappear, vanish, be ruined or lost

etc. ; to be separated from or deprived of, lose (ablative)

etc. ; to slip or escape from (genitive case)

; to swerve or deviate from, abandon (ablative)

: Causal bhraṃśayati- (or bhrāśayati-; see bhr/āśya-and ni-bhraṃś-; Aorist ababhraṃśat-; Passive voice bhraṃśyate-), to cause to fall (literally and figuratively), throw down, overthrow

etc. ; to cause to disappear or be lost destroy

; to cause to escape from (ablative)

; to cause to deviate from (ablative)

; to deprive any one (accusative) of (ablative; exempli gratia, 'for example' upavāsāt-or vratāt-,"of the reward for fasting or performing any observance")

etc.: Desiderative bibhraṃśiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive bābhraśyate-, bhraṣṭi- ; banībhraśyate- or bhraṃśyate-

bhraṇ

cl.1 P. bhraṇati- (perfect tense babhrāṇa-etc.) , to sound, utter a sound

bhrāś

(varia lectio bhrās-; see bhlāś-) cl.1.4. A1. bhrāśate-, śyate-

(śyati-

; perfect tense babhrāśe-and bhreśe-

; future bhrāśiṣyate-, śitā- Aorist abhrāśiṣṭa-), to shine, glitter

: Causal bhrāśayati- (Aorist ababhrāśat-,or abibhraśat-) grammar : Desiderative bibhrāśiṣate-

: Intensive bābhrāśyate-, bābhrāṣṭi-

bhraṣṭakriya

mfn. one who has discontinued or omitted prescribed acts

bhrej

(allied to1. bhrāj-) cl.1 A1. bhrāj- (perfect tense bibhreje-etc.) , to shine, glitter

: Causal bhrejayati- (Aorist abibhrejat-) grammar

bhreṣ

(allied to bhraṃś-and hreṣ-) cl.1 P. A1. (

) bhreṣati-, te- (perfect tense bibreṣa-, ṣe-etc. grammar), to totter, waver, slip, make a false step

; to be angry

; to fear

; to go

(gatau-

)

bhreṣa

m. tottering, slipping, going astray or amiss, failure

bhṛgavāṇa

mfn. (prob.) shining, glittering (

"acting like bhṛgu-")

bhṛṅgarīṭa

(

) (

) m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (see bhṛṅgin-, bhṛṅgiriṭa-etc.)

bhṛṅgariṭi

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (see bhṛṅgin-, bhṛṅgiriṭa-etc.)

bhṛṅgarīṭi

(

) m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (see bhṛṅgin-, bhṛṅgiriṭa-etc.)

bhṛṅgi

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (see next)

bhṛṅgin

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (see bhṛṅgariṭi-, giriṭa-etc.)

bhṛṅgiriṭa

m. giriṭau- (

) dual number Name of two of śiva-'s attendants.

bhṛṅgiriṭi

m. riṭī- (

) dual number Name of two of śiva-'s attendants.

bhrūbhedin

mfn. frowning, attended with frowns

bhū

cl.1 P. (

) bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare

; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu-

; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve-

; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu-

; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni-

; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās-

; bhūyāt-

; bhūyiṣṭhās-

; bhaviṣāt-[?]

; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā-

etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi-

; bhavitum-, tos-

; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī-

; -bh/ūya-

etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam-

), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur

etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite

;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done

;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning

;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed

; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted

; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this

; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked

; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless

;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die

etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth

;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces

;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof.

;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one

; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone

) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to

also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative)

etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-)

(confer, compare

) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing)

etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit

) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case)

; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed

; to be of consequence or useful

; (also A1.

) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain

; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate

: Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti-

; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be

: Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum-

; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc.

), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create

; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further

etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative)

; to subdue, control

; (also A1.

) to obtain

; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray

; to purify

; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative)

etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume

(confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (

), to wish to cause to be etc.

: Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be

etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed

; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed

; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour

; to want to take revenge

: Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of

; to be transformed into (accusative)

; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret

[ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.]

bhū

f. object, matter (See vivādasaṃvāda-bhū-)

bhū

f. a term for the letter l-

bhūmi

f. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') a matter, subject, object, receptacle id est fit object or person for (see viśvāsa--, sneha-bh-etc., and pātra-, bhājana-)

bhūridakṣiṇa

mfn. attended with rich presents or rewards

bhūripāśa

(bh/ūri--) m. dual number "holders of many fetters", Name of mitra-- varuṇa-

bhūrja

n. a leaf made of birch bark for writing on

; a written deed, document,

[ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian bre7za; Lithuanian be4rzas; German bircha,Birke; English birch.]

bhuśuṇḍi

f. a kind of weapon (perhaps fire-arms;also written bhuṣuṇḍi-, ḍī-,and bhūśuṇḍi-, ḍī-)

bhuśuṇḍī

f. a kind of weapon (perhaps fire-arms;also written bhuṣuṇḍi-, ḍī-,and bhūśuṇḍi-, ḍī-)

bhūta

mf(ā-)n. actually happened, true, real (n. an actual occurrence, fact, matter of fact, reality)

etc.

bhūtacaitanya

n. intellectuality of matter

bhūtagrāma

m. any aggregate or elementary matter, the body

bhūtārabdha

mfn. plural (? n.) all organic matter

bhūtārthānubhava

m. the apprehension of any matter of fact

bhūtasampṛkta

mfn. combined with elementary matter

bhūtitīrthā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on, skanda-

bhuvas

ind. (originally Nominal verb or vocative case plural of 2. bh/ū-) the air, atmosphere (one of the 3 sacred utterances or vyāhṛti-s [q.v.] uttered between bhūr-,earth, and svar-[qq. vv.], heaven;it comes 2nd of the series when 7 or 14 worlds are enumerated

)

etc. (it becomes bhuvar-in bhuvar-loka-,"the world of the air"

)

bibboka

m. (also written vivvoka-,or vibboka-) haughty indifference

bida

m. (also written vida-) Name of a man

plural his family

biḍāla

m. (also written viḍāla-of doubtful origin; see

) a cat

etc.

bidālikā

f. a little cat, kitten

bīja

n. (also written vīja-,of doubtful origin; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) seed (of plants), semen (of men and animals), seed-corn, grain

etc.

bīja

n. the mystical letter or syllable which forms the essential part of the mantra- of any deity

bījadravya

n. primary or original matter

bījanirvāpaṇa

n. scattering or sowing seed

bījin

m. any begetter, father

bila

n. (also written vila-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a cave, hole, pit, opening, aperture

etc.

billa

n. (also written villa-) a pit, hole, reservoir (= talla-or ālavāla-)

bimba

mn. (also written vimba-,or vimva-,of doubtful origin, but see

; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) the disk of the sun or moon

etc.

bindu

m. (once n.

;in later language mostly written vindu-) a detached particle, drop, globule, dot, spot

etc.

bindu

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' also -ka-) the dot over a letter representing the anusvāra- (supposed to be connected with śiva- and of great mystical importance)

binducitra

m. the spotted antelope.

binducitraka

m. the spotted antelope.

bindukita

mfn. dotted over

bindula

m. a particular venomous insect

(written vi-).

bisa

n. (m.only

;also written vīsa-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a shoot or sucker, the film or fibre of the water-lily or lotus, also the stalk itself or that part of it which is underground (eaten as a delicacy)

etc.

boddhavya

mfn. ( budh-) to be attended to or noticed

bodhinmanas

mfn. (according to

fr. bodhit-m-) one whose mind is awake, watchful, attentive

bradhma

m. a particular disease

(written vr-; see bradhna-and budhna-roga-).

brahmabindu

m. a drop of saliva sputtered while reciting the veda-

brahmajyotis

n. the splendour of brahma- or of the Supreme Being

(also written brahma-jy-)

brahman

n. (literally"growth","expansion","evolution","development""swelling of the spirit or soul", fr.2. bṛh-) pious effusion or utterance, outpouring of the heart in worshipping the gods, prayer

brahmarava

m. muttering of prayers

brahmarekhā

f. " brahmā-'s line", the lines of a man's destiny supposed to be written by brahmā- on the forehead of a child on the 6th day after its birth

brāhmī

f. (of brāhm/a- q.v) the śakti- or personified energy of brahmā- (regarded as one of the 8 mātṛ-s or divine mothers of created beings;in

they are said to attend skanda-)

brahmojjha

mfn. one who has neglected or forgotten the veda-

bṛh

or bṛṃh- cl.1 P. (

) bṛṃhati- (also te-

and bṛhati-

; perfect tense babarha-

;

parasmE-pada babṛhāṇ/a-

), to be thick, grow great or strong, increase (the finite verb only with a preposition): Causal bṛṃhayati-, te- (also written vṛ-), to make big or fat or strong, increase, expand, further, promote

; barhayati- See sam-bṛh-: Intensive barbṛhat-, barbṛhi- See upa-bṛh-.

bṛh

or bṛṃh- (also written vṛh-or vṛṃh-). cl.1 P. (

) bṛnhati- (or barhati-;3. plural perfect tense A1. babṛiṃhire-

), to roar, bellow, trumpet (said of an elephant)

etc. ; also cl.10 P. (

) to speak ; to shine.

bṛhadambālikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

bṛhaspati

m. (also written vṛh-p-;fr. 3. bṛk pati-; see brahmaṇas-pati-) "lord of prayer or devotion"Name of a deity (in whom Piety and Religion are personified;he is the chief offerer of prayers and sacrifices, and therefore represented as the type of the priestly order, and the purohita- of the gods with whom he intercedes for men;in later times he is the god of wisdom and eloquence, to whom various works are ascribed;he is also regarded as son of aṅgiras-, husband of tārā- and father of kaca-, and sometimes identified with vyāsa-;in astronomy he is the regent of Jupiter and often identified with that planet)

etc., etc. (see

)

bṛhat

mf(at/ī-)n. (in later language usually written vṛhat-) lofty, high, tall, great, large, wide, vast, abundant, compact, solid, massy, strong, mighty

etc.

bṛṃhaṇīya

mfn. to be fattened or nourished

bṛṃhaṇīya

mfn. fattening, nutritious

bṛṃhitā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

bṛsī

f. (also written briṣī-, vṛsī-,or vṛṣī-) a roll of twisted grass, pad, cushion, (especially) the seat of a religious student or of an ascetic,

bubodhayiṣu

mfn. (fr. Desiderative of Causal) wishing to excite the attention, desirous of admonishing

(see bibodhayiṣu-).

buddhikāmā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

buddhiviṣaya

m. a matter apprehensible by reason

budh

cl.1 P. A1. (

) bodhati-, te- ; cl.4 A1.

b/udhyate- (Epic also P. ti-; perfect tense P. bubodha-

; subjunctive b/ubodhati-

; A1. bubudh/e-, parasmE-pada bubudhān/a-

; Aorist P. subjunctive bodhiṣat-

; imperative bodhi-

; A1.3 plural abudhram-, ran-; parasmE-pada budhān/a-

subjunctive budh/anta-

; abhutsi-

; preceding A1. bhutsīṣṭa-

; future bhotsyati-, te-

etc.; boddhā- grammar; ind.p. buddhvā-

; -budhya-

etc.; infinitive mood b/udhe-

; budh/i-

; boddhum-

etc.) , to wake, wake up, be awake

etc. ; to recover consciousness (after a swoon)

(Aorist Passive voice abodhi-) ; to observe, heed, attend to (with accusative or genitive case)

; to perceive, notice, learn, understand, become or be aware of or acquainted with

etc. ; to think of id est present a person ("with" instrumental case)

; to know to be, recognize as (with two accusative)

etc. ; to deem, consider or regard as (with two accusative)

: Passive voice budhyate- (Aorist abodhi-), to be awakened or restored to consciousness ; See above: Causal bodh/ayati-, te- (Aorist abūbudhat-; Passive voice bodhyate-), to wake up, arouse, restore to life or consciousness

etc. ; to revive the scent (of a perfume)

; to cause (a flower) to expand

; to cause to observe or attend, admonish, advise

etc. ; to make a person acquainted with, remind or inform of. impart or communicate anything to (with two accusative)

etc.: Desiderative bubhutsati-, te- (grammar also bubodhiṣati-, te-,and bubudhiṣati-, te-), to wish to observe, desire to become acquainted with

: Desiderative of Causal See bibodhayiṣu- and bubodhayiṣu-: Intensive bobudhīti- (grammar also bobudhyate-, boboddhi-), to have an insight into, understand thoroughly (with accusative)

[ confer, compare Zend bud; Greek for () in, Slavonic or Slavonian bu8de8ti,bu8dru8; Lithuanian bude4ti,budru4s; Gothic biudan; German biotan,bieten; Anglo-Saxon be4odan; English bid.]

budhagupta

m. Name of a prince (also written buddha-g-)

buka

m. (also written vuka-) Agati Grandiflora

the 20th letter of the alphabet, 1st of the 2nd (or palatal) class of consonants, having the sound of ch in church.

ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented

;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in

the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou",

);the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?"

);in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position"

);elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river"

);in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[

] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"

; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united"

);with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"

; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he"

);occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"

; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"

); ca-ca-,though-yet

; ca-na ca-,though - yet not

; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.',

; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet

; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"

; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being"

) , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"

; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god",

); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare

;the verb is accented)

; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy"

);(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.])

cakāra

m. the letter or sound ca-.

cakra

n. a potter's wheel

(see -bhrama-etc.)

cakra

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

cakracara

m. "a juggler" (see cakrāṭa-) or"a potter" (Scholiast or Commentator)

cakrajīvaka

m. "living by his wheel", a potter

cakranemi

f. "wheel-felly", Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

cakravṛtta

mfn. (kr/a--) turned on a potter's wheel

cākrika

m. a potter

cakrin

m. a potter

can

cl.1. nati-, to sound, utter a sound

; to hurt, injure

caṇḍa

m. of an attendant of yama- or of śiva-

caṇḍā

f. Name of an attendant of the 12th arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

caṇḍeśvara

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

caṇḍī

f. of a female attendant of durgā-

candra

mf(ā-)n. (fr. ścandr/a- q.v) glittering, shining (as gold), having the brilliancy or hue of light (said of gods, of water[

] and of soma-)

candrabha

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

candrahāsa

m. (equals -bhāsa-),"moon-derider", a glittering scimitar

candraśītā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

(-śilā-,C) .

candravaṃśa

m. the lunar race of kings (2nd great line of royal dynasties, the progenitor of which was soma- the Moon, child of the ṛṣi- atri- and father of budha- [Mercury see candra-ja-];the latter married iḷā-, daughter of the solar king ikṣvāku-, and had by her a son, aila- or purūravas-;this last had a son by urvaśī-, named āyus-, from whom came nahuṣa-, father of yayāti-;the latter had two sons, puru- and yadu-, from whom proceeded the two branches of the lunar line;in that of yadu- was born kṛṣṇa- and bala-rāma-;in that of puru- came duṣyanta-, hero of the śakuntalā- and father of the great bharata-; 9th from bharata- came kuru-, and 14th from him śāntanu-, who had a son vicitra-vīrya- and a step-son vyāsa-;the latter married the two widows of his half-brother, and had by them dhṛtarāṣṭra- and pāṇḍu-, the wars of whose sons form the subject of the

) (see sūrya-v-.)

candravatī

f. of the wife of a potter

cāra

m. a bond, fetter

caradravya

n. plural "movables", goods and chattels

cāraka

m. a fetter

carcarī

f. flattery

cārikā

f. "a female attendant" See antaḥpura--

carmagrīva

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

carmāvakartin

m. "leather-cutter", = ma-kṛt-

carmin

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

caru

m. an oblation (of rice, barley and pulse) boiled with butter and milk for presentation to the gods or manes

etc. (plural

) .

cārumat

m. of a female attendant

cāruvaktra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

cāṣavaktra

m. "jay-faced", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

caṭu

mn. (

; caṭ-

; gaRa sidhmādi-), kind or flattering words, amorous chattering (of birds)

cāṭu

m. n. sg. and plural (see caṭu-) pleasing or graceful words or discourse, flattery

etc.

catuḥsaṃkara

mfn. (a lawsuit) in which 4 matters are mingled

caṭukāra

mfn. speaking to please or flatter any one

cāṭukāra

mfn. speaking agreeably or kindly, flattering, flatterer

caṭula

n. plural sweet or flattering words

caṭulālasa

mfn. desirous of flattery

caṭūpamā

f. a flattery said in a simile

cātura

mfn. speaking kindly, flattering

cāturaka

mfn. flattering

caturdaṃṣṭra

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

caturdola

m. n. a royal litter

cāturhotriya

mfn. attended by 4 chief priests (agni-)

caturmahārājakāyika

m. plural (equals cāt-) "belonging to the attendance of those 4 great kings", Name of a class of deities

caturtha

m. the 4th letter in the first 5 classes of consonants (gh-, jh-, ḍh-, dh-, bh-)

caturvaktra

m. of an attendant of durgā-

caturvarṇa

four letters

caturyama

n. the having 4 tones of utterance

catuṣkarṇī

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

catuṣpathaniketā

f. "abiding on a cross-way", Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

cāṭuvacana

n. a pleasing word, flattery

catvaravāsinī

f. (see catuṣpatha-niketā-) Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

cetiṣṭha

mfn. (fr. c/ettṛ-) most attentive (with genitive case)

cettṛ

mfn. attentive, guardian,

(See also sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 4. cit-)

(cett/ṛ-)

chacchikā

butter-milk

chāga

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

chakāra

m. the letter or sound cha-.

chalitarāma

n. "the outwitted rāma-", Name of a drama

chāttradarśana

n. "looked at by pupils", fresh butter

chāttragomin

mfn. any one attendant on pupils

chattrinyāya

m. "the manner of applying the term chattrin- to a king ", permitted synonym

chedakara

m. a wood-cutter

chettṛ

mfn. one who cuts off, cutter, woodcutter

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

chid

cl.7. chin/atti-, chintte- (imperative n/attu-;2. sg. ndh/i-[ confer, compare

];2. dual number nt/am-; subjunctive 1. sg. n/adai-; Potential ndet-

; cl.9. 1. sg. chinnāmi-

; imperfect tense 2. sg. achinad-,or nas-

; perfect tense ciccheda-, cchide-; parasmE-pada cchidvas-,

; Aorist acchidat-or acchaitsīt-[ subjunctive ch-

etc.]

;2. sg. chitsi-

;1. plural chedma-

; A1. acchitta-and 2. sg. tthās-[ subjunctive ch-

; future chetsyati-,

; ind.p. chittvā- infinitive mood chettum-; Passive voice chidyate-;

See /a-cchidyamāna-; Aorist /acchedi-and chedi-

) to cut off, amputate, cut through, hew, chop, split, pierce

etc. ; to divide, separate from (ablative;exceptionally instrumental case

)

; to destroy, annihilate, efface, blot out

etc. ; (in mathematics) to divide

: Passive voice to be split or cut, break

: Causal chedayati- (Aorist acicchidat-) to cut off.

; to cause to cut off or through

: Desiderative See cicchitsu- : Intensive cecchidīti- (

), dyate- (

Va1rtt. 2

) ; future Ist ditā-,

Va1rtt. 2

; ([ confer, compare , etc.; Latin scindo; Gothic skeida.])

chṛd

cl.7. (imperative chṛṇattu-,2. sg. chṛndhi-; future, chardiṣyati-and chartsy-

; perfect tense caccharda-,3. plural cchṛdur-,

Va1rtt. 3

) to vomit

; to utter, leave

; P. A1. (chṛntte-) to shine

; to play

: cl.1. chardati- (varia lectio rpati-) to kindle,

: Causal chardayati- idem or 'f. see '

(varia lectio rpay-) ; to cause to flow over

; to vomit, eject (with or without accusative)

; to cause to spit or vomit

; A1. to vomit

: Desiderative cicchardiṣati- and cchṛtsati-

: Causal Desiderative cicchardayiṣati-,

Va1rtt. 2

; see ā--, pra--.

cidacicchaktiyukta

mfn. having power (śakti-) over mind and matter

cidacinmaya

mfn. consisting of mind and matter

cidacit

"thought and non-thought, mind and matter", in compound

cikitsā

f. medical attendance, practice or science of medicine (especially therapeutics, one of the six sections of med.)

cikitvan

mfn. attentive

cikitvas

mf(t/uṣī-)n. observing, attending to, attentive

cikitvinmanas

mfn. attentive,

["knowing all hearts"

]

cipiṭa

mf(ā-)n. blunted, flattened, flat

cipiṭaka

m. flattened rice

cipiṭīkṛta

mfn. flattened

cīra

n. ( ci-

) a strip, long narrow piece of bark or of cloth, rag, tatter, clothes

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' paroxytone

)

cit

cl.1. c/etati- (imperfect tense acetat-

; parasmE-pada c/etat-

) cl.2. (A1. Passive voice 3. sg. cit/e-,

; parasmE-pada f. instrumental case citantyā-,

; A1. citāna-,

) cl.3. irreg. cīhetati- (

; subjunctive ciketat-

; imperative 2. sg. cikiddhi-

; parasmE-pada cikitān/a-

; perf. cik/eta-

etc.; ciceta-

;3. dual number cetatur-

; A1.and Passive voice cikit/e-

etc.;3. plural tre-

;for parasmE-pada cikitv/as-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order; A1. Passive voice cicite-

; Aorist acetīt-

; A1. Passive voice /aceti-and c/eti-

;for acait-See 2. ci-; future 1st c/ettā-,

) to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive, observe, take notice of (accusative or genitive case)

; to aim at, intend, design (with dative case)

; to be anxious about, care for (accusative or genitive case),

; to resolve,

; to understand, comprehend, know (perf. often in the sense of proper)

; P. A1. to become perceptible, appear, be regarded as, be known

: Causal cet/ayati-, te- (2. plural cet/ayadhvam- subjunctive cetayat- imperative 2. dual number cetayethām- imperfect tense /acetayat-

;3. plural cit/ayante-

; parasmE-pada cit/ayat-

(eleven times); cet/ayat-,

; A1. cetayāna-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) to cause to attend, make attentive, remind of.

; to cause to comprehend, instruct, teach

; to observe, perceive, be intent upon

; A1. (once P.

) to form an idea in the mind, be conscious of, understand, comprehend, think, reflect upon

; P. to have a right notion of. know

; P. "to recover consciousness", awake

; A1. to remember, have consciousness of (accusative)

; to appear, be conspicuous, shine

: Desiderative c/ikitsati- (fr. kit-

;exceptionally A1.

; imperative tsatu- subjunctive tsāt- Aorist 2. sg. /acikitsīs-

; Passive voice parasmE-pada cikitsyamāna-

) to have in view, aim at, be desirous

; to care for, be anxious about,

; (

) to treat medically, cure

; to wish to appear

: Causal of Desiderative (future cikitsayiṣyati-) to cure

: Intensive cekite- (fr.2. ci-?,or for tte-

; parasmE-pada c/ekitat-,

; A1. c/ekitāna-

eight times) to appear, be conspicuous, shine

citra

mf(/ā-)n. variegated, spotted, speckled (with instrumental case or in compound)

citradeva

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

citraghnī

f. "removing spotted leprosy", Name of a river

(varia lectio mitra-ghnā-).

citragupta

m. Name of one of yama-'s attendants (recorder of every man's good and evil deeds)

citrakola

m. "spotted-breast", a kind of lizard

citrakuṣṭha

n. white or spotted leprosy.

citramṛga

m. the spotted antelope

citrāṭīra

m. the forehead spotted with the blood of a goat offered to the demon ghaṇṭā-karṇa-

citta

n. attending, observing (tir/aś citt/āni-,"so as to remain unnoticed")

cittadhāraṇa

n. concentrated attention, Sa1m2khyas., Scholiast or Commentator

cūlikā

f. the hinting of a matter or event by those behind the curtain

cūṣiṇī

f. Name of a female attendant of durgā-.

dā

cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati-

etc.; A1. datte-

;1. sg. dadmi-

; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i-

; deh/i-[

]

;2. plural d/adāta-

, tana-

, datt/a-

etc.;2. dual number tt/am-

etc.; Potential dady/āt-

etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur-

;2. dual number /adattam-

etc.;2. plural ttana-,

, /adadāta-

; subjunctive d/adat-

, das-

dan-

parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas-

etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-,

; n/a-,

; sg. dadati-,

; plural danti-,

; imperative da-,

; data-

; Potential det-

; imperfect tense /adadat-

; A1. sg. d/adate-

; plural dante-,

; imperative sg. datām-

; dasva-

etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta-

; parasmE-pada d/adamāna-

; Aorist /adāt-[

], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas-

[ confer, compare

]; Potential 1. plural deṣma-

; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o-

etc.; Passive voice d/e-,

; dadade-, dāte-, dire-

; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas-

, ṣām-

; Nominal verb dv/ān-,

; dāvan-

; accusative div/āṃsam-,

[ confer, compare

]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at-

; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye-

; preceding deyāt-

; infinitive mood dāv/ane-

; d/ātos-,

; tave-,

; d/ātav/ai-[

]

; tum-,

etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[

]

; ttv/ā-

etc.; -d/āya-[

]

etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[

]; parasmE-pada y/amāna-

; Aorist adāyi-

; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-,

) cl.1. d/āti- (

; imperative tu-,

; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 3

) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage

etc. ; to hand over

; (with haste-)

; to give back,

; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"

; ṛṇam-,"a debt",

) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat")

; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass")

and

; to sell (with instrumental case of the price),

; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."

; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief",

) ; to offer (an oblation etc.)

etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas-

), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram-

etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth,

; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ]

) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood)

; to permit sexual intercourse

; to place, put, apply (in med.)

etc. ; to add

; with varam-,"to grant a boon"

etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief",

; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter"

etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life"

; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands

; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm

tālam-, to beat time with the hands

; saṃjñām-, to make a sign

; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment

samayam-, to propose an agreement

; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ]

; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum

; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out

; śāpam-, to utter a curse

etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire '

; anuyātram-, to accompany

; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace,

; jhampam-, to jump

; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha-

; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow

; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with

; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command,

; saṃdeśam-, to give information

; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation

vṛtim-, to fence in

; darśanam-, to show one's self

; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case)

; karṇam-, to give ear, listen

; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case)

; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand

; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters

pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire

; śāram-, to move a chess-man

; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar

; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case)

; padam-, to tread upon [loc.]

; to direct the steps

; viṣam-, to poison

(with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire '

(with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve

; to show

(Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś-

) : Causal dāpayati- (

; Aorist adīdapat-,

) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore

etc. ; to demand from (ablative)

; to cause to utter or speak

ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known

; to cause to place or advance,

; to cause to perform,

to cause to be put on (locative case)

: Desiderative d/itsati- (

; parasmE-pada d/idāsat-

; d/itsat-,

; Potential tseyam-

; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha-

; confer, compare

) to wish to give, be ready to bestow

etc. ; to wish to give in marriage

etc.: Intensive dedīyate-

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.])

the 3rd and soft letter of the 4th or dental class.

dadhija

n. fresh butter

dadhisambhava

n. fresh butter

dadhiṣāyya

n. (for didh-) clarified butter

dadhisveda

m. butter-milk

dagdhākṣara

an inauspicious letter (in a word)

dahadahā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-, 2638.

dahana

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

dahati

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

daiva

m. plural the attendants of a deity

ḍāka

m. an imp attending kālī-

ḍakāra

m. the letter ḍ-

dakāra

m. the letter or sound d-.

ḍākinī

f. (of ka-

) a female imp attending kālī- (feeding on human flesh)

(ḍāginī-,

) (see śāk-)

dakṣa

m. Name of one of the prajā-pati-s (

etc.

;born from brahmā-'s right thumb

etc.;or from a-ja-,"the unborn"

;or son of pra-cetas- or of the of 10 pra-cetasa-s, whence called prācetasa-

;father of 24 daughters by pra-sūti-

etc.;of 50 [or 60

;or 44

] daughters of whom 27 become the Moon's wives, forming the lunar asterisms, and 13 [or 17

;or 8

]those of kaśyapa-, becoming by this latter the mothers of gods, demons, men, and animals, while 10 are married to dharma-

etc.;celebrating a great sacrifice [hence dakṣa sy/ayana-,"Name of a sacrifice"

] to obtain a son, he omitted, with the disapproval of dadhīca-,to invite śiva-, who ordered vīra-bhadra- to spoil the sacrifice

[identified with viṣṇu-]

;named among the viśve-devā-s

;

. [

] etc.)

dalita

mfn. driven asunder, scattered, dispersed, destroyed

dāman

n. (m.

) string, cord, rope, fetter

etc.

ḍāmara

m. of an attendant of śiva-,

ḍambara

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

daṃś

cl.1. (originally cl.6.) d/aśati- (

; A1.

; parasmE-pada d/aśat-

etc.; perfect tense dadaṃśa-; plural śur-

; parasmE-pada dadaśv/as-

; future daṅkṣyati-

; daṃṣṭā-

;1. plural daśiṣyāmas-

; Aorist adāṅkṣīt-

; plural ṣur-

; ind.p. daṃṣṭvā-

; cl.1. daṃśati-

) to bite

etc.: Causal to cause to bite

; to cause to be bitten by (instrumental case)

: Intensive dandaśyate-, śīti-

; dandaṣṭi-, daṃṣṭi-

; parasmE-pada d/andaśāna- (confer, compare ś/ūka-) repeatedly biting

: Causal of Intensive (ind.p. dandaśayitvā-) causing to be bitten by (instrumental case)

; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic tahyan.])

daṃśa

m. a bite, sting, the spot bitten (by a snake etc.)

daṃśana

n. the being bitten by (instrumental case)

daṃśita

mfn. bitten

daṃśman

n. a bite or the spot bitten

daṇḍa

m. Name of an attendant of the Sun

daṇḍabāhu

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

daṇḍabhṛt

mfn. a potter

daṇḍadhara

m. a potter

daṇḍāhata

n. "struck by a churning-stick", butter-milk

daṇḍanāyaka

m. Name of an attendant of the Sun

daṇḍāra

m. a potter's wheel (see ḍabhṛt-)

dantagharṣa

m. chattering of the teeth

dantaka

mfn. paying attention to one's teeth

dantamūlīya

mfn. belonging to l/a-, dental (letter)

dantauṣṭhaka

mfn. paying attention to one's teeth and lips

dantavīṇā

f. "tooth-guitar", ṇāṃ vādayat- mfn. "playing the ṇā- ", chattering with the teeth

dantya

mf(ā- Scholiast or Commentator)n. dental (a letter)

dāruphalaka

n. window-shutter

dāś

(the finite forms only in

and once in

See below) cl.1 P. d/āśti-,

A1. te-

(rarely cl.2.5. P. dāṣṭi-,

; dāśn/oti-,

[the latter also = dās-]; perfect tense dad/āsa-,

; subjunctive d/adāśati-, śas-, śat-,

; parasmE-pada dadāśv/as-[ dative case ś/uṣe-,

], dāśiv/as-[only

] and dāśv/as-[see below]), to serve or honour a god (dative case or accusative) with (instrumental case),

; offer or present (accusative) to (dative case), grant, give, bestow,

: Causal P. dāśayati-, offer, present

[ confer, compare daśasya-,and Greek in -a-, -a-.]

dāśa

m. (written also dāsa-) fisherman, ferryman, mariner

etc.

dāśeyī

f. equals dāśa-nandinī-

(also written dāseya- f. ī-).

daṣṭa

mfn. ( daṃś-) bitten, stung

etc. (said of a wrong pronunciation

[

]

)

daṣṭamātra

mfn. just bitten or stung,

dātra

n. (dātr/a-) allotted portion, share, possession

dattā

f. Name of a woman

(See dātteya-)

dattapūrvoktaśapabhī

mfn. causing fear by a previously uttered curse

dattāvadhāna

mfn. attentive

dātu

n. part, division, allotted portion or task

dāyaka

mf(ikā-)n. imparting, communicating, uttering, telling

devainasa

according to to some,"sin committed by the gods".

devājīva

m. a man subsisting by attending on an idol and receiving its offerings

devājīvin

m. a man subsisting by attending on an idol and receiving its offerings

devakārya

n. any matter concerning the gods, divine command

devakulika

m. attendant on a temple

devala

m. an attendant upon an idol (who subsists on the offerings made to it;oftener laka-

)

devamīḍha

m. (

-ka-) "god-begotten (?)", Name of a yādava- and grandfather of vasu-deva- (see next)

devamitrā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

devanāgarī

f. "divine city writing", Name of the character in which Sanskrit is usually written (prob. from its having originated in some city)

devānucara

m. a follower or attendant of a god

devasabhya

m. deity's attendant

devayājin

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

dha

aspirate of the preceding letter,

dhā

cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e-

etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[

]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-,

plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta-

; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[

], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare

] or dhattāt-

;2. plural dhatt/a-,

, dhattana-,

, d/adhāta-,

,or tana-,

[ confer, compare

]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e-

and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-,

or dhats/e-

dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate-

; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-,

[

]; Potential d/adhīta-

dadhīt/a-,

; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-,

or dadhiṣva-,

;2. plural dhaddhvam-[

]or dadhidhvam-

,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām-

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te-

; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti-

; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta-

(pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur-

etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe-

;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-,

,or dhire-,

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur-

etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana-

; 2. sg. dhāyīs-

; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare

];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu-

; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe-

;3. sg. ahita-, hita-

; subjunctive dh/ethe-

, dhaithe-,

; imperative dhiṣv/ā-,

; P. adhat-

; dhat-

; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha-

; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata-

; Potential dhiṣīya-

[

]; dheṣīya-

; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā-

etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum-

etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai-

;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā-

; hitvā-[

], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām-

: Passive voice dhīy/ate-

etc.[

] , p. dhīy/amāna-

; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi-

[

]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[

]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case)

etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case

,with genitive case

];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal

) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove)

; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-)

; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case)

etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share

) ; to appoint, establish, constitute

; to render (with double accusative)

; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute

etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes)

etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ])

; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo

: Causal -dhāpayati-

(See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- (

) , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case)

(Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present

; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-,

)

: with avady/am-, to bid defiance

(confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate-

[ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.]

ḍha

the aspirate of the preceding letter,

dhakāra

m. the letter or sound dh-.

ḍhakāra

m. the letter ḍh-.

dhamadhama

m. of an attendant of śiva-

dhamadhamā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

dhanadā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

dhānta

(or dhvānta-?), mystical Name of the letter n.

dhanuhastā

f. Name of a being attendant on devī-

dhanurvaktra

m. "bow-mouth", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

dhānyacamasa

m. rice flattened by threshing

dhārā

f. the pace of horse

(5 enumerated, viz. dhorita-, valgita-, pluta-, ut-tejita-, ut-terita-,or ā-skandita-, recita-for the two latter

;with paramā-,the quickest pace

)

dharma

m. Law or Justice personified (as indra-

etc.;as yama-

;as born from the right breast of yama- and father of śama-, kāma- and harṣa-

;as viṣṇu-

;as prajā-pati- and son-in-law of dakṣa-

etc.;as one of the attendants of the Sun

;as a Bull

;as a Dove

)

dharmada

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

dharmākṣara

n. plural "letters of the law", formula or confession of faith

dharmamahāmātra

m. a minister in matters of religion

dhārya

mfn. to be called to mind (cetasi-) or attended to

dhātu

m. element, primitive matter (equals mahā-bhūta-

)

etc. (usually reckoned as 5, viz. kha-or ākāśa-, anila-, tejas-, jala-, bhū-;to which is added brahma-

;or vijñāna-

)

dhīrāja

m. Name of one of the attendants of śiva-

dhiṣaṇya

Nom. P. ; only p. ṇyat-, attentive, zealous

dhiṣṇya

mfn. mindful, attentive, benevolent, liberal (aśvin-s)

dhiyasāna

mfn. attentive, mindful

dhiyāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to be attentive or devout ; parasmE-pada yat-, mindful

dhṛ

cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (

; A1. Potential dhareran-

), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu-

]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e-

etc.; Aorist adhāram-

; adhṛta-, dhṛthās-

; /adīdharat-

etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta-

;3. plural rata-

]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati-

; ṣy/e-

; dhartā-

; infinitive mood dhartum-

, tavai-

[ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya-

) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo

etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive

etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist

etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case)

etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to)

; to present to (genitive case)

; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case)

; A1. to be ready or prepared for

; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case)

(confer, compare

) ; to prolong (in pronunciation)

; to quote, cite

; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-)

etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case)

(also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow

; (with raśmīn-[

] or praharān-[

]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty

; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow

etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control

; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance

; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly

; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure

etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember

; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact

(Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady

etc. ; continue living, exist, remain

etc. (also dhāryate-

) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood)

: Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate-

; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-)

: Intensive d/ardharti- (

) and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati-

; confer, compare

) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.]

dhṛtadakṣa

(t/a--) mfn. of collected mind, attentive or constant

dhruvaka

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

dhruvaratnā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

dhūmra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

dhūpavarti

f. a kind of cigarette

dhūrjaṭa

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

(see next) .

dhūrjaṭi

m. "having matted locks like a burden", Name of rudra-- śiva-

etc. (ṭin-

)

dhvajavat

m. of a divine attendant of a bodhi-sattva-

dhvajin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') having anything as a mark (especially for a committed crime)

dhvaṃs

or dhvas- cl.1 P. A1. dhvaṃsati- (to go

), te- (

; perf. dadhvaṃsur-

; dadhvaṃsire-

[also dhvaṃsire-]

; -dadhvase-

; Aorist -dhvas/an-

; adhvaṃsiṣṭa- grammar; future dhvaṃsiṣyate-, sitā-

; ind.p. -dhvasya-

), to fall to pieces or to dust, decay, be ruined, perish

etc. ; to be gone, vanish (only imperative dhvaṃsa-, sata-, satām-)

; to scatter, cover etc. (only dhvasta- q.v): Passive voice dhvasyate- (

) ; ti- (

) to be destroyed, perish: Causal dhvaṃs/ayati-, te-, to scatter

; to destroy, disperse, disturb

; to violate (a woman)

; dhvas/ayati-, to scintillate, sparkle (agni-)

: Desiderative didhvaṃsiṣate- grammar : Intensive danīdhvasyate-, dhvaṃsīti-

[ confer, compare German dunst,tunst; Anglo-Saxon du7st,Engl.dust.]

dhvaṃsana

mfn. spluttering

dhvāṅkṣ

cl.1 P. dhvāṅkṣati-, to utter the cry of birds, to caw, croak, etc. ; to desire

(see dhmāṅkṣ-& dhrāṅkṣ-).

dhvasira

mfn. sprinkled, spattered, covered,

(see dhūsara-).

dhvasta

mfn. scattered or covered with (instrumental case or compound)

didyut

mfn. shining, glittering

dīkṣitīya

mfn. written by a dīkṣita-

dinakesara

(also written śara-) m. "day-hair", darkness

dīpana

m. Name of a female attendant of devī-

dīptākṣa

mf(ī-)n. having bright or glittering eyes

dīptalocana

m. "having glittering eyes", a cat

dīptanayana

m. "having glittering eyes", Name of an owl

dīptaśakti

m. "having a glittering spear", Name of skanda-

dīrgha

m. a mystical Name of the letter a-

dīrgha

m. a mystical Name of the letter n-

dīrghabāhu

m. Name of one of the attendants on śiva-

dīrghabhuja

m. Name of one of the attendants on śiva-

dīrghādhvaga

m. a camel, a letter-carrier or messenger

dīrghajihvā

f. of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

dīrgharoman

m. Name of one of the attendants on śiva-

dīrṇa

mfn. scattered, dispersed (army)

div

, dy/u- m. (Nominal verb dy/aus-; vocative case dyaus-[

]; accusative dy/ām- d/ivam-; instrumental case div/ā-or d/īvā-[see below]; dative case dive-[ dyave-

]; ablative genitive case div/as-[rarely dy/os- exempli gratia, 'for example'

]; locative case div/i-, dy/avi-; dual number dyāvā- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order [ dy/avī-as vocative case only

]; plural Nominal verb dy/āvas-[ divas-only

]; accusative dy/ūn-[rare, d/ivas-, div/as- exempli gratia, 'for example'

]; instrumental case dy/ubhis-;native grammarians give as stems div-and dyo-;the latter is declined through all cases like go-,but really does not occur except in forms mentioned above and in dyo-salila-

, while div-and dyu-regularly alternate before vowel and consonant) (rarely f.) in Vedic or Veda f. in later Skr. heaven, the sky (regarded in Vedic or Veda as rising in three tiers[ avama-, madhyama-, uttama-or tṛtīya-

] , and generally as the father(dy/auṣ- pit/ā-,while the earth is the mother[ see dyāvā-pṛthivī-],and uṣas- the daughter) , rarely as a goddess, daughter of prajā-pati-

)

divyāvadāna

n. "divine achievements", Name of a well-known Buddhist work from Nepal (written in Sanskrit).

dolā

f. litter, hammock, palanquin, swing (figuratively = fluctuation, incertitude, doubt)

etc. (rarely la- m.orf(ī-).)

dolādhirūḍha

mfn. restless, disquietted

dolikā

f. a litter, swing, cradle

doṣa

m. damage, harm, bad consequence, detrimental effect (naiṣa doṣaḥ-,there is no harm; ko'tra d-,what does it matter?)

etc.

dṝ

cl.9 P. dṛṇāti- Potential -dṛṇīyāt-

; cl.2 P. 2. sg. subjunctive d/arṣi-, 2. 3. sg. d/art- imperfect tense 2. sg. adar-

(perfect tense dad/āra-,[2. sg. dadaritha-

plural dadrur-or dadarur-,

] Aorist adarat-[Ved. adārīt-]

; subjunctive P. darṣasi-, d/arṣat-; A1. darṣate-; Potential ṣīṣṭa-

; preceding dīryāt-

) to burst, break asunder, split open

(confer, compare above) ; to cause to burst, tear, rend, divide

: Passive voice dīryate- (ti-

) , p. dīryamāṇa- and dīryat- ; perfect tense dadre- (

) to be split, break open, fall asunder, decay

; to be dispersed or scattered (as an army)

; to be frightened or afraid (also darati-)

: Causal P. darayati-, to split, tear, break open

; P. A1. dārayati-, te- ; Aorist adadarat- (

) to tear asunder, divide by splitting or digging

etc. ; to scatter, disperse

: Intensive P. d/ardarti- or d/ādarti- ; imperative 2. sg. dādṛh/i- ; subjunctive 3. sg. dardirat- ; imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /adardar-, 3. plural adardirur- = Causal

[ confer, compare Greek and ; Lithuanian diru4; Slavonic or Slavonian drati; Gothic tairan; Anglo-Saxon te0ran; English to@tear; German zerren,zehren.]

drāṅkṣ

cl.1 P. drāṅkṣati-, to utter a discordant sound, croak or caw ; to desire, long for,

(see dhrāṅkṣ-).

drāpa

m. Name of śiva- with his hair twisted or matted

dravyaprakarṣa

m. the excellence of a matter

dravyaprakṛti

f. the nature of a matter

dravyaśaktimat

mfn. possessed of the power to produce matter,

dṛḍha

mfn. firmly fastened, shut fast, tight, close (exempli gratia, 'for example' ship,

;bonds, fetters, chains

;fist

)

dṛḍhagranthi

m. "hard-knotted", a bamboo

dṛḍhasamādhāna

mfn. paying fixed attention

dṛṣṭa

mfn. allotted, destined

dṛṣṭārtha

mfn. having the aim or object apparent, obvious, practical (opp. to a-d-,transcendental)

serving for a pattern or standard

dṛṣṭārtha

mfn. knowing the matter or the real nature of anything

dṛṣṭarūpā

f. Name of a female attendant on devī-

drutacaurya

n. a theft rapidly committed,

(also written dū-), cl.5. P. cl.4. A1. (

) dunoti-, dūyate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense dudāva-; future doṣyati-; Aorist adauṣīt-; infinitive mood dotum-), to be burnt, to be consumed with internal heat or sorrow (Pres. dunoti-

;but oftener dūyate-,which is at once Passive voice)

etc. ; (only dun/oti-) to burn, consume with fire, cause internal heat, pain, or sorrow, afflict, distress

: Causal dāvayati- Aorist adūduvat-: Desiderative dudūṣati-: Intensive dodūyate-, dodoti-. ([Cf. . for;, pain;Lit.davyti,to torment;Sl.daviti,to worry.])

dū

(also written du-), cl.5. P. cl.4. A1. (

;but oftener dūyate-,which is at once Passive voice)

etc. ; (only dun/oti-) to burn, consume with fire, cause internal heat, pain, or sorrow, afflict, distress

: Causal dāvayati- Aorist adūduvat-: Desiderative dudūṣati-: Intensive dodūyate-, dodoti-. ([Cf. . for;, pain;Lit.davyti,to torment;Sl.daviti,to worry.])

dugdhikā

f. (written also dhīkā-) a sort of Asclepias or Oxystelma Esculentum (med.)

duḥkha

mfn. (according to grammarians properly written duṣ-kha-and said to be from dus-and kha-[ see su-kh/a-]; but more probably a Prakritized form for duḥ-stha- q.v) uneasy, uncomfortable, unpleasant, difficult

(Comparative degree -tara-

)

durbhāṣita

mfn. badly spoken or uttered, with vāc- f. equals prec. m.

durmadāndha

mfn. "blinded by mad illusion", besotted,

durmarṣa

mfn. not easily to be forgotten

durmedha

mfn. dull-witted, stupid, ignorant

etc.

durmedhas

mfn. (

) dull-witted, stupid, ignorant

etc.

durodara

n. (m.?) playing, gaming, a game at dice

(written also daro--).

durudāhara

mfn. difficult to be pronounced or uttered

durvācya

mfn. hard (to be uttered)

durvibhāṣa

mfn. difficult to be uttered

duśchada

mfn. hardly covered, tattered

duṣṭavāc

mfn. uttering bad language

dustyajya

mfn. difficult to be relinquished or quitted

dūṣya

n. matter, pus

dūtī

f. Name of a female attendant on durgā-

dvādaśabhuja

m. "having 12 arms", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

dvādaśākṣa

m. of one of his attendants

dvādaśāsra

n. a dodecagon, a dodecagonal figure

(written also śra-, śri-).

dvādaśāsri

f. a dodecagon, a dodecagonal figure

(written also śra-, śri-).

dvāḥstha

m. door-keeper, porter, warder (written also dvā-sth-).

dvāḥsthita

m. door-keeper, porter, warder (written also dvā-sth-).

dvārika

m. Name of one of the Sun's 18 attendants

(f(ikā-).See dvāraka-).

dvibāhuka

m. "the 2-armed one", Name of one of the attendants of śiva-

dvidhālekhya

mfn. to be written in 2 ways

dvimusali

(written also ṣali-) ind. with 2 clubs, club against club (in fighting) gaRa dvidaṇḍy-ādi-.

dvīpa

mn. a division of the terrestrial world (either 7 [ jambu-, plakṣa- or go-medaka-, śālmalī-, kuśa-, krauñca-, śāka- and puṣkara-

etc.] or 4 [ bhadrāśva-, ketu-māla-, jambu-dvīpa- and uttarāḥ- kuravaḥ-

etc. see

] or 13 [the latter four + 9, viz. indra-dvīpa-, kaśerū-mat-, tāmra-varṇa-, gabhasti-mat-, nāga-dvīpa-, saumya-, gāndharva-, varuṇa- and bhārata-, which are enumerated

,as forming bhārata-varṣa-] or 18 [among which the upa-dvīpa-s are said to be included

]; they are situated round the mountain meru-, and separated from each other by distinct concentric circumambient oceans; ayaṃ dvīpaḥ- equals jambu-dv-

equals bhārata-dv-

)

dvirnagna

mfn. doubly naked or defective (id est whose ancestors on both sides have during 3 generations omitted all veda--study and kindling of the sacred fire)

dvirūpa

mfn. spelt or written in 2 ways

dvirūpakośa

m. a dictionary of words written in 2 ways

dvitīya

m. the 2nd letter of a varga- id est the surd aspirate

etc.

dvivāhikā

f. a swing or litter, J.

dyotana

mf(ā-or ī-)n. shining, glittering

dyotana

mf(ā-or ī-)n. shining, glittering

dyukṣavacas

mfn. (kṣ/a--) uttering heavenly words,

dyut

cl.1 A1. dy/otate-

(also ti-) etc. (perfect tense didyute-, parasmE-pada tān/a-

[ see

], didy/ota-

; dyutur-.

; Aorist adyutat-and /adidyutat-

; /adyaut-

, adyotiṣṭa-

parasmE-pada P. dyutat- A1. tān/a-or dy/utāna-

; future dyotiṣyati-

; ind.p. dyutitvā-or dyot-

; -dyutya-

) to shine, be bright or brilliant: Causal dyotayati-(te-,

) to make bright, illuminate, irradiate

; to cause to appear, make clear or manifest, express, mean

: Desiderative dedyutiṣati- or didyot-

: Intensive d/avidyot-, 3. plural dyutati-

; dedyutyate-

, to shine, glitter, be bright or brilliant

the eleventh vowel of the alphabet (corresponding to the lettereas pronounced inprey,grey).

ekaga

mfn. attentive to only one object,

ekāgra

mfn. one-pointed, having one point, fixing one's attention upon one point or object, closely attentive, intent, absorbed in

etc.

ekāgradhī

mfn. fixing one's mind on one object, closely attentive

ekāgram

ind. with undivided attention

ekāgramanas

mfn. fixing one's mind on one object, closely attentive

ekagrantha

m. an aggregate of 32 letters,

ekāgratā

f. intentness in the pursuit of one object, close and undisturbed attention

ekāgratas

ind. with undivided attention

ekāgratva

n. intentness in the pursuit of one object, close and undisturbed attention

ekāgrya

mfn. closely attentive

ekāgrya

n. close attention

ekakaṇṭha

mfn. "having one throat", uttering simultaneously.

ekākṣa

m. of a being attending on skanda-.

ekamanas

mfn. fixing the mind upon one object, concentrated, attentive

etc.

ekāra

m. the letter or sound e-

ekasarga

mfn. closely attentive, having the mind intent upon one object

ekasthāna

mfn. having the same place of production, uttered by the same organ of speech commentator or commentary on

ekatāna

mfn. directed to one object only, having the mind fixed on one object only, closely attentive

ekatāna

m. attention fixed on one object only

ekavarṇa

m. a single sound or letter,

etc.

ekāyana

mfn. fixing one's thoughts on one object, closely attentive, absorbed in

elārasālaka

mf(ikā-)n. astringent (and) pungent (and) bitter,

etad

mfn. etad- generally refers to what precedes, especially when connected with idam-, the latter then referring to what follows (exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ- anukalpas tv ayaṃ jñeyaḥ-,this before-mentioned is the principal rule, but this following may be considered a secondary rule

)

gadgada

mf(ā-)n. stammering, stuttering (said of persons and of utterances)

etc.

gadgada

n. stammering, indistinct or convulsive utterance (as sobbing etc.)

gadgadasvara

m. stammering utterance

gāḍhakarṇa

m. an ear penetrated by sound, an attentive ear

gadya

mfn. (

) to be spoken or uttered

gadyarāmāyaṇakāvya

n. a rāmāyaṇa- written in prose

gaja

m. of an attendant on the sun

gajālāna

n. a rope for fettering an elephant,

gajanimīlikā

f. inattention, carelessness

gajaśiras

m. "elephant-headed", Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

gajodara

m. "elephant-bellied", Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

gakāra

m. the letter ga-.

gālimat

mfn. uttering execrations

galita

mfn. "dropped"(said of the verses omitted in the pada-pāṭha- of the

because of their occurrence in a previous passage)

galitapradīpa

m. "light of dropped verses", Name of a treatise giving in full the verses omitted in the pada-pāṭha- of the

gaṇ

cl.10 P. gaṇayati- (Epic also A1. te-: Aorist ajīgaṇat-[

] or ajag-

; ind.p. gaṇayya-

[with a-- negative,

]) , to count, number, enumerate, sum up, add up, reckon, take into account

etc. ; to think worth, value (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' na gaṇayāmi taṃ tṛṇena-,"I do not value him at a straw"

) ; to consider, regard as (with double accusative)

; to enumerate among (locative case)

; to ascribe, attribute to (locative case)

; to attend to, take notice of (accusative;often with na-,not to care about, leave unnoticed)

etc. ; to imagine, excogitate

; to count one's number (said of a flock or troop)

gaṇa

m. a flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class (of animate or inanimate beings), body of followers or attendants

etc.

gaṇa

m. troops or classes of inferior deities (especially certain troops of demi-gods considered as śiva-'s attendants and under the special superintendence of the god gaṇeśa-; see -devatā-)

etc.

gaṇa

m. a single attendant of śiva-

gaṇakāma

mfn. desirous of a body of attendants

gaṇanāyaka

m. the leader of the attendants of any god

gaṇanāyaka

m. "chief of śiva-'s attendants", gaṇeśa-

gaṇaparvata

m. "the mountain frequented by troops of demi-gods", Name of the kailāsa- (this mountain being the residence of śiva-'s attendants as well as of the kiṃnara-s and yakṣa-s, attendants of kubera-)

gaṇatva

n. the office of an attendant of śiva-

gaṇavat

mfn. followed by attendants

gaṇḍā

f. Name of the female attendant of the seven sages

gandhamāda

m. of a monkey (attendant of rāma-), 10, 19.

gandhamādana

m. of a monkey (attendant of rāma-)

gandharva

m. Name of the attendant of the 17th arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

gandhataila

n. sulphur-butter

gaṇeśa

m. (equals ṇa-nātha-) Name of the god of wisdom and of obstacles (son of śiva- and pārvatī-, or according to one legend of pārvatī- alone;though gaṇeśa- causes obstacles he also removes them;hence he is invoked at the commencement of all undertakings and at the opening of all compositions with the words namo gaṇeśāya vighneśvarāya-;he is represented as a short fat man with a protuberant belly, frequently riding on a rat or attended by one, and to denote his sagacity has the head of an elephant, which however has only one tusk;the appellation gaṇeśa-, with other similar compounds, alludes to his office as chief of the various classes of subordinate gods, who are regarded as śiva-'s attendants; see

;he is said to have written down the

as dictated by vyāsa-

;persons possessed, by gaṇeśa- are referred to

)

gaṇin

mfn. (

) one who has attendants

gara

m. a kind of disease (perhaps one attended with difficulty of swallowing?;"disease in general"

)

garbhapākin

m. rice ripening (during the latter period of the sky's pregnancy id est) in sixty days

garbhiṇyavekṣaṇa

n. attendance and care of pregnant women, midwifery

gārhapatya

mfn. with agnī-, or m. (

) the householder's fire (received from his father and transmitted to his descendants, one of the three sacred fires, being that from which sacrificial fires are lighted

)

etc.

garuḍa

m. Name of the attendant of the 16th arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

gatitālin

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

gaurjara

n. "coming from gurjara-", pottern-ore

gaya

m. (gaRa vṛṣādi-; ji- see śaṃgay/a-) "what has been conquered or acquired", a house, household, family, goods and chattels, contents of a house, property, wealth

gāyana

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

ghakāra

m. the letter or sound gha-.

ghanadhvani

m. the muttering of thunder clouds

ghaṇṭākarṇa

m. "bell-eared", Name of an attendant of skanda-, ix, 2526

ghaṇṭākarṇa

m. of an attendant of śiva- (supposed to preside over cutaneous complaints, and worshipped for exemption from them in the month caitra-

)

ghaṇṭākarṇa

m. of a piśāca- attendant on kubera-

gharghara

mfn. (onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds)) uttered with an indistinct gurgling or purring sound

ghārtika

m. (fr. ghṛt/a-) pulse ground and fried with clarified butter

ghaṭakāra

m. a potter

ghaṭīkārī

f. a potter's wife

ghaṭiṃdhama

m. "pot-blower", a potter

ghaṭita

mfn. planned, devised, attempted

ghaṭodara

m. Name of one of varuṇa-'s attendants

ghaṭṭajīvin

m. "living on a landing-place", a ferryman (commonly Patuni, son of a washerman by a vaiśya- woman;"an attendant at a landing-place, taking care of the clothes of the bathers etc."

)

ghola

n. buttermilk

ghorarūpā

f. Name of a female attendant of durgā-

ghorī

f. Name of a female attendant of durgā-

ghoṣabuddha

(gh/oṣ-) mfn. made attentive by the sound

ghoṣavarṇa

m. a sonant letter

ghoṣavat

mfn. sonant, uttered with the soft articulation called ghoṣa-

ghrāṇaśravas

m. "renowned for his nose", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

ghṛta

n. (gaRa ardharcādi-) ghee id est clarified butter or butter which has been boiled gently and allowed to cool (it is used for culinary and religious purposes and is highly esteemed by the Hindus), fat (as an emblem of fertility), fluid grease, cream

etc.

ghṛtahetu

m. "cause of ghee", butter

ghṛtakeśa

(t/a--) mfn. one whose hair is dripping with butter (agni-)

ghṛtamaṇḍa

m. the scum of melted butter, fattiest part of grease

ghṛtamaṇḍoda

m. "having water resembling the scum of melted butter", Name of a lake on the mandara- mountain

ghu

cl.1 A1. ghavate-, to utter or produce a peculiar sound,

ghumaghumākāra

m. "uttering a particular sound", a kind of cricket

ghuṇākṣara

n. an incision in wood (or in the leaf of a book) caused by an insect and resembling somewhat the form of a letter,

(PrakritghuN'akkhara)

ghuṇakṣata

mfn. worm-eaten (as wood) so as to exhibit the form of a letter

ghuraghurāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to utter gurgling sounds, wheeze, puff, snort

girika

m. of an attendant of śiva-

gīrṇa

mfn. "swallowed (voice)" id est not uttered

(see gara-gīrṇ/a-.)

gītagovinda

n. " govinda- (id est kṛṣṇa-) celebrated in song", Name of a lyrical drama by jayadeva- (probably written in the beginning of the twelfth century;it is a mystical erotic poem describing the loves of kṛṣṇa- and the gopī-s, especially of kṛṣṇa- and rādhā-, who is supposed to typify the human soul).

gītapriyā

f. "fond of songs", Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

goghṛta

n. melted butter coming from a cow

gokarṇa

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

gokarṇa

m. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-, ix, 2643

gomahiṣadā

f. "granting cattle and buffaloes", Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

gomedha

m. Name of the attendant of the 22nd arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

gomukha

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

gomukha

m. of an attendant of the 1st arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

gonanda

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

gopālī

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

gorasa

m. buttermilk

gorasaja

n. buttermilk

gosevā

f. attendance on a cow

gostanī

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

gotara

m. (Comparative degree) a better ox

gotarā

f. a better cow

govraja

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

grāhya

mfn. to be accepted as a rule or law, to be acknowledged or assented to, to be attended to or obeyed, to be admitted in evidence

etc.

grāmakulāla

m. a village potter

grāmakulālikā

f. the state or business of a village potter gaRa manojñādi- (not in

)

grāmaṇī

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

granthicchedaka

m. (equals -bheda-) a purse-cutter, pickpocket

(in Prakrit)

granthila

mfn. knotted, knotty gaRa sidhmādi-

grāsa

m. the erosion, morsel bitten

gṛdhrajambūka

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

(mbhūka- manuscript)

gṛdhrapattra

m. "vulture-feathered", Name of an attendant of skanda-

gṛhakṛtya

n. household matters or affairs

gṛhya

mfn. to be acknowledged or admitted

guḍapuṣpa

m. "sugar-flowered", Bassia latifolia or another kind of Bassia (the flowers being full of saccharine matter)

guheśvara

m. "lord of caverns", Name of an attendant in śiva-'s retinue

guhyaka

m. Name of a class of demi-gods who like the yakṣa-s are attendants of kubera- (the god of wealth) and guardians of his treasures (they may have received their N. from living in mountain caverns)

etc. (identified with yakṣa-s

)

guṇa

m. the peculiar properties of the letters (11 in number, viz. the 8 bāhya-prayatnās-[q.v.] and the 3 accents)

(see -mātra-)

guṇāntarādhāna

n. "addition of another or better quality", being active or caring for (genitive case)

guṇāntaraṃvraj

to obtain a better quality, become superior

guṇāśraya

m. "abode of qualities", substance, matter

guṇatas

ind. according to the properties of the letters

guñjita

mfn. uttered in a low tone, murmured

gurucaryā

f. attendance on a teacher,

the thirty-third and last consonant of the nāgarī- alphabet (in pāṇini-'s system belonging to the guttural class, and usually pronounced like the Englishhinhard;it is not an original letter, but is mostly derived from an older gh-,rarely from dh-or bh-).

haḍi

m. wooden fetters

hāḍī

f. a kind of written character

hairaṇyastūpa

mf(ī-)n. written or composed by hiraṇyastūpa- (also pīya-)

haiyaṃgavīna

n. clarified butter prepared from yesterday's milking, fresh butter

hakāra

m. the letter or sound ha-

haṃsa

m. a mystical Name of the letter h-

haṃsaja

m. "swan-born", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

haṃsavaktra

m. "swan-beaked", Name of one of skanda-'a attendants

hañjikā

f. a female attendant, chamber-maid ( hañjikātva -tva- n.)

hanta

ind. an exclamation or inceptive particle (expressive of an exhortation to do anything or asking attention, and often translatable by"come on!""here!""look!""see!"in later language also expressive of grief, joy, pity, haste, benediction etc. and translatable by"alas!""ah!""oh!" etc.;often repeated or joined with other particles exempli gratia, 'for example' hā hanta-, hanta hanta-, hanta tarhi-)

hantṛ

mf(trī-)n. (the former with genitive case,the latter with accusative) slaying, killing, a slayer, killer, murderer, robber, disturber, destroyer ( hantṛtva -tva- n.)

etc.

hantṛ

mf(trī-)n. (the former with genitive case,the latter with accusative) slaying, killing, a slayer, killer, murderer, robber, disturber, destroyer ( hantṛtva -tva- n.)

etc.

hanumadīya

mfn. written or composed by hanumat-

haraṇi

f. a water-channel, gutter

harinaigumeṣin

(?) m. Name of one of indra-'s attendants

(see naigameṣa-).

hariṇakalaṅka

m. "deer-spotted", the moon

haripiṇḍā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

hasana

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

hastadoṣa

m. a slip of the hand, mistake committed by the hand

hastavāpa

m. scattering or shooting a shower of arrows with the hand

hastikarṇa

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

hata

mfn. struck, beaten (also said of a drum), smitten, killed, slain, destroyed, ended, gone, lost (often in the beginning of a compound = "destitute of","bereft of","-less")

etc.

hātkṛta

n. uttering the sound hāt-

haṭṭavāhinī

f. a gutter in a market-place

hatva

n. the state of the letter ha-

haumya

n. clarified butter

hāvaka

m. a caller, summoner, (in nuptial ceremonies) one who summons the bride, an attendant on the bridegroom.

havanīya

n. anything fit for an oblation, clarified butter, ghee

havirgandhā

f. "smelling like clarified butter", Prosopis Spicigera

haviryajña

m. the offering of an oblation, a simple oblation of clarified butter etc. (as opp. to a soma-y-)

havis

n. an oblation or burnt offering, anything offered as an oblation with fire (as clarified butter, milk, Soma, grain; haviṣ- kṛ-,"to prepare an oblation","make into an oblation")

etc.

haviṣmat

mfn. attended with or containing oblation

haviṣyabhakṣa

mfn. eating sacrificial food (rice or other grain, clarified butter and e.; haviṣyabhakṣatā -tā- f.)

hayanirghoṣa

m. the clatter of a horse's hoofs

heraka

m. Name of a demon attending on śiva-

heruka

m. of an attendant on mahā-kāla- or śiva-

heṭh

(also written heṭ-, heḍh-) cl.1 P. A1. heṭhati-, te-, to be wicked ; vex, harass, hurt, injure

; cl.9 P. heṭhṇāti- See heḍh-: Causal heṭhayati- See vi-heṭh-.

hetuka

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

heya

mfn. (for 1. and 3.See p.1296 and 1304) to be left or quitted or abandoned or rejected or avoided ( heyatva -tva- n.)

etc.

hima

n. fresh butter

himadhvasta

mfn. withered by cold, frost-bitten, frost-nipped (as a lotus etc.)

hīna

mfn. left out, wanting, omitted

hīnabāhu

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

hīnasevā

f. attendance on base or low people

hindola

m. an ornamental swing or litter in which figures of kṛṣṇa- are carried during the Swing-festival in the light half of the month śrāvaṇa-

(see

)

hiraṇya

n. substance, imperishable matter

homa

m. the act of making an oblation to the deva-s or gods by casting clarified butter into the fire (See deva-yajña-and

) , oblation with fire, burnt-offering, any oblation or sacrifice (ayuta-h-,"a sacrifice of 10,000 burnt-offerings to the planets")

homi

m. clarified butter

homīyadravya

n. anything used for an oblation (as clarified butter)

homya

n. clarified butter

hrīsannakaṇṭha

mfn. having the throat or the utterance broken by shame

cl.3 P. (

) juh/oti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. juhut/e-3. plural proper j/uh-3. plural proper j/uhvati-, te-

etc.;2. sg. imperative juhudh/i-

etc.; hoṣi-

; parasmE-pada P. j/uhvat-; A1. j/uhvāna-[also with pass. sense];3. plural imperfect tense /ajuhavuḥ-

; perfect tense P. juhāva-, juhuvuḥ-

; A1. juhuve-

; juhv/e-, juhur/e-

; juhvire-

; juhavāṃ-cakāra-

; juhavām-āsa-

; Aorist ahauṣīt-

etc.; preceding hūyāt- grammar; future hotā-

; hoṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; Conditional ahoṣyat-

; infinitive mood h/otum-, tos-, tav/ai-,and ind.p. hutvā-

etc.) , to sacrifice (especially pour butter into the fire) , offer or present an oblation (accusative or genitive case) to (dative case) or in (locative case), sacrifice to, worship or honour (accusative) with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to sprinkle on (locative case)

; to eat

: Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-), to be offered or sacrificed

etc. etc.: Causal hāvayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-), to cause to sacrifice or to be sacrificed or to be honoured with sacrifice

etc.: Desiderative juhūṣati-, to wish to sacrifice

: Intensive johavīti- (imperfect tense ajohavīt-or ajuhavīt-

), johūyate-, johoti- (grammar), to offer oblations repeatedly or abundantly. [ confer, compare Greek in (for) , , ; Latin fu1tis,"water-pot."]

huṃkṛ

P. -karoti- (ind.p. -kṛtya-), to utter the sound hum-, to hum

; to address roughly

; to utter a sound of disgust at (accusative)

: Causal -kārayati-, to give vent to one's anger

huṃkṛta

mfn. uttered with a mystical sound, pronounced as an incantation

huṇḍana

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (see vi-huṇḍana-)

hurch

(or hūrch-,prob. connected with hvṛ-) cl.1 P. (

) h/ūrchati- (perfect tense juhūrcha- future hūrchitā-etc. grammar), to go crookedly, creep stealthily, totter, fall ; to fall off from (ablative)

: Causal hūrchayati-, to cause to fall from (ablative)

huta

mfn. offered in fire, poured out (as clarified butter), burnt (as an oblation), sacrificed

etc.

hutākṣara

mfn. written with the hand (opp. to mudrāṅkita-,"printed")

the third vowel of the alphabet, corresponding to i short, and pronounced as that letter in kill etc.

the fourth letter of the alphabet, corresponding to i- long, and having the sound of ee in feel.

ibhya

mfn. belonging to one's servants or attendants

([

])

ibhya

m. wealthy, opulent, having many attendants

etc.

idhmapravraścana

m. "wood-cutter", an axe

īh

cl.1 A1. īhate-, īhāṃ-cakre-, īhiṣyate-, īhitum-, rarely P. īhati-, etc., to endeavour to obtain ; to aim at, attempt ; to long for, desire ; to take care of ; to have in mind, think of (with accusative)

: Causal īhayati-, to impel.

īha

m. attempt (See ūrdhveha-)

īhita

mfn. sought, attempted, striven for

ikāra

m. the letter or sound i-.

īkāra

m. the letter or sound ī-.

ikṣvāku

f. (us-) a bitter gourd

īṃkāra

m. uttering the exclamation īm-,

īṃkṛta

(/īṃ--), mfn. one who has uttered īm-, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding 2.

indrasenadvitīya

mfn. attended by indra-sena-.

indravāruṇī

f. Colocynth, a wild bitter gourd, Cucumis Colocynthis

indravāruṇikā

f. Colocynth, a wild bitter gourd, Cucumis Colocynthis

indrī

f. Name of an attendant of devī-.

indu

m. a coin

(In the brāhmaṇa-s, indu-is used only for the moon;but the connexion between the meanings" soma- juice"and"moon"in the word indu-has led to the same two ideas being transferred in classical Sanskrit to the word soma-,although the latter has properly only the sense " soma- juice.")

īr

cl.2 A1. /īrte- (3. plural /īrate-

), iraṃ-cakre-, iriṣyati-, airiṣṭa-, īritum- ; Ved. infinitive mood ir/adhyai-

, to go, move, rise, arise from

; to go away, retire

; to agitate, elevate, raise (one's voice)

: Causal P. īr/ayati- (see īl-), to agitate, throw, cast ; to excite

etc. ; to cause to rise ; to bring to life ; to raise one's voice, utter, pronounce, proclaim, cite

etc. ; to elevate

: A1. to raise one's self

iraṃmada

m. a flash of lightning or the fire attending the fall of a thunderbolt

īraṇa

n. uttering, pronouncing

īrita

mfn. said, uttered.

īṣadvivṛta

mfn. uttered with slight opening of the organs of speech.

īṣatspṛṣṭa

mfn. uttered with slight contact of the organs of speech (said of the semi-vowels),

iṣṭi

f. an oblation consisting of butter, fruits, etc., opposed to the sacrifice of an animal or soma-

(in grammar) an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots etc. (equals anubandha- q.v)

iti

ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i-), in this manner, thus (in its original signification /iti-refers to something that has been said or thought, or lays stress on what precedes;in the brāhmaṇa-s it is often equivalent to "as you know", reminding the hearer or reader of certain customs, conditions, etc. supposed to be known to him). In quotations of every kind /iti- means that the preceding words are the very words which some person has or might have spoken, and placed thus at the end of a speech it serves the purpose of inverted commas (/ity uktvā-,having so said; /iti kṛtvā-,having so considered, having so decided) . It may often have reference merely to what is passing in the mind exempli gratia, 'for example' vamantavyo manuṣya /iti bhūmipaḥ&iencoding=&lang='>bālo 'pi nāvamantavyo manuṣya /iti bhūmipaḥ-, a king, though a child, is not to be despised, saying to one's self,"he is a mortal", (

) In dramatic language /iti tathā karoti- means"after these words he acts thus."Sometimes /iti- is used to include under one head a number of separate objects aggregated together (exempli gratia, 'for example' ijyādhyayanadānāni tapaḥ satyaṃ kṣamā damaḥ- alobha /iti mārgo 'yam-,"sacrificing, studying, liberality, penance, truth, patience, self-restraint, absence of desire", this course of conduct, etc.) /iti- is sometimes followed by evam-, iva-, or a demonstrative pronoun pleonastically (exempli gratia, 'for example' tām brūyād bhavatīty evam-,her he may call "lady", thus) . /iti- may form an adverbial compound with the name of an author (exempli gratia, 'for example' /iti-pāṇini-,thus according to pāṇini-). It may also express the act of calling attention (lo! behold!) It may have some other significations exempli gratia, 'for example' something additional (as in /ityādi-,et caetera), order, arrangement specific or distinctive, and identity. It is used by native commentators after quoting a rule to express"according to such a rule" (exempli gratia, 'for example' anudāttaṅita /ity ātmanepadam bhavati-,according to the rule of pāṇini-

, the ātmane-pada- takes place) . kim /iti- equals kim-, wherefore, why? (In the śatapatha-brāhmaṇa- ti-occurs for /iti-; see Prakrittiand tti-.)

itya

mfn. a litter, palanquin

commentator or commentary

ivarṇa

m. the letter or sound i-.

the 3rd palatal letter (having the sound ofjinjump).

jaḍa

m. "inanimate", lifeless, matter (opposed to cetana-)

jagada

m. an attendant

(see

) .

jagdhapāpman

(gdh/a--) mfn. one whose sin is consumed or blotted out

(also /a-j- negative)

jaghanya

m. Name of the attendant of the model man mālavya-

jaghanyakārin

mfn. (in med.) attending extremely unskilfully

jāgṛ

cl.2. garti- (confer, compare

; cl.1. garati-

sg. irregular gṛmi-,

;3. plural j/āgrati-

etc.[

]; imperative gṛh/i-, gṛtāt-, gṛtam-, gṛt/a-; subjunctive garat-; Potential gṛyāt-,or griy-

; imperfect tense /ajāgar-[

] ; parasmE-pada j/āgrat-; rarely A1. jāgramāṇa-

; perfect tense Vedic or Veda jāg/āra-[

] , 1. sg. g/ara-[

], parasmE-pada gṛv/as-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]; perfect tense class.[

] jajāgāra-or jāgaraṃ-cakāra-; future 2nd jāgriṣy/ati-

etc.[A1.

]; future 1st ritā-

Va1rtt. 1

; Aorist ajāgarīt-,

; Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally ajagāri-,

; preceding jāgaryāt-,

) to be awake or watchful

etc. ; to awake

; to watch over, be attentive to or intent on, care for, provide, superintend (with locative case or locative case with /adhi-)

etc. (with accusative

) ; (said of fire) to go on burning

; to be evident

; to look on

: Causal (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /ajīgar- imperative jigṛt/am-, t/a-) to awaken

; jāgarayati-, (

; Aorist Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally añāgari-or gāri-

) idem or 'n. saffron '

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin vi1gilo.])

jāgṛvi

mfn. (

) watchful, attentive

jakāra

m. the letter ja-.

jalākhu

m. "water-rat", an otter

jalaṃdhama

m. "water-blower", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

jalanakula

m. an otter

jalarākṣasī

f. Name of a female demon (mother of the nāga-s who tried to prevent hanumat-'s crossing the straits between the continent and Ceylon by attempting to swallow him;he escaped by reducing himself to the size of a thumb, darting through her huge body and coming out at her right ear)

jalelā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

jalonnāda

m. Name of one of the attendants of śiva-

jalp

( lap- reduplicated ?) cl.1. j/alpati- (Epic also A1. perfect tense jajalpa-

) to speak inarticulately, murmur

; to chatter, prattle

; to say, speak, converse with (instrumental case or sārdham-)

etc. ; to speak about (accusative)

; = arc-, to praise

; (said of the Koil) to sound (its song)

: Causal jalpayati- to cause to speak

Va1rtt. 3.

jalpa

m. (plural) chatter, gossip,

jalpana

n. chattering

jalpi

f. inarticulate or low speech, muttering (prayers or formulas)

jambhaka

m. of a demon (conquered by kṛṣṇa-

;causing, diseases

;attendant of śiva-

)

jambuka

m. of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

jambūka

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

jambūkī

f. Name of a female attendant of durgā-

janita

mfn. engendered, begotten

janitra

n. plural parents, relatives

sg. generative or procreative matter

jañj

cl.1 P. = jaj-

; parasmE-pada f. j/añjatī-, glittering, flashing (

; equals abhibhavantī-

)

jañjaṇābhavat

mfn. glittering

jañjapūka

mfn. ( jap-, Intensive

) muttering prayers repeatedly

janmabandha

m. the fetters of transmigration

jap

cl.1. j/apati- (rarely A1.

; perfect tense jajāpa-; 3. du. jepatur-

; infinitive mood japitum-

; ind.p. ptvā-

; pitvā-

) to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (especially prayers or incantations)

etc. ; to pray to any one (accusative) in a low voice

; to invoke or call upon in a low voice

: Intensive jañjapyate-, pīti- (

; parasmE-pada py/amāna-) to whisper repeatedly (implying blame,

)

japa

mfn. "muttering, whispering" See karṇe--, ku--

japa

m. (

;oxyt. gaRa uñchādi-) muttering prayers, repeating in a murmuring tone passages from scripture or charms or names of a deity, etc., muttered prayer or spell

jāpa

m. muttering prayers

a muttered prayer

(

for japa-;See also jāpya-).

japahoma

m. sg. and plural muttering prayers as a religious offering

japahoma

m. dual number a muttered prayer and an offering

jāpaka

mfn. muttering prayers or names of a deity (in compound)

jāpaka

m. a priest who mutters prayers

jāpaka

m. relating to a muttered prayer.

japamālā

f. a rosary used for counting muttered prayers.

japana

n. muttering prayers

japanīya

mfn. to be muttered

japaparāyaṇa

mfn. devoted to muttering prayers

japatā

f. the state of one who mutters prayers

(japatām- genitive case plural of japat- Scholiast or Commentator)

japayajña

m. muttering prayers as a religious sacrifice

japin

mfn. muttering prayers

jāpin

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' muttering

japita

mfn. muttered

japtavya

mfn. to be muttered

japya

n. (once m. scilicet mantra-

) a muttered prayer

jāpya

mfn. to be muttered

jāpya

mfn. (fr. jāpa-) relating to a muttered prayer

jāpya

n. a prayer to be muttered, muttering of prayers

(varia lectio jāpa-)

jarābodha

mfn. (

) attending to invocation or praise

(vocative case)

jārajātaka

mfn. begotten by a paramour

jarāyu

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

jarjarānanā

f. "old-faced", Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

jaṭādhara

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

jaṭālikā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

(jāṭ- Calcutta edition)

jaṭāmālin

m. "garlanded with matted hair", Name of a muni-

jātapāśa

mfn. fettered

(varia lectio)

jaṭāyu

m. Name of the king of vultures (son of aruṇa- and śyenī-

;son of garuḍa-

;younger brother of sampāti-;promising his aid to rāma-, out of regard for his father daśa-ratha-, but defeated and mortally wounded by rāvaṇa- on attempting to rescue sītā-)

jaṭāyus

m. Name of the king of vultures (son of aruṇa- and śyenī-

;son of garuḍa-

jāṭhara

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

jaṭilaya

Nom. yati-, to twist together, form into a clotted mass

; to crest or fill with (instrumental case)

jaṭilīkṛ

to twist together, form into a clotted mass

; to crest or fill with

jaṭin

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants, ix, 2563

jātūkarṇa

m. (fr. jat-? gaRa gargādi- varia lectio) Name of an ancient teacher (one of the 28 transmitters of the purāṇa-s

[ ṇya-]

;author of a law-book

;[ ṇya-

];Name of a physician)

javana

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

jaya

m. of an attendant of viṣṇu-

jayapriyā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-, ix, 2630.

jayatsenā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-, ix, 2624.

jayāvatī

f. of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

jayendravihāra

m. Name of a vihāra- built by the latter,

jihvāmūlīya

mfn. (iv, 3, 62) belonging to or uttered from the root of the tongue (viz. ṛ-, ḷ-,the guttural class of consonants, but especially the visarga- before k-and kh-)

Va1rtt. 1.

jihvāprathana

n. expansion or too great flattening of the tongue (defect in pronunciation)

jīrṇavastra

n. worn or tattered raiment

jitākṣara

mfn. "one who has mastered his letters", writing well

jīvada

m. "life-cutter", an enemy

jīvājīvādhārakṣetra

n. the world of living beings and of lifeless matter

jīvana

n. fresh butter

jñā

cl.9 P.A1. jān/āti-, nit/e- (see

; subjunctive nat-; imperative nītat-,2. sg. nīh/i-,once irregular jña-

;[fr. cl.3.] jijāhi-

;2. plural irregular nata-.

;2. sg. A1. irregular nase-

; parasmE-pada n/at-, nān/a- irregular namāna-[

]; perfect tense jajñau-, jñe-[ Passive voice

] , 3. plural jñ/ur-

; parasmE-pada jñān/a-

; future jñāsyati-, te-; Aorist ajñāsīt-, sta- Passive voice /ajñāyi-,

; Potential jñāyāt-or jñey-

;2. sg. jñeyas- equals

; infinitive mood jñātum-) to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with (accusative;rarely genitive case

), perceive, apprehend, understand (also with infinitive mood [

]

) , experience, recognise, ascertain, investigate

etc. ; to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as (with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tasya māṃ tanayāṃ jānīta-,"know me to be his daughter"

;with mṛṣā-,"to consider as untrue"

)

etc. ; to acknowledge, approve, allow

; to recognise as one's own, take possession of

; to visit as a friend

; to remember (with genitive case)

; A1. to engage in (genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' sarpiṣo-,"to make an oblation with clarified butter")

: Causal jñapayati-, to teach any one (accusative)

; jñāp- (Passive voice jñāpyate-) to make known, announce, teach anything

and

; to inform any one (genitive case) that (double accusative)

; A1. to request, ask

(jñap-)

(jñāp-): Desiderative jijñāsate- (

; Epic also P.) to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine

etc. ; to wish for information about (accusative)

; to conjecture

: Causal Desiderative jijñapayiṣati- (also jñāp-

) and jñīpsati- (see psyamāna-), to wish to make known or inform

; ([ see etc.])

jñāna

n. engaging in (genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' sarpiṣas-,"in sacrifice with clarified butter")

vArttika

joṣavāka

m. chattering nonsense

juhū

f. (fr. hu-

Va1rtt. 3

etc.) a curved wooden ladle (for pouring sacrificial butter into fire)

etc.

jvālājihva

m. Name of an attendant (of skanda-

;of śiva-

)

jvālāvaktra

m. "flame-mouthed", Name of an attendant of śiva-

jvālinī

f. a mystical Name of the letter v-

jyotis

n. a mystical N. for the letter r-

jyotiṣkaraṇḍaka

n. Name of work on astronomy (written in Prakrit by pāda-lipta-sūri-)

the first consonant of the alphabet, and the first guttural letter (corresponding in sound tokinkeeporking).

but the old form kad- is found in the veda- (See

) ; ([ confer, compare Zend ka,ko7,kA7,kat; Greek , (Ion.,) , ; Latin quis,quid; Lithuanian kas k/a-; Gothic hvas,hvo7,hva, Anglo-Saxon hwa1,hwaet; English who,what.]) The interrogative sentence introduced by ka- is often terminated by iti- (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putra iti kathyatām-,let it be said, "whose son is he?") , but iti- may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putro na jñāyate-,it is not known whose son he is) . ka- with or without 1. as- may express"how is it possible that?""what power have I, you, they, etc.?" (exempli gratia, 'for example' ke mama dhanvino'nye-,what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum-,what power have we to rescue you?) ka- is often connected with a demonstrative pronoun (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko 'yam āyāti-,who comes here?) or with the potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko hariṃ nindet-,who will blame hari-?) ka- is sometimes repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ ko 'tra-,who is there? kān kān-,whom? whom? id est which of them? confer, compare Gram. 54) , and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (exempli gratia, 'for example' keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam-,which book is to be read by whom? Gram. 836. a-). When kim- is connected with the inst. Calcutta edition of a noun or with the indecl. participle it may express"what is gained by doing so, etc.?" (equals ko'rthas-)

vā- and api- are not so common, but the latter is often found in classical Sanskrit (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaścid-,any one; kecid-,some; na kaścid-,no one; na kiṃcid api-,nothing whatsoever; yaḥ kaścid-,any one whatsoever; kecit-- kecit-,some - others; yasmin kasmin vā deśe-,in any country whatsoever; na ko 'pi-,no one; na kimapi-,nothing whatever) . ka- may sometimes be used, like 2. kad-, at the beginning of a compound. See ka-pūya-, etc.

kabandha

mn. (sometimes written k/avandha-) a big barrel or cask, a large-bellied vessel (metaphorically applied to a cloud)

kac

cl.1 P. kacati-, to sound, cry

: A1. kacate-, cakace-, kacitā-, etc., to bind, fetter ; to shine

; ([ confer, compare kañc-; Latin cingere; Lithuanian kinkau.])

kaccara

n. buttermilk diluted with water (see kaṅkara-, kaṭura-,etc.)

kadakṣara

n. a bad letter, bad writing

kaḍavaka

n. a section of a great poem written in an apabhraṃśa- dialect

kadvara

n. whey or buttermilk mixed with water

(see kaṅkara-, kaṭvara-,etc.)

kaivalya

n. perfect isolation, abstraction, detachment from all other connections, detachment of the soul from matter or further transmigrations, beatitude

etc.

kākākṛt

mfn. uttering that cry

(varia lectio)

kakāra

m. the letter or sound ka-

kākāra

mf(ī-)n. scattering water

kākola

m. a potter (see kulāla-)

kakṣīkartavya

mfn. to be adopted or admitted (as an opinion)

kakṣīkṛta

mfn. assented, held, promised, admitted.

kāku

f. muttering, murmuring

(see śevākāku-.)

kal

P. (rarely A1.) kalayati- (te-), to impel, incite, urge on

etc. ; to bear, carry

etc. ; to betake one's self to

; to do, make, accomplish

; to utter a sound, murmur

etc. ; (sometimes in connection with nouns merely expressing the verbal conception exempli gratia, 'for example' mūrchāṃ- kal-,to swoon

; culukaṃ jalasya- kal-,to take a draught of water

) ; to tie on, attach, affix

; to furnish with ; to observe, perceive, take notice of ; to consider, count, take for

; (See 1. kalaya-, column 3.)

kāla

m. a mystical Name of the letter m-

kālaka

m. of an attendant of the fourth arhat-

kālakākṣa

m. of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kalambuṭa

n. fresh butter

kalānaka

m. Name of one of the attendants of śiva-

kalaṅkalekhā

f. a line of spots, spotted streak

kalaṅkamaya

mfn. full of stains, spotted

kalaṅkita

mfn. spotted, soiled, stained, disgraced, defamed

kalāpa

m. a poem written in one metre

kālarātri

f. a particular night in the life of a man (on the seventh day of the seventh month of the seventy-seventh year, after which period a man is exempt from attention to the usual ordinances)

kālarātrī

f. a particular night in the life of a man (on the seventh day of the seventh month of the seventy-seventh year, after which period a man is exempt from attention to the usual ordinances)

kalaśa

m. a butter-tub, churn

kālasaṃhitā

f. Name of an astronomical work (written in jaina- Prakrit, by kālakācārya-).

kālaśeya

n. (fr. kalaśi-

), buttermilk

kalaśodara

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kālidāsa

m. (fr. kālī-,the goddess durgā-, and dāsa-,a slave, the final of kālī-being shortened; see

), Name of a celebrated poet (author of the śakuntalā-, vikramorvaśī-, mālavikāgnimitra-, megha-dūta-, and raghu-vaṃśa-;described as one of the nine gems of vikramāditya-'s court, and variously placed in the first, second, third, and middle of the sixth century A.D.;the name is, however, applied to several persons, especially to two others who may have written the nalodaya- and śruta-- bodha- [hence the N. is used to denote the number,"three"], and seems, in some measure, to have been used as an honorary title).

kalinda

m. Name of a being attending on skanda-

(edition Calc.) ix, 2566 (varia lectio kaliṅga- edition Bomb.)

kaliṅga

m. Name of a being attending on skanda-

(edition Bomb.) ix, 45, 64 (varia lectio kalinda- edition Calc.)

kāliya

m. Name of a nāga- (inhabiting the yamunā-, slain by kṛṣṇa-, also written kālīya-

)

kall

cl.1 A1. kallate-, to utter an indistinct sound

; to be mute

kalmāṣa

mf(ī-)n. (

gaRa gaurādi-

) variegated, spotted, speckled with black

kalmāṣa

m. Name of an attendant on the Sun (identified with yama-)

kalmāṣatā

f. spottedness, the state of being variegated

kalmāṣita

mfn. speckled, bespotted with (inst.)

kalyāṇa

m. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

kalyāṇa

n. a form of salutation ("Hail!""May luck attend you!"),

kalyāṇakaghṛta

n. a kind of clarified butter

kalyavarta

n. anything light, a trifle, trivial matter

kāmabindu

m. "wish-drop", anything dropped into the fire to procure the fulfilment of a wish, drop of melted butter

kāmacarī

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

kāmadā

f. Name of one of the mothers in attendance on skanda-

kāmadhenutantra

n. Name of work on the mystical signification of the letters of the alphabet.

kāmaja

mfn. begotten or born of desire or lust

kāmakalābīja

n. the essential letter or syllable of a charm or spell.

kāmam

ind. (as a particle of assent) well, very well, granted, admitted that, indeed, really, surely

kāmaṇḍalava

n. the business or trade of a potter gaRa yuvādi-.

kāmārtha

m. an object or matter of pleasure,

kambara

mfn. variegated, spotted

kāmbojinī

f. Name of an attendant on devī-.

kāmikā

f. a mystical Name of the letter t-

kāṃs

cl.1 A1. kāṃsate-, to shine, glitter

(varia lectio for kāś-).

kaṃsa

m. Name of a king of mathurā- (son of ugra-sena- and cousin of the devakī- who was mother of kṛṣṇa- [ ugra-sena- being brother of devaka-, who was father of devakī-] ; he is usually called the uncle, but was really a cousin of kṛṣṇa-, and became his implacable enemy because it had been prophesied to kaṃsa- that he would be killed by a child of devakī-; as the foe of the deity he is identified with the asura- kālanemi-; and, as he was ultimately slain by kṛṣṇa-, the latter receives epithets like kaṃsa-jit-,conqueror of kaṃsa-, etc.)

etc.

kaṃsanidhana

n. Name (also title or epithet) of a poem (without labial letters, in 17 cantos)

kāṃsyanīla

mfn. "dark as copper", Name of a monkey

(occasionally written kāṃśya-nīla-)

kanakākṣa

m. "gold-eyed", Name of a being attendant on skanda-

kanakāpīḍa

m. Name of a being attending on skanda-

kāñcanākṣa

m. "gold-eyed", Name of an attendant of skanda-

kāñcanaprabha

mfn. glittering with gold

kañcukin

m. an attendant or overseer of the women's apartments, a chamberlain

etc.

kand

cl.1 P. kandati-, cakanda-, to cry, utter lamentations: A1. kandate-, to be confounded, confound

(see 1 . kad-, krand-.)

kāṇḍa

mfn. praise, flattery

kandalita

mfn. put forth or emitted in abundance or simultaneously

kaṇḍānaka

m. Name of a being attendant on śiva-

kandarpā

f. one of the divine women attending on the fifteenth arhat- (

)

kaṅkara

n. buttermilk mixed with water

kaṇṭhya

m. a guttural sound or letter

kaṇṭhyavarṇa

m. a guttural sound or letter.

kāṇūka

m. ( kaṇ-

) a crow (wrongly written kānūka- see kāṇ/a-)

kaṇūkaya

Nom. P. (present tense parasmE-pada f. kaṇūkay/antī-) to desire to utter words (of blame or censure)

kapālinī

f. of a being attending on devī-.

kaparda

m. braided and knotted hair (especially that of śiva-, knotted so as to resemble the cowrie shell)

kapardaka

m. braided and knotted hair

kapardin

mfn. wearing braided and knotted hair (like the cowrie shell)

(said of rudra-, pūṣan-, etc.)

kāpaṭika

m. a flatterer, parasite

kapotakarbura

mfn. spotted like a dove,

kāra

m. the term used in designating a letter or sound or indeclinable word (exempli gratia, 'for example' a-k-, ka-k-,qq. vv.; eva-k-,the word eva-; phūt-k- q.v)

etc.

kāraṇa

n. an element, elementary matter

karaṇīya

n. an affair, business, matter,

karbu

mfn. variegated, spotted

karbura

mf(ā-)n. variegated, of a spotted or variegated colour

etc.

karburaka

mfn. variegated, spotted

kārin

3 mfn. (from kṝ-) scattering, destroying,

karkoṭī

f. Name of a plant with a bitter fruit

karman

n. physicking, medical attendance

karmapravacanīya

m. (scilicet śabda-;in grammar) a term for certain prepositions or particles not connected with a verb but generally governing a noun (either separated from it or forming a compound with it;a karma-pravacanīya- never loses its accent, and exercises no euphonic influence on the initial letter of a following verb;See also upa-sarga-, gati-,and nipāta-)

karṇaprāvaraṇā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

karṇārpaṇa

n. applying the ear, giving ear, paying attention, listening to.

karṇasaṃsrāva

m. running of the ear, discharge of pus or ichorous matter from the ear

karṇāvadhāna

n. giving ear to, listening to, attention (dhānam ava-dhā-,to pay attention, attend) .

karṇīratha

(for karṇi-ratha-) m. a kind of litter

karśana

mfn. ( kṛś-), rendering lean, attenuating, causing emaciation

karvara

mfn. or karbara- (1. kṝ-

), variegated, spotted

kārya

n. occupation, matter, thing, enterprise, emergency, occurrence, crisis

kāryādhipa

m. a dominant or presiding planet determining any matter (in astrology)

kāryavṛttānta

m. a matter of fact, actual occurrence

kaśā

f. (

) a whip

etc. (also written kaṣā-

)

kāśa

m. a species of grass (Saccharum spontaneum, used for mats, roofs, etc.;also personified, together with the kuśa- grass, as one of yama-'s attendants)

etc.

kaṣāyita

mfn. spotted, soiled

kaśeru

n. m. (fr. ka-,water or wind, + śṝ-

;also written kaseru-) the back-bone

kāśi

f. "the splendid", Name of a celebrated city and place of pilgrimage (the modern Benares, usually written kāśī- q.v)

kāṣṭha

m. Name of one of kubera-'s attendants

kastūrikā

f. musk, the animal perfume (supposed to come out of the navel of the musk-deer, and brought from Kashmir, Nepal, Western Assam or Butan, the latter being the best)

(confer, compare Greek .)

kathānurāga

(kathānu-) m. taking pleasure in a story, attention to a discourse.

kathāprasaṅga

mfn. talkative, talking much, half-witted

kaṭin

mfn. matted, screened

katth

cl.1 A1. katthate-, cakatthe-, katthitā-, etc. (

) , to boast

; to mention with praise, praise, celebrate

; to flatter, coax

; to abuse, revile

kaṭu

mf(vī-and us-)n. bitter, caustic (as words) displeasing, disagreeable (as sounds)

kaṭu

m. (us-) pungency, acerbity (as of a flavour)

; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian kartus,"bitter"])

kaṭuka

mf(ā-and ī-)n. sharp, pungent, bitter

kaṭukita

mfn. (PrakritkaDuida) spoken to sharply or bitterly, treated harshly,

kaṭura

n. buttermilk mixed with water

kaṭutumbī

f. a kind of bitter gourd

kaṭvara

n. (

; see kaṭura-) buttermilk mixed with water

kaulāla

m. (Ved. equals k/ul-

Va1rtt. 1) a potter ["the son of a potter"commentator or commentary ]

kaulāla

n. (fr. k/ul-), potter's ware, pottery

kaulālacakra

n. a potter's wheel

kaulālaka

n. anything made by a potter, earthenware, porcelain

kaumbhakāraka

n. "anything made by a potter", gaRa kulālādi-.

kaumbhakāreya

m. the son of a female potter

vArttika 5 and 48 Va1rtt. 8.

kaumbhakāri

m. the son of a potter

kavalya

mfn. to be bitten or swallowed,

kavarga

m. the gutturals (of which ka-is the first letter)

(see varg/a-.)

kavarga

m. the class of guttural letters

(see varga-.)

kavaṣa

m. (or kavaṣa ailūṣa-) Name of a ṛṣi- (son of ilūṣa- by a slave girl, and author of several hymns in the tenth maṇḍala- of the ṛg-- veda-;when the ṛṣi-s were performing a sacrifice on the banks of the sarasvatī- he was expelled as an impostor and as unworthy to drink of the water, being the son of a slave;it was only when the gods had shown him special favour that he was readmitted to their society)

kavikalpadruma

m. Name of a metrical collection of roots written by vopa-deva-.

kāvya

mf(ā-)n. coming from or uttered by the sage uśanas-

kekotkaṇṭha

m. fond of uttering cries (as a peacock),

kelikila

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

kenāra

m. a division of hell, hell compared to a potter's kiln

kenipa

according to to some from keni- [3. ci-] + pa-,"attending to the worship or sacrifice".

kesarapāśa

mf(ā-)n. having fetters of hair,

keśin

mfn. (

) having fine or long hair (said of rudra-[ see kapardin-],of his female attendants, of female demons, and of men)

(see

)

keśinī

f. plural (/inīs-) Ved. "the attendants of rudra-" (See before)

kev

cl.1 A1. kevate-, to serve, attend to

(see sev-.)

kevaladravya

n. mere matter or substance

khaḍa

m. buttermilk boiled with acid vegetables and spices

khaḍga

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

khaḍgahastā

f. Name of a female attendant in the retinue of devī-.

khajapa

n. ghee or clarified butter

khakāra

m. the letter or sound kha-.

khala

m. (equals khaḍa-) butter-milk boiled with acid vegetables and spices

khaṇakhaṇāya

(onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds)) (onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds)) A1. yate-, to utter or give out any peculiar sound, tick, tinkle, crack, etc.

khaṇḍābhra

n. scattered clouds

khaṇḍita

mfn. (gaRa tārakādi-) cut, torn, broken in pieces, scattered, dispersed, destroyed, removed

khara

m. Name of an attendant [of the Sun (= dharma-)

;of śiva-

]

kharāṇḍaka

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

kharoṣṭī

f. a kind of written character or alphabet

khāsyalipi

f. (fr. khasa-?), a kind of written character or alphabet

khātarūpakāra

m. a potter

khaṭvāṅga

m. Name of an attendant in the retinue of devī-

khid

cl.6. khindati- (

;Ved. khidati-

; perf. cikheda-,or Vedic or Veda cakhāda-

; future khetsyati-

), to strike, press, press down

; to be depressed or wearied

: cl.7 A1. khintte-, to be pressed down, suffer pain

: cl.4 A1. khidyate- (rarely P.

), to be pressed down or depressed, be distressed or wearied, feel tired or exhausted

etc.: Causal P. khedayati- (rarely A1.

), to press down, molest, disturb, make tired or exhausted

(varia lectio)

; ([ confer, compare Greek ?])

kikirā

ind. with 1. kṛ-, to tear into pieces, rend into rags and tatters

kilāsa

n. (in med.) a species of leprosy (resembling the so-called white leprosy in which the skin becomes spotted without producing ulcers)

kilāsī

f. a kind of spotted deer (described as the vehicle of the marut-s)

kiṃcijjña

mfn. knowing a little, a mere smatterer

kiṃkara

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

kiṃkarapāṇi

mfn. (fr. kiṃ karavāṇi-,"what am l to do?") , having hands ready to attend any one

kiṃnara

m. of the attendant of the fifteenth arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

kimparivāra

mfn. having what attendance?

kimpuruṣa

m. ([

]) "what sort of a man?"a mongrel being (according to the brāhmaṇa-s an evil being similar to man;perhaps originally a kind of monkey[ see

];in later times the word is usually identified with kiṃ-nara-,though sometimes applied to other beings in which the figure of a man and that of an animal are combined;these beings are supposed to live on hema-kūṭa- and are regarded as the attendants of kubera-;with Jains the kimpuruṣa-s, like the kiṃnara-s, belong to the vyantara-s)

kimpuruṣa

m. ([

]) "what sort of a man?"a mongrel being (according to the brāhmaṇa-s an evil being similar to man;perhaps originally a kind of monkey[ see

kiṃvṛtta

m. who says"what is an event?" id est who does not wonder at any event (Name of the attendants of a lion)

kira

mf(ā-)n. scattering, etc.

(see mṛt-kirā-)

kirat

mfn. (pr.p.) scattering, spreading

kirīṭin

m. of an attendant of skanda-

kirīṭin

m. of an attendant of śiva- commentator or commentary on

kirmīrita

mfn. variegated, spotted

kīrṇa

mfn. (1. kṝ-) scattered, thrown, cast

etc.

kīrṇapuṣpa

m. "having scattered blossoms", Name of a creeper

kīrṇi

f. scattering, throwing

Va1rtt. 2

kīrtipratāpabalasahita

mfn. attended with or possessed of fame and majesty and power.

kīryamāṇa

mfn. being scattered or thrown.

kisa

m. Name of an attendant of the sun

kīṭapakṣodgama

m. the change from chrysalis or pupa to butterfly

kiyanmātra

n. trifle, small matter

klavita

mfn. uttered hesitatingly, stammered

klinna

mfn. rotted, putrefied

koka

m. of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kokanada

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kokilaka

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

koṣṭhakoṭi

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

koṣṭhya

mfn. proceeding from the chest, emitted (as a sound) from the centre of the lungs

koṭaka

m. a builder of sheds or huts, thatcher, carpenter (man of mixed caste, son of a mason and of the daughter of a potter)

kṛ

Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- (

) ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also

), /akran- (Aorist,according to

); A1. /akri- (

), /akṛthās- (

), /akṛta- (

); akrātām- (

), /akrata- (

) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also

), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- (

) , 3. plural kr/anta- (

) : Potential kriyāma- (

); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to

) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- (

) (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (

); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (

), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā-

), kṛṇavase- (also

varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- (

) or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- (

) : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi-

); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after

]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- (

) : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also

), kuruta- or kurutana- (

); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- (

), vāma- or vāmas- (

), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (

; he-

), karavaithe-, vaite- (

), vāmahai-(he-

) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (

); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (

); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam-

); A1. cakrāṇa- (

) : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (

); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (

), acakrat- (

), /acakriran- (

); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (

); Class. akārṣīt- (

;once akāraṣīt-

); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- (

) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([

]) and kṛtv/āya- ([

]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake

etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command)

; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build

; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case)

etc. ; to compose, describe

; to cultivate

(confer, compare

) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"

; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"

; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry

; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love

; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider

; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog '

;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-]

; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of

) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[

etc.] or buddhim-[

] or matim-[

]or bhāvam-[

], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief

; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going

; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd

; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him

) ; to think of (accusative)

; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal

)

etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume

; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case)

; to make liable to (dative case)

; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden)

; to appoint, institute

; to give an order, commission

; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-)

; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city)

; to proceed, act, put in practice

etc. ; to worship, sacrifice

; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-)

(

), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula (

) ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram-

; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw

) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-)

The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty

; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([

]) or salilaṃ- ([

]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons

; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute

; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc.

; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate

; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- (

) , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see

;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti-

; imperfect tense akar-

and

;3. plural akran-

and

; preceding kriyāt-

(See

);according to

, also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see

] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made

; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade

; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee

) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate

etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house

)

. Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word

; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly

; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does

) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs-

) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after

etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship

: Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See

), to do repeatedly

; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([

]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator

]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .])

kṝ

cl.6 P. kir/ati- (

; perf. -cakāra-

; 2nd future kariṣyati-; 1st future karitā-or karītā-

; Aorist akārīt-[Ved. s/aṃ k/āriṣat-]; ind.p. -kīrya-; Passive voice kīryate-), to pour out, scatter, throw, cast, disperse

etc. ; to throw up in a heap, heap up

: A1. kirate-, to throw off from one's self

: P. to strew, pour over, fill with, cover with

; (perf. 3. plural cakarur-)

: Desiderative cikariṣati-

: Intensive cākarti-

; ([ confer, compare Greek , .])

kram

cl.1 P. A1. kr/āmati- (

; Epic also kramati-), kramate- (

, Epic also krāmate-;according to

cl.4 P. krāmyati-[ kramyati-

]; Aorist akramīt-

etc.; A1. kr/amiṣṭa-, kraṃsate-[

] , 3. plural c/akramanta-[

]; perf. cakrāma-,or cakrame-; parasmE-pada cakramāṇ/a-

; future kramiṣyati-or kraṃsyate- ind.p. krāntvā-, krantvā-,or kramitvā-

), to step, walk, go, go towards, approach (with /accha-, /adhi- accusative or locative case)

etc. ; to approach in order to ask for assistance (with locative case)

; to go across, go over

etc. ; Ved. to climb (as on a tree's branch)

; to cover (in copulation)

; to stretch over, project over, tower above, (ind.p. krāntvā-)

; to take possession of

; A1. to undertake, strive after, make effort for (dative case)

; (locative case)

; A1. (

) to proceed well, advance, make progress, gain a footing, succeed, have effect

; to be appliable or practicable

; P. to be liable to the peculiar arrangement of a Vedic text called krama- (id est to be doubled, as a letter or word)

; A1. to read according to the krama- arrangement of a Vedic text

(a-krānta-): Causal P. kramayati-, to cause to step

; kramayati- or krām-, to make liable to the peculiar arrangement called krama- (id est to double a letter or word)

etc.: Intensive caṅkramyate- (

; parasmE-pada caṅ-kramy/amāṇa-[

]or kramam-

and

) or caṅkramīti- (

; imperfect tense 2. plural caṅkramata-

; future parasmE-pada caṅkramiṣy/at-

; ind.p. mitvā-

; see mit/a-), to step to and fro, walk or wander about.

krama

m. "progressing step by step", a peculiar manner or method of reading and writing Vedic texts (so called because the reading proceeds from the 1st member, either word or letter, to the 2nd, then the 2nd is repeated and connected with the 3rd, the 3rd repeated and connected with the 4th, and so on;this manner of reading in relation to words is called pada--[

] , in relation to conjunct consonants varṇa--[ib.])

krama

m. the words or letters themselves when combined or arranged in the said manner

kramaṇa

n. treatment of words or letters according to the krama- arrangement (id est doubling letters or words etc.)

kramasaṃhitā

f. a Vedic saṃhitā- written according to the krama- method commentator or commentary on

kramya

mfn. to be treated or attended medically

(see saha-k-.)

krand

cl.1 P. A1. kr/andati-, krandate- (varia lectio kradate-fr. krad-

; subjunctive kr/andat-; imperfect tense krandat-and /akrandat-; Aorist 2. sg. kradas-, cakradas-,and /akrān-,3. sg. akrān-and /akrān-; akrandīt-

; parasmE-pada kr/andat-), to neigh (as a horse), roar (metaphorically applied to the clouds and to wind and water)

; to creak (as a wheel)

; to sound, make a noise

; to cry piteously, weep, lament, grieve, be confused with sorrow

etc. ; to call out piteously to any one (accusative)

(perf. cakranda-)

: Causal krandayati- (Aorist /acikradat-,3. plural dan-), to cause to roar

; to cause to weep or lament

; to roar, rave

; to neigh after (accusative)

: Intensive P. k/anikrantti- (A1. ntte-

; parasmE-pada k/anikradat-,once k/anikrat-

; parasmE-pada A1. kanikrady/amana-

) , to neigh, roar, rave, cry out

; to creak, crackle

; ([ confer, compare Gothic gre1ta,"to lament."])

kratha

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

krātha

m. of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue, ix, 2572

krauñcadāraṇa

m. " krauñca--splitter", kārttikeya-

kṛcchra

mf(ā-)n. (perhaps fr. kṛś-,and connected with kaṣṭa-), causing trouble or pain, painful, attended with pain or labour

kriyāpāda

m. the third division of a suit at law (witnesses, written documents, and other proofs adduced by the complainants, rejoinder of the plaintiff).

kriyāpara

mfn. attentive to the performance of one's duties

krodhinī

f. a mystical Name of the letter r-.

kṛś

cl.4 P. k/ṛśyati- (perf. cak/arśa-; ind.p. kṛśitvā-or karś-

), to become lean or thin, become emaciated or feeble

; to cause (the moon) to wane

: Causal karśayati-, to make thin or lean, attenuate, emaciate, keep short of food

etc. ; to lessen, diminish

([ confer, compare perhaps Latin parco,parcus.])

kṛṣisaṃgraha

m. Name of work (said to be written by parāśara-).

kṛṣṇa

m. Name of a celebrated Avatar of the god viṣṇu-, or sometimes identified with viṣṇu- himself ([

]) as distinct from his ten Avata1rsAvatars or incarnations (in the earlier legends he appears as a great hero and teacher[

];in the more recent he is deified, and is often represented as a young and amorous shepherd with flowing hair and a flute in his hand;the following are a few particulars of his birth and history as related in

and in the purāṇa-s etc.: vasu-deva-, who was a descendant of yadu- and yayāti-, had two wives, rohiṇī- and devakī-;the latter had eight sons of whom the eighth was kṛṣṇa-; kaṃsa-, king of mathurā- and cousin of devakī-, was informed by a prediction that one of these sons would kill him;he therefore kept vasu-deva- and his wife in confinement, and slew their first six children;the seventh was balarāma- who was saved by being abstracted from the womb of devakī- and transferred to that of rohiṇī-;the eighth was kṛṣṇa- who was born with black skin and a peculiar mark on his breast;his father vasu-deva- managed to escape from mathurā- with the child, and favoured by the gods found a herdsman named nanda- whose wife yaśo-dā- had just been delivered of a son which vasu-deva- conveyed to devakī- after substituting his own in its place. nanda- with his wife yaśo-dā- took the infant kṛṣṇa- and settled first in gokula- or vraja-, and afterwards in vṛndāvana-, where kṛṣṇa- and bala-rāma- grew up together, roaming in the woods and joining in the sports of the herdsmen's sons; kṛṣṇa- as a youth contested the sovereignty of indra-, and was victorious over that god, who descended from heaven to praise kṛṣṇa-, and made him lord over the cattle[

]; kṛṣṇa- is described as sporting constantly with the gopī-s or shepherdesses[

]of whom a thousand became his wives, though only eight are specified, rādhā- being the favourite[

]; kṛṣṇa- built and fortified a city called dvārakā- in Gujarat, and thither transported the inhabitants of mathurā- after killing kaṃsa-; kṛṣṇa- had various wives besides the gopī-s, and by rukmiṇī- had a son pradyumna- who is usually identified with kāma-deva-;with Jains, kṛṣṇa- is one of the nine black vasu-deva-s;with Buddhists he is the chief of the black demons, who are the enemies of buddha- and the white demons)

kṛṣṇa

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kṛṣṇabhaṭṭī

f. Name of a commentator or commentary written by kṛṣṇa-bhaṭṭa-.

kṛṣṇaita

mfn. (

) spotted black

kṛṣṇakeśa

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kṛṣṇasāra

mf(ī-)n. chiefly black, black and white (as the eye), spotted black

etc.

kṛṣṇasāra

m. (with or without mṛga-) the spotted antelope

etc.

kṛṣṇasāraṅga

mfn. (

) spotted black

kṛṣṇasāraṅga

m. the spotted antelope

(varia lectio)

kṛṣṇaujas

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kṛtādara

mf(ā-)n. one to whom regard or attention has been paid

kṛtāgas

mfn. one who has committed an offence, criminal, sinful

kṛtālaka

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants commentator or commentary on

kṛtamāla

m. the spotted antelope

kṛtamālaka

m. the spotted antelope

kṛtāparādha

mfn. one who has committed an offence against (genitive case), guilty, culpable

kṛtāvadhāna

mfn. one who takes care, careful, cautious, attentive.

kṛtayajus

(kṛt/a--) mfn. one who has uttered the sacrificial formulas

kṛtya

mfn. (in med.) to be treated or attended with (in compound)

kṣānta

mfn. ending with the letter kṣa-

kṣantavya

mfn. to be borne or endured or suffered or submitted to patiently

kṣaraṇa

n. splashing, spattering

kṣārita

mfn. distilled from saline matter, strained through alkaline ashes etc.

kṣataja

n. pus, matter

kṣattṛ

m. an attendant, (especially) door-keeper, porter (see anukṣ-)

etc.

kṣayāha

m. a lunar day that is omitted in the adjustment of the lunar and the solar calendar

kṣayamāsa

m. a lunar month that is omitted in the adjustment of the lunar and the solar calendar

kṣemaka

m. of an attendant of śiva-

kṣemaṇīyatara

n. better health,

kṣemavāha

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

kṣemavat

mfn. attended with tranquillity and security, prosperous

kṣetrajāta

mfn. begotten on a wife by another

kṣip

cl.6 P. kṣip/ati- A1. kṣipate- (

etc.; cl.4 P. kṣipyati-,only

; subjunctive kṣip/at-; perf. cikṣepa-

etc.; Epic also cikṣipe-; future 2nd kṣepsyati-

etc.; Epic also te-; infinitive mood kṣeptum-; confer, compare

), to throw, cast, send, despatch

(Passive voice pr. p. kṣipyat-,

) etc. ; to move hastily (the arms or legs)

; to throw a glance (as the eye)

; to strike or hit (with a weapon)

; to put or place anything on or in (locative case), pour on, scatter, fix or attach to (locative case)

etc. ; to direct (the thoughts) upon (locative case)

; to throw away, cast away, get rid of

; to lay (the blame) on (locative case)

; to utter abusive words, insult, revile, abuse

etc. ; "to disdain" id est to excel, beat, outvie

; to strike down, ruin, destroy

; (A1."to destroy one another, go to ruin" Potential 3. plural kṣiperan-

) ; to pass or while away (the time or night, kālam-, kṣapām-)

; to lose (time, kālam-; confer, compare kālakṣepa-)

; to skip or pass over (a day, dinam-.)

; (in mathematics) to add

: Causal P. kṣepayati-, to cause to cast or throw into (antar-)

; to throw into

; to cause to descend into (locative case)

; to pass or while away (the night, kṣapām-)

; (Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. cikṣipas-) to hurt, injure

(confer, compare subjunctive kṣepayat- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. kṣi-); ([ confer, compare Latin sipo,dissipo,forxipo.])

kṣipaṇyu

mfn. diffusive, what may be sent or scattered, fragrant

kṣiprahoma

m. a speedy sacrifice (in which several ceremonies are omitted) commentator or commentary on

kṣipta

n. "scattered", distraction or absence of mind

kṣīraghṛta

n. purified butter mixed with milk

(see -sarpis-.)

kṣīrasāra

m. butter

kṣīrottha

n. "produced from milk", fresh butter

kṣitikampana

m. Name of an attendant in skanda-'s retinue

kṣṇuta

mfn. whetted, sharpened

kṣoda

m. stamping, shattering, crushing into pieces

kṣud

cl.1 P. kṣ/odati-, to strike against, shake

(

) ; A1. to move, be agitated or shaken

: cl.7 P. A1. kṣuṇatti-, kṣuntte- (imperfect tense akṣuṇat-; Aorist 3. plural akṣautsur-; future kṣotsyati-

), to stamp or trample upon

: Causal kṣodayati- (imperfect tense /akṣodayat-), to shake or agitate by stamping

; to crush, pound, pulverise

; (Nom. P.fr. kṣudr/a-) to reduce, diminish

; ([ confer, compare Greek , for, ; Lithuanian skausti ?])

kṣudhā

f. a mystical Name of the letter y-

kṣuṇṇa

mfn. broken to pieces, shattered, pierced

kṣveḍa

m. a mystical Name of the letter m- (also kṣvela-

; see viṣa-= kṣveḍa-2)

kṣviḍ

(or 1. kṣvid-) cl.1 P. kṣveḍati- (

; Potential ḍet-

; pr. p. ḍat-

; kṣvedati-

), to utter an inarticulate sound, hum, murmur, growl, roar, hiss, whistle, rattle: Causal P. kṣveḍayati- idem or 'f. ("red-mouthed monkey"Scholiast or Commentator) '

kubhany

according to to some - ku-- bhany/u-,"chattering, noisy".

kubja

m. Name of a person born under certain constellations and being an attendant of the model man haṃsa-

kuc

cl.1 P. kocati-, to sound high, utter a shrill cry (as a bird)

; to polish

; to go

; to connect, mix

; to bend, make curved

; to be curved or crooked

; to oppose, impede

: to mark with lines, write

: cl.6 P. kucati-, to contract

; to be or make small

(see kuñc-.)

kucela

mfn. badly clothed, dressed in dirty or tattered garments

kūdara

m. "sprung from a bad womb", the offspring of a Brahman woman (by a ṛṣi-) begotten during menstruation

kuḍmala

mn. a bud (sometimes written kuṭmala-)

etc. (see stana-k-)

kuharita

n. a sound uttered in copulation

kūj

cl.1 P. k/ūjati- (perf. cukūja-

), to make any inarticulate or monotonous sound, utter a cry (as a bird), coo (as a pigeon), caw (as a crow), warble, moan, groan, utter any indistinct sound

etc. ; "to fill with monotonous sounds", etc. See kūjita- ; to blow or breathe (the flute)

kūjana

n. the uttering of any inarticulate sound, cooing, moaning

kūjita

mfn. uttered inarticulately, cooed, etc.

etc.

kulāla

m. (fr. kul-

), a potter

etc.

kulālacakra

n. a potter's disk

kulālakṛta

(k/ul-) mfn. made by a potter

kulālaśālā

f. a potter's workshop,

kulālavat

ind. like a potter.

kulālī

f. the wife of a potter

kulasevaka

m. an excellent attendant or servant

kulīna

m. a Brahman of the highest class in Bengal (id est a member of one of the eight principal families of the vārendra- division or of one of the six chief families of the rāḍha- or Rarh division as classified by Balal Sen, rāja- of Bengal, in the twelfth century;common names of the latter families are Mukharjea, Banarjea, Chatarjea, etc.)

kumāra

m. of the attendant of the twelfth arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

kumbhaka

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

kumbhakāra

m. a potter (being according to some authorities the son of a Brahman by a wife of the kṣatriya- caste)

etc.

kumbhakāraka

m. a potter

kumbhakārī

f. the wife of a potter

kumbhakārikā

f. the wife of a potter, woman of the potter caste

kumbhāṇḍaka

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

(varia lectio kumbhāṇḍakodara-).

kumbhaśālā

f. a pottery

kumbhasarpis

n. butter placed in a jar

kumbhavaktra

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

kumbhila

m. a child begotten at undue seasons or a child of an imperfect pregnation

kumbhīpāka

m. sg. or plural a hell in which the wicked are baked like potter's vessels or cooked like the contents of a cooking vessel

kumbhodara

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

kumuda

m. of an attendant of skanda- ([

]) or of viṣṇu- ([

])

kumudākṣa

m. of an attendant of viṣṇu-

kūṇakuccha

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

(see kauṇakutsya-.)

kuṇḍala

n. a fetter, tie

kuṇḍalin

m. the spotted or painted deer

kuṇḍaloddyotitānana

mfn. having his face radiant with glittering pendants.

kuṇḍinī

f. (with the yogin-s) matter (as opposed to spirit)

kuñjala

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

kuntalikā

f. butter knife or scoop

kur

cl.6 P. kurati-, to utter a sound

kuraṅgalāñchana

m. "deer-spotted", the moon

kūrca

mn. false praise, unmerited commendation either of one's self or another person, boasting, flattery

kuru

m. Name of the ancestor of the kuru-s (son of saṃvaraṇa- and tapatī-, daughter of the sun[

]; kuru- is the ancestor of both pāṇḍu- and dhṛta-rāṣṭra-, though the patronymic derived from his name is usually applied only to the sons of the latter, the sons and descendants of the former being called pāṇḍava-s)

kuśa

m. one of the great dvīpa-s or divisions of the universe (surrounded by the sea of liquefied butter)

kuśika

m. of the father of gāthin- or gādhin- or gādhi- (the latter being sometimes identified with indra-, who is called kauśika- or kuśikottama-

; gādhi- is also regarded as the father of viśvā-mitra-

)

kuṣmāṇḍaka

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

(varia lectio kūṣm-).

kustumbaru

m. Name of one of kubera-'s attendants

kusūla

m. (also written kuśūla-) a granary, store-room (in which rice or other grain is kept)

kusuma

m. Name of an attendant of the sixth arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-

kusumāñjali

f. Name of a philosophical work (written by udayana- ācārya- to prove the existence of a Supreme Being, and consisting of seventy-two kārikā-s divided into five chapters)

kuta

m. Name of one of the eighteen attendants of the sun (identified with the god of the ocean)

kūṭa

m. a mystical Name of the letter kṣa-

kūṭapālaka

m. a potter's kiln

varia lectio for -pākala- q.v

kutapasaptaka

n. a śrāddha- in which seven constituents occur (viz. noon, a horn platter, a Nepal blanket, silver, sacrificial grass, Sesamum, and kine)

kuṭhārika

m. a wood-cutter

kuṭikuṭīkṛ

to fill with warbling or twittering

kuṭīmukha

m. Name of one of the attendants of kubera-

kuṭṭita

mfn. pounded, flattened

kuṭṭitā

f. (scilicet sirā-) unskilful opening of a vein (the latter being cut to pieces by repeated application of the knife)

kutūhala

n. (fr. kutas-and hala-,"calling out"?) , curiosity, interest in any extra-ordinary matter

etc.

kuṭumbavyāpṛta

m. an attentive father of a family.

kva

ind. in any case or matter whatever

a technical term for all the tenses and moods of a finite verb or for the terminations of those tenses and moods (also applied to some forms with kṛt-affixes construed like a finite verb

; see

, and when accompanied by certain indicatory letters denoting each tense separatelySee laṭ-; laṅ-; liṅ-; loṭ-; liṭ-; luṭ-; ḷṭ-; luṅ-; ḷṅ-; leṭ-)

lāba

m. (often written lāva-) Perdix Chinensis

(alsof(ā-).)

labdhavarṇa

mfn. one who has gained a knowledge of letters, lettered, learned in (compound)

labh

(confer, compare rabh-) cl.1 A1. (

) labhate- (Epic also ti-and lambhate-; perfect tense lebh/e-, Epic also lalābha-; Aorist alabdha-, alapsata-

; preceding lapsīya-

; future labdhā- grammar; lapsyate-, ti-

etc.; labhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood labdhum-

; ind.p. labdhv/ā-

etc.; -labhya-, -lambham-

etc.; lābham-

), to take, seize, catch ; catch sight of, meet with, find

etc. etc. (with antaram-,to find an opportunity, make an impression, be effective;with avakāśam-,to find scope, be appropriate;with kālam-,to find the right time or moment) ; to gain possession of, obtain, receive, conceive, get, receive ("from" ablative;"as" accusative), recover

(with garbham-,"to conceive an embryo","become pregnant";with padam-,to obtain a footing) ; to gain the power of (doing anything), succeed in, be permitted or allowed to (infinitive mood or dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' labhate draṣṭum-,or darśanāya-,"he is able or allowed to see")

etc. ; to possess, have

; to perceive, know, understand, learn, find out

: Passive voice labhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist alābhi-or alambhi-,with preposition only alambhi-; confer, compare

), to be taken or caught or met with or found or got or obtained

etc. ; to be allowed or permitted (infinitive mood sometimes with pass. sense exempli gratia, 'for example' nādharmo labhyate kartum-,"injustice ought not to be done", confer, compare above)

; to follow, result

; to be comprehended by (ablative)

: Causal lambhayati-, te- (Aorist alalambhat-), to cause to take or receive or obtain, give, bestow (generally with two accusative;rarely with accusative and instrumental case = to present with;in

with two accusative and instrumental case; confer, compare

)

etc. ; to get, procure (confer, compare lambhita-) ; to find out, discover

; to cause to suffer

; Desiderative l/ipsate- (mc. also ti-

līpsate-), to wish to seize or take or catch or obtain or receive (with accusative or genitive case;"from" ablative)

: Intensive lālabhyate-, lālambhīti- or lālabdhi- grammar ([ Greek , ; Latin labor; Lithuanian la4bas, l/obis-.])

laghu

mf(vī-,or u-)n. unimpeded, without attendance or a retinue

laghukriyā

f. a small matter, trifle

laghumātra

n. an unimportant matter, trifle

laiśika

n. the offence of a monk who taking advantage of an apparent transgression committed by a fellow monk wrongfully accuses him of it

lakāra

m. the letter or sound la-

(applied in naming the 10 tenses and moods as above

)

laktaka

n. equals naktaka-, a dirty and tattered cloth, a rag

lākuṭika

m. (fr. lakuṭa-) "staff-bearer", a servant, attendant

(Bombay edition; varia lectio lāguḍika-).

lāla

n. a secret matter

lālaka

m. also n. and f(ikā-). an infant's attempts at speaking

lalalla

(onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds)) indistinct or lisping utterance

lalāṭa

n. (later form of rarāṭa- q.v) the forehead, brow

etc. ( lalāṭe ṭe- ind.on the forehead, in front;the destiny of every individual is believed by the Hindus to be written by brahmā- on his forehead on the 6th day after birthSee

)

lalāṭalekhā

f. the lines written on the forehead

lalāṭalikhita

mfn. written (by brahmā-) on the forehead (See above)

lālāṭika

mf(ī-)n. relating to fate or destiny (supposed to be written on the forehead)

lālāṭika

m. an attentive servant (as"one who watches his master's face or countenance")

lambā

f. a kind of bitter gourd or cucumber

lambā

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attending upon skanda-

lambakarṇa

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

lambapayodharā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending upon skanda-

lambinī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

lānta

m. a mystical N. for the letter va-

lap

(confer, compare rap-) cl.1 P. (

) lapati- (Epic also te-and lapyati-; perfect tense lalāpa-, lepus-

etc.; Aorist alāpīt- grammar; future lapitā-

; lapiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood laptum-

; lapitum-

; ind.p. -lapya-

), to prate, chatter, talk (also of birds)

; to whisper

; to wail, lament, weep

: Causal lāpayati-, te- (Aorist alīlapat-or alalāpat- grammar), to cause to talk

: Desiderative lilapiṣati- grammar : Intensive l/ālapīti-, to prate senselessly

; lālapyate- (mc. also ti-), to wail, lament

; to address repeatedly

, lālapti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; perhaps Latin la1mentumfor lap-mentum-.])

lap

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') speaking, uttering (See abhilāpalap-).

lāpin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') speaking, uttering

lapita

mfn. chattered, spoken, said

lapita

n. chatter, hum

las

cl.1 P., (

) lasati- (only parasmE-pada lasat-, lasamāna-,and perfect tense lalāsa-; grammar also Aorist alasīt-; future, lasitā-, lasiṣyati-), to shine, flash, glitter

etc. ; to appear, come to light, arise

; to sound, resound

(confer, compare ras-) ; to play, sport, frolic

; to embrace

: Causal , or cl.10. (

), lāsayati- (Aorist alīlasat-; Passive voice lāsyate-), to dance

; to cause to teach to dance

; to exercise an art (confer, compare laś-)

[ confer, compare Latin lascivus,lascivire.]

las

mfn. shining, glittering (See a-las-).

laśuna

n. or (rarely) m. (

;sometimes written lasuna- see rasuna-) garlic

etc.

lauhabandha

n. an iron chain, iron fetters

lāvaka

m. a cutter, reaper

lavana

mfn. one who cuts etc., a cutter, reaper gaRa nandy-ādi-

lāvāṇaka

m. Name of a district adjacent to magadha-

(sometimes written lāvān-)

lavaṇatikta

mfn. saline and bitter

lekha

m. (also plural) a writing, letter, manuscript, written document of any kind

etc. (see kūṭa-l-)

lekhādhikārin

m. "presiding over written documents", a king's secretary

lekhahāra

m. a letter-carrier, the bearer of a letter

lekhahāraka

m. a letter-carrier, the bearer of a letter

lekhahārin

mf(iṇī-)n. taking or conveying a letter ( lekhahārintva -tva- n.)

lekhaka

n. a writing, written message

lekhakamuktāmaṇi

m. "pearl-gem for scribes", Name of a treatise by hari-dāsa- on letter-writing and on secretarial art.

lekhana

mf(ī-)n. exciting, stimulating, attenuating

lekhana

n. making thin, attenuating, reducing corpulency (See next) .

lekhanika

m. a letter-carrier, bearer of a letter

(see lekhīlaka-).

lekhanīya

mfn. to be written or drawn or painted

lekhapañcāśikā

f. Name of work (containing 50 forms of letters, deeds. bonds etc., composed A.D. 1232).

lekhapattra

n. (

), (

) a written document, letter, writ, deed.

lekhapattrikā

f. (

) a written document, letter, writ, deed.

lekhasaṃdeśahārin

mf(iṇī-)n. taking or conveying a written message or instructions

lekhīlaka

m. a letter-carrier

lekhita

mfn. (fr. Causal) caused to be written

lekhita

mfn. written

lekhya

mfn. to be written or transcribed

lekhya

mfn. to be written down or numbered among (locative case)

lekhya

n. a writing, letter, manuscript

lekhya

n. (in law) any written document (especially a written accusation or defence)

(see

)

lekhyaka

mfn. written, epistolary

lekhyapattra

n. a written document, writing, scripture, letter

lekhyaprasaṅga

m. a written contract record, document

lekhyāruḍha

mfn. committed to writing, recorded

leśika

m. a grass-cutter

likh

(confer, compare the earlier form rikh-) cl.6 P. (

) likh/ati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense lil/ekha-

etc.; Aorist alekhīt-

; future lekhitā-, lekhiṣyati- grammar; likhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood lekhitum-,or likhitum- grammar; ind.p. lekhitvā-

; likhitvā-

; -l/ikhya-

etc.) , to scratch, scrape, furrow, tear up (the ground)

etc. ; to pick, peck (said of birds).

; to scarify, lance

; to produce by scratching etc., draw a line (with or scilicet lekhām-), engrave, inscribe, write, copy, trace, sketch, delineate, paint

etc. ; to make smooth, polish

; to graze, touch

; to unite sexually with a female(?)

(

) : Passive voice likhyate- (Aorist alekhi-), to be written

: Causal lekhayati- (or likhāpayati-; Aorist alīlikhat-), to cause to scratch or write or copy or paint

etc. ; to scratch, lance

; to write, paint

: Desiderative lilikhiṣati- or lilekhiṣati-

[ confer, compare Greek ; Lithuanian re14kti,"to cut."]

likhana

n. a written document

likhita

mfn. written

(= mentioned

)

likhita

n. a writing, written document, scripture

(

) .

likhitapāṭha

m. the reading of written words, learning from books

likhitatva

n. the condition of being written down

likṣā

f. (also written likkā-) a nit, young louse, the egg of a louse (as a measure of weight = 8 trasa-reṇu-s)

(m. Calcutta edition also likṣa-

)

limpa

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

liṅgabhaṭṭīya

n. Name of work (written also liṅgābh-)

lipi

f. writing, letters, alphabet, art or manner of writing

lipi

f. anything written, manuscript, inscription, letter, document

lipikā

f. lipi-, a writing, written paper etc.

lipinyāsa

m. "the act of putting down written characters", writing, transcribing

lipisaṃkhyā

f. a number of written characters

lipitva

n. the condition of being anything written

līsuṣa

m. a particular taste (bitter, sweet, sour and pungent)

lohājavaktra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

lohamekhalā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

lohitakalmāṣa

mfn. variegated with red, red-spotted

lohitākṣa

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

lohitākṣī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

loka

m. ordinary life, worldly affairs, common practice or usage

etc. (loke-either"in ordinary life","in worldly matters";or,"in common language, in popular speech", as opp. to vede-, chandasi-)

lokadharma

m. a worldly matter

lokalekha

m. an ordinary letter

lokasākṣika

mfn. having the world as a witness, attested by the world or by others

lokasiddha

mfn. universally admitted, generally received

lokya

mf(ā-)n. conducive to the attainment of a better world, heavenly

lokyata

(lokya-) f. the attainment of a better world

lomaśa

m. Name of a śākinī- or female attendant of durgā-

lopa

m. (in gram.) dropping, elision (generally as distinguished from the terms lup-, ślu-, luk-,which are only applicable to affixes;when lopa-of an affix takes place, a blank is substituted, which exerts the same influence on the base as the affix itself, but when either luk-or lup-or ślu-of an affix is enjoined, then the affix is not only dropped but it is also inoperative on the base;thus in the Ist plural of kati-,where jas-is said to be elided by luk-,the change of the final of the base to guṇa- does not take place id est both the affix and its effect on the base are abolished;moreover, lopa-refers only to the last letter of an affix, whereas by luk-etc. the dropping of the whole affix is implied)

etc.

lopya

mfn. to be omitted or elided

lulita

mfn. moved or tossed about, agitated, swinging to and fro, dangling, fluttering, heaving, waving, tremulous

etc.

lulitasragākula

mfn. (a bed) strewn with scattered garlands

lūnados

m. Name of vṛṣāṇa- (one of śiva-'s attendants)

lup

(see rup-), cl.6. P. A1. (

) lump/ati-, te- (perfect tense lulopa-, lulupe-

etc.; Aorist alupat-, alupta- grammar; preceding, lopsiya-

; loptā-, lopsyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood loptum-

; ind.p. luptvā-

etc.; -l/upya-

; -l/umpam-

; lopaṃ-

), to break, violate, hurt, injure, spoil

; to seize, fall or pounce upon (accusative)

; to rob, plunder, steal

; to cheat (said of a merchant)

; to take away, suppress, waste, cause to disappear

; to elide, erase, omit (a letter, word etc.)

; cl.4 P. lupyati- (perfect tense lulopa-; future lopitā-, lopiṣyati-,etc.) , to disturb, bewilder, perplex, confound

: Passive voice lupy/ate- (

l/upyate-; Aorist alopi-), to be broken etc.

etc. ; to be wasted or destroyed

; (in gram.) to be suppressed or lost or elided, disappear ; to be confounded or bewildered

: Causal lopayati-, te- (Aorist alūlupat-

; alulopat- grammar; Passive voice lopyate-), to cause to break or violate, cause to swerve from (ablative)

; to break, violate, infringe, neglect

etc. ; (A1.) to cause to disappear, efface

: Desiderative lulupsati- or lulopiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lolopti- (parasmE-pada lolupat-), to confound, bewilder, perplex

; lolupyate- equals garirhitaṃ- lumpati-

; to be greedy, in a-lolupyamāna- q.v ([For cognate wordsSee under rup-.])

luptopamā

f. (in rhetoric) a mutilated or imperfect simile (the conjunction expressing comparison or the common attribute being omitted), vam-.

etc. (

) .

luṭh

cl.6 P. (

) luṭhati- (perfect tense luloṭha-

; Aorist aloṭhīt-, ṭhiṣṭa- grammar; future luṭhitā-, loṭhiṣyati-

), to roll, move about or to and fro, wallow, welter, flutter, dangle

etc. ; to roll down from (ablative)

; to touch

; to agitate, move, stir

: Causal loṭhayati- (Aorist alūluṭhat-or aluloṭhat-), to set in motion, stir, agitate

; to sound, make resound

; to deal blows round about

: Desiderative : luluṭhiṣate-, to wish to roll, be on the point of rolling

: Intensive loluṭhīti-, to roll about (said of a drunken man)

mā

f. binding, fettering

madālāpin

m. "uttering sounds of love or joy", the Indian cuckoo or koil

madanalekha

m. a love-letter

madanavinoda

m. Name of medical vocabulary (written in 1375 and attributed to madana-pāla- q.v)

mādhavī

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

madhavya

mfn. fitted or authorized to drink soma-

madhu

mf(ū-or vī-)n. bitter or pungent

madhu

n. milk or anything produced from milk (as butter, ghee etc.)

madhūdaśvita

n. buttermilk with honey or sweet milk with water

madhukroḍa

m. or n. (?) a fritter with sweet stuffing

madhukūla

(m/adhu--) mf(ā-)n. whose banks consist of butter

madhukumbhā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

madhūla

m. astringent, sweet and bitter taste

madhūla

mfn. astringent, sweet and bitter

madhulikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

madhuparka

m. (n.

) a mixture of honey, an offering of honey and milk, a respectful offering to a guest or to the bridegroom on his arrival at the door of the father of the bride (sometimes consisting of equal parts of curds, honey and clarified butter)

madhura

mf(ā-)n. sounding sweetly or uttering sweet cries, melodious, mellifluous

etc. ( madhuram am- ind.)

madhura

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

madhurālāpa

mfn. uttering sweet sounds

madhurāmlatikta

mfn. sweet and subacid and bitter

madhuratraya

n. the three sweet things (sugar, honey and butter)

madhuvarṇa

m. Name of a being attending on skanda-

madhyāhāriṇīlipi

f. Name of a particular kind of written character

(Calcutta edition adhyāh-).

madhyākṣaravistaralipi

f. Name of a particular kind of written character

madhyamapada

n. the middle number (which is sometimes omitted and requires to be supplied in a compound consisting of two words)

mahābala

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (?)

mahābala

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mahābhīma

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

mahācaṇḍa

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

mahācaṇḍī

f. Name of a female attendant of durgā-

mahācūḍā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mahādeva

m. "the great deity", Name of rudra- or śiva- or one of his attendant deities

etc.

mahādevakṛtyā

f. a wrong act committed against śiva-

mahāghasa

m. "great eater", Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

mahāgrīva

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

mahāhanu

m. of a being attending on śiva-

mahāhavis

n. clarified butter

mahājambha

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

mahājānu

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

mahājaṭa

mfn. wearing a great braid or coil of matted hair (Name of śiva-)

mahājavā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

(varia lectio mano-javā-).

mahākāla

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

etc. ( mahākālatva -tva- n.

)

mahākālī

f. of one of durgā-'s attendants

mahākapāla

m. of one of the attendants of śiva-

mahākapi

m. of one of the attendants of śiva-

mahākapola

m. "great-cheeked", Name of one of the attendants of śiva-

mahākarṇī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mahākāya

m. of a being attending on śiva-

mahākāyā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mahākuṇḍa

m. Name of one of the attendants of śiva-

mahallikā

f. a female attendant in the women's apartments

mahāpadma

m. a kiṃ-nara- or attendant on kubera-

mahāpāriṣad

m. one of the principle attendants (of a god)

mahāprāṇa

m. the hard breathing or aspirate (heard in the utterance of certain letters)

mahāprāṇa

m. the aspirated letters themselves

mahārava

mf(ā-)n. loud-sounding, uttering loud cries

mahārtha

m. (hār-) a great thing, a gr matter

mahārūpā

f. Name of one of durgā-'s attendants

mahas

n. the fourth of the seven worlds (written mahar-;See above and see vyāhṛti-)

mahāsatī

f. a highly virtuous or faithful woman, any woman who is a pattern of conjugal fidelity

mahāśīrṣa

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

mahat

n. a great thing, important matter, the greater part

mahātattvā

f. Name of one of durgā-'s attendants

mahātikta

mfn. very bitter

mahātiktaka

mfn. extremely bitter

mahāvākya

n. a principal sentence, great proposition, Name of 12 sacred utterances of the upaniṣad-s (exempli gratia, 'for example' tat tvam asi-, aham brahmāsmi-etc., especially of the mystic words tattvam-and om-)

mahāvaṃśa

m. "great lineage or race", Name of a well-known work written in pāli- by a monk named mahānāma- in the 5th century

mahāvegā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mahāyaśas

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mahiṣānanā

f. "buffalo-faced", Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

māhiṣya

m. a particular mixed caste (the son of a kṣatriya- and a vaiśyā- mother whose business is attendance on cattle)

mahodaramukha

m. Name of an attendant of durgā-

mahoragadaṣṭa

mfn. bitten by a great serpent

majjala

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

(varia lectio majjāna-; see majjana-).

majjana

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

makāra

m. the letter or sound ma-

etc.

makura

m. the stick or handle of a potter's wheel

maladhātrī

f. a nurse who attends to a child's bodily necessities

malaja

n. purulent matter, pus

mālāmantra

m. a sacred text or spell written in the form of a wreath

mālāmanu

m. a sacred text or spell written in the form of a wreath

malapṛṣṭha

n. "dust-page", the outer or first page of a book (left unwritten because liable to be dirtied)

malāśaya

m. "receptacle of feculent matter", the bowels

malaśuddhi

f. clearing away of feculent matter, evacuation of the bowels

mālatikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

malina

n. buttermilk

malinātman

mfn. having a spotted nature (the moon)

mālinī

f. of durgā- and one of her female attendants (also of a girl seven years old representing durgā- at her festival)

malinīkaraṇīya

mfn. fitted to cause defilement

mallanāga

m. a letter-carrier

malmalābhavat

mf(antī-)n. flashing, glittering

(equals jvalat-

) .

mālu

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

mālyavat

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

māṃsaccheda

m. "flesh-cutter", Name of a mixed caste (f(ī-).)

māna

m. self-conceit, arrogance, pride

etc. (with Buddhists one of the 6 evil feelings

;or one of the 10 fetters to be got rid of.

)

mānada

m. a mystical Name of the letter ā-

mananavat

mfn. attended with homage

mananayukta

mfn. attended with homage

mānasika

mfn. (fr. manas-or mānasa-) committed (only) in thought (as a sin)

manaskāra

m. attention of the mind

manaspāpa

n. mental sin, a sin committed only in mind

mānasthiti

f. "right measure"or,"strong sentiment of honour"(the latter fr. 1. māna-)

manasvin

mfn. fixing the mind attentive

manda

mf(ā-)n. dull-witted, silly, stupid, foolish

etc.

mandacetas

mfn. dull-witted, silly, foolish

mandadhī

mfn. slow-witted, simple, silly

mandakarṇa

mfn. "dull-eared", slightly deaf (proverb badhirān mandakarṇaḥ śreyān-,"something is better than nothing")

mandāra

m. (in some meanings also written mandara-) the coral tree, Erythrina Indica (also regarded as one of the 5 trees of paradise or svarga-)

etc.

mandodarī

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mandrājanī

f. "uttering pleasant sounds", the tongue or voice

(

) .

maṅgalācārayukta

mfn. accompanied with a prayer for success, attended with auspicious ceremonies

maṅgalaśaṃsana

n. the act of wishing joy, uttering a congratulation

maṇikarṇikā

f. Name of a sacred pool in Benares (also written -karṇikī-

)

maṇikuṭṭikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

maṇipuṣpeśvara

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

maṇita

n. an inarticulate sound said to be uttered (by women

) during cohabitation, murmur libidinosum

mañjughoṣa

mfn. uttering a sweet sound

manmathakara

m. "causing love", Name of a being attending on skanda-

manmathalekha

m. a love-letter

manojavā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

manonavasthāna

n. absence of mind, inattention

manoratha

according to to some originally Prakrit for mano'rtha-,"heart-matter"

mantavya

mfn. to be admitted or assumed or stated

etc.

manthaja

n. "produced by churning", butter

manthana

n. the act of shaking, shaking about, agitating, churning (milk into butter)

manthanaghaṭī

f. a butter-vat

manthanī

f. a vessel for butter

manthin

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

manthinī

f. a butter-vat

mantravarṇa

m. plural the single letters of a sacred text or a magical formula

mantravat

mfn. attended with sacred text or hymns

manuṣyajanman

mfn. begotten by a man

manuṣyakṛta

(ṣy/a--.) mfn. committed against men

manuṣyayāna

n. a litter, palanquin

mārakāyika

mfn. belonging to the retinue or attendants of māra-

mārjana

m. Name of one of durgā-'s female attendants

marmapāraga

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') one who has penetrated into the interior of any matter, thoroughly conversant with

marudgaṇa

mfn. being with or attended by the troop of the Maruts

mārutāśana

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

marutvat

mfn. (mar/ut--) attended by the marut-s

marv

(see marb-) cl.1 P. marvati-, to fill

; to go, move

: Causal marvayati-, to utter a particular sound (varia lectio for mārj-)

māsa

m. a month or the 12th part of the Hindu year (there are 4 kinds of months, viz. the solar, saura-;the natural, sāvana-;the stellar, nākṣatra-,and the lunar, cāndra-;the latter, which is the most usual and consists of 30 tithi-s, being itself of two kinds as reckoned from the new or full moon see

;for the names of the monthsSee

)

etc. (māsam-,for a month; māsam ekam-,for one month; māsena-,in the course of a month; māse-,in a month = after the lapse of a month)

māsara

n. a particular beverage (a mixture of yeast, grapes, etc. with the water in which rice and millet have been boiled)

(according to to

"m. the meal of slightly parched barley mixed with sour milk or buttermilk"; according to to

"m. rice-gruel") .

mātālī

(tālī-) f. "the ma1ta1's friend", Name of a being attending on durgā-

(2nd edition māltatī-).

math

or manth- (q.v) cl.1.9. P. (

) māthati-, m/anthati-, mathn/āti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. m/athate-, m/anthate-and mathnīte-; imperative mathnadhvam-

; perfect tense mamātha-

;3. plural mamathuḥ-

; methuḥ-, methire-

; mamantha-, nthuḥ-

; Aorist mathīt-

; amanthiṣṭām-

; amathiṣata-

; future mathiṣyati-, te- manthiṣyati-

etc.; mathitā-

; infinitive mood mathitum-

etc.; tos-

; m/anthitav/ai-

; ind.p. mathitv/ā-, -m/athya-

etc.; manthitvā-,

; -manthya-and -mātham-

etc.) . to stir or whirl round

etc. ; (with agnim-), to produce fire by rapidly whirling round or rotating a dry stick (araṇi-) in another dry stick prepared to receive it

; (with araṇim-), to rotate the stick for producing fire

; (with ūrum-, hastam-etc.) , to use friction upon any part of the body with the object of producing offspring from it

; to churn (milk into butter) , produce by churning

etc. (also with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' sudhāṃ- kṣīra-nidhim mathnāti-,"he churns nectar out of the ocean of milk"

) ; to mix, mingle

; to stir up, shake, agitate, trouble disturb, afflict, distress, hurt, destroy

etc. etc.: Passive voice mathy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to be stirred up or churned etc.

etc. etc.: Causal manthayati- (

), māthayati- (

), to cause to be stirred up or churned etc.: Desiderative mimathiṣati-, mimanthiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmathyate-, māmantti- etc.

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin mentha,menta; Lit.mentu4re; German minza,Minze; Anglo-Saxon minte; English mint.]

māṭhara

m. of one of the Sun's attendants

mathita

n. buttermilk churned without water

māthitika

mfn. dealing in buttermilk (-mathita-)

Va1rtt. 2

mati

f. (in

also m/ati-) devotion, prayer, worship, hymn, sacred utterance

matikarman

n. a matter of the intellect

matkuṇikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

(Bombay edition kulikā-).

mātṛ

f. (plural) the divine mothers or personified energies of the principal deities (sometimes reckoned as 7 in number, viz. brāhmī- or brahmāṇī-, māheśvarī-, kaumārī-, vaiṣṇavī-, vārāhī-, indrāṇī- or aindrī- or māhendrī-, cāmuṇḍā-;sometimes 8, viz. brāhmi-, māheśvarī-, kaumārī-, vaiṣṇavī-, vārāhī-, raudrī-, carma-muṇḍā-, kāla-saṃkarṣiṇī-;sometimes 9, viz. brahmāṇī-, vaiṣṇavī-, raudrī-, vārāhī-, nārasiṃhikā-, kaumārī-, māhendrī-, cāmuṇḍā-, caṇḍikā-;sometimes 16, viz. gaurī-, padmā-, śacī-, medhā-, sāvitrī-, vijayā-, jayā-, deva-senā-, sva-dhā-, svāhā-, śānti-, puṣṭi-, dhṛti-, tuṣṭi-, ātma-devatā- and kula-devatā-;they are closely connected with the worship of śiva- and are described as attending on his son skanda- or kārttikeya-, to whom at first only 7 mātṛ-s were assigned, but later an innumerable number;also the 13 wives of kaśyapa- are called, lokānām mātaraḥ-)

(

)

mātṛ

f. equals -revatī- ([ confer, compare Greek, ; Latin mater; Lithuanian mote; Slavonic or Slavonian mati; German muotar,Mutter; English mother.])

mātra

n. an element, elementary matter

mātrā

f. matter, the material world

mātṛgāmin

mfn. "going to a mother", one who has committed incest with his mother

mātṛkā

f. Name of particular diagrams (written in characters to which a magical power is ascribed;also the alphabet so employed;prob. only the 14 vowels with anusvāra- and visarga- were originally so called after the 16 divine magical)

mātṛkacchida

m. "the cutter off of his mother's head", Name of paraśu-rāma-

mattakāśinī

f. "appearing intoxicated", a bewitching or wanton woman (especially used in address)

(also written -kāsinī-or -kāṣiṇī-).

medana

n. the act of fattening

medas

n. a mystical term for the letter v-

medhā

f. a symbolical Name of the letter dh-

medhyamaya

mf(ī-)n. consisting of pure, matter

medorbuda

n. a fatty tumour unattended with pain

meghakarṇā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

meghamālā

f. Name of a mātṛ- attending on skanda-

meghamālin

m. "cloud-wreathed", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

meghanāda

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

meghapravāha

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

megharavā

f. "thundering like a cloud", Name of a mātṛ- attending on skanda-

meghasvanā

f. "sounding like a thunder-cloud"Name of a mātṛ- attending on skanda-

meghavāhinī

f. "riding upon a cloud", Name of a mātṛ- attending on skanda-

(varia lectio meṣa-v-)

meṣavāhinī

f. "riding on a ram", Name of a mātṛ- attending on skanda-

(varia lectio megha-v-).

(see 3. mā-and mī-) cl.5. P. A1. (

) min/oti-, minute- (perfect tense P. mimāya-, mimy/uḥ-

, mamau-,Gr,; A1. mimye- grammar Aorist amāsīt-, sta-

; preceding mīyāt-, māsīṣṭa-

; future mātā-, māsyati-, te-

; parasmE-pada meṣyat-[?]

; ind.p. -mitya-

, -māya- grammar), to fix or fasten in the earth, set up, found, build, construct

; to mete out, measure

; to judge, observe, perceive, know

; to cast, throw, scatter

: Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi- grammar), to be fixed etc.

: Causal māpayati- (Aorist amīmapat-) grammar : Desiderative mitsati-, te-

: Intensive memīyate-, memayīte-, memeti-

mid

or mind- cl.1 A1. or cl.4 P. (

) m/edate- or m/eiyati- (of the former only 3. sg. imperative med/atām-

; perfect tense mimeda-, mimide-; Aorist amidat-, amediṣṭa-; future meditā-, mediṣyati-, te-; ind.p. miditvā-or meditvā- grammar; Passive voice, midyate- impersonal or used impersonally

), to grow fat

; cl.10 P. (

) mindayati- or medayati- (see

mitra-) ; the latter also as Causal "to make fat"

miśr

(also written misr-,properly Nom.fr. miśra-below) cl.10 P. (

) miśrayati- (or miśrāpayati-

), to mix, mingle, blend, combine ("with", instrumental case)

etc. ; to add

[ confer, compare Greek , .; Latin miscere; Slavonic or Slavonian me7siti; Lithuanian mi4sti,maisztas; German misken,mischen; Anglo-Saxon miscian; English mix.]

miśraka

m. a pigment produced from clarified butter

mita

mfn. cast, thrown, scattered

mitārtha

m. a well-weighed matter ( mitārthabhāṣin -bhāṣin- mfn.speaking deliberately)

mithyā

ind. (contracted from mithūy/ā-) invertedly, contrarily, incorrectly, wrongly, improperly

etc. etc. (with Causal , of kṛ-,to pronounce a word wrongly"once"[P.] or"repeatedly"[A1.]

;with pra-car-,to act wrongly

;with pra-vṛt-,to behave improperly

) ; falsely, deceitfully, untruly

etc. (often with brū-, vac-or vad-,to speak falsely, utter a lie;with kṛ-,to deny

;to break one's word, with na-kṛ-,to keep it)

; with bhū-, to turn out or prove false

; not in reality, only apparently

; to no purpose, fruitlessly, in vain

etc. (in the beginning of a compound often = false, untrue, sham; mithyā- is personified as the wife of a-dharma-

)

mokṣa

m. strewing, scattering

mokṣa

m. utterance (of a curse)

moraṇa

m. sour buttermilk

(see moraṭa-).

moraṭa

n. the milk of a cow seven days after calving

(also"sour buttermilk"equals moraṇa-

)

moṭa

m. or n. a bundle (= Hindi moṭh-)

(also written mūḍha-, muṭa-, mūṭa-).

mṛgāṅkamūrti

m. "having a deer-spotted form", the moon

mṛgatīrtha

n. "animal-track", Name of the path by which the priests at the end of the savana- leave the sacred place to attend to their bodily wants

mṛgayā

f. Chase personified (as one of the attendants of revanta-)

mṛṣodya

mfn. to be spoken falsely, uttered untruthfully

mṛtkara

m. a worker in clay, potter

mṛtkirā

f. "earth-scattering."an earth-worm or kind of cricket

mṛtpaca

m. "clay-moulder", a potter

mṛtprakṣepa

m. scattering earth over anything (for purification)

mṛtyuṃjayajapa

m. muttering the verse

mṛtyurūpiṇī

f. "death-formed", mystical Name of the letter ś-

muc

cl.6 P. A1. (

) muñc/ati-, te- (

also, muc/anti-, mucasva-; parasmE-pada muñcāna-

; perfect tense, mum/oca-, mumuc/e-, Vedic or Veda , also, mum/ocat-, m/umocati-, mumucas-, mumoktu-, amumuktam-; Aorist /amok-

; imperative mogdh/i-

; amauk-

; /amucat-

; amukṣi-, mukṣata-

; preceding mucīṣṭa-

; mukṣīya-

; future, moktā-,

; mokṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood moktum-

etc.; ind.p. muktv/ā-

, -m/ucya-

, m/okam-,

), to loose, let loose, free, let go, slacken, release, liberate ("from", ablative or -tas-; A1.and Passive voice with ablative or instrumental case,rarely with genitive case"to free one's self, get rid of, escape from")

etc., etc. (with kaṇṭham-,to relax the throat id est raise a cry;with raśmīn-,to slacken the reins;with prāṇān-,to deprive of life, kill) ; to spare, let live

; to set free, allow to depart, dismiss, despatch ("to" , loc. or dative case)

etc. ; to relinquish, abandon, leave, quit, give up, set aside, depose

(with kalevaram-, deham-, prāṇān-or jīvitam-,to quit the body or give up the ghost id est to die) ; to yield, grant, bestow

; to send forth, shed, emit, utter, discharge, throw, cast, hurl, shoot at ("or upon" locative case dative case,or accusative with or without prati-;with ablative and ātmānam-,to throw one's self down from)

etc. ; (A1.) to put on

(Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice mucy/ate- (or m/ucyate-, Epic also ti-and future mokṣyati-; Aorist /amoci-), to be loosed, to be set free or released

etc. ; to deliver one's self from, to get rid of, escape (especially from sin or the bonds of existence)

etc. ; to abstain from (ablative)

; to be deprived or destitute of (instrumental case)

: Causal mocayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist amūmucat-), to cause to loose or let go or give up or discharge or shed (with two accusative)

; to unloose, unyoke, unharness (horses)

; to set free, liberate, absolve from (ablative)

etc. ; to redeem (a pledge)

; to open (a road)

; to give away, spend, bestow

; to gladden, delight, yield enjoyment

: Desiderative of Causal mumocayiṣati-, to wish to deliver (from the bondage of existence)

(confer, compare, mumocayiṣu-): Desiderative mumukṣati-, te-, (P.) to wish or be about to set free

; to be about to give up or relinquish (life)

; to wish or intend to cast or hurl

; (A1.) to wish to free one's self

; to desire final liberation or beatitude

(confer, compare mokṣ-): Intensive momucyate- or monokti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mungo,mucus.])

mukhākṣepa

m. the act of throwing up soil with the ploughshare, (or) an invective (as uttered by the mouth)

mukhamaṇḍī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mukhyasadriśa

mfn. similar to the principal matter

mukta

mfn. abandoned, relinquished, quitted, given up, laid aside, deposed

etc.

mukta

mfn. sent forth, emitted, discharged, poured out, hurled, thrown

mukta

mfn. uttered (as sound)

muktā

f. (with or scilicet dis-) the quarter or cardinal point just quitted by the sun

muktaphūtkāra

mfn. uttering a scream, screaming

muktaphūtkṛti

f. uttering a shriek, shrieking, hissing

muktapuṣpa

n. plural flowers scattered

muktasūryā

f. (with diś-) the quarter just quitted by the sun

mukura

m. the stick or handle of a potter's wheel

mukuṭā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

mūlagrantha

m. "original text", Name of the very words uttered by gautama- buddha-

mūlahara

mfn. taking away the roots of (genitive case) id est utterly destroying

mūlaharatva

n. utter ruin

mūlanikṛntana

mf(ī-)n. "cutting away the roots", utterly destroying

mūlaprakṛti

f. (in philosophy) the original root or germ out of which matter or all apparent forms are evolved, the primary cause or"originant"

etc. (

)

mūloccheda

m. "cutting up the roots", utter destruction

mūlotkhāta

mfn. dug up by the roots, utterly destroyed

muṇḍana

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

muṇḍaphala

m. a cocoa-nut tree (the fruit being one step towards a human head made by viśvāmitra-, when attempting a creation in opposition to that, of brahmā-)

muṇḍī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

muñjavivayana

mf(ā-)n. matted or twisted out of Munja-grass

murajaka

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

mūrdhan

m. (in gram.) the roof or top of the palate (as one of the 8 sthāna-s or places of utterance)

mūrdhanya

mfn. "formed on the roof or top of the palate", Name of a class of letters (the so-called"cerebrals"or"linguals" , viz. ṛ-, ṝ-, ṭ-, ṭh-, ḍ-, ḍh-, ṇ-, r-, ṣ-)

mūrtimātrā

f. a particle of matter

m. band, fetter

ṅa

the 5th consonant of the Sanskrit alphabet, nasal of the 1st class. No word in use begins with this letter

nādavat

mfn. pronounced with sound (as letters), sonant

naddha

n. tie, band, fetter, knot, string, trace

naddhavimokṣa

m. deliverance from fastenings or fetters

nāḍīdeha

m. "stalk-bodied", Name of an attendant of śiva- (equals bhṛgin-)

(see vigraha-).

nāgabandha

m. a snake as a chain or fetter

nagabhid

m. "rock-splitter", (

) an axe

nāgadevīya

mfn. written by nāga-deva-

nāgara

n. a particular written character

nagarandhrakara

m. "mountain-splitter"Name of kārttikeya-

nahasra

n. bond, fetter (see un-n-)

nakāra

m. the sound or letter n- grammar

ṅakāra

m. the letter or sound ṅa-.

ñakāra

m. the letter

ṇakāra

m. the letter or sound ṇ-,

nakhakuṭṭa

m. "nail-cutter", barber

nakhāri

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

nākulī

f. the ichneumon plant (supposed to furnish the ichneumon with an antidote when bitten by a snake)

(see nakuleṣṭā-)

nala

m. of a descendant of the latter nala- (son of su-dhanvan- and father of uktha-)

nam

cl.1 P. n/amati- (

), te- (mostly intrans.; confer, compare

; pr. p. A1. namāna-

; perfect tense P. nānāma-

etc.;2. sg. nemitha-,or nanantha-

; subjunctive nan/amas-

;3. plural nemur-

; A1. neme-

;3. plural -nanamire-

; Aorist P. anān-

; anaṃsīt-

; A1. anaṃsta- grammar;3. plural anaṃsata-

; subjunctive naṃsai-, naṃsante-

; future naṃsyati-

; namiṣyati-

; nantā-

; infinitive mood -n/amam-, -n/ame-

; nantum-, namitum-

; ind.p. natvā-

; -natya-

; -namya-

) to bend or bow (either trans. or oftener intr.) to bow to, subject or submit, one's self (with genitive case dative case or accusative)

etc. ; (with hiruk-) to turn away, keep aside

; to turn towards id est to aim at (genitive case) with (instrumental case)

; to yield or give way, keep quiet or be silent

; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral

: Passive voice namyate-, to be bent or bowed ; yield or submit to

: Causal nam/ayati-

etc. (nāmayati-

etc.; nāmyati-[!]

; Aorist anīnamat-

; Passive voice nāmyate-, ti-

etc.) to cause to bow or sink, incline

etc. ; (with cāpam-) to bend a bow

etc. ; to turn away or ward off

; to aim at (genitive case),

; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral

: Desiderative ninaṃsati-,

: Intensive n/annamīti-

; nannamyate-

(3. sg. n/amnate- imperfect tense anamnata-, parasmE-pada n/amamāna-

) to bow or submit one's self to (dative case).

[ confer, compare Zend nam,nemaiti; Greek , ; Latin nemus; Gothic , Old Saxon , Anglo-Saxon niman; HGerm. ne0man,ne0men,nehmen.]

nāma

ind. after an imperative = may it be so, no matter exempli gratia, 'for example'

namas

n. bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration (by gesture or word;often with dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' rāmāya namaḥ-,salutation or glory to rāma-, often ind.[ gaRa svar-ādi-]; namas-kṛ-,to utter a salutation, do homage; ind.p. mas-k/ṛtya-[

etc.] or mas-kṛtvā-[

]; n/amas-kṛta-,worshipped, adored)

etc.

namovāka

m. uttering the" namas-", homage, obeisance

namya

mfn. changeable to a cerebral letter

nanda

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

nanda

m. of an attendant on dakṣa-

nandana

m. of an attendant of skanda-

nandi

m. of an attendant of śiva-

etc.

nandika

mfn. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

nandikeśvara

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

(equals nandi-, ndin-)

nandin

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

etc. (see nandi-, ndīśa-, ndikeśvara-)

nandināgaraka

mfn. Name of a particular written character

nandinī

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

nandīśa

m. (ndi-or ndin-or ndī-+ īśa-?) Name of an attendant of śiva-

nandisena

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

nandīśvara

m. Name of the chief of śiva-'s attendants

(see nandin-)

nandīśvara

m. of one of kubera-'s attendants

napāt

m. (the former stem only in the strong cases and earlier lang.;the latter in Class., but accusative naptāram-appears in

and

) descendant, offspring, son (in this meaning especially in

, exempli gratia, 'for example' apāṃ n-, ūrjo n-, divo n-, vimuco n-etc.)

nārāyaṇa

m. a mystical Name of the letter ā-

nariṣṭā

(

) f. joking, chattering, pastime (see narma-, man-).

nariṣṭhā

(

) f. joking, chattering, pastime (see narma-, man-).

nārīyāna

n. a woman's conveyance, a litter etc.

nāsikya

mf(ā-)n. uttered through the nose, nasal

nata

mfn. cerebralized (as the letter n- see nati-)

nati

f. the change of a dental letter to a cerebral

nātiparikara

mfn. having little attendance

natyakṣara

n. a letter subject to cerebralization (exempli gratia, 'for example' the letter n-)

naukarṇī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

navadolā

f. a litter borne by 9 men

navanīta

n. (n/ava--) fresh butter

etc.

nāvanīta

mf(ī-)n. (fr. nava-nīta-) coming from butter

nāvanīta

mf(ī-)n. mild as butter

navanītadhenu

f. a quantity of butter presented to Brahmans (see under dhenu-)

navanītaka

n. clarified butter

navanītamaya

mf(ī-)n. consisting of fresh butter

navanītapiṇḍa

a lump of fresh butter,

navanītapṛśni

mfn. having spots as yellow as butter

navanītasama

mfn. "butter-like", soft, gentle (voice)

navaratna

n. the 9 jewels (id est the 9 men of letters at the court of vikramāditya-, viz. dhanvantari-, kṣapaṇaka-, amara-siṃha-, śaṅku-, vetāla-bhaṭṭa-, ghaṭa-karpara-, kāli-dāsa-, vara-ruci-, and varāha-mihira-)

navaśāyaka

m. N. given to any of 9 inferior castes (viz. cowherd, gardener, oilman, weaver, confectioner, water-carrier, potter, blacksmith, and barber)

navasū

(

) f. a cow that has recently calved (the latter also"a woman recently delivered"

)

navasūtikā

(

) f. a cow that has recently calved (the latter also"a woman recently delivered"

)

navoddhṛta

n. fresh butter

netrakośa

m. the eyeball or the bud of a flower

(also written -koṣa-).

ind. down, back, in, into, within (except

always prefixed either to verbs or to nouns;in the latter case it has also the meaning of negation or privation[ see"down-hearted"= heartless];sometimes wrong reading for nis-)

nibaddha

mfn. bound, fettered, chained, tied or fastened to, fixed on (locative case)

nibaddha

mfn. composed, written down

etc.

nibaddha

mfn. committed, intrusted

nibandh

P. -badhnāti-, to bind on, tie, fasten to (locative case)

etc. ; to enchain, fetter (literally and figuratively)

etc. ; to contract, unite, join, close, obstruct

; to compose, draw up, write down

etc. ; to catch, win, acquire

; to hold fast, restrain, check

; to put or fix upon (foot, eye etc. id est undertake, begin, with locative case)

; to fix, place, locate

; to show, exhibit

: Passive voice -badhyate-, to be bound etc.

nibandha

m. chain, fetter, bondage

nibandhana

mf(ī-)n. binding, fastening, fettering

nibandhana

n. band, fetter (literally and figuratively), support, stay

nibandhanī

f. band, bond, fetter

nibandhin

mfn. binding, confining, fettering

nibudh

P. -bodhati- (Aorist -b/odhiṣat-

), to learn or hear anything (accusative) from any one (genitive case,rarely sakāśāt-), to attend or listen to (especially imperative nibodha-, dhata-;rarely dhasva-, dhadhvam-) ; to know, understand, consider as (often with double accusative)

etc.: Causal -bodhayati-, to cause to know or learn, to inform, tell

nicira

mfn. attentive, vigilant

nidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put or lay down, deposit, lay up, preserve (A1.for one's self) ; to intrust, commit, present to (dative case or locative case) ; put into, fix in (locative case,or locative case with ant/ar-,or antar- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

etc. ; put or lay before a person (dative case)

; (with bhūmau-[

]or avaṭe-[

]) to bury ; (with śirasi-,rarely sā-) to esteem highly

; (with dṛśam-) to fix the eyes upon (locative case)

; (with manas-) to fix or direct the thoughts upon or towards id est resolve, determine to (dative case)

; (with manasi-, sā-,or hṛdaye-) to keep in mind, bear in mind, remember, lay to heart

; (with hṛdayam-) to give one's heart to (locative case) ; (with ātmānam-) to intrust one's self to (locative case)

; (with kriyām-) to take pains with (locative case)

; (with karmaṇi-) to appoint a person to a work

; to keep down, restrain

; to end, close

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be put or laid down etc. ; to be contained or situated or absorbed in, to rest in (locative case)

etc. etc.: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to be put or laid down etc.

; to cause to be deposited or preserved

; to lay up, preserve

; to appoint

: Desiderative -dhitsate-, to intend to put down etc.

: Intensive n/idedhyat- (?) , to settle down

nidhi

m. a store, hoard, treasure

etc. etc. (in later language especially the divine treasures belonging to kubera-, nine of which are enumerated, viz. padma-, mahāpadma-, śaṅkha-, makara-, kacchapa-, mukunda-, nanda-, nīla- and kharva-, they are also personified as attendants either of kubera- or of lakṣmī-; see nidhi-datta-and -pālita-below)

nidhvaṃs

Caus. -dhvasayati-, to scatter, overthrow, destroy

nidhyai

P. -dhyāyati- (perfect tense -dadhyau-, dhyur-), to observe, perceive ; to meditate, think of, remember (accusative)

: Desiderative -didhyāsate-, to wish to meditate on, think of attentively

nidididhyāsitavya

mfn. to be thought about or attended to

nidididhyāsu

mfn. desirous of meditating on or attending to

nidita

mfn. (n/i--) bound, fettered

nidrā

f. a mystic. Name of the letter bh-

niga

mfn. bound, fettered (?)

nigaḍa

m. (gaRa ardharcādi-) and n. (fr. gaḍ- equals gal-?) an iron chain for the feet, (especially) the heel chains for an elephant or a noose for catching the feet and throwing an animal down, any fetter or shackle

etc.

nigaḍa

mfn. bound or fettered on the feet

nigaḍana

n. putting in irons or fetters

nigadaya

Nom. P. yati-, to put in fetters, bind,

nigaḍita

mfn. chained, fettered

nihan

P. -hanti- (imperative -jahi-

; parasmE-pada -ghn/a-

etc.; 3- sg. A1. -jighnate-

; parasmE-pada jighnamāna-

; perfect tense -jaghāna-

etc.;3. plural -jaghnur-, nire-

; future -haniṣyati-, te-, -haṃsyati-

; parasmE-pada -haniṣy/at-

; ind.p. -hatya-

[ see a-nihatya-]; infinitive mood -hantave-

; -hantum-

), to strike or fix in, hurl in or upon or against (locative case)

etc. ; to make an attempt upon, attack, assail (accusative locative case or genitive case)

; to strike or hew down (also -mow

), kill, overwhelm, destroy

etc. etc. (also applied to planets

) ; to hit, touch (literally and figuratively)

; to beat (a drum)

; to punish, visit, afflict

; to attach to (Passive voice -hanyate-,to be fixed upon, with locative case)

; to drop, lower, let sink (hands, wings etc.)

; to speak with the unaccented tone id est with the anudātta-

; (in arithmetic) to multiply

commentator or commentary Causal See ni-ghāta-, taya-.

nihata

mfn. struck down, smitten, slain, killed, destroyed, lost, gone

etc.

nihatasena

mfn. having (their) armies smitten or destroyed

nihita

mfn. uttered in a deep tone

(see ni-hata-).

niḥśreyasa

mf(ī-)n. "having no better", best, most excellent

etc.

nijakarmabandhana

mfn. fettered by one's own works

nikṣepita

mfn. (fr. Causal) caused to be set down in writing, committed to writing, inscribed

nikumbha

m. of an attendant of either śiva- (

) or skanda- (

)

nīla

m. of one of the monkey-chiefs attending on rāma- (said to be a son of agni-)

etc.

nimba

m. the Nimb or Neemb tree, Azadirachta Indica (its fruit is bitter and its leaves are chewed at funeral ceremonies)

(also -ka-).

ninv

cl.1. vati- (

; varia lectio sinv-), to wet or to attend (prob. a confusion between secane-and sevane-).

nirabhilapya

mfn. unutterable, inexpressible

nirah

(only perfect tense -āha-, hur-), to utter, pronounce, express

nirahaṃstambha

mfn. free from the fetters of egotism

nīraja

m. an otter

nīrākhu

m. "water-rat", an otter

nirākṛta

mfn. omitted, forgot

nirākṛtin

mfn. (for 1.See) one who has forgotten what he has learned (anirāk-)

nirakṣara

mfn. not knowing the letters

nirañjana

m. of an attendant of śiva-

niraṅkuśaya

Nom. P. yati-, to unfetter

niranubandhaka

mfn. having no indicatory letter

niranuga

mfn. having no followers, unattended

niranvaya

mfn. not committed in the presence of others

nirasana

n. scattering, dispersing

niravatta

mfn. distributed, completely divided or allotted

nirdhū

P. A1. -dhūnoti-, nirdhūnute-, to shake, agitate, shake out or off, scatter, remove, destroy, expel, reject

nirgranthaka

mfn. unattended, deserted, alone

nirī

P. A1. -riṇāti-, ṇīte-, to dissolve, scatter, tear, rend, destroy

; to unveil, discover (A1.)

; to rush forth, escape (A1.), ix, 14, 4.

nirjala

mf(ā-)n. not mixed with water (as buttermilk)

nirjarjalpa

(n/ir--) mfn. tattered

(

; varia lectio

-jalmaka-).

nirlakṣaṇa

mf(ā-)n. unspotted

nirmā

A1. -mimīte-

; -māti-

(perfect tense -mame-

; ind.p. -māya-

; infinitive mood -mātum-

) ; to mete out, measure

; to build, make out of (ablative), form, fabricate, produce, create

etc. ; (with citram-) to paint

; (with kośam-) to compose or write

; (with giram-) to utter

; (with nītim-) to show, betray

: Passive voice -mīyate- (perfect tense -mame-

; Aorist -amāyi-

), to be measured out etc.: Causal -māpayati-, to cause to be made or built

: Desiderative -mitsati-, to wish to make or build

nirmathana

n. rubbing, churning, making butter, lighting a fire by rubbing two pieces of wood together or by churning

nirṛtipāśa

m. the fetters of nir-ṛti-

nirukta

mfn. ( vac-) uttered, pronounced, expressed, explained, defined

etc.

nirupasthāyaka

mfn. unattended

nirupti

f. (2. vap-) scattering, pouring out, offering

nirupya

mfn. to be scattered or poured out

nirvad

P. A1. -vadati-, te- (Aorist -avādiṣam-, -vādiṣṭam-), to order off, warn off, expel or drive away

; to speak out, utter

; to abuse, revile

; to deny

nirvāṇa

n. extinction of the flame of life, dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter and re-union with the Supreme Spirit

etc.

nirvānta

mfn. emitted

nirvap

P. A1. -vapati-, te- (perfect tense -vavāpa-

, -uvāpa-

, -ūpe-

; future -vapsyati-

, -vapiṣyati-

), to pour out, sprinkle, scatter, to offer, present (especially sacrificial food, the funeral oblation or libation to deceased relatives) ; to choose or select for (dative case or genitive case), to distribute (exempli gratia, 'for example' grain for sacrif. purposes) ; to perform (a sacrifice or a funeral oblation etc.)

etc. ; (with kṛṣim-) to practise or exercise agriculture

: Causal -vāpayati-, to sow out

; to choose or select (for the gods)

nirvāpa

m. scattering, pouring out, offering, oblation (especially in honour of a deceased ancestor)

etc.

nirvapaṇa

n. pouring out, sprinkling, scattering

nirvapaṇa

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') scattering, pouring out, bestowing

nirvāpaṇa

n. (fr. Causal) scattering sowing, throwing in or down

offering, presenting funeral oblations, giving

nirvapaṇīya

mfn. to be scattered out or offered

nirvāpita

mfn. scattered, sown

nirvaptavya

mfn. to be scattered out or offered

nirvāpya

mfn. to be scattered or offered

nirvartya

mfn. to be uttered or pronounced

nirvimarśa

mfn. (also written ṣa-) unreflecting, inconsiderate

niśāta

mfn. sharpened, polished, whetted, sharp

niścukkaṇa

n. ( cukk-?) a sort of tooth-powder which destroys the tartar but blackens the teeth

(also written -cūkvaṇa-and -cuṅkaṭa-).

niṣektṛ

m. impregnator, begetter

niṣev

( sev-) A1. -ṣevate- (imperfect tense ny-aṣevata- perfect tense ni-ṣiṣeve-

; ind.p. -ṣevya-), to stay in, abide or have intercourse with (locative case)

; (with accusative) to frequent, inhabit, visit, serve, attend, honour, worship, follow, approach, enjoy (also sexually), incur, pursue, practise, perform, cultivate, use, employ

etc.: Causal -ṣevayati- to fall into (hell etc.)

(Bombay edition)

; Desiderative -ṣiṣeviṣate-

niṣevita

mfn. visited, frequented, occupied, held, practised, observed, approached resorted to, attended, served, honoured, obeyed

niṣkālaka

m. an ascetic shaven and smeared with ghee or clarified butter

(see next) .

niṣkas

Caus. -kāsayati- (also written -kāś-and niḥ-kās-), to drive or turn out, expel

niṣkāsita

mfn. expelled, turned out

(also written śita-

kasita-)

niṣkuṭikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

niṣparihārya

mfn. not to be omitted, by all means to be applied

niśrayaṇī

f. a ladder, staircase

(also written niḥ-śrayaṇī-,or yiṇī-).

nisṛṣṭa

mfn. kindled (as fire)

intrusted, committed, transferred, granted, bestowed

niṣṭhyūta

mfn. spit out, ejected from the mouth, emitted, sent forth

etc.

nītamiśra

mfn. not yet entirely made into butter

nitatatapas

ind. an onomatop. word to denote the speech of a stutterer

nitṛd

P. A1. -tṛṇatti-, -tṛntte-, to pierce, cleave, split

nivap

P. -vapati-, (future -vapsyati-; ind.p. ny-upya-; Passive voice ny-upyate-), to throw down, overthrow

; to fill up (a sacrificial mound)

; to throw down, scatter, sow, offer (especially to deceased progenitors)

nivapana

n. scattering or throwing down, pouring out

nivāpin

mfn. throwing, scattering etc. gaRa grahādi-.

nivṛt

A1. -vartate- (ind.p. -vṛtya-

;infin. -vartitum-

;rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -vartet-

; imperfect tense or subj. -vartat-

; perfect tense -vāvṛtur-

; future -vartiṣyati-

; -vartsyan-

; Aorist -avṛtat-

), to turn back, stop (trans. and intrans.)

etc. ; to return from (ablative) to (accusative with or without prati-,or dative case) ; to return into life, revive, be born again

etc. ; to turn away, retreat, flee, escape, abstain or desist from, get rid of (ablative)

; to fall back, rebound

; to leave off (sāmi-,in the midst or when anything is half finished

), cease, end, disappear, vanish

etc. ; to be withheld from, not belong to (ablative) ; to be omitted, not to occur

; to be ineffective or useless

; to be wanting, not to exist (yato vāco nivartante-,for which there are no words)

; to pass over to (locative case)

; to be turned upon (locative case or tatra-)

: Causal -vartayati-, te- (A1. Potential -vartayīta-

; Passive voice -vartyate-

), to turn downwards, let sink (the head)

; to turn back id est shorten (the hair)

; to lead or bring back, reconduct, return

etc. ; to turn away, avert or keep back from (ablative)

etc. ; to give up, abandon, suppress, withhold, refuse, deny ; to annul, remove, destroy

; to bring to an end id est perform, accomplish (a sacrifice etc.)

; to procure, bestow

; to desist from (ablative)

nivṛtta

mfn. omitted, left out (see compound below)

niyamapattra

n. a written agreement or stipulation

niyantrita

mfn. restrained, checked, fettered,

niyojya

mfn. to be committed or intrusted

niyukta

mfn. bound on, bound, chained, fettered

nṛkesari

(

) (

) m. "man-lion", viṣṇu- in his 4th avatāra- (written also -keś-).

nṛkesarin

(

) m. "man-lion", viṣṇu- in his 4th avatāra- (written also -keś-).

nṛpānucara

m. a king's attendant, a minister

nṛpātmaja

m. a bitter gourd

nṛtyapriyā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

nyāsa

m. written or literal text (see yathā-nyāsam-)

nyasta

mfn. thrown or cast or laid down, put, placed, fixed, inserted, applied, deposited, committed

nyāyopeta

mfn. rightly admitted

nyūnākṣara

mf(ā-)n. defective in letters or syllables

nyupta

mfn. thrown down, cast (dice), scattered, sown, offered

nyuṣ

P. -oṣati- (imperative -oṣatāt-), to burn down, consume or destroy utterly

okāra

m. the letter or sound o-

ind. ( av-

;originally oṃ- equals āṃ-,which may be derived from ā-

), a word of solemn affirmation and respectful assent, sometimes translated by "yes, verily, so be it"(and in this sense compared with Amen;it is placed at the commencement of most Hindu works, and as a sacred exclamation may be uttered [but not so as to be heard by ears profane] at the beginning and end of a reading of the veda-s or previously to any prayer;it is also regarded as a particle of auspicious salutation [Hail!]; om-appears first in the upaniṣad-s as a mystic monosyllable, and is there set forth as the object of profound religious meditation, the highest spiritual efficacy being attributed not only to the whole word but also to the three sounds a-, u-, m-,of which it consists;in later times om-is the mystic name for the Hindu triad, and represents the union of the three gods, viz. a (viṣṇu-), u-(śiva-), m-(brahmā-);it may also be typical of the three veda-s; om-is usually called praṇava-,more rarely akṣara-,or ekākṣara-,and only in later times oṃkāra-)

etc.

oṃkṛta

mfn. having an uttered om-

opya

(ā-upya-) ind.p. of ā-vap- (q.v), having scattered or thrown into, pouring down

pā

cl.2 P. (

) p/āti- (imperative pāh/i-; pr. p. P. p/āt- A1. pān/a-

; perfect tense papau- grammar; Aorist apāsīt-

subjunctive pāsati-

; future pāsyati-, pātā- grammar; preceding pāyāt-

; infinitive mood pātum-

), to watch, keep, preserve ; to protect from, defend against (ablative)

etc. ; to protect (a country) id est rule, govern

; to observe, notice, attend to, follow

: Causal pālayati- See pāl-: Desiderative pīpāsati- grammar : Intensive pāpāyate-, pāpeti-, pāpāti-

[ confer, compare Zend pa1,paiti; Greek , , etc.; Latin pa-sco,pa-bulum; Lithuanian pe0-mu4]

pada

n. a footstep, trace, vestige, mark, the foot itself,

etc. (padena-,on foot; pade pade-,at every step, everywhere, on every occasion; trīṇi padāni viṣṇoḥ-,the three steps or footprints of viṣṇu- [i.e. the earth, the air, and the sky; see

],also Name of a constellation or according to some"the space between the eyebrows"; sg. viṣṇoḥ padam-Name of a locality; padaṃ-dā-, padāt padaṃ-gam-or cal-,to make a step, move on; padaṃ-kṛ-,with locative case to set foot in or on, to enter;with mūrdhni-,to set the foot upon the head of [ genitive case ] id est overcome;with citte-or hṛdaye-,to take possession of any one's heart or mind;with locative case or prati-,to have dealings with padaṃ ni-dhā-with locative case,to set foot in = to make impression upon;with padavyām-,to set the foot on a person's [ genitive case or in the beginning of a compound ]track, to emulate or equal; padam ni-bandh-with locative case,to enter or engage in)

pada

n. a business affair, matter, object or cause of (genitive case or compound)

etc.

pādabandha

m. a tie or fetter for the feet

pādaghṛta

n. melted butter for anointing the foot

pādakula

n. (probably) a family of attendants,

padānuga

mfn. following at one's (genitive case) heels, an attendant or companion

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

padaśāstra

n. the science of separately written words,

Scholiast or Commentator

paḍbīśa

n. (

) a fetter, (especially) a fetter for the foot of a horse

paḍbīśa

m. a place for fettering, halting-place

[ Latin vincio,vinculum?]

padma

m. of one of the attendants of skanda-

padmāvatī

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

padmin

mfn. spotted (as an elephant)

padoccaya

m. (in dramatic language) accumulation of words which belong to the subject matter (exempli gratia, 'for example'

)

paḍviṃśa

n. (p/aḍ--) a fetter, (especially) a fetter for the foot of a horse

paḍviṃśa

m. a place for fettering, halting-place

[ Latin vincio,vinculum?]

paḍvīśa

n. (

) a fetter, (especially) a fetter for the foot of a horse

paḍvīśa

m. a place for fettering, halting-place

[ Latin vincio,vinculum?]

pājas

n. brightness, glitter, sheen (plural shining colours)

pākakuṭī

f. a potter's kiln, pottery

pakāra

m. the letter or sound pa-.

pākasthāna

n. "cooking-place", a kitchen or a potter's kiln

pakṣa

m. a point or matter under discussion, a thesis, a particular theory, a position advanced or an argument to be maintained (see pūrva--, uttara--)

pakṣacchid

m. "cutter of the wings"(of mountains), Name of indra-

pakṣālikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

pakṣin

m. the bird garuḍa- as one of the 18 attendants of the Sun

pālikā

f. a cheese or butter knife

pālitā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

pallaka

See dattairaṇḍa-p- under datta-.

pallavikā

f. Name of a female attendant

pañcabāhu

m. "5-armed", Name of one of the attendants of śiva-

pañcaḍākinī

f. Name of a female attendant on devī-

pañcagavya

n. the 5 products of the cow (viz. milk, coagulated or sour milk, butter, and the liquid and solid excreta)

pañcahotṛ

mfn. (p/a-) attended by 5 priests (?)

pañcaka

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

pāñcālaka

m. a doll, puppet (also written calikā-)

pañcamakāra

n. the 5 essentials of the left-hand tantra- ritual (the words for which begin with the letter m-,viz. madya-,wine; māṃsa-,meat; matsya-,fish; mudrā-,intertwining of the fingers;and maithuna-,sexual union)

(see -tattva-and

) .

pañcāmṛta

n. sg. and plural the 5 kinds of divine food (viz. milk, coagulated or sour milk, butter, honey, and sugar)

pañcamūla

m. Name of an attendant of durgā-

pañcanada

n. Name of several tīrtha-s (especially of one near the junction of the kiraṇā- and, dhūta-pāpā- with the Ganges after the union of the latter river with the yamunā- and sarasvatī-)

pañcaparvan

mfn. 5-knotted (as an arrow)

pañcaśikha

m. of an attendant of śiva-

pañcatikta

n. 5 bitter things (viz. nimba-, amṛtā-, vṛṣa-, paṭola-,and ṇidigdhikā-)

pañcavaktra

m. of one of the attendants of skanda-

pāṇḍu

m. of an attendant of śiva-

pāṇḍura

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

pāṇika

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

(varia lectio kālika-)

pāṇikūrcan

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

pāṇikūrcas

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

pāṇinīya

mfn. relating to pāṇini-, written or composed by pāṇini- etc.

paṇita

mfn. betted, staked

paṇita

mfn. one who has betted or wagered

pāṇītaka

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

pānīyanakula

m. "water-ichneumon", an otter

pānīyavārika

m. the attendant of a convent who has the care of drinking-water

paṅkadigdhāṅga

m. "having mud-smeared limbs", Name of a being attending on skanda-

paṅkaśūraṇa

m. "mud-root", the fibrous eatable root of a lotus (also written -ṣūraṇa-,or -sūr-).

pāpāpurī

f. Name of a town near rāja-gṛha-

(also written pāvāpurī-; see pāpapurī-under pāpa-).

pāpavasīyas

mfn. "bad-better", inverted, confused

para

mf(ā-)n. better or worse than, superior or inferior to, best or worst, highest, supreme, chief (in the Comparative degree meanings [where also -tara-],with ablative,rarely genitive case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';exceptionally paraṃ śatam-,more than a hundred literally"an excessive hundred, a hundred with a surplus"

; parāḥ koṭayaḥ-

)

etc.

para

m. a following letter or sound (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' mfn. exempli gratia, 'for example' ta-para-,having t-as the following letter, followed by t-)

parā

f. any chief matter or paramount object (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' [f(ā-).]having as the chief object, given up to, occupied with, engrossed in, intent upon, resting on, consisting of, serving for, synonymous with etc.

etc.)

parāka

m. of a sort of religious penance (said to consist in fasting for 12 days and nights and keeping the mind attentive and organs subdued)

parakrama

m. doubling the other (id est second) letter of a conjunction of consonants

parakula

m. an otter,

parama

mf(ā-)n. (with ablative) superior or inferior to, better or worse than

parama

n. chief part or matter or object (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).= consisting chiefly of, completely occupied with or devoted to or intent upon)

etc.

paramāṇu

m. the passing of a sun-beam past an atom of matter

paramarasa

m. "most excellent beverage", buttermilk mixed with water

parāpara

mfn. remote and proximate, prior and posterior (as cause and effect), earlier and later, higher and lower, better and worse

etc.

pāraśava

mf(ī-)n. (fr. paraśu-;but also written pārasava-) made of iron (only in sarvap-)

parasavarṇa

mfn. homogeneous with a following letter

paraśu

m. a hatchet, axe, the axe of a woodcutter

paraśuhastā

f. "axe in hand", Name of a female attendant on devī-

paraśvadha

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a hatchet, axe

(also written parasv-).

paravyākṣepin

mfn. scattering foes

parāyaṇa

n. (for 2.See) final end or aim, last resort or refuge, principal object, chief matter, essence, summary (ṇaṃ-kṛ-,to do one's utmost)

etc.

paribhaṅga

m. breaking to pieces, shattering

paribhū

P. A1. -bhavati-, te- (perfect tense -babhūva-, bhūtha-, bhūvuḥ-

; Aorist -abhūvan-, -bhuvat-; subjunctive -bhūtas-, -bhūthas-

; imperative -bhūtu-

;Ved. infinitive mood -bhv/e-

; ind.p. -bhūya-

etc.: Passive voice -bhūyate-

; future -bhaviṣyate-

), to be round anything, surround, enclose, contain

; to go or fly round, accompany, attend to, take care of, guide, govern

; to be superior, excel, surpass, subdue, conquer

etc. ; to pass round or over, not heed, slight, despise, insult

etc. ; to disgrace

; to disappear, be lost (equals parā-bhū-)

: Causal -bhāvayati-, te- (ind.p. -bhāvya-), to spread around, divulge, make known

; to surpass, exceed

; to soak, saturate, sprinkle

; to contain, include

; to conceive, think, consider, know, recognise as (accusative)

paribhūṣ

P. -bh/ūṣati-, to run round, circumambulate

; to wait upon, serve, attend, honour, obey, follow

; to fit out, decorate

; to be superior, surpass in (instrumental case)

paribṛṃh

(2. bṛṃh-,also written vṛṃh-in verb. forms and deriv.) P. A1. -bṛṃhati- (or -bṛhati-), te- (parasmE-pada perfect tense A1. -babṛhāṇa-,prob. solid, strong

), to embrace, encircle, fasten, make big or strong

: Causal -bṛṃhayati-, to make strong, strengthen

paribrū

P. -bravīti- (Potential -brūyāt-), to utter a spell or charm, lay under a spell, enchant

paricar

P. -carati- (perfect tense -cacāra- ind.p. -carya-), to move or walk about, go round (accusative), circumambulate

etc. ; to attend upon or to (accusative,rarely genitive case), serve, honour

: Causal P. -cārayati- (ind.p. -cārya-), to surround

; to wait on, attend to

; to cohabit

; (A1. te-), to be served or waited upon

paricara

m. an attendant, servant, follower

paricāra

m. attendance, service, homage

paricāraka

m. an assistant or attendant

etc.

paricaraṇa

n. serving, attending to, waiting upon

paricāraṇa

n. (mc. for caraṇa-) attendance

paricaraṇīya

mfn. to be served or attended to

paricaraṇīya

mfn. belonging to attendance

paricāraya

Nom. P. yati-, to take a walk, roam about

; to cohabit

; to attend to, wait on

paricārikā

f. a female attendant, a waiting maid

paricārin

mfn. attending on or to, serving, worshipping

etc.

paricaritavya

mfn. to be attended on or served or worshipped

paricaritṛ

m. an attendant or servant

paricaryā

f. attendance, service, devotion, worship

etc.

paricaryāvat

mfn. one who attends upon or worships

paricchada

m. goods and chattels, personal property, furniture

etc.

paricchada

m. retinue, train, attendants, necessaries for travelling

etc.

paricīrṇa

mfn. attended to, taken care of

paridā

P. A1. -dadāti-, -datte-, (proper 1. plural -dadmasi-

; imperative -dehi-; perfect tense -dadau-, -dade-; ind.p. -dāya-; infinitive mood -dātum-), to give, grant, bestow, surrender, intrust to or deposit with (dative case locative case or genitive case)

etc. etc.: Causal -dāpayati- (ind.p. -dāpya-). to cause to be delivered or given up

paridaṣṭa

mfn. bitten to pieces, bitten

paridhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, (perfect tense -dadhur-, -dadhire-; future -dhāsyati-; Aorist -dhāt-, -dhīmahi-; ind.p. -dh/āya-;Ved. infinitive mood p/ari-dhātav/ai-), to lay or put or place or set round

etc. ; to cast round, turn upon (dṛṣṭim-,with locative case

) ; to put on, wear (with or sc. vāsas-), dress

etc. ; surround, envelop, enclose

etc. ; to conclude or close (the recitation of a hymn)

: Causal -dhāpayati- (ind.p. yitvā-

), to cause a person to wrap round or put on (2 accusative)

etc. ; to clothe with (instrumental case)

: Desiderative -dhitsate-, to wish to put on

parigata

mfn. forgotten

parigha

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

parighūrṇ

P. -ghūrṇati-, to whirl about, flutter, tremble

parigraha

m. household, family, attendants, retinue, the seraglio of a prince

parigrahītavya

mfn. to be admitted or supposed,

parigṛhīta

mfn. seized, grasped, taken, received, obtained, accepted, adopted, admitted, followed, obeyed

etc.

parihā

P. -jahāti-, (ind.p. -hāya-; infinitive mood -hātum-), to leave, abandon, quit

; to omit, neglect, disregard

: Passive voice -hīyate- (with future -hāsyati-

), to be avoided or omitted, be destitute or deprived of, desist or be excluded from (ablative), be wanting or deficient, be inferior to (ablative or instrumental case), wane, fail, decrease, pass away

etc.: Causal -hāpayati-, to cause to relinquish or abandon

; to interrupt, leave unfinished

parihāpaṇīya

mfn. (fr. Causal) to be omitted

parihārya

mfn. to be shunned or avoided or omitted or escaped from

etc.

parihāsavijalpita

mfn. uttered in jest

parihīṇa

mfn. (also written hīna-) omitted, lost, disappeared, wanting

parihṛta

mfn. abandoned, quitted

parijalp

P. -jalpati-, to chatter, talk about, speak of (accusative)

parijana

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a surrounding company of people, entourage, attendants, servants, followers, suite, train, retinue (especially of females)

etc.

parijapita

mfn. ( jap-) muttered, whispered, prayed over in a low voice

parijāta

mfn. (p/ari--) begotten by, descended from (ablative)

parikara

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) attendants, followers, entourage, retinue, train (sg. and plural)

etc.

parikarman

n. attendance, worship, adoration

parikiraṇa

n. scattering or strewing about

parikīrṇa

mfn. spread, diffused, scattered around, surrounded, crowded

parikḷpta

mfn. distributed, scattered, found here and there

parikṝ

P. -kirati-, (ind.p. -kīrya-), to scatter or strew about

; to throw upon, impose, deliver over to (locative case),

parikriyā

f. attending to, care of (compound; see agni-parikriyā-)

parīkṣaṇīya

mfn. to be submitted to ordeal

parikṣepin

mfn. who or what scatters or distributes

(see

) .

parikṣipta

mfn. thrown, thrown about, scattered, surrounded, overspread

etc.

pārikuṭa

m. an attendant, servant

(

)

parilup

P. -lumpati-, to take away, remove, destroy

: Passive voice -lupyate-, to be taken away or omitted

parimeyapuraḥsara

mfn. having only few attendants

parimlāyin

mfn. stained, spotted

parimuktabandhana

mfn. released from bonds, unfettered

pariṇad

( nad-) P. -ṇadati- to utter loud cries

(-nadya-

prob. wrong reading)

pariṇataśarvad

f. the latter part of the autumn

pāripārśva

n. (Prob.), retinue, attendants, bystanders (in a play)

pāripārśvaka

mf(ikā-)n. standing at the side attending on

pāripārśvaka

m. (with or sc. nara-) a servant, attendant

pāriṣada

m. a member of an assembly, assessor at a council, auditor, spectator

etc. (

[B.] also -ṣad-) plural the retinue or attendants of a god

pariṣanna

(!) mfn. lost or omitted

parisāntv

(also written śāntv-), Caus. -sāntvayati-, te- (ind.p. -sāntvya-), to console, comfort, conciliate

parisāntvana

n. plural friendly words, flattering speech

pariṣic

( sic-) P. -ṣiñcati- (imperfect tense pary-aṣiñcat-

; ind.p. -siñcitvā-[!],

; Passive voice pr. p. -ṣicyamāna-

), to pour out or in (especially from one vessel into another), to pour or scatter about, sprinkle, diffuse

: Causal -ṣecayati-, or -ṣiñcayati- to sprinkle

; to soak, macerate

: Desiderative -ṣiṣikṣati-

pariṣkaṇṇa

mfn. (

) spilled, scattered

pariskanna

mfn. (

),spilled, scattered

parisphur

P. -sphurati-, to throb, quiver, vibrate

; to glitter, gleam

; to burst forth, appear

pariśruta

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

parīṣṭi

f. service, attendance, homage

pariśuddha

mfn. acquitted, discharged

paritikta

mfn. extremely bitter, jātakam-.

parituṣ

P. -tuṣyati- (te-

), to be quite satisfied with (genitive case or locative case or instrumental case), to be much pleased or very glad

etc.: Causal -toṣayati-, to satisfy completely, to appease, delight, flatter

parityājya

mfn. to be omitted

parityakta

mfn. left, quitted etc.

pariupti

f. scattering seed, sowing

parivap

P. -vapati-, to scatter, strew

parivāpa

m. scattering, sowing

(see parī-v-).

parivas

(only pr. p. A1. -v/asāna-), to put on, assume

; to surround, attend

parivāsita

mfn. respectfully attentive to superiors (?)

parive

P. A1. -vayati-, te-, to interweave

; to fetter, bind

pariveśana

n. circumference, the rim of a wheel

(also written veṣaṇa-).

pariveṣaṇa

n. (see veśana-under pari-viś-) attendance, waiting, serving up meals, distributing food

parivighaṭṭana

n. ( ghaṭṭ-) scattering, destroying

parivinna

m. (also written viṇṇa-) equals vitti-

pariviṣ

P. -veṣati-

(mostly Intensive -veveṣṭi- subjunctive -veviṣati- Potential -veviṣyāt-

; -veviṣāṇi-, -aveviṣat-

; A1. future parasmE-pada -vekṣyamāṇa-

; ind.p. -v/iṣya-

;Ved. infinitive mood -v/iṣe-

), to serve, wait on, offer or dress food: Passive voice -viṣyate-, to be served etc.

; to have a halo (said of sun or moon)

: Causal -veṣayati- (ind.p. -veṣya-,also written -veś-), to offer food, wait on (accusative)

; to dress food

pariviṣṭi

(p/ari--) f. service, attendance

parjanyakrandya

(j/an-) mfn. muttering like parjanya- or a rain-cloud

paroṣṇī

f. a cockroach (also written ṣṭī-)

parovarīyas

mfn. better than good, most excellent of all

( parovarīyastva -tva- n.

)

pārṣad

f. plural the attendance or retinue of a god.

pārṣada

m. (fr. parṣad-) an associate, companion, attendant (especially of a god),

(plural attendance, retinue

)

pārṣadatā

f. the office of an attendant (especially of the attendant of a god)

pārṣata

mf(ī-)n. (fr. priṣata-) belonging to the spotted antelope, made of its skin etc.

pārśvacara

m. an attendant

pārśvacara

m. plural attendants, retinue

pārśvada

m. "turning the side towards another", an attendant

pārśvada

m. plural attendants, retinue

(varia lectio pārṣada-).

pārśvaga

mfn. going at a person's side, accompanying, being in close proximity to (genitive case or compound), an attendant

pārśvaga

m. plural attendants, retinue,

pārśvagata

mfn. being at the side, attending, accompanying, being close to or beside

pārśvānucara

m. "attending at the side", an attendant, body. servant

pārśvavaktra

m. "whose face is in his side", Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

pārśvavartin

mfn. standing by the side, an attendant

pārśvavartin

m. pl. attendants, retinue

paruṣa

mf(ā-)n. spotted, variegated, dirty-coloured

etc.

pāruṣeya

mf(ī-)n. spotted, freckled

paruṣīkṛta

mfn. spotted, soiled, stained

paryādā

A1. -datte- (Potential -dadīta- ind.p. -dāya-), to make one's own, take away from (ablative)

; to take off (any liquid)

; to seize, snatch

; to appropriate, learn

paryāloc

Caus. -locayati- (ind.p. -locya-), to look after, attend to, consider, ponder

paryaṅka

m. (also paly-

) a bed, couch, sofa, litter, palanquin

etc. (also paryaṅkikā kikā- f.

; paryaṅkīkṛta kī-kṛta- mfn.turned into a couch

)

paryavakṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter round or about, shed over

paryudita

mfn. spoken, uttered

paryupās

( -upa-ās-) A1. -upāste- (3. plural -upāsate- Potential 3. sg. -upāsīta-; imperfect tense 3. sg. -upāsat-), to sit round, surround, encompass

etc. ; to be present at, share in, partake of (accusative)

; to approach respectfully, attend upon, worship

etc.: Passive voice -upāsyate-, to be attended by (instrumental case)

paryupasthā

P. -tiṣṭhati-, to be or stand round (accusative) ; to attend, serve, honour with (instrumental case)

; (A1.) to join

pāśa

m. (once n. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).;fr.3. paś-) a snare, trap, noose, tie, bond, cord, chain, fetter (literally and figuratively)

etc.

pāśa

m. (with jaina-s) anything that binds or fetters the soul id est the outer world, nature

(see also

)

pāśabandhana

n. a snare, fetter

pāṣāṇadāraka

m. a stone-cutter's chisel

pāṣāṇadāraṇa

m. a stone-cutter's chisel

pāśarajju

f. a fetter, rope

paścāttāpa

m. (in dramatic language) repentance at something rejected or omitted from want of judgement

paścāttāpahata

mfn. smitten by repentance, regretful (

)

paścāttāpasamanvita

mfn. smitten by repentance, regretful (

)

paścima

mf(ā-)n. being behind, hinder, later, last, final (f(ā-).,with kriyā-,the last rite id est burying the dead;with sāṃdhyā-,the latter id est the evening twilight;with velā-,evening time, close of day;with avasthā-,last state id est verging on death)

etc.

paścimārdha

m. or n. hind-part or latter half.

pāśī

f. a rope, fetter

(see also 2. pāśī-).

pāśita

mfn. tied, fettered, bound, snared

paspaśa

m. ( spaś-) an introduction, preface, any introductory matter explanatory of the plan of a book

paśudā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

paśumāraka

mfn. attended with the sacrifice of animals

paśupāśa

m. the chains which fetter the individual soul, the world of sense

paśusambhava

mfn. produced by animals (as flesh, honey, butter etc.)

paśvayana

n. a festival attended with animal sacrifices

pāṭaka

m. a splitter, divider

pātāla

m. Name of the attendant of the 14th arhat- of present ava-sarpiṇī-.

pataṃga

mfn. any flying insect, a grasshopper, a bee, a butterfly or moth

(t/aṃga-)

etc. ( pataṃgatā -tā- f.

)

pataṃgama

m. a butterfly or moth

patitasāvitrīka

m. "one who is deprived of the sāvitrī-", a man of the first 3 classes whose investiture (upa-nayana- q.v) has been unduly performed or omitted

(see sāvitrī-patita-).

pātradhāraṇa

n. keeping a superfluous alms-bowl longer than is permitted,

paṭṭiśa

m. a spear with a sharp edge or some other weapon with three points

(written also paṭṭisa-, paṭisa-and paṭṭīsa-).

paṭṭolikā

f. (for ṭṭāval-?) a title deed, a written legal opinion

pattra

n. a leaf for writing on, written leaf, leaf of a book, paper

pattra

n. a letter, document

(pattram āropya-,"having committed to paper"

)

pattracchedaka

m. a leaf-cutter (a particular trade)

pattrāṅga

n. (wrongly written raṅga-) red sanders

pattrārūḍha

mfn. committed to paper, written down

pattravāha

m. a letter-carrier, postman

pattrikā

f. (of traka-), a leaf (for writing upon), a letter, document etc.

pavana

n. a potter's kiln,

pavitra

n. melted butter

payasya

mfn. made of milk (as butter, cheese etc.).

payodā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

petva

n. ghee or clarified butter

peyūṣa

m. fresh butter

phakāra

m. the letter or sound pha-.

phakkikā

f. a collection of 32 letters, a grantha-

phalaṣāḍava

m. the pomegranate tree

(written śāḍ-).

phāṇṭa

n. the first particles of butter that are produced by churning

phar

(equals sphar-), only Intensive subjunctive pharpharat-, to scatter

(

"to fill") .

phāriva

phariva mfn. (prob.) scattering, distributing, liberal

phariva

phāriva mfn. (prob.) scattering, distributing, liberal

pharvara

m. (prob.) a scatterer, sower

(

"filling") .

phena

m. once n. (often written pheṇa-and prob. connected with phaṇ-;butSee

) foam, froth, scum

etc.

pī

or pi- (connected with pyai-), cl.1 A1. p/ayate- (cl.2 A1. pr.p. p/iyāna- cl.3 P. Impv. pīpihī-; imperfect tense /apīpet-, /apīpayat-; subjunctive pipyatam-, tām-; pīpayat- A1. yanta-, parasmE-pada A1. p/āpyāna-; perfect tense P. pīp/āya-.2. sg. pīpetha-,3. plural pipyur-; parasmE-pada A1. pīpyān/a-), to swell, overflow, be exuberant, abound, increase, grow ; (trans.) to fatten, cause to swell or be exuberant, surfeit

piṇḍa

n. fresh butter

piṇḍanirhāraka

m. a class of attendants in a monastery

piṇḍaphalā

f. a kind of bitter gourd

piṇḍitārtha

m. the condensed id est abridged meaning, the chief point or matter

piṅga

m. Name of one of the sun's attendants

piṅgākṣa

m. of one of skanda-'s attendant mātṛ-s

piṅgala

m. of an attendant of śiva-

piṅgala

m. of an attendant of the Sun

piṅgeśvara

m. "id.", Name of a being attendant on pārvatī-

piśaṅgaka

m. Name of an attendant of viṣṇu-

piṣṭapūra

m. a sort of cake (made of flour and butter)

(see ghṛta-p-).

pīta

mf(ā-)n. (possibly fr.2. pi-or pyai-,the colour of butter and oil being yellowish) yellow (the colour of the vaiśya-s, white being that of the Brahmans, red that of the kṣatriya-s, and black that of the śūdra-s)

etc.

pīta

m. a mystical Name of the letter ṣ-

pītha

n. melted butter

pitṛkilbiṣa

n. an offence committed against the pitṛ-s

pitṛkṛta

mfn. committed against the pitṛ-s

pīvarīkṛta

mfn. fattened

plava

m. the prolated utterance of a vowel (equals pluti-)

prabaddha

mfn. bound, tied, fettered

etc.

prabala

m. of an attendant of viṣṇu-

prabandh

P. -badhnāti-, to bind on, fasten, fetter, check, hinder

; etc.

prabandhana

n. binding, fettering

prabandhārtha

m. the subject-matter of a composition or treatise,

prabhās

A1. -bhāsate- (Epic also P. ti-), to shine, glitter, be brilliant

; to appear like (iva-)

: Causal -bhāsayati-, to irradiate, illuminate, enlighten

prabhāsa

m. of a being attendant on skanda-

prabhāṣita

mfn. spoken, uttered, declared

etc.

prabhāvatī

f. the lute of one of the gaṇa-s or demigods attendant on śiva-

prabhāvatī

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

prabudh

mfn. watchful, attentive

pracāraṇa

n. (prob.) scattering, strewing

pracaraṇī

f. (sc. sruc-) a wooden ladle employed for want of a better at a sacrifice

pracāyikā

f. gathering, plucking, collecting (with the hand or in turn, cf: puṣpa--;the latter also "a female who gathers", A.)

pracchid

( chid-) P. A1. -cchinatti-, -cchintte- to cut off or through, pierce, split, cleave

etc. ; to rend or take away, withdraw

: Causal -cchedayati-, to cause to cut off etc.

: Causal of Intensive -cecchidayya-

pracetas

(pr/a--) mfn. attentive, observant, mindful, clever, wise (said of the gods, especially of agni- and the āditya-s)

pracit

P. A1. -ciketti-, -cikitte-, to know or make known

; to become visible or manifest, appear

: Causal -cetayati-, to make known, cause to appear

; (A1.) to appear

: Desiderative -cikitsati-, to show, point out

pradā

P. -dadāti-, rarely A1. -datte-, (Ved. infinitive mood pr/a-dātos-

;irreg. Potential P. -dadet-

), to give away, give, offer, present, grant, bestow

etc. etc. (with or scilicet bhāryām-,to give in marriage;with prativacas-,to grant an answer;with pravṛttim-,to information about an event;with yuddham-,to grant battle;with dvaṃdva-yuddham-,to engage in single combat;with vidyām-,to communicate or impart knowledge;with hutāśanam-,to set fire to) ; to give up, abolish

; to sell (with instrumental case of price)

; to restore (anything lost etc.)

; to pay, discharge (a debt)

; to put or place in (locative case)

: Passive voice -dīyate-, to be given away, be given

etc.: Causal -dāpayati-, to cause to give

etc. ; to compel to give back or to repay

; to cause to put in or to

; to put or place in (locative case)

; (with vastim-), to apply a clyster

: Desiderative -ditsate-, to wish to give in marriage

prada

mf(ā-)n. giving, yielding, offering, granting, bestowing, causing, effecting, uttering, speaking (see anna--, jaya--, bahu--, sukha--, -śāpa-etc.)

pradāna

n. uttering (a curse)

pradhā

A1. -dhatte-, to place or set before, offer

; to send out (spies)

; to give up, deliver

; to devote one's self to (accusative)

pradhāna

n. primary or unevolved matter or nature

pradhāna

n. the first companion or attendant of a king, a courtier, a noble (also m.)

pradhāna

mf(ā-)n. better than or superior to (ablative)

etc.

pradhānapuruṣātīta

m. transcending pradhāna- and puruṣa- (matter and spirit)

pradhānatara

mfn. more excellent, better

prādhānika

mfn. (in sāṃkhya-) derived from or relating to pradhāna- or primary matter

prādhānyāt

ind. in regard to the highest object or chief matter, chiefly, mainly, summarily

etc. ( prādhānyātstuti -stuti- mfn.chiefly praised)

prādhānyatas

ind. in regard to the highest object or chief matter, chiefly, mainly, summarily

etc. ( prādhānyatasstuti -stuti- mfn.chiefly praised)

prādhānyena

ind. in regard to the highest object or chief matter, chiefly, mainly, summarily

etc. ( prādhānyenastuti -stuti- mfn.chiefly praised)

pradhvaṃs

A1. -dhvaṃsate-, to flow off (as water)

; to fall to pieces, perish

: Causal -dhvaṃsayati-, to scatter, sprinkle

; to cause to fall, destroy, cause to perish

pradhvaṃsa

m. utter destruction, annihilation, perishing, disappearance

pradṝ

(of P.only Vedic or Veda imperative -d/arṣi-), to break or tear to pieces

: Passive voice -dīryate-, to cleave asunder, split open (intr.)

; to be dispersed or scattered (as an army)

: Causal -dārayati-, to split, cleave, tear asunder

pragalbhakulāla

m. a skilful potter

praghasā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

prāgukti

f. previous utterance

prāh

( pra-ah-), only perfect tense prāha-, to announce, declare, utter, express, say, tell (with dative case or accusative of Persian and accusative of thing)

etc. ; to record, hand down by tradition

; (with 2 accusative) to call, name, regard or consider as

prahāsa

m. of an attendant of śiva-

prahlādīya

m. plural the attendants of the asura- prahlāda-

(see pra-hrādi-).

prahṛta

mfn. struck, beaten, hurt, wounded, hit, smitten

etc.

praiṣaṇika

mfn. fitted for the execution of commands gaRa chedādi-.

prajāgara

m. waking, watching, attention, care (also plural)

etc.

prajahita

mfn. (irreg. fr. the present tense stem) quitted, abandoned

(applied to a fire that has been abandoned

)

prajan

A1. -jāyate- (Epic also P. ti-), to be born or produced, spring up from (ablative) be begotten (by [ instrumental case or ablative ];from[ ablative ];or with [ locative case ];in [ locative case or adhi-])

etc. ; to become an embryo

; to be born again

; to propagate offspring with or by (instrumental case)

; to bring forth, generate, bear, procreate (accusative) ; beget on (locative case or instrumental case)

; to cause to be reproduced

: Causal -janayati-, to cause any one (accusative) to propagate offspring (instrumental case)

; to beget, procreate

(Aorist prajanayām akaḥ-; see

)

; to cause to be reproduced

: Desiderative -jijaniṣate-, to wish to be born

: Desiderative of Causal -jijanayiṣati-, to wish to cause to be conceived or born

prajanayitṛ

m. a generator, begetter, progenitor

prajap

P. -japati-, to recite in a low tone, whisper, mutter

prajāpa

mfn. (for 1.See under pra-jā-) muttering prayers, praying

prajñā

f. the energy of ādi-buddha- (through the union with whom the latter produced all things)

prakara

m. (for 1.See pra-kṛ-) a scattered heap, heap, multitude, quantity, plenty

etc.

prakaraṇa

n. a subject, topic, question, matter, occasion, opportunity

etc.

prākaraṇika

mfn. (fr. -karaṇa-) belonging to the matter in question or to a chapter or to a class or genus

prākāruka

mfn. (prob.) scattering about,

prakaṭitahatāśeṣatamas

mfn. having openly destroyed utter darkness

prakiraṇa

n. scattering, throwing about

prakīrṇa

mfn. scattered, thrown about, dispersed

prakīrṇa

n. scattering or throwing about

prakīrṇaka

mfn. scattered, dispersed, occurring singly or in single instances

prakīrya

mfn. to be scattered or strewed etc.

prakṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter forth, strew, throw about

etc. ; to issue forth, spring up

: Passive voice (and P. Potential -kīryāt-) to disappear, vanish

prakṛśita

( kṛś-) mfn. attenuated, thin, emaciate

prakṛti

f. fundamental form, pattern, standard, model, rule (especially in ritual)

prakṛti

f. matter, affair

prakṛtibhūtekāra

m. the original sound or letter i-

prakruś

P. -kr/ośati-, to raise a cry, cry out

; to utter (cries accusative), call

; to invoke, call upon, cry out to (accusative)

prakṣepa

m. throwing into or upon, scattering upon

prakṣeptavya

mfn. to be thrown into or upon (locative case), to be scattered upon

prakṣubh

A1. P. -kṣobhate-, -kṣubhyati-, to be moved or shaken or agitated or confused ; to totter, stagger.

etc.: Causal -kṣobhayati-, to agitate, excite

prakūj

P. -kūjati-, to utter groans

pralaghu

mfn. very inconsiderable, very small (as an attendance)

pralāpa

m. talk, discourse, prattling, chattering

etc.

pralāpin

mfn. (generally in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; pralāpitva pi-tva- n.) chattering, talking much or unmeaningly, talking, speaking

etc.

pralāpin

mfn. (fever) attended with delirium

pralayajaladharadhvāna

m. the rumbling or muttering of clouds at the dissolution of the world

pralubh

P. A1. -lubhyati-, te-, (A1.) to lust after, be lustful, follow one's lusts, go astray sexually (said of a wife)

; to allure, entice, seduce, pollute

: Causal -lobhayati-, to cause to lust after, allure, entice, attempt, to seduce

etc. ; to divert the attention of any one by (instrumental case)

pramadvara

mf(ā-)n. inattentive, careless

pramāṇapattra

n. a written warrant

pramaṇas

mfn. careful, attentive, kind

pramāṇatva

n. authority, warranty

(the latter also"correctness"

)

pramardana

m. of an attendant of śiva-

pramatha

m. "Tormentor", Name of a class of demons attending on śiva-

etc. (see

)

pramātha

m. of one of the attendants of skanda-

pramātha

m. plural Name of a class of fiends attending on śiva-

(see pramatha-).

pramatta

mfn. inattentive, careless, heedless, negligent, forgetful of (ablative or compound)

etc.

pramattatā

f. inattentiveness, sleepiness, mental inactivity (a-pram-)

pramattavat

mfn. inattentive, careless (a-pram-)

pramoda

m. Name of a being attendant upon skanda-

pramṛgamṛgya

mfn. peculiarly adapted to or fitted for (dative case)

pramuc

P. A1. -muñcati-, te-, to set free, let go, liberate, release from (ablative)

; to loosen, loose, untie, unbind, undo

; to rid one's self of (genitive case), escape

; (ind.p. -mucya-,having liberated one's self from[ ablative ]

) ; to drive away, banish, shake off

; to give up, resign, renounce

; to discharge, emit, throw out, shed

etc. ; to hurl, fling, throw, shoot

; to utter

; to throw or put on (as a garland etc.)

; to lend, bestow

: Passive voice -mucyate-, to free one's self from (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to be loosened, become loose or detached, fall off (as fruits)

; to leave off, cease

: Causal -mocayati-, to liberate from (ablative)

; to loosen, untie

: Desiderative -mumukṣati-, to be about to give up or resign

prāṇa

m. a Name of the letter y-

prāṇadroha

m. attempt on another's life

pranaṣṭa

mfn. (wrongly written pra-ṇaṣṭa-

) lost, disappeared, vanished, ceased, gone, perished, destroyed, annihilated

praṇayakopa

m. the (feigned) anger of a coquette towards her lover

prāṅgaṇa

n. (pra-aṅgaṇa-) a court, yard, court-yard

etc. (also written gana-)

praṇidhā

(

) P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to place in front, cause to precede

; to put down, deposit

; to place in, bring into (locative case)

; to set (a gem) in (locative case)

; to put on, apply

; to touch

; to turn or direct (the eyes or thoughts) upon (locative case)

etc. (with manas-and infinitive mood"to resolve upon"

; scilicet manas-,"to give the whole attention to, reflect, consider"

; ātma praṇidhīyatām-,"one must think"

) ; to send out or employ (a spy or emissary), to spy

; to find out or ascertain anything (accusative) to be (accusative)

praṇidhāna

n. respectful conduct, attention, paid to (locative case)

praṇidhi

m. an attendant, follower

praṇidhi

m. care, attention

praṇidhyai

(only perfect tense -dadhyau-), to attend to (accusative)

praṇihita

mfn. delivered, committed, entrusted to (dative case)

praṇihita

mfn. agreed to or admitted

praṇīta

mfn. established, instituted, taught, said, written

etc.

praṇu

( nu-) P. A1. -navati-, te-, to roar, bellow, sound, reverberate

; P. -ṇauti-, to make a humming or droning sound ; (especially) to utter the syllable om-

prāsa

m. scattering, sprinkling

prāsādaparāmantra

m. Name of a particular magical formula (a combination of the letters ha-and sa-= parā-prāsāda-mantra-)

prasādapaṭṭaka

n. a written edict of favour,

prasādhaka

m. an attendant who dresses his master, valet de chambre

prāsādivārika

m. a kind of attendant in a monastery

prasaṃdhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to fix or fit (an arrow) to (a bow-string)

praśaṃsaṃsya

mfn. preferable to, better than (ablative)

(see 1. śasya-.)

praśasta

mfn. better, more excellent

praśasti

f. Name of a guide to letter-writing

(also tikā-)

praśastipaṭṭa

m. a written edict

prasavakarmakṛt

m. one who performs the act of begetting, begetter

prasavitṛ

m. (for 1.See pra-1. sū-) a begetter, father

prasita

mfn. diligent, attentive, attached or devoted to, engrossed by, engaged in, occupied with (locative case or instrumental case; see

)

prasita

n. pus, matter

prasiti

f. a ligament, binding, fetter

praskhal

P. -skhalati-, to stagger forwards, reel, totter, stumble, tumble

praskhaladgati

mfn. with a tottering step

praskhalat

mfn. reeling, tottering

praślita

mfn. (for pra-śrita-) bent, inclined (Name of the rule of saṃdhi- that changes as-to o-before sonant letters)

prasmartavya

mfn. to be forgotten

prasmṛta

mfn. forgotten

prasphuliṅga

m. or n. (?) a glittering spark

prasphur

P. -sphurati- (pr. p. A1. -sphuramāṇa-

), to spurn or push away

; to become tremulous, throb, quiver, palpitate

etc. ; to glitter, sparkle, flash, shine forth (literally and figuratively)

; to be displayed, become clear or visible, appear

prasrava

m. (plural) morbid matter in the body

prasṛj

P. -sṛjati-, (Aorist P. -asrāk- A1. -asṛkṣata-), to let loose, dismiss, send off to (accusative)

etc. ; to give free course to (anger etc., with accusative)

; to stretch out (the arms)

; to scatter, sow

; to engage in a quarrel with (locative case)

(prob. wrong reading for pra-sajati-): Passive voice -sṛjyate-, to go forth or out, leave home

: Desiderative -sisrikṣati-, to wish to dismiss or send off

prastāra

m. a litter, bed of straw

prasthānavighna

m. non-attendance at a festival, impeding its taking place

prastṛ

P. A1. -stṛṇoti-, -stṛṇute-, or -stṛṇāti-, -stṛṇīte-, to spread, extend (trans. and intrans.)

; (with giraḥ-) to pour out id est utter words, speak

prastuta

n. (in rhetoric) the chief subject-matter, that which is the subject of any statement or comparison (equals upameya-; see

, and tāṅkura-)

prasūta

mf(ā-)n. (pr/a--) procreated, begotten, born, produced, sprung ("by"or"from" ablative or genitive case;"in" locative case or compound; see

)

etc.

prasūta

n. (in sāṃkhya-) the primordial essence or matter

prasvṛ

P. -svarati-, to lengthen or prolate a tone in uttering it

pratāpavat

m. of an attendant of skanda-

prathā

f. spreading out, extending, flattening, scattering

prathama

m. (in gram., scilicet varṇa-), the first consonant of a varga-, a surd unaspirate letter

prathamagarbha

m. first pregnancy, first litter

prathamapravada

mfn. uttering the first sound (as a child)

prathamodita

mfn. first uttered, uttered previously

prathana

n. spreading out, extending, flattening

pratī

( prati-i-) P. praty-eti-, to go towards or against, go to meet (as friend or foe)

etc. ; to come back, return

; to resort or apply to

; to fall to a person's (dative case) lot or share

; to receive, accept

; (also Passive voice) to admit, recognize, be certain of, be convinced that (2 accusative)

etc. ; to trust, believe (with genitive case)

: Passive voice pratīyate-, to be admitted or recognized, follow, result

(parasmE-pada yamāna-,known, understood, implicit

) : Causal praty-āyayati- (Passive voice praty-āyyate-), to lead towards id est cause to recognize or acknowledge, convince (any one of the truth of anything)

; to make clear, prove

: Desiderative pratīṣiṣati-, to wish or try to understand

pratibhāmukha

mfn. at once hitting the right, quick-witted

(confident, arrogant

)

pratibhānavat

mfn. endowed with presence of mind, quick-witted, shrewd, intelligent

etc. ( pratibhānavattva -tva- n.

)

pratibudh

A1. -budhyate- (Epic also P. ti-), to awaken (intr.), awake, wake

etc. ; to perceive, observe, learn

(2. perfect tense subjunctive -b/ubodhatha-; parasmE-pada A1. b/udhyamāna-,"attentive")

; to awaken (trans.)

: Passive voice (only Aorist abodhi-) to expand

: Causal bodhayati-, to awaken (trans.)

; to instruct, inform, admonish

etc. ; to commission, charge, order

pratidā

P. A1. -dadāti-, -datte-, to give back, restore, return

etc. ; to give, offer, present

: Causal -dāpayati-, to cause to be given back or restored

pratidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte- (Ved. infinitive mood pr/ati-dhātave-), to put on or in or near or back, return, restore (locative case or dative case)

; to adjust (an arrow), aim

; to put to the lips (for drinking)

; to put down (the feet), step out

; to offer, present

; to use, employ

; to restrain

; (A1.) to commence, begin, approach

pratigraha

m. a grasper, seizer (keśa--,a hair-cutter, barber)

a receiver

pratihata

mfn. repelled, warded off, checked, impeded, obstructed, prevented, omitted

etc.

pratihitā

f. an arrow fitted to the bow-string

pratijāgara

m. watchfulness, attention

pratijāgaraṇa

n. watching, guarding, attending to

pratijāgṛvi

mfn. watchful, attentive

pratijap

P. -japati-, to mutter in response

pratijāpa

m. the act of muttering against

pratijñāpattra

n. a promissory note, a written contract, bond

pratijñāpattraka

n. a promissory note, a written contract, bond

pratijñāta

(pr/ati--) mfn. admitted, acknowledged

pratikīrṇa

mfn. scattered towards

pratikṛ

P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute-, (infinitive mood pratī-kartum-

), to do or make an opposition

; to return, repay, requite (good or evil [ accusative ] , with genitive case dative case or locative case of Persian)

etc. ; to counteract, resist (accusative or genitive case)

; to treat, attend to, cure (a disease)

; to repair, mend, restore

; to pay back (a debt)

: Causal A1. -kārayate-, to cause to be repeated

: Desiderative -cikīrṣati-, to wish to take revenge on (accusative or locative case) for (accusative)

pratikṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter towards (see prati-s-kṝ-and

) .

pratīkṣā

f. consideration, attention, respect, veneration

pratīkṣaṇa

n. looking to or at, considering, regard, attention

pratilikh

P. -likhati-, to write back, answer by letter

; to wipe off, cleanse, purify

pratilikhita

mfn. written back, answered

pratilipi

f. a copy, transcript, written reply

pratimāna

n. a model, pattern

pratimāparicāraka

m. an attendant upon an idol (equals devala-)

(see

)

pratipanna

mfn. avowed, acknowledged (as a brother), admitted (as a debt)

pratirūpa

n. a pattern, model for imitation (see -dhṛk-below)

pratirūpadhṛk

mfn. offering (id est being) a model or pattern

pratīṣ

( prati-iṣ-) P. pratīcchati- (ind.p. pratīṣya-), to strive after, seek

; to receive, accept from

etc. ; to regard, mind, attend to, obey

prātiśākhya

n. (fr. -śākham-) a treatise on the peculiar euphonic combination and pronunciation of letters which prevails in different śākhā-s of the veda-s (there are 4 prātiśākhya- one for the śākala-śākhā- of the

;two for particular śākhā-s of the black and white yajur-veda-s, and one for a śākhā- of the

; see

)

pratisamāhita

mfn. fitted to the bowstring (as an arrow)

pratisaṃdhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, (P.) to put together again, re-arrange

; (A1.) to put on, adjust (an arrow)

; (A.) to return, reply

; (P. A1.) to remember, recollect

; (A1.) to comprehend, understand

pratisaṃkhyāna

n. the tranquil consideration of a matter

pratisarga

m. secondary or continued creation out of primitive matter

pratiṣiddha

mfn. driven back, kept off, prevented, omitted

etc.

pratiskandha

m. Name of an attendant of skanda- (varia lectio kapi-sk-)

pratisṛj

P. -sṛjati-, to hurl or utter in reply (a curse)

; to send away, despatch

(varia lectio)

pratiṣṭhā

f. a mystical Name of the letter ā-

pratiṣṭhā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

pratividhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to dispose, arrange, prepare, make ready

; to despatch (spies)

; to counteract, act against (genitive case)

; to contradict a conclusion

prativiśiṣṭa

mfn. ( śiṣ-) more distinguished or peculiar, better or worse

pratiyojayitavya

mfn. to be fitted with strings

pratiyu

P. -yauti-, to tie to, bind, fetter

pratiyuta

mfn. tied to, bound, fettered

pratyabhidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to take or draw back, re-absorb

; (A1.) to reply, answer

pratyādā

A1. -datte-, to receive back

; to take back, revoke

; to draw forth from (ablative)

; to repeat, return

pratyāhāra

m. (in gram.) the comprehension of a series of letters or roots etc. into one syllable by combining for shortness the first member with the anubandha- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) of the last member

pratyāhāra

m. a group of letters etc. so combined (as ac-or hal-in the śivasūtra-s)

pratyāhṛ

P. -harati-, to draw in or back

etc. ; to withdraw (the senses from worldly objects)

; to replace, fetch or bring back, recover

etc. ; to rearrange, restore

; to take up again, continue (a business, sacrifice etc.)

; to report, relate

; to utter (a speech), cry

; to withdraw (what has been created), destroy

; wrong reading for pra-vyā-hṛ-

pratyākalita

n. (defendant's) supplement to the written deposition of two litigants

pratyarthyāvedana

n. (in law) the verbal information or deposition of the defendant which is written down by the officers of the court

pratyavaskandavaskandana

n. a special plea at law (admitting a fact, but qualifying or explaining it so as not to allow it to be a matter of accusation),

pratyavekṣaṇa

n. looking after, care, attention

pratyavekṣya

mfn. to be regarded or paid attention to

pratyaya

m. a subsequent sound or letter

pratyetavya

mfn. to be acknowledged, or admitted, to be understood as (Nominal verb)

pratyudīr

(only ind.p. -īrya-), to utter in return, reply

pratyupādhā

A1. -dhatte-, to regain, recover

prava

mfn. (fr. pru-) fluttering, hovering

pravad

P. A1. -vadati-, te- (Ved. infinitive mood pr/a-vaditos-), to speak out, pronounce, proclaim, declare, utter, say, tell

etc. ; to speak to (accusative)

; to raise the voice (said of birds and animals)

; to roar, splash (said of water)

; (see a-pravadat-) to assert, affirm, state

; to pronounce to be, call, name (2 accusative)

etc. ; to offer for sale (with instrumental case of price)

(varia lectio): Causal -vādayati-, to cause to sound, play (with accusative of the instrument)

etc. ; (without an object) to play, make music

(also -vādyati-,with act. meaning

) .

pravāda

m. speaking forth, uttering

pravādin

mfn. giving forth a sound, uttering a cry

pravaditṛ

mfn. one who speaks out, uttering (genitive case or accusative)

pravah

P. -vahati-, (

) , to carry forwards, draw or drag on wards

; to carry off in flowing, wash away

; to lead or bring to (accusative)

; to bear

; to exhibit, show, utter

; (A1.) to drive onwards

; to flow along

; to rush, blow (as wind)

: Causal -vāhayati-, to cause to go away, send off, dismiss

; to cause to swim away (Passive voice,to be washed away)

; to set in motion or on foot

pravāha

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

pravahaṇa

n. a kind of litter

pravāla

mn. (prob. fr. val-,but also written pra-bāla-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a young shoot, sprout, new leaf or branch (to which feet and lips are often compared)

etc.

pravāla

m. coral

etc. (in this sense also written pra-vāḍa-)

pravalgita

mfn. bounding, leaping, fluttering

pravap

P. -vapati-, to scatter, strew, throw

etc. etc.: Causal -vāpayati-, to scatter, strew

pravapaṇa

n. scattering, sowing

pravāpayitṛ

mfn. (fr. Causal) one who scatters forth or pours out

pravāpin

mfn. scattering, sowing in (compound)

pravara

mf(ā-)n. better than (ablative)

pravepin

mfn. trembling, shaking, tottering

praveṣṭavya

mfn. to be caused or allowed to enter, to be admitted

prāvī

mfn. attentive, mindful

pravibhakta

mfn. variously situated, scattered

pravidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to place apart, divide

; (A1.) to meditate, think upon

; to place in front, put at the head, pay attention to

pravidruta

mfn. ( dru-) running or flowing asunder, scattered, dispersed

pravikīrṇa

mfn. scattered, dispersed, diffused

pravikṝ

P. -kirati-, (ind.p. -kīrya-), to scatter about, disperse, diffuse

pravinaś

(only A1.2.sg. future -naṅkṣyase-), to perish utterly, be destroyed

pravinaṣṭa

mfn. utterly destroyed

pravyāharaṇa

n. the uttering of sounds, faculty of speech

pravyāhṛ

P. -harati-, to utter forth, speak

; to utter inarticulate sounds, howl, yell, roar

(varia lectio pratyāhri-) ; to declare beforehand, foretell, predict

: Causal -hārayati-, to speak

prayāsa

m. exertion, effort, pains, trouble (in the beginning of a compound,with locative case or genitive case, -arthāya-or -nimittena-)

etc. (see a-prayāsena-)

prayatna

m. (in gram.) effort in uttering, mode of articulation (also āsya-pray-,distinguished into ābhyantara-p-and bāhya-p-,internal and external effort)

prayoga

m. utterance, pronunciation, recitation, delivery

prayoktavya

mfn. to be uttered or pronounced or recited

prayuj

A1. -yuṅkte- (rarely P. -yunakti-; see

), to yoke or join or harness to (locative case)

; to unite with (instrumental case)

; to turn (the mind) to (locative case)

; to prepare for (dative case)

; to set in motion, throw, cast (also dice), discharge, hurl at (locative case or dative case)

etc. ; to utter, pronounce, speak, recite

; to fix, place in or on (locative case)

; to direct, order, urge to (dative case or locative case)

etc. ; to choose for (two accusative)

; to lead towards, bring into (accusative)

; to use, employ, practise, display, exhibit, perform, accomplish, contrive, do

etc. ; to undertake, commence, begin

; to cause, effect, produce

; to represent on the stage, act

; to lend (for use or interest)

: Passive voice -yujyate-, to be fit or suitable, conduce to (dative case)

: Causal -yojayati-, to throw, discharge, hurl at or against (locative case)

; to utter, pronounce

; to show, display, exhibit

; (with manas-) to concentrate the mind

; to urge, direct, appoint to (locative case)

; to transfer or entrust to (dative case)

; to undertake, begin

; to represent on the stage

; to cause to be represented by (instrumental case)

; to use, employ

etc. ; to perform, practise

; (with vṛddhim-) to take interest

; (with prayogam-) to invest capital

; to be applicable gaRa kṣubhnādi- ; to aim at, have in view

: Desiderative -yuyukṣate-, to wish to use, want, require

prayukta

mfn. uttered, pronounced, recited

etc.

prayuta

mfn. (pr/a--) absent in mind, inattentive, heedless, careless (see a-pray-)

prekṣakerita

mfn. (a word) uttered by a spectator

prer

( pra-īr-) A1. prerte-, to move (intrans.), come forth, arise, appear

Causal prerayati-, to set in motion, push on, drive forwards, urge, stimulate, excite

etc. ; to send, dispatch

; to turn, direct (the eyes)

(varia lectio) ; to raise (the voice), utter, pronounce (words, prayers etc.)

preyas

n. (in rhetoric) flattery

preyasvin

mfn. containing flattery

priyaka

m. Name of a being attending on skanda-

priyamālyānulepana

m. "fond of garlands and ornaments", Name of an attendant of skanda-

priyasarpiṣka

mfn. fond of melted butter

priyavādin

mfn. speaking kindly or agreeably, flattering, a flatterer

etc. ( priyavāditā di-tā- f.

)

priyavaktṛ

mfn. one who speaks kindly or agreeably, flattering, a flatterer

pṛkṣa

mfn. (either connected with pṛśni-, pṛṣat-,or fr.1. pṛc-) spotted, dappled (others"fleet, swift";others, "having or bringing food")

pṛkṣa

m. a spotted (or a swift etc.) horse (others"beast of burden";others "food, nourishment, abundance")

proccar

(pra-ud-car-) P. -carati-, to utter a sound, utter, pronounce

: Causal -carayati-, to cause to sound

prodita

mfn. spoken out, uttered

prodvah

(pra-ud-vah-) P. -vahati-, to utter, manifest

projjval

(pra-ud-jval-) P. lati-, to shine brightly, flash, glitter

prollas

(pra-ud-las-;only P. pr. p. prollasat-), to shine brightly, glitter

; to sound, be heard

; to move to and fro

pṛṣadājya

n. curdled or clotted butter, ghee mixed with coagulated milk (forming an oblation)

pṛṣadvarā

f. "best among spotted antelopes", Name of a wife of ruru- and daughter of a vidyā-dhara- by menakā- (a sort of antelope)

pṛṣadvatsa

mfn. having a spotted calf

pṛṣat

mf(atī-)n. spotted, speckled, piebald, variegated

pṛṣat

m. the spotted antelope

(see gaRa vyāghrādi-,where

pṛṣata-)

pṛṣat

m. a spotted doe

etc.

pṛṣata

m. the spotted antelope

etc.

pṛṣāta

mfn. spotted, variegated

pṛṣattva

n. the being spotted or variegated

pṛśni

mfn. (

) variegated, dappled, piebald, speckled, spotted (said especially of cows, serpents, frogs etc.)

pṛśnisaktha

mfn. having spotted thighs

pṛśniśapha

mf(ā-)n. having spotted hoofs

pṛśnivāla

mf(ā-)n. having a spotted tail

pṛṣodara

mf(ā-)n. having a spotted belly

(see

) .

pṛthakśruti

mfn. uttering a distinct sound, distinctly heard

pṛthuka

mn. rice or grain flattened

pṛthuśravas

m. of a being attendant upon skanda-

(wrong reading -śrava-)

pṛthuvaktrā

f. "wide-mouthed", Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

pūjana

n. reverencing, honouring, worship, respect, attention, hospitable reception

( pūjanamālikā -mālikā- f.Name of work)

pula

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

puṃs

m. a servant, attendant

punaḥsaṃskṛta

mfn. fitted up again, repaired, mended

punarbandhayoga

m. tying or fettering again

puṇyaloka

(p/u-) mfn. belonging to or sharing in a better world

puṇyanāman

m. Name of one of the attendants of skanda-

puraḥsara

m. a forerunner, precursor, harbinger, attendant

etc. etc.

puraḥsara

m. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' (f(ā-).) attended or preceded by, connected with

etc.

purānokta

mfn. enjoined by or written in the padma-

puraskāra

m. accompanying, attending (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'"preceded or accompanied by, joined or connected with, including")

puraskaraṇīya

(

) mfn. to be placed in front or honoured or prepared or fitted out or made complete.

puraskartavya

(

) mfn. to be placed in front or honoured or prepared or fitted out or made complete.

puraskṛ

(P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute-), to place before or in front, cause to precede

etc. ; to make one's leader, place in office, appoint

; to respect, honour

etc. ; to place above all, prefer, choose, attend to

; to show, display

puraskṛta

mfn. honoured, esteemed, attended, accompanied by, possessed of, occupied with (compound)

etc.

pūrṇa

mfn. uttering this cry

purodhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, (A1.) to place before or at the head, to appoint (especially to priestly functions), charge, commission

etc. ; to propose (as a prize)

; (P.) to place foremost, value highly, esteem, honour, be intent upon or zealous for, take to heart

purojava

m. one who goes before, a servant, attendant (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' accompanied by, furnished with) ,

puruṣa

m. a person, (pumān puruṣaḥ-,a male person

; daṇḍaḥp-,punishment personified

; especially grammatical Persian;with prathama-, madhyama-, uttama-= the 3rd, 2nd, 1st Persian

), an officer, functionary, attendant, servant

etc. (see tat-p-)

puruṣa

m. of one of the 18 attendants of the sun

puruṣayoni

(p/u-) mfn. descended from or begotten by a man (male)

puruṣottama

m. the best of servants, a good attendant

pūrva

mf(ā-)n. former, prior, preceding, previous to, earlier than (ablative or compound)

(gaja-pūrva-,preceding the number"eight" id est seven, the seventh

; māsena p-or māsa-p-,earlier by a month

; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' often = formerly or before exempli gratia, 'for example' strī-p-,formerly a wife; āḍhya-p-,formerly wealthy; especially after a pp. exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛta-p-,done before, dṛṣṭa-p-,seen before; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' also preceded or accompanied by, attended with exempli gratia, 'for example' smita-pūrvā-vāk-,speech accompanied by smiles;sometimes not translatable exempli gratia, 'for example' mṛdu-pūrvā vāk-,kind speech)

pūrvaduṣkṛtabhoga

m. the pain or penalty consequent on sins committed in a former birth

pūrvaṃgama

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' attended by, furnished with

pūrvāpararātri

f. the former and latter half of the night,

pūrvavākya

n. (in dramatic language) an allusion to a former utterance

pūṣaṇā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

puṣpābbikīrṇa

m. a kind of spotted snake

puṣpadanta

m. of an attendant of śiva-

puṣpadanta

m. of an attendant of viṣṇu-.

puṣpita

mf(ā-)n. having marks like flowers, variegated, spotted, (said of bad teeth)

pūtanā

f. Name of a female demon (said to cause a particular disease in children, and to have offered her poisoned breast to the infant kṛṣṇa- who seized it and sucked away her life;regarded also as one of the mātṛ-s attending upon skanda-, and as a yoginī-)

pūti

m. purulent matter, pus

pūtikarṇa

m. a disease of the ear with discharge of putrid matter

pūtikuṣmāṇḍāya

Nom. (fr. p/ūti-kuṣmāṇḍa-) A1. yate-, to resemble a rotten gourd id est be quite worthless

pūtirajju

f. a rotten cord

pūtiśapharī

f. rotten fish

putrapautrīṇa

mfn. transmitted to sons and grandsons, hereditary

( putrapautrīṇatā ṇa-tā- f.

)

pūya

m. n. purulent matter, pus, suppuration, discharge from an ulcer or wound

pūyāri

m. "hostile to suppuration", the Nimb tree, Azadirachta Indica (the leaves of which are used to produce dispersion or absorption of purulent matter)

racitatva

n. the being composed or written

rāḍhā

f. (sometimes written rārā-) Name of a district in the west of Bengal (= suhma-) and its capital

rādhāmānataraṃgiṇī

f. Name of a poem (written in 1696).

rāḍhīya

mfn. (also written rārīya-) belonging to rāḍhā-

raḍi

f. (with rati-) play, sport (equals krīḍā-)

(omitted in other texts) .

rāgaṣāḍava

(or -ṣāḍhava-) m. a kind of sweetmeat or syrup compounded of grapes and pomegranates and the juice of Phaseolus Mungo (or of half ripe mango fruit with ginger, cardamoms, oil, butter etc.)

(also written rāga-khāḍava- see rāga-khāṇḍava-).

rahita

mfn. left, quitted, forsaken, deserted, lonely, solitary

etc. ( rahite te- ind.or rahiteṣu teṣu- ind.in secret, secretly, privately)

rāj

(prob. originally two roots; see raj- rañj-, ṛñj-) cl.1 P. A1. (

) r/ājati-, te- (Ved. also rāṣṭi-, rāṭ-; perfect tense rarāja-; rarāje-or reje-,2. sg. P. rarājitha-or rejitha-

etc.; Aorist arājiṣuḥ-

; arājiṣṭa- grammar; future rājitā-, rājiṣyati-

; infinitive mood rāj/ase-

), to reign, be king or chief, rule over (genitive case), direct, govern (accusative)

etc. ; to be illustrious or resplendent, shine, glitter

; to appear as or like (iva-)

: Causal rājayati-, te- (Aorist ararājat-), to reign, rule

; to illuminate, make radiant (see rājita-): Desiderative rirājiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive rārājyate-, rārāṣṭi-

[For cognate wordsSee under rājan-.]

raja

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

rājakilbiṣin

mfn. one who being a king has committed a transgression

rājalekha

m. "kind's writing", a royal letter or edict

rājan

m. Name of one of the 18 attendants on sūrya- (identified with a form of guha-)

rājaprasādapaṭṭaka

n. any grant or document granted by royal favour, royal letters patent,

rajas

n. impurity, dirt, dust, any small particle of matter

etc. (see go-r-)

rājasiṃhasudhāsaṃgraha

m. Name of a medical work (written by mahādeva-, at the request of king rāja-siṃha-, and also called -sudhā-sindhu-).

rajasya

Nom. P. syati-, to become dust, be scattered as dust

[ confer, compare Gothic riqizja.]

rājataraṃgiṇī

f. "stream (id est continuous history) of kings", Name of a celebrated history of the kings of kaśmīra- or Cashmere by kalhaṇa- (written A.D. 1148) and of some other chronicles of that country

rajjusaṃdāna

n. rope and foot-fetter

rājopacāra

m. attention paid to a kind

rakāra

m. the letter or sound ra-

rakṣ

cl.1 P. (

) r/akṣati- (Ved. and mc. also te-; perfect tense rar/akṣa-

etc.; Aorist arakṣīt-

etc.; arākṣīt-

; preceding rakṣyāt- grammar; future rakṣitā-

; rakṣiṣyati- Conditional arakṣiṣyat-

; rakṣye-

; infinitive mood rakṣitum-

), to guard, watch, take care of, protect, save, preserve ("from" ablative)

etc. ; to tend (cattle)

; to rule (the earth or a country)

; to keep (a secret)

; to spare, have regard to (another's feelings)

; to observe (a law, duty etc.)

; to guard against, ward off, keep away, prevent, frustrate, injure

; to beware of

; (A1.) to heed, attend to (locative case)

; (A1.) to conceal, hide (?)

; to conceal one's self, be afraid (?)

: Causal rakṣayati-, te- (Aorist ararakṣat-

), to guard, watch, save or protect from (ablative)

: Desiderative rirakṣati-, to wish to guard, intend to protect from (ablative)

: Intensive See rārakṣāṇ/a-. ([Prob. a kind of Desiderative of some root like raj-or rajj-; confer, compare Greek , ; Latin arx,arceo.])

raktamaṇḍala

m. a species of red-spotted or red-ringed snake

rāmagītā

f. Name of a chapter of the adhyātma-rāmāyaṇa- (in which spiritual knowledge is shown to be better than ritualistic observances;also plural)

rāmakirī

f. (in music) Name of a rāgiṇī-

(also written -kīrī-or -karī-).

rāmāyaṇa

n. (ramāyaṇa-) Name of vālmīki-'s celebrated poem, describing the"goings" ([ ayana-]) of rāma- and sitā- (it contains about 24000 verses in 7 books called kāṇḍa-s, viz. 1. bāla-kāṇḍa- or ādi-kāṇḍa-;2. ayodhyā-kāṇḍa-;3. araṇya-kāṇḍa-;4. kiṣ-kindhyā-kāṇḍa-;5. sundara-kāṇḍa-;6. yuddha-kāṇḍa-;7. uttara-kāṇḍa-;part of the 1st book and the 7th are thought to be comparatively modern additions;the latter gives the history of rāma- and sītā- after their re-union and installation as king and queen of ayodhyā-, afterwards dramatized by bhava-bhūti- in the uttara-rāma-caritra-; rāma-'s character, as described in the rāmāyaṇa-, is that of a perfect man, who bears suffering and self-denial with superhuman patience;the author, vālmīki-, was probably a Brahman connected with the royal family of ayodhyā-;and although there are three recensions of the poem, all of them go back to a lost original recension, the ground work of which, contained in books 2-6, in spite of many amplifications and interpolations, may be traced back to one man, and does not like the mahābhārata-, represent the production of different epochs and minds)

etc. (see

) .

raṅgāvatāraka

m. (see prec.) a stage-player, actor

(the latter also"an actor who dresses like rudra-"

)

raṅgāvatārin

m. (see prec.) a stage-player, actor

(the latter also"an actor who dresses like rudra-"

)

raṇotkaṭa

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

rap

(see lap-) cl.1 P. (

) r/apati- (perfect tense rarāpa-etc. grammar), to talk, chatter, whisper

: Intensive rārapīti- idem or 'mf(ikā-)n. equals randhra-, in bahurandhrikā- q.v '

rās

(see 1. ras-) cl.1 A1. (

) rāsate- (perfect tense rarāse-

; future rāsitā-, rāsiṣyate- grammar; Aorist arāsiṣṭa-

), to howl, cry

etc.: Intensive rārāsyate-, to cry aloud, utter loud lamentations (only p. rārāyamāna-; Bombay edition vāvāśyamāna-)

rasa

m. melted butter

rasa

m. taste, flavour (as the principal quality of fluids, of which there are 6 original kinds, viz. madhura-,sweet; amla-,sour; lavaṇa-,salt; kaṭuka-,pungent; tikta-,bitter;and kaṣāya-,astringent;sometimes 63 varieties are distinguished, viz. beside the 6 original ones, 15 mixtures of 2, 20 of 3, 15 of 4, 6 of 5, and 1 of 6 flavours)

etc.

rasa

m. (in rhetoric) the taste or character of a work, the feeling or sentiment prevailing in it (from 8 to 10 rasa-s are generally enumerated, viz. śṛṅgāra-,love; vīra-,heroism; bībhatsa-,disgust; raudra-,anger or fury; hāsya-,mirth; bhayānaka-,terror; karuṇa-,pity; adbhuta-,wonder; śānta-,tranquillity or contentment; vātsalya-,paternal fondness;the last or last two are sometimes omitted; see under bhāva-)

etc.

rasāyana

n. buttermilk

rasita

mfn. (for 2.See) sounded, resounding, uttering inarticulate sounds

rathagarbhaka

m. "embryo-carriage", a litter, sedan-chair

rathākṣa

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

rathāṅga

n. a potter's wheel

rathecitra

m. "glittering on a chariots", a particular personification

rathītara

mfn. (rath/ī--) a better or superior charioteer

rati

f. of the letter n-

ratnacchāyā

f. glitter or splendour of jewels

ratnamālāvatī

f. "having a necklace of jewels", Name of one of rādhā-'s female attendants

rātrimāraṇa

n. murder (committed) at night

ṛc

f. praise, verse, especially a sacred verse recited in praise of a deity (in contradistinction to the sāman- [ plural sāmāni-] or verses which were sung and to the yajus- [ plural yajūṃṣi-] or sacrificial words, formularies, and verses which were muttered)

rebha

m. a prattler, chatterer

reṇukā

f. a particular drug or medicinal substance (said to be fragrant, but bitter and slightly pungent in taste, and of greyish colour; see reṇu-)

repha

m. a burring guttural sound, the letter r- (as so pronounced)

rephalakāropānta

mfn. having a name whose last letter but one is r- or l-,

rephin

mfn. having or containing the letter r-, having the nature of r-

reṣ

cl.1 A1. reṣate- (perfect tense rireṣe-etc. grammar), to howl, roar, yell (as wolves)

(others"to neigh"or,"to utter any inarticulate sound") .

retodhas

m. (with or without pitṛ-) "a begetter", natural father

rī

or ri- (see li-) cl.9 P. (

) riṇ/āti- cl.4 P. (

) r/īyate- (riṇīte-

; riyati-

; imperfect tense ariṇvan-

; Gr.pf. rirāya-, rirye-; Aorist araiṣīt-, areṣṭa-; future retā-; reṣyati-, te-; infinitive mood retum-), to release, set free, let go

; to sever, detach from (ablative)

; to yield, bestow

; (A1.) to be shattered or dissolved, melt, become fluid, drop, flow

: Causal repayati- (Aorist arīripat-) grammar : Desiderative rirīṣati-, te-

: Intens, rerīyate-, rerayīti-

ribh

or rebh- cl.1 P. r/ebhati- (according to to

A1. te-; perfect tense rirebha-

; Aorist arebhīt- grammar; future rebhitā-, rebhiṣyati-

), to crackle (as fire)

; to creak (as a car)

; to murmur (as fluids)

; to chatter, talk aloud

; to shout, sing, praise

riktha

n. (sometimes written ṛk-) property left at death, inheritance

etc.

riph

cl.6 P. (

) riphati- (parasmE-pada -rephat-

; perfect tense rirepha-etc. grammar; ind.p. rephitvā-

), to snarl

; (only

) to speak or boast (kathane-or katthane-) ; to blame ; to fight ; to give ; to hurt, kill (see rimph-): Passive voice riphyate-, to be murmured or spoken in a guttural or burring manner (like the letter r-) ; to have or take the pronunciation of the letter r-

(see repha-).

riphita

mfn. pronounced with a guttural roll (as the letter r-), burred, rolled in the throat like r-

ṛkāra

m. the letter or sound ṛ-

ṝkāra

m. the letter or sound ṝ-

rocamānā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

rodhra

m. (prob. connected with rudhira-) the tree Symplocos Racemosa (it has yellow flowers, and the red powder scattered during the holī- festival is prepared from its bark)

ropita

mfn. committed, entrusted

ṛṣṭividyut

(ṛṣṭ/i-) mfn. glancing or glittering with swords (as the marut-s)

ṛtvigāśis

f. a wish or prayer uttered by the officiating priest,

cl.1 A1. (

) ravate- (only rāviṣam-

; ruruviṣe-, araviṣṭa- aroṣṭa-

) to break or dash to pieces

(

also "to go;to kill;to be angry;to speak") : Intensive (only parasmE-pada r/oruvat-) to break, shatter

rucita

mfn. shone upon (by the sun etc.), bright, brilliant, glittering,

ruddhagir

mfn. having the utterance choked or impeded

rudh

cl.7 P. A1. (

) ruṇ/addhi-, runddh/e- (1. plural -rudhmas-

; rundhati-, te-

etc.; rodhati-

perfect tense rurodha-, rurudhe-

etc.; rurundhatuḥ-

; Aorist araut-

; arautsīt-

etc.; rotsīs-

; arutsi-, aruddha-

; arautsi-

; arodham-

; arudhma-

; parasmE-pada rudh/at- see 1. rudh-; arudhat-

etc.; preceding rudhyāt-

; future roddhā- grammar; rotsyati-, te-

etc. infinitive mood roddhum-or rodhitum-

; roddhos-

; ind.p. ruddhvā-

etc.; -r/udhya-

etc.; -rundhya-

; -r/udham-

; -r/undham-

; -rodham-

), to obstruct, check, arrest, stop, restrain, prevent, keep back, withhold

(always with na-), etc. ; to avert, keep off, repel

(see rudhat-under1. rudh-) ; to shut, lock up, confine in (locative case)

etc. (according to to

also with double accusative) ; to besiege, blockade, invest

etc. ; to close, block up (a path)

; to cover, conceal, veil, obscure

etc. ; to stop up, fill

; to lay (dust)

; to touch, move (the heart)

; to torment, harass

; to lose, be deprived of (accusative)

; to tear, rend asunder (?)

: Causal rodhayati- (Epic also te-and rundhayati-; Aorist arūrudhat-; Passive voice rodhyate-), to stop, arrest

; to cause to be confined by (accusative)

; to cause to be besieged by (instrumental case)

; to close (with a cover or lid)

; to fetter, enchain, influence

; to oppress, torment, harass

: Desiderative rorutsate- (

), ti- (

), to wish to obstruct etc.: Intensive rorudhyate-, roroddhi-, to obstruct intensely or repeatedly etc. grammar (only rorudhaḥ-

)

rūḍhaparicchada

mfn. laden with chattels

rudra

mfn. (prob.) crying, howling, roaring, dreadful, terrific, terrible, horrible (applied to the aśvin-s, agni-, indra-, mitra-, varuṇa-, and the sp/aśaḥ-)

(according to to others"red, shining, glittering", fr. a rud-or rudh-connected with rudhira-;others"strong, having or bestowing strength or power", fr. a rud- equals vṛd-, vṛdh-;native authorities give also the following meanings,"driving away evil";"running about and roaring", fr. ru-+ dra-= dru-2;"praiseworthy, to be praised";"a praiser, worshipper"equals stotṛ-

)

rudra

m. of the letter e-

rudraroman

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending upon skanda-

rudriya

mf(ā-)n. terrific, fearful, impetuous

(

"uttering praise or giving pleasure'"; see rudr/a-) m. (sg. and plural) the marut-s

ruganvita

mfn. attended with pain, painful.

rugṇa

mfn. (sometimes incorrectly written rugn/a-) broken, bent, shattered, injured, checked

etc.

ruj

cl.6 P. (

) ruj/ati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense rur/oja-

etc.; Aorist 2. sg. rok-

; ruk-

; araukṣīt- grammar; future roktā-, rokṣyati-

; infinitive mood -r/uje-

; ind.p. ruktv/ā-, -r/ujya-

), to break, break open, dash to pieces, shatter, destroy

etc. ; to cause pain, afflict, injure (with accusative or genitive case; confer, compare

)

etc. etc.: Causal rojayati- (Aorist arūrujat-), to cause to break etc. ; to strike upon (locative case)

; (cl.10.

) to hurt, injure, kill: Desiderative rurukṣati- grammar (See rurukṣ/aṇi-): Intensive rorujyate-, rorokti-, grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin lugeo.])

ruj

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), breaking, crushing, shattering

rūkṣaṇa

mfn. making thin, attenuating

rūkṣapeṣam

ind. ( piṣ-,to pound) having pounded (anything) into dry powder (without adding butter or any liquid)

rūpaka

n. (in rhetoric) a figure of speech, metaphor, comparison, simile (especially one in which iva-, vat-etc. are omitted exempli gratia, 'for example' bāhu-latā-,"a creeper-like arm", paṇi-padma-,"a lotus-like hand";there are 3 or 4 varieties of rūpaka- exempli gratia, 'for example' the ardha-r-,"partial metaphor", khaṇḍa-r-,"imperfect metaphor", and lalāma-r-,"flowery metaphor")

etc. (see

)

rūparāga

m. (with

) craving for life in a material form (either on earth or in heaven;one of the 10 fetters or saṃyojana-s)

rūṣa

m. bitter and sour taste

rūṣa

mf(ā-)n. bitter and sour

(see rūkṣa-).

ruta

mfn. broken to pieces, shattered, divided

ruvaṇya

(fr. an unused ruvaṇa-) Nom. P. yati-, to cry, utter harsh or loud cries

ṣa

the second of the three sibilants (it belongs to the cerebral class, and is sometimes substituted for s-,and more rarely for ś-,and occasionally interchangeable with kh-;in sound it corresponds toshin the English wordshun;many roots which begin with s-are written in the dhātu-pāṭha- with ṣ-,prob. to show that their initial s-is liable to be cerebralized after certain prepositions).

the actual base for the Nominal verb case of the 3rd Persian pronoun t/ad- q.v (occurring only in the Nominal verb sg. mf.[ s/a-or s/as-, sā-],and in the Vedic or Veda locative case [ s/asmin-

];the final s-of the Nominal verb m.is dropped before all consonants [except before p-in

, and before t-in

] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of visarga-; sa-occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ-];and it is often for emphasis connected with another pronoun as with aham-, tvam-, eṣa-, ayam-etc.[ exempli gratia, 'for example' so 'ham- sa tvam-,"I (or thou) that very person"; confer, compare under t/ad-,p.434] , the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd Persian even if aham-or tvam-be omitted[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa- tvā pṛcchāmi-"I that very person ask you"

; sa- vai no brūhi-"do thou tell us"

];similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān-[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām-,"let your Highness set out for victory"

];it sometimes [and frequently in the brāhmaṇa-s] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adverb such as ya-, yad-, yadi-, yathā-, ced-;in this position sa-may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind.,even where another gender or number is required[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa yadi- sthāvarā āpo bhananti-,"if those waters are stagnant"

];in the sāṃkhya- sa-,like eṣa-, ka-,and ya-,is used to denote puruṣa-, "the Universal Soul")

śabala

mf(ā-,or ī-)n. (also written śavala-; see śabara-above) variegated, brindled, dappled, spotted (in

applied to the two four-eyed watch-dogs of yama-)

etc.

śabalā

f. a spotted cow

śabalaka

mfn. spotted, brindled (in algebra applied to the 13th unknown quantity)

śabalākṣa

m. "spotted-eyed", Name of a ṛṣi-

śabalī

f. a spotted cow

śabalikā

f. a kind of bird

(incorrectly written sab-).

śabalodara

m. "having a spotted-belly", Name of a demon

śabara

mfn. - (also written śavara-; see śabala-below) variegated, brindled

sabārthībhū

P. -bhavati-, to accompany, attend ( sabārthībhāva rthī-bhāva- m."companionship, community")

Va1rtt. 3.

śabd

(rather a Nom. śabdaya-fr. śabda-) cl.10 P. (

) śabdayati-, to make any noise or sound, cry aloud

; to call, invoke

; (śabdāpayati-, te-), to call, address

: Passive voice ś/abdyate-, to be sounded etc. ; to be called

; (impersonal or used impersonally) it is chattered

śabda

m. (in

also n. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).perhaps connected with3. śap- see also 2. śap-) sound, noise, voice, tone, note (śabdaṃ- kṛ-,to utter a sound, raise the voice, cry aloud;sound is supposed to be sevenfold[

] or eight. fold[

] or tenfold[

];in the mīmāṃsā- it is taught to be eternal)

śabdaga

mfn. uttering sounds

śabdagati

mfn. uttering sounds

śabdākṣara

n. the sacred syllable Om uttered aloud or audibly

śabdamaya

mf(ī-)n. sounding uttering, sounds

śabdarāśi

m. "collection of sounds or letters", the alphabet

śabdavat

mfn. uttering sounds, sounding, noisy

śābdika

mfn. sonorous, uttering a sound

śabdita

mfn. sounded, cried, uttered etc.

sābhiniveśa

mfn. having or attended with a great inclination or predilection for anything

sābhramatī

f. Name of a river flowing through Ahmedabad (commonly"Sabermattee")

sabhrātṛ

mfn. with a brother, attended by brethren

sabhrātṛka

mfn. with a brother, attended by brethren

sabhṛtya

mfn. attended by servants, with (the assistance of) servants

sabhūta

mfn. attended by demons

sacābhū

mfn. attended or accompanied by (instrumental case)

sacchāya

mf(ā-)n. having beautiful colours, glittering

saciva

m. especially a king's friend or attendant, counsellor, minister (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' = "assisted by","provided with")

etc.

sacivāmaya

m. a disease to which king's attendants are liable (said to be a kind of"jaundice")

sadābhavya

mfn. attentive

sādara

mf(ā-)n. considerate, attentive or devoted to (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), intent upon ( sādaram am-, ind."respectfully"etc.)

sadartha

m. a matter in question

ṣaḍgranthi

mfn. six-knotted

sādhanapattra

n. any written document used as evidence or proof

sādhutara

mfn. better than (ablative)

sādhya

n. an object to be accomplished, thing to be proved or established, matter in debate

sadman

m. a sitter, assessor, spectator

śādvala

mfn. (often written śāḍvala-; see

) abounding in fresh or green grass, grassy, verdant, green

śādvala

m. a bull

(written śāḍvala-).

sagajāroha

mfn. (id est,7. sa-+ g-) attended by men riding on elephants

sagaṇa

mfn. (s/a--) having troops or flocks, attended by followers, accompanied by (instrumental case)

etc.

sagara

m. Name of a king of the solar race, sovereign of ayodhyā- (son of bāhu-;he is said to have been called sa-gara-, as born together with a poison given to his mother by the other wife of his father;he was father of asamañja- by keśinī- and of sixty thousand sons by su-mati-;the latter were turned into a heap of ashes by the sage kapila- [see bhagīratha-],and their funeral ceremonies could only be performed by the waters of gaṅgā- to be brought from heaven for the purpose of purifying their remains;this was finally accomplished by the devotion of bhagīratha-, who having led the river to the sea, called it sāgara- in honour of his ancestor: sagara- is described as having subdued the śaka-s, yavana-s, and other barbarous tribes; plural"the sons of sagara-")

etc. (

)

saguṇavatī

f. Name of work (on the mystic power of the letters of the alphabet, ascribed to śaṃkarācārya-)

sahacarat

mfn. going with, accompanying, attending

sahāmātya

mfn. with a minister or councillor or councillor, attended by ministers

saharakṣa

(

) (sah/a--TS) m. one of the three kinds of sacrificial fire (that which receives the offering to the rākṣasa-s;the latter also, "a forest fire", L).

saharakṣas

(sah/a--TS) m. one of the three kinds of sacrificial fire (that which receives the offering to the rākṣasa-s;the latter also, "a forest fire", L).

sahārtha

m. accompanying or accessory matter

sahāsahākāram

ind. laughing and uttering the exclamation hā-

sahasra

mf(ī-)n. a thousandth or the thousandth (equals sahasra-tama-which is the better form; see

) .

sahasrabāhu

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

sahasrabuddhi

mfn. thousand-witted

sahasradhī

mfn. thousand-witted

sahasrapājas

(sah/asra--) mfn. glittering in a thousand ways

sahasrapāśa

mf(ā-)n. forming a thousand fetters

sahavīrya

n. fresh butter

sahavivakṣā

f. the intention to utter anything together or at once

sahāya

mfn. along with clarified butter

sahita

mf(ā-.)n. accompanied or attended by, associated or connected with, possessed of (instrumental case or compound)

etc.

sahodaya

mf(ā-)n. together with the following (words, letters etc.)

sahopadha

mfn. together with a penultimate sound or letter

śaiba

mfn. (also written śaiva-) inhabited by śibi-s

śaibya

mfn. (often written śaivya-) relating or belonging to the śibi-s

śailādi

m. (fr. idem or 'm. (fr. śilāda-) a patronymic ') patronymic of nandin- (one of śiva-'s attendants)

śailakampin

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

saindhavasarpis

n. clarified butter with salt

sairika

m. Name of a man (also written śairika-)

śaithilya

n. dilatoriness, inattention

śaiva

m. "a worshipper or follower of śiva-", Name of one of the three great divisions of modern Hinduism (the other two being the vaiṣṇava-s and śākta-s, qq. vv. ;the śaiva-s identify śiva--rather than brahmā- and viṣṇu--with the Supreme Being and are exclusively devoted to his worship, regarding him as the source and essence of the universe as well as its disintegrator and destroyer;the temples dedicated to him in his reproducing and vivifying character [as denoted by the liṅga- q.v ]are scattered all over India;the various sects of śaiva-s are described in

)

sajātaśaṃsa

m. a curse uttered by one's relatives

sājya

mfn. having clarified butter,

śaka

m. plural Name of a particular white-skinned tribe or race of people (in the legends which relate the contests between vasiṣṭha- and viśvāmitra- the śaka-s are fabled to have been produced by the Cow of vasiṣṭha-, from her sweat, for the destruction of viśvāmitra-'s army; in

, they are mentioned together with the pauṇḍraka-s, oḍra-s, draviḍa-s, kāmboja-s, javana-s or yavana-s, pārada-s, pahlava-s, cīna-s, kirāta-s, darada-s, and khaśa-s, described by

as degraded tribes of kṣatriya-s called after the districts in which they reside: according to the

,king sagara- attempted to rid his kingdom of these tribes, but did not succeed in destroying them all : they are sometimes regarded as the followers of śaka- or śāli-vāhana-, and are probably to be identified with the Tartars or Indo-Scythians [ Latin saca-]who overran India before the Aryans, and were conquered by the great vikramāditya- [q.v.]; they really seem to have been dominant in the north-west of India in the last century before and the first two centuries after the beginning of our era)

etc.

sākala

n. Name of a town in Madras (also written śākala-)

sakaṇḍu

mfn. attended with itching

sakaṇḍūka

mfn. attended with itching

śakāra

m. (for 2.See p.1045) the letter or sound śa-

śakāra

m. a king's brother-in-law through one of his inferior wives (especially in the drama represented as a foolish, frivolous, proud, low, and cruel man, such as is saṃsthānaka- in the mṛcchakaṭikā-, he speaks the dialect of the śaka-s id est śākārī-, which employs the sibilant ś-, exclusively;hence śakāra- according to to some, is for, " śa-kāra-", one who uses the letter śa-)

ṣakāra

m. the letter or sound ṣa-

sakāra

m. the sound or letter s-

sakaraṇaka

mf(ikā-)n. transmitted by means of an organ (of the body),

sakaṭuka

mfn. poignant, bitter, harsh (as speech)

sakha

m. attended or accompanied by (compound)

etc.

śākhācandranyāya

m. rule of the moon on a bough (a phrase denoting that an object seen or matter discussed has its position or relation assigned to it merely from theappearanceof contiguity)

sakhīsahita

mfn. attended by female friends

sakhīya

Nom. P. yati- (only p. y/at-), to seek the friendship of (instrumental case), attend or attach one's self as a friend

sakiṃkara

mfn. attended by servants

śākinī

f. (inī-) a kind of female demon attendant on durgā-

sakman

n. association, attendance

sākṣara

mf(ā-)n. containing syllables or letters

sākṣīkṛ

P. karoti-, to call to witness, cause to attest

sākṣitā

f. (

) the office of any legal witness, evidence, testimony, attestation.

sākṣiva

n. (

) the office of any legal witness, evidence, testimony, attestation.

sākṣya

n. testimony, evidence, attestation (aṃ-kṛ-,"to give evidence for")

sakta

mfn. committed or intrusted to (compound)

śakti

f. a particular configuration of stars and planets (when the latter are situated in the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th astrological house),

saktu

m. (or n. gaRa ardharcādi-;also written śaktu-) coarsely ground meal, grit, groats (especially of barley-meal)

saktuka

m. (also written śak-) a particular vegetable poison

śākuneya

mfn. composed or written by śakuni-

śakunikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant of skanda-

sākūta

mf(ā-)n. accurately, attentively

śakvarī

f. plural (wrongly written śakkarī-or śarkarī-) Name of particular verses or hymns (especially of the mahānāmnī- verses belonging to the śākvara-- sāman-)

śala

m. Name of bhṛṅgi- (one of śiva-'s attendants)

śāla

m. (also written sāla-), an enclosure, court, fence, rampart, wall

śāla

mn. (also written sāla-) gaRa ardharcādi-.

sāla

m. (often incorrectly written for 1. śāla-) the Sal tree

sālā

f. (generally written śālā-) a house (See niḥsāl/a-).

śalabhī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

śālakaṭaṅkaṭa

m. (also written śālaṅkaṭaṅk-) Name of a rākṣasa-

śālana

n. (also written sāl-) the resin of Vatica Robusta

śālaṅkāyana

m. (also written sāl-) patronymic fr. śalaṅka- gaRa nadādi-

śālaṅkāyana

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

śālāra

n. (also written sālāra-) a pin or peg projecting from a wall, bracket, shelf (see śalāka-).

salha

m. Name of a man (also written sahla-)

śālimañjari

m. Name of a ṛṣi-

(written sāli-m-).

śallakī

f. (also written sallakī-) a porcupine

śālmali

mf. one of the 7 dvīpa-s or great divisions of the known continent (so called from the above tree said to grow there;it is surrounded by the sea of ghee or clarified butter)

śālva

m. plural (also written sālva-; see śalva-) Name of a people

etc. (mfn."relating to the śalva-s" gaRa kacchādi-)

salva

m. plural Name of a people (also written śalva-)

śālveya

m. plural (also written sāl-) Name of a people

śālvika

m. (also written sāl-) a kind of bird

śalyakarttṛ

m. "cutter or remover of splinters", a surgeon

sam

ind. (connected with 7. sa-and 2. sama-,and opp. to 3. vi- q.v) with, together with, along with, together, altogether (used as a preposition or prefix to verbs and verbal derivatives, like Greek , Latin con,and expressing"conjunction","union","thoroughness","intensity","completeness" exempli gratia, 'for example' saṃyuj-,"to join together"; saṃ-dhā-,"to place together"; saṃ-dhi-,"placing together"; saṃ-tap-,"to consume utterly by burning"; sam-uccheda-,"destroying altogether, complete destruction";in Vedic or Veda the verb connected with it has sometimes to be supplied, exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpo agn/im yaś/asaḥ s/aṃ h/i pūrv/īih-,"for many glorious waters surrounded agni-";it is sometimes prefixed to nouns in the sense of 2. sama-,"same"; confer, compare samartha-)

samabhī

( -abhi-i-) P. -abhy-eti-, to go towards, come near, approach

etc. ; to accrue to (accusative)

; to follow, attend, wait upon

samabhirañj

A1. or Passive voice -rajyate-, to be reddened, appeared, flash, glitter

samabhisaṃdhā

cl.1. P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to place or put into (locative case)

; to aim at, strive after, determine on (accusative)

samabhyādā

A1. -datte-, to comprehend

samācarita

mfn. practised, performed, done, committed

samācīrṇa

mfn. performed, done, practised, committed

samādā

P. A1. -dadāti-, -datte-, (P.) to give, bestow, present

; to give back, restore

; (A1.) to take away fully or entirely, take away with one, accept, receive

etc. ; to take out or away, remove, with draw

; to take hold of. grasp, seize

; to gather, collect

; to apprehend, perceive, comprehend, find out

; to take to heart, reflect on

; to undertake, begin (with vacanam-,or vākyam-,"a speech")

: Causal -dāpayati-, to establish

; to instigate (See sam-ādāpaka-etc.)

samādhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to place or put or hold or fix together

etc. ; to compose, set right, repair, put in order, arrange, redress, restore

; to put to, add, put on (especially fuel on the fire)

; to kindle, stir (fire)

; to place, set, lay, fix, direct, settle, adjust (with astram-,"to adjust an arrow";with garbham-,"to impregnate";with savituḥ-,"to lay in the sun";with dṛṣṭim-, cittam-, cetas-, matim-, manas-,"to direct or fix the eyes or mind upon [ locative case ]";with matim-,"to settle in one's mind, resolve","make up one's mind"[followed by iti-];with ātmānam-,or manas-,"to collect the thoughts or concentrate the mind in meditation etc.";without an accusative - "to be absorbed in meditation or prayer")

etc. ; to impose upon (locative case)

; to entrust or commit to (locative case)

; to establish in (locative case)

; to effect, cause, produce

; (in the following meanings only A1.) to take to or upon one's self. conceive (in the womb), put on (a garment or dress), assume (a shape), undergo (effort), show, exhibit, display

etc. ; to devote one's self entirely to, give one's self up to (accusative)

etc. (once in

P.) ; to lay down as settled, settle, establish, prove, declare,

; to admit, grant

: Desiderative -dhitsati-, to wish to put together, desire to collect the thoughts

samādhāna

n. intentness, attention (accusative with kṛ-,"to attend") , eagerness

samādheya

mfn. to be granted or admitted

samādhi

m. intense application or fixing the mind on, intentness, attention (dhiṃ-kṛ-,"to attend")

etc.

samādhi

m. of a vaiśya-

(according to to

also "silence;a religious vow of intense devotion or self-imposed abstraction;support, upholding;continuance;perseverance in difficulties;attempting impossibilities;collecting or laying up grain in times of dearth")

samādhimat

mfn. attentive

samādhūta

mfn. ( dhū-) driven away, dispersed, scattered

sāmagrī

f. (fr. sam-agra-) totality, entirety, completeness, (especially) a complete collection or assemblage of implements or materials, apparatus, baggage, goods and chattels, furniture, effects

samāhita

mfn. granted, admitted, recognised, approved

samāhita

n. great attention or intentness

samāhitamati

mfn. one who has an attentive mind

samākṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter or pour or strew over, cover or fill with anything

samākṣip

P. A1. -kṣipati-, te-, to throw together, heap or pile up

; to thrust or throw away, hurl

; to move violently, toss about (lips, arms etc.)

; to send forth, utter (words)

; to drive away, expel

; to throw down from, tear off

; to take away, withdraw

; to destroy, annihilate

; to insult, mock, ridicule

; to hint at, suggest, indicate

samala

n. (see śamala-) excrement, feculent matter, ordure

samāloc

P. -locayati-, to look at attentively, consider well or thoroughly

(varia lectio)

samālok

P. -lokayati-, to look at attentively, inspect, view, behold, regard

etc. ; to consider or acknowledge as (two accusative)

sāman

n. the faculty of uttering sounds (?)

(Scholiast or Commentator)

samāna

mf(/ī-,or ā-)n. having the same place or organ of utterance, homogeneous (as a sound or letter)

samānadakṣiṇa

mfn. attended with an equal reward,

samānakaraṇa

mfn. having the same organ of utterance (said of a sound)

samanujñāna

mfn. entirely acquiesced in, permitted, allowed

samanvāgata

mfn. ( gam-) attended by, furnished or provided with (compound)

sāmarthya

n. efficacy, power, strength, force (āt-,or -tas-or -yogāt-,"through the force of circumstances","by reason of.","in consequence of","on account of.""as a matter of course")

samarya

mfn. (for sam-ary/a-See sam-ri-) attended by many persons, frequented (as a sacrificial ceremony)

samarya

mfn. attended by (his) followers (said of indra-)

samās

A1. -āste- (pr. p. -āsīna- q.v), to sit together, sit or assemble round (accusative)

; to sit, be seated

; to sit or abide in (locative case)

; to hold a council, deliberate

; to practise, observe (accusative)

; to behave like (iva-), resemble

; to be dejected or low-spirited

; to mind, attend to, acknowledge

; to be a match for, cope with (accusative)

samāsakta

mfn. committed or entrusted to (locative case)

samāskanna

mfn. scattered over (equals viprakīrṇa-)

samaśreṇi

f. a straight line ( samaśreṇigata -gata- mfn."written in straight lines"[as letters])

samastavastuviṣaya

mfn. relating to the whole matter

samāsthita

mfn. one who has entered upon or submitted to (as slavery etc.)

samātṛcakravāla

mfn. attended by the whole circle of divine mātṛ-s

samavadhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to lay or put together

samavadhāna

n. great attention

samavakṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter completely over, cover entirely, overwhelm with

samāvap

P. -vapati-, to sow or scatter together, mix up together, throw in together

: Causal -vāpayati- idem or 'P. -vadati-, to speak with certainty, state, declare '

samayapada

n. plural any matters or points agreed upon

samāyukta

mfn. entrusted, committed

sāmba

m. (also written śāmba-) Name of a son of kṛṣṇa- and jāmbavatī- (in consequence of the curse of some holy sages who had been deceived by a female disguise which he had assumed, he was condemned to produce offspring in the shape of a terrific iron club for the destruction of the race of vṛṣṇi- and andhaka-;he is said to have been instructed by nārada- in the worship of the sun, and by vyāsa- in the ritual of the Magi)

sāmba

mfn. attended by ambā- (q.v),

śambala

m. n. (also -written sambala-,or saṃ-vala- q.v) provender or provisions for a journey, stock for travelling

sambhagna

mfn. broken to pieces, shattered, dispersed, routed, defeated

śambhala

m. (also written sambhala-) Name of a town (situated between the rathaprā- and Ganges, and identified by some with Sambhal in Moradabad;the town or district of śambhala- is fabled to be the place where kalki-, the last incarnation of viṣṇu-, is to appear in the family of a Brahman named viṣṇu-yaśas-)

sambhañj

P. -bhanakti-, to break to pieces, shatter, shiver

sambhid

P. A1. -bhinatti-, -bhintte-, to break to pieces, split or break completely asunder, pierce, hurt

etc. ; to bring into contact, combine, join, mingle

etc. ; to associate with (accusative)

sambhojaka

m. one who serves food, attendant at a meal (perhaps"a cook")

sambhrama

m. Name of a class of beings attending on śiva-

sambubodhayiṣu

mfn. (fr. Desiderative of Causal) wishing to arouse or make attentive

saṃcakṣ

A1. -caṣṭe- (perfect tense parasmE-pada cakṣāṇa-;Ved. infinitive mood -c/akṣe-and -c/akṣi-), to look attentively at, observe, notice, consider, survey, examine, reflect upon

; to enumerate

; to report or relate fully

; to call, name

; to avoid, shun (Aorist sam acakṣiṣṭa-)

(see ava--and pari-saṃcakṣya-).

saṃcāraka

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

saṃcāraṇīya

mfn. to be transmitted or transferred to (locative case)

saṃcārapatha

m. (in dramatic language) a female attendant on a king (equals yavanī-)

saṃcārikā

f. a female servant to whom is entrusted the principal care (of money matters etc.)

saṃcārin

mfn. going or passing from one to another, transmitted, infectious, contagious, hereditary (as a disease)

saṃcārita

mfn. transmitted, communicated (as a disease)

saṃchid

P. A1. -chinatti-, -chintte-, to cut to pieces, cut through, pierce, split, destroy

etc. ; to remove, resolve (a doubt)

; to decide, settle (a question)

: Passive voice -chidyate-, to be cut to pieces etc.

saṃcita

mfn. fitted or provided with, full of (compound)

saṃdā

P. A1. -dadāti-, -datte-, to give together, present, grant, bestow

; to hold together

; (A1.or Passive voice) to meet

saṃdah

P. A1. -dahati-, te-, to burn together, burn up, consume by fire, destroy utterly

etc. ; (A1.) to be burnt up, be consumed

: Passive voice -dahyate-, to be burnt up

; to burn, glow

; to be distressed or grieved, pine away

: Causal -dāhayati-, to cause to burn up

: Desiderative See saṃ-didhakṣu-.

saṃdāna

m. the part under the knee of an elephant where the fetter is fastened (also -bhāga-)

saṃdāna

m. a bond, halter, fetter

saṃdānita

mfn. bound together, tied, fettered

saṃdaṣṭa

mfn. bitten, compressed, pressed closely together, pinched, nipped

etc.

saṃdātṛ

mfn. one who ties up or fetters

saṃdhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte- (Epic 1. plural proper -dadhāmahe- equals -dadhmahe-; pr.p. -dhāna-= -dadhāna-; infinitive mood -dhitum- equals -dhātum-), to place or hold or put or draw or join or fasten or fix or sew together, unite (with akṣīṇi-,"to close the eyes";with vraṇam-,"to heal a wound";with manas-,"to compose the mind";with mitr/a-dhitāni-,"to conclude an alliance";with vācam-,"to hold or interchange conversation"), to combine, connect with (instrumental case)

etc. ; (A1.) to bring together, reconcile

; to be reconciled, agree with (instrumental case,rarely accusative),

etc. ; to mend, restore, redress

etc. ; to lay down on or in (locative case), fix on (especially an arrow on a bow, with instrumental case or with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' dhanuḥ śareṇa-,or śaraṃ dhanuṣi-,"to take aim";generally A1.)

; (A1.) to direct towards (tataḥ-)

; to aim at (?)

; to involve in (locative case)

; to confer on (locative case), grant, yield, bestow (with nāma-and genitive case,"to give a name to"; A1.with śraddhām-and locative case,"to place credence in";with sāhāyyam-,"to afford assistance")

etc. ; to cause, inflict

; (A1.) to be a match for, hold out against (accusative)

; to comprehend

; (A1.) to use, employ (instrumental case)

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be put together or joined or connected etc. ; to be placed or held in (locative case)

; to become possessed of (instrumental case)

: Desiderative -dhitsati-, to wish to place or join together, desire to repair

saṃdhi

m. euphonic junction of final and initial letters in grammar (every sentence in Sanskrit being regarded as a euphonic chain, a break in which occurs at the end of a sentence and is denoted by a virāma- or avasāna-,"stop";this euphonic coalition causing modifications of the final and initial letters of the separate words of a sentence and in the final letters of roots and stems when combined with terminations to form such words)

saṃdhigupta

n. an artificial sentence in which (by euphonic changes of letters) the meaning is hidden

saṃdhiteṣu

mfn. having an arrow fitted on a bow-string

saṃdhū

P. A1. -dhūnoti-, nute-, (P.) to scatter or distribute liberally, bestow on (dative case)

; (A1.) to seize or carry off

saṃdigdhākṣara

mfn. having indistinct utterance

saṃdigdhārtha

m. a doubtful or disputed matter

saṃdīpanavat

mfn. containing inflammable matter

saṃduṣ

P. -duṣyati-, to become utterly corrupt or polluted or unclean

: Causal -dūṣayati- (ind.p. -dūṣya-), to corrupt, vitiate, defile, stain, spoil

; to revile, abuse, censure, expose to shame or infamy

saṃdūṣita

mfn. (fr. idem or 'mf(ī-)n. defiling, disgracing (genitive case) ') utterly corrupted or vitiated or spoiled

sameḍī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda- (see bheḍī-)

saṃgata

mfn. fitted together, apposite, proper, suitable, according with or fit for (compound)

saṃghapuruṣa

m. an attendant on the Buddhist brotherhood

saṃghaṭ

A1. -ghaṭate-, to assemble together, meet

; to meet, encounter

: Causal -ghāṭayati-, to cause to assemble, collect

; to join or fasten together

; to strike (a musical instrument)

: Intensive -jāghaṭīti-, to be well fitted or adapted for anything

saṃghāta

m. any aggregate of matter, body

saṃghāta

m. a vowel with its consonant (opp. to varṇa-,"a letter"),

saṃghṛṣ

P. -gharṣati-, to rub together or against each other, contend or vie with (instrumental case)

: Passive voice -ghṛṣyate-, to be rubbed or wetted (as a sword)

; (pr. p. -ghṛṣyat-), to be brought or come into collision, vie or rival with (also with paras-param-)

saṃgrathita

mfn. strung or tied or knotted together

saṃguptārtha

m. a secret matter, hidden meaning

saṃguptārtha

mfn. having a hidden meaning ( saṃguptalekha -lekha- m.a letter having a hidden meaning)

saṃhan

P. -hanti-, (ind.p. -hatya- q.v), to strike or put together, join, shut, close (eyes, wings, hands)

etc. ; to beat together, make solid

; to put together id est frame, fabricate

; (A1.) to rush together (in battle), meet, encounter (instrumental case)

; (jighnate-), to meet as a friend (instrumental case)

; (P.) to break, crush, kill, destroy

: Passive voice -hanyate-, to be put together or joined, join, unite (intr.)

; to become compact or solid

: Causal -ghātayati-, to strike together, kill, destroy utterly

saṃhata

mfn. accompanied or attended by (instrumental case)

saṃhāta

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

saṃhitā

f. (in gram.) the junction or combination of letters according to euphonic rules (equals saṃdhi-,but sometimes considered rather as the state preparatory to the actual junction than the junction itself)

saṃhiteṣu

mfn. one who has fitted or placed an arrow on a bow-string

saṃhrādana

mfn. uttering loud sounds

samīka

n. (sometimes written śamīka-) Name of a ṛṣi-

samīrita

mfn. sent forth, uttered (as a sound)

śamita

mfn. relaxed, intermitted

śamitṛ

m. a killer, slaughterer, cutter up (of a slaughtered victim), preparer, dresser

samitra

mfn. attended by a friend, along with friends

saṃjalp

P. -jalpati- (pr. p. -jalpat-,or pamāna-), to speak or talk together, converse, chatter

saṃjalpa

m. talking together, conversation, chattering, uproar, confusion

saṃjalpita

mfn. spoken together, spoken, uttered

saṃjātapāśa

mfn. one who has become fettered by (compound)

saṃjāvana

n. (perhaps for saṃ-yāvana-) pouring a little buttermilk into warm milk

śāṃkarī

f. śiva-'s arrangement of the letters, the śiva-sūtra-

saṃkasuka

mfn. (fr. sam-+1. kas-;often written saṃkusuka-,or śaṃkusuka-) splitting, crumbling up (applied to agni- as the destroyer of the body)

sāṃkhya

n. (according to to some also m.) Name of one of the three great divisions of Hindu philosophy (ascribed to the sage kapila- [ q.v ], and so called either from"discriminating", in general, or, more probably, from"reckoning up"or"enumerating"twenty-five tattva-s [See tattva-]or true entities [twenty-three of which are evolved out of prakṛti-"the primordial Essence"or"first-Producer"], viz. buddhi-, ahaṃkāra-, the five tan-mātra-s, the five mahā-bhūta-s and manas-;the twenty-fifth being puruṣa- or Spirit [sometimes called Soul] which is neither a Producer nor Production [see vikāra-],but wholly distinct from the twenty-four other tattva-s,and is multitudinous, each separate puruṣa- by its union with prakṛti- causing a separate creation out of prakṛti-, the object of the philosophy being to effect the final liberation of the puruṣa- or Spirit from the fetters caused by that creation;the yoga- [ q.v ] branch of the sāṃkhya- recognizes a Supreme Spirit dominating each separate puruṣa-;the tantra-s identify prakṛti- with the wives of the gods, especially with the wife of śiva-;the oldest systematic exposition of the sāṃkhya- seems to have been by an author called pañca-śikha- [the germ, however, being found in the ṣaṣṭi-tantra-, of which only scanty fragments are extant];the original sūtra-s were superseded by the sāṃkhya-kārikā- of īśvara-kṛṣṇa-, the oldest manual on the sāṃkhya- system that has come down to us and probably written in the 5th century A.D., while the sāṃkhya-- sūtra-s or śiva-pravacana- and tattva-samāsa-, ascribed to the sage kapila-, are now thought to belong to as late a date as the 14th or 15th century or perhaps a little later)

etc.

sāṃkhyasūtra

n. Name of six books of aphorisms of the sāṃkhya- philosophy (ascribed to kapila-, but prob. written in the 14th or 15th century A.D.)

saṃkīrṇa

mfn. scattered, strewed, spread, diffused

saṃkrama

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

saṃlapana

n. the act of talking or chattering together

sāmmukhya

n. care for, attention to (compound)

sāṃnāyya

n. (fr. saṃ-nī-) any, substance mixed with clarified butter etc. and offered as a burnt offering or oblation, (especially) a particular offering of the agni-hotṛ-s (said to consist of milk taken from a cow on the evening of the new moon, mixed on the next day with other milk and offered with clarified butter)

saṃnidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put or place down near together, put down near or into, deposit in (locative case), place or put upon, direct towards (with or without dṛṣṭim-,"to fix the eyes upon";with manas-,or hṛdayam-,"to fix or direct the mind or thoughts")

etc. ; to place together, collect, pile up

; (A1.) to appoint to (locative case)

; (A1.) to be present in, be found with (locative case)

; (A1.or Passive voice -dhīyate-) to be put together in the same place, be near or present or imminent

etc.: Causal -dhāpayati-, to bring near, make present or manifest, represent

: Passive voice of Causal -dhāpyate-, to appear or become manifested in the presence of (genitive case)

sāṃnidhya

n. (fr. saṃ-nidhi-) the being near, nearness, vicinity, presence, attendance (accusative with kṛ-,"to make one's appearance, be or become present";with Causal of kṛ-,"to cause to be near, call near";with yā-,or vraj-"to come near, approach"; -pakṣe-jan-with genitive case,"to take the place of")

saṃnipāta

m. utter collapse, death, destruction

saṃnirvap

P. -vapati-, to scatter about, distribute, dispense

saṃniṣevya

mfn. to be attended to or treated medically

saṃnisṛṣṭa

mfn. ( sṛj-) delivered up or over, intrusted, committed

saṃniveśita

mfn. imposed, committed, intrusted

(varia lectio)

samodaka

n. a mixture of half buttermilk and half water

samparicar

P. -carati-, to attend on, serve

samparistṛ

to scatter all round,

sampaś

P. A1. -paśyati-, te- (occurring only in present; see saṃ-dṛś-), to see at the same time, survey (A1."to look at each other", also ="to be together")

; to see, behold, perceive, recognize (yasya sam-paśyataḥ-,"before whose eyes")

etc. ; to look at, inspect, review

; to see id est admit into one's presence, receive

; to look upon as, regard as, (two accusative)

; to attend to, ponder, consider

etc. ; to count over or up, calculate, recapitulate

sampiṣ

P. -pinaṣṭi-, to grind or rub together, pound or crush to pieces, shatter, destroy, kill

sampiṣṭa

mfn. crushed or broken to pieces, pounded, bruised, shattered, destroyed

sampracchid

( chid-) P. A1. -cchinatti-, -cchintte- to cut or split to pieces, cut through

sampradā

P. A1. -dadāti-, -datte-, (ind.p. -dāyam-), to give completely up or deliver wholly over, surrender, give (also in marriage)

etc. ; to transmit, hand down by tradition, impart, teach

; to grant, bestow

: Causal -dāpayati-, to cause to give over or transmit

: Desiderative -ditsati-, to wish to give over

sampradātavya

mfn. to be given or delivered over or transmitted

sampradatta

mfn. given over, imparted, transmitted, handed down

sampradāya

m. tradition, established doctrine transmitted from one teacher to another, traditional belief or usage

etc.

sampradūṣaṇa

n. utter deterioration, corruption

samprakāś

A1. -kāśate-, to become manifest, be visible, appear ; to shine, glitter

: Causal -kāśayati-, to illuminate, make manifest, discover

sampralāpa

m. talk, chatter

sampramoha

m. utter bewilderment, embarrassment, infatuation

sampramucya

ind. having abandoned or quitted, being quite free from (ablative)

sampramūḍha

mfn. utterly bewildered or confused, perplexed, embarrassed

sampraṇidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to leave behind in (locative case)

; to put aside, disregard

sampraśna

m. asking, inquiring about (compound), inquiry, question (praśno'tra na vidyate-,"there is here no question, it is a matter of course")

etc.

sampratiśru

(only ind.p. -śrutya-), to listen attentively to, assent, promise

: Causal -śrāvayati-, to make to promise or repeat a promise, remind of a promise

sampratīta

mfn. thoroughly ascertained or admitted, well known, renowned

sampravad

P. A1. -vadati-, te- (Ved. infinitive mood -vaditos-), to pronounce aloud

; (P.) to utter cries together, sing together

; (A1.) to talk or converse together

; Causal vādayati- See below.

samprokṣita

mfn. well sprinkled or wetted (especially with holy water), consecrated

saṃrodhana

n. fettering, confining

saṃruc

A1. rocate-, to shine together or at the same time or in rivalry

; to shine, beam, glitter

: Causal -rocayati-, to find pleasure in (accusative), like, approve, choose anything for (two accusative), resolve on (infinitive mood)

saṃrugṇa

mfn. broken to pieces, shattered

saṃruj

P. -rujati-, to break to pieces, shatter, crush

śaṃs

cl.1 P. (

) ś/aṃsati- (mc. also A1.; perfect tense śaśaṃsa-, se-

etc.; śaṃsuḥ-, sire-

; parasmE-pada śaṃsivas- q.v; Aorist aśaṃsīt-

etc., etc.: subjunctive śaṃsiṣat-

;2. plural śasta-

; śastāt-

;1. sg. śaṃsi-

; preceding śasyāt-. grammar; future śaṃsitā-

; śaṃsiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood śaṃsitum-

; -śase-

; indeclinable parasmE-pada śastv/ā-, -śasya-, -śaṃsam-

etc.; -śaṃsya-

), to recite, repeat (especially applied to the recitation of texts in the invocations addressed by the hotṛ- to the adhvaryu-, when śaṃs-is written śoṃs-and the formulas śoṃsāmas-, śoṃsāvas-, śoṃsāva-are used;See 2. ā-hāva-)

; to praise, extol

etc. ; to praise, commend, approve

; to vow, make a vow (?)

; to wish anything (accusative) to (dative case)

to relate, say, tell, report, declare, announce to (genitive case or dative case;"who or where anybody is" accusative;also with two acc, "to declare anybody or anything to be-")

etc. ; to foretell, predict, prognosticate

etc. ; to calumniate, revile

; to hurt, injure

; to be unhappy

: Passive voice śasy/ate-, to be recited or uttered or praised or approved

etc. etc.: Causal śaṃsayati- (Aorist aśaśaṃsat-), to cause to repeat or recite

; to predict, foretell

: Desiderative śiśaṃsiṣati- grammar : Intensive śāśasyate-, śāśaṃsti-

[ confer, compare Latin carmenforcasmen;casme1nacame1na;censeo.]

śaṃsā

f. praise, flattery, eulogium

śaṃsā

f. speech, utterance, announcement

śāṃśapāyanaka

mf(ikā-)n. written or composed by śāṃśapāyana-

saṃsārabandhana

n. the bonds or fetters of the world

saṃśaya

m. a doubtful matter

saṃsev

A1. -sevate-, to be associated with (used in explaining1. sac-)

; to frequent, inhabit

; to wait upon, attend on, serve, honour, worship, salute deferentially

etc. ; to refresh, fan (said, of the wind)

; to court, fondle (carnally)

; to be addicted or devoted to, use or employ or practise or perform continually

saṃsevā

f. attendance, reverence, worship

śaṃsin

mfn. (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') reciting, uttering, announcing, telling, relating, betraying, predicting, promising

saṃśiñj

A1. -śiṅkte-, to utter a shrill sound

: Causal -śiñjayati-, to clash together (trans.)

saṃśita

mfn. (often wrongly written śaṃsita-or saṃsita-) whetted, sharpened

saṃsodhya

mfn. to be paid or acquitted (as a debt)

saṃsphur

A1. -sphurate-, to dash or strike together

; to twinkle, glitter

saṃsrāva

m. accumulation of matter etc.

saṃsrāvaṇa

n. spitting out

(Scholiast or Commentator;written siṃ-śr-)

saṃsṛṣṭa

mfn. brought forth or born together (as a litter of animals)

saṃśru

P. A1. -śṛṇoti-, -śṛṇute-, to hear or hear from (exempli gratia, 'for example' mukhāt-,"from any one's mouth") , attend or listen attentively to (accusative)

etc. ; to assent, promise (locative case or dative case)

; (A1.) to be distinctly heard or audible

(see

Va1rtt. 2

) : Passive voice -śrūyate-, to be heard or talked about or read about (yathā saṃśrūyate-,"as people say"or, as we read in books)

: Causal -śrāvayati-, to cause to hear or to be heard, proclaim, announce (nāma-,"one's name") , relate or report anything (accusative) to any one (accusative or dative case)

; to read out (See saṃ-śrāviśa-) ; to make resound

saṃstara

m. a scattered mass (of flowers etc.)

saṃstara

m. scattering, strewing (varia lectio for -staraṇa-)

saṃstīrṇa

mfn. strewn, scattered

saṃsūcana

n. manifesting, uttering

saṃśuddha

mfn. acquitted (of a crime)

śāṃtanava

mf(ī-)n. written or composed by śaṃtanu-

saṃtānikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śaṃtanu

m. (also written śāṃtanu-) Name of an ancient king with the patronymic kauravya- (he was fourteenth descendant of kuru-, son of pratīpa- and younger brother of devāpi-, and usurped the sovereignty whilst the latter became a hermit;he married gaṅgā- and satya-vatī-;by the former he had a son named bhīṣma-, and by the latter citrāṅgada- and vicitravīrya- see

)

etc.

saṃtanu

m. Name of a youth attending on rādhā-

saṃtāpana

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

saṃtarjana

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

saṃtṛd

P. A1. -tṛṇatti-, -tṛntte-, to fasten or tie together by means of a perforation (through which a peg or pin is passed)

; to hollow out, perforate (See below) .

samuccar

(-ud-- car-) P. -carati-, to go out together

; to go up, be borne upwards, ascend

; to utter, pronounce, repeat

: Causal -cārayati-, to utter sounds together, talk together

samuccāra

m. utterance, pronunciation,

samuccāraṇa

n. (fr. Causal) simultaneous utterance or pronunciation

samuccheda

m. utter destruction, extermination

samucchid

(-ud-chid-) P. A1. -chinatti-, -chintte-, to cut up or off completely, tear up, uproot, exterminate, destroy utterly

samucchinna

mfn. torn up, uprooted, eradicated, utterly destroyed, lost

samucchitti

f. cutting off completely, utter destruction

samudāharaṇa

n. declaring, uttering

samudāhṛ

P. -harati-, to utter together, pronounce, declare

samuddhṛ

( -ud-hṛ-) P. A1. -uddharati-, te-, to take quite out, draw well out, extract from (ablative)

etc. ; to root out, extirpate, exterminate, destroy utterly

; to rescue, save, deliver from (ablative)

; to lift, hold up

; to pick up (a coin)

; to raise up, strengthen, restore

; to divide,

: Desiderative See sam-uj-jihīrṣu- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order)

samudgīrṇa

mfn. uttered, exclaimed (in these senses perhaps fr.1-, grī-)

samudīkṣ

A1. -īkṣate-, to look up at, look at attentively, perceive, observe

; to have regard or respect for (accusative)

samudīr

Caus. -īrayati-, to drive out, expel

; to raise (dust)

; to hurl, throw

; to utter, speak, declare

samudīraṇa

n. raising the voice, uttering pronouncing, reciting

samudīrita

mfn. (fr. Causal) set in motion, raised, uttered, pronounced

samudra

m. (n.only

; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-). see udr/a-, an-udr/a-;for sa-mudra-See)"gathering together of waters", the sea, ocean (in veda- also"the aerial waters","atmospheric ocean or sky"[ see

];in

,seven circular concentric [elsewhere 3 or 4] oceans are named, viz. lavaṇa-,"salt-water"; ikṣu-,"syrup"; surā-,"wine"; ghṛta-,"clarified butter"; dadhi-,"curds"; dugdha-,"milk"; jala-,"fresh water";in later language the Ocean is often personified as king of the rivers)

etc.

samudraraśana

mf(ā-)n. (also written -ras-) sea-girdled (said of the earth)

samudronmādana

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

samūlaghātam

ind. with utter extirpation (with han-,"to destroy utterly")

samullas

(-ud-las-) P. -lasati-, to shine forth, gleam, glitter

; to break forth, appear

; to sound, resound

: Causal -lāsayati-, to cause to jump or sport, exhilarate, make glad

samullāsin

mfn. shining forth, glittering

samunmūl

(ud-mūl-) P. -mūlayati-, to uproot or eradicate completely, exterminate or destroy utterly

samunmūlana

n. the act of uprooting or eradicating completely, utter destruction, extermination

samunnaddha

mfn. unfettered, loosened

samupācar

P. -carati-, to attend, wait on, treat (medically)

; to practise, attend to, be intent upon (accusative)

samupacāra

m. attention, homage

samupādā

A1. -datte- (ind.p. -dāya- q.v), to gain, receive, acquire

; to take away from, deprive of.

; to collect, heap together

; to assume, put on

samupadhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put together, construct, create, produce

samupalakṣ

P. A1. -lakṣayati-, te-, to look at or observe attentively

; to see, perceive

samutkhan

P. A1. -khanati-, te- (ind.p. -khāya-), to dig up by the roots

; to eradicate, exterminate or destroy utterly

; to draw forth, draw (a sword)

samutkṣip

P: A1. -kṣipati-, te-, to throw or raise or lift up

; to throw or scatter about, throw aside, loosen

; to liberate

; to waste, destroy

samutpanna

mfn. sprung up together, arisen, produced, begotten by (ablative) or on (locative case), occurred, happened, taking place

samutsad

Caus. -sādayati-, to destroy utterly, overturn, overthrow

samutsanna

mfn. utterly destroyed See samucchanna-.

samutsṛj

P. -sṛjati-, to pour out or send forth together, hurl, throw, shoot oft (arrows)

; to give forth, emit, discharge (urine etc.), shed (tears), utter (a curse etc.)

etc. ; to leave or abandon or completely put aside, put off or down, throw into (locative case)

; to let loose, release

; to give up, renounce (together or at the same time)

etc. ; to deliver over, Present to (dative case), give

saṃvañc

P. -vañcati-, to totter, stagger, waver

saṃvap

cl.1 P. A1. -vapati-, le-, to throw together, mix, pour in

; to scatter, sow

saṃvara

m. (often written and confounded with śambara-) a dam, mound, bridge

sāṃvarta

mfn. written or composed by saṃ-varta-

saṃvarya

Nom. P. yati- (usually written sambarya-), to bring together gaRa khoṇḍvādi-.

saṃvid

cl.2 P. A1. -vetti-, -vitte-, (3. plural -vidate-,or -vidrate-

), to know together, know thoroughly, know, recognize

etc. ; to perceive, feel, taste

; to come to an understanding, agree with, approve (accusative)

: Causal -vedayati-, to cause to know or perceive

; to make known, declare

; to know, perceive

: Causal See saṃ-vedita-.

saṃvidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to dispose, arrange, settle, fix, determine, prescribe

; to direct, order

; to carry on, conduct, manage, attend to, mind

etc. ; to use, employ

; to make use of. act or proceed with (instrumental case)

; (with mānasam-) to keep the mind fixed or composed, be in good spirits

; to make, render (two accusative)

; to set, put, lay, place

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be disposed or arranged etc.

: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to dispose or manage

saṃvīkṣ

( vi-īkṣ-) A1. -vīṣate- to look about, look at attentively, see, perceive

saṃvīta

mfn. unseen id est connived at, permitted by (compound)

saṃyam

P. -yacchati- (rarely A1.), to hold together, hold in, hold fast, restrain, curb, suppress, control, govern, guide (horses, the senses, passions)

etc. ; to tie up, bind together (hair or a garment)

etc. ; to put together, heap up (A1."for one's self")

; to shut up, close (a door)

; to press close to or against

; to present with, give to (A1.with instrumental case of person, when the action is permitted P.with dative case,when the action is not permitted)

: Causal -yamayati- (see -yamita-), to cause to restrain etc. ; to bind up (the hair)

saṃyama

m. binding, fettering

saṃyamana

n. confinement, fetter

saṃyaminī

f. Name of yama-'s residence (also written saṃ-yamanī- q.v)

saṃyamita

mfn. bound, confined, fettered

saṃyata

mfn. tied together, bound up, fettered, confined, imprisoned, captive

etc.

saṃyatta

mfn. (plural) come into conflict (saṃgrām/e s/oṃ-yatte-,"at the outbreak of war")

saṃyuj

P. A1. -yunakti-, -yuṅkte-, to join or attach together, conjoin, connect, combine, unite

etc. ; to bind, fetter

; to endow or furnish with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to form an alliance, league together

; to place in, fix on, direct towards (locative case)

: Passive voice -yujyate-, to be joined together, be united etc. ; to meet or fall in with (instrumental case)

; to be married to (instrumental case)

; (with ratyā-,or grāmyadharmatayā-) to have sexual intercourse

; to be supplied or furnished with (instrumental case)

etc.: Causal -yojayati-, to cause to join together, bring together, unite

; to put to (horses), yoke, harness

; to hold together, check, control (the senses)

(varia lectio) ; to furnish or endow or present with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to give over to, entrust with (genitive case of Persian and accusative of thing)

; to add to (locative case)

; to fix on, direct towards (locative case)

; to shoot, discharge (a missile)

; to equip (an army)

; to use, employ, appoint

; to institute, perform, accomplish

; (A1.) to be absorbed, meditate

saṃyukta

mfn. accompanied or attended by, endowed or furnished with, full of (instrumental case or compound)

etc.

saṃyuktākṣara

n. a conjunct letter,

saṃyuta

mfn. joined or bound together, tied, fettered

sānanda

m. Name of a youth attendant on rādhā-

sanarmahāsa

mfn. attended with merry laughter (as a speech),

sanātana

m. a guest of deceased ancestors, one who must always be fed whenever he attends śrāddha-s

sanavanīta

mfn. along with fresh butter

ṣaṇḍa

mn. (often written khaṇḍa-,also varia lectio or wrong reading for śaṇḍa-, ṣaṇḍha-,and saṇḍa-) a group of trees or plants, wood, thicket (always in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see vana-and vṛkṣa-ṣ-)

ṣaṇḍha

m. (often wrongly written ṣaṇḍa-, śaṇḍa-, saṇḍha-) a eunuch, hermaphrodite (14 or even 20 classes are enumerated by some writers)

etc.

sāṅgāraka

mfn. attended by the planet Mars

śāṇī

f. ragged or torn raiment, the tattered clothes of a Jain ascetic

saniṣṭhīva

mfn. accompanied with emission of saliva or sputtering, sputtered (as speech)

(according to to

also -ṇiṣṭheva-).

śāṇita

mfn. sharpened on a grindstone, whetted, ground

śānita

mfn. (see śāṇita-) whetted, sharpened (Comparative degree -tara-)

śānīya

mfn. to be whetted or sharpened

śaṅkā

f. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) apprehension, care, alarm, fear, distrust, suspicion of (ablative locative case,or prati-with accusative,or compound; brahma-hatyā-kṛtā śaṅkā-,"the fear of having committed the murder of a Brahman"

; pāpa-śaṅkā na katavyā-,"no evil is to be suspected"

)

etc.

śaṅkāspada

(śaṅkāsp-) n. cause of doubt, ground or matter of suspicion

śaṅkhacūḍa

m. of one of kubera-'s attendants

śaṅkhadāraka

m. a shell-cutter

śaṅkhakāra

m. a worker in shells, shell-cutter (described as a kind of mixed caste according to to some"the adulterous offspring of vaiśya--parents whose mother is a widow"; see śaṅkhika-)

śaṅkhakāraka

m. a worker in shells, shell-cutter (described as a kind of mixed caste according to to some"the adulterous offspring of vaiśya--parents whose mother is a widow"; see śaṅkhika-)

śaṅkhakarṇa

m. "shell-eared", Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

śaṅkhakumbhaśravas

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

śaṅkhalikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

śāṅkhika

m. a shell-cutter, worker or dealer in shells (constituting a particular caste called Sankhari)

śaṅku

m. the clapper of a bell,

(

also the penis;poison;Unguis Odoratus;a particular tree or the trunk of a lopped tree;a particular fish [accord. to some"the skate fish"] or aquatic animal;a goose;a measuring rod;a rākṣasa-;Name of śiva-;of a gandharva- attendant on śiva-;of kāma-;of a nāga-; equals aṃśa-)

śaṅkukarṇa

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

śāntarava

mfn. uttering auspicious sounds

sāntv

(also written śāntv- q.v) cl.10 P. A1. (

;rather Nom.fr. sāntva-below) sāntvayati-, te- (pr. p. once in

[

] sāntvamāna-and once [

] sāntvayāna-; Aorist asasāntvat- grammar; ind.p. sāntvayitvā-

; sāntvayya-

: Passive voice sāntvyate-

), to console, comfort, soothe, conciliate, address kindly or gently

sānubandhaka

mfn. having an indicatory letter or syllable (See anubandha-)

sānuga

mfn. having attendants, with followers

sānuplava

mfn. accompanied by followers or attendants

sānuyātra

mfn. attended by followers, with a retinue

śap

cl.1.4. P. A1. (

) śapati-, te- or śapyati-, te- (the latter only in

; perfect tense śaś/āpa-, śep/e- Aorist aśāpsīt-, aśapta- grammar [2. plural śāpta-in

prob. wrong reading ]; future śaptā-

; śapsyati-, te-

; śapiṣye-

; infinitive mood śaptum-or śapitum-

; ind.p. śapitvā-

; śaptvā- grammar), to curse (mostly P.with accusative;in

A1.with dative case)

etc. ; (P. A1.) to swear an oath, utter an execration (sometimes with śapatham-or thān-;also with anṛtam-,to swear a false oath)

etc. ; (P. A1.) to revile, scold, blame (accusative,rarely dative case)

; (A1.; mc. also P.) to curse one's self (followed by yadi-,"if", i.e. to promise with an oath, vow or swear,"that one will not"etc.;or followed by dative case and rarely accusative of the person to whom and instrumental case of the object by which one swears;or followed by iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' varuṇeti-,"to swear by the name of varuṇa-"

)

etc. ; (A1.) to adjure, supplicate, conjure any one (accusative) by (instrumental case)

: Causal śāpayati- (Aorist aśīśapat-), to adjure, conjure, exorcise (demons)

; to cause any one (accusative) to swear by (instrumental case)

(see śāpita-): Desiderative śiśapsati-, te- grammar : Intensive śāśapyate-, śāśapti-, or śaṃśpyate-, śaṃśapti-

śāpa

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).;fr. śap-) a curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation, ban, interdiction (accusative with vac-, dā-, pra-yam-, ny-as-, vi-sṛj-, ā-diś-,"to pronounce or utter a curse on any one", with dative case genitive case locative case,or accusative with prati-)

sāpagama

mfn. attended with or involving departures

sapāla

mfn. attended by a herdsman

sāpamāna

mfn. treated or attended with contempt

(varia lectio)

śāpamokṣa

m. uttering of a curse

śāpaprada

mfn. uttering a curse

śāpapradāna

n. utterance of a curse

saparicchada

mf(ā-)n. attended by a train, provided with necessaries

saparikara

mfn. attended by a retinue

saparikrama

mfn. attended by a retinue

saparya

Nom. P. y/ati- (prob. fr. a lost noun sapar-), to serve attentively, honour, worship, adore

; to offer or dedicate reverentially

; to accept kindly

śapathapattra

n. written testimony on oath or affidavit

śapathīya

Nom. P. -yāti- (only pr. p. y/at-,uttering curses)

sāpatya

mf(ā-)n. accompanied or attended by one's children

sāpāya

mf(ā-)n. attended with danger, dangerous

sapha

mfn. (7. sa+pha-) together with the sound or letter ph- ( saphatva -tva- n.)

śaphara

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).;also written saphara-and said to be connected with śapha-) Cyprinus Saphore (a kind of bright little fish that glistens when darting about in shallow water)

etc.

śāpotsarga

m. the utterance of a curse

sapramāda

mfn. heedless, inattentive, off one's guard

sapratibandha

mfn. attended with obstacles

(in law said of a legacy which, if there are not direct male descendants, devolves on a collateral branch or the widow etc.

)

sapreṣya

mfn. attended by servants

sapṛṣadājya

mfn. with curdled or clotted butter

sapru

(s/a--) mfn. (said to =) attended by lightning (see pru-)

sāpsarogaṇa

mfn. attended by a number of āpsarasa-s

saptadvārāvakīrṇa

mfn. scattered over or dominated or affected by the 7 gates (id est according to to

,"by the 5 organs of sense, the mind and the intellect",or"by this world and the 3 above and the 3 below it")

sāptapadīna

n. friendship (formed with any one after taking seven paces together, or according to to others after uttering only seven words), intimacy

saptarṣisaṃvat

a year of the saptarṣi- era (the 1st year of which corresponds to the expired year 26, id est the 27th current year of the kali-yuga-; the hundreds of this era are often omitted, exempli gratia, 'for example' the saptarṣi- year 4869 will be called simply 69; the corresponding year of one of the centuries

D. is found by adding 24-25; thus 69 [for 4869] corresponds to

D. 1793-94).

saptaṛṣivat

mfn. (ṣ/i--) attended by the 7 ṛṣi-s

saptavadhri

mfn. (t/a--) fettered by 7 thongs (applied to the soul)

sapūrva

mf(ā-)n. along with the preceding (letter or sound)

śār

(also written sār-; see śṝ-) to be weak or feeble

śāra

mf(ā-)n. (in most meanings also written sāra-;of doubtful derivation) variegated in colour, of different colours (as dark hair mixed with grey) , motley, spotted, speckled

Va1rtt. 2

sāra

m. the matter formed in a boil or ulcer, pus

śaraja

n. "produced from sour cream", butter

sāraja

n. "produced from cream", fresh butter (see sara-ja-)

sāraṇa

n. buttermilk (one fourth part of which is water)

śaraṇḍa

m. (also written sar-;only

) a bird (in general)

sāraṅga

mf(ī-)n. or sāraṅg/a- (sometimes written śār-;either fr. sa-raṅga-,"having colour etc.", or for śarāṅga-or sār-,"having a dappled body") , of a variegated colour, dappled, spotted (see kṛṣṇa-s-, lohita-s-)

sāraṅga

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a kind of spotted antelope

etc.

sāraṅgī

f. a kind of spotted doe or antelope (See kṛṣṇa-s-)

sārasana

m. (also written sāraś-and perhaps for sa-raśana-) a woman's zone or girdle (said to be formed of 25 strings)

sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇa

n. Name of work on alaṃkāra- (generally ascribed to bhoja-deva-, but probably written by some Pandit during or after the reign of that king, in the end of the 11th century A.D.)

sāratara

n. the better, something excellent (sārāt sārataram-,"the best or most excellent of all")

sāratara

mf(ā-)n. better, more excellent

sārataratā

f. the being better or having more virtue

sāratva

n. the being the man point or principal matter

śarāva

m. n. (gaRa ardharcādi-) a shallow cup, dish, plate, platter, earthenware vessel (also the flat cover or lid of any such vessel)

etc.

śarāvasampāta

m. the arriving or bringing in of dishes (vṛtte śarāva-sampāte-,when the dishes have been removed, id est when the meal is over)

sarb

(also written samb-) cl.1 P. sarbati-, to go, move

sarepha

mfn. together with the sound or letter r-

sarga

m. emission or creation of matter, primary creation (as opp. to pratisarga-"secondary creation"), creation of the world (as opp. to its pralaya-"dissolution", and sthiti-,"maintenance in existence"; 9 different creations are enumerated in

; ā sargāt-,"from the creation or beginning of the world"; sarge-"in the created world")

etc.

śāri

f. (

also written śārī-or sāri-) a particular bird (equals śārikā-below)

śāri

m. a chessman, piece at chess (or at a kind of draughts)

(written sāri-)

śārikā

f. a kind of bird (commonly called Maina, either the Gracula Religiosa or the Turdus Salica, also written sārikā-, q.v)

śarīrabandha

m. the fetters of the body, being fettered by the body

śarīraprabhava

m. a begetter, father

śarīraśuśrūṣā

f. attendance on the body personal attendance

sarjayitavya

mfn. to be emitted or created

sarpabandha

m. "snake-fetter", an artifice, subtle device

sarpi

n. (m. Calcutta edition for sarpis-) clarified butter,

sarpiḥsamudra

m. the sea of clarified butter

sarpirabdhi

m. the sea of clarified butter

sarpiranna

(p/ir--) mfn. eating clarified butter

sarpirāsuti

mfn. (pir--) sipping clarified butter

sarpirāsuti

mfn. sacrificed or worshipped with clarified butter

sarpirgrīva

mf(/ī-)n. having a neck composed of clarified butter

sarpirmaṇḍa

m. the scum of melted butter

sarpirmehin

mfn. having urine like clarified butter

sarpirmisra

mfn. mixed with clarified butter, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding

sarpis

n. clarified butter (id est melted butter with the scum cleared off, commonly called"ghee", either fluid or solidified;also plural)

sārpiṣa

mfn. (fr. sarpis-) containing clarified butter, cooked with ghee

sarpiṣkāmya

Nom. P. yati-, to like clarified butter

sarpiṣkuṇḍikā

f. a butter-jar gaRa kaskādi-.

sarpiṣmat

(s/arpiṣ-.) mfn. provided or prepared with clarified butter

sarpiṣṭā

f. (

) (

) the being clarified butter.

sarpiṣṭara

n. more genuine clarified butter, more excellent ghee

sarpiṣṭva

n. (

) the being clarified butter.

sarṣigaṇa

mfn. (fr. 7. sa-+ ṛṣi-g-) having or attended by a host of ṛṣi-s

sārtarava

mfn. uttering wailing sounds, lamenting

sarvadānādhika

mfn. better than every gift

sarvakāṣam

ind. (with kaṣ-) so as to rub away or destroy utterly

sārvalaukika

mf(ī-)n. (fr. sarva-loka-) prevailing throughout or common to the whole world, known by or permitted to every one, common, universal

śarvara

mfn. variegated, spotted (equals karvara-; see also śabara-, śabala-)

śarvarī

f. plural the spotted steeds of the marut-s

sarvārtha

m. all matters ( sarvārtheṣu theṣu- ind."in all matters, in all the subjects contained in any particular work")

sarvārthakuśala

mfn. skilful in all matters

sarvārthatā

f. "attending to everything", distraction (opp. to ekāgra-tva-), cit-.

sarvaśabdaga

mfn. uttering various sounds

sarvatantra

mfn. universally acknowledged, admitted by all schools (as a philosophical principle)

sarvatantrasiddhānta

m. a dogma admitted by all systems (opp. to pratitantra-s- q.v)

sarvavādisammata

mfn. approved by all disputants, universally admitted

śārvavarmika

mfn. written or composed by śarva-varman-

sārvavarmika

mfn. composed or written by sarva-varman-

sarvavedasadakṣiṇa

mf(ā-)n. attended with a gift of all one's property as a fee (at a sacrifice)

sarvopadha

mfn. having any kind of preceding vowel, having any penultimate letter

sārya

mfn. that which may be dropped or omitted (in pronunciation)

ṣaṣ

mfn. plural (prob. for originally ṣakṣ-; Nominal verb accusative ṣ/aṭ- instrumental case ṣaḍbh/is- dative case ablative ṣaḍbhy/as-, genitive case ṣaṇṇ/ām- locative case ṣaṭs/u-;in compound ṣaṣ-becomes ṣaṭ-before hard letters, ṣaḍ-before soft, ṣo-before d-,which is changed into ḍ-,and ṇ-before nasals) six (with the counted object in apposition or exceptionally in genitive case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' ṣaḍ ṛtavah-,or ṣaḍ ṛtunām-,"the six seasons", ṣaṭsu- ṣatsu māseṣu-,"at periods of six months"

at the end of a bahuvrīhi- compound it is declined like other words ending in ṣ-,e. gaRa priya-ṣaṣas- Nominal verb plural

;among the words used as expressions for the number six (especially in giving dates) are aṅga-, darśana-, tarka-, rasa-, ṛtu- vajrakoṇa- kārttikeya-mukha-)

etc. etc.

śaśabindu

m. "hare-spotted", the moon

śāśakarṇi

m. (also written śāsak-) patronymic fr. śaśa-karṇa-

śāsana

n. a writing, deed, written contract or agreement

śāsana

n. any written book or work of authority, scripture (equals śāstra-)

saśiṣya

mfn. attended by pupils

saśītkāra

mfn. uttering a murmuring sound

śaṣkuli

f. a large round cake (composed of ground rice, sugar, and sesamum, and cooked in oil;also written śask-)

śaṣkulī

f. a large round cake (composed of ground rice, sugar, and sesamum, and cooked in oil;also written śask-)

śaśolūktamukhī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

sāśra

mfn. (fr. 7. sa-+ 2. aśra-;more correctly written sāsra-) tearful, weeping

ṣaṣṭha

m. (scilicet akṣara-) the sixth letter id est the vowel ī-

ṣaṣṭhādi

mfn. (in Vedic gram.) beginning with the sixth letter id est with the vowel ī-.

śastṛ

m. a cutter, dissecter

śāstra

n. any instrument of teaching, any manual or compendium of rules, any bock or treatise, (especially) any religious or scientific treatise, any sacred book or composition of divine authority (applicable even to the veda-, and said to be of fourteen or even eighteen kinds [see under vidyā-];the word śāstra-is often found in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' after the word denoting the subject of the book, or is applied collectively to whole departments of knowledge exempli gratia, 'for example' vedānta-ś-,a work on the vedānta- philosophy or the whole body of teaching on that subject; dharma-ś-,a law-book or whole body of written laws; kāvya-ś-,a poetical work or poetry in general; śilpi-ś-,works on the mechanical arts; kāma-ś-,erotic compositions; alaṃkāra ś-,rhetoric, etc.)

etc.

sastrīka

mfn. attended by a wife

sasya

n. (of unknown derivation;also written śasya-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) corn, grain, fruit, a crop of corn (also plural)

saśyāparṇa

mfn. attended by the śyāparṇa-s

śaṭā

f. (equals saṭā-, jaṭā-) an ascetic's clotted hair

śāta

mfn. (fr. śo-; see śita-) sharpened, whetted, sharp

saṭā

f. (see śaṭā-, chaṭā-and jaṭā-) an ascetic's matted or clotted hair, a braid of hair (in general)

śatabuddhi

mfn. hundred-witted

śataghaṇṭā

f. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śatalocana

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śatamukha

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

śatānandā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śatāvadhāna

m. "a man with such a good memory that he can attend to a hundred things at once"(also nin-), Name of rāghavendra-

satejas

(s/a--) mfn. attended with splendour or energy or vital power etc. ( satejastva -tv/a- n.)

śaṭh

(see śaṭ-, śal-) cl.10 A1. śāṭhayate-, to praise, flatter

sathūtkāra

mfn. (fr. 7. sa-+ th-) sputtering in speech (n. the act of sputtering; see ambū-kṛta-)

śatī

f. Curcuma Zedoaria

(often written śaṭhī-).

satī

f. a good and virtuous or faithful wife (especially applied in later use to the faithful wife [popularly called Suttee] who burns herself with her husband's corpse

; Comparative degree satī-tarā-, sati-t-or sat-t-)

etc.

sātiśaya

mfn. superior, better, best, eminent

satkāra

m. care, attention, consideration of or regard for a thing

satoda

mfn. attended with a pricking pain

śatodara

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

śatodarī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śatolūkhalamekhalā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śatruṃjayā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

saṭṭaka

n. buttermilk mixed with the juice of cumin etc. (see śaṭṭaka-)

sattva

n. material or elementary substance, entity, matter, a thing

ṣatva

n. the state of the letter ṣa-, the substitution of ṣ- for s-

satvan

m. plural warriors, vassals, attendants, followers

etc.

satyalaukika

n. the true and the worldly (or untrue), spiritual and worldly matters

satyapāśa

m. truth compared to a fetter

satyasaṃdha

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

satyavrata

m. of a class of supernatural beings attending on satya-sena-

saubha

m. (also written śaubha-) Name of the aerial city of hari-ścandra- (q.v)

śauca

n. purity of mind, integrity, honesty (especially in money-matters)

etc.

saulabha

mfn. (fr. su-labha-) written or composed by su-labha-

Va1rtt. 1

saumilla

m. Name of a poet (also written saumila-and saumalla-; see somila-)

saumyakṛcchra

m. n. a kind of penance (described as subsisting for 5 days, severally, on sesamum, water of boiled rice, butter-milk water parched grain, and fasting on the 6th day)

sauna

mfn. (fr. sūnā-;also written śauna-) belonging or relating to a slaughter-house or to butchery etc.

śauṇḍīra

mfn. (also written śauṇḍira-and śauḍīra-) proud, haughty, bold, arrogant

sauśruta

mfn. composed or written by su-śruta-

śauṭ

(also written śauḍ-,prob. artificial) cl.1 P. to be proud or haughty

sauvida

m. (fr. suvida-) a guard or attendant on the women's apartments

sāvadhāna

mf(ā-)n. having attention, attentive, heedful, careful

sāvadhānam

ind. attentively, cautiously

sāvadhānatā

f. attention, carefulness

sāvadhānībhū

P. -bhavati-, to be attentive or careful

sāvadhānīkṛ

P. -karoti-, to make attentive or careful, caution

sāvahita

mfn. giving attention, attentive

śavaratha

m. "corpses-vehicle", a bier, litter

śavarga

m. the sibilating class of letters id est the three sibilants and the letter h-.

śavaśibikā

f. "corpse-litter", a bier

saya

mfn. (id est,7, sa-+ ya-) with the sound or letter ya-

sāyaka

mfn. intended or fitted to be discharged or hurled

(

)

sāyaṇa

m. (said to be a drāviḍa- word) Name of a learned Brahman (also called sāyaṇamādhava- and sāyaṇācārya-; he was son of māyaṇa-, pupil of viṣṇu- sarva-jña- and of śaṃkarānanda-; and flourished under bukka- I of vijaya-nagara- or vidyā-nagara- [A.D. 1350-1379] and his successor harihara-, and died in 1387; of more than a hundred works attributed to him, among which are commentaries on nearly all parts of the veda-, some were carried out by his pupils, and some were written in conjunction with his brother mādhavācārya- or vidyāraṇya-svāmin-) .

sāyaṇamādhavīya

mfn. written or composed by sāyaṇa-mādhava-

sayoṣaṇa

mfn. attended by women, along with the women

ścut

(often in later language written ścyut-; see cyut-) cl.1 P. (

) śc/otati- (perfect tense cuścota-

; Aorist aścotīt-or aścutat- grammar; future ścotitā-, ścotiṣyati-

), to ooze, trickle, exude, drop, distil

; to shed, pour out, sprinkle

: Causal ścotayati- (Aorist -acuścutat- infinitive mood -ścotayitav/ai-; see abhi--and ā-ścut-), to cause to drop or flow, shed

: Desiderative cuścotiṣati-

śel

(also written sel-) cl.1 P. śelati-, to go

śeṣa

m. that which has to be supplied (exempli gratia, 'for example' any word or words which have been omitted in a sentence; iti śeṣaḥ-,"so it was left to be supplied", a phrase commonly used by commentator or commentary in supplying any words necessary to elucidate the text)

śeṣa

mn. secondary matter, accident

śeṣā

f. plural the remains of flowers or other offerings made to an idol and afterwards distributed amongst the worshippers and attendants (sg."a garden made of the remains of flowers")

etc.

śeṣaśeṣibhāva

m. the being secondary and primary matter, secondariness and primariness

śeṣaśeṣin

(in the beginning of a compound), secondary and primary matter

śeṣaśeṣitva

n. the being secondary and primary matter, secondariness and primariness

śeṣin

mfn. having (little) remainder (id est constituting the "chief matter"or"main point")

setṛ

mfn. binding, fettering, a bond or binder

setra

n. a bond, ligament, fetter

setu

mfn. (fr.1. si-) binding, who or what binds or fetters

setu

m. a bond, fetter

sev

cl.1 A1. (

) sevate- (rarely ti-; perfect tense siṣeve-, va-

etc.; future sevitā- grammar; seviṣyate-

, ti-

; Aorist asiṣevat-, aseviṣṭa- grammar; infinitive mood sevitum-

etc.; ind.p. sevitvā-, -sevya-

), to dwell or stay near or in (locative case)

; to remain or stay at, live in, frequent, haunt, inhabit, resort to (accusative)

etc. ; to serve, wait or attend upon, honour, obey, worship

; to cherish, foster (a child)

; to present with (instrumental case)

; to enjoy sexually, have sexual intercourse with (accusative)

etc. ; to refresh by soft breezes, fan (said of the wind)

; to devote or apply one's self to, cultivate, study, practise, use, employ, perform, do

etc. ; to exist or be found in anything (accusative)

: Passive voice sevyate-, to be followed or served etc.

: Causal sevayati- (Aorist asiṣevat-), to attend upon, serve, honour

; to tend, cherish (plants)

: Desiderative of Causal See sisevayiṣu-: Desiderative siseviṣate-, ti- grammar : Intensive seṣevyate-

sevā

f. service, attendance on (locative case genitive case,or compound; sevāṃ-kṛ-,with genitive case,"to be in the service of")

etc.

sevājana

m. a servant, attendant

sevaka

m. a servant, attendant, follower

sevana

n. waiting upon, attendance, service

etc.

sevin

mfn. attending on, serving, a servant

sevitā

f. service, attendance

sevitṛ

m. a servant, attendant

(confer, compare 4. sā-) cl.5.9. P. A1. (

) sinoti-, sinute-; sin/āti-, sinite- (really occurring only in present tense sin/āti-, imperfect tense asinot-; perfect tense siṣāya-

; Aorist [?] siṣet-

; asaiṣīt-, aseṣṭa- grammar; future setā-

; siṣyati-

; seṣyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood s/etave-

; setum- grammar), to bind, tie, fetter

: Causal sāyayati- (Aorist asīṣayat-) grammar : Desiderative sisīṣati-, te-

: Intensive seṣīyate-, seṣayīti-, seṣeti-

[ confer, compare Greek ,; Lettish sinu,"to bind"; Anglo-Saxon sa7l; German Seil.]

sī

a word used in learning letters (?)

śibi

m. (also written śivi-) Name of a ṛṣi- (having the patronymic auśīnara- and supposed author of

)

śibikā

f. (also written śivikā-) a palanquin, palkee, litter, bier

etc.

śibikādāna

n. "the gift of a litter etc.", Name of a chapter of the

śibikādānavidhi

m. "the gift of a litter etc.", Name of a chapter of the

śibira

n. (also written śivira-) a royal camp or residence, tent in a royal camp, any tent

etc.

śibīratha

m. a palanquin, litter

sic

cl.6 P. A1. (

) siñc/ati-, te- (once in

, s/ecate- perfect tense siṣeca-, siṣice-[in

also sisicuḥ-, sisice-]; Aorist asicat-, cata-[Gr. also asikta-]; subjunctive sicāmahe-

; preceding sicyāt-

; future sekṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood sektum-

sektavai-

; ind.p. siktvā-

; -s/icya-

; -secam-or -sekam-,

), to pour out, discharge, emit, shed, infuse or pour into or on (locative case)

etc. etc. ; to emit semen, impregnate

; to scatter in small drops, sprinkle, besprinkle or moisten with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to dip, soak, steep

; to cast or form anything out of molten metal etc. (2 accusative)

: Passive voice sicyate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist aseci-), to be poured out or sprinkled

etc. etc.: Causal secayati-, te- (Epic also siñcayati-; Aorist asīṣicat-or asīsicat-), to cause to pour out etc. ; to sprinkle, water (plants etc.)

: Desiderative siṣikṣati- or sisikṣati- ; te- grammar (confer, compare sisikṣā-): Intensive sesicyate-, sesekti-. ([ confer, compare Zend hincaiti; Greek [?] ; Anglo-Saxon seo4n; German seihen,seichen.])

siddha

mfn. admitted to be true or right, established, settled, proved

siddhānta

m. established end, final end or aim or purpose (see sama-s-), (see rāddhānta-), demonstrated conclusion of an argument (or the 4th member of a syllogism following on the refutation of the pūrva-pakṣa- q.v), settled opinion or doctrine, dogma, axiom, received or admitted truth (of four kindsSee sarva-tantra-s-?, prati-tantra-s-, adhikaraṇa-s-, abhyupagama-s-)

(see

)

siddhāntacandrodaya

m. a commentator or commentary on the tarka-saṃgraha- (written in 1774 A.D. for rāja-siṃha-, son of king gaja-siṃha- of vikrama-paṭṭana-, by kṛṣṇa-dhūrjaṭi-dīkṣita-).

siddhapātra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

siddhārtha

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

ṣiḍga

m. (also written khiḍga-, khiṅga-) a profligate man, libertine, gallant

sidh

(weak form of sādh-) cl.4 P. (

) s/idhyati- (Epic and mc. also te-;pf: siṣedha-

; Aorist asidhat- grammar; saitsīt-

; preceding sidhyāsam- grammar; future seddhā-

; setsyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood seddhum- grammar; ind.p. sedhitvā-, sidhitvā-,or siddhvā-

), to be accomplished or fulfilled or effected or settled, be successful, succeed

etc. ; to hit a mark (locative case)

; to attain one's aim or object, have success

etc. ; to attain the highest object, become perfect, attain beatitude

; to be valid or admissible, hold good

; to be proved or demonstrated or established, result from

; to be set right, (especially) be healed or cured

; to be well cooked

; to conform to a person's will, yield to (genitive case)

; to fall to a person's (genitive case) lot or share

; to come into existence, originate, arise

: Causal sedhayati- (Aorist asīṣidhat-) or sādhayati-, to show the knowledge or skill (of any one, the former,"with reference to sacred things", the latter,"to secular things")

(sadh-), to accomplish, effect

: Desiderative siṣitsati- grammar : Intensive seṣidhyate-, seṣeddhi-

sidhma

mf(ā-)n. (of doubtful derivation) white-spotted (according to to others "leprous")

śīghrabuddhi

mfn. quick-witted

śīk

(also written sīk-) cl.1 A1. (

) śīkate- (perfect tense śiśīke- Aorist aśīkiṣṭa-etc. grammar), to rain in fine drops, drizzle, sprinkle, wet, moisten

; to go, move

(varia lectio): Causal śīkayati-, to besprinkle

; cl.10."to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-)

; āmarṣaṇe- or marṣaṇe-,

. [ confer, compare Greek .]

sik

a sautra- root meaning"to scatter about, sprinkle" (see sic-, sīk-).

śīkara

m. (mostly plural;also written sīkara-) fine or drizzling rain, drizzle, spray, mist

etc.

śīkarin

mfn. sprinkling. drizzling, scattering spray

śikhiśṛṅga

m. a spotted antelope

śikṣ

(properly Desiderative of śak-; see

) cl.1 P. A1. ś/ikṣati-, te- (in later language oftener A1..; see

; pr. p. ś/ikṣat-, ś/ikṣamāṇa-

; śikṣāṇa-

; imperative śiśikṣa-

; Aorist aśikṣithṭa-

),"to wish to be able", (P.) try to effect, attempt, undertake

; (A1.;rarely P.) to learn, acquire knowledge, study, practise, learn from (ablative or sakāśāt-with genitive case)

etc. ; to practise one's self in (locative case)

(see

Va1rtt. 3 Sch. ) ; "to wish to be able to effect for others" (P.) wish to help, aid, befriend (dative case)

; (P.) to wish to give, bestow

; (P.) to wish to present with (instrumental case)

; (A1.) to offer one's service to, enter the service of (accusative)

: Passive voice śikṣyate- (Aorist aśikṣi-), to be learnt or practised

: Causal śikṣayati- (rarely te-; Aorist aśiśikṣat-), to cause to learn, impart knowledge, inform, instruct, teach (with accusative of Persian or thing;also with two accusative,or with accusative of Persian and locative case of thing, or with accusative of Persian and infinitive mood,or with accusative of thing and genitive case of Persian)

śikṣitākṣara

mfn. one who has been taught letters or literature

sikta

mfn. poured out, sprinkled, wetted, impregnated

etc.

siktha

n. (also written śiktha-) beeswax

śil

(also written sil-) cl.6 P. śilati-, to glean

sil

(also written śil-) cl.6 P. śilati-, to glean

śilābheda

m. a stone-cutter's chisel

śilākṣara

(lāk-) n. "stone-letter", writing on stone, lithography

śilākuṭṭa

m. a stone-cutter's chisel or hatchet

śilākuṭṭaka

m. a stone-cutter's chisel or hatchet

śīlavrata

n. (with

) ceremonial practices (one of the ten fetters)

silhaka

m. (also written sihlaka-) olibanum

śilhaṇa

m. (also written śilhana-and śihlaṇa-) Name of a poet from kaśmīra- (author of the śānti-śataka-).

śima

m. a cutter up or preparer (of sacrificial food)

śimba

m. (also written simba-) a pod, legume

śimbā

f. (also written simbā-) a pod

śimbi

f. (also written simbī-) a pod, legume

siṃhamukha

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

sina

m. a bond, fetter

śiṇḍākī

f. (also written siṇḍ-) a particular edible substance (made with rice and mustard and said to possess stomachic properties)

śiṅgh

(also written śiṃh-,prob. for originally śiṅkh-) cl.1 P. śiṅghati-, to smell

(see upa-śiṅgh-).

śiṅghāṇa

m. (also written śiṃhāṇa-or śiṃhāna-) Os Sepiae

śiṅghinī

f. (also written siṅgh-) "smelling", the nose

([ confer, compare German Zinken])

śiñj

cl.2 A1. (

) śiṅkte- (according to to

also cl.1.10. A1. śiñjate-, śiñjayate-; pr. p. śiñjāna-,or śiñjat-[see below]

; perfect tense śiśiñje- grammar; Aorist aśiñjiṣṭa-

; future śiñjitā-, śiñjiṣyate-

), to utter a shrill sound, tinkle, rattle, jingle, whirr, buzz, hum, twang, bellow, roar

[ confer, compare collateral siñj-.]

śiñjā

f. (also written siñjā-) tinkle, jingle, (especially) the tinkling sound of silver ornaments on the ankles or wrist

(according to to some also,m(śiñja-).)

śiñjinī

f. a bow-string

(also written siñj-)

śiñjita

mfn. (also written siñjita-) tinkled, tinkling, rattling, sounding

śīpālila

mfn. (also written sīp-) overgrown with śīpāla- plants gaRa kāśādi-.

śīphālikā

f. (also, written śephālī-,or śephālikā-) the plant Nyctanthes Tristis

sirā

f. (fr. sṛ-) a stream, water

(see

;often written śirā-)

śiraḥsthita

mfn. being in the head, cerebral (as a letter or sound)

śīrṇa

mfn. (fr. śṝ-) broken or rent asunder, shivered, crushed, shattered, injured

etc.

śīrṇa

mfn. withered, faded, shrivelled, shrunk, decayed, rotten

etc.

śīrṇaśīrṣan

mfn. one who has a broken or shattered head

śīrṇatā

f. (

) withered condition, rottenness, decay.

śīrṇatva

n. (

) withered condition, rottenness, decay.

śīrṇi

f. breaking, crushing, shattering

śīrṣa

n. the upper part, tip, top (of anything, as of a letter etc.)

śīrti

f. breaking, shattering

siṣādhayiṣu

mfn. (also written sisādh-) desirous of accomplishing or effecting, aiming at (accusative)

śiśumāramukhī

f. "dolphin-faced", Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śiśupāla

m. "child-protector", Name of the king of the cedi-s inhabiting a country in central India, probably the same as Bundelkhand (See cedi-;he was son of dama-ghoṣa-, and is also called sunītha-;his impiety in opposing the worship of kṛṣṇa- is described in the sabhā-parvan- of the mahā-bhārata-;when yudhi-ṣṭhira- was about to perform a rājasūya- sacrifice, numerous princes attended, and bhīṣma- proposed that especial honour should be paid to kṛṣṇa-, who was also present, but śiśu-pāla- objected, and after denouncing kṛṣṇa- as a contemptible person challenged him to fight, whereupon kṛṣṇa- struck off his head with his discus;the viṣṇu-purāṇa- identifies this impious monarch with the demons hiraṇya-kaśipu- and rāvaṇa-;his death forms the subject of māgha-'s celebrated poem called śiśupāla-vadha-)

śiṭ

(also written siṭ-) cl.1 P. śeṭati-, to despise

śit

(in gram.) having ś- as an indicatory letter.

śīt

onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds) (also written sīt-) a sound made by drawing in the breath (to express any sudden thrill of pleasure or pain and especially pleasurable sensations during sexual enjoyment).

śita

mfn. (for 1. etc.See) whetted, sharp

etc.

sita

mfn. (for 2.See below;for 3.) bound, tied, fettered

etc.

sita

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

sītā

f. (less correctly written śītā-; see sīm/an-, sīra-) a furrow, the track or line of a ploughshare (also personified, and apparently once worshipped as a kind of goddess resembling Pomona;in

, sitā- is invoked as presiding over agriculture or the fruits of the earth;in

, sitā-"the Furrow"is again personified and addressed, four furrows being required to be drawn at the ceremony when the above stanzas are recited;in

she is called sāvitrī-,and in

indra-patnī-,"the wife of indra-";in epic poetry sitā- is the wife of rāmacandra- and daughter of janaka-, king of mithilā-, capital of videha-, who was otherwise called sīradhvaja-;she was named sitā- because fabled to have sprung from a furrow made by janaka- while ploughing the ground to prepare it for a sacrifice instituted by him to obtain progeny, whence her epithet ayoni-jā-,"not womb-born";her other common names, maithilī- and vaidehī-, are from the place of her birth;according to one legend she was vedavatī- q.v,in the kṛta- age; according to to others she was an incarnation of lakṣmi- and of umā-;the story of rāma-'s bending the bow, which was to be the condition of the gift of sitā-, is told in

; sītā-'s younger sister urmilā- was at the same time given to lakṣmaṇa-, and two nieces of janaka-, daughters of his brother king kuśa-dhvaja-, to bharata- and śatrughna-)

etc.

śītameha

m. diabetes caused by or attended with cold,

sitānana

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

śītapitta

n. a tumour caused by a chill (attended with fever and sickness and compared to a swelling caused by a wasp sting)

sitāvara

m. a species of culinary plant (also written śit-)

śithilasamādhi

mfn. having the attention drawn off or relaxed

śitikeśa

m. "white-haired", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śītkāra

m. (also written sīt-kāra-) the sound śīt- (supposed to indicate pleasure, pain, or applause;also applied to the noise of spurting water etc.)

śītkārin

mfn. uttering the sound śīt-

śītkṛ

P. -karoti-, to utter the sound śīt-

śītkṛta

n. the utterance of the sound śīt-

śītkṛti

f. the utterance of the sound śīt-

śiva

m. "The Auspicious one", Name of the disintegrating or destroying and reproducing deity (who constitutes the third god of the Hindu trimūrti- or Triad, the other two being brahmā-"the creator"and viṣṇu-"the preserver";in the veda- the only Name of the destroying deity was rudra-"the terrible god", but in later times it became usual to give that god the euphemistic N. śiva-"the auspicious"[just as the Furies were called "the gracious ones"], and to assign him the office of creation and reproduction as well as dissolution;in fact the preferential worship of śiva- as developed in the purāṇa-s and Epic poems led to his being identified with the Supreme Being by his exclusive worshippers [called śaiva-s];in his character of destroyer he is sometimes called kāla-"black", and is then also identified with"Time", although his active destroying function is then oftener assigned to his wife under her name kālī-, whose formidable character makes her a general object of propitiation by sacrifices;as presiding over reproduction consequent on destruction śiva-'s symbol is the liṅga- [ q.v ] or Phallus, under which form he is worshipped all over India at the present day;again one of his representations is as ardha-nārī-,"half-female", the other half being male to symbolize the unity of the generative principle[

];he has three eyes, one of which is in his forehead, and which are thought to denote his view of the three divisions of time, past, present, and future, while a moon's crescent, above the central eye, marks the measure of time by months, a serpent round his neck the measure by years, and a second necklace of skulls with other serpents about his person, the perpetual revolution of ages, and the successive extinction and generation of the races of mankind: his hair is thickly matted together, and gathered above his forehead into a coil;on the top of it he bears the Ganges, the rush of which in its descent from heaven he intercepted by his head that the earth might not be crushed by the weight of the falling stream;his throat is dark-blue from the stain of the deadly poison which would have destroyed the world had it not been swallowed by him on its production at the churning of the ocean by the gods for the nectar of immortality;he holds a tri-śūla-,or three-pronged trident [also called pināka-] in his hand to denote, as some think, his combination of the three attributes of Creator, Destroyer, and Regenerator;he also carries a kind of drum, shaped like an hour-glass, called ḍamaru-: his attendants or servants are called pramatha- [ q.v ];they are regarded as demons or supernatural beings of different kinds, and form various hosts or troops called gaṇa-s;his wife durgā- [otherwise called kālī-, pārvatī-, umā-, gaurī-, bhavāṇī- etc.] is the chief object of worship with the śākta-s and tāntrika-s, and in this connection he is fond of dancing [see tāṇḍava-]and wine-drinking;he is also worshipped as a great ascetic and is said to have scorched the god of love (kāma-deva-) to ashes by a glance from his central eye, that deity having attempted to inflame him with passion for pārvatī- whilst he was engaged in severe penance;in the exercise of his function of Universal Destroyer he is fabled to have burnt up the Universe and all the gods, including brahmā- and viṣṇu-, by a similar scorching glance, and to have rubbed the resulting ashes upon his body, whence the use of ashes in his worship, while the use of the rudrākṣa- berries originated, it is said, from the legend that śiva-, on his way to destroy the three cities, called tri-pura-, let fall some tears of rage which became converted into these beads: his residence or heaven is kailāsa-, one of the loftiest northern peaks of the himālaya-;he has strictly no incarnations like those of viṣṇu-, though vīra-bhadra- and the eight bhairava-s and khaṇḍobā- etc.[

] are sometimes regarded as forms of him;he is especially worshipped at Benares and has even more names than viṣṇu-, one thousand and eight being specified in the 69th chapter of the śiva-purāṇa- and in the 17th chapter of the anuśāsana-parvan- of the mahā-bhārata-, some of the most common being mahā-deva-, śambhu-, śaṃkara-, īśa-, īśvara-, maheśvara-, hara-;his sons are gaṇeśa- and kārttikeya-)

etc.

śiva

m. buttermilk

śivadūtikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on śiva-

śivakarṇī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

śivakīrtana

m. " śaṃkara--praiser", Name of bhṛṅgi- or bhṛṅgarīṭa- (one of skanda-'s attendants)

śivaṃkara

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

śivaphalābhiṣeka

m. Name of work on scattering various kinds of fruit on the liṅga- (as offerings).

skambh

or skabh- (prob. a mere phonetic variety of stambh- q.v;in native lists written skanbh-) cl.5.9. P. (

) skabhn/oti-, skabhn/āti- (according to to

also cl.1 A1. skambhate-; pr. p. skabhnuv/at-

; skabh/at-

; perfect tense cask/ambha-,2. dual number -skambh/athuḥ-

; parasmE-pada caskabhān/a-

; Aorist askambhīt- grammar; future skambhitā-, skambhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood skambhitum-

; -sk/abhe-

; ind.p. skabhitv/ī-

) to prop, support, make firm, fix, establish

: Causal skambhayati- (Aorist acaskambhat-, grammar;See skambhita-) or skabhāy/ati- (

Va1rtt. 1

;See skabhita-), to prop, support, fix

; to impede, check

skandanīya

mfn. to be emitted or poured out or effused

skandh

(sometimes written skand-) cl.10 P. skandhayati-, to collect

skandhākṣa

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

skandita

mfn. emitted, effused, shed

skanna

mfn. fallen, trickled down, emitted, sprinkled (as semen)

etc. gone

skhal

cl.1 P. (

) skhalati- (rarely te-; perfect tense caskhāla-, caskhaluḥ-

etc.; future skhalitā-, liṣyati- grammar; Aorist askhālīt-

; infinitive mood skhalitum-

), to stumble, trip, totter, waver, fluctuate (with na-,"not to waver, remain steadfast, prevail")

etc. ; to drop or slip down, trickle down

; to stammer, falter (as speech)

; to make mistakes, blunder, err, fail

; to gather, collect

; to move

; to disappear

: Causal skhālayati- (or skhālayati-

), to cause to falter

; to stop, arrest

skhala

m. stumbling, tottering

(see apa-skhal/a-).

skhalana

n. stumbling, tottering, tripping unsteady gait

skhalitagati

mfn. having an unsteady gait, tottering, staggering

skumbh

(in native lists written skunbh-;connected with skambh-) cl.5.9. P. (

) skubhnoti-, skubhnoti- (skuptvā- ind.p. [prob. wrong reading for skutvā-

]), to hold, stop, hinder (rodhane-).

ślāgh

cl.1 A1. (

) śl/āghate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense śaślāghe-, ghire-

; grammar also Aorist aślāghiṣṭa-; future ślāghitā-, ślāghiṣyate-; infinitive mood ślāghitum-), to trust or confide in (dative case)

; to talk confidently, vaunt, boast or be proud of (instrumental case or locative case)

etc. ; to coax, flatter, wheedle (dative case)

; to praise, commend, eulogise, celebrate

etc. (see

) : Passive voice ślāghyate- (Aorist aślāghi-), to be praised or celebrated or magnified

etc.: Causal ślāghayati- (Aorist aśaślāghaṭ-), to encourage, comfort, console

; to praise, celebrate

ślāghā

f. flattery, praise, commendation

etc. (see

)

ślāghana

n. or f(ā-). the act of flattering, praise, eulogy

ślāghita

mfn. flattered, praised, commended

śloṇ

(also written śroṇ- q.v) cl.1 P. śloṇati-, to heap, collect

(only 3. sg. /aśloṇat-,used to explain śroṇ/ā-

)

smadrātiṣac

(sm/ad--;strong form ṣāc-) mfn. attended by givers or liberal men

smaralekha

m. a love-letter

śmaśrukara

m. "beard-maker","beard-cutter", a barber

śmaśruvardhaka

m. "beard-cutter", a barber

śmīl

(also written smīl-; see mīl-) cl.1 P. śmīlati-, to wink, twinkle

smṛti

f. Name of the letter g-

smṛtyapeta

mfn. departed from memory, forgotten

snāpana

n. the act of causing to bathe, attending a person while bathing

snapita

mfn. (fr. idem or 'n. the act of causing to bathe, bathing, ablution ') bathed, washed, sprinkled, wetted, cleansed

snāpita

mfn. caused to bathe, attended on while bathed, immersed

snehasaṃjvaravat

mfn. smitten with the fever of love

śobhana

mf(ā-or ī-)n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') superior to, better than

propitious, auspicious

śobhana

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

sodarka

mfn. attended with results or consequences

sola

mfn. astringent and sour and bitter

soma

m. (fr.3. su-) juice, extract, (especially) the juice of the soma- plant, (also) the soma- plant itself (said to be the climbing plant Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida, the stalks[ aṃśu-]of which were pressed between stones[ adri-]by the priests, then sprinkled with water, and purified in a strainer[ pavitra-]; whence the acid juice trinkled into jars[ kalaśa-]or larger vessels[ droṇa-]; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour etc., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods [in this respect corresponding with the ritual of the Iranian Avesta] or was drunk by the Brahmans, by both of whom its exhilarating effect was supposed to be prized; it was collected by moonlight on certain mountains [in

,the mountain mūja-vat- is mentioned]; it is sometimes described as having been brought from the sky by a falcon[ śyena-]and guarded by the gandharva-s; it is personified as one of the most important of Vedic gods, to whose praise all the 114 hymns of the 9th book of the

besides 6 in other books and the whole

are dedicated; in post-Vedic mythology and even in a few of the latest hymns of the

[although not in the whole of the 9th book] as well as sometimes in the

and in the

, soma- is identified with the moon [as the receptacle of the other beverage of the gods called amṛta-, or as the lord of plants see indu-, oṣadhi-pati-]and with the god of the moon, as well as with viṣṇu-, śiva-, yama-, and kubera-; he is called rājan-,and appears among the 8 vasu-s and the 8 loka-pāla-s[

] , and is the reputed author of

,of a law-book etc.; see below)

etc.

somabhakṣa

m. the drinking of soma- ( somabhakṣajapa -japa- m."a prayer muttered while the soma- is drunk")

somanandin

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

somapa

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

somavat

mfn. attended etc. by soma-

sopadha

mfn. with the penultimate or preceding letter

sopakāraka

mfn. assisted, befriended, benefitted

sopasveda

mfn. having perspiration or moisture, moistened, wetted

sparśa

m. (in gram.) collective Name of the twenty-five consonants constituting the five classes from k- to m- (so-called because formed by complete contact of the organs of utterance; see sthāna-and spṛṣṭa-)

sparśarephasaṃdhi

m. the junction of a sparśa- (q.v) letter and r-

sparśoṣmasaṃdhi

m. the junction of a sparśa- (q.v) letter and sibilant etc. (see ūṣman-)

spaś

(see 3. paś-) cl.1 P. A1. spaśati-, te- (parasmE-pada paspāśa-, paspaśe-; future spaśitā-etc.) , to bind, fetter, stop, hinder

: Causal spāśayati- (Aorist apaspaśat-) grammar : Desiderative pispaśiṣati-, te-

: Intensive pāspaśyate-, pāspaṣṭi-

spaṣṭa

mfn. (for 1.See column 2) bound, fettered etc.

sphāti

f. fattening, breeding (of cattle)

sphaṭikaprabha

mfn. glittering like crystal, crystalline, transparent

sphāvayitṛ

m. a fattener, breeder

sphāy

cl.1 A1. (

) sphāyate- (grammar also perfect tense pasphāye- Aorist asphāyiṣṭa-,or asphāṣṭa- future sphāyitā-etc.) , to grow fat, become bulky, swell, increase, expand

; to resound

: Passive voice sphīyate-, to become fat

: Causal sphāvayati- (Aorist apisphavat-), to fatten, swell, strengthen, increase, augment

[? confer, compare Greek ; Lit.spe0ti; Slavonic or Slavonian spe8ti.]

sphoṭa

m. the eternal and imperceptible element of sounds and words and the real vehicle of the idea which bursts or flashes on the mind when a sound is uttered

sphuliṅgavat

mfn. scattering sparks

sphur

(confer, compare sphar-) cl.6 P. (

) sphur/ati- (mc. also te-; parasmE-pada sphurat-and sphuramāṇa-[qq.vv.];only in present tense base, butSee apa-sphur-; grammar also perfect tense pusphora-, pusphure-; future sphuritā-, sphuriṣyati-; Aorist asphorīt-; preceding sphūryāt-; infinitive mood sphuritum-), to spurn

; to dart, bound, rebound, spring

; to tremble, throb, quiver, palpitate, twitch (as the nerves of the arm

), struggle

etc. ; to flash, glitter, gleam, glisten, twinkle, sparkle

etc. ; to shine, be brilliant or distinguished

; to break forth, burst out plainly or visibly, start into view, be evident or manifest, become displayed or expanded

etc. ; to hurt, destroy

: Causal sphorayati- (Aorist apusphurat-or apuspharat-), to stretch, draw or bend (a bow)

; to adduce an argument

; to cause to shine, eulogize, praise excessively

; sphurayati-, to fill with (instrumental case)

: Desiderative pusphuriṣati- grammar : Intensive posphuryate-, posphorti-. ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin sperno; Lithuanian spi4rti; German sporo,spor,Sporn; English spur,spurn.])

sphuraṇa

mfn. glittering, sparkling

sphuraṇa

n. flashing, coruscation, twinkling, glittering

sphuranmīna

mfn. having glittering fishes, gleaming with fishes

sphūrch

(also written svūrch-) cl.1 P. sphūrchati-, to spread, extend

; to forget

sphūrchita

mfn. forgotten

sphurita

mfn. glittered, flashed (n. impersonal or used impersonally"it has been flashed by")

sphurita

n. flash, gleam, glittering, radiance, sheen

spṛṣṭa

mfn. (in gram.) formed by complete contact of the organs of utterance (applied to all consonants except semivowels [called īṣat-spṛṣṭa-,"formed by slight contact"] and except sibilants and h-,which are called ardha-spṛṣṭa-,"formed by half-contact")

śṝ

cl.9 P. (

) śṛṇ/āti- (pr. p. A1. śṛṇān/a-

; imperative śṛṇa-

; perfect tense śaśāra-,2. sg. śaśaritha-,3. plural śaśaruḥ-,or śaśruḥ- grammar; śaśr/e-

; Aorist, aśarīt-, aśarait-

; aśārīt- grammar; preceding śīryāt-

; future śarītā-, śarīṣyati-

; śariṣyate-

; infinitive mood śarītum- grammar; ś/arītos-

; śaritos-

; ind.p. -ś/īrya-

), to crush, rend, break (A1.with reference to self, as "to break one's own arm")

; to kill (game)

: Passive voice śīryate- (mc. also ti-; Aorist aśāri-, śāri-), to be crushed or broken or rent or shattered

etc. ; to fall out or off

etc. ; to be worn out, decay, wither, fade

etc.: Causal śārayati- (Aorist aśīśarat-) grammar : Desiderative śiśarīṣati-, śiśīrṣati-

: Intensive śeśīryate-, śāśarti-

sṛ

(confer, compare sal-) cl.1.3. P. (

) s/arati- (Epic also te-and according to to

also dhāvati-), and s/isarti- (the latter base only in veda-;3. dual number s/isratuḥ-,3. plural s/israte-

; parasmE-pada s/israt-[ q.v ]

; perfect tense sas/āra-, sasr/e-

etc.;1. dual number sasriva-

; parasmE-pada sasṛv/as-, sasrāṇ/a-and sasṛmāṇ/a-

; Aorist asārṣīt- grammar; subjunctive sarṣat-

; preceding sriyāt- grammar; future sartā-

; sariṣy/ati-

etc.; infinitive mood sartum-

etc.; s/artave-, tav/ai-

; ind.p. sṛtv/ā-

; -s/ṛtya-, -s/āram-

etc.), to run, flow, speed, glide, move, go (with uccakais-,"to spring up";with v/ājam-,or ājim-,"to run a race" id est"exert one's self")

Calcutta edition etc. ; to blow (as wind)

; to run away, escape

; to run after, pursue (accusative)

; to go towards, betake one's self to (accusative or tatra-etc.)

; to go against, attack, assail

; to cross, traverse (accusative)

; (A1.) to begin to flow (said of the fluid which surrounds the fetus)

: Passive voice sriyate- (Aorist asāri-

), to be gone etc., grammar : Causal sārayati- or cl.10 P. (

) to cause to run

; to set in motion, strike (a lute)

; to remove, push aside (a braid of hair)

; put in array, to arrange (with dyūtam-,"the men on a chess-board")

; to make visible, show, manifest

; to nourish, foster (genitive case)

; A1. sārayate- (for sar/ayate-See saraya-,), to cause one's self to be driven, drive (in a carriage)

: pass. sāryate-, to be made to flow, discharge (excrement)

: Desiderative sisīrṣati-, to wish to run (vājam-,"a race")

: Intensive (confer, compare sarisrar/a-) s/arsṛte- (parasmE-pada s/arsrāṇa-See pra-sṛ-) or sarīṣarti-, to stride backwards and forwards

; to blow violently (as the wind)

[ confer, compare Greek ,;, ; Latin salire.]

śraddhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte- (pr. p. śraddadhat-, śrad-d/adhāna-;Ved. infinitive mood śraddh/e- see śr/at-above), to have faith or faithfulness, have belief or confidence, believe, be true or trustful (with na-,"to disbelieve"etc.)

etc. ; to credit, think anything true (two accusative)

etc. ; to believe or have faith in or be true to (with dative case,and in later language with genitive case of thing or person, or with locative case of thing)

etc. ; to expect anything (accusative) from (ablative)

; to consent, assent to, approve, welcome (with accusative;with na-,"to disapprove")

; to be desirous of (accusative), wish to (infinitive mood)

: Causal -dhāpayati-, to make faithful, render trustful, inspire confidence

sragaṇu

m. a mantra- or sacred text written in the form of a garland

(Scholiast or Commentator)

śrāmaṇera

m. (among Buddhists) a pupil or disciple admitted to the first degree of monkhood, a novice

śrambh

(also written srambh-;generally found with the prefix vi-;See vi-śrambh-,and see also ni-śṛmbh/a-, pra-śrabdhi-) cl.1 A1. śrambhate- (grammar also perfect tense śaśrambhe- future śrambhitā-etc.) , to be careless or negligent

; to trust, confide,

sraṃs

(or sras-;sometimes written śraṃś-or śraṃs-) cl.1 A1. (

) sraṃsate- (Epic and mc. also ti-; perfect tense sesraṃsa-, ṃsuḥ-

;3. plural -sraṃsire-

; Aorist asrat-

; asrasat-, srasema-

; asraṃsiṣṭa-

; future sraṃsitā-, sraṃsiṣyate- grammar;Ved. infinitive mood -sr/asas-; sraṃsitum- grammar; ind.p. sraṃsitvā-, srastvā-

; -sraṃsya-, -srasya-

etc.) , to fall, drop, fall down, slip off, get loose from (ablative)

etc. ; to fall asunder or to pieces

; to hang down, dangle, droop

; to be broken, perish, cease

; to go

: Passive voice srasyate- (Aorist asraṃsi-) grammar : Causal sraṃsayati- (Aorist asisrasat-; Passive voice sraṃsyate-), to cause to fall down, loosen

etc. ; to let hang (the belly)

; to disturb, remove, destroy

: Desiderative sisraṃsiṣate- grammar : Intensive sanīsrasyate-, sanīsraṃsti-

(see next) .

śraṅg

(also written ślaṅj-, śvaṅg-, svaṅg-) cl.1 P. śraṅgati- etc., to go, move

śraṅk

(also written ślaṅk-, sraṅk-) cl.1 A1. śraṅkate- etc., to go, move, creep

srek

(also written śrek-, sek-, svek-) cl.1 A1. srekate-, to go, move

śreṣṭha

mf(ā-)n. better, more, distinguished, superior, better than (ablative or genitive case)

etc.

śreṣṭhatā

f. (

) betterness, eminence, excellence, superiority.

śreṣṭhatara

mfn. more excellent, better than (ablative)

śreṣṭhatva

n. (

) betterness, eminence, excellence, superiority.

śreyas

mfn. (either Comparative degree of śrī-,or rather according to to native authorities of śrī-mat-or praśasya-; confer, compare Greek ) more splendid or beautiful, more excellent or distinguished, superior, preferable, better, better than (with ablative or with na-See below)

etc.

śreyas

n. (as-) the better state, the better fortune or condition (sometimes used when the subject of a sentence would seem to require the masc. form)

śreyas

ind. better, rather, rather than (used like varam-[q.v.] with na-; exempli gratia, 'for example' śreyo mṛtaṃ na jīvitam-,"better is death and not life"or"rather than life", or"death is better than life")

etc.

śreyaskara

mf(ī-)n. (śr/eyas--) making better or superior

śreyastara

mfn. very much better

śreyastva

n. betterness, superiority

śṛgāla

(also written śṛkāla-) m. a jackal etc. See sṛgāla-.

sṛgāla

m. (also written śṛgāla-;of doubtful derivation) , a jackal

etc.

śrī

mfn. diffusing light or radiance, splendid, radiant, beautifying, adorning (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';See agni--, adhvara--, kṣatra--, gaṇa--, jana-śrī-etc.)

[The word śrī-is frequently used as an honorific prefix (="sacred","holy") to the names of deities(exempli gratia, 'for example' śrī-durgā-, śrī-rāma-) , and may be repeated two, three, or even four times to express excessive veneration.(exempli gratia, 'for example' śrī-śrī-durgā- etc.);it is also used as a respectful title (like"Reverend") to the names of eminent persons as well as of celebrated works and sacred objects (exempli gratia, 'for example' śrī-jayadeva-, śrībhāgavata-), and is often placed at the beginning or back of letters, manuscripts, important documents etc.;also before the words caraṇa-and pāda-"feet", and even the end of personal names.]

śrīkaṇṭhacarita

n. Name of a poem (written by maṅkha- who lived in kaśmīra- in the 12th century A.D.)

śrīkāra

m. the word śrī- (written at the top of a book or letter etc.)

śrīkṛcchra

m. a kind of penance (living for three days on nothing but the liquid and solid excreta of a cow and on the grains of barley found in the latter),

śrīmatī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

śrīmukha

m. the word śrī- written on the back of a letter

śrīyukta

mfn. "endowed with śrī-", happy, fortunate, famous, illustrious, wealthy etc. (prefixed as an honorific title to the names of men, and in the common language written śrī-yut-)

śrīyuta

mfn. "endowed with śrī-", happy, fortunate, famous, illustrious, wealthy etc. (prefixed as an honorific title to the names of men, and in the common language written śrī-yut-)

sṛj

(see 1.2. sarj-) cl.6 P. (

) sṛj/ati- (Ved. and Epic also te-,and once in

s/arjati-; perfect tense sasarja-, sasṛj/e-[2. sg. according to to

, sasarjitha-and sasraṣṭha-,in

once sasarktha-];Vedic forms are sasṛjm/ahe-, jrire-, sasṛjyāt-, asasṛgram-; parasmE-pada sasṛjān/a- q.v; sasṛgm/ahe-; Aorist asrākṣīt-; /asṛkṣi-, /asṛṣṭa-[Ved. also /asṛgram-or ran-; /asarji-; asrāk-, asrāṭ-; srās-; srakṣat-; parasmE-pada sṛjān/a- q.v ]

; future sraṣṭā-

; srakṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood sraṣṭum-

etc.; ind.p. sṛṣṭvā-

; -s/ṛjya-

etc.; -s/argam-or -s/arjam-

), to let go or fly, discharge, throw, cast, hurl at (accusative or dative case)

etc. ; to cast or let go (a measuring line)

; to emit, pour forth, shed, cause to flow (rain, streams etc.)

etc. ; to utter (a sound)

; to turn or direct (glances)

; to let loose, cause (horses) to go quickly ; A1. "to speed, run, hasten"

; to release, set free

; to open (a door)

; to publish, proclaim

; to draw out and twist (a thread), twist, wind, spin (literally and figuratively; A1. sṛjyate-,"for one's self"; see

Va1rtt. 15 and

)

; (in older language only A1.) to emit from one's self id est create, procreate, produce, beget

etc. ; to procure, grant, bestow

etc. ; to use, employ

; to get, acquire, obtain, take (interest on money lent)

; to hang on, fasten to (locative case)

(perhaps asṛjat-, wrong reading for asajat-;See sañj-): Passive voice sṛjyate- (Aorist /asarji-), to be let loose or emitted or created

etc. etc.: Causal sarjayati-, te- (Aorist asasarjat-or asīsṛjat-), to cause to let loose, let go, create etc.

etc.: Desiderative sisṛkṣati-, te-, to wish to send forth or hurl or throw

; (A1.) to wish to produce or create

: Intensive sarīsṛjyate-, sarīsṛṣṭi- etc. grammar

sṛjāna

mfn. let go, poured out, shed, emitted, sent forth, hurled, thrown

sṛjya

mfn. to be let go or emitted or created

śṛṅkhala

m. n. (derivation doubtful) a chain, fetter (especially for confining the feet of an elephant)

śṛṅkhalā

f. a chain, fetter etc. (equals śṛṅkhala-)

śṛṅkhalabaddha

m. bound by a chain or fetter

śṛṅkhalābandha

m. (

) confining by chains or fetters.

śṛṅkhalābandhana

n. (

) confining by chains or fetters.

śṛṅkhalaya

Nom. P. yati-, to chain, fetter

śṛṅkhalita

mfn. chained, fettered, bound, confined

śrotrapeya

mfn. to be drunk in by the ear or attentively heard, worth hearing

śru

cl.5 P. (

) śṛṇ/oti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. śṛṇute-,and in

sg. śṛṇv/e-,2. sg. viṣ/e-,3. plural vir/e-[ confer, compare below]; imperative śṛṇu-, ṇudh/ī-and ṇuh/ī- plural śṛṇut/ā-, ṇota-and ṇotana-

; perfect tense śuśr/āva-[once in

with pass. sense], śuśruve-[2. sg. śuśrotha-,1. plural śuśruma-,in

also mas-; śuśravat-, śuśrūy/ās-

, parasmE-pada śuśruv/as- q.v ]; Aorist Ved. /aśravam-, /aśrot-,2. sg. śr/oṣi-; subjunctive śr/avat-, vathaḥ-;[?] śruvam-

; imperative śrudh/ī-, śr/otu-

; aśrauṣīt-

etc.; subjunctive śroṣan- imperative śroṣantu-

[ confer, compare śr/oṣamāṇa-]; preceding śrūy/āsam-

etc.; future śrotā-

; śroṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood śrotum-

etc.; ind.p. śrutv/ā-

etc.; -śr/utya-

etc.; śrāvam-

etc.) , to hear, listen or attend to anything (accusative), give ear to any one (accusative or genitive case), hear or learn anything about (accusative) or from (ablative genitive case instrumental case, mukhāt-or śakāśāt-), or that anything is (two accusative)

etc. ; to hear (from a teacher), study, learn

etc. ; to be attentive, be obedient, obey

etc.: Passive voice śrūy/ate- (Epic also ti-;and in

śṛṇve-etc.[ confer, compare above] with pass. meaning; Aorist aśrāvi-, śrāvi-), to be heard or perceived or learnt about (accusative) or from (genitive case ablative or mukhāt-;in later language often 3. sg. śrūyate- impersonal or used impersonally"it is heard","one hears or learns or reads in a book", ="it is said","it is written in (with locative case)"; imperative śrūyatām-,"let it be heard"="listen!")

etc. ; to be celebrated or renowned, be known as, pass for, be called (Nominal verb)

; to be heard or learnt (from a teacher)

; to be taught or stated (in a book)

; to be heard id est pronounced or employed (as a sound or word)

: Causal śrāv/ayati- (Epic also te-,in

also śrav/ayati-; Aorist aśuśravi-, vuḥ-

; aśuśruvat-

; aśiśravat- grammar; Passive voice śrāvyate-See below) , to cause to be heard or learnt, announce, proclaim, declare

etc. ; to cause to hear, inform, instruct, communicate, relate, tell (with accusative of thing, and accusative genitive case,or dative case of Persian,or with instrumental case in sense of "through")

etc.: Passive voice of Causal śrāvyate-, to be informed of (accusative)

etc.: Desiderative ś/uśrūṣate- (

; Epic or mc. also ti-; Passive voice śuśrūṣyate-), to wish or like to hear (accusative), desire to attend or listen to (dative case)

etc. ; to attend upon, serve, obey (accusative,rarely genitive case)

etc.: Causal of Desiderative śuśrūṣayati-, to wait upon, be at the service of (accusative)

: Desiderative of Causal śiśrāvayiṣati- or śuśrāvayiṣati- grammar : Intensive śośrūyate-, śośravīti-, śośroti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , equals śrudh/i-, equals śrut/a-etc.; Latin cluo,in-clutus; Slavonic or Slavonian sluti; German laut; English loud.])

sru

(incorrectly written śru-; confer, compare 2. śru-) cl.1 P. (

) sr/avati- (Epic and mc. also te-; perfect tense susrāva-, susruvuḥ-

etc.; susruve-

etc.; Aorist /asusrot-

; asrāvīt-

; asrauṣīt-[?]

; future srotā- grammar; sroṣyati-

; sraviṣyati-

; infinitive mood srotum- grammar; sr/avitave-, sr/avitav/ai-

), to flow, stream, gush forth, issue from (ablative,rarely instrumental case)

etc. ; to flow with, shed, emit, drop, distil (accusative)

etc. ; to leak, trickle

; to fail, not turn out well

; to waste away, perish, disappear

etc. ; to slip or issue out before the right time (said of a fetus)

; (with garbham-) to bring forth prematurely, miscarry

; to issue, arise or come from (ablative) ; to come in, accrue (as interest)

: Causal srāvayati- (in later language also sravayati-; Aorist asusravat-,or asisravat-), to cause to flow, shed, spill

; to set in motion, stir up, arouse

: Desiderative of Causal susrāvayiṣati- or sisrāvayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative susrūṣati-

: Intensive sosrūyate-, sosroti-

[ confer, compare Greek (for) , etc.; Lithuanian srave4ti; German stroum,Strom; Anglo-Saxon strea4m; English stream.]

sruc

f. (Nominal verb sr/uk-;prob. connected with sru-and sruv/a-) a sort of large wooden ladle (used for pouring clarified butter on a sacrificial fire;and properly made of palāśa- or khadira- wood and about as long as an arm, with a receptacle at the end of the size of a hand;three are enumerated, viz. juh/ū-, upabh/ṛt-,and dhruv/ā-,in which order they are used in sg. dual number,and plural)

srucya

m. (with or scilicet āghāra-) the sprinkling of clarified butter so performed

srughnī

f. (also written srug-ghnī-) natron, alkali

śruta

mfn. heard, listened to, heard about or of, taught, mentioned, orally transmitted or communicated from age to age

etc.

śruta

n. anything heard, that which has been heard (especially from the beginning), knowledge as heard by holy men and transmitted from generation to generation, oral tradition or revelation, sacred knowledge (in the

personified as a child of dharma- and medhā-), the veda-

etc.

śrutārtha

m. any matter ascertained by hearing

śrutasad

mfn. abiding in what is heard (id est in transmitted knowledge or tradition)

śrutatas

ind. with regard to orally transmitted knowledge or tradition

śrutavismṛta

mfn. heard and forgotten

śruti

f. that which has been heard or communicated from the beginning, sacred knowledge orally transmitted by the Brahmans from generation to generation, the veda- (id est sacred eternal sounds or words as eternally heard by certain holy sages called ṛṣi-s, and so differing from sm/ṛti-or what is only remembered and handed down in writing by human authorsSee

;it is properly only applied to the mantra- and brāhmaṇa- portion of the veda-s, although afterwards extended to the upaniṣad-s and other Vedic works including the darśana-s; iti śruteḥ-,"because it is so taught in the veda-, according to a śruti-or Vedic text "; plural"sacred texts, the veda-s", also"rites prescribed by the veda-s")

etc.

śrutigocara

mf(ā-)n. permitted to be heard by (genitive case)

śrutiprasādana

n. gratifying the ear, engaging the attention

śrutiviṣaya

m. subject-matter or doctrine of the veda-, any sacred matter or ordinance

śrutyanuprāsa

m. a kind of alliteration consisting in the repetition of consonants belonging to the same class or organ of utterance (exempli gratia, 'for example' the palatal letter j-and y-etc.)

sruva

m. (see sr/uc-) a small wooden ladle (with a double extremity, or two oval collateral excavations, used for pouring clarified melted butter into the large ladle or sruk- [see sr/uc-];sometimes also employed instead of the latter in libations)

etc.

stabaka

m. (according to to

also n.; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).;also written stavaka-;prob. connected with stamba-, stambaka-) a cluster of blossoms, bunch of flowers, nosegay, tuft

etc.

stambh

or stabh- (connected with skambh- q.v;in native lists written stanbh-) cl.5.9. P. (

) stabhn/oti-, stabhn/āti- (confer, compare

), or cl.1 A1. (

) st/ambhate- (pr. p. also stambhat-

, stabhamāna-[ q.v ]

; perfect tense tast/ambha-, mbhat-, tastabh/uḥ-, parasmE-pada tastabhv/as-, vānd-

; tastabhān/a-, tastambhe-

; Aorist /astambhīt-; astāmpsīt-

; astabhat- grammar; future stambhitā-, bhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood stabdhum-

; ind.p. stabdhv/ā-

etc.; stambhitvā-

; -st/abhya-and -stambham-

), to fix firmly, support, sustain, prop (especially the heavens)

; to support or hold up by contact with, reach up to (accusative)

; to stop, stop up, arrest, make stiff or immovable, paralyze

etc. ; (A1.) to rest or lean on (locative case)

; to become stiff or immovable

; to become solid

: Passive voice stabhyate- (Aorist astambhi-), to be firmly fixed or supported or propped etc.

etc.: Causal stabhāy/ati-, to make firm, support

; to stop, arrest

; stambhayati-, te- (Aorist atastambhat-), to fix, establish, erect

etc. ; to make stiff or rigid, paralyze

; to make solid

; to stop, arrest (also by magic) , suppress, check, restrain

: Desiderative tistambhiṣati- grammar : Intensive tāstabhyate-

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Lithuanian stambras,stimbras; German stampfo7n,stampfen; English stamp,stump.]

stambhaka

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

stan

(confer, compare 2. tan-) cl.1 P. (

) stanati- (once in

-stanase-;in

sg. stan-and 2. imperative stanihi-; perfect tense tastāna-, tastanuḥ- grammar; Aorist astānīt-

; future stanitā-, niṣyati- grammar), to resound, reverberate, roar, thunder

etc. ; to utter inarticulate sounds

: Causal stan/ayati- (Aorist atiṣṭanat-) idem or ' cl.1 P. stakati-, to strike against ' (stanayati-,"it thunders")

etc. ; crackle (as fire)

: Desiderative tistaniṣati- grammar : Intensive taṃstanyate-, taṃstanti-

(2. sg. imperative taṃstanīhi-See abhi-ṣṭan-). ([ confer, compare Greek ; Slavonic or Slavonian stenja; Anglo-Saxon stunian; German sto0hnen.])

staraṇa

n. the act of spreading or strewing or scattering (especially the sacrificial grass)

staraṇīya

mfn. to be spread or strewn or scattered

starīman

m. the act of spreading or scattering (only locative case maṇi-as infinitive mood)

sthāga

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

sthagara

n. (also written sthakara- see tagara-, tagaraka-) a particular fragrant substance or powder

sthalakālī

f. Name of a being attending on durgā-

sthāna

n. the place or organ of utterance of any sound (said to be 8 in number, viz. kaṇṭha-,"throat"; tālu-,"palate"; mūrdhan-,"top of palate"; danta-,"teeth"; oṣṭha-,"lips"; kaṇṭha-tālu-,"throat and palate"; kaṇṭh'-oṣṭha-,"throat and lips"; dant'-oṣṭha-,"teeth and lips";to which are added nāsikā-,"nose", said to be the place of utterance of true anusvāra-, and uras-,"chest", of visarga-)

sthānatas

ind. in regard to the place or organ of utterance

sthapati

m. a guard or attendant on the women's apartments, chamberlain

ṣṭheva

m. spitting, sputtering

stheya

n. (attention) is to be fixed on (locative case)

etc.

sthira

mf(/ā-)n. firm, not wavering or tottering, steady

sthira

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

ṣṭhīvana

mfn. spitting frequently, sputtering

sthūla

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

sthūlabuddhi

mfn. dull-witted, stupid

sthūladhī

mfn. dull-witted, stupid

sthūlapṛṣata

mf(ī-)n. coarsely spotted

sthūlībhūta

mfn. become large or thick, fattened

sthūlīkṛta

mfn. made large, enlarged, fattened

ṣṭhyūta

n. spitting, sputtering

ṣṭhyūti

f. spitting, sputtering out

stīrṇa

mfn. spread, strewn, scattered

etc.

stīrṇa

m. Name of a demon attendant on śiva-

stobhavat

mfn. attended with stobha-s

stṛ

(or stṝ-). cl.5.9. P. A1. (

) stṛṇ/oti-, stṛṇute- or stṛnāti-, striṇīt/e- (Ved. and Epic also st/arati-, te-; perfect tense tastāra-, tastare-[3. plural tastaruḥ-, tastarire-]

etc.;3. sg. [with pass. sense] tistir/e-

;3. plural tastrire-

; parasmE-pada A1. tistirāṇ/a-

; Aorist /astar-, star-

; astṛṣi-, astṛta-

; astarīt-

; astārṣīt-, astarīṣṭa-, astīrṣṭa- grammar; preceding stṛṣīya-

; staryāt-or stīryāt-; stṛṣīṣṭa-, starīṣīṣṭa-, stīrṣīṣṭa- grammar; future startā- grammar; stariṣyati-, te-[Gr. also starīṣ-]

etc.; infinitive mood startum-or starītum- grammar; st/artave-, tavai-, starītav/ai-

; st/arītave-

; -st/ire-, -stṛṇīṣ/aṇi-

; ind.p. stīrtv/ā-or stṛtv/ā-

; -stīrya-

; -stṛtya-

), to spread, spread out or about, strew, scatter (especially the sacrificial grass;in this sense in older language only cl.9 P. A1.)

; to spread over, bestrew, cover

etc. ; (cl.5. P. A1.) to lay low, overthrow, slay (an enemy)

: Passive voice stīryate- (ti-) or striy/ate- (grammar also staryate-; Aorist /astāri-), to be spread or strewn etc.

etc. etc.: Causal stārayati- (Aorist atastarat-), to spread, cover

: Desiderative tistīrṣate- or t/ustūrṣate- (grammar also P.and tistarīṣati-, te-), to wish to spread or strew or lay low

: Intensive tāstaryate-, testīryate-, tāstarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin sternere; Gothic straujan; German streuen; Anglo-Saxon streowian; English strew.])

stṝ

(or stṛ-). cl.5.9. P. A1. (

etc.;3. sg. [with pass. sense] tistir/e-

;3. plural tastrire-

; parasmE-pada A1. tistirāṇ/a-

; Aorist /astar-, star-

; astṛṣi-, astṛta-

; astarīt-

; astārṣīt-, astarīṣṭa-, astīrṣṭa- grammar; preceding stṛṣīya-

etc.; infinitive mood startum-or starītum- grammar; st/artave-, tavai-, starītav/ai-

; st/arītave-

; -st/ire-, -stṛṇīṣ/aṇi-

; ind.p. stīrtv/ā-or stṛtv/ā-

; -stīrya-

; -stṛtya-

), to spread, spread out or about, strew, scatter (especially the sacrificial grass;in this sense in older language only cl.9 P. A1.)

; to spread over, bestrew, cover

etc. ; (cl.5. P. A1.) to lay low, overthrow, slay (an enemy)

: Passive voice stīryate- (ti-) or striy/ate- (grammar also staryate-; Aorist /astāri-), to be spread or strewn etc.

etc. etc.: Causal stārayati- (Aorist atastarat-), to spread, cover

: Desiderative tistīrṣate- or t/ustūrṣate- (grammar also P.and tistarīṣati-, te-), to wish to spread or strew or lay low

stṛ

m. (only in plural Nominal verb stṛṇas-[?] genitive case stṛṇām-[ varia lectio stṝnām-]and instrumental case plural st/ṛbhis-; see t/ṛ- Nominal verb plural tāras-) a star (as the"light-strewer"or [pl.] the"scattered ones")

strīkārya

n. attendance on women

strīvṛta

mfn. surrounded or attended by women

stu

(prob. invented to serve as a root for the words below) , to be clotted or conglomerated ; to trickle.

stubh

(connected with1. stu-and stumbh-) cl.1 P. (

) st/obhati- (only in present tense base;3. sg. stobdhi-

; parasmE-pada A1. -stubhāna-

; grammar also perfect tense tuṣṭubhe-; future stobhitā-etc.), to utter a joyful sound, hum, make a succession of exclamations, shout (especially applied to the chanted interjections in a sāman-)

; cl.1 A1. stobhate-, to pause, stop, cause to stop, paralyze etc. (stambhe-)

: Causal stobhayati- (Aorist atuṣṭubhat-), to praise in successive exclamations, celebrate

[ confer, compare English stop.]

stubh

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') uttering joyful sounds, praising (see anu--, tri-ṣṭubh-, vṛṣa-stubh-etc.; according to to some stubh-in the first two compound means"stopping, pausing", the metre requiring regular stoppages or pauses;but see, anu-ṣṭubh-)

stumbh

(confer, compare stambh-and stubh-;in native lists written stunbh-) cl.5.9. P. stubhnoti-, stubhn/āti-, to stop, stupefy; expel (

). ([ confer, compare English stop, stump-.])

cl.5 P. A1. (

) sun/oti-, sunute- (in

plural sunv/anti-, sunvir/e-[with pass. sense] and suṣvati-; parasmE-pada sunv/at-or sunvān/a-[the latter with act. and pass. sense]

; perfect tense suṣāva-, suṣuma-etc.

; parasmE-pada in veda- suṣuv/as-and suṣvāṇ/a-[the later generally with pass. sense; according to to

, also suṣuvāṇa-with act. sense]; Aorist according to to grammar asāvīt-or asauṣīt-, asoṣṭa-or asaviṣṭa-;in

also imperative s/otu-, sut/am-,and p. [mostly pass.] suvān/a-[but the spoken form is svān/a-and so written in

, suv-in

];and 3. plural asuṣavuḥ-

; future sotā-

; soṣyati-

; saviṣyati-

; infinitive mood s/otave-, s/otos-

; sotum- grammar; ind.p. -s/utya-

; -sūya-

), to press out, extract (especially the juice from the soma- plant for libations)

; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits etc.) Scholiast or Commentator on

: Passive voice sūy/ate- (in

also A1.3. sg. sunve-and 3. plural sunvir/e-with pass. sense; Aorist /asāvi-

) : Causal -sāvayati- or -ṣāvayati- (See abhi-ṣu-and pra-su-; Aorist asūṣavat- according to to some asīṣavat-) grammar : Desiderative of Causal suṣāvayiṣati-

: Desiderative susūṣati-, te-

: Intensive soṣūyate-, soṣavīti-, soṣoti-

sū

(see 1. sū-and5. su-) cl.2 A1. (

) sūte- (1. sg. proper suve-,3. sg. imperfect tense asūta-;in later language also sūyate-[

] and in compound with pra-also -savati-and -sauti-[ see

]; perfect tense sasūva-

; suṣuv/e-

etc.; susāva-

etc.; Aorist asuṣot-

; ṣavuḥ-

; asoṣṭa-

; asauṣīt-and asaviṣṭa- grammar; future sotā-, savitā-

; soṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; saviṣyati-, te-

etc.; parasmE-pada f. s/ūṣyantī-

; soṣy/antī-[ sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]

; infinitive mood s/ūtave-

; sūtav/ai-

; s/avitave-

; sotum-or savitum- grammar; ind.p. sūtv/ā-

; -sūya-

etc.; -s/utya-

), to beget, procreate, bring forth, bear, produce, yield

etc. etc.: Passive voice sūyate- (Aorist asāvi-), to be begotten or brought forth

etc.: Causal sāvayati- grammar : Desiderative -susūṣati-

subāhu

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

śubhācārā

f. Name of a female attendant on umā-

subhaga

m. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śubhakarman

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śubhāśis

f. good wishes, benediction, blessing, congratulation

( śubhāśīrvacana śīrvacana- n. śubhāśīrvāda śīrvāda- m.[

],utterance of blessing or congratulation)

śubhavaktrā

f. "of auspicious face", Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śubhrakhādi

mfn. wearing glittering bracelets or rings (applied to the marut-s)

subhrū

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

subrahman

(-br/ahman-) mfn. attended with good prayers or having a good brahman- (priest)

sucakra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śuci

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') one who has acquitted himself of or discharged (a dutySee rahaḥ-ś-)

sūcīvaktra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śucy

(also written cucy-) cl.1 P. śucyati-, to distil (equals abhiṣave- q.v;others "to perform ablution")

sudāma

m. "giving well", Name of a cowherd attendant on kṛṣṇa-

sudāmā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

sudāman

m. of a cowherd attendant on kṛṣṇa-

sudaṃśita

mfn. well bitten

śuddha

mfn. cleared, acquitted, free from error, faultless, blameless, right, correct, accurate, exact, according to rule

śuddha

mfn. authorised, admitted

śuddha

mfn. whetted, sharp (as an arrow)

śuddhāntacara

mfn. attending on the women's apartments

śuddhāntacārin

mfn. attending on the women's apartments

śuddhāntapālaka

m. a guardian of or attendant in the women's apartments, eunuch

śuddhāntarakṣaka

m. a guardian of or attendant in the women's apartments, eunuch

śuddhavarṇa

mfn. well lettered, having clear words, perspicuous (as a speech)

śuddhimat

mfn. innocent, acquitted

sudharman

mfn. practising justice, attending well to duty

sudharmiṣṭha

mf(ā-)n. giving the strictest attention to one's duties, most virtuous

śudi

ind. (contracted fr. śukla-,or śuddha-and dina-,also written sudi-as if for su-dina-) in the light fortnight or light half of a lunar month

(see vadi-).

śūdrakakathā

f. Name of a tale (written by rāmila- and somila-)

śūdrasevana

n. attendance on a śūdra- master, the being in the service of a śūdra-

sudustyaja

mfn. very difficult to be abandoned or quitted

sugaṇā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

sugranthi

mfn. well knotted

suguptalekha

m. a very private letter or one written in cipher

sujīrṇaśatakhaṇḍamaya

mf(ī-)n. made of a hundred tattered rags

sūkara

m. a potter

sukhānvita

mfn. attended with happiness, happy

sukhodya

mfn. to be uttered easily or agreeably

śukla

n. fresh butter

sūkṣma

mf(ā-)n. (prob. connected with sūci-,) minute, small, fine, thin, narrow, short, feeble, trifling, insignificant, unimportant (with artha- m."a trifling matter")

etc.

sūkṣma

m. or n. an atom, intangible matter

etc.

śuktatiktakaṣāyaka

mfn. astringent and sour and bitter

sūktavāc

(or sūkt/a-vāc-) mfn. uttering a good speech etc.

sukusumā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śulbasūtra

n. Name of a sūtra- work (belonging to the śrauta- ritual and containing curious geometrical calculations and attempts at squaring the circle)

sulikhita

mfn. well written down, well registered

sumana

m. a spotted cow

sumandabuddhi

mfn. very dull-witted or much disheartened

sumaṅgala

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

sumaṇi

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

sumanman

mfn. uttering good wishes or prayers, very devout

śunahotra

m. of a son of kṣatra-vṛddha-

(written suna-h-).

sunakṣatra

m. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

sunāman

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

sunanda

m. of a sātvata- attending on kṛṣṇa-

sunandā

f. Name of umā- or a friend of umā- (dā-sahita-,"attended by sunandā-")

śunāsīra

m. sg. (also written sun-) Name of indra- (see vasuṃdharā-śun-)

etc.

śunāsīra

m. (plural) a particular class of gods (also written sun-)

sundaratara

mfn. better, very good ( sundarataram am- ind.)

suniśita

mfn. well whetted or sharpened

suparyāpta

mfn. well filled or fitted out (as a palace with various rooms and buildings)

supathintara

m. a better roads

suprabha

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

supraketa

mfn. very attentive

suprasāda

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

suprasādā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

supratiṣṭha

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

suprāvī

mfn. very attentive or mindful, very zealous

suprāvya

mfn. very attentive or mindful, very zealous

śūr

(also written sūr-) cl.4 A1. (

) śūryate-, to hurt, injure, kill (only in perfect tense śuśūre-,"he cut off [the head]"

) ; to be or make firm

; cl.10 A1. to be powerful or valiant (in this sense rather Nom.fr. next)

surabhighṛta

n. fragrant butter or ghee

śūraṇa

m. (also written sūraṇa-) Amorphophallus Campanulatus (the Telinga potato)

sūraṇa

n. (also written śūr-) Amorphophallus Campanulatus (see sūra-kanda-)

śūravarman

m. of a poet (also written sūra-v-)

sūrmi

f. or sūrm/ī- (rather fr. sṛ-than fr. su-+ ūrmi-;also written śūrmi-and śūrmī-) a pipe for conveying water

surocanā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

śūrpa

n. (and m. gaRa ardharcādi-;also written sūrpa-) a winnowing basket or fan (id est a kind of wicker receptacle which, when shaken about, serves as a fan for winnowing corn;also personified as a gandharva-)

etc.

śūrta

mfn. ( śṝ-) scattered, crushed, slain

(according to to

equals kṣipra-).

sūrya

m. the colocynth or bitter gourd

śūṣ

(also written sūṣ-) cl.1 P. śūṣati-, to bring forth, procreate (prasave-)

sūṣ

(also written śūṣ-) cl.1 P. sūṣati-, to bring forth ; (a child) , procreate

suṣā

f. (also written śuṣā-;for su-ṣā-See) black cumin or fennel

susabhājita

mfn. well honoured, treated with great attention or regard

suṣamā

f. (with jaina-s) the second ara- or spoke of a time-wheel in an avasarpiṇī-, and the fifth in an utsarpiṇī- (supposed to be a period in which continuous happiness is enjoyed by mankind;sometimes written su-khamā-)

susama

mf(ā-)n. better than middling

susamāhita

mfn. very intent or attentive, having the mind intently fixed or absorbed on a subject or object

etc.

suṣāman

m. (also written su-s-), Name of a man

(see

)

suṣaṃdhi

m. (also written su-s-) Name of a son of māndhātṛ-

suṣamidh

mfn. (also written su-s-) having good fuel, burning or lighting well

susaṃkaṭa

n. a great difficulty, very difficult matter or task

susampiṣṭa

(s/u--) mfn. much crushed or shattered

susamubdha

(s/u--) mfn. well bound or fettered

suṣavī

f. (also written suśavī-and susavī-) Name of various plants (Momordica Charantia;Nigella Indica etc.)

suścandra

mfn. glittering beautifully

śuṣi

f. a hole, chasm

(also written suṣi-)

suṣi

m. (also written śuṣi-) the hole of a reed or cane

suśīla

m. of a female attending on rādhā-

suṣira

mf(ā-)n. (prob. fr. su-+ sirā- q.v,also written śuṣ-) "having a good tube or channel", perforated, pierced, hollow

etc.

suśliṣṭaguṇa

mfn. having the strings tightly knotted (as a garland, suśliṣṭaguṇatā -tā- f.)

śuśrūṣaka

mfn. desirous of hearing, attentive, obedient, attending or waiting on (genitive case or compound)

etc.

śuśrūṣaka

m. an attendant, servant (comprehending five descriptions of persons, viz. a pupil, a religious pupil, a hired servant, an officer, and a slave)

śuśrūṣaṇa

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') attention to, maintenance of (fire)

śuśrūṣāpara

mfn. diligent or attentive in service

śuśrūṣeṇya

mfn. to be willingly heard or attended to

śuśrūṣitavya

mfn. to be obeyed or attended to

śuśrūṣitṛ

mfn. obedient, attending on (genitive case)

śuśrūṣu

mfn. eager to obey, obedient, attentive, serving, attending on (genitive case or compound)

suṣṭubh

mfn. uttering a shrill cry

suṣūta

(s/u--) mfn. well begotten

suṣūya

Nom. A1. yate- (also written susūya-; see 1. asūya-), to like, be fond of, enjoy (accusative)

susvāgata

mf(ā-)n. attended with a hearty welcome

suta

mfn. begotten, brought forth

sūta

m. (of doubtful derivation, prob. to be connected with1. sū-;for 1. 2. sūta-See pp. 1239 and 1240) a charioteer, driver, groom, equerry, master of the horse (especially an attendant on a king who in earlier literature is often mentioned together with the grāma-ṇ/ī-;in the epics also a royal herald or bard, whose business was to proclaim the heroic actions of the king and his ancestors, while he drove his chariot to battle, or on state occasions, and who had therefore to know by heart portions of the epic poems and ancient ballads;he is the son of a kṣatriya- by a brāhmaṇī- or of a Brahman [accord. to śāśvata- also of a śūdra-] and a kṣatriyā-;the most celebrated sūta- was loma-harṣaṇa- who was a pupil of vyāsa-)

etc. (

)

sūtigṛha

n. a lying in chamber (also written sūtī-gṛ-)

sutikta

mfn. very bitter or pungent

sutiktaka

m. "very bitter", Gentiana Chirayita

sūtra

n. a short sentence or aphoristic rule, and any work or manual consisting of strings of such rules hanging together like threads (these sūtra- works form manuals of teaching in ritual, philosophy, grammar etc.: exempli gratia, 'for example' in ritual there are first the śrauta-sūtra-s, and among them the kalpa-sūtra-s, founded directly on śruti- q.v; they form a kind of rubric to Vedic ceremonial, giving concise rules for the performance of every kind of sacrifice[

] ; other kinds of śruti- works are the gṛhya-sūtra-s and sāmayācārika- or dharma-sūtra-s id est"rules for domestic ceremonies and conventional customs", sometimes called collectively smārta-sūtra-s [as founded on smṛti-or"tradition"See smārta-]; these led to the later dharmaśāstra-s or"law-books"[

] ; in philosophy each system has its regular text-book of aphorisms written in sūtra-s by its supposed founder[

]; in vyākaraṇa- or grammar there are the celebrated sūtra-s of pāṇini- in eight books, which are the groundwork of a vast grammatical literature; with Buddhists, pāśupata-s etc. the term sūtra- is applied to original text books as opp. to explanatory works; with jaina-s they form part of the dṛṣṭivāda-)

sūtrabhid

m. "thread-cutter", a tailor

suvāha

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

suvaktra

n. good utterance or intonation

suvaktra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

suvarcas

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

suvarṇa

m. a bitter gourd, colocynth

suvida

m. "very knowing", an attendant on the women's apartments (equals sauvida-)

suviśālā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

suvrata

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

suvyasta

mfn. greatly dispersed or scattered (as an army)

suyata

mfn. well bound or fettered

suyukta

mfn. well composed, attentive

svadhā

f. "own portion or share", the sacrificial offering due to each god, (especially) the food or libation, or refreshing drink (see 2. su-dhā-) offered to the pitṛ-s or spirits of deceased ancestors (consisting of clarified butter etc. and often only a remainder of the havis-;also applied to other oblations or libations, and personified as a daughter of dakṣa- and wife of the pitṛ-s or of aṅgiras- or of a rudra- or of agni-)

etc.

svadhiti

mf. (also written śv-) an axe etc. (in

among the vajra-nāmāni-; dev/ī sv/adhitiḥ-,"heavenly axe", thunderbolt)

svādutiktakaṣāya

mfn. sweet and astringent and bitter

svādutiktakaṣāya

m. sweet and astringent and bitter taste

svādvamlatiktatubara

mfn. sweet and sour, bitter and astringent

svādvamlatiktatubara

m. sweet and sour and bitter and astringent taste

svagākartṛ

mfn. uttering the exclamation svagā-

svagākṛ

P. -karoti-, to utter the exclamation svagā-

svāgatavacana

n. the uttering of welcome, the word welcome

svāhākāra

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) utterance of or consecration by uttering svāhā- (also as a deity presiding over the prayāja-)

etc.

svāhākaraṇa

n. consecration by uttering svāhā-

śvaḥśreyasa

n. "better state on the morrow", progressive improvement

svaireṣu

ind. in optional or indifferent matters

svajanman

(sv/a--) mfn. self-begotten, own

svajāta

mfn. self-begotten

svajāta

m. a child begotten by one's self

svalikhita

n. any document or receipt written with one's own hand

svalpatantra

mfn. consisting of short sections, concisely written ( svalpatantratva -tva- n.)

svalpaviṣaya

m. a very small matter or object

a small part

svāmyasammata

mfn. unpermitted by a master, one who has not obtained an owner's permission

śvaṅg

(also written śraṅg-, svaṅg-etc.) cl.1 P. śvaṅgati-, to go, move

śvaṅk

(also written śraṅk-, svaṅk-) cl.1 A1. śvaṅkate-, to go, move

svara

m. tone in recitation etc. (either high or low), accent (of which there are three kinds, udātta-, anudātta-qq. vv., and svarita-, column 3), a note of the musical scale (of which seven [rarely six or eight] are enumerated, 1. niṣāda-;2. ṛṣabha-;3. gāndhāra-;4. ṣaḍja-;5. madhyama-;6. dhaivata-;7. pañcama-[described as resembling respectively the notes of an elephant, bull, goat, peacock, curlew or heron, horse, and Koil;and designated by their initial letters or syllables thus, ni-; ṛ-; ga-; ṣa-; ma-; dha-; pa-],but the order is sometimes changed, ṣadja-being placed first, and niṣāda-last)

etc.

svarabheda

m. indistinctness of utterance, hoarseness

svarṇagrīva

m. "gold-necked"Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

svaropadha

mfn. having a vowel as penultimate letter

svārtha

m. one's own affair or cause, personal matter or advantage, self-interest, one's own aim or object (also plural)

etc.

svārthet

mfn. attending to one's own affairs

svaścandra

(sv/a--) mfn. self-glittering, self-brilliant

śvāsin

mfn. aspirated (as a sound or letter)

svasti

ind. well, happily, successfully (also ="may it be well with thee! hail! health! adieu! be it!"a term of salutation [ especially in the beginning of letters] or of sanction or approbation)

svastika

m. a kind of bard (who utters words of welcome or eulogy)

svastika

m. any lucky or auspicious object, (especially) a kind of mystical cross or mark made on persons and things to denote good luck (it is shaped like a Greek cross with the extremities of the four arms bent round in the same direction;the majority of scholars regard it as a solar symbol;that is, as representing a curtailed form of the wheel of the Solar viṣṇu-, consisting of four spokes crossing each other at right angles with short fragments of the periphery of the circle at the end of each spoke turning round in one direction to denote the course of the Sun; according to to the late Sir

Cunningham it has no connexion with sun-worship, but its shape represents a monogram or interlacing of the letters of the auspicious words su ast/i-[ svasti-]in the aśoka- characters;amongst jaina-s it is one of the 24 auspicious marks and is the emblem of the seventh arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-)

svastika

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

svastimatī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

svastimukha

m. a letter (beginning with svasti-)

svastivācana

n. a religious rite preparatory to a sacrifice or any solemn observance (performed by scattering boiled rice on the ground and invoking blessings by the repetition of certain mantra-s;also applied to the fee or complimentary present of flowers, sweetmeats etc. offered to Brahmans on such occasions)

svastivācanaka

śvaśura

m. (prob. for originally svaśura-; see below) a father-in-law, husband's or wife's father (in the oldest language commonly the former, in the sūtra-s the latter, in Class. language both meanings;also applied to a maternal uncle and to any venerable person)

etc.

svayaṃkṛta

mf(/ā-)n. (or svay/aṃ-k-) made or performed or effected or committed or composed by one's self, natural, spontaneous (with vigraha-,"a war undertaken on one's own account")

etc.

śveta

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śveta

m. a mystical term for the letter s-

śveta

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

śveta

n. butter-milk and water mixed half and half

śvetapāda

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

śvetarasa

m. butter-milk and water mixed in equal parts

śvetasiddha

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śvetavaktra

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

śvi

(connected with śū-;sometimes written śvā-) cl.1 P. (

) śv/ayati- (perfect tense śiśvāya-,or śuśāva- grammar; Aorist /aśvat-

, aśvayīt-

; preceding śūyāt- grammar; future śvayitā-, śvayiṣyati-

; infinitive mood śv/ayitum-

), to swell, grow, increase

etc.: Passive voice śūyate- (Aorist aśvāyi-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- '

: Causal śvāyayati- (Aorist aśiśvayat-[

]or aśūśavat-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- ' grammar : Desiderative of Causal śiśvāyayiṣati- or śuśāvayiṣati-

: Desiderative śiśvayiṣati-

: Intensive śeśvīyate- (

), śośūyate- ; śeśvayīti-, śeśveti-, to swell much.

svīkārapattra

n. a written document or will disposing of one's property

svīkṛ

(sv/ī--) P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute- (the latter older and more correct) , to make one's own, win, appropriate, claim

etc. ; to take to one's self, choose (with or without bhāryārthe-,"to take for a wife, marry"; snuṣā-tvena-,"for a daughter-in-law")

; to win power over (hearts etc.)

; (A1.) to admit, assent or agree to, ratify

: Causal -kārayati-, to cause any one to appropriate, present any one with (two accusative)

svīkṛta

mfn. appropriated, accepted, admitted, claimed, agreed, assented to, promised

svṛ

(also written svar-) cl.1 P. (

) sv/arati- (perfect tense sasvāra-;3. sg. subjunctive [?] sasv/ar-

; Aorist asvār-, asvārṣṭām-

; asvārīḥ-

; asvārīt-and asvārṣīt- grammar; future svaritā-, svartā-, svariṣyati-

; infinitive mood svaritos-

; svaritum-, svartum- grammar; ind.p. -svāram-

), to utter a sound, sound, resound

; to make (accusative) resound

; to sing, praise

; to shine

: Causal svarayati- (Aorist asisravat-; Passive voice svaryate-), to pronounce or mark with the svarita- accent

: Desiderative sisvariṣati-, susvūrṣati- grammar : Intensive sāsvaryate-, sāsvarti-

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin susurrus; German schwirren,Schwarm; English swarm.]

syāla

m. (also written śyāla-,of doubtful derivation) the brother of a bride, a wife's brother (in later literature especially the brother-in-law or favourite of a king see 2. śakāra-)

etc.

śyāmaśabala

m. dual number "black and spotted", yama-'s two watch-dogs (regarded as sons of saramā- see

)

(

) .

śyāmikā

f. a white-spotted blackish deer

śyāna

mfn. viscous, sticky, adhesive (as clarified butter)

tad

(Nominal verb and accusative sg. n.of and base in compound for 2. t/a-from which latter all the cases of this pronoun are formed except Nominal verb sg. m. s/as-or s/a-& f. s/ā-; instrumental case plural t/ais-

etc.;Ved. t/ebhis-

etc.) m. he f. she n. it, that, this (often correlative of y/a-generally standing in the preceding clause exempli gratia, 'for example' yasya buddhiḥ sa balavān-,"of whom there is intellect he is strong";sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, connected with the 1st and 2nd personal pronouns, with other demonstratives and with relatives exempli gratia, 'for example' so 'ham-,"I that very person, I myself"[ tasya- equals mama-

]; tāv imau-,"those very two"; tad etad ākhyānam-,"that very tale"

; yat tat kāraṇam-,"that very reason which"

; yā sā śrī-,"that very fortune which"

)

etc.

taḍitprabhā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

tadviṣayaka

mfn. attending to that business

taittirīyasaṃhitā

f. the saṃhitā- of the taittirīya-s (chief recension of the Black YV. , on the origin of which

has the following legend: the YV. was first taught by vaiśampāyana- to 27 pupils, among whom was yājñavalkya-;subsequently V. being offended with Y. bade him disgorge the veda- committed to him, which he did in a tangible form;whereupon the older disciples of V. being commanded to pick it up, took the form of partridges, and swallowed the soiled texts, hence named"black";the other name taittirīya-referring to the partridges. Y. then received from the Sun a new or white version of the YV. , called from Y.'s patronymic vājasaneyin-).

ṭakāra

m. the letter or sound ṭ-.

takāra

m. the letter t

takra

n. (gaRa nyaṅkv-ādi-) buttermilk mixed with (a third part of) water

etc.

takrakurcikā

f. inspissated buttermilk

takramāṃsa

n. meat fried with ghee and eaten with buttermilk

takrasāra

n. fresh butter

takṣaka

m. (

) "a cutter" See kāṣṭha--, vṛkṣa--

takṣan

m. (Ved. accusative kṣaṇam-,class. kṣaṇam-

) a wood-cutter, carpenter,

etc.

takṣaṇa

m. a cutter, abrader

takṣitṛ

mfn. a cutter

tālavya

mfn. palatal (the letters i-, e-and ai-[called kaṇṭha-t-,"belonging to throat and palate"

], c-, ch-, j-, jh-, ñ-, y-, ś-)

tālusthāna

mfn. palatal (a letter)

tāmasa

m. of an attendant of śiva-

tamontakṛt

m. "darkness-finisher", Name of an attendant of skanda-

tāmracūḍā

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

tānasvara

mfn. uttered monotonously,

tāṇḍavita

mfn. "moving round in a wild dance", fluttering

taṇḍu

m. Name of an attendant of śiva- (bharata-'s teacher in the art of dancing see tāṇḍava-).

ṭaṅka

mn. (

) a spade, hoe, hatchet, stone-cutter's chisel

etc.

tānta

m. "end of ta- ", a mystical Name of the letter th-

tāntānta

m. "end of tānta- ", a mystical Name of the letter d-

tantrāvāpa

n. sg. "attention to the affairs of both one's own and an enemy's country" ([

]), and"drugs and their preparation"

tanu

mf(us-, /ūs-, vī-)n. thin, slender, attenuated, emaciated, small, little, minute, delicate, fine (texture

)

etc. (in compound gaRa kaḍārādi-;also equals -dagdha-

)

tanūkaraṇa

n. making thin, attenuation

tapa

m. Name of an attendant of śiva-

tāpasavatsarāja

Name (also title or epithet) of a nāṭaka- (by anaṅga-harṣa-, written before 850

D.).

tāpinī

f. a mystical Name of the letter v-

tarala

mf(ā-)n. glittering

taskaravṛtti

m. a purse-cutter

tāta

m. (t/āta-) vocative case a term of affection addressed to a junior ([

etc.]) or senior [i, 6796

etc.] , addressed to several persons

; in the latter use also vocative case plural

(B);i, 6820f.iv, 133;[ confer, compare ; Latin tataetc.]

tathāsvara

mfn. uttered with the same accent

tatpara

mf(ā-)n. having that as one's highest object or aim, totally devoted or addicted to, attending closely to, eagerly engaged in (locative case [

]or generally in compound)

etc.

tattvanyāsa

m. "application of true principles", Name of a ceremony in honour of viṣṇu- (application of mystical letters etc. to parts of the body while prayers are recited),

tedanī

f. blood or clotted blood

(?)

(nī-).

tejanī

f. a number of reeds or straw etc. twisted or matted together, tuft, mat

tejas

n. fresh butter

tejas

n. a mystical Name of the letter $

tejita

mfn. sharpened, whetted (arrows)

tha

aspirate of the preceding letter.

ṭhakāra

m. the letter ṭh-

thakāra

m. the letter or sound th-.

thutthukāraka

mfn. one who smacks his lips in eating (not admitted into the

brotherhood)

tīkṣṇā

f. a mystical Name of the letter p-,

tīkṣṇabuddhi

mfn. sharp-witted.

tīkṣṇāmla

mfn. bitter and sour,

tikta

mfn. bitter (one of the 6 modifications of taste, rasa-), pungent

etc.

tikta

m. a bitter taste, pungency

tiktabījā

f. "bitter-seeded" equals -tumbī-

tiktadhātu

m. "bitter elementary substance (of the body)", bile

tiktadugdhā

f. "having a bitter milky sap", Odina pinnata

tiktaghṛta

n. ghee prepared with bitter herbs,

(see ktaha-).

tiktaka

mfn. bitter, (n.) anything having a bitter flavour

(with sarpis- equals kta-ghṛta-,iv, 9, 9)

tiktapattra

m. "bitter-leaved", Momordica mixta

tiktaphala

m. "bitter-fruited" equals -marica-

tiktapuṣpā

f. "bitter-flowered", Clypea hernandifolia

tiktaśāka

n. a bitter (or a fragrant) pot-herb

tiktāsya

mfn. having a bitter (taste in the) mouth,

( tiktāsyatā -tā- f.abstr.) .

tiktatumbī

f. a bitter gourd (kaṭu-t-)

tiktāya

Nom. yate-, to have a bitter flavour

timiracchid

m. "darkness-splitter", the sun

tiraścīnapṛsni

(śc/īna--) mfn. spotted across

tirodhā

-dadhāti- (perfect tense -dadhe-), to set aside, remove, conquer

(also Pass, -dhīyate- Scholiast or Commentator): A1. -dhatte- (perfect tense -dadhe-) to hide one's self from (ablative), disappear

tiryagja

mfn. born or begotten by an animal

tiryagvātasevā

f. "attending the side-wind", urining or evacuation by stool

traiśīrṣa

mf(ā-)n. relating to (id est committed against) the three-headed (tri-śīrṣan-) viśva-rūpa- (a murder)

tridaśeśvarī

f. Name of a female attendant of durgā-

tripadī

f. an elephant's fetter

trita

m. "third"(), Name of a Vedic deity (associated with the marut-s, vāyu-, and indra-;fighting like the latter with tvāṣṭra-, vṛtra-, and other demons;called āptya- [ q.v ],"water-deity", and supposed to reside in the remotest regions of the world, whence[

]the idea of wishing to remove calamity to tvāṣṭra-, and the view of the trita-s being the keepers of nectar[

] , similarly

[

]the notion of trita-'s bestowing long life;also conceived as an inferior deity conquering the demons by order and with the help of indra-[

];fallen into a well he begged aid from the gods [

];as to this last myth

relates that 3 ṛṣi-s, ekata-, dvita-, and trita-, parched with thirst, looked about and found a well, and when tvāṣṭra- began to draw water, the other two, desirous of his property, pushed him down and closed up the well with a wheel;shut up there, tvāṣṭra- composed a hymn to the gods, and managed miraculously to prepare the sacrificial soma-, that he might drink it himself, or offer it to the deities and so be extricated: this is alluded to in

[ confer, compare

] and described in

;also

makes him a ṛṣi-, and he is the supposed author of

;in epic legends[

] ekata-, dvita-, and tvāṣṭra- are described as 3 brothers, sons of gautama- or of prajā-pati- or brahmā-;elsewhere tvāṣṭra- is one of the 12 sons of manu- cākṣuṣa- by naḍvalā-

; confer, compare traitan/a-; Zend Thrita;, , etc.)

trivṛt

f. equals tā-

(generally written tṛ-v-)

tṛtīyāsamāsa

m. a tat-puruṣa- compound the former member of which would stand in the instrumental case if separated from the latter

Va1rtt. 6.

truṭi

f. Name of one of the mothers attending on skanda-

often incorrectly written for nu-

tuhara

m. Name of two attendants of skanda-

tuhāra

m. Name of two attendants of skanda-

tumburu

m. of a gandharva-

etc. ("attendant of the 5th arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-"

)

tumula

n. (Latin) tumultus-, tumult, clatter, confusion

(once m.

) etc.

tūṣṇīṃjapa

m. a prayer muttered silently

tvac

f. a mystical Name of the letter ya-

tvacīyas

mfn. having a better skin

tveṣa

mf(/ā-)n. brilliant, glittering

tveṣadyumna

(ṣ/a--) mfn. having glittering brilliancy,

tviṣ

(cl.1. tveṣati-, te-

; Aorist atvikṣat-[ see

]

; plural /atviṣur-, ṣanta-, /atitviṣanta-; perfect tense titviṣ/e-, parasmE-pada ṣāṇ/a-) A1. to be violently agitated or moved or excited or troubled

; (P.)

; P. A1. to excite, instigate

; to shine, glitter,

(pr. p. tviṣyat-) ; see ava--.

tviṣ

f. light, brilliance, glitter, splendour, beauty, authority

etc.

tyajapa

(ty/a--) m. that (id est a lower kind of) muttering (opposed to mahājap/a-)

tyājya

mfn. (

vArttika) to be left or abandoned or quitted or shunned or expelled or removed

etc.

the fifth letter and third short vowel of the alphabet, pronounced as the u in full.

ind. on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative exempli gratia, 'for example' ya u-,he on the contrary who etc.) This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id- and eva-, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu-, vai-, hi-, cid-, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' ay/am u vām purut/amo-.. johavīti-[

], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you etc.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/am u stuṣa /indram t/am gṛṇīṣe-[

], him I praise, indra-, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English"now" (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ad u t/athā n/a kuryāt-[

], that now he should not do in such a manner) , and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a u t/ac ciketa-[

], who, I ask, should know that?) pāṇini- calls this particle uñ- to distinguish it from the interrogative u-. In the pada-pāṭha- it is written ūm-. In the classical language u- occurs only after atha-, na-, and kim-, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (See kim-)

the sixth letter of the alphabet (corresponding toulong, and having the sound of that letter in the wordrule).

uccar

(ud-car-) P. A1. -carati-, -te- ([

]), to go upwards, ascend, rise (as the sun) , issue forth, go forth

etc. ; to let the contents (of anything) issue out ; to empty the body by evacuations

; to emit (sounds), utter, pronounce

etc. ; to quit, leave

; to sin against, be unfaithful to (a husband) ; to trespass against

: Causal P. -cārayati-, to cause to go forth ; to evacuate the body by excretion, discharge feces

; to emit, cause to sound, utter, pronounce, declare

uccāra

m. pronunciation, utterance.

uccaraṇa

n. uttering, articulating.

uccāraṇajña

m. a linguist, one skilled in utterances or sounds

uccāraṇārtha

mfn. necessary for pronunciation, a redundant letter etc. (only used to make pronunciation easy)

uccārayitṛ

mfn. one who utters or pronounces commentator or commentary on

uccārin

mfn. emitting sounds, uttering

uccarita

mfn. uttered, articulated

uccārita

mfn. pronounced, uttered, articulated

uccārya

ind.p. having spoken or uttered.

uccāryamāṇa

mfn. being uttered or pronounced.

ucchiṣṭabhojana

m. the attendant upon an idol (whose food is the leavings of offerings)

in those rare cases, in which it appears in the veda- uncompounded with a verb, the latter has to be supplied from the context (exempli gratia, 'for example' /ud /utsam śat/adhāram-

,out (pour) a fountain of a hundred streams) . ud- is sometimes repeated in the veda- to fill out the verse

(kiṃ na ud ud u harṣase dātavā u-

) ([ confer, compare Zend uz; Hibernian or Irish uasand in compositionos,ois exempli gratia, 'for example' os-car,"a leap, bound", etc.See also uttam/a-,1. /uttara-,etc.])

udakīrṇa

m. the tree Galedupa Piscidia (the bark of which is ground and scattered on water to stupefy fishes)

udakīrya

m. the tree Galedupa Piscidia (the bark of which is ground and scattered on water to stupefy fishes)

udañc

P. -acati- ([Ved.]) and -añcati-, to elevate, raise up, lift up, throw up

etc. ; to ladle out

commentator or commentary on

; to cause, effect

; to rise, arise

; to resound

: Passive voice -acyate-, to be thrown out ; to come forth, proceed

: Causal -añcayati-, to draw up, raise, elevate

; to send forth, utter, cause to resound (See ud-añcita-).

udañcita

mfn. uttered, caused to resound

udaśvit

n. a mixture (consisting of equal parts of water and buttermilk)

udbhāvana

n. passing over, inattention, neglect, disregard

udbhrama

m. Name of a class of beings attending on śiva-

udbila

mfn. emerged from a hole, (an animal) that has quitted its hole

uddāmaya

Nom. P. uddāmayati-, to unfetter, cause to come forth

uddhṛta

mfn. dispersed, scattered

uddhūta

mfn. thrown upwards, tossed up, scattered above

udgārin

mfn. uttering, causing to sound

udgha

m. a model, pattern

udghātyaka

m. abrupt interruption in the prologue of a drama (where an actor suddenly strikes in with an irrelevant remark caused by his having mistaken a word uttered by another actor)

udghoṣaḍiṇḍima

m. a drum beaten by a town-crier (to attract attention in the streets)

udgīrya

ind.p. having omitted or ejected etc.

udgṝ

P. -girati-, to eject (from the mouth), spit out, vomit out or up, belch out ; to pour out, discharge, spout

etc. ; to force out (a sound), utter ; to breathe out ; to raise from

etc.: Causal P. -girayati- (irregular), to raise (sounds), utter

udīr

A1. -īrte- (3. plural -/īrate-

; imperative 2. sg. -īrṣva-

; imperfect tense -airata-

; parasmE-pada -/īrāṇa-

) P. (subjunctive 3. sg. -/īrat-

; Aorist 2. dual number -airatam-

) to bring or fetch out of

; to rise, start off (in order to go or to come)

; to move upwards, ascend ; to arise, originate

; to honour, respect

; (in class. Sanskrit only ud-īrṇa-occurs) : Causal -īrayati-, to bring or fetch out of

; to cause to rise or move ; to raise, rouse, excite

; to throw or cast upwards ; to cast, discharge, drive forward

etc. ; to cause to come forth or appear

; to raise one's voice ; to utter, speak

etc. ; to procure, cause, effect

; to excite, raise, enhance, multiply, increase

etc. ; to extol, glorify

; to stir up, urge, stimulate

; to rise, start off

: Passive voice -īryate-, to be cast or thrown upwards

; to be excited, be roused or stirred up

etc. ; to be uttered or announced or enunciated ; to pass for

; to sound ; to issue forth.

udīrita

mfn. said, uttered, enunciated.

udīrya

mfn. to be uttered etc.

udīrya

ind.p. having uttered etc.

udra

m. ( ud-

), a kind of aquatic animal (a crab commentator or commentary on

;an otter

and

)

uḍumbara

m. (in Vedic or Veda written with d-,in Class. generally with ḍ-), the tree Ficus Glomerata

etc.

udvad

P. -vadati- (infinitive mood /ud-vaditos-

) to raise one's voice, utter, speak, pronounce

: Causal -vādayati-, to cause to proclaim ; to cause to resound

udvāś

A1. -vāśyate-, to address in a weeping voice or while uttering lamentations

udveṣṭ

A1. -veṣṭate-, to wind or twist upwards, writhe

: Causal P. -veṣṭayati-, to untwist

; to open, unseal (a letter)

udveṣṭana

mfn. freed from bonds or ties, unbound, unfettered

ūh

cl.1 P. A1. ūhati-, -te- (Ved. ohate-), ūhāṃ-cakāra-, etc. (by native authorities not distinguished from 1. ūh-above ), to observe, mark, note, attend to, heed, regard

; to expect, hope for, wait for, listen for

; to comprehend, conceive, conjecture, guess, suppose, infer, reason, deliberate upon

etc.: Causal ūhayati- (Aorist aujihat-), to consider, heed

; to cause to suppose or infer

ujjhita

mfn. emitted, discharged (as water)

ujjhitavat

mfn. one who has emitted or discharged

ukāra

m. the letter or sound u-.

ūkāra

m. the letter or sound ū-

ukṣ

cl.1 P. A1. ukṣ/ati-, ukṣ/ate- (parasmE-pada /ukṣat-

ukṣamāṇa-

; ukṣāṃ-cakāra-[

;for vav/akṣa-etc.See vakṣ-]; /aukṣat-and /aukṣīt-, ukṣitum-) to sprinkle, moisten, wet

etc. ; to sprinkle or scatter in small drops ; to emit ; to throw out, scatter (as sparks)

etc. ; to emit seed (as a bull) ; to be strong

: Causal A1. ukṣayate-, to strengthen

; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian Ukana: Hibernian or Irish uisg,uisge,"water, a river";uisgeach,"aquatic, watery, fluid, moist, pluvial:" Greek , : Latin u1veo(forugveo),Umor,etc.])

ukṣan

m. Name of the soma- (as sprinkling or scattering small drops)

ukta

mfn. (past participle of vac- q.v, ukt/a-

), uttered, said, spoken

uktamāśra

mfn. merely uttered,

uktatva

n. the being spoken or uttered

uktha

n. (in the ritual) a kind of recitation or certain recited verses forming a subdivision of the śastra-s (they generally form a series, and are recited in contradistinction to the sāman- verses which are sung and to the yajus- or muttered sacrificial formulas)

etc.

ukthaśaṃsin

mfn. uttering the uktha-s.

ukthaśas

(in strong cases śās-) mfn. uttering a verse, praising

ukthaśasa

mfn. uttering a verse, praising

ukthin

mfn. uttering verses, praising, lauding

ullap

( ud-lap-), Causal -lāpayati-, to flatter, coax, caress

ullāpaka

n. a coaxing or flattering speech

ullāpana

n. the act of coaxing, flattering

ullekhya

mfn. to be written

ulūka

n. a kind of grass (equals ulapa-)

(confer, compare Latin ulula; Greek ; Old High German u1la; Anglo-Saxon u1le; modern German Eule; English owl; Fr.hulotte.)

ūnarātri

f. "defective by a night", a N. applied to a particular lunar day (which is omitted if two lunar days end in one solar day)

unmātha

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

unmattapralapita

n. the chatter of a madman

unmṛṣṭa

mfn. rubbed or wiped off, effaced, blotted out

unmuc

(ud-muc-) P. A1. -muñcati-, -te- (imperative 2. sg. -mumugdhi-

; Aorist 2. sg. -amukṣās-

) to unbind, unfasten

; to unfasten one's self, get loose (only A1.)

; to pull off, take off (clothes etc.)

etc. ; to unseal (a letter)

; to liberate, set free

etc. ; to send away, throw off ; to sling ; to give out, utter

: Causal -mocayati-, to unbind, unfasten, set free

unmukhīkāra

m. the causing to look at, excitement of attention

unmukhīkaraṇa

n. the causing to look at, excitement of attention

unmukta

mfn. thrown out, uttered

unna

mfn. wetted, wet, moistened, moist

etc.

unnah

(ud-nah-) P. -nahyati-, to tie up, bind up ; to free from fetters or ties, push out

; to free one's self from fetters, rush out, get out

unnahana

(fr. nahana-with ud-in the sense of "apart") , freed from fetters, unfettered, unbound

unnidhā

(ud-ni-dhā-) A1. -dhatte-, to hold above

upabhūṣ

P. -bhūṣati-, to approach (in order to revere)

; to regard, be careful, pay attention to, observe, obey

upacar

P. -carati-, to go towards, come near, approach

; to come near, wait upon, serve, attend, assist, bear a hand

etc. ; to approach, set about, undertake, perform

; to attend on (a patient), physic (a person), treat, tend, nurse

; to use figuratively or metaphorically, apply figuratively (generally Passive voice -caryate-)

upācar

P. -carati-, to come near to, approach

; to attend upon, wait on, serve, be obedient

; to physic

upacara

m. attendance, cure

(see sūpacara-.)

upacāra

m. approach, service, attendance

upacāra

m. attendance on a patient, medical practice, physicking

upacaraṇīya

mfn. to be attended

upacārin

mfn. attending upon, serving

upacarita

mfn. approached, attended

upacaritavya

mfn. to be attended or waited upon

upacaritavya

mfn. to be respected or revered or treated with attention

upacaritavyā

f. service, attendance

upacaritavyā

f. attendance on a patient

upacarya

ind.p. having approached, having attended etc.

upacārya

mfn. to be attended upon, to be treated with attention

upacchand

( upa-chand-), Causal -cchandayati-, to conciliate (privately by flattering or coaxing language), coax, entice ; to seduce

; to supplicate, beg

upacīrṇa

mfn. attended upon, assisted

(= vañcita-,"deceived"

)

upādā

A1. -datte-, (once P. perfect tense 3. plural -dadus-

) to receive, accept, gain, acquire, appropriate to one's self, take away, carry off, steal

etc. ; to take with ; to take in addition, include, comprise ; to take as help, use, employ, apply

(see upā-dāya-) ; to seize, lay hold of, gather, take up, draw up

etc. ; to assume (a form or meaning)

etc. ; to cling to ; to feel, perceive, experience

etc. ; to consider, regard

; to mention, enumerate ; to set about, undertake, begin

etc.: Causal P. -dāpayati-, to cause to use or employ commentator or commentary on

: Desiderative P. -ditsati-, to strive to acquire

upadhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to place or lay upon, place near to, put on or into ; to place, lay, put

etc. ; to put to, yoke (horses)

; to give or make over, hand over (knowledge), teach

; to impose, lay upon, commit, consign

; to place under one's self, lie down upon

; to place in addition, add, connect

etc. ; to communicate, cause to share in ; to use, employ ; (in grammar) to lie or be placed close to, precede without the intervention of another syllable

etc. ; to cause to rest upon or depend on

upadhā

f. (in grammar) a penultimate letter

etc.

upādhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to place upon, put on

; to seize, lay hold of, take up

; to keep, hold back

; to seduce (a woman)

upadhālopa

m. elision of the penultimate letter.

upadhmānīya

m. the visarga- (q.v) as pronounced before the letters p- and ph-

upadhvasta

mfn. speckled, spotted

(see dhvasta-.)

upahāra

m. (with the pāśupata-s) a kind of religious service (consisting of laughter, song, dance, muttering huḍuk-,adoration and pious ejaculation)

upahata

mfn. scattered over, covered commentator or commentary on

upajana

m. addition of a letter (in the formation of a word), letters or syllables or affixes added

upakaraṇa

n. the attendants of a king

upakiraṇa

n. the act of scattering or throwing over, covering up (with earth), burying

upaklinna

mfn. rotten, putrid

upakḷpta

mfn. equipped, adapted, fitted for, brought near

etc.

upakṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter or throw down, scatter upon ; to pour upon, besprinkle, bestrew

etc. ; upa-s-kṝ- (with s-inserted or perhaps original) P. -skirati-, to cut up, split ; to hurt

upakram

P. -krāmati- (rarely -kramati-) A1. -kramate-, to go near, approach, come to

; to rush upon, attack (only P.by

)

; to approach with any object, have recourse to, set about, undertake, begin (with accusative dative case or infinitive mood only A1.by

)

etc. ; to treat, attend on (as a physician)

upakrama

m. attendance (on a patient), treatment, practice or application of medicine, physicking

etc.

upakramaṇa

n. attendance (on a patient), treatment

upakramaṇīya

mfn. treating of attendance (on a patient).

upakramya

mfn. to be attended or treated (as a patient)

upakrānta

mfn. treated, attended on, cured

etc.

upākṛta

mfn. attended with evil omens, disastrous, calamitous

upalakṣ

P. A1. -lakṣayati-, -te-, to look at, observe, behold, perceive

etc. ; to pay attention to, regard

; to regard or value as

; to distinguish, mark ; to distinguish by a secondary or unessential mark ; to imply in addition, designate implicitly

: Passive voice -lakṣyate-, to be observed etc. ; to be implied

commentator or commentary on

upalakṣaka

mfn. observing closely or with attention

upamanthitṛ

mfn. one who stirs or churns (butter etc.)

upāṃśu

m. a prayer uttered in a low voice (so as not to be overheard)

etc.

upāṃśutā

f. the being uttered in a low voice or whisper

commentator or commentary on

upāṃśutva

n. the being uttered in a low voice or whisper

commentator or commentary on

upāṃśuyāja

m. a sacrifice offered silently or with muttered prayers

upanam

P. -namati-, to bend towards or inwards ; to tend towards, approach, come to, arrive at ; to fall to one's share or lot, become one's property, share in (with accusative dative case,or genitive case)

etc. ; to come to one's mind, occur

; to attend upon any one (accusative) with (instrumental case) ; to gain the favour of any one (accusative)

: Causal -nāmayati-, to put or place before (genitive case)

; to lead towards or into the presence of, present any one (genitive case)

; to reach, hand to

; to offer, present

upanandaka

m. of a being attendant on skanda-

upanibaddha

mfn. written, composed, arranged

commentator or commentary on

, on

etc.

upanidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put or place down near to, put or place before

; to place down, conceal ; to deposit, intrust ; to bring near, lead near to

; to produce, cause

upāñj

( upa-añj-) P. -anakti-, to smear or anoint (with butter), grease (exempli gratia, 'for example' a wheel)

;

upānta

n. the last letter but one

upapad

A1. -padyate-, (rarely P.) -ti-, to go towards or against, attack

; to approach, come to, arrive at, enter

; to approach or come to a teacher (as a pupil)

; to approach for succour or protection ; to approach or join with in speech

; to reach, obtain, partake of ; to enter into any state

; to take place, come forth, be produced, appear, occur, happen ; to be present, exist

; to be possible, be fit for or adequate to (with locative case)

etc. ; to be regular or according to rules ; to become, be suitable

etc.: Causal P. -pādayati-, to bring to any state (with two accusative) ; to cause anything (accusative) to arrive at (locative case or dative case), cause to come into the possession of, offer, present

etc. ; to cause to come forth or exist ; to accomplish, effect, cause, produce

etc. ; to get ready, prepare, make fit or adequate for, make conformable to

; to furnish or provide or endow with

etc. ; to make anything out of

; to examine ; to find out, ascertain

etc. ; to prove, justify

commentator or commentary on

etc. ; to attend on a patient, physic

upapātakin

mfn. one who has committed an upa-pātaka- or minor offence

upaprabhid

P. (imperfect tense -pr/ābhinat-) to crumble and scatter

upaprabhūṣ

P. (subjunctive 3. plural -bh/ūṣan-) to attend to, observe

upari

ind. (as a separable adverb) above, upon, on, upwards, towards the upper side of (opposed to adhas-and, nīcā- exempli gratia, 'for example' upari-yā-,to go upwards;sometimes written with a following word as if compounded with itSee below)

upās

( upa-ās-) A1. -āste-, to sit by the side of, sit near at hand (in order to honour or wait upon)

etc. ; to wait upon, approach respectfully, serve, honour, revere, respect, acknowledge, do homage, worship, be devoted or attached to

etc. ; to esteem or regard or consider as, take for

; to pay attention to, be intent upon or engaged in, perform, converse or have intercourse with

etc. ; to sit near, be in waiting for, remain in expectation, expect, wait for

; to sit, occupy a place, abide in, reside

; to be present at, partake of (exempli gratia, 'for example' a sacrifice)

; to approach, go towards, draw near (exempli gratia, 'for example' an enemy's town) , arrive at, obtain

; to enter into any state, undergo, suffer

; to remain or continue in any action or situation (with present tense parasmE-pada or ind.p.)

etc. ; to employ, use, make subservient

upasad

f. (t-) attendance, worship, service

upasaṃdhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put to, add, annex, increase

; to put together, join, connect

; to bring together with, cause to partake of

; to place before one's self, aim at, take into consideration.

upasaṃgṛhya

embracing (especially pādau-or pādayoḥ-,the feet of a revered person;the word pādau-being not unfrequently omitted)

etc.

upasaṃśri

P. A1. -śrayati-, -te-, to join, attach one's self to

; to devote one's self to, serve, attend

upasaṃviś

P. -viśati-, to gather round, environ (in order to attend)

; to lie down by the side of

: Causal -veśayati-, to cause to lie or sit down by the side of,

upāsana

f(ā-)n. serving, waiting upon, service, attendance, respect

etc.

upāsanārtha

mfn. worthy of attendance.

upāsanīya

mfn. to be attended on, worthy to be engaged in.

upaśānta

mfn. ceased, extinct, intermitted

upasev

A1. -sevate-, to frequent, visit, abide or stay at (a place)

; to stay with a person, attend on, serve, do homage, honour, worship

etc. ; to have sexual intercourse with (accusative)

; to practise, pursue, cultivate, study, make use of, be addicted to

upāsīna

mfn. attending on, serving etc.

upāsitavya

mfn. to be attended on

upaśrita

mfn. placed near, brought to the attention of

upasṛṣṭa

mfn. admitted (as the calf to its mother;also applied to the milk at the time of the calf's sucking)

upaśruti

f. giving ear to, listening attentively

upaśruti

f. a kind of supernatural oracular voice (answering questions about future events, and supposed to be uttered by an idol after mystic invocations, vidhāna-pārijāta-

)

etc., (see śakunopa-)

upastambha

m. (less correctly written upa-ṣṭambha-) stay, support, strengthening

commentator or commentary on

upastambhaka

mfn. (less correctly written upa-ṣṭa-) supporting, promoting, encouraging

commentator or commentary on

upastaraṇa

n. scattering grass (round the āhavanīya- and gārhapatya- fire, accompanied with the mantra- ubhāv agnī upa-stṛṇate-) commentator or commentary on

upasthā

P. A1. -tiṣṭhati-, -te- (irregular Aorist Potential 3. plural -stheṣus-

) to stand or place one's self near, be present (A1.if no object follows

) ; to stand by the side of, place one's self near, expose one's self to (with locative case or accusative)

etc. ; to place one's self before (in order to ask), approach, apply to

etc. ; to come together or meet with, become friendly with, conciliate (only A1. vArttika on

) ; to lead towards (as a way, only A1.

) ; to go or betake one's self to

; to stand near in order to serve, attend, serve

etc. ; to attend on, worship (only A1.

, exempli gratia, 'for example' arkam upatiṣṭhate-,he worships the sun;but arkam upatiṣṭhati-,he exposes himself to the sun

)

etc. ; to serve with, be of service or serviceable by, attend on with prayers (exempli gratia, 'for example' aindryā gārhapatyam upatiṣṭhate-,he attends on the gārhapatya- with a ṛc- addressed to indra-;but bhartāraṃ upatiṣṭhati yauvanena-,(she) attends on her husband with youthfulness

)

etc. ; to stand under (in order to support), approach for assistance, be near at hand or at the disposal of

etc. ; to fall to one's share, come to the possession of

etc. ; to rise against

; to start, set out

: Causal -sthāpayati-, to cause to stand by the side of, place before, cause to lie down by the side of (exempli gratia, 'for example' a woman)

etc. ; to cause to come near, bring near, procure, fetch

etc. ; (in grammar) to add iti- after a word (in the pada-pāṭha-)

(see upasthita-).

upasthāna

n. coming into the presence of, going near to (in order to worship), worshipping, waiting on, attendance

etc.

upasthānīya

mfn. to be attended on or served

upasthānīya

mfn. (upasthānīya-), one who is to attend on (genitive case)

upasthāpaka

mfn. causing to turn one's attention (to a past event or one of a former birth), causing to remember

upasthātavya

mfn. to be attended upon with

upasthātṛ

mfn. one who is near at hand, an attendant, servant, waiter, nurse

upasthāya

attending on etc.

upastheya

mfn. to be attended on or worshipped

upastīrṇa

mfn. spread or scattered over

upastṛ

P. A1. -stṛṇāti-, -stṛṇīte- (A1.1. sg. -st/ire-

; infinitive mood -st/ire-

; infinitive mood used as imperative -stṛṇiṣ/ani-

[ see gṛnīṣaṇi-under1. gṝ-]) to spread over, cover with, clothe, wrap up

; to spread out under, spread or lay under, scatter under

; to scatter round, surround (the āhavanīya- and gārhapatya- fire with grass)

; (at sacrifices) to pour out (especially clarified butter) , pour out so as to form a lower layer or substratum

upāsya

mfn. to be attended on

upavad

P. -vadati-, to speak ill of, decry, abuse, curse

; to speak to, address

: A1. -vadate-, to talk over, conciliate ; to flatter ; to cajole, court secretly

upavapana

n. scattering,

upāvasṛṣṭa

mfn. admitted (as a calf to its mother)

upāvasṛṣṭa

n. the milk of a cow at the time when its calf is admitted (see upa-sṛṣṭa-)

upayāma

m. Name of the verses (

) uttered in ladling out the soma- juice

upayaṣṭri

m. the priest who utters the above formulas

upekṣitavya

mfn. to be regarded or paid attention to

upita

mfn. scattered, sown

upta

mfn. scattered, sown, planted, put in the ground

etc.

upya

mfn. (see under2. vap-) to be scattered or sown

urarīkṛta

mfn. admitted, adopted

ūrdhvapṛśni

mfn. spotted above

urdra

m. equals udra-, an otter

ururātri

f. the latter portion of the night, late at night commentator or commentary on

ūṣa

m. dawn, daybreak

(in the latter sense also n.

)

uśij

m. boiled butter, ghee

uṣṭrajihva

m. Name of a being attending on skanda-

utkara

m. anything dug out or scattered upwards, rubbish

etc.

utkarṣa

m. elevation, increase, rising to something better, prosperity

utkarṣin

mfn. superior, better

utkīrṇa

mfn. heaped up, scattered

utkṝ

(ud-kṝ-) P. -kirati-, to scatter upwards ; to pile up, heap up

; to dig up or out, excavate

etc. ; to engrave

utkrāthinī

f. Name (also title or epithet) of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-,

utkṣepalipi

m. a kind of written character,

utkūj

(ud-kūj-) P. -kūjati-, to utter a wailing monotonous note or coo (as a bird)

utpādita

mfn. generated, begotten.

utpādya

ind.p. having produced, having begotten etc.

utpavana

n. the act of sprinkling clarified butter or other fluids on the sacrificial fire (with two blades of kuśa- grass, the ends of which are held in either hand and the centre dipped into the liquid)

utprekṣ

( ud-pra-īkṣ-) A1. -prekṣate-, to look up to (with attention, as a pupil to his teacher who occupies an elevated seat)

; to observe, regard ; to look out or at

; to expect

; to reflect on the past

; to use (a word) figuratively ; to transfer (with locative case)

; to take anything for another, compare one thing with another, illustrate by a simile ; to fancy, imagine

; to ascribe, impute.

utsi

(ud-si-) P. -sin/āti-, to fetter, chain

utsita

mfn. fettered, entangled

; 3.

uttara

mfn. later, following, subsequent, latter, concluding, posterior, future

etc. (opposed to pūrva-,etc. exempli gratia, 'for example' uttaraḥ kālaḥ-,future time; uttaraṃ vākyam-,a following speech, answer, reply; phalam uttaram-,subsequent result, future consequence; varṣottareṣu-,in future years)

uttara

mfn. better, more excellent

uttara

n. result, the chief or prevalent result or characteristic, what remains or is left, conclusion, remainder, excess, over and above, (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' bhayottara-,attended with danger, having danger as the result; dharmottara-,chiefly characterized by virtue; ṣaṣṭy-uttaraṃ sahasram-,one thousand with an excess of sixty, id est 1060; saptottaraṃ śatam-,107)

uttaraja

mfn. born in the latter (or last-mentioned kind of wedlock)

uttarapāda

m. a division of legal practice (that part which relates to the reply or defence, four divisions being admitted in every suit).

uttarārdha

n. the latter half

uttaravayasa

n. the latter or declining years of life

uttejita

mfn. whetted, sharpened, furbished, polished

ūvarṇa

m. the letter or sound ū-

vac

cl.2 P. (

) vakti- (occurs only in sg. vacmi-, vakṣi-, vakti-,and imperative vaktu-; Vedic or Veda also cl.3 P. v/ivakti-; perfect tense uv/āca-, ūj-

etc.; uv/aktha-

; vavāca-, vavakṣ/e-

; Aorist avocat-, cata-

etc.;in veda- also subjunctive vocati-, te-, vecāti-; Potential voc/et-, ceta-; imperative vocatu-; preceding ucyāsam-

; future vakt/ā-

etc.; vakṣy/ati-

etc.; te-

; Conditional avakṣyat-

; infinitive mood vāktum-

etc.; tave-

; tos-

; ind.p. uktv/ā-

etc.; -/ucya-

), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with accusative with or without prati- dative case or genitive case of Persian,and accusative of thing;often with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca-,"he spoke this speech to him";with double accusative also"to name, call"A1.with nom;"one's self";with punar-,"to speak again, repeat";or "to answer, reply")

etc. ; to reproach, revile (accusative)

: Passive voice ucy/ate- (Aorist avāci-,or in later language avoci-), to be spoken or said or told or uttered etc.

etc. (yad ucyate-,"what the saying is") ; to resound

; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (Nominal verb

also locative case)

etc.: Causal vācayati-, te- (Potential vācayīta-

; Aorist avīvacat-; Passive voice vācyate-), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with, double accusative;often the object is to be supplied)

etc. ; to cause anything written or printed to speak id est to read out loud

etc. ; (

) to say, tell, declare

; to promise

: Desiderative vivakṣati-, te- (Passive voice vivakṣyate-), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare

etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant

: Intensive (only /avāvacīt-) to call or cry aloud

[ confer, compare Greek for in, etc.; Latin vocare,vox; German gi-waht,gi-wahinnen,er-wähnen.]

vāc

f. (fr. vac-) speech, voice, talk, language (also of animals), sound (also of inanimate objects as of the stones used for pressing, of a drum etc.)

etc. (vācam-ṛ-, īr-,or iṣ-,to raise the voice, utter a sound, cry, call)

vāc

f. a word, saying, phrase, sentence, statement, asseveration

etc. (vācaṃ-vad-,to speak words; vācaṃ vyā-hṛ-,to utter words; vācaṃ-dā-with dative case,to address words to; vācā satyaṃ-kṛ-,to promise verbally in marriage, plight troth)

vācāla

mf(ā-)n. talkative, chattering (said also of birds)

vacana

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) the act of speaking, utterance,

vacanīya

mfn. to be spoken or uttered, mentionable

vacas

n. an oracular utterance (declarative of some future fate or destiny)

vacasyu

mfn. (for 1.See) tottering, staggering, wavering

vācikahāraka

m. a letter, epistle

vācikapattra

n. a written agreement or contract

vācikapattra

n. a letter, dispatch

vācikapattra

n. a newspaper, gazette

vad

cl.1 P. A1. (

) v/adati-, te- (Epic mc. also vādati-; Potential udeyam-

; perfect tense uvāda- plural ūdim/a-

; ūde-etc.

; veditha-, dailuḥ-, duḥ-

; Aorist avādīt-, diṣuḥ-

etc.; subjunctive vādiṣaḥ-

; avādiran-

; vadiṣma-, ṣihāḥ-

; preceding udyāt-

; future vadiṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood v/aditos-

; vaditum-

etc.; ind.p. uditvā-

; -udya-

), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P.or A1.;with accusative of the thing said, and accusative [with or without abhi-]or genitive case,or locative case of the person addressed;also followed by yad-,"that", or by yadi-,"whether")

etc. ; (P.) to praise, recommend

; to adjudge, adjudicate

; to indicate, designate

; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak

etc. ; to allege, affirm

; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two accusative or accusative and Nominal verb with iti-)

etc. ; (with or scilicet vācam-) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and 9.)

etc. ; (A1.) to say, tell, speak to (accusative)

etc. ; to mention, state, communicate, name

; to confer or dispute about

; to contend, quarrel

; to lay claim to (locative case)

; to be an authority, be eminent in (locative case)

; to triumph, exult

: Passive voice udy/ate- (Aorist avādi-), to be said or spoken etc.

: Causal vād/ayati- m.c. also te- (see

; Aorist avīvadat-; Passive voice vādyate-, Epic also ti-), to cause to speak or say

; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instrumental case,rarely locative case of the instrument)

etc. ; to play music

; (with bahu-) to make much ado about one's self.

; to cause a musical instrument (accusative) to be played by (instrumental case)

Va1rtt. 2

; to speak, recite, rehearse

: Desiderative vivadiṣati-, te-, to desire to speak,

: Intensive v/āvadīti- (

), vāvady/ate-, (

), vāvatti- (grammar), to speak or sound aloud. [ confer, compare Lit.vadi4nti.]

vāda

m. speech, discourse, talk, utterance, statement

etc.

vaḍaba

m. (also written vaḍav/a-, baḍav/a-, baḍab/a-) a male horse resembling a mare (and therefore attracting the stallion)

vaḍabā

f. (also written v/adavā-, b/aḍavā-, b/aḍabā-) a female horse, mare

etc.

vadh

(also written badh-; confer, compare bādh-;properly only used in the Aorist and preceding tenses avadhīt-and dhiṣṭa-; vadhyāt-and vadhiṣīṣṭa-

;the other tenses being supplied by han-; confer, compare

;but in Vedic or Veda and Epic poetry also present tense vadhati-; Potential vadhet-; future vadhiṣyati-, te-;other Vedic or Veda forms are Aorist avadhīm-, v/ahīm- subjunctive vadhiṣaḥ-; badhīḥ-

; preceding badhyāsam-, suḥ-

), to strike, slay, kill, murder, defeat, destroy

etc. etc.: Passive voice vadhyate-, ti- (Aorist avadhi-), to be slain or killed

: Causal vadhayati-, to kill, slay

[a. Greek .]

vadhra

mn. (also written badhra-; see bandh-) a leathern strap or thong,

vadhrya

m. (also written badhrya-) a shoe, slipper

vadhya

mfn. (frequently written b/adhya-) to be slain or killed, to be capitally punished, to be corporally chastised (see under vadha-), sentenced, a criminal

etc.

vādita

mfn. (fr. Causal of vad-) made to speak or to be uttered etc.

vādya

mfn. to be said or spoken or pronounced or uttered

vāgapahāraka

mfn. "word-stealer", one who appropriates to himself what has been spoken or written by others, a reader of prohibited works or passages

vāgdoṣa

m. uttering a disagreeable sound

vagvana

mfn. talkative, chattering

vāgviniḥsṛta

mfn. emitted or put forth by speech

vahīyas

mfn. (Comparative degree) drawing or driving or carrying better, swifter

vahni

m. a mystical Name of the letter r-

vahnibhogya

n. "that which is to be consumed by fire", ghee or clarified butter

vahya

n. a portable bed, litter, palanquin

vāhyāśva

m. (also written bāhy-) Name of a man

vaidala

n. the shallow cup or platter belonging to a religious mendicant

vaideha

m. an attendant on the woman's apartments

vaikharī

f. speech in the fourth of its four stages from the first stirring of the air or breath, articulate utterance, that utterance of sounds or words which is complete as consisting of full and intelligible sentences

vainītaka

m. n. (fr. vi-nīta-) a kind of litter, a palanquin etc. (with bearers relieving one another)

vaiśvānaravat

mfn. attended or connected with fire

vaitālin

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vaitānika

n. a burnt-offering (especially of clarified butter, as presented daily by the Brahmans)

vāja

n. (only

) ghee or clarified butter

vājasaneyisaṃhitā

f. "the saṃhitā- or continuous text of the vājasaneyin-s" (id est of the hymns of the White yajur-veda- ascribed to the ṛṣi- yājñavalkya- and called śukla-,"white", to distinguish it from the Black or Dark yajur-veda-, which was the name given to the taittirīya-saṃhitā- [q.v.] of the yajur-veda-, because in this last, the separation between the mantra- and brāhmaṇa- portion is obscured, and the two are blended together;whereas the White saṃhitā- is clearly distinguished from the brāhmaṇa-;it is divided into 40 adhyāya-s with 303 anuvāka-s, comprising 1975 sections or kaṇḍikā-s: the legend relates that the original yajus- was taught by the ṛṣi- vaiśampāyana- to his pupil yājñavalkya-, but the latter having incurred his teacher's anger was made to disgorge all the texts he had learnt, which were then picked up by vaiśampāyana-'s other disciples in the form of partridges [see taittirīya-saṃhitā-] yājñavalkya- then hymned the Sun, who gratified by his homage, appeared in the form of a vājin-or horse, and consented to give him fresh yajus- texts, which were not known to his former master; see vājin-)

vajrāṃśuka

n. cloth marked with various patterns

vajranābha

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vāka

m. plural chattering, murmuring, humming

vakāra

m. the letter or sound va-

vakman

n. utterance, speech, hymn of praise (?)

vakrapada

n. a cloth marked with various patterns

vaktavya

mf(ā-)n. to be (or being) spoken or said or uttered or declared, fit to be said or spoken etc.

etc. etc. (n. impersonal or used impersonally"it should be said"etc.)

vaktrabhedin

mfn. "mouth-cutting", pungent, bitter

vaktratāla

n. a wind-instrument (said also to mean"making a noise by striking the mouth with the hand at the moment of uttering sound")

(see vakrato-).

vaktva

mfn. to be uttered or spoken

vākyastha

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') attentive to words, obsequious

vākyasthita

mfn. attentive to what is said

vākyatā

f. in gadgada-v-, a stammering utterance

vāla

m. (later form of 1. vāra-;also written bāla- q.v) the hair of any animal's tail (especially of a horse's tail), any tail or hair

etc.

vālakhilya

n. (also written bāl-,of doubtful derivation) Name of a collection of 11 (according to to some only 6 or 8) hymns of the ṛg-- veda- (commonly inserted after viii, 48, but numbered separately as a supplement by some editors;they are also called vālakhilyāḥ-,with or scilicet mantrāḥ-,or ṛcaḥ-,and daśatī vālakhilyakā-)

etc.

valaṃruja

mfn. shattering caverns

valgita

mfn. fluttering, moving to and fro

valgita

n. shaking, fluttering

valgitakaṇṭha

mfn. uttering a pleasant sound (in the throat)

valh

(also written balh-; see barh-) cl.1 A1. valhate- to be excellent

; to speak ; to kill ; to hurt ; "to give"or"to cover" (dāna- varia lectio chādana-)

; cl.10 P. valhayati-,"to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-,or bhāsārthe-)

vāli

m. (also written bāli-) equals vālin- Name of a monkey

vālika

m. plural (also written bālika-) Name of a people

vālin

m. (also written bālin-) "haired or tailed", Name of a daitya-

vallīpada

n. a kind of cloth with various markings or patterns

valśa

m. (also written b/alśa-) a shoot, branch, twig

vālukā

f. sg. and plural (more commonly written bālukā-;of doubtful derivation) sand, gravel

vāma

m. of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vāmana

m. of one of the 18 attendants of the Sun

vāmanavṛttiṭīkā

f. Name of maheśvara-'s commentator or commentary on the latter work

vāmanikā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vāmanīkṛta

mfn. pressed down, flattened

vāṃśika

m. a bamboo-cutter

vaṇ

(also written baṇ-) cl.1 P. vaṇati- (perfect tense vavāṇa-etc.; Causal Aorist avīvaṇat-,or avavāṇat-), to sound

vāṇa

m. (fr. vaṇ-;often written bāṇa- q.v) sounding, a sound

vāṇa

m. music (especially of flutes, harps etc.)

(here written bāṇ/a-)

vanacchid

m. a woodcutter

vanakhaṇḍa

n. "group of trees", copse, wood

(also written. ṣaṇḍa-).

vanamālikā

f. Name of one of rādhā-'s female attendants

vañc

(see 2. vak-) cl.1 P. (

) v/añcati- (grammar also perfect tense vavañca-; future vañc/ita- ciṣyati-; Aorist avañcīt-; preceding vacyāt-; infinitive mood vañc/itum-; ind.p. vañcitvā-, vacitvā-,or vaktvā-), to move to and fro, go crookedly, totter, stagger, waver

; to go, go to, arrive at (accusative)

; to go slyly or secretly, sneak along

; to pass over, wander over, go astray

: Passive voice vacy/ate-, to move or rock to and fro, hurry along, speed

; to be moved (in the heart), be poured forth, issue forth (as hymns or prayers)

: Causal vañcayati-, te- (Aorist avavañcat-), to move or go away from, avoid, shun, escape (mostly P.and with accusative)

etc. ; to cause to go astray, deceive, cheat, defraud of (instrumental case or ablative;in these senses more properly A1.,but sometimes also P.; Passive voice vañcyate-)

: Desiderative vivañciṣate- grammar : Intensive vanīvacyate-, vanīvañcīti-

vaṇḍara

m. a eunuch or attendant on the women's apartments

vandhura

n. (also written bandhura-;rather fr. 2. van+dhura-than fr. bandh-) the seat of a charioteer, the fore part of a chariot or place at the end of the shafts, a carriage-seat or driver's box

(see tri-v-).

vandhya

mf(ā-)n. (also written bandhya- q.v,and perhaps to be connected with bandh-) barren, unfruitful, unproductive (said of women, female animals and plants)

etc.

vandīka

m. (also written bandh-) Name of indra-

vaṇij

m. (also written baṇ/ij-) a merchant, trader

etc.

vāṇija

m. (also written bāṇij/a-;fr. vaṇij-) a merchant, trader

(see

) the submarine fire (supposed to be at the south-pole)

vañjula

m. Name of a river (written bañjula-)

vaṇṭ

(also written baṇṭ-) cl.1.10. P. vaṇṭati- or vaṇṭayati- (according to to some also vaṇṭāpayati-), to partition, apportion, share, divide

;

(only vaṇṭyate-

vaṇṭyamāna-

, varia lectio)

vap

cl.1 P. A1. (

) v/apati-, te- (Potential upet-

; perfect tense uvāpa-, ūp/uḥ-; ūpe-

etc.; vavāpa-

; -vepe-

; Aorist avāpsīt-

etc.; avapta- grammar; Potential upyāt-

; future vaptā-

; vapsy/ati-

; vapiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood vaptum- grammar; ind.p. uptvā-

; -/upya-

etc.), to strew, scatter (especially seed) , sow, bestrew

etc. ; to throw, cast (dice)

; to procreate, beget (See vapus-and 2. vaptṛ-) ; to throw or heap up, dam up

: Passive voice upy/ate- (Aorist vāpi-

), to be strewn or sown

etc. etc.: Causal vāpayati- (Aorist avlvapat- grammar) to sow, plant, put in the ground

: Desiderative vivapsati-, te- grammar : Intensive vāvapyate-, vāvapti-

vāpana

n. the act of scattering or sowing

vapanīya

mfn. to be scattered or sown (n. impersonal or used impersonally)

vāpī

f. any pond (made by scattering or damming up earth), a large oblong pond, an oblong reservoir of water, tank, pool, lake

etc. (see krīḍā-v-)

vāpita

mfn. (fr. Causal) scattered, sown

vaptṛ

m. one who shears, a shearer, cutter, shaver

vaptṛ

m. one who shears, a shearer, cutter, shaver

vapuṣmatī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending upon skanda-

vāpya

mfn. to be scattered or sown or cast or thrown

vara

mf(ā-)n. better, preferable, better than (ablative,rarely genitive case) or among (ablative)

etc.

varabālhīka

n. saffron

(written vāhlīka-).

varada

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vārāhī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

varājya

n. the choicest ghee or clarified butter

varam

ind. (am-) (gaRa svar-ādi-) preferably, rather, better (also = preferable, sometimes with ablative which in veda- is often followed by ā- exempli gratia, 'for example' agn/ibhyo v/aram-,"better than fires"

; s/akkibhya /ā v/aram-,"better than companions"

;exceptionally with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' śiṣyaiḥ śata-hutān homān-, ekaḥ putra-kut varam-,"better one sacrifice offered by a son than a hundred offered by disciples"

)

etc.

varam

ind. it is better that, it would be best if (with present tense exempli gratia, 'for example' varaṃ gacchāmi-,"it is better that I go";or with imperative exempli gratia, 'for example' varaṃ naye sthāpyatām-,"it would be better if he were initiated into our plan"

;or without any verb exempli gratia, 'for example' varaṃ siṃhāt-,"better [death caused] by a lion"

;sometimes with Potential,e.g. varaṃ tat kuryāt-,"better that he should do that"

)

etc.

varam

ind. it is better than, rather than (in these senses varam-is followed by, na-, na ca- na tu-, na punaḥ- tad api na-or tathāpi na-,with Nominal verb exempli gratia, 'for example' varaṃ mṛśyur nacākīrtiḥ-,"better death than [lit."and not"] infamy";exceptionally with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' varam eko guṇī putro ta ca mūrkha-śatair api-,"better one virtuous son than hundreds of fools"

; na hi-varam-,"by no mean - but rather")

etc.

varāṇasī

f. the city of Benares (more usually written vārāṇasī- see varaṇasī-;two small rivers, the varaṇā- and asī- are said to join or give rise to the nameSee

vārāṇasī

f. the city Benares (more properly written Banaras; according to to

so called after the names of two rivers, varaṇā-and asi-,or asī-;also written vāṇārasī- q.v, varāṇasī-or vāraṇasī-)

etc.

vārbaṭa

m. (also written vārvaṭa-; see vāvuṭa-) a ship, boat

vardhamāna

m. a dish or platter of a particular shape (sometimes used as a lid or cover for water-jars etc.)

vardhamānī

f. Name of a commentator or commentary written by vardhamāna-

vardhana

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

vārdhrīṇasa

m. (also written nasa-) (fr. vārdhrī-+ nasa-for nāsā-) a rhinoceros (prob. so called as having a leather-like snout)

(according to to some also "a bird with a black neck, red head, and white wings")

varga

m. (especially) any series or group of words classified together (as manuṣya-vanas-pati-v-etc.), or a class or series of consonants in the alphabet (seven such classes being given, viz. ka-varga-,"the class of Guttural letters"ca-kāra-v-,or ca-v-,"the Palatals"; ṭa-v-"the Cerebrals"; ta-v-"the Dentals"; pa-v-"the Labials"; ya-v-"the Semivowels"; śa-v-"the Sibilants", and the aspirate h- see varga-dvitīya-and -prathama-)

vargadvitīya

m. (in gram.) the second letter of a varga- (See above) .

vargāntya

m. (in gram.) the last letter of a varga-, a nasal

vargaprathama

m. (in gram.) the first letter of a varga- (See above) .

variṣṭha

mf(ā-)n. better than (ablative)

varivasyā

f. service, honour, devotion, attendance

varīyas

mfn. (Comparative degree of 2. vara-) better more or most excellent, chief or best or dearest of (genitive case)

varṇa

m. a letter, sound, vowel, syllable, word

etc.

vārṇa

mfn. (fr. varṇa-) relating to a sound or letter (in gram.)

varṇabhairava

m. or n. (?) Name of work on the terrible importance of the mystical meaning of letters.

varṇabhedavidhi

m. method of letter-division, Name of work

varṇabuddhi

f. the idea or notion connected with particular letters or sounds

varṇadeśanā

f. "instruction in letters", Name of a treatise (by deva-kīrti- on the proper spelling of words with certain cognate consonants, such as ś-, ṣ-, s-; j-and y-; gh-and h-), and of some similar works.

varṇadevatā

f. the deity presiding over any particular letter

varṇadīpikā

f. "letter-explainer", Name of work on the mystical meaning of letters.

varṇadūta

m. "letter-messenger", a letter, epistle

varṇāgama

m. the addition of a letter to a word

varṇaka

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') a letter or syllable

varṇakrama

m. order or series of letters, alphabetical arrangement, alphabet

varṇamālā

f. order or series of letters (especially rows of letters written on a board or in a diagram), the alphabet

varṇamātṛ

f. "letter-mother", a pen, pencil etc.

varṇamaya

mf(ī-)n. consisting of symbolical letters or sounds

varṇāṅkā

f. "letter-maker", a pen

varṇāntara

n. another letter, change of sound

varṇapāta

m. the dropping or omission of a letter in pronunciation

varṇapāṭha

m. "letter-register", the alphabet

varṇarāśi

m. "multitude or series of letters", the alphabet

varṇasamāmnāya

(

etc.) m. "assemblage or aggregate of letters", the alphabet.

varṇasaṃghāṭa

(

) m. "assemblage or aggregate of letters", the alphabet.

varṇasaṃghāta

(

) m. "assemblage or aggregate of letters", the alphabet.

varṇasthāna

n. the place or organ of utterance of any sound or letter (eight in number, as"the throat" etc.;See under sthāna-)

varṇātman

m. "consisting of sounds or letters", a word

varṇatūli

f. "letter-brush", a pen, pencil, paint-brush

varṇatulī

f. "letter-brush", a pen, pencil, paint-brush

varṇatulikā

f. "letter-brush", a pen, pencil, paint-brush

varṇatva

n. the state or condition of a letter or sound.

varṇaviparyaya

m. the change or substitution of one letter for another

varṣadhara

m. "withholding generative fluid", a eunuch, attendant on the women's apartments

varṣāghoṣa

(varṣāgh-) m. "uttering cries in the rainy season", a large frog

varṣakośa

m. (also written -koṣa-) a month

varṣāprabhañjana

m. "rain-scattering", a high wind, gale

varṣin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') attended with a rain of (See sāśma-v-)

varṣīyas

mfn. better than (ablative)

varṣman

n. (v/arihman-) height, top, surface, uttermost part

etc.

vartanīya

n. (impersonal or used impersonally) it should be applied or attended to (locative case)

vartitajanman

mfn. one in whom existence has been brought about, begotten, procreated

vārttika

n. an explanatory or supplementary rule, critical gloss or annotation (added to a grammatical or philosophical sūtra- and defined to be"the exposition of the meaning, of that which is said, of that which is left unsaid, and of that which is ill or imperfectly said";the term vārttika- is, however, especially applied to kātyāyana-'s critical annotations on the aphorisms of pāṇini-'s grammar, the object of which is to consider whether pāṇini-'s rules are correct or not, and to improve on them where this may be found to be necessary;and also to similar works on various matters by kumārila-, sureśvara- etc.; see tantra-v-, śloka-v-)

vartula

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

varvaṇā

f. (also written barb-) a kind of fly

(varia lectio carmaṇā-).

vārvaṭa

m. "water-exclosure (?)", a boat, vessel

(also written vārbaṭa-).

vaṣ

(also written baṣ-) cl.1 P. vaṣati-, to hurt, strike, kill

vas

(also written bas-) cl.4 P. vasyati-, to be or make firm

vāś

cl.4 A1. (

) vāśyate- (Epic also vāśyati-,Ved. and Epic also v/āśati-, te-; perfect tense vavāśe-, śire-;in

also vāvaśre-and p. vāvaśān/a-; Aorist avāśiṣṭa-

; future vāśitā-, vāśiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood vāśitum-

; ind.p. vāśitvā-, -vāśya-

), to roar, howl, bellow, bleat, low (as a cow), cry, shriek, sing (like a bird), sound, resound

etc. etc.: Causal vāśayati- (Aorist avavāśat-,in

also avīvaśat-, /avīvaśanta-), to cause to roar or low or resound or thunder

; (A1.) to roar or sound aloud

: Desiderative vivāśiṣate- grammar : Intensive vāvāśyate- (varia lectio rārāśyate-

), vāvaṣṭi- (imperfect tense Aorist /avāvaśanta-, vāvaśanta-, avāvaśītām-; parasmE-pada v/āvaśat-), to roar or scream or sound aloud

([ vāś-is sometimes wrongly written vās-.])

vasā

f. (sometimes written vaśā-) "shining","white", the serum or marrow of the flesh (considered by some as distinct from that of the bones by others as the same), marrow, fat, grease, lard, suet, melted fat, any fatty or oily substance

etc.

vasā

etc.

vasanta

m. (n. gaRa ardharcādi-) "brilliant (season)", spring (comprising according to to some, the months caitra- and vaiśākha- or from the middle of March to that of MaySee ṛtu-;often personified and considered as a friend or attendant of kāmadeva-, the god of love)

etc.

vaṣaṭ

ind. (according to to some fr.1. vah-; see 2. vaṭ-and vauṣaṭ-) an exclamation uttered by the hotṛ- priest at the end of the sacrificial verse (on hearing which the adhvaryu- priest casts the oblation offered to the deity into the fire;it is joined with a dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' pūṣṇe vaṣaṭ-;with kṛ-,"to utter the exclamation vaṣaṭ-")

vaṣaṭkārakriyā

f. an oblation accompanied with the utterance of vaṣaṭ-

vaṣaṭkaraṇa

n. the utterance of vaṣaṭ-

vaṣaṭkṛtya

n. ind. vaṣaṭ- should be uttered

vāsayoga

m. a powder formed of various fragrant substances (especially the red powder scattered about and sprinkled on the clothes at the holī- festival

)

vāśī

f. (also written vāsī-; according to to some connected with vraśc-) a sharp or pointed knife or a kind of axe, adze, chisel (especially as the weapon of agni- or the marut-s, and the instrument of the ṛbhu-s, while the paraśu- or axe is that of tvaṣṭṛ-)

vaśika

mfn. void, empty

(written also vasika-; see vaś/in-,)

vasin

m. (fr. vasā-) an otter

vāśin

mfn. (also written vāsin-) howling, croaking etc.

(see ghora-v-).

vasiṣṭha

m. (wrongly written vaśiṣṭha-),"the most wealthy", Name of a celebrated Vedic ṛṣi- or sage (owner of the"cow of plenty" , called nandinī-, offspring of surabhi-, which by granting all desires made him, as his name implies, master of every vasu-or desirable object;he was the typical representative of Brahmanical rank, and the legends of his conflict with viśvā-mitra-, who raised himself from the kingly or kṣatriya- to the Brahmanical class, were probably founded on the actual struggles which took place between the Brahmans and kṣatriya-s;a great many hymns of the

are ascribed to these two great rivals;those of the seventh maṇḍala-, besides some others, being attributed to vasiṣṭha-, while those of the third maṇḍala- are assigned to viśvā-mitra-;in one of vasiṣṭha-'s hymns he is represented as king su-dās-'s family priest, an office to which viśvā-mitra- also aspired;in another hymn vasiṣṭha- claims to have been inspired by varuṇa-, and in another[

] he is called the son of the apsaras- urvaśī- by mitra- and varuṇa-, whence his patronymic maitrāvaruṇi-;in manu-

, he is enumerated among the ten prajā-pati-s or Patriarchs produced by manu- svāyambhuva- for the peopling of the universe;in the

he is mentioned as the family priest of the solar race or family of ikṣvāku- and rāma-candra-, and in the purāṇa-s as one of the arrangers of the veda-s in the dvāpara- age;he is, moreover, called the father of aurva-[

],of the sukālin-s[

],of seven sons[

] , and the husband of akṣa-mālā- or arundhatī-[

]and of ūrjā-[

];other legends make him one of the 7 patriarchal sages regarded as forming the Great Bear in which he represents the starSee ṛṣi-)

etc. (see

)

vāsiṣṭha

mf(ī-)n. (also written vāśiṣṭha-) relating or belonging to vasiṣṭha-, composed or revealed by him (as the 7th maṇḍala- of the ṛg-- veda-)

vāśitā

f. (also written vāsitā-,prob. fr. vaś-) a cow desiring the bull (also applied to other animals desiring the male, especially to a female elephant)

etc.

vasīyas

mfn. (Comparative degree of 1. v/asu-; see vasiṣṭha-and vasyas-) more wealthy or opulent, more excellent, better than, (ablative)

vasīyobhūra

n. better condition, superiority

vāśrā

f. (scilicet dhen/u-) a lowing cow, any cow

(also written vāsrā-)

vasti

mf. (also written basti-; perhaps connected with 2. vasti-See) the bladder

etc.

vastrabhedaka

m. a clothes-cutter, tailor

vastrabhedin

m. a clothes-cutter, tailor

vastraknopam

ind. so that the clothes are thoroughly wetted

vastu

n. the thing in question, matter, affair, circumstance

etc.

vastu

n. subject, subject-matter, contents, theme (of a speech etc.), plot (of a drama or poem)

etc.

vāstunara

m. the archetype or ideal pattern of a house personified as a deity

vāstupa

mfn. keeping the ground or homestead (when quitted by its owner)

vastūpamā

f. comparison of things (a kind of comparison where the common quality is omitted exempli gratia, 'for example' thy face is like the lotus, where the word "beautiful"is omitted)

vasturacanā

f. arrangement of matter, elaboration of a plot

vastuvṛtta

n. the actual fact, real matter

vasuda

m. pf one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vasudāmā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vāsudeva

mf(ī-)n. written or composed by vāsudeva-

vasumat

mfn. attended by the vasu-s

etc.

vasuprada

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vasuśrī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vasyaiṣṭi

f. (fr. vasyas-+ iṣṭi-) seeking or desire for the better id est for welfare

vasyas

mfn. equals v/asīyas-, better, more excellent or glorious, wealthier or richer than (ablative)

vaṭa

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

vata

mfn. uttered, sounded, spoken

vāta

m. wind emitted from the body

vātacada

mfn. fluttering in the wind,

vātahata

mfn. smitten by the wind (with vartman- n.a particular disease of the eyelid)

vaṭaka

mn. a small lump or round mass, ball, globule, pill, round cake made of pulse fried in oil or butter

vātarajju

f. plural the bands or fetters of the winds

vātarddhi

m. (for -ṛdhi-) (also written vātardi-) a sort of cup made of wood and iron, (or) a wooden vessel with an iron stand

vaṭh

(also written baṭh-) cl.1 P. vaṭhati-, to be big or fat

; to be powerful or able

vātika

m. a man of mere words, noisy talker, flatterer

vātika

m. Name of an attendant of skanda-

vatsala

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vātula

n. Name of a tantra-

(also written vātūla-and vāthula-).

vāyu

m. the god of the wind (often associated with indra- in the ṛg-- veda-, as vāta- [ q.v ] with parjanya-, but although of equal rank with indra-, not occupying so prominent a position;in the puruṣasūkta- he is said to have sprung form the breath of puruṣa-, and elsewhere is described as the son-in-law of tvaṣṭṛ-;be is said to move in a shining car drawn by a pair of red or purple horses or by several teams consisting of ninety-nine or a hundred or even a thousand horses[ see ni-y/ut-];he is often made to occupy the same chariot with indra-, and in conjunction with him honoured with the first draught of the soma- libation;he is rarely connected with the marut-s, although in

, he is said to have begotten them from the rivers of heaven;he is regent of the nakṣatra- svāti- and north-west quarterSee loka-pāla-)

vāyu

m. a mystical Name of the letter ya-

vāyudāru

m. "air-tearer, air-scatterer" idem or 'm. a cloud '

vāyumat

mfn. attended with wind

veḍā

f. (also written beḍā-) a boat

(see veṭī-).

veda

m. Name of certain celebrated works which constitute the basis of the first period of the Hindu religion (these works were primarily three, viz. 1. the ṛg-veda-, 2. the yajur-veda- [of which there are, however, two divisionsSee taittirīya-saṃhitā-, vājasaneyi-saṃhitā-],3. the sāma-veda-;these three works are sometimes called collectively trayī-,"the triple vidyā-"or"threefold knowledge", but the ṛg-veda- is really the only original work of the three, and much the most ancient [the oldest of its hymns being assigned by some who rely on certain astronomical calculations to a period between 4000 and 2500 B.C., before the settlement of the Aryans in India;and by others who adopt a different reckoning to a period between 1400 and 1000 B.C., when the Aryans had settled down in the Panjab];subsequently a fourth veda- was added, called the atharva-veda-, which was probably not completely accepted till after manu-, as his law-book often speaks of the three veda-s-calling them trayam brahma sanātanam-,"the triple eternal veda-", but only once [

] mentions the revelation made to atharvan- and aṅgiras-, without, however, calling it by the later name of atharva-veda-;each of the four veda-s has two distinct parts, viz. 1. mantra-, id est words of prayer and adoration often addressed either to fire or to some form of the sun or to some form of the air, sky, wind etc., and praying for health, wealth, long life, cattle, offspring, victory, and even forgiveness of sins, and 2. brāhmaṇa-, consisting of vidhi- and artha-vāda-, i.e. directions for the detail of the ceremonies at which the mantra-s were to be used and explanations of the legends etc. connected with the mantra-s [see brāhmaṇa-, vidhi-],both these portions being termed śruti-,revelation orally communicated by the Deity, and heard but not composed or written down by men[ see

] , although it is certain that both mantra-s and brāhmaṇa-s were compositions spread over a considerable period, much of the latter being comparatively modern;as the veda-s are properly three, so the mantra-s are properly of three forms, 1. ṛc-, which are verses of praise in metre, and intended for loud recitation;2. yajus-, which are in prose, and intended for recitation in a lower tone at sacrifices;3. sāman-, which are in metre, and intended for chanting at the soma- or Moon-plant ceremonies, the mantra-s of the fourth or atharva-veda- having no special name;but it must be borne in mind that the yajur- and sāma-veda- hymns, especially the latter, besides their own mantra-s, borrow largely from the ṛg-veda-;the yajur-veda- and sāma-veda- being in fact not so much collections of prayers and hymns as special prayer- and hymn-books intended as manuals for the adhvaryu- and udgātṛ- priests respectively [see yajur-veda-, sāma-veda-];the atharva-veda-, on the other hand, is, like the ṛg-veda-, a real collection of original hymns mixed up with incantations, borrowing little from the ṛg- and having no direct relation to sacrifices, but supposed by mere recitation to produce long life, to cure diseases, to effect the ruin of enemies etc.;each of the four veda-s seems to have passed through numerous śākhā-s or schools, giving rise to various recensions of the text, though the ṛg-veda- is only preserved in the śākala- recension, while a second recension, that of the bhāṣkala-s, is only known by name;a tradition makes vyāsa- the compiler and arranger of the veda-s in their present form: they each have an Index or anukramaṇī- [ q.v ], the principal work of this kind being the general Index or sarvānukramaṇī- [ q.v ];out of the brāhmaṇa- portion of the veda- grew two other departments of Vedic literature, sometimes included under the general name veda-, viz. the strings of aphoristic rules, called sūtra-s [ q.v ], and the mystical treatises on the nature of God and the relation of soul and matter, called upaniṣad- [ q.v ], which were appended to the āraṇyaka-s [ q.v ], and became the real veda- of thinking Hindus, leading to the darśana-s or systems of philosophy;in the later literature the name of"fifth veda-"is accorded to the itihāsa-s or legendary epic poems and to the purāṇa-s, and certain secondary veda-s or upa-veda-s [ q.v ] are enumerated;the vedāṅga-s or works serving as limbs [for preserving the integrity] of the veda- are explained under vedāṅga-below: the only other works included under the head of veda- being the pariśiṣṭa-s, which supply rules for the ritual omitted in the sūtra-s;in the bṛhad-āraṇyaka- upaniṣad- the veda-s are represented as the breathings of brahmā-, while in some of the purāṇa-s the four veda-s are said to have issued out of the four mouths of the four-faced brahmā- and in the viṣṇu-purāṇa- the veda- and viṣṇu- are identified)

vedāṅga

n. "a limb (for preserving the body) of the veda-", Name of certain works or classes of works regarded as auxiliary to and even in some sense as part of the veda-, (six are usually enumerated [and mostly written in the sūtra- or aphoristic style];1. śikṣā-,"the science of proper articulation and pronunciation", comprising the knowledge of letters, accents, quantity, the use of the organs of pronunciation, and phonetics generally, but especially the laws of euphony peculiar to the veda- [many short treatises and a chapter of the taittirīya-āraṇyaka- are regarded as the representatives of this subject;but other works on Vedic phonetics may be included under itSee prātiśākhya-]:2. chandas-,"metre"[represented by a treatise ascribed to piṅgala-nāga-, which, however, treats of Prakrit as well as Sanskrit metres, and includes only a few of the leading Vedic metres]: 3. vyākaraṇa-,"linguistic analysis or grammar"[represented by pāṇini-'s celebrated sūtra-s]: 4. nirukta-,"explanation of difficult Vedic words"[ see yāska-]:5. jyotiṣa-,"astronomy", or rather the Vedic calendar [represented by a small tract, the object of which is to fix the most auspicious days for sacrifices]: 6. kalpa-,"ceremonial", represented by a large number of sūtra- works[ see sūtra-]:the first and second of these vedāṅga-s are said to be intended to secure the correct reading or recitation of the veda-, the third and fourth the understanding of it, and the fifth and sixth its proper employment at sacrifices: the vedāṅga-s are alluded to by manu-, who calls them, in

, pravacana-s, "expositions", a term which is said to be also applied to the brāhmaṇa-s)

vedastaraṇa

n. the strewing or scattering of the bunch of grass called veda-

vedhā

f. a mystical Name of the letter m-

vedīyas

mfn. knowing (others"finding","acquiring" , fr.3. vid-) better than (ablative)

vedopasthānikā

f. attendance on the veda-

veh

(also written beh-) cl.1 A1. vehate-, to strive, make effort

; cl.1 P. vehati- equals vehāya-

velaja

m. bitter and salt and pungent taste

velaja

mfn. bitter and salt and pungent

velākūla

n. Name of a district (the modern tāmalipta- or Tamluk [see tāma-lipta-],said to be in the district of Midnapur or in the southern part of the present Hugli district, forming the west bank of the Hugli river at its union with the sea;a village having the name Beercool [Birkul], said to be derived from velā-kūla-, still exists near the sea-shore;it is a hot-weather retreat from Calcutta and was formerly a favourite resort of Warren Hastings;See Hunter's Gazetteer).

veṇuvīṇādharā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

vepana

mfn. trembling, quivering, fluttering

veṣaṇa

n. service, attendance

veṣaṇa

n. service, attendance

vesara

m. (see vega-sara-;also written veśara-) a mule

vesavāra

m. (also written veśav-,or veṣav-) a particular condiment or kind of seasoning (consisting of ground coriander, mustard, pepper, ginger, spice etc.)

veṣṭita

mfn. accompanied or attended by (instrumental case)

vetāla

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants,

vetālabhaṭṭa

m. Name of a poet (the author of the nīti-pradīpa-, and one of the 9 men of letters said to have flourished at the court of vikramāditya-; see nava-ratna-)

vetālajananī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

vetrāsana

n. "cane-seat", a small oblong low couch of cane-work (used as a dooly or litter)

vī

( vi-- 5 i-) P. vy-eti- (3. plural viyanti-; imperfect tense vy-ait-; perfect tense vīyāya-; infinitive mood vy-etum-;for vyayati-, vyayayati-See vyay-), to go apart or in different directions, diverge, be diffused or scattered or distributed or divided or extended

etc. ; to be lost, perish, disappear

etc. ; to go through, traverse

: Intensive (or cl.4. A1.) vīyate-, to pass through, traverse

vibarha

m. (for 1.See) scattering, dispersing (in a-v-)

vībarha

m. (for 3. vi-+ b-;1. bṛh-) scattering, dispersing

vibhā

P. -bhāti-, to shine or gleam forth, come to light, become visible, appear

etc. ; to shine upon, illumine

; to procure light id est to kindle (fire dative case)

; to shine brightly, glitter, be resplendent or beautiful, strike or catch the eye, excel by (instrumental case)

etc. ; to strike the ear, be heard (as sound)

; to seem or appear as, look like (Nominal verb with or without iva-,or adverb in -vat-)

vibhāgabhāj

mfn. one who shares in a portion of property already distributed (applied especially to a son by a father and mother of the same tribe, born subsequently to a distribution of property amongst his parents and brethren, in which case he inherits the portion allotted or reserved to the parents)

vibhāgabhinna

n. equals takra-, buttermilk mixed with water

vibhagna

mfn. broken asunder, shattered, crushed

vibhāvya

mfn. to be attended to or heeded (n. impersonal or used impersonally"it should be heeded")

vibhid

P. A1. -bhinatti-, -bhintte- to split or break in two, break in pieces, cleave asunder, divide, separate, open

etc. ; to pierce, sting

; to loosen, untie

; to break, infringe, violate

; to scatter, disperse, dispel, destroy

etc. ; to alter, change (the mind)

: Passive voice to be split or broken, burst asunder etc. (also P. Conditional vyabhetsyat-

) ; to be changed or altered

: Causal -bhedayati-, to cause to split etc. ; to divide, alienate, estrange

vibhinnatā

f. the state of being broken or split asunder or scattered etc.

vibhinnatva

n. the state of being broken or split asunder or scattered etc.

vibhīṣaṇā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vibhraṃś

(sometimes written bhraṃs-) A1. -bhraṃśate-, to fall off (figuratively), be unfortunate, fail or be unsuccessful in (locative case)

; to be separated from, desert (ablative)

: Causal -bhraṃśayati-, to cause to fall

; to strike or break off

; to cause to disappear or vanish, destroy annihilate

; to divert from, deprive of (abl)

vibhūṣaṇodbhāsin

mfn. glittering with ornaments

vibodha

m. (for 2.See

) inattention, absence of mind

vibudhānucara

m. a god's attendant

vicāradṛś

mfn. "employing no spies for eyes" (See cāra-), and"looking at a matter with consideration"

vicchedaka

mf(ikā-)n. cutting off or asunder, dividing, separating, a cutter, divider

vicchid

( chid-) P. -chinatti-, -chintte- to cut or tear or cleave or break asunder, cut off, divide, separate

etc. ; to interrupt (See vi-cchidya-) ; to disturb, destroy

; to be divided

vicitrāṅga

m. "having variegated limbs or a spotted body", a peacock

vicitrita

mfn. variegated, spotted, coloured, painted

vid

(originally identical with1. vid-) cl.6 P. A1. (

) vind/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also vitt/e-, vid/e-; parasmE-pada vidān/a-or vidāna-[ q.v ]; Epic 3. plural vindate- Potential vindyāt-,often equals vidyāt-; perfect tense viv/eda-[3. plural vividus- subjunctive vividat-], vividv/as-,3. plural vividre-, vidr/e-

etc.; parasmE-pada vividv/as-

; vividivas-

; Aorist /avidat-, data-

[ Vedic or Veda subjunctive vid/āsi-, d/āt-; Potential vid/et-, deta-

;3. sg. videṣṭa-

]; A1.1. sg. avitsi-

; future vettā-, vediṣyati- grammar; vetsyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood vid/e-

; vettum-

etc.; v/ettave-

; ttavai-[?] and tos-

; ind.p. vittv/ā-

; -vidya-

etc.) , to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess

etc. etc. (with diśas-,to find out the quarters of she sky

) ; to get or procure for (dative case)

; to seek out, look for, attend to

etc. ; to feel, experience

; to consider as, take for (two accusative)

; to come upon, befall, seize, visit

; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce

; (A1. mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scilicet bhāryām-)

etc. ; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman)

; to obtain (a son, with or scilicet sutam-)

: Passive voice or A1. vidy/ate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada vidyamāna-[ q.v ]; Aorist avedi-), to be found, exist, be

etc. ; (especially in later language) vidyate-,"there is, there exists", often with na-,"there is not" ; with bhoktum-,"there is something to eat" ; followed by a future ,"is it possible that?"

; yathā-vid/e-,"as it happens" id est "as usual","as well as possible"

: Causal vedayati-, to cause to find etc.

: Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, te- grammar (see vivitsita-): Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti-

(for parasmE-pada v/evidat-and dāna-See vi--and saṃvid-).

vid

cl.7 A1. (

) vintte-, to consider as, take for (two accusative)

vidagdhamādhava

n. Name of a nāṭaka- or drama (by rūpa- go-svāmin-, in 7 acts, written A.D. 1549;it is a dramatic version of the gīta-govinda- on the loves of kṛṣṇa- and rādhā-)

vidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to distribute, apportion, grant, bestow

etc. etc. (with kāmam-,to fulfil a wish) ; to furnish, supply, procure (with ātmanaḥ-,"for one's self")

; to spread, diffuse

; to put in order, arrange, dispose, prepare, make ready

; to divide, parcel out

; to ordain, direct, enjoin, settle, appoint

etc. ; to form, create, build, establish, found

etc. ; to perform, effect, produce, cause, occasion, make, do

etc. (like kṛ-to be translated variously in connection with various nouns exempli gratia, 'for example' with siṃhatvam-,to change into a lion;with saciva-tām-,to assume the office of a minister;with veṣam-,to put on a garment;with vṛttim-,to secure a maintenance;with upāyam-,to devise a means;with mantram-,to hold a consultation;with rājyam-,to carry on government, rule;with saṃdhim-,to conclude peace;with kalaham-,to pick up a quarrel;with vairam-,to declare war;with lajjām-,to display bashfulness;with kolāhalam-,to raise a clamour;with cumbanaṃ-,to give a kiss) ; to make, render (with two accusative)

etc. ; to contrive or manage that (yathā-)

; to put or lay on or in, direct towards (locative case)

etc. (with hṛdaye-,to take to heart;with agrataḥ-,or adhaḥ-,to place before or below) ; to send out, despatch (spies)

; to take trouble with (dative case)

; to treat, deal with (accusative)

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be distributed etc. ; to be allotted or intended for (genitive case)

; to be accounted, pass for (Nominal verb)

: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to put, cause to be laid

; cause to put in order or arrange or fix

: Desiderative -dhitsati-, te-, to wish to distribute or bestow

; to wish to decide or determine or fix or establish

; to wish to find out or devise (a means)

; to wish to procure or acquire

; to wish to perform or accomplish anything, intend, purpose

; to wish to make or render (two accusative)

vidham

(or -dhmā-) P. -dhamati- (Epic also te-), to blow away, scatter, disperse, destroy

: Causal -dhmāpayati-, to extinguish,

vidhāv

P. -dhāvati-, to run or flow off, trickle through

; to flow away, disappear

; to run away, be scattered or dispersed

; to run between (antar-,said of a road)

; to run through, perambulate

; to rush upon

(Aorist vy-adhāviṣṭa- varia lectio vyabādhiṣṭa-).

vidhmāpana

mfn. (fr. Causal) scattering, dispersing

vidhū

P. A1. -dhūnoti-, -dhūnute- (later also -dhunoti-, -dhunute-; infinitive mood -dhavitum-,or -dhotum-), to shake about, move to and fro, agitate, toss about (A1.also "one's self")

etc. ; to fan, kindle (fire)

; to shake off, drive away, scatter, disperse, remove, destroy

etc. ; (A1.) to shake off from one's self, relinquish, abandon, give up

etc.: Passive voice -dhūyate- (Epic also ti-), to be shaken or agitated

: Causal -dhūnayati-, to cause to shake about etc. ; to shake violently, agitate, harass, annoy

vidhvaṃs

(or dhvas-) A1. -dhvaṃsate- (rarely ti-), to fall to pieces, crumble into dust or powder, be scattered or dispersed or destroyed, perish

etc. etc.: Causal -dhvaṃsayati- (ind.p. -dhvaṃsya-,or -dhvasya-), to cause to fall to pieces or crumble, dash to pieces, crush, destroy, annihilate

etc. ; to hurt, injure

viḍināthakavi

m. (also written viḷi-n-) Name of an author

viḍojas

or viḍ-aujas- m. (also written biḍ-;said to be fr. viḍ-= viś-2+ ojas-) Name of indra-

(in

as two words, meaning"the vaiśya- and his trade") .

vidṝ

P. -dṛṇāti-, to tear asunder or to pieces, lacerate

etc. ; to cleave, open (Aorist subjunctive -darṣasi-)

: Passive voice -dīryate- (Epic also ti-), to be torn or rent asunder, split open

etc. ; to be torn with grief or anguish

: Causal -dārayati-, to cause to burst asunder, rend or tear to pieces, lacerate

etc. ; to open

; to scatter, disperse

; to push away

: Intensive -dardarīti-, to tear or split in pieces, burst asunder, open

vidura

m. Name of the younger brother of dhṛta-rāṣṭra- and pāṇḍu- (they were all three sons of vyāsa-, but only the latter two by the two widows of vicitra-vīrya-;when vyāsa- wanted a third son, the elder widow sent him one of her slave-girls, dressed in her own clothes, and this girl became the mother of vidura-, who is sometimes called kṣattṛ-, as if he were the son of a kṣatriya- man and śūdra- woman vidura- is described as sarva-buddhimatāṃ varaḥ-and is one of the wisest characters in the mahā-bhārata-, always ready with good advice both for his nephews, the pāṇḍava-s, and for his brother dhṛta-rāṣṭra-)

(see

)

vidus

mfn. wise, attentive, heedful

vidyā

f. a mystical Name of the letter i-

vidyādhara

m. a kind of supernatural being (dwelling in the himālaya-, attending upon śiva-, and possessed of magical power), fairy ( vidyādharatva -tva- n.)

etc.

vidyādharīparijana

mfn. attended by vidyā-dharī-s

vidyota

mfn. flashing, glittering

vidyuddhasta

(vidy/ud--) mfn. (for vidy/ud-+ hasta-) holding a glittering weapon in the hand

vidyudratha

(vidyut--) mfn. "borne on a glittering car"or"having lightning for a vehicle"

vidyujjihvā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vidyunmat

(vidy/un--) mfn. containing lightning, gleaming, glittering

vidyut

mfn. flashing, shining, glittering

vidyutākṣa

(itākṣa-) m. "lightning-eyed", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vigraha

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

vihan

(often wrong reading for ni-han-) P. -hanti-, to strike apart or asunder, disperse, shatter, break, destroy

; to beat asunder, extend (a skin)

; to tear off

; to unbind, loosen (hair)

; to ward off, repel

; to keep back, withhold, refuse

; to hinder, interrupt, disturb, prevent, frustrate, annihilate

etc.: Passive voice -hanyate-, to be frustrated or disappointed, exert one's self in vain

: Causal -ghātayati-, te-, to beat, vanquish, defeat

; (A1.) to afflict, distress, annoy

; to interrupt, disturb

: Desiderative -jighāṃsati-, to wish to interrupt or disturb

: Intensive (-jījahi-?), to harm, injure

vihāradāsī

f. a female attendant of a convent or temple

vihitāgas

mfn. one who has committed a fault, faulty, wicked

vihuṇḍana

m. ( huṇḍ-) Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

vihurch

(or -hūrch-) P. -hūrchati-, to waddle, toddle, sway from one side to another (applied to a corpulent person's gait)

; to stagger, totter, stumble

vijalpita

mfn. spoken, uttered

vijanita

mfn. born, begotten

vijarjara

mfn. rotten (as wood)

vijaya

m. of an attendant of viṣṇu-

vijaya

m. of an attendant of padmapāṇi-

vijaya

m. of the attendant of the 8th arhat- of the same

vījita

mfn. sprinkled with water, wetted

(varia lectio vejita-).

vijñātārtha

mfn. one who is acquainted with any matter on the true state of a case

vikarṇaka

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

vikas

(also incorrectly written vi-kaś-) cl.1 P. -kasati-, to burst, become split or divided or rent asunder

(see v/i-kasta-) ; to open, expand, blossom, bloom

etc. (see vikasita-) ; to shine, be bright, beam (with joy etc.)

; to spread out, extend, increase

: Causal -kāsayati-, to cause to open or blow or expand or shine

vikasā

f. Bengal madder (also written vikaṣā-)

vikāśinī

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

vikaṭa

mf(ā-or ī-)n. knitted (as brows), frowning

vikaṭa

m. of one of the attendants of skanda-

vikaṭavadana

m. "hideous-faced", Name of an attendant of durgā-

vikira

m. scattering or anything scattered

vikira

m. a scattered portion of rice (offered to conciliate beings hostile to sacrifice)

vikira

m. "scatterer", a kind of gallinaceous bird

vikiraṇa

n. scattering, strewing

vikīrṇa

mfn. scattered, thrown about, dispersed etc.

vikṛ

P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute-, to make different, transform, change the shape (or the mind), cause to alter or change (especially for the worse), deprave, pervert, spoil, impair

etc. ; (Passive voice and A1.,rarely P.) to become different, be altered, change one's state or opinions

etc. (see

) ; to develop, produce (especially variously)

; to embellish, decorate (in various manners)

; to distribute, divide

; to destroy, annihilate

; to represent, fill the place of (accusative)

; (A1.; see above) to move to and fro, wave, shake (hands or feet)

; to be or become restless (with netrābhyām-,"to roll the eyes")

; to utter (sounds)

; to become unfaithful to (locative case)

; to act in a hostile or unfriendly way towards (genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to contend together

; to act in various ways

; Passive voice -kriyate-, to be changed etc. (see above) : Causal -kārayati-, to cause to change or be changed

vikṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter, throw or toss about, disperse

etc. ; to dishevel

; to pour out, utter, heave (sighs)

; to tear asunder, cleave, split, rend, burst

etc. ; to scatter over, bestrew, cover, fill with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to revile (?)

vikramaka

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vikruś

P. -krośati- (Epic also te-), to cry out, exclaim

etc. ; to raise or utter (a cry)

; to call to, invoke (accusative)

; to sound

; to revile

vikṣepa

m. the act of throwing asunder or away or about, scattering, dispersion

vikṣepa

m. inattention, distraction, confusion, perplexity

vikṣeptṛ

m. a scatter, disperser

vikṣīṇaka

m. "destroyer", Name of the chief of a class of demigods attendant on śiva- (described as causing destruction by pestilential diseases etc.)

vikṣip

P. A1. -kṣipati-, te-, to throw asunder or away or about, cast hither and thither, scatter, disperse

etc. ; to remove, destroy (pain)

; to extend, stretch out

; to bend (a bow), draw (a bow-string)

; to handle, manage

; to separate

; to cause to deviate in latitude

vikṣipta

mfn. thrown asunder or away or about, scattered etc.

vikuñcita

mfn. contracted, crisped, curled, knitted (as the brow)

vilap

P. -lapati- (rarely A1. infinitive mood -lapitum-,or -laptum- pr.p. -lapyat-

), to utter moaning sounds, wail, lament, bewail (accusative with or without prati-)

etc. ; to speak variously, talk, chatter

: Causal -lāpayati-, te-, to cause to mourn or lament

(see

, Va1rtt. 3 Sch. ) ; to cause to speak much (A1.)

: Intensive (only p. -l/ālapat-), to talk idly

vilapana

n. the dirt or sediment of any oily substance (as of clarified butter, etc.)

vilāpana

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

vilāpin

mfn. wailing, lamenting, uttering moaning or inarticulate sounds

vilas

P. -lasati-, to gleam, flash, glitter (only pr. p. -lasat- q.v,and perfect tense -lalāsa-

) ; to shine forth, appear, arise, become visible

; to sound forth, echo (See vi-lasan-) ; to play, sport, dally, be amused or delighted

; to vibrate, coruscate (See vi-lasat-): Causal -lācayati-, to cause to dance

vilāsaka

mf(ikā-)n. moving to and fro, dancing, fluttering

vilasat

mf(antī-)n. flashing, shining, glittering etc.

vilāsin

mfn. moving to and fro, fluttering

vilasita

mfn. gleaming, glittering, shining forth, appearing

vilayana

n. attenuating or, an attenuant, escharotic (in medicine)

vilekhā

f. a written contract

vilobhana

n. (in dramatic language) flattery, praise, commendation (exempli gratia, 'for example'

,the stanzas containing the king's description of śakuntalā-'s beauty)

vilobhita

mfn. (fr. Causal) allured, beguiled, deceived, flattered, praised

vilokana

n. paying attention to, studying (also plural,with genitive case)

vimarśana

m. (written marṣaṇa-) Name of a king of the kirāta-s

vimarśavādin

mfn. uttering discussions, one who reasons, a reasoner

vimath

(or manth-) P. A1. -mathati-, te-, -mathnāti-, nīte- etc. (in veda- generally A1.; infinitive mood -mathitos-

; tum-

), to tear off, snatch away

; to tear or break in pieces, rend asunder, bruise

; to cut in pieces, disperse, scatter

; to confuse, perplex, bewilder

vimātha

m. the act of crushing or destroying utterly

vimathita

mfn. crushed or dashed to pieces, scattered, dispersed, destroyed

vimiśra

mf(ā-)n. mixed or mingled with, attended or accompanied by (instrumental case or compound)

etc.

vimuc

P. A1. -muñcati-, te- (imperative -mumoktu-

), to unloose, unharness (A1."one's own horses") , unyoke (id est"make to halt, cause to stop or rest")

etc. ; to take off (clothes, ornaments etc.)

etc. ; to release, set free, liberate

; to leave, abandon, quit, desert, give up, relinquish

; to shun, avoid

etc. ; to lose (consciousness)

; to pardon, forgive

; to emit, discharge, shed, pour or send forth

(with grastam-,to set free a seized planet id est"free it from eclipse"

) ; to throw, hurl, cast (with ātmānam-and locative case,"to cast one's self into"

)

etc. ; to utter (a sound)

; to assume (a shape)

; to lay (eggs)

; Passive voice -mucyate-, to be unloosed or detached etc. ; to be slackened (as reins)

; to drop or be expelled (prematurely, as a fetus)

; to be freed or delivered or released (especially from the bonds of existence), get rid of, escape from (ablative adverb in -tas- genitive case,or instrumental case)

etc. ; to be deprived of (instrumental case)

: Causal -mocayati-, to loosen, detach

; to unyoke

; to set free, deliver from (ablative)

etc. ; to keep off, avoid

: Desiderative -mumukṣati-, te-, to wish to liberate (A1."one's self")

vimukta

mfn. emitted or discharged by, flowing from (compound)

vīn

( vi-in-,or inv-) P. vīnoti-, to drive away, scatter, disperse

; to send forth in various ways, bestow

vinam

P. A1. -namati-, te-, to bend down, bow down, stoop

etc.: Causal -nāmayati-, or -namayati- (ind.p. -nāmya-and -namayya-), to bend down, incline, bend (a bow)

; (in gram.) to cerebralize or change into a cerebral letter (see -nāmita-).

vināma

m. conversion into a cerebral letter, the substitution of ṣ- for s- and ṇ- for n-

vinaś

P. -naśati-, or -naśyati- (future -naśiṣyati-or -naṅkṣyati-; infinitive mood -naśitum-or -naṃṣṭum-), to be utterly lost, perish, disappear, vanish

etc. ; to come to nothing, be frustrated or foiled

; to be deprived of (ablative)

; to destroy, annihilate

: Causal -nāśayati- (Aorist vy-anīnaśat-), to cause to be utterly lost or ruined or to disappear or vanish

etc. etc. (once in

with genitive case for accusative) ; to frustrate, disappoint, render ineffective (a weapon)

; to suffer to be lost or ruined

; (Aorist) to be lost, perish

vināśa

m. utter loss, annihilation, perdition, destruction, decay, death, removal

etc.

vinaśana

n. utter loss, perishing, disappearance (with sarasvatyāḥ-Name of a district north-west of Delhi [said to be the same as kuru-kṣetra- and adjacent to the modern Paniput] where the river sarasvatī- is lost, in the sand;also sarasvatī-vin-)

vināśita

mfn. (fr. idem or 'mfn. (fr. idem or 'n. causing to disappear, removal, destruction, annihilation ') one who destroys, a destroyer ') utterly destroyed, ruined

vinaṣṭa

mfn. utterly lost or ruined, destroyed, perished, disappeared

etc.

vinata

mfn. (in gram.) changed into a cerebral letter

(see -nāma-)

vinidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put or place or lay down in different places, distribute

; to put off, lay down or aside

; to put by, store up

; to put or place on, fix upon, direct (mind, eyes etc.)

; (with hṛdi-) to fix in the heart, bear in mind

vinigaḍa

mfn. free from foot-fetters (ḍī-kṛ-,to unfetter)

vinikīrṇa

mfn. thrown asunder, scattered, dispersed, broken

vinimaya

m. transmutation (of letters)

vinirdagdha

mfn. completely burned up or consumed, utterly destroyed

vinirdahana

n. the act of burning or destroying utterly

vinirdhū

(only ind.p. -dhūya-), to shake off, drive or blow away, scatter

; to shake about, agitate

; to reject, repudiate

viniṣūdita

mfn. ( sūd-) destroyed utterly

(Calcutta edition -sūdita-).

vinivṛt

A1. -vartate-, to turn back, return

etc. ; to turn away, desist or cease from (ablative)

; to cease, end, disappear

etc. ; to be extinguished (as fire)

; to be omitted

: Causal -vartayati-, to cause to return, call or lead back from (ablative)

etc. ; to cause to cease or desist from (ablative)

; to draw back (a missile)

; to avert, divert (the gaze)

; to give up, abandon

; to cause to cease, remove

; to render ineffective, annul (a curse, fraudulent transactions etc.)

vinyāsa

m. scattering, spreading out

vinyāsa

m. the utterance of words of despair

vipadyukta

mfn. attended with misfortune, unfortunate

vipākakaṭuka

mfn. sharp or bitter in its consequences

vipākavisphūrjathu

m. the consequences (of sins committed in a former birth) compared to a thunder stroke

vipāla

mfn. having no keeper or attendant, unguarded

viparicchinna

mfn. ( chid-) cut off on all sides, utterly destroyed

viparidhā

A1. -dhatte-, to exchange, alter

; (ind.p. -dhāya-,with or scilicet vāsas-,having shifted one's clothes)

viparilupta

mfn. ( lup-) broken or destroyed utterly, broken up

viparyaya

m. Name of particular forms of intermittent fever

vipāś

f. (Nominal verb -pāṭ-) "fetterless" (see next) , the vipāś- or vipāśā- river (See below)

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ind(śam-). gaRa śarad-ādi-)

vipāśa

mfn. unnoosed, untied, freed from fetters

vipāśana

n. unbinding, unfettering

vipattiyukta

mfn. attended with misfortune, unfortunate

vipha

mfn. without the sound or letter pha-

viplu

A1. -plavate- (mc. also P.), to float asunder, drift about, be dispersed or scattered

; to fall into disorder or confusion, go astray, be lost or ruined, perish

etc.: Causal -plāvayati-, to cause to swim or float about

; to spread abroad, make known, divulge

; to bring to ruin or calamity, waste, destroy

; (-plav-), to perplex, confuse, confound

vipluta

mfn. drifted apart or asunder, scattered, dispersed etc.

viplutabhāṣin

mf(iṇī-)n. speaking confusedly, stammering, stuttering

vipothita

mfn. crushed, shattered

vipragam

-gacchati-, to go apart or asunder, be dispersed or scattered

viprahīṇa

mfn. (also written hīna-) excluded from (ablative)

viprakīrṇa

mfn. ( kṝ--) scattered or thrown about, dispersed, dashed to pieces

etc.

vipralāpa

mfn. (for 2.See under vi-pra-lap-) free from mere chatter (as truth)

vipralīna

mfn. dispersed or scattered in all directions, routed (said of a defeated army)

vipratiṣedha

m. opposition, contradiction, contrariety, conflict (of two statements)

etc. (especially in gram., pratiṣedhe-,where there is a conflict between two rules

; dhena-,in consequence of a conflict of two rules, iv, 1, 170 Va1rtt. 1; pūrva-vipratiṣedha-,a conflict of two rules of which the former prohibits the latter, iv, 2, 39 Va1rtt. 1; para-v-,a conflict of two rules of which the latter prohibits the former,

Va1rtt. 1

)

vipravāsa

m. (4. vas-) the offence committed by a monk in giving away his garment

vipraviddha

mfn. ( vyadh-) dispersed, scattered

vipṛc

P. -pṛṇakti- (imperative -pṛṅktam- Potential -papṛcyāt- infinitive mood -p/ṛce-), to isolate, separate from (instrumental case)

; to scatter, dispel

; to fill, satiate

vipru

(see vi-plu-) A1. -pravate-, to sprinkle about, scatter

vīrabhadradeva

m. Name of a king and author (16th century; vīrabhadradevacampū -campū- f.Name of a poem written in his praise)

viracita

mfn. composed, written,

viracita

mfn. put together, spoken, uttered (See compound)

virāj

P. A1. -rājati-, te-, to reign, rule, govern, master (genitive case or accusative), excel (ablative)

; to be illustrious or eminent, shine forth, shine out (ablative), glitter

etc. ; to appear as (Nominal verb)

: Causal -rājayati-, (rarely te-) cause to shine forth, give radiance or lustre, brighten, illuminate

viralīkṛ

P. -karoti-, to scatter, disperse

(-kṛta- mfn.

) ; to make clearer (a wood),

vīrasamanvita

mfn. attended or accompanied by heroes.

vīrāṣṭaka

m. "consisting of eight men", Name of one of skanda-'s attendants.

virocanā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

viruda

m. (also written biruda-and birada-) a laudatory poem, panegyric (on a prince, in prose or verse)

virūpākṣa

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

vīryavatī

f. (atī-) Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

viś

cl.6 P. (

) viś/ati- (rarely, in later language mostly mc. also A1. viśate-; perfect tense viv/eśa-, viviśe-

etc.[ viveśitha-, viveśuḥ-

; viviśyās-

; parasmE-pada -viśiv/as-

; viviśivas-or viviśvas-

; aviveśīs-

]; Aorist /aviśran-, /avikṣmahi-, veśīt-

; avikṣat-

etc.; avikṣata- grammar; preceding viśyāt-

; future veṣṭā-

; vekṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood veṣṭum-

etc.; veṣṭavai-

; viśam-

; ind.p. -viśya-

etc.) , to enter, enter in or settle down on, go into (accusative locative case,or antar-with genitive case), pervade

etc. etc. (with punar-or bhūyas-,to re-enter, return, come back) ; to be absorbed into (accusative)

; (in astronomy) to come into conjunction with (accusative)

; (with agnim-, jvalanam-etc.) to enter the fire id est ascend the funeral pyre

etc. ; (with apas-) to sink or be immersed in the water

; to enter (a house etc.)

; to appear (on the stage)

; to go home or to rest

; to sit down upon (accusative or locative case)

; to resort or betake one's self to (agratas-, agre-,or accusative)

; to flow into (and, join with,; applied to rivers and armies)

; to flow or redound to, fall to the share of (accusative)

etc. ; to occur to (as a thought, with accusative)

; to befall, come to (as death, with accusative)

; to belong to, exist for (locative case)

; to fall or get into any state or condition (accusative)

; to enter upon, undertake, begin

; to mind (any business), attend to (dative case)

: Causal veś/ayati-, te- (Aorist avīviśat-; Passive voice veśyate-), to cause to enter into (accusative)

; to cause to sit down on (locative case)

: Desiderative vivikṣati-, to wish to enter (accusative)

; (with agnim-or vahnim-) to wish to enter the fire id est to ascend the funeral pyre

: Intensive veviśyate-, veveṣṭi-, grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin vicus; Lithuanian ve0sze8ti; Slavonic or Slavonian vi8si8; Gothic weihs; Anglo-Saxon wi7c; Germ,wi7ch,Weich-bild.])

viṣa

m. a servant, attendant

viśadaprajña

mfn. of clear understanding, keen-witted, sagacious

viṣaghna

m. bitter apple or colocynth.

viśālākṣa

m. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

visammūḍha

mfn. ( muh-) utterly bewildered

visaṃṣṭhula

mfn. (

etc.) (fr. Prakritvi-saMthula,prob. derived from śrath-) unsteady, infirm, tottering

visaṃsthula

mfn. (

) (fr. Prakritvi-saMthula,prob. derived from śrath-) unsteady, infirm, tottering

visaṃṣṭhulagamana

mfn. going unsteadily tottering

visaṃyoga

m. liberation from worldly fetters

visara

m. bitterness

visara

mfn. bitter

viśarāru

mfn. falling to pieces, being scattered or dispersed

visarga

m. scattering, hurling, throwing, shooting, casting (also of glances)

visarjanīya

mfn. (fr. vi-sṛj-) to be sent forth or emitted etc.

visarjita

mfn. (fr. Causal) sent forth, emitted, dismissed, abandoned, left etc.

viśātaya

Nom. P. yati-, to hew in pieces, cut down or off

; to knock out (an eye)

; to scatter, dispel, remove, destroy

viṣaya

m. anything perceptible by the senses, any object of affection or concern or attention, any special worldly object or aim or matter or business, (plural) sensual enjoyments, sensuality

etc.

viṣaya

m. any subject or topic, subject-matter

etc.

viṣaya

m. un-organic matter

viśeṣakaraṇa

n. making better, improvement

viśeṣārthitā

f. the searching for something better

viśeṣavat

mfn. excellent, superior, better than (ablative)

viśeṣita

mfn. superior to, better than (ablative)

viṣikta

mfn. discharged, emitted (semen)

viśīrṇa

mfn. broken, shattered etc.

viśīrṇa

mfn. scattered, dispersed (as an army)

viśīrṇadhāra

mfn. intermittent (as urine)

viśīrṇajīrṇavasana

n. plural worn and shattered garments

viśiṣ

P. -śinaṣṭi-, to distinguish, make distinct or different, particularize, specify, define

; to distinguish (from others), prefer to (instrumental case)

; to augment, enhance

: Passive voice -śiṣyate-, to be distinguished or particularized by (instrumental case), differ from (ablative or instrumental case)

; to be pre-eminent, excel, be better than (ablative or instrumental case) or best among (genitive case or locative case)

etc.: Causal -śeṣayati-, to distinguish, define, specify

; to prefer

; to enhance the worth or value of (accusative)

; to surpass, excel

etc.: Passive voice -śeṣyate-, to be of much account

(varia lectio)

viśiṣṭa

mfn. pre-eminent, excellent, excelling in or distinguished by (locative case, instrumental case adverb in tas-,or compound), chief or best among (genitive case), better or worse than (ablative or compound)

etc.

viśiṣṭatama

mfn. distinguished, chief. best, better than (ablative)

viśiṣṭatara

mfn. distinguished, chief. best, better than (ablative)

viṣkira

m. ( kṝ-) "scatterer", a gallinaceous bird (such as a domestic fowl, partridge, quail etc.)

etc.

viśleṣa

m. loosening, separation, dissolution, disjunction, falling asunder

(saṃdhau v-or saṃdhi-v-,non-union of letters, hiatus

)

vismaraṇīya

mfn. to be forgotten

vismārita

mfn. caused to be forgotten, lost to memory

vismartavya

mfn. to be forgotten

vismarya

mfn. to be forgotten

vismṛ

P. -smarati- (mc. also A1.), to forget, be unmindful of (accusative or genitive case)

etc.: Passive voice -smaryate- (Aorist vy-asmāri-), to be forgotten

: Causal -smārayati- (future -smārayiṣyate-), to cause to forget

: Desiderative of Causal See vi-sismārayiṣu-.

vismṛta

mfn. one who has forgotten anything, forgetful of (accusative or compound)

vismṛta

mfn. forgotten by (instrumental case or genitive case)

etc.

vismṛtavat

mfn. one who has forgotten

viṣṇuvat

mfn. (v/iṣṇu--) attended by viṣṇu-

viṣṇvanuṣṭhita

(v/iṣṇv--

) (v/iṣṇv--

) mfn. attended by viṣṇu-.

viṣṇvanusthita

(v/iṣṇv--

) mfn. attended by viṣṇu-.

viśokā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attending on skanda-

visphāla

m. (also written vi-ṣphāla-

)

visphāra

m. (also written vi-ṣphāra-) opening wide

visphuliṅgaka

mf(ikā-)n. sparkling, glittering

visphur

(see vi-sphar-) P. -sphurati-, or -ṣphurati- (

), to dart asunder (intr.)

; to quiver, tremble, writhe, struggle

etc. ; to vibrate, flash, glitter

; to break forth, appear

visphurita

mfn. flashing, glittering ( visphuritaśastra -śastra- mfn.with glittering weapons

)

viśṝ

Passive voice -śīryate- (Aorist -śāri-

), to be broken or shattered or dissolved, crumble or fall to pieces, waste away, decay

etc. ; to be scattered or dispersed

; to be severed from (ablative)

; to be damaged or destroyed, perish

viśrambha

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) slackening, loosening, relaxation (of the organs of utterance), cessation

visrastabandhana

mfn. having bonds or fetters unfastened

visrāva

m. (also written -śrāva-) flowing forth, issuing

visrāvaṇa

n. (fr. Causal) causing to flow (blood, matter etc.) , bleeding

visṛj

P. -sṛjati- (Epic also A1.), to send or pour forth, let go or run or flow, discharge, emit, shoot, cast, hurl (literally and figuratively;"at" locative case dative case,or accusative with prati-)

etc. ; to turn (the eye) upon (locative case)

; to shed (tears)

; (A1.) to evacuate the bowels

; to utter (sounds or words)

etc. ; to set free, release (A1."one's self") from (ablative)

etc. ; to send away, dismiss, repudiate, reject, throw or cast off

etc. ; to despatch (a messenger)

; to pass over, overlook

; (in older language A1.) to abandon, desert, give up, renounce

etc. ; to open

; (A1.) to stretch out, extend

; to spread about, diffuse

; to remove

; to remit, exempt from (accusative)

; to hand over, deliver, bestow, grant

etc. ; to produce, create (especially "in detail")

etc.: Causal -sarjayati-, to discharge, emit, cast, hurl, throw (literally and figuratively)

etc. ; to utter (a sound)

; to set free, release, let go, dismiss

; to banish, exile

; to send out, despatch

etc. ; to abandon, desert, relinquish, give up, renounce, avoid

etc. ; to spare, save

; to commit, entrust

; to lay aside, remove

; to divulge, publish (news)

; to give away

; to hand over, deliver, grant, bestow

etc. ; to produce, create

; to answer questions

viśṛṅkhala

mfn. unfettered, unrestrained, unbounded ( viśṛṅkhalam am- ind.

)

visṛp

P. -sarpati- (mc. also A1.;Ved. infinitive mood -s/ṛpas-), to glide, move along or about, sneak, steal

etc. ; to fly about (as arrows)

; to be scattered or dispersed

; to be spread or diffused over (accusative)

etc. ; to spread, diffuse, divulge

: Causal -sarpayati-, to spread, extend

visṛṣṭa

mfn. sent or poured forth, let go, allowed to flow or run, discharged, emitted, shed, cast, thrown, hurled

etc.

visṛṣṭavāc

mfn. uttering words id est breaking silence

visṛta

mfn. uttered

visruti

f. (also written -śruti-) flowing forth, issuing from (ablative)

viṣṭhā

( sthā-;for 1. viṣṭhā-See) A1. -tiṣṭhate- (see

;Ved. and Epic also P.), to stand or go apart, be spread or diffused or scattered over or through (accusative or adhi-with locative case)

; to be removed or separated from (instrumental case)

; to stand, be stationary stand still, remain firm, abide, dwell, stop

etc. ; to keep ground, not to budge

; to be present or near

; to be engaged in (locative case)

: Causal (only Aorist -tiṣṭhipaḥ-) to spread, expand

viṣṭhita

mfn. scattered, spread, diffused

vistṛ

(or stṝ-) P. A1. -stṛṇoti-, -stṛṇute- ; -stṛṇāti-, -stṛṇīte- (Epic also -starati-; ind.p. -stīrya-,or -stṛtya-), to spread out, scatter, strew (sacrificial grass)

; to expand, extend (wings)

; to spread abroad, diffuse, divulge

; to enlarge or expatiate upon, speak diffusely about (accusative)

(vi-stīrya- ind.copiously, at large) ; (with vacanam-) to exchange words, converse with (instrumental case)

: Passive voice -stīryate- or -staryate- (future -stariṣyate-), to be spread abroad or widely diffused

; to be explained

: Causal -stārayati-, to spread, extend, diffuse, display

etc. (-stārya-,fully, copiously, at length) ; to discuss in detail

; to expose (wares for sale)

viṣūcikā

f. (fr. viṣūcī-;incorrectly visūcikā-) a particular disease (indigestion attended with evacuation in both directions according to to some "cholera in its sporadic form")

viṣvaksena

m. (sometimes written viśvak-s-) "whose hosts or powers go everywhere", Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa- (or of a particular form of that deity to whom the fragments of a sacrifice are offered)

etc.

viṣvaksena

m. of an attendant of viṣṇu-

viśvarucī

f. "all-glittering", Name of one of the seven tongues of fire,

viśvāsakārya

n. a confidential matter of business

viśvaścandra

(viśv/a--) mf(ā-)n. all-glittering

viṣyanda

m. (also written vi-syanda-and vi-spanda- see also vi-ṣpanda-) a drop

vīṭaka

n. (also written bīṭaka-) a preparation of the Areca nut with spices and lime rolled up together in a leaf of the betel plant (commonly called betel or Pan)

vitaṇḍā

f. cavil, captious objection, fallacious controversy, perverse or frivolous argument (especially in nyāya-,"idly carping at the arguments or assertions of another without attempting to prove the opposite side of the question"see

)

( vitaṇḍātva -tva- n. Scholiast or Commentator)

etc.

vitarka

m. a dubious or questionable matter

vithura

mf(ā-)n. ( vyath-) staggering, tottering

vithurya

Nom. P. y/ati-, to stagger, totter

vitṛd

P. A1. -tṛṇatti-, -trintte-, to pierce, bore, cleave, break asunder, excavate

: Causal -tardayati- idem or ' vi-tritīya- etc. See .'

vitṛtīya

mfn. intermittent on the third day (said of a kind of fever)

vittadā

f. Name of one of the mātṛ-s attendant on skanda-

vittārtha

m. "one who knows the matter", an expert

vittaśāṭhya

n. cheating in money matters

viṭṭhala

m. (also written viṭhala-, viṭhṭhala-,and viḍhḍhala-) Name of a god worshipped at Pandharpur in the Deccan (he is commonly called viṭho-bā-, and stated to be an incarnation of viṣṇu- or kṛṣṇa- himself, who is believed to have visited this city and infused a large portion of his essence into a Brahman named puṇḍarīka- or puṇḍalīka-, who had gained a great reputation for filial piety;his images represent him standing on a brick[ see 2. viḍ-]with his arms akimbo)

vivādasaṃvādabhū

f. a matter or subject of controversy or discussion

vivadh

(only Aorist vy-/avadhīt- subjunctive vi-vadhiṣaḥ-), to destroy utterly

vīvadhā

f. (vīvadhā-) a yoke (figuratively) id est chain, fetters (see vṛddha-v-).

vivāra

m. (in gram.) open or expanded state of the organs of speech, expansion of the throat in articulation (one of the ābhyantara-prayatna-s or efforts of articulate utterance which take place within the mouth, opp. to saṃ-vāra- q.v)

vivarṇ

(also written vi-vṛṇ- q.v) P. -varṇayati- (Aorist vyavīvṛṇat-), to excel in painting or description

; to discolour

; to dispraise

vivarṇa

mf(ā-)n. unlettered, stupid

vivartita

mfn. knitted (as the brows)

viveka

m. (in vedānta-) the power of separating the invisible Spirit from the visible world (or spirit from matter, truth from untruth, reality from mere semblance or illusion)

vivihan

(only in pr. parasmE-pada - ghnat-), to scatter, disperse,

viviktavarṇa

mfn. containing letters or syllables distinctly enunciated

vivṛtā

f. a particular disease, an ulcer attended with much pain and heat

viyu

P. -yuyoti-, -yauti-, to separate, part (intr.)

; to be separated from or deprived of (instrumental case)

; to separate (trans.), divide, detach or exclude from, deprive of (instrumental case)

; to keep off, avert

; to spread, scatter

; to open

vopadeva

m. Name of the author of the mugdha-bodha- grammar (also of the kavi-kalpadruma- and various other works, including, according to some, the bhāgavata-- purāṇa-;he was a son of keśava- and pupil of dhaneśvara-, and is said to have flourished about the latter half of the thirteenth century at the court of hemādri-, king of deva-giri-, now Dowlatabad).

vṛ

cl.5.9. P. A1. (

) vṛṇoti-, vṛṇute- ; vṛṇ/āti-, (mostly) vṛṇīt/e- (in

also v/aras-, rat-, ranta-,but these may be subjunctive Aorist; perfect tense vavāra-

; vavre-

[2. sg. vavṛṣ/e-,1. plural vavṛm/ahe-]etc.; Aorist avri-, avṛta-

[ Potential vurīta-, parasmE-pada urāṇ/a-]etc.; avṛṣi-, ṣata-

[2. plural avṛḍhvam-]

; avarīṣṭa- grammar; preceding variṣīṣṭa-

; future varītā-

; variṣyate-

; varīṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood varītum-

; varitum- grammar; ind.p. varitvā-or vṛtvā-

etc.; varītvā- grammar), to choose, select, choose for one's self, choose as (-arthe-or accusative of Persian) or for (-artham-or dative case, locative case instrumental case of thing)

etc. ; to choose in marriage, woo

etc. ; to ask a person (accusative) for (accusative) or on behalf of (kṛte-)

; to solicit anything (accusative) from (ablative or -tas-),

; to ask or request that (Potential with or without iti-)

; to like better than, prefer to (ablative,rarely instrumental case)

; to like, love (as opp. to"hate")

; to choose or pick out a person (for a boon), grant (a boon) to (accusative)

: Causal (

) varayati-, te- (Epic also vārayati-; Passive voice vary/ate-

) ; to choose, choose for one's self, choose as (accusative of Persian) or for (-artham- dative case or locative case of thing) , ask or sue for (accusative) or on behalf of (dative case or -arthe-), choose as a wife (accusative with or without patnīm-, dārān-,or patny-artham-)

etc. ; to like, love well

[ confer, compare Latin velle; Slavonic or Slavonian voliti; Got.wiljian; German wollan,wollen,Wahl,wohl; Anglo-Saxon willan; English will.]

vraṇ

(also written braṇ-) cl.1 P. vraṇati-, to sound

vrāta

m. the company or attendants at a marriage feast

vṛkodara

m. plural a class of demons attendant on śiva-

vṛkṣabhid

f. "tree-splitter", an axe

vṛndiṣṭha

mfn. (superl. and Comparative degree of vṛndāraka-) most or more eminent or excellent, best, better

vṛndīyas

mfn. (superl. and Comparative degree of vṛndāraka-) most or more eminent or excellent, best, better

vṛśa

m. Name of a man (with the patronymic jāra-, jāna-,or vaijāna-,supposed author of

etc. (also written vṛṣa-)

vṛṣa

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants

vṛṣabhadhvaja

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

vṛṣabhānu

m. (also written -bhāṇu-or -bhāna-) Name of a vaiśya- (the son of sūra-bhāna- and father of rādhā-)

vṛṣāṇa

m. Name of bāṇa- (an attendant of śiva-)

vṛṣāṇaka

m. of one of śiva-'s attendants

vṛt

cl.1 A1. (

) v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in

] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e-

[here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta-

; avṛtat-

etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata-

;2. sg. vartithās-

; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te-

etc.; vartiṣyati-, te-

etc.; Conditional avartsyat-

; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte-

; -v/ṛtas-

; vartitum-

etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya-

etc.; -v/artam-

etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears)

etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off

etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?")

; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.),

etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went")

; to depend on (locative case)

; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case),

etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case)

; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case)

; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually")

etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?")

etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case)

; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925)

etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion")

etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes

; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case)

; to become

; to associate with (saha-)

; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case)

: Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in

also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai-

; Passive voice vartyate-

), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl

etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.)

; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears)

etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave

etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare

; to begin to instruct (dative case)

; to understand, know, learn

; to treat

; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal

; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-)

: Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- (

), vivartiṣate- (

) , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail

[ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.]

vṛtra

m. Name of the Vedic personification of an imaginary malignant influence or demon of darkness and drought (supposed to take possession of the clouds, causing them to obstruct the clearness of the sky and keep back the waters; indra- is represented as battling with this evil influence in the pent up clouds poetically pictured as mountains or castles which are shattered by his thunderbolt and made to open their receptacles[ see especially

];as a dānava-, vṛtra- is a son of tvaṣṭṛ-, or of danu- q.v,and is often identified with ahi-, the serpent of the sky, and associated with other evil spirits, such as śuṣṇa-, namuci-, pipru-, śambara-, uraṇa-, whose malignant influences are generally exercised in producing darkness or drought)

etc.

vṛtta

n. a matter, affair, business

vṛttimat

mfn. one who is engaged in a particular matter or has a particular way of thinking

vrūs

(also written vrūṣ-,or brūs-; varia lectio vrīs-) cl.1.10. P. vrūsati-, vrūsayati-, to hurt, kill

vyābhagna

mfn. ( bhañj-) broken to pieces, shattered

(varia lectio -bhugna-).

vyādā

P. A1. -dadāti-, -datte-, to open wide, open (especially the mouth, with or scilicet mukham-; A1.,"to open the mouth of another person, cause any one to open the mouth"

)

vyāḍiśikṣā

f. Name of work on Vaidic phonetics (also written vyāla-ś-).

vyāghrākṣa

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

vyāghravaktra

m. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants

vyāghriṇī

f. (with Buddhists) Name of a being attendant on the mātṛ-s

vyāghūrnita

mfn. whirled about, rolling about, tottering, reeling

vyagra

mf(ā-)n. not attending to any one particular point (opp. to ekāgra-), distracted, inattentive

vyagra

mf(ā-)n. tottering, unsteady, exposed to dangers (See a-vy-)

vyāhāra

m. utterance, language, speech, discourse, conversation, talk about (compound)

vyāharaṇa

n. the act of uttering or pronouncing, utterance, speech (mama vyāharaṇāt-,"because I say so")

vyāhartavya

mfn. to be uttered or told or said to (locative case)

vyāhṛ

P. A1. -harati-, te-, to utter or pronounce a sound, speak, say to (accusative), converse with (saha-), name (with nāmabhis-,to call by name;with praśnān-,to answer questions;with udāharāṇi-,to state examples)

etc. ; to begin to talk (said of a child)

; to confess, avow to (genitive case)

; to utter inarticulate sounds, cry, scream (said of animals)

; to sport, enjoy one's self (exceptionally for vi-hṛ-)

; to cut off, sever

(Bombay edition vi-hṛ-): Desiderative -jihīrṣati-, to wish to pronounce or utter

vyāhṛta

mfn. spoken, uttered, said, told, declared, stated

etc., etc.

vyāhṛta

mfn. one who has uttered a sound

vyāhṛti

f. utterance, speech, declaration, statement

vyāhṛti

f. (also tī-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' tikā-), the mystical utterance of the names of the seven worlds (viz. bhūr-, bhuvar-[or bhuvaḥ-], svar-, mahar-, janar-, tapar-, satya-[qq. vv.] the first three of which, called,"the great vyāhṛti-s", are pronounced after om-by every Brahman in commencing his daily prayers and are personified as the daughters of savitṛ- and pṛśni-)

etc.

vyākīrṇa

mfn. ( kṝ-) scattered or tossed in every direction, confused, disturbed, troubled

vyākīrṇārcis

mfn. having scattered or dim flames

vyākośa

mfn. (also written -ākoṣa-) fully expanded or blown, opened

etc.

vyākulalālāpa

mfn. uttering confused or discordant sounds

vyāmarśa

m. ( mṛś-) rubbing out erasure

(wrongly written vy-ā-marṣa-).

vyāmiśra

mfn. troubled, distracted, inattentive

vyaṅga

mfn. (for 1.See column 1) spotted, speckled

vyañjana

n. the letter (as opp. to artha-,"meaning")

vyāpatti

f. disappearance, substitution (of one sound or letter by another)

vyapekṣ

( -apa-īkṣ-) A1. -apeṣate-, to look about, look for, regard, mind, pay regard or attention to (accusative)

vyāpta

mfn. comprehended or included under (a general notion), having invariably inherent properties, invariably pervaded or attended or accompanied by (in logic; exempli gratia, 'for example' dhūmo vahninnā vyāptaḥ-,"smoke is invariably attended by fire"),

vyāpti

f. pervasion, inherence, inherent and inseparable presence of any one thing in another (as of oil in sesamum seed, heat in fire etc.), universal pervasion, invariable concomitance, universal distribution or accompaniment (exempli gratia, 'for example'"smoke is always pervaded by fire", or"fire is necessarily attended with smoke"see

)

vyāptilakṣaṇa

n. a sign or proof of universal pervasion or of the invariable attendance of an inherent property or characteristic

vyāptimat

mfn. pervaded, attended by

vyāpya

mfn. permeable, penetrable, capable of being attended by any inherent characteristic

vyāpyatā

f. permeableness, the state of being pervaded or attended by

vyāpyatva

n. permeableness, the state of being pervaded or attended by

vyard

P. -ardati-, to flow away

; to oppress, harass, pain (See a-vyarṇa-): Causal -ardayati-, to cause to be scattered or dissolved, destroy, annihilate

vyas

as- P. -asyati- (Epic perfect tense vivyāsa-as if fr. a vyas-), to throw or cast asunder or about or away, throw (effort) into, divide, separate, dispose, arrange ; scatter, disperse ; expel, remove

etc.

vyāsaṅga

m. separate attention, distraction (of thought)

vyasta

mfn. scattered, dispersed,

vyathana

n. tottering, wavering

vyathis

mfn. tottering, wavering, sloping

vyathita

mfn. tottering, rocking, reeling

vyatijalp

P. -jalpati-, to chatter together, gossip

Va1rtt. 1

vyatikīrṇa

mfn. scattered about in different directions

vyatimūḍha

mfn. ( muh-) excessively perplexed or embarrassed, utterly distracted

vyatyāsa

m. change, inverted order, reverse (ena-and āt-,"invettedly, alternately")

vyavadhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dkatte-, to place apart or asunder

; to put or place between, interpose

; to leave out, omit,

; to separate, divide, interrupt

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be separated or divided or interrupted

: Causal , -dhāpayati-, to separate

vyavadhāna

n. intervening, intervention (especially in gram."the intervention of a syllable or letter")

( vyavadhānena nena- ind.="indirectly"

)

vyavahāra

m. affair, matter

vyavahāramātṛkā

f. the material or matter of ordinary judicature, legal process in general, any act or subject relating to the formation of legal courts or the administration of justice (arranged under thirty heads in the beginning of the second book or vyavahārādhyāya- of the mitākṣarā- exempli gratia, 'for example' 1. vyavahāra-darśanani-,2. vyavahāra-lakṣaṇam-,3. sabhā-sadaḥ-,4. prāḍ-vivākādiḥ-,5. vyavahāra-viṣayah-,6. rājñaḥ kāryānutpādakatvam-,7. kāryārthini praśnaḥ-,8. āhvānānāhvāne-,9. āsedhah-,10. pratyarthiny āgatelekhyādi-kartavyatā-,11. pañca-vidho hīnaḥ-,12. kīdṛśaṃ lekhyam-,13. pakṣābhāsāḥ-,14. anadeyāḥ-,15. ādeyaḥ-,and fifteen others)

vyavahāraviṣaya

m. a subject or title of legal procedure, any act or matter which may become the subject of legal proceedings (according to

eighteen in number, viz. ṛṇādānam-, nikṣepaḥ-, asvāmi-vikrayaḥ-, sambhūya-samutthānam-, dattasyānapakarma-, vetanādānam-, saṃvid-vyatikramaḥ-, kraya-vikrayānuśayaḥ-, svāmi-pālayor vivādaḥ-, sīmā-vivādaḥ-, vāk-pāruṣyam-, daṇḍa-pāruṣyam-, steyam-, sāhasam-, strī-saṃgrahaṇam-, strīpuṃ-dharmaḥ-, vibhāgaḥ-, dyūtam-, āhvayaḥ-,qq.vv.)

vyavahārāyogya

mfn. unfitted for legal proceedings

vyavakṝ

P. -kirati-, to scatter or pour down or on or about

vyavasāyadvitīya

mfn. doubled or attended by (id est possessing) resolution

vyavaso

P. -syati- (Epic also -syate-[with act. and pass. meaning];1. sg. proper -sāmi-; Potential -seyam-, -set-; future -siṣyati-), to settle down or dwell separately

; to differ (in opinion), contest, quarrel

; to separate, divide (opp. to sam-as-)

; to determine, resolve, decide, be willing to (accusative dative case, artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',or infinitive mood)

etc. ; to settle, ascertain, be convinced or persuaded of take for (accusative)

etc. ; to ponder, reflect, consider

; to make strenuous effort, labour or seek after, make an attempt upon (accusative)

: Passive voice -sīyate-, to be settled or ascertained or fixed on or determined or decided (often impersonal or used impersonally)

etc.: Causal -sāyayati-, to cause to resolve, encourage to undertake, embolden

; to incite or instigate to (infinitive mood)

vyavasthā

f. legal decision or opinion (applied to the written extracts from the codes of law or adjustment of contradictory passages in different codes)

vyavasthāpattra

n. a written deed, document

vyavasthitavibhāṣā

f. (in law, gram. etc.) an option fixed or determined in each particular case applicable or omitted throughout (the operation being in one case carried out throughout and in the other omitted throughout)

vyavasthitavikalpa

m. (in law, gram. etc.) an option fixed or determined in each particular case applicable or omitted throughout (the operation being in one case carried out throughout and in the other omitted throughout)

vyaveta

mfn. separated, divided (especially by insertion of a letter)

( vyavetatva -tva- n.)

vyāvṛttasarvendriyārtha

mfn. turned away from all objects of sense, indifferent to all worldly matters

vyomasambhavā

f. a spotted cow

vyudas

P. -asyati-, to throw about, scatter

; to discharge, emit

; to cast off, reject, give up, abandon

vyudasta

mfn. thrown or scattered about, cast off, thrown aside

vyupta

mfn. (past participle of vi-vap-) scattered about, disordered, dishevelled

vyuṣ

(also read pyuṣ-) cl.4 P. vyuṣati-, to burn (in this sense perhaps equals vy-uṣ-)

; to divide, distribute (in this sense also written pyus-, puṣ-, byus-, bus-)

; cl.10 P. vyoṣayati-, to reject, discharge, emit (in this sense also written pus-)

vyutta

mfn. well sprinkled or wetted, drenched

yadvada

mfn. talking anything, saying no matter what

yajña

m. act of worship or devotion, offering, oblation, sacrifice (the former meanings prevailing in veda-, the latter in post-Vedic literature; see mahā-y-)

etc.

yajñāṅga

m. the black-spotted antelope

yajñavāha

m. Name of one of skanda-'s attendants

yajñodumbara

m. Ficus Glomerata (also written ḍumbara-).

yajurveda

m. "the sacrificial veda-", the collective body of sacred mantra-s or texts which constitute the yajur-veda- (these mantra-s, though often consisting of the prose yajus-, are frequently identical with the mantra-s of the ṛg-veda-, the yajur-veda- being only a sort of sacrificial prayer-book for the adhvaryu- priests formed out of the ṛg-veda-, which had to be dissected and rearranged with additional texts for sacrificial purposes; the most characteristic feature of the yajur-veda- is its division into two distinct collections of texts, the taittirīya-saṃhitā- and the vājasaneyi-saṃhitā- q.v; the former of which is also called kṛṣṇa- id est"Black", because in it the saṃhitā- and brāhmaṇa- portions are confused; and the latter śukla- id est"White", because in this, which is thought the more recent of the two recensions, the saṃhitā- is cleared from confusion with its brāhmaṇa- and is as it were white or orderly; the order of sacrifices, however, of both recensions is similar, two of the principal being the darśa-pūrṇa-māsa- or sacrifice to be performed at new and full moon, and the aśva-medha- or horse-sacrifice; see

)

yajus

n. a sacrificial prayer or formula (technical term for particular mantra-s muttered in a peculiar manner at a sacrifice;they were properly in prose and distinguished from the ṛc-and sāman- q.v)

etc.

yakāra

m. the letter or sound ya-,

yakṣa

m. Name of a class of semi-divine beings (attendants of kubera-, exceptionally also of viṣṇu-;described as sons of pulastya-, of pulaha-, of kaśyapa-, of khasā- or krodhā-;also as produced from the feet of brahmā-;though generally regarded as beings of a benevolent and inoffensive disposition, like the yakṣa- in kālidāsa-'s megha-dūta-, they are occasionally classed with piśāca-s and other malignant spirits, and sometimes said to cause demoniacal possession;as to their position in the Buddhist systemSee

)

etc.

yakṣaka

m. equals yakṣa- Name of certain mythical beings attending on kubera-

yam

cl.1 P. (

) y/acchati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and Vedic or Veda Epic y/amati-, te-; perfect tense yayāma-, yeme-;2. sg. yayantha-,3. plural yem/uḥ-, yemir/e-

etc.;3. dual number irreg. -yamatuḥ-

; Aorist /ayān-, /ayamuh-; imperative yaṃsi-, yandh/i-; Potential yamyās-, yamīmahi-

; /ayāṃsam-, ayāṃsi-, /ayaṃsta- subjunctive yaṃsat-, satas-, sate-

;3. sg. -y/amiṣṭa-

; ayaṃsiṣam- grammar; future yantā-

; yaṃsyati-, yamiṣyati-

etc. infinitive mood y/antum-, yamitum-

; y/antave-, y/amitav/ai-

; ind.p. yatvā-, yamitvā-

etc.; y/atya-

; -yamya-

; -y/amam-

), to sustain, hold, hold up, support (A1."one's self";with locative case"to be founded on")

; to raise, wield (a weapon etc.; A1.with āyudhaih-,"to brandish weapons")

; to raise, extend or hold (as a screen etc.) over (dative case)

; (A1.) to extend one's self before (dative case)

; to raise (the other scale), weigh more

; to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show

; to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control

etc. ; to offer ; confer, grant, bestow on (dative case or locative case), present with (instrumental case)

etc. ; (with mārgam-), to make way for (genitive case)

; (with prati-and ablative), to give anything in exchange for anything

; (A1.) to give one's self up to, be faithful to, obey (dative case)

; to raise, utter (a sound etc.)

; to fix, establish

; (A1.) to be firm, not budge

; to catch fire

(Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice yamy/ate- (Aorist /ayā-mī-), to be raised or lifted up or held back or restrained

etc. etc.: Causal yāmayati- (

), yamayati- (

etc.; te-

; Aorist ayīyamat-), to restrain, hold in, control, keep or put in order: Desiderative yiyaṃsati-, to wish to restrain etc.

: Intensive yaṃyamīti- (See ud-yam-) or yaṃyamyate- (

, Va1rtt. 2

) ([ confer, compare Greek ,"restraint, punishment."])

yama

m. Name of the god who presides over the pitṛ-s (q.v) and rules the spirits of the dead

etc.

(he is regarded as the first of men and born from vivasvat-,"the Sun" , and his wife saraṇyū-;while his brother, the seventh manu-, another form of the first man, is the son of vivasvat- and saṃjñā-, the image of saraṇyū-;his twin-sister is yamī-, with whom he resists sexual alliance, but by whom he is mourned after his death, so that the gods, to make her forget her sorrow, create night;in the veda- he is called a king or saṃgamano janānām-,"the gatherer of men", and rules over the departed fathers in heaven, the road to which is guarded by two broad-nosed, four-eyed, spotted dogs, the children of śaramā- q.v;in Post-vedic mythology he is the appointed Judge and"Restrainer"or"Punisher"of the dead, in which capacity he is also called dharmarāja-or dharma-and corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos;his abode is in some region of the lower world called yama-pura-;thither a soul when it leaves the body, is said to repair, and there, after the recorder, citra-gupta-, has read an account of its actions kept in a book called agra-saṃdhānā-, it receives a just sentence;in

yama- is described as dressed in blood-red garments, with a glittering form, a crown on his head, glowing eyes and like varuṇa-, holding a noose, with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body, in size about the measure of a man's thumb;he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect, green in colour, clothed in red, riding on a buffalo, and holding a club in one hind and noose in the other;in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures, called yātanā-,on departed spirits;he is also one of the 8 guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter;he is the regent of the nakṣatra- apa-bharaṇī- or bharaṇī-, the supposed author of

,of a hymn to viṣṇu- and of a law-book; yamasyārkaḥ-Name of a sāman-

)

yama

m. of one of skanda-'s attendants (mentioned together with ati-yama-)

yama

n. (in gram.) a twin-letter (the consonant interposed and generally understood, but not written in practice, between a nasal immediately preceded by one of the four other consonants in each class)

yama

n. pitch of the voice, tone of utterance, key

yamahārdikā

f. Name of one of devī-'s female attendants