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|  | | abhaujiṣya | n. "not the state of a servant", independence  (see a-bhujiṣya- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order a-bhukta-.)  | | | abhibhavana | n. the state of being overpowered | | | abhidhānatva | n. the state of being used as a name. | | | abhidhāyakatva | n. the state of being expressive. | | | abhidhyai | -dhyāyati-, to direct one's intention to, set one's heart upon, intend, desire etc. ; to meditate | | | abhihitatā | f. ([ ]) the having been said or stated or named | | | abhihitatva | n. the having been said or stated or named | | | abhijñā | f. supernatural science or faculty of a buddha- (of which five or six are enumerated, viz. 1. taking any form at will;2. hearing to any distance;3. seeing to any distance;4. penetrating men's thoughts;5. knowing their state and antecedents). confer, compare ṣaḍ-- abh-, parasmE-pada 1109 | | | abhilulita | mfn. shaken about, agitated | | | abhimānitā | f. the state of self-conceitedness. | | | abhimānitva | n. the state of self-conceitedness. | | | abhimardin | mfn. one who devastates. | | | abhimṛd | to oppress, to devastate, destroy etc. ; (in astronomy) to be in opposition to | | | ābhimukhya | n. the state of being about to do anything. | | | abhiniviṣṭatā | f. state of being persevering | | | abhirāmatā | f. the state of being agreeable to (in compound) | | | abhirūpatā | f. the state of being learned or well educated | | | abhiṣaṅga | m. the state of being possessed by evil spirits (see bhūtābhiṣaṅga-) or disturbed in mind | | | abhisiddhi | f. the state of being effected or realized | | | abhīṣṭatā | f. state of being desired. | | | abhujiṣyātva | n. the state of a woman who lives independently (see a-bh/aujiṣya-.) | | | abhūtatva | n. "the state of not having existed or happened any time", impossibility commentator or commentary on | | | abhyanūkta | mfn. stated or uttered with reference to (accusative) (see abhyukta-.) | | | abhyanuvac | (perf. -anūvāca-) to declare or state or utter with reference to (accusative) : Passive voice (3. plural -anūcyante-) to be referred to by some statement or verse | | | abhyātānatva | n. the state of those war-songs | | | abhyativṛt | -vartate-, to drive past (varia lectio) | | | abhyāvṛt | -v/artate- (Imper. 2. sg. -vavṛtsva-; P. imperfect tense 3. sg. -āvart-[ ]) to roll (as a cart) towards, come up to or towards (accusative), approach : Causal (Ved.) -vavartati- idem or '(imperfect tense -āviśat-) to rush into (accusative) ; P. A1. to enter into, penetrate ' ; -vartayati-, to repeat | | | abhyuditaśāyitā | f. the state of lying asleep while the sun has risen | | | abhyupagama | m. (as a statement) commentator or commentary on | | | abhyupāvṛt | -up/ā-vartate- (also P. Aorist subjunctive 1. and 3. sg. -up/ā-vṛtam-, -up/ā-vṛtat-) to turn one's self or go towards (accusative) | | | abhyupayā | to approach, go towards (accusative or dative case) ; (with śamam-) to enter the state of rest | | | abhyupe | ( i-), -upaiti- (3. plural -/upayanti-) to go near, approach, arrive at, enter etc. ; (with apaḥ-) to bathe ; to approach (in copulation) ; to go to meet any one (accusative) ; to enter a state or condition, obtain, share (Ved. infinitive mood -upaitos-) etc. ; to admit as an argument or a position (perf. p. genitive case plural -upeyuṣām-) commentator or commentary on and on ; to select as (accusative) ; to agree with, approve of (See abhy-upeta-): Passive voice -upeyate- to be approved of, admitted | | | ācāryadeśīya | mfn. (see ) "somewhat inferior to an ācārya-"(a title applied by commentators to scholars or disputants whose statements contain only a part of the truth and are not entirely correct;the term is opposed to " ācārya-"and" siddhāntin-"), kaiyaṭa- and nāgojībhaṭṭa- on | | | acchāvākīya | n. the state or work of the acchāvāka- | | | ādaraṇīyatva | n. the state of being venerable. | | | aḍḍ | cl.1 P. aḍḍati-, ānaḍḍa-, aḍḍitum-, to join ; to infer, argue ; to meditate, discern ; to attack | | | adhaḥprastara | m. seat or bed of turf or grass (for persons in a state of impurity). | | | ādhamarṇya | n. (fr. adhamarṇa-), the state of being a debtor | | | ādhāratā | f. the state of being a support, etc. | | | ādhāratva | n. the state of being a support, etc. | | | ādharṣya | n. the state of being assailable, etc. | | | ādharya | n. (fr. adhara-), the state of being inferior or of losing a cause (in law) | | | ādhava | m. one who stirs up or agitates | | | ādhava | m. that which is agitated, mixture | | | ādhāva | m. plural that which is agitated or cleansed by stirring | | | ādhāyakatva | n. the state of giving etc. | | | ādhāyintā | f. the state of causing etc. | | | ādhī | (see ā-dhyai-;according to , -dīdhī-), P. (subjunctive 3. plural /ā-dīdhayan-) to mind, care for : A1. (subjunctive 2. sg. /ā-dīdhīthās-) to meditate on, think about, care for, wish for ; (parasmE-pada Aorist -dh/īṣamāṇa- mfn. ) to wish for, long for. | | | ādhīta | mfn. reflected or meditated upon | | | ādhītayajus | n. a sacrificial prayer which is meditated upon. | | | ādhu | or -dhū- P. (-dhunoti-[ ]1. sg. /ā-dhūnomi-[ ] Potential 3. sg. -dhūnuyāt-[ ]) A1. (3. plural /ā-dhunvate-[ ],etc.) to stir, agitate. | | | ādhūta | mf(ā-)n. shaken, agitated etc. | | | ādhūya | ind.p. having shaken or agitated | | | ādhyai | (see ā-dhī-) P. (parasmE-pada -dhyāyat-[ ]; imperative 2. sg. -dhyāhi-[ ]) to meditate on ; to wish or pray for anything for another. | | | adhyāropa | m. (in vedānta- philosophy) wrong attribution, erroneous transferring of a statement from one thing to another. | | | adhyātmacetas | m. one who meditates on the Supreme Spirit. | | | ādimattva | n. the state of having a beginning | | | ādimatva | n. the state of being first, etc. | | | adititva | n. the state of the goddess aditi- | | | ādityatva | n. the state of being the sun | | | adṛṣṭa | n. unforeseen danger or calamity, that which is beyond the reach of observation or consciousness, (especially the merit or demerit attaching to a man's conduct in one state of existence and the corresponding reward or punishment with which he is visited in another) | | | adṛṣṭāsrutapūrvatva | n. the state of never having been seen or heard before. | | | āgam | P. -gacchati- (imperative -gacchatāt- ;2. sg. -gahi-[frequently, in ], once -gadhi-[ ]; perf. -jag/āma- etc.; Potential -jagamyāt- ; subjunctive -gamat-; Aorist 3. sg. -agāmi- ; subjunctive 2. dual number -gamiṣṭam- ) to come, make one's appearance, come near from (ablative) or to (accusative or locative case), arrive at, attain, reach etc. ; (generally with p/unar-) to return etc. ; to fall into (any state of mind), have recourse to ; to meet with (instrumental case) : Causal (imperative 2. sg. -gamaya-) to cause to come near ; -gamayati-, to announce the arrival of (accusative) on ; (Potential A1. -gamayeta-; perf. P. -gamayām-āsa-) to obtain information about (accusative), ascertain ; to learn from (ablative) : A1. -gamayate- ( commentator or commentary) to wait for (accusative), have patience : Intensive -ganīganti-, to approach repeatedly (accusative) : Desiderative (parasmE-pada -jigamiṣat-) to be about to come | | | āgata | mfn. entered (into any state or condition of mind) | | | aghnyatva | n. the state of being a cow, | | | āghoṣa | m. proclaiming, boastful statement | | | agnidīpti | f. active state of digestion | | | agnihotratva | n. the state of the agnihotra- | | | agnisāt | ind. to the state of fire (used in compound with1. kṛ-and bhū- exempli gratia, 'for example' agnisāt kṛ-,to reduce to fire, to consume by fire) see bhasmasāt-. | | | āgniṣṭomya | n. the state or condition of the agniṣṭoma- | | | agnitā | (agn/i-) f. the state of fire | | | agradharma | m. high spiritual state, | | | ah | (defective verb, only perf. 3. sg. /āha-and 3. plural āh/uḥ- etc.,2. sg. āttha- () 3. dual number āhatuḥ- ) to say, speak etc. ; (with lexicographers) to express, signify ; to call (by name, nāmnā-) ; to call, hold, consider, regard as (with two accusative,for one of which may be substituted a phrase with iti-) etc. ; to state or declare with reference to (accusative) ; to acknowledge, accept, state ; to adjudge anything (accusative) to any one (genitive case), [ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish ag-all,"speech";eigh-im,"I call"; Gothic af-aika,"I deny"; Latin negoforn'-ego,"to say no";ad-ag-ium,ajo,etc.] | | | aha | ind. (as admitting, limiting, etc.) it is true, I grant, granted, indeed, at least ([For the rules of accentuation necessitated in a phrase by the particle /aha- see ]) | | | ahāryatva | n. the state of not being liable to be taken away | | | aikabhāvya | n. (fr. eka-bhāva- gaRa brāhmaṇādi- ), the state of being one, singleness. | | | aikādhikaraṇya | n. (fr. ekādhikaraṇa-), the state of having but one object of relation | | | aikāhya | n. (fr. idem or 'mf(ī-)n. belonging to an ekāha- (q.v) sacrifice '), the state of an ekāha- (q.v) sacrifice | | | aikapadya | n. (See the last) unity of words, the state of being one word on | | | aikasvarya | n. (fr. eka-svara-), the state of having but one accent (as of a compound) on | | | aindriyakatva | n. the state of relating to senses commentator or commentary on | | | aiśvarya | n. the state of being a mighty lord, sovereignty, supremacy, power, sway etc. | | | aitadātmya | n. (fr. etad-ātman-), the state of having the nature or property of this (= ) . | | | ajapāla | Name (also title or epithet) of a particular tree (under which buddha- meditated), | | | ajīti | f. the state of being uninjured | | | ajyāni | f. the state of being uninjured (see /a-jīti-) | | | ajyeyatā | f. state of anything which is not to be hurt or overpowered | | | ākampita | mfn. caused to tremble, shaken, agitated | | | akartṛtva | n. state of non-agency. | | | ākrānta | mfn. overcome or agitated (as by feelings or passions) etc. | | | ākṣepa | m. objection (especially to rectify a statement of one's own) etc. | | | akṣobha | mfn. unagitated, unmoved | | | ākula | mf(ā-)n. (fr. ā--1. kṝ-?) confounded, confused, agitated, flurried etc. | | | alabdhabhūmikatva | n. the state of not obtaining any degree (bhūmi-) of deep meditation | | | ālāpa | m. statement of the question in an arithmetical or algebraic sum | | | āloḍita | mfn. shaken, agitated | | | āloḍya | having agitated | | | ālokanīyatā | f. the state or condition of being visible | | | alola | mfn. unagitated, firm, steady | | | ālolita | mfn. a little shaken or agitated. | | | āluḍ | Causal P. -loḍayati-, to stir up, mix ; to agitate. | | | ālulita | mfn. ( lul-), a little moved or agitated | | | āma | n. state or condition of being raw | | | āmād | mfn. eating raw flesh or food ( āmādya āmādya- n.the state of eating raw flesh.) | | | amanībhāva | m. the state of not having perception or intellect | | | amarakoṭa | m. "fortress of immortals", Name of the capital of a Rajput state. | | | amaralokatā | f. "state of the abode of the gods", the bliss of heaven | | | amarmavedhitā | f. the state of not inflicting severe injury on others, absence of acrimony (one of the thirty-five vāg-guṇa-s of a tīrthaṃkara-) | | | āmath | or ā-manth- P. (perfect tense -mamantha-) to whirl round or stir with velocity, agitate, shake about | | | amaṭha | m. (from 3. am-) a stately gait (= prakarṣa-- gati-), | | | amauna | n. the state of not being a muni- or not keeping the vows of a muni- | | | ambuprasāda | m. the clearing nut tree, Strychnos Potatorum (the nuts of this plant are generally used in India for purifying water[ see ];they are rubbed upon the inner surface of a vessel, and so precipitate the impurities of the fluid it contains). | | | ambuprasādana | n. the clearing nut tree, Strychnos Potatorum (the nuts of this plant are generally used in India for purifying water[ see ];they are rubbed upon the inner surface of a vessel, and so precipitate the impurities of the fluid it contains). | | | āmiṣatā | f. the state of being a prey or preyed upon | | | āmiṣatva | n. the state of being a prey or preyed upon | | | āmriman | m. the state of being a mango tree (?) , (gaṇa- dṛḍhādi-.) | | | aṃśitā | f. the state of a sharer or co-heir, heirship. | | | āmuṣmika | mf(ī-)n. (fr. amuṣmin- locative case of adas-), of that state | | | āmuṣmikatva | n. the state of being there or belonging to the other world | | | ānaddhatva | n. state of being bound, obstruction. | | | ānaddhavastitā | f. state of having the bladder obstructed. | | | anāditva | n. state of having no beginning. | | | anamīva | n. good health, happy state | | | anapāya | m. (in philosophy) the state of not being abridged or deprived of (ablative) | | | anapāyin | mfn. not going or passing away, constant in the same state | | | ānartita | mfn. agitated gently | | | ānāthya | n. (fr. a-nātha-), state of being unprotected or without a guardian, orphanage | | | anavasthā | mfn. (in philosophy) non-finality (of a proposition), endless series of statements. | | | anavattva | n. the state of being endowed with breath or life | | | andolaya | Nom. P. andolayati-, to agitate, to swing. | | | āndolaya | Nom. P. āndolayati-, to swing, agitate | | | andolita | mfn. agitated, swung. | | | āndolita | mfn. agitated, shaken, swung | | | aṅgatā | f. a state of subordination or dependance, the being of secondary importance, the being unessential. | | | aṅgatva | n. a state of subordination or dependance, the being of secondary importance, the being unessential. | | | ānī | P. -nayati- (1. plural /ā-nayāmasi- ; imperative 2. sg. /ā-naya-,3. sg. /ā-nayatu-; perfect tense /ā-nināya- ,and ā-nin/āya- ; infinitive mood -netav/ai- ) A1. (1. sg. -naye- ) to lead towards or near ; to bring, carry to a place (accusative or locative case) ; to fetch etc. ; (perf. periphr. -nayāmāsa- ) to cause to bring or fetch ; to bring back or take back ; to pour in, mix in etc. ; to bring any one to, reduce to any state ; to deduce, calculate ; to use, employ, prove: Causal P. -nāyayati-, to cause to be brought or fetched or led near etc.: Desiderative -ninīṣati-, to intend or wish to bring near | | | ānṛt | P. (Aorist 3. plural /ā-nṛtus- ; parasmE-pada -n/ṛtyat- ) to dance towards, hasten near, jump near: Causal (imperfect tense 3. plural -nartayan-) to agitate gently | | | antaraṅgatva | n. the state or condition of an antaraṅga-. | | | antarapraśna | m. a question which is contained in and arises from what has been previously stated. | | | anubandha | m. a child or pupil who imitates an example set by a parent or preceptor | | | anubandhitva | n. the state of being accompanied or attended or followed. | | | anucint | to meditate, consider, recall to mind ; Caus. to make to consider. | | | anugam | cl.1 P. -gacchati-, -gantum-, to go after, follow, seek, approach, visit, arrive ; to practise, observe, obey, imitate ; to enter into ; to die out, be extinguished: Causal -gamayati-, to imitate cause to die out. | | | anugamya | mfn. to be followed or imitated. | | | anugantavya | mfn. worthy of being imitated, to be looked for or discovered | | | anuhārya | mfn. to be imitated | | | anuhṛ | to imitate ; to resemble: A1. -harate-, to take after (one's parents). | | | anujap | to follow or imitate in muttering. | | | anujīv | to follow or imitate in living ; to live for any one ; to live by or upon something ; to live submissively under, be dependent on: ; Caus. -jīvayati-, to restore to life | | | anūka | mn. a former state of existence | | | anukārya | mfn. to be imitated or copied, to be acted (dramatically) | | | anukḷp | to follow in order : Causal -kalpayati-, to cause to follow or imitate in order. | | | anukṛ | to do afterwards, to follow in doing ; to imitate, copy ; to equal ; to requite ; to adopt: Caus. -kārayati-, to cause to imitate. | | | anukrakaca | mfn. dentated like a saw, serrated. | | | anukṛta | mfn. imitated, made like. | | | anukṛtya | mfn. fit to be imitated | | | anūktitva | n. state of requiring repetition or explanation. | | | ānulomya | n. the state of being prosperous, doing well | | | ānumānikatva | n. the state of being inferable | | | anupaghātārjita | mfn. acquired without detriment (to the paternal estate). | | | anuprath | A1. -prathate-, to extend or spread along (accusative) ; to praise, (Comm. on) | | | anuragitā | f. the state of being in love with. | | | anurodhitā | f. the state of being so | | | anuru | to imitate the cry or answer to the cry of (accusative) | | | anuśak | to be able to imitate or come up with : Desiderative Causal P. -śikṣayati-, to teach, instruct. | | | anusaṃcint | to meditate. | | | anusāra | m. nature, natural state or condition of anything | | | anutpattikadharmakṣānti | f. acquiescence in the state which is still future, preparation for a future state | | | anuvad | P. (with accusative) to repeat the words of ; to imitate (in speaking) ; to resound ; to repeat, insist upon ; (according to ,also A1.if without object or followed by a Gen.) Passive voice (anūdyate-) to be expressed correspondingly ; see anudita- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order | | | anuvādyatva | n. the state of requiring to be explained by an anuvāda-. | | | anuvartitva | n. the state of being so. | | | anuvicint | to recall to mind ; to meditate upon | | | anuvṛt | A1. to go after ; to follow, pursue ; to follow from a previous rule, be supplied from a previous sentence ; to attend ; to obey, respect, imitate ; to resemble ; to assent ; to expect ; Causal P. -vartayati-, to roll after or forward ; to follow up, carry out ; to supply. | | | anuvyākhyāna | n. that portion of a brāhmaṇa- which explains or illustrates difficult sūtra-s, texts or obscure statements occurring in another portion | | | anuyā | to go towards or after, follow ; to imitate, equal. | | | anuyat | A1. -yatate-, to strive to attain to or to reach | | | anvābhū | to imitate, equal | | | anvācar | to follow or imitate in doing | | | anvādeśa | m. mentioning after, a repeated mention, referring to what has been stated previously, re-employment of the same word in a subsequent part of a sentence, the employment again of the same thing to perform a subsequent operation. | | | anvādeśaka | mfn. referring to a previous statement | | | anvākhyāna | n. a minute account or statement | | | anvayitva | n. the state of being a necessary consequence. | | | anvi | to go after or alongside, to follow ; to seek ; to be guided by ; to fall to one's share ; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /anv-etave- to reach or join ([ ]), to imitate ([ ]) ; /anv-etav/ai-, to go along (with accusative) | | | anyabhāva | m. change of state, (vin-, mfn. changed, altered, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding) | | | anyaśākhaka | m. an apostate | | | anyathābhidhāna | n. false statement or deposition, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding | | | anyathātva | n. an opposite state of the case, difference. | | | āpad | A1. -padyate- (perfect tense -pede- Aorist āpādi-,etc.) to come, walk near, approach ; to enter, get in, arrive at, go into etc. ; to fall in or into ; to be changed into, be reduced to any state ; to get into trouble, fall into misfortune ; etc. ; to get, attain, take possession ; to happen, occur etc.: Causal -pādayati- (Aorist 1. plural /ā-pīpadāma- ) to cause to enter, bring on ; to bring to any state ; to bring into trouble or misfortune etc. ; to bring near or towards, fetch, procure, produce, cause, effect etc. ; to procure for one's self, obtain, take possession ; to change, transform. | | | āpādana | n. bringing any one to any state | | | apadeśa | m. the second step in a syllogism (id est statement of the reason) | | | apadeśya | mfn. to be indicated, to be stated | | | apadhāv | to run away , to depart (from a previous statement), prevaricate | | | aparābhāva | m. the state of not succumbing or not breaking down | | | aparihāṇa | or a-parhāṇa- n. the state of not being deprived of anything, | | | apasiddhānta | m. an assertion or statement opposed to orthodox teaching or to settled dogma | | | apatha | n. not a way, absence of a road, pathless state etc., wrong way, deviation | | | apaṭīkṣepeṇa | ind. with a toss of the curtain, precipitate entrance on the stage (indicating hurry and agitation) (see paṭīkṣepa-.) | | | apatitā | f. state of being without a husband. | | | āpatti | f. entering into a state or condition, entering into relationship with, changing into etc. | | | apatyatā | f. state of childhood | | | āpekṣikatva | n. the state of being relative | | | apinī | to lead towards or to, bring to a state or condition | | | aprakḷptatā | f. the state of not being explicitly enjoined | | | apramāṇa | n. (in discussion) a statement of no importance or authority. | | | apratīghātitā | f. the state of not having (or meeting with) obstacles, of not being restrainable | | | apratipatti | f. the state of being undecided or confused | | | apratīti | f. the state of not being understood | | | apratyāmnāya | m. not a contradictory statement | | | aprāyatya | n. the state of being a-prayata- | | | āptabhāva | m. the state of being trustworthy | | | apuṃstva | n. the state of a eunuch. | | | araṇyadharma | m. forest usage, wild or savage state | | | ard | Ved. cl.6 P. (Imper. 3. plural ṛdantu-; imperfect tense 3. plural /ārdan-) to move, be moved, be scattered (as dust), cl.1 P. ardati- (/ardati-,"to go, move") to dissolve , (Aorist ārdīt- anarda- ) to torment, hurt, kill ; to ask, beg for (accusative) cl.7. ṛṇatti-, to kill : Causal ardayati- (subjunctive ardayāsi-,Imper. 2. sg. ardaya-, imperfect tense /ādayat-,2. sg. ard/ayas-; Aorist ārdidat-,or [after ma-] ardayit- ) to make agitated, stir up, shake vehemently , to do harm, torment, distress etc. (generally used in perf. Pass. p. ardita- q.v), to strike, hurt, kill, destroy Desiderative ardidiṣati- ; [ Latin ardeo.] | | | ārdraka | n. ([and f(ikā-). ]) ginger in its undried state | | | ārdravastratā | f. the state of having or standing in wet clothes | | | ārhantya | n. (gaRa brāhmaṇādi- ), the state or practice of an arhat- or jaina- saint. | | | arṇasa | mfn. (fr. /arṇas-) agitated, foaming | | | arṇava | mfn. agitated, foaming, restless | | | ārtatā | f. state of affliction, pain | | | arthāntarākṣepa | m. "throwing in another fact" id est establishing any disagreement with a statement by introducing a similar case (showing the impossibility of that statement), | | | arthaprāpti | f. "attainment of meaning" id est the state of being clear by itself. | | | arthāt | ind. ablative according to the state of the case, according to the circumstance, as a matter of fact | | | arthatattva | n. the true state of a case, fact of the matter. | | | arthopakṣepaka | mfn. "indicating or suggesting a matter (so as to facilitate the understanding of the plot)", a N. applied to the parts of a drama called viṣkambha-, cūlikā-, aṅkāsya-, aṅkāvatāra-, and praveśaka-, qq.vv. | | | arthopama | n. a simile which merely states the object of comparison (without adding the tertium comparationis or any particle of comparison exempli gratia, 'for example'"he is a lion", said in praise) | | | ārūḍha | mfn. having reached or attained, come into (a state) | | | arūḍhamūlatva | n. state of not having taken root, insufficient foundation, | | | arvākkalikatā | f. the belonging to a proximate time, the state of being more modern (than anything else) | | | asādhyatā | f. the state of one not to be mastered | | | asaṃdheyatā | f. the state of one with whom no peace is to be made, | | | asaṃjñika | n. unconsciousness, ecstatic state, | | | asaṃskāra | m. want of embellishment or care, natural state, | | | āśaṅk | A1. -śaṅkate- (seldom P. -saṅkati-) to suspect, fear, doubt, hesitate etc. ; to expect, suppose, conjecture, think, imagine etc. ; (in grammatical and philosophical discussions) to object, state a possible objection ; to mistrust | | | āsāra | m. a king whose dominions are separated by other states and who is an ally in war | | | āślath | A1. -ślathate-, to become loose | | | aśmatā | f. the state (hardness) of a stone | | | aśocyatā | f. the state of being not to be lamented | | | āspadatā | f. the state of being the place or abode of. | | | āspadatva | n. the state of being the place or abode of. | | | āspand | A1. -spandate-, to palpitate, quiver | | | āsphuṭ | Caus. -sphoṭayati-, to split open, crush, grind ; to move, agitate quickly ; to shake | | | āśrayaṇīyatva | n. the state of being a refuge | | | āśrayatva | n. the state of ā-śraya- above commentator or commentary on | | | asṛktva | n. the state of blood | | | āsthā | f. state, condition | | | asūya | Nom. P. yati-, rarely A1. yate- (pr. p. y/at- ; Aorist āsūyīt- ;3. plural asūyiṣuḥ- ) to murmur at, be displeased or discontented with (dative case [ ] or accusative [ etc.]) : Causal (ind.p. asūyayitvā-) to cause to be displeased, irritate () | | | āśva | n. the state or action of a horse commentator or commentary on | | | aśvamedhatva | n. the state of an aśva-medha- | | | aśvatva | n. the state of a horse | | | āsyā | f. state of rest | | | atideśa | mfn. overruling, previously stated. | | | atidhyai | to meditate deeply | | | atithitva | n. state of a guest, hospitality. | | | ātmādiṣṭa | m. "self-dictated", a treaty dictated by the party wishing it himself | | | aucitya | n. the state of being used to, habituation | | | audāttya | n. (fr. udātta-), the state of having the high tone or accent. | | | audumbaratva | n. the state of being made of the udumbara- tree | | | aupadeśikatva | n. the state of resulting from a special rule commentator or commentary on | | | aupadraṣṭrya | n. (fr. upadraṣṭṛ-), the state of being an eye-witness, super-intendence | | | aupagātra | n. the state of an upa-gātṛ- q.v | | | aupamya | n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) the state or condition of resemblance or equality, similitude, comparison, analogy (see anaup-, ātmaup-,etc.) | | | auparādhayya | n. (fr. uparādhaya- gaRa brāhmaṇādi- ), the state of being serviceable or officious. | | | aurdhvadeha | mfn. (fr. ūrdhva-deha-), relating or referring to the state after death, relating to future life | | | auttarādharya | n. (fr. uttarādhara-), the state of being below and above | | | auttarādharya | n. the state of one thing being over the other | | | avadhūta | mfn. shaken, agitated (especially as plants or the dust by the wind), fanned etc. | | | avaghūrṇ | (p. -ghūrṇamāna-) to move to and fro, be agitated | | | avaghūrṇa | mfn. shaking, agitated | | | avalamb | -lambate- (ind.p. -lambya-,exceptionally P. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -lambet- ) to hang down, glide or slip down, descend etc. ; (pr. p. P. -lambat-) to set (as the sun) ; to catch hold of. cling to, hang to, hold on or support one's self by, rest upon as a support, depend upon (generally accusative;but also locative case [ ] or instrumental case [ ]), to hold up anything (to prevent its falling down) ; to enter a state or condition (as māyām-, mānuṣyatvam-, dhairyam-,etc.) ; to devote one's self to (accusative) ; "to incline towards", choose as a direction : Causal (ind.p. -lambya-) to hang up ; to grasp (for support) | | | avasādana | n. the state of being disheartened | | | avasthā | P. -tiṣṭhati- (imperfect tense -atiṣṭhat-; Aorist subjunctive -sthāt-; perf. A1.3. sg. -tasthe-; perf. p. P. -tasthiv/as-) to go down into (accusative), reach down to (accusative) ; (Aorist subjunctive 2. plural -sthāta-), to go away from (ablative) ; (Aorist subjunctive 1. sg. -sthām-) to be separated from or deprived of (ablative) : A1. (;rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' etc.) to take one's stand, remain standing etc. ; to stay, abide, stop at any place (locative case) etc. ; to abide in a state or condition (instrumental case) etc. ; (with ind.p.) to remain or continue (doing anything) , etc. ; to be found, exist, be present ; (perf. 1. sg. -tasthe-) to fall to, fall into the possession of (dative case) ; to enter, be absorbed in in (locative case) ; to penetrate (as sound or as fame) : Passive voice -sthīyate-, to be settled or fixed or chosen : Causal (generally ind.p. -sthāpya-) to cause to stand or stop (as a carriage or an army etc.), let behind etc. ; to place upon (locative case), fix, set, array etc. ; to cause to enter or be absorbed in (locative case) ; to render solid or firm ; to establish (by arguments) commentator or commentary on : Passive voice Causal -sthāpyate-, to be kept firm ["to be separated" ] | | | avasthā | f. state, condition, situation (five are distinguished in dramas ), circumstance of age ([ ]) or position, stage, degree | | | avasthācatuṣṭaya | n. the four periods or states of human life (viz. childhood, youth, manhood, and old age). | | | avasthādvaya | n. the two states of life (viz. happiness and misery). | | | avasthātraya | n. the three states (viz. waking, dreaming, and sound sleep) | | | āvedyamāna | mfn. being made known, being stated or represented. | | | āvī | P. -v/eti- (but also -v/ayati- ; perfect tense -vivāya-,etc.) to undertake ; to hasten near, approach ; to grasp, seize ; to drive on or near : Intensive (Potential 3. plural /ā-vavīran- ) to tremble, be agitated ; (for the noun āvī-See āvi-,and for āvī- f.See āvya-.) | | | āvigna | mfn. agitated, confused | | | aviguṇa | mfn. not incomplete, not in a bad state, normal | | | āvikya | n. (gaRa purohitādi- ), the state of being or belonging to a sheep. | | | āviṣṭatva | n. the state of being possessed or burdened | | | avivakṣita | mfn. not intended to be stated or expressed etc. | | | āvṛt | P. (only perfect tense in , -vav/arta-) A1. -vartate- (Aorist 3. sg. /āvṛtsata- ; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ) to turn or draw round or back or near ; to turn or go towards ; to turn round or back, return, revolve etc.: Causal P. -vartayati- (Ved. subjunctive -vav/artati- Potential -vavṛtyāt-,etc.) A1. -vartayate- (Ved. Potential -vavṛtīta-,etc.) to cause to turn, roll ; to draw or turn towards ; to lead near or towards ; to bring back ; to turn round or back etc. ; to repeat, recite, say repeatedly ; to pray etc.: Intensive -varīvartti- , to move quickly or repeatedly. | | | āvṛttidīpaka | n. (in rhetoric) enforcing a statement by repeating it | | | āvyadh | P. -vidhyati-, to throw in, fling away ; to drive or scare away ; to push away or out ; to shoot at, wound etc. ; to hit, pierce, break ; to pin on etc. ; to swing etc. ; to stir up, excite, agitate | | | avyavasthā | f. unsettled state, | | | avyayatva | n. the state of an indeclinable word | | | avyayībhāva | m. "unchangeable state", an indeclinable compound | | | āyā | P. -yāti-, to come near or towards ; to arrive, approach etc. ; to reach, attain, enter etc. ; to get or fall into any state or condition ; to be reduced to, become anything (with the accusative of an abstr. noun) | | | ayājyatva | n. the state of not being fit for a sacrificial offering | | | āyatanatva | n. the state of being the site of, etc. | | | ayāthāpurya | n. (equals āyathāpurya-), the state of being a-yathāpuram- q.v | | | āyathāpurya | n. (equals a-yāthāpurya- q.v ), the state of being not as formerly. | | | ayāthātathya | n. (equals ā-yathātathya-), the state of being a-yathātatham- q.v | | | ayathoktam | ind. not in accordance with what has been stated | | | āyatimat | mfn. stately, dignified | | | ayātrā | f. the state of not being passable (as the sea) | | | ayonijatva | n. the state of not being born from a womb, | | | āyu | A1. (/ā-yuvate- ; perfect tense -yuyuv/e- ; parasmE-pada -yuv/amāna- -yuvāna- ) to draw or pull towards one's self ; to seize, take possession of ; to procure, provide, produce ; to stir up, agitate, mingle and : Intensive (parasmE-pada -y/oyuvāna- ) to meddle with. | | | āyuḥśeṣatā | f. the state of being not yet about to die | | | bādhyatva | n. the state of being set aside, suspension, annulment | | | bāhyaprakṛti | f. plural the constituents of a foreign state exclusive of the king (see prakṛti-) | | | bāhyatva | n. the state of being outside, exclusion, deviation or divergence from (ablative) | | | bakatva | n. the state or condition of a crane | | | bālabhāva | m. state of a child, childhood, minority, infancy, youth ("inattention") etc. | | | bālya | n. crescent state (of the moon) | | | bālya | n. crescent state (of the moon) | | | banditā | f. () the state or condition of a bard. | | | banditva | n. () the state or condition of a bard. | | | bhāgyabhāva | m. state of fortune | | | bhāgyavṛtti | f. course or state of fortune, destiny | | | bhairavatva | n. the state of being bhairava- or a form of śivi- | | | bhaṅgibhāva | m. (fr. gin-+ bh-?) the state of being bent or contracted | | | bhānutā | f. the state or condition of being the sun | | | bhāṣ | cl.1 A1. () bh/āṣate- (Epic also P. ti-; perfect tense babhāṣe- etc.; future bhāṣiṣyate-or bhāṣitā- grammar : Aorist abhāṣiṣi-, ṣṭhāḥ-, ṣata- ; infinitive mood bhāṣitum- ; bhāṣṭum- ; ind.p. bhāṣitvā-, -bhāṣya- ), to speak, talk, say, tell (with acc, of thing or person, sometimes also with accusative of thing and person) etc. ; to speak of or about or on (accusative) ; to announce, declare ; to call, name, describe as (with two accusative) ; to use or employ in speaking ; Passive voice bhāṣyate- (Aorist abhāṣi-), to be spoken, be addressed or spoken to etc.: Causal bhāṣayati-, te- (Aorist ababhāṣat-or abībhaṣat- ) , to cause to speak or talk ; to cause to speak id est to think, agitate, disquiet ; to say, speak : Desiderative , bibhāṣiṣate- grammar : Intensive babhāṣyate-, bābhāṣṭi- (sometimes confounded with bhaṣ-; see bhaṇ-and bhās-). | | | bhasmatā | f. the state or condition of ashes (accusative with yā-,to become ashes) | | | bhasmībhāva | m. the state or condition of becoming ashes (vaṃ gataḥ-,"reduced to ashes") | | | bhava | m. being, state of being, existence, life (equals sat-tā- ) (see bhavāntara-) | | | bhāva | m. state, condition, rank (with sthāvira-,old age; anyam bhāvam āpadyate-,euphem. = he dies;state of being anything, especially in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' bālabhāva-,the state of being a child, childhood equals bālatā-,or tva-;sometimes added pleonastically to an abstract noun exempli gratia, 'for example' tanutā-bhāva-,the state of thinness) etc. | | | bhāva | m. true condition or state, truth, reality (in the beginning of a compound and bhāvena vena- ind.really, truly) | | | bhāva | m. any state of mind or body, way of thinking or feeling, sentiment, opinion, disposition, intention (yādṛśena bhāvena-,with whatever disposition of mind; bhāvam amaṅgalaṃ-kṛ-,with locative case,to be ill disposed against; bhāvaṃ dṛḍhaṃ-kṛ-,to make a firm resolution) etc. | | | bhāva | m. (in astronomy) the state or condition of a planet | | | bhāvakarman | n. dual number the neuter and passive state (exempli gratia, 'for example' aśāyi-,it was slept, fr.2. śī-) | | | bhāvakartṛka | mfn. (a verb) having for its agent the state implied by it, an impersonal verb on | | | bhāvanāmārga | m. a spiritual state | | | bhāvāntara | n. another state or condition | | | bhāvatva | n. the state of becoming or being etc. | | | bhāvavacana | mfn. signifying a state or action, denoting the abstract notion of a verb | | | bhāvavat | mfn. being in any state or condition (see gaRa rasādi-). | | | bhavika | n. a salutary state, prosperity, happiness | | | bhāvitā | f. the state of being or becoming etc. | | | bhāvitva | n. the state of being or becoming (in anya-bh-) | | | bhāvyatva | n. the state of being about to happen, futurity | | | bhayavihvala | mfn. disturbed or agitated with fear | | | bhinnadarśin | mfn. seeing different things, state a difference, making a different (opp. to sama-d-), partial | | | bhinnatva | n. the state of being different from (compound) | | | bhiṣaktva | n. the state or condition of a physicians | | | bhogatva | n. the state of being curved or winding, curvedness | | | bhogyatā | f. ( ) () the state of being used, usefulness, profitableness, enjoyableness. | | | bhogyatva | n. () the state of being used, usefulness, profitableness, enjoyableness. | | | bhojyatā | f. () the condition of being eaten, the state of being food (tāṃyā-,to become food) . | | | bhojyatva | n. () the condition of being eaten, the state of being food (tāṃyā-,to become food) . | | | bhoktṛtva | n. the state of being an enjoyer etc., enjoyment, possession, perception | | | bhram | cl.1 P. () bhramati- (Epic also te-) and cl.4 P. (), bhrāmyati- (Potential bhramyāt- ; perfect tense babhrāma-,3. plural babhramuḥ-or bhremuḥ- etc.; future bhramitā- grammar; bhramiṣyati- ; Aorist abhramīt- ; infinitive mood bhramitum-or bhrāntum- etc.; ind.p. bhramitvā-, bhrāntvā-, -bhrāmya- ), to wander or roam about, rove, ramble (with deśam-,to wander through or over a country;with bhikṣām-,go about begging) etc. ; to fly about (as bees) ; to roll about (as the eyes) ; to wag (as the tongue) ; to quiver (as the fetus in the womb) ; to move to and fro or unsteadily, flicker, flutter, reel, totter ; to move round, circulate, revolve (as stars) ; to spread, be current (as news) ; to waver, be perplexed, doubt, err : Passive voice Aorist abhrāmi- (impersonal or used impersonally,with te-,"you have wandered or roamed about") : Causal bhrāmayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist abibhramat-: Passive voice bhrāmyate-), to cause to wander or roam, drive or move about, agitate etc. ; (with paṭaham-or ha-ghoṣaṇām-), to move a drum about, proclaim by beat of drum ; to cause to move or turn round or revolve, swing, brandish etc. ; to drive through (accusative) in a chariot ; to disarrange ; to cause to err, confuse ; to move or roam about (Aorist abibhramat-; Bombay edition ababhramat-) : Desiderative bibhramiṣati- grammar : Intensive bambhramīti-, bambhramyate- (also with pass. meaning) and bambhrānti- (only grammar), to roam about repeatedly or frequently, wander through, circumambulate [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin fremere; German bre0men,brimmen,brummen; English brim,brim-stone.] | | | bhṛtyābhāva | m. a state of servitude or dependence | | | bhūdharatā | f. the state or act of supporting the earth | | | bhūmitva | n. the state of earth, earthiness (exempli gratia, 'for example' -tvam eti-,"he becomes earth") | | | bhur | (prob. a secondary form of bhri-not in ), P. A1. bhur/ati-, te-, to move rapidly or convulsively, stir, palpitate, quiver, struggle (in swimming) : Intensive j/arbhurīti- (parasmE-pada j/arbhurat-, rāṇa-), to flicker (as fire) (confer, compare Greek , ; Latin furere.) | | | bhuraṇya | Nom. P. y/ati-, to be active or restless, stir ; to stir (trans.), agitate (a liquid) | | | bhūtārthakathana | n. () statement of facts | | | bhūtārthavarṇana | n. () statement of facts | | | bhūtārthavyāhṛti | f. () statement of facts | | | bhūtasaṃsāra | m. the course or circuit of existence (through continuous states of being) | | | bhūtatva | n. the state of being an element | | | bodhisattva | m. "one whose essence is perfect knowledge", one who is on the way to the attainment of perfect knowledge (id est a Buddhist saint when he has only one birth to undergo before obtaining the state of a supreme buddha- and then nirvāṇa-) (the early doctrine had only one bodhi-sattva-, viz. maitreya-;the later reckoned many more ) | | | bodhisattvatā | f. the state of a bodhisattva--state, bodhi-sattva--ship | | | brahmacarya | n. study of the veda-, the state of an unmarried religious student, a state of continence and chastity (alsof(ā-). ) etc. (accusative with grah-, car-, vas-, ā-gam-, upa-i-,to practise chastity; see -cārin-) | | | brahmacaryatva | n. the unmarried state, continence, chastity | | | brāhmaṇavacana | n. the statement of a brāhmaṇa- text | | | brāhmaṇītva | n. the state or condition of a brāhmaṇi- woman | | | brāhmaṇya | n. the state or rank of a Brahman, Brahmanhood, priestly rank or character etc. (see a-br-) | | | brahmarṣitā | f. the state or rank of a brahmarṣi- | | | brahmarṣitva | n. the state or rank of a brahmarṣi- | | | brahmasūtrapada | n. the word or statement of a brahma-sūtra- | | | brahmasūtrapada | mf(ā-or ī-)n. consisting of such a word or statement | | | brahmatā | f. the state or condition of a Brahman,"Brahmanhood" | | | brahmatā | f. the state or nature of brahma- divine nature | | | brahmatva | n. the state of or identification with brahma- | | | brahmavihāra | m. pious conduct, perfect state (4 with Buddhists) | | | buddhipūrva | mf(ā-)n. preceded by design, premeditated, intentional, wilful | | | ca | ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented ;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou", );the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?");in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position");elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river");in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[ ] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united");with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he");occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"); ca-ca-,though-yet ; ca-na ca-,though - yet not ; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.', ; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet ; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being") , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god", ); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare ;the verb is accented) ; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy");(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.]) | | | cakravartitā | f. the state of a universal emperor | | | cakṣuṣṭva | n. the state or condition of the eye | | | cal | (confer, compare car-and also caṭ-) cl.1. lati- (metrically also A1. te-; perf. cacāla- plural celur-; future caliṣyati-; Aorist acālīt-), to be moved, stir, tremble, shake, quiver, be agitated, palpitate etc. ; to move on or forward, proceed, go away, start off, depart (āsanebhyo 'calan-,"they rose from their seat", ) etc. ; to set (said of the day) ; to be moved from one's usual course, be disturbed, become confused or disordered, go astray etc. ; to turn away from, swerve, deviate from (ablative exempli gratia, 'for example' dharmāt-,to swerve from virtue ), fall off (with ablative) etc. ; to sport about, frolic, play () : Causal calayati- () , to cause to move, move, shake, jog, push, agitate, disturb ; to cause to deviate, turn off from (ablative) : Causal cālay- (Passive voice cālyate-) to cause to move, shake, jog, push, agitate etc. ; to drive, drive away, remove or expel from (ablative) ; to disturb, make confused or disordered ; to cause to deviate from (ablative) ; to cherish, foster (varia lectio for bal-): Intensive cañcalyate- (confer, compare cañcala-) or cāc- (confer, compare /a-vicācala-ff.) ; ([ confer, compare, ; Latin celer,pro-cello,ex-.]) | | | calormi | mfn. having agitated waves | | | cañcutā | f. the state of a beak | | | caramabhavika | mfn. being in the last earthly state | | | caramāvasthā | f. the last state | | | caturdhāśānti | f. a religious ceremony performed at the time of making the stated offerings to deceased ancestors | | | cāturmāsyatva | n. the state of a cāturmāsya- sacrifice | | | caturmukhatva | n. (śiva-'s) state of having 4 faces | | | caturmūrtitva | n. the state of being four-faced | | | cauḍikya | n. the state of being cūḍika- gaRa purohitādi-. | | | ced | ind. iti cen- (often placed at the end of an objector's statement)"if it be argued that..", na- "no, it is not so" | | | cetanatā | f. the state of a sentient or conscious being, intelligence. | | | chandastva | n. the state of a sacred hymn or of its metre , | | | chid | cl.7. chin/atti-, chintte- (imperative n/attu-;2. sg. ndh/i-[ confer, compare ];2. dual number nt/am-; subjunctive 1. sg. n/adai-; Potential ndet- ; cl.9. 1. sg. chinnāmi- ; imperfect tense 2. sg. achinad-,or nas- ; perfect tense ciccheda-, cchide-; parasmE-pada cchidvas-, ; Aorist acchidat-or acchaitsīt-[ subjunctive ch- etc.] ;2. sg. chitsi- ;1. plural chedma- ; A1. acchitta-and 2. sg. tthās-[ subjunctive ch- ], on ; future chetsyati-, ; ind.p. chittvā- infinitive mood chettum-; Passive voice chidyate-; See /a-cchidyamāna-; Aorist /acchedi-and chedi- ) to cut off, amputate, cut through, hew, chop, split, pierce etc. ; to divide, separate from (ablative;exceptionally instrumental case ) ; to destroy, annihilate, efface, blot out etc. ; (in mathematics) to divide : Passive voice to be split or cut, break : Causal chedayati- (Aorist acicchidat-) to cut off. ; to cause to cut off or through : Desiderative See cicchitsu- : Intensive cecchidīti- (), dyate- ( Va1rtt. 2 ) ; future Ist ditā-, Va1rtt. 2 ; ([ confer, compare , etc.; Latin scindo; Gothic skeida.]) | | | chinnamastakā | f. "decapitated", a headless form of durgā- | | | chinnamastakīkṛ | to decapitate | | | cintya | mfn. to be considered or reflected or meditated upon etc. | | | citra | mf(/ā-)n. agitated (as the sea, opposed to sama-) | | | cittavṛtti | f. state of mind, feeling, emotion | | | cūrṇatā | f. the state of dust or powder | | | cyu | cl.1. cy/avate- (Epic also ti-; subjunctive 1. sg. cy/avam- ;3. plural cyavanta-, future cyoṣyate- ; Aorist 2. plural acyoḍhvam-[ subjunctive cy-, ] and preceding cyoṣīḍhvam- ) to move to and fro, shake about ; to stir, move from one's place, go away, retire from (ablative), turn off; ; ; to deviate from (ablative), abandon (duty etc. ablative;exceptionally genitive case infinitive mood cyavitum-) ; to come forth from, come out of. drop from, trickle, stream forth from (ablative; see 2. cyut-), ; to fall down, fall, slide from (ablative), ; to fall from any divine existence (so as to be re-born as a man) ; to die ; "to fall from", be deprived of, lose (with ablative) (Aorist acyoṣṭa-) ; to fall away, fade away, disappear, vanish, perish ; to fail ; to sink down, sink (literally and figuratively) ; (in the series of re-births) ; to decrease (with instrumental case) ; to bring about, create, make (perfect tense 2. sg. cicyuṣ/e- see ); (perfect tense cucyuv/e-) ; to cause to go away, make forget ; Causal cyāv/ayati- (once cyav- always cyav-, parasmE-pada cyāv/ayat- ; imperfect tense acucyavur-, ; perfect tense cyāvayām āsa- ) P. to cause to move, shake, agitate ; A1. to be moved or shaken ; P. to loosen, ; to remove from a place, drive away from (ablative) ; to cause (rain, v/ṛṣṭim-) to fall ; to deprive any one (accusative) of (accusative) ; Intensive (imperfect tense 2. plural acucyavītana-) to shake : Causal Desiderative cicyāvayiṣati- or cucy- | | | dahanatā | f. the state of fire | | | dainya | n. wretchedness, affliction, depression, miserable state etc. | | | dakṣiṇābandha | m. "bondage of ritual reward", one of the 3 states of bondage (in sāṃkhya- philosophy) | | | dakṣiṇātva | n. the state of the sacrificial gift | | | dalāditva | n. the state of a leaf. etc., . | | | dāmpatya | n. (fr. dam-pati-) state of husband and wife, matrimonial relationship | | | daṇḍatva | n. the state of a stick | | | dantagrāhitā | f. the state of injuring the teeth | | | daridratā | f. indigence, penury, state of being deprived of (in compound) | | | daśā | f. state or condition of life, period of life (youth, manhood, etc.), condition, circumstances etc. | | | daśāpanna | (śap-) mfn. being in a particular state or condition. | | | daśatva | n. the state of 10 | | | daśāviśeṣa | m. any particular state , | | | daurbrāhmaṇya | n. the state of being a bad Brahman | | | dauṣpuruṣya | n. the state of a bad man gaRa yuvādi-. | | | dautya | n. (fr. dūta-) the state or function of a messenger, message, mission etc. ( dautyaka yaka- n. ) | | | dehatva | n. the state or condition of a body | | | deśya | n. the proposition or statement (equals pūrva-pakṣa-) | | | devarṣitva | n. state or rank of a divine sages | | | devatātva | n. state of divinity | | | devītva | n. the state or rank of a goddess or queen | | | dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] | | | dhāman | n. state, condition | | | dharmamegha | m. a particular samādhi- ( dharmameghadhyāna -dhyāna-; n.a particular state of mind connected with it ) | | | dharmin | mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') following the laws or duties of, having the rights or attributes or peculiarities of. having anything as a characteristic mark, subject to any state or condition etc. | | | dharmopadeśa | m. the statement of modality (see ma-mātra-) | | | dhenutva | n. the state of being a cow | | | dhū | cl.5 P. A1. dhūn/oti-, nut/e- ; dhunoti-, nute- etc. ; cl.6 P. () dhuvati- (confer, compare ni--; Potential dhūvet- ) ; cl.9 P. A1. () Potential dhunīyāt- ; parasmE-pada A1. dhunāna- ; cl.1 P. () dhavati- ; cl.2 A1., 3. plural dhuvate- (dhunv/ate-?) ; parasmE-pada dhuvān/a- (perfect tense dudhāva- , dhuve- ; dudhuvīta-and dūdhot- : Aorist adhūṣṭa-,3. plural ṣata- ; adhoṣṭa-, adhaviṣṭa-; adhauṣīt-, adhāvīt- grammar; future dhaviṣyati-, te- etc.; dhoṣyati-, te-, dhotā-& dhavitā- grammar; ind.p. dhūtvā- , -dh/ūya- etc.; infinitive mood dhavitum- grammar) to shake, agitate, cause to tremble etc. ; to shake down from (exempli gratia, 'for example' fruits [ accusative ] from a tree [ accusative ]) ; (oftener A1.) to shake off, remove, liberate one's self from (accusative) etc. ; to fan, kindle (a fire) etc. ; to treat roughly, hurt, injure, destroy ; to strive against, resist : Passive voice dhūy/ate- etc. (parasmE-pada dhūyat- ): Causal dhāvayati- () and dhūnayati- (See dhūna-): Desiderative dudhūṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dodhavīti- (parasmE-pada dodhuvat d/avidhvat- ) ; dodhūyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna-and yat- ; so shake or move violently (trans. and intr.) ; to shake off or down ; to fan or kindle. [ confer, compare dhav-and dhāv-; Greek , .] | | | dhūmatā | f. state of being smoke | | | dhūna | mfn. () shaken, agitated | | | dhūnaya | Nom. P. yati-, to shake, agitate Va1rtt. 1 | | | dhuryatā | f. the state of being a burden-bearer, the office of a minister etc. | | | dhuta | mfn. shaken, agitated | | | dhūta | mfn. shaken, stirred, agitated etc. etc. (said of the soma-="rinsed" dhauta-) | | | dhvasti | f. cessation of all the consequences of actions (one of the 4 states to which the yogin- attains) | | | dhyai | cl.1 P. dhy/āyati- (Epic also te-,or cl.2. dhyāti-; imperative dhyāhi-; Potential dhyāyāt- ; yīta- ; perf. dadhyau- etc.; Aorist /adhyāsīt- ;3. plural dhyāsur- ; future dhyāsyati- ; dhyātā- ; ind.p. dhyātvā- ; -dhyāya- ; dhyāyam- ) to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect (with or scilicet manasā-or si-, cetasā-, dhiyā-, hṛdaye-etc.) etc. ; to brood mischief against (accusative) ; (alone) to be thoughtful or meditative etc. ; to let the head hang down (said of an animal) : Passive voice dhyāyate-, to be thought of, etc. ; Causal dhyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative didhyāsate- : Intensive dādhyāyate-, dādhyāti-, dādhyeti- grammar | | | dhyānamudrā | f. a prescribed attitude in which to meditate on a deity | | | dhyāta | mfn. thought of, meditated on | | | dhyāyamāna | mfn. being reflected or meditated upon | | | dhyeya | mfn. to be meditated on, fit for meditation, to be pondered or imagined | | | dīkṣitavāda | m. the statement that a person is initiated | | | dīnāra | m. (fr.,denarius) a gold coin or a certain weight of gold (variously stated as 2 kāṣṭha-s, 1 pala- of 32 Rettis or the large pala- of 108 suvarṇa-s) | | | dīpta | mfn. excited, agitated (krodha-- ) | | | diṣṭabhāva | m. "appointed state" id est death | | | dolācalacittavṛtti | () mfn. one whose mind is agitated like a swing. | | | dolākuladhī | (lāk- ) () mfn. one whose mind is agitated like a swing. | | | dṛṣṭārthatattvajña | mfn. knowing the true, state or circumstances of the case | | | duṣprakampa | mfn. difficult to be shaken or agitated, immovable | | | duṣprakampya | mfn. difficult to be shaken or agitated, immovable | | | dūtatva | n. the office or state of a messenger | | | dūtitva | wrong reading for tī-tva- n. the office or state of a procuress | | | dūtya | n. the state or office of an ambassador | | | dvaidha | n. a twofold form or state, duality, duplicity, division, separation into two parts, contest, dispute, doubt, uncertainty etc. | | | dvairājya | n. the boundaries of 2 states, a frontier | | | dvaividhya | n. twofold state or nature or character, duplicity, variance | | | dvaṃdvībhū | to become joined in couples ; to engage in single combat ; to hesitate or be doubtful (see dva-bhūta-). | | | dvitīyatā | f. state of being second | | | dyut | cl.1 A1. dy/otate- (also ti-) etc. (perfect tense didyute-, parasmE-pada tān/a- [ see ], didy/ota- ; dyutur-. ; Aorist adyutat-and /adidyutat- ; /adyaut- , adyotiṣṭa- , parasmE-pada P. dyutat- A1. tān/a-or dy/utāna- ; future dyotiṣyati- ; ind.p. dyutitvā-or dyot- ; -dyutya- ) to shine, be bright or brilliant: Causal dyotayati-(te-, ) to make bright, illuminate, irradiate ; to cause to appear, make clear or manifest, express, mean : Desiderative dedyutiṣati- or didyot- : Intensive d/avidyot-, 3. plural dyutati- ; dedyutyate- , to shine, glitter, be bright or brilliant | | | e | ( ā-i-) P. -eti-, to come near or towards, go near, approach etc. ; (with and without punar-) to come back, come again to etc. ; to reach, attain, enter, come into (a state or position) etc. ; to submit, fall to one's share (āyayanti-?) : Intensive A1. (3. dual number -iyāte-;1. plural -īmahe-) to hasten near ; to request | | | ej | cl.1 P. /ejati-, to stir, move, tremble, shake : cl.1 A1. ejate-, ejāṃ-cakre-, ejitā-, to shine : Causal P. A1. ejayati-, -te-, to agitate, shake | | | ekacakra | m. the state of being sole master, supremacy (of a king) | | | ekacakravartitā | f. the state of revolving on one wheel (said of the sun) | | | ekacitīkatva | n. the state of having one layer commentator or commentary on | | | ekadeśatva | n. the state of being a part or portion of the whole | | | ekadeśin | m. a disputant who knows only part of the true state of a case. | | | ekaikaśya | n. single state, severalty | | | ekalakṣyatā | f. the state of being the only aim | | | ekāntatā | f. the state of being a part or portion | | | ekāntatva | n. the state of being a part or portion | | | ekapakṣībhāva | m. the state of being the one alternative commentator or commentary on | | | ekapatnitā | f. the state of having the same wife, (with bahūnām-) polyandry | | | ekārāmatā | f. the state of the above | | | ekārthatā | f. the state of having the same object or purpose | | | ekārthatva | n. the state of having the same object or purpose | | | ekaśrutimūlatva | n. the state of being based on the same Vedic passage | | | ekavastratā | f. the state of having but a single garment | | | etadavastha | mfn. of such a state or condition | | | eva | ind. (in its most frequent use of strengthening the idea expressed by any word, eva-must be variously rendered by such adverbs as) just, exactly, very, same, only, even, alone, merely, immediately on, still, already, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' tvam eva yantā nānyo 'sti pṛthivyām-,thou alone art a charioteer, no other is on earth, i.e. thou art the best charioteer ; tāvatīm eva rātrim-,just so long as a night; evam- eva-or tathaiva-,exactly so, in this manner only;in the same manner as above; tenaiva mantreṇa-,with the same mantra- as above; apaḥ spṛṣṭvaiva-,by merely touching water; tān eva-,these very persons; na cirād eva-,in no long time at all; japyenaiva-,by sole repetition; abhuktvaiva-,even without having eaten; iti vadann eva-,at the very moment of saying so; sa jīvann eva-,he while still living, etc.) etc. | | | evamabhyanūkta | mfn. so stated or spoken about | | | evaṃgata | mfn. being in such a condition or state, so circumstanced, of such kind | | | gā | cl.3 P. j/igāti- (; jagāti-, (varia lectio); subjunctive j/igāt-; imperative j/igātu-; Aorist agāt-;3. plural agan- ; subjunctive [1. sg. geṣam-See anu--and upa--],2. sg. g/ās-,3. sg. gāt-,2. plural gāt/a-,3. plural gur-;[ perf. jigāya-See ud--], perf. Potential jagāyāt-[ ] ; infinitive mood g/ātave- ;in Class. Sanskrit only the Aorist P. agāt-occurs, for A1.See adhi--; Aorist Passive voice agāyi-, agāsātām- on ; cl.2 P. g/āti- ; A1. gāte- ) to go, go towards, come, approach (with accusative or locative case) etc. ; to go after, pursue ; to fall to one's (dative case) share, be one's (accusative) due, ; to come into any state or condition (accusative), undergo, obtain etc. ; to go away (from ablative;to any place locative case) ; to come to an end ; to walk (on a path accusative or instrumental case) ; (jigāti-) to be born on : Desiderative jigīṣati-, to desire to go ; ([ confer, compare , ; Old German ga1m,ga1s,etc.; Gothic ga-tvo; English go.]) | | | gāhita | mfn. shaken, agitated | | | gajagāminī | f. a woman of a stately elephant-like walk | | | gajagati | f. a stately gait like that of an elephant | | | gajapati | m. a stately elephant | | | gajatā | f. the state of an elephant | | | gajatva | n. the state of an elephant | | | gam | Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha- ], gamāma-, gaman- ; Potential gam/ema- ; infinitive mood g/amadhyai- ) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[ ] , 1. plural /aganma-[ ; confer, compare ] , 3. plural /agman- ; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare ]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an- ; Potential 2. sg. gamyās- ; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās- ; pr. p. gm/at-, ) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (; Potential jagamyām-, yāt- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana- ) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1. etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare ; subjunctive gācchāti- ;2. sg. gacchās-[ ] or gacchāsi-[ ];2. plural gacchāta- ;3. plural g/acchān- ; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat- etc.; Aorist agamat- ;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare future gamiṣyati- etc.; 1st future g/antā-[ ] etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[ ],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur- etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[ etc.] or jagmivas- f. jagm/uṣī- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[ etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya- ) to go, move, go away, set out, come etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [ ; confer, compare ] or prati-[ ]) etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time) ; to fall to the share of (accusative) etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack ; to decease, die ; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative) etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly) etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down ; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow ; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive ; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess ; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant") and ; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative) : Causal gamayati- (; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[ ] , 3. sg. gamayatāt- ; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra- etc.) to cause to go ( ) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case ), bring to a place (accusative [ ] or locative case) etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become etc. ; to impart, grant ; to send away ; "to let go", not care about ; to excel ; to spend time etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain ; to convey an idea or meaning, denote ; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another : Desiderative j/igamiṣati- ( jigāṃsate- ; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat- ) to wish to go, be going ; to strive to obtain ; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-) : Intensive j/aṅganti- (), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- ( ), to visit (parasmE-pada g/anigmat-) (imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.]) | | | gaṇ | cl.10 P. gaṇayati- (Epic also A1. te-: Aorist ajīgaṇat-[ ] or ajag- ; ind.p. gaṇayya- [with a-- negative, ]) , to count, number, enumerate, sum up, add up, reckon, take into account etc. ; to think worth, value (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' na gaṇayāmi taṃ tṛṇena-,"I do not value him at a straw" ) ; to consider, regard as (with double accusative) ; to enumerate among (locative case) ; to ascribe, attribute to (locative case) ; to attend to, take notice of (accusative;often with na-,not to care about, leave unnoticed) etc. ; to imagine, excogitate ; to count one's number (said of a flock or troop) | | | gandharva | m. a gandharva- [though in later times the gandharva-s are regarded as a class, yet in rarely more than one is mentioned;he is designated as the heavenly gandharva-(divy/a g- ),and is also called viśvā-vasu-()and vāyu-keśa- (in plural );his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters( );his especial duty is to guard the heavenly soma-() , which the gods obtain through his intervention( ; see );it is obtained for the human race by indra-, who conquers the gandharva- and takes it by force();the heavenly gandharva- is supposed to be a good physician, because the soma- is considered as the best medicine;possibly, however, the word soma- originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly gandharva- may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon;in one passage() the heavenly gandharva- and the soma- are identified;he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (; see );he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ( );he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, yama- and yamī-() , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them();for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies();ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly gandharva-(see -gṛhīta-, -graha-);the gandharva-s as a class have the same characteristic features as the one gandharva-;they live in the sky( ) , guard the soma-( ),are governed by varuṇa- (just as the āpsarasa-s are governed by soma-) ,know the best medicines( ),regulate the course of the asterisms( ;hence twenty-seven are mentioned ),follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them( );as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to soma-, the gandharva-s, and agni-( );the wives of the gandharva-s are the āpsarasa-s(see gandharvāpsar/as-),and like them the gandharva-s are invoked in gambling with dice();they are also feared as evil beings together with the rākṣasa-s, kimīdin-s, piśāca-s, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them( );they are said to have revealed the veda-s to vāc-(; see ),and are called the preceptors of the ṛṣi-s(); purūravas- is called among them();in epic poetry the gandharva-s are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers(see )who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the āpsarasa-s to indra-'s heaven, sharing also in his battles( etc.; see );in the more systematic mythology the gandharva-s constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided(id est gods, manes, gandharva-s ;or gods, asura-s, gandharva-s, men ; see ;or gods, men, gandharva-s, āpsarasa-s, sarpa-s, and manes ;for other enumerations see [ ] etc.);divine and human gandharva-s are distinguished(;the divine or deva-gandharva-s are enumerated );another passage names 11 classes of gandharva-s();the chief or leader of the gandharva-s is named citra-ratha-();they are called the creatures of prajāpati-() or of brahmā-() or of kaśyapa- () or of the muni-s( ) or of prādhā-() or of ariṣṭā-( )or of vāc-();with jaina-s the gandharva-s constitute one of the eight classes of the vyantara-s] | | | gandharvatva | n. the state of a gandharva- | | | gaṇeśa | m. (equals ṇa-nātha-) Name of the god of wisdom and of obstacles (son of śiva- and pārvatī-, or according to one legend of pārvatī- alone;though gaṇeśa- causes obstacles he also removes them;hence he is invoked at the commencement of all undertakings and at the opening of all compositions with the words namo gaṇeśāya vighneśvarāya-;he is represented as a short fat man with a protuberant belly, frequently riding on a rat or attended by one, and to denote his sagacity has the head of an elephant, which however has only one tusk;the appellation gaṇeśa-, with other similar compounds, alludes to his office as chief of the various classes of subordinate gods, who are regarded as śiva-'s attendants; see ;he is said to have written down the as dictated by vyāsa- ;persons possessed, by gaṇeśa- are referred to ) | | | garbhatā | f. the sky's state of having offspring (See g/arbha-) | | | gārgyatva | n. the state of a descendant of garga-, Va1rtt. 1 | | | gārhasthya | n. the order or estate of a householder, of the father or mother of a family | | | gata | mfn. gone to any state or condition, fallen into (accusative or locative case or in compound exempli gratia, 'for example' kṣayaṃ-or kṣaye gata-,gone to destruction; āpad-g-,fallen into misfortune ) etc. | | | gati | f. state, condition, situation, proportion, mode of existence etc. | | | gauṇatva | n. the state of being subordinate or secondary | | | gaupālapaśupālikā | f. the state or office of gopāla-s (cowherds) and paśupāla-s (herdsmen) | | | ghaṭ | cl.1 A1. ṭate- (exceptionally P. ti- ; jaghaṭe-, ghaṭiṣyate-[ ], aghaṭiṣṭa- ), to be intently occupied about, be busy with, strive or endeavour after, exert one's self for (locative case dative case accusative [ ], prati-, -artham-and arthe-; infinitive mood ) ; to reach, come to (locative case) ; to fall to the share of (locative case) ; to take effect, answer ; to happen, take place, be possible, suit etc. ; to be in connection or united with (instrumental case) ; (for ghaṭṭ-) to hurt with words, speak of malignantly : Causal P. ghaṭayati- (;exceptionally A1. te- ), to join together, connect, bring together, unite ; to shut (varia lectio) ; to put or place or lay on (locative case) ; to bring near, procure ; to effect, accomplish, produce, make, form, fashion etc. ; to do a service (accusative) to any one (genitive case) ; to impel ; to exert one's self ; (for ghaṭṭ-, Causal) to rub, graze, touch, move, agitate : Causal ghāṭayati-, to hurt, injure ; to unite or put together ; "to speak"or"to shine" | | | ghoṣṭṛtva | n. the state of a proclaimer | | | ghṛtatva | n. the state or condition of ghee | | | ghūrṇ | cl.1 P. A1. rṇati-, te- (perf. jughūrṇe- ) , to move to and fro, shake, be agitated, roll about : Causal rṇayati-, to cause to move to and fro or shake (Passive voice parasmE-pada ghūrṇyamāna-). | | | gīstva | n. the state of speech or voice | | | gocaratā | f. the state of being liable to (in compound) | | | gotva | n. the being a cow, state of a cow | | | govrata | mfn. one who imitates a cow in frugality | | | graha | m. any state which proceeds from magical influences and takes possession of the whole man | | | grahatā | f. the state of being a planet, . | | | grahatva | n. the state of a ladleful or spoonful | | | grāmakulālikā | f. the state or business of a village potter gaRa manojñādi- (not in ) | | | grāmakumārikā | f. the state or life of a village boy | | | grāmaṣaṇḍikā | f. the state of a grāma-ṣaṇḍa- | | | granth | or grath- cl.9 P. grathn/āti- (future parasmE-pada granthiṣyat- ; perf. 3. plural jagranthur-or grethur- ; ind.p. granthitvā-or grath-, ), to fasten, tie or string together, arrange, connect in a regular series ; to string words together, compose (a literary work) : cl.1 P. A1. grathati-, te- (varia lectio) ; P. granthati-, ; A1. granthate- (Aorist agranthiṣṭa-), to be strung together or composed (a literary work), on : Causal P. A1. granthayati-, te-, to string together ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin glut-en?]) | | | granth | or grath- cl.1 A1. grathate- or granth-, to be crooked (literally and figuratively) | | | grath | or granth- cl.9 P. grathn/āti- (future parasmE-pada granthiṣyat- ; perf. 3. plural jagranthur-or grethur- ; ind.p. granthitvā-or grath-, ), to fasten, tie or string together, arrange, connect in a regular series ; to string words together, compose (a literary work) : cl.1 P. A1. grathati-, te- (varia lectio) ; P. granthati-, ; A1. granthate- (Aorist agranthiṣṭa-), to be strung together or composed (a literary work), on : Causal P. A1. granthayati-, te-, to string together ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin glut-en?]) | | | grath | or granth- cl.1 A1. grathate- or granth-, to be crooked (literally and figuratively) | | | gṛhamedhitā | f. the state of a householder | | | gṛhasthiti | f. the state of a householder | | | guṇavāda | m. a statement meant figuratively | | | guṇavāda | m. a statement contradictory to other arguments | | | guṇavattā | f. the state of possessing qualities | | | guṇavattva | n. the state of possessing qualities | | | guṇitā | f. the state of possessing good qualities, virtuousness | | | hā | (not always separable fr.3. hā-) cl.3 A1. () j/ihīte- (parasmE-pada j/ihāna-[ q.v ]; perfect tense jahir/e- ; Aorist ahāsta- etc.; future hātā- grammar; hāsyate- ; infinitive mood -hātum- ; ind.p. hātvā- grammar; -h/āya- ), to start or spring forward, bound away, give way to (dative case) ; to spring or leap upon (?) ; to go or depart or betake one's self to have recourse to (accusative) ; to fall or come into any state : Passive voice hāyate- (Aorist ahāyi-) grammar : Causal hāpayati- (Aorist ajīhapat-) : Desiderative jihāsate- : Intensive jahāyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- | | | haribhāvinī | f. a woman who meditates on viṣṇu- | | | haribhāviṇī | f. a woman who meditates on viṣṇu- | | | hariharātmaka | mfn. consisting of or comprising viṣṇu- and śiva- in their united state, relating to viṣṇu- and śiva- | | | harṣākula | mfn. agitated with joy | | | harṣavihvala | mfn. agitated with joy, overjoyed | | | hataujas | mfn. whose vigour is destroyed, weakened, debilitated | | | hatva | n. the state of the letter ha- | | | hetūpanyāsa | m. the assignment of reasons or motives, statement of an argument | | | hetutva | n. the state of being a hetu-, causation, causativeness, existence of cause or motive | | | hetuvāda | m. a statement of reasons or arguments, assigning a cause, disputation | | | hīnatva | n. defectiveness, deprivation, destitution, the state of being without, want or absence of (instrumental case or compound) | | | hīnavāda | m. defective statement, insufficient or contradictory evidence, prevarication | | | hīnavādin | mfn. making a defective statement, insufficient or inadmissible (as a witness;See hīna-above ) | | | indrakṛṣṭa | mfn. "ploughed by indra-", growing in a wild state | | | indriyatva | n. the state or condition of being an organ of sense | | | iṅg | cl.1 P., Epic A1. iṅgati-, -te- () , to go, go to or towards ; to move or agitate : Causal P. iṅgayati-, to move, agitate, shake ; (in grammar) to divide or separate the members of a compound word, use a word or bring it into such a grammatical relation that it is considered iṅgya- See below ; ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish ing,"a stir, a move."]) | | | īr | cl.2 A1. /īrte- (3. plural /īrate- ), iraṃ-cakre-, iriṣyati-, airiṣṭa-, īritum- ; Ved. infinitive mood ir/adhyai- , to go, move, rise, arise from ; to go away, retire ; to agitate, elevate, raise (one's voice) : Causal P. īr/ayati- (see īl-), to agitate, throw, cast ; to excite etc. ; to cause to rise ; to bring to life ; to raise one's voice, utter, pronounce, proclaim, cite etc. ; to elevate : A1. to raise one's self | | | iṣṭatā | f. desirableness, the state of being beloved or reverenced. | | | iṣṭatva | n. desirableness, the state of being beloved or reverenced. | | | iṣṭi | f. a desired rule, a desideratum, a N. applied to the statement of grammarians who are considered as authoritative. | | | īśvarabhāva | m. royal or imperial state. | | | īvat | mfn. (fr. pronominal base 3. i-), so large, so stately, so magnificent, so much | | | iyattā | f. the state of being, of such extent, quantity, fixed measure or quantity, so much | | | iyattva | n. the state of being, of such extent, quantity, fixed measure or quantity, so much | | | jāgara | m. a, vision in a waking state | | | jāgradavasthā | f. a state of wakefulness | | | jāgradduṣvapnya | n. a disagreeable dream in a waking state | | | jāgratsvapna | mfn. in a state of waking and sleep | | | jāgratsvapna | m. dual number a state of waking and sleep | | | jaladhitā | f. the state of the ocean | | | jalatā | f. the state of water | | | janitva | n. the state of a wife, iv | | | japatā | f. the state of one who mutters prayers (japatām- genitive case plural of japat- Scholiast or Commentator) | | | jarāvasthā | (rāv-) f. state of old age, decrepitude | | | jāspatya | n. (for jāyās-p- ; see iv, 64 and 83) the state of the father of a family, | | | jātakṣobha | mfn. agitated. | | | jātarūpatā | f. the state of gold | | | jātavedastva | n. the state of being jāta-vedas- | | | jāti | f. the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything | | | jātidīpaka | n. a kind of simile in which two statements are made with respect to a generic word | | | jayapura | n. of a town (and small state in Marwur) | | | jihmāya | Nom. yati-, to turn off from the right way ; yate-, to be oblique to be dull, hesitate (with infinitive mood) | | | jīvanāśa | m. state between life and death, | | | jīvatva | n. the state of life | | | jīvatva | n. the state of the individual soul | | | jut | (fr. dyut-) cl.1. jotate-, to shine | | | jyotiṣṭva | n. the state of light | | | jyut | (fr. dyut-) cl.1 A1. jy/otate- (;also P. varia lectio) to shine (varia lectio): Causal jyot/ayati-, to shine upon, illuminate (varia lectio) ; see ava--. | | | kābandhya | n. the state of being a trunk. | | | kāca | m. alkaline ashes, any salt of potash or soda in a crystalline state | | | kādācitkatā | f. the state of occurring occasionally | | | kādācitkatva | n. the state of occurring occasionally | | | kadannatā | f. the state of bad food | | | kadaryatā | f. the state or condition of the above | | | kadaryatva | n. the state or condition of the above | | | kākatā | f. the state of a crow | | | kākatva | n. the state of a crow | | | kakutsala | n. (perhaps) an expression of endearment applied to a child ([ ]) , (equals kakut-sthala-, jāmayo navoḍhāḥ kakut-sthalam vastreṇa yathorṇuvanti tathaiva mana ācchādaya-, ity-arthaḥ- ) | | | kalana | m. the state of being provided with or having | | | kalatratā | f. the state of being a wife or consort, | | | kalmāṣatā | f. spottedness, the state of being variegated | | | kalpadrumatā | f. state of possessing the qualities of a kalpa-druma- | | | kaluṣībhū | to become troubled or agitated | | | kālyāṇaka | n. the state of being kalyāṇa- (q.v) gaRa manojñādi-. | | | kāmacaratva | n. the state of being free to move or act as one likes | | | kāmakāma | mfn. "wishing wishes", having various desires or wishes, following the dictates of passion | | | kāmakāmin | mfn. "wishing wishes", having various desires or wishes, following the dictates of passion | | | kāmarūpadharatva | n. the state of assuming any form at will | | | kāmitā | f. the state of a lover, love, desire. | | | kāmitva | n. the state of a lover, love, desire. | | | kampānvita | mfn. affected with trembling, agitated. | | | kāmyatva | n. the state of being done from desire or from interested motives, selfishness | | | kaṇānnatā | f. the state of the above | | | kāṇḍabhagnatva | n. the state of having a fractured limb | | | kaṇḍūlabhāva | m. the itch, a state of eager desire for (locative case) | | | kaniṣṭhatva | n. the state of being younger or smaller. | | | kanīyastva | n. the state of being smaller or less | | | kāñjika | n. sour gruel, water of boiled rice in a state of spontaneous fermentation | | | kaṅkaṇavarṣitā | f. the state of being the above | | | kanna | n. fainting, falling in a fit or state of insensibility | | | kaṇṭaka | m. any troublesome seditious person (who is, as it were, a thorn to the state and an enemy of order and good government), a paltry foe, enemy in general (see kṣudra-śatru-) etc. | | | kanyāvratasthā | f. a woman in her monthly state | | | kapālapāṇitva | n. the state of bearing a skull in the hand (as śiva- does) | | | kapaṭalekhya | n. a forged document, false or fraudulent statement | | | kapitva | n. the state of an ape, apishness. | | | karaṇatā | f. instrumentality, the state of being an instrument on | | | kārikā | f. concise statement in verse of (especially philos. and gramm.) doctrines | | | karīndra | m. a large elephant a war or state elephant | | | karmakarībhāva | m. the state of being a female servant | | | karmakṛtya | n. activity, the state of active exertion | | | karmatva | n. the state or effect of action etc. etc. | | | karmatva | n. the state of being an object commentator or commentary on | | | kartavyatā | f. the state of being necessary to be done or accomplished | | | kartavyatva | n. the state of being necessary to be done or accomplished | | | kartṛsthabhāvaka | mfn. (any root etc.) whose state stands within the agent. | | | kartṛtā | f. the state of being the agent of an action | | | kartṛtva | n. the state of being the performer or author of anything | | | karuṇāvat | mfn. being in a pitiful state, pitiable | | | kāryabhāktva | n. the state of being so , | | | kāryakāraṇabhāva | m. state or relation of cause and effect. | | | kāryakāraṇatva | n. the state of both cause and effect | | | kāryākṣepa | m. (in rhetoric) a denial of the results stated to follow on a particular condition of things | | | kāryatā | f. the being an effect, the relation or state of an effect | | | kāryavat | mfn. the state of being engaged in a work | | | kaṣṭa | n. a bad state of things, evil, wrong | | | kaṣṭārthatva | n. state of having a forced meaning | | | kaṣṭatā | f. (in rhetoric) state of being forced or unnatural. | | | kaṣṭatva | n. (in rhetoric) state of being forced or unnatural. | | | kataka | m. Strychnos Potatorum or the clearing nut plant (its seeds rubbed upon the inside of water-jars precipitate the earthy particles in the water ) | | | kātara | mf(ā-)n. (etymology doubtful, perhaps from katara-,"uncertain as to which of the two") , cowardly, faint-hearted, timid, despairing, discouraged, disheartened, confused, agitated, perplexed, embarrassed, shrinking, frightened, afraid of (locative case or infinitive mood or in compound) | | | kath | cl.10 P. (Epic also A1.) kathayati- (-te-) Aorist acakathat- ( ) and acīkathat- (), to converse with any one (instrumental case,sometimes with saha-) ; to tell, relate, narrate, report, inform, speak about, declare, explain, describe (with accusative of the thing or person spoken about) etc. ; to announce, show, exhibit, bespeak, betoken etc. ; to order, command ; to suppose, state : Passive voice kathyate-, to be called, be regarded or considered as, pass for ; ([fr. katham-,"to tell the how"; confer, compare Gothic qvithan; Old High German quethanandquedan; English quothandquote.]) | | | kathaṃtā | f. "the how", the what state? | | | kathāvaśeṣa | m. (kathāva-) a narrative as the only remainder, (ṃ-gam-,to enter into a state in which nothing is left but the story of one's life id est to die ) | | | kathāvaśeṣatā | f. the state of the above, (kathāvaśeṣatāṃ gataḥ-,deceased, dead ) | | | katth | cl.1 A1. katthate-, cakatthe-, katthitā-, etc. () , to boast ; to mention with praise, praise, celebrate ; to flatter, coax ; to abuse, revile | | | kaulapatya | n. (fr. kula-pati-), the state of the head of a family | | | kaulaputra | n. (fr. kula-p-), the state of a son of a good family | | | kauśikatā | (k/a--) f. the state of being kept together by two pins (and"the state of being sūrya-"[see 3. kauśik/a-]) , | | | kauśikatva | n. the state of being a descendant of kuśika- | | | kauśikatva | n. the state of being kauśika- (id est indra-) , 12489. | | | kaustra | n. the state of being a bad wife (ku-strī-), gaRa yuvādi-. | | | kauṭasthya | n. the state of being kūṭastha- id est uniform or unchangeable on on | | | kavalatā | f. the state of being a mouthful, a morsel | | | kāvyaliṅga | n. a kind of alaṃkāra- or figure of rhetoric in which a statement is explained or made clearer by giving the reason for it | | | kavyatā | (kavy/a--) f. the state of a sage, wisdom | | | kevalatva | n. the state of standing by itself or alone | | | khacaratva | n. the state of a rakṣas- or demon | | | khaj | cl.1 P. jati-, to churn or agitate | | | khāṇḍa | n. (fr. khaṇḍa-), the state of having fractures or fissures or gaps gaRa pṛthv-ādi-. | | | khāṇḍikya | n. (fr. khaṇḍika-), the state of a pupil (?) gaRa purohitādi-. | | | kharatva | n. the state of an ass | | | khelagati | mfn. having a stately walk | | | khilīkṛta | mfn. turned into a desert, devastated, made impassable | | | khyātiviruddhatā | f. (varia lectio khyāta-v-) the state of being contradictory to general opinion (a defect of expression in rhetoric) | | | kilāsatva | n. the state of being leprous | | | kiṃtā | f. "the state of whom?"any despicable state or condition, contemptibleness | | | kolatā | f. the state of a hog, | | | kopa | m. the state of being in contradiction with, incompatibleness with | | | kopākula | mfn. agitated with anger, furious, enraged. | | | kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) | | | krakaratva | n. the state of a partridge (= ) . | | | kṛcchratā | f. painful or dangerous state (especially in disease) | | | krīḍanakatā | f. "the state of a plaything" | | | krīḍitva | n. the state of one who is sporting | | | kriyārthatva | n. the state of aiming at or leading to actions | | | kriyāvādin | m. one who states the arguments in a law-suit commentator or commentary on | | | kriyāvasanna | mfn. one who loses a lawsuit through the statements of the witnesses etc. | | | kṛkalāsatva | n. the state of a chameleon | | | kṛmitā | f. the state of a worm or insect | | | krodhitva | n. the state of being passionate | | | kṛṣṇatā | f. the state of the waning moon | | | kṛṣṇatva | n. the state of kṛṣṇa- | | | kṛtakāryatva | n. the state of having obtained one's object | | | kṛtatva | n. the state of being effected | | | kṛtisādhyatva | n. the state of being accomplished by exertion. | | | kṛtitva | n. the state of one who has attained any object | | | kruddha | mfn. irritated, provoked, angry with (dative case, genitive case locative case,or upari-or prati-) on account of (accusative with anu- ) etc. | | | krudh | cl.4 P. kr/udhyati- (Epic rarely A1. te- ;(See also krudhyamāna-); perf. cukrodha- etc.; future 2nd krotsyati- ; future 1st kroddhā- ; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. krudhas- ; infinitive mood kroddhum- ), to become angry, be wrathful or angry with (dative case [ ] or genitive case), on account of (locative case): Causal krodh/ayati- (Aorist /acukrudhat- ; subjunctive 1. sg. cukrudham-,1. plural dhāma-), to make angry, provoke, irritate (infinitive mood krodhayitum-); ([ confer, compare Lithuanian rus-tus,"angry";rus-tybe7"anger" ; Greek German groll; Hibernian or Irish corruidhe,"anger, wrath, motion";corruigh,"fury, resentment."]) | | | kṣāma | mf(ā-)n. weak, debilitated, infirm, slight (especially applied to the voice) | | | kṣāmāsya | n. any diet or any state of the body (as menstruation) incompatible with a particular medical treatment (varia lectio kṣamasya-). | | | kṣānti | f. the state of saintly abstraction | | | kṣārameha | m. a morbid state of the urine (in which its smell and taste resemble that of potash) | | | kṣema | mn. (Ved. only m.; gaRa ardharcādi-), safety, tranquillity, peace, rest, security, any secure or easy or comfortable state, weal, happiness etc. (kṣ/ema-& y/oga-[or pra-y/uj-],rest and exertion, enjoying and acquiring ; see kṣema-yoga-and yoga-kṣ-; kṣemaṃ te-,"peace or security may be to thee"[this is also the polite address to a vaiśya-, asking him whether his property is secure ], ) | | | kṣematara | n. a more comfortable state, greater happiness | | | kṣetratā | f. the state of being a seat or residence, seat, place of residence | | | kṣīṇatā | f. the state of wasting away, diminution, decay | | | kṣīṇatā | f. the state of being worn away or injured | | | kṣiti | f. estates (see uru--and su-kṣit/i-, dhāray/at--, dhruv/a--, bhava--, raṇa--, samara--.) | | | kṣitibhṛttā | f. the state of a king, reign | | | kṣitijatva | n. the state of the horizon | | | kṣobhya | mfn. to be agitated or disturbed (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') | | | kṣubdha | mfn. agitated, shaken | | | kṣubdha | mfn. agitated (mentally), excited, disturbed (in compound with citta-or manas-) | | | kṣubh | cl.1 A1. kṣobhate- (only once ) cl.4 P. A1. kṣubhyati- ([ etc.]), te- ([ etc.]), cl.5 P. (only Potential 3. plural kṣubhnuyur- ) cl.9 P. kṣubhnāti- (only according to ; perf. P. cukṣobha- ; cukṣubhe- etc.: Conditional A1. akṣobhiṣyata- ), to shake, tremble, be agitated or disturbed, be unsteady, stumble (literally and metaphorically): Causal P. kṣobhayati-, rarely A1. te-, to agitate, cause to shake, disturb, stir up, excite : Desiderative of Causal See cukṣobhayiṣu-; ([ confer, compare Cambro-Brit.hwbiau,"to make a sudden push"; Greek modern German schiebe.]) | | | kṣubhita | mfn. agitated, shaken, tossed, set in motion | | | kṣubhita | mfn. agitated (mentally), disturbed, frightened, alarmed, afraid (mostly in compound) | | | kṣud | cl.1 P. kṣ/odati-, to strike against, shake () ; A1. to move, be agitated or shaken : cl.7 P. A1. kṣuṇatti-, kṣuntte- (imperfect tense akṣuṇat-; Aorist 3. plural akṣautsur-; future kṣotsyati- ), to stamp or trample upon : Causal kṣodayati- (imperfect tense /akṣodayat-), to shake or agitate by stamping ; to crush, pound, pulverise ; (Nom. P.fr. kṣudr/a-) to reduce, diminish ; ([ confer, compare Greek , for, ; Lithuanian skausti ?]) | | | kubjatā | f. the state of being humpbacked | | | kuḍmalatā | f. the state of being shut like a bud. | | | kulatattvavid | mfn. knowing the true state of a family. | | | kuṇḍalikātva | n. the state of being circular commentator or commentary on | | | kunīti | f. a low state of morals | | | kuṇitva | n. the state of being maimed, mutilation, lameness | | | kuñjaratva | n. the state of an elephant | | | kup | cl.4 P. A1. kupyati-, te- (perf. cukopa-), to be moved or excited or agitated ; to swell, heave or boil with rage or emotion, be angry, be angry with (dative case;also genitive case,once[ ] accusative;or with upari-and genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' tasmai-or tasya-or tasyopari cukopa-,he was angry with him) etc.: Causal P. kop/ayati-, to move, shake, agitate ; P. A1. kopayati-, te-, to cause to swell with anger, provoke, make angry ; ([ confer, compare Latin cupio; English hope; German hoffe.]) | | | kuśāraṇi | m. "one who may be irritated by a kuśa- blade", Name of the sage durvāsas- (famous for his irascibility) | | | kuṣmāṇḍa | m. equals bhrūṇāntara- (a state of the womb in gestation ) | | | kusumaśaratva | n. the state of one who has flowers for arrows | | | kuṭilagāmitva | n. the state of being capricious | | | kuṭumbitva | n. the state of being a householder or a member of a family | | | kvath | cl.1 A1. kvathate-, to boil, prepare by heat ; to digest ; to be hot (as the heart) : Causal kvāthayati-, to cause to boil, decoct ; (Passive voice kvāthyate-) | | | laghubhāva | m. light state, lightness, ease, facility | | | lakṣaṇakarman | n. statement of marks or qualities accurate description, definition | | | lakṣatā | f. the state of being a mark or aim | | | lakṣitatva | n. the state of being marked or expressed indirectly | | | leśa | m. (in rhetoric) a figure of speech in which a statement is made indirectly (exempli gratia, 'for example' ) | | | liṅgatva | n. the state of being a mark | | | loḍita | mfn. (fr. Causal) agitated, troubled | | | lokahāsyatā | f. state of being so | | | lola | mf(ā-)n. moving hither and thither, shaking, rolling, tossing, dangling, swinging, agitated, unsteady, restless etc. | | | lolita | mfn. (fr. Causal) moved hither and thither, shaken, agitated, tremulous | | | luḍ | (connected with lul-and2. luṭh-) cl.1 P. loḍati-, to agitate, move, stir ; cl.6 P. luḍati-, to adhere ; to cover, ; to cover : Causal loḍayati- (ind.p. -loḍya-; Passive voice loḍyate-), to set in motion, agitate, disturb | | | lul | (connected with lud-,and 1. lu-) cl.1 P. ( varia lectio) lolati- (only proper and pr. p. P. A1. lolat-and, lolamāna-), to move to and fro, roll about, stir ; to disappear : Causal lolayati-, to set in motion, agitate, confound, disturb | | | lulita | mfn. moved or tossed about, agitated, swinging to and fro, dangling, fluttering, heaving, waving, tremulous etc. | | | luṇṭh | (see ruṇṭh-), to stir, agitate ; to go ; to be idle ; to be lame ; to resist, ; to rob, plunder, (see nir--and vi-- luṇṭh-) : Causal luṇṭhayati- (Passive voice luṇṭhyate-), to cause to rob or plunder ; to rob, steal, plunder, sack | | | luptatā | f. the state of being cut off or divided, disappearance, non-existence | | | luṭh | cl.6 P. () luṭhati- (perfect tense luloṭha- ; Aorist aloṭhīt-, ṭhiṣṭa- grammar; future luṭhitā-, loṭhiṣyati- ), to roll, move about or to and fro, wallow, welter, flutter, dangle etc. ; to roll down from (ablative) ; to touch ; to agitate, move, stir : Causal loṭhayati- (Aorist alūluṭhat-or aluloṭhat-), to set in motion, stir, agitate ; to sound, make resound ; to deal blows round about : Desiderative : luluṭhiṣate-, to wish to roll, be on the point of rolling : Intensive loluṭhīti-, to roll about (said of a drunken man) | | | madākula | mfn. agitated by passion or lust, furious with rut | | | madanabhavana | n. "abode of love or matrimony", (in astrology) a particular station or state of the heavenly bodies | | | madanāvastha | mfn. being in a state of love, enamoured | | | madāvasthā | f. a state of passions, ruttishness | | | mādhavīya | f. (with avasthā-) the state or condition of mādhava- | | | madhumehatva | n. the state of passing saccharine urine | | | madhyabhāva | m. middle state or condition, mediocrity | | | madhyamastheya | n. the state of standing in the middle or forming the centre | | | mādhyastha | mfn. (fr. madhya-stha-) being in a middle state indifferent, impartial | | | madhyatā | f. the state of being in the middle, mediocrity | | | mahābhisyanditamatva | n. state of hypertrophy | | | mahābhisyanditva | n. state of hypertrophy | | | mahādevatva | n. the state or dignity of"the great deity" | | | mahāmantrin | m. a great statesman or politician | | | mahānanda | m. (hān-or hā-n-) great bliss ( mahānandatva -tva- n.state of great bliss) | | | mahāpuruṣa | m. a great or eminent man ( mahāpuruṣatā -tā- f.the state of being one) etc. | | | mahartviktva | n. (fr. next) the state or office of the great priest | | | mahāsādhanabhāga | m. a great executive minister or officer of state | | | mahat | n. advanced state or time (mahat/i rātriyai-or rātryai-,in the middle of the night ) | | | māhātmya | n. exalted state or position, majesty, dignity | | | mahāvega | mf(ā-)n. greatly agitated (as the sea) | | | mahiṣatva | n. the state or condition of a buffalo | | | mahiṣībhāva | m. the state or condition of a buffalo-cow | | | maitra | m. "friend of all creatures", a Brahman who has arrived at the highest state of human perfection | | | maitrī | f. friendship, friendliness, benevolence, good will (one of the 4 perfect states with Buddhists ; see ) etc. | | | mamatā | f. (mam/a--) the state of"mine", sense of ownership, self-interest, egotism, interest in (locative case) | | | man | cl.8.4. A1. () manut/e-, m/anyate- (Epic also ti-;3. plural manvat/e- ; perfect tense mene- etc.; mamn/āthe-, n/āts- ; Aorist /amata-, /amanmahi- subjunctive manāmahe-, mananta-, parasmE-pada manān/a- q.v ; maṃsi-, amaṃsta- subjunctive maṃsate- preceding maṃsīṣṭa-,1. Persian mc. masīya- ; māṃsta- , stādm- ; mandhvam- ; amaniṣṭa- grammar; future maṃsyate- , ti- ; manta-, manitā- grammar; maniṣyate- ; infinitive mood mantum- etc., m/antave-, tavai- , m/antos- ; ind.p. matv/ā- etc.; manitvā- grammar; -matya- etc.; -manya- etc.) , to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecture etc. (manye-,I think, methinks, is in later language often inserted in a sentence without affecting the construction; confer, compare gaRa cādi-and ) ; to regard or consider any one or anything (accusative) as (accusative with or without iva-,or adverb,often in -vat-;in later language also dative case,to express contempt[ confer, compare ], exempli gratia, 'for example' gaRa rājyaṃ tṛṇaya- manye-,"I value empire at a straw" id est I make light of it equals laghu- man-,and opp. to bahu-,or sādhu- man-,to think much or well of, praise, approve) ; to think one's self or be thought to be, appear as, pass for (Nominal verb;also with iva-) ; to be of opinion, think fit or right etc. ; to agree or be of the same opinion with (accusative) ; to set the heart or mind on, honour, esteem (with nau-,disdain) , hope or wish for (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to think of (in prayer etc., either"to remember, meditate on", or"mention, declare", or"excogitate, invent") ; to perceive, observe, learn, know, understand, comprehend (accusative,Ved. also genitive case). etc. ; to offer, present : Causal () mānayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amīmanat-; Passive voice mānyate-), to honour, esteem, value highly (also with uru-, bahu-and sādhu-) etc. ; (A1.) stambhe- ; garvake- : Desiderative () mīmāṃsate- (rarely ti-; amīmāṃsiṣṭhās- ; mīmāṃsy/ate- ; mimaṃsate-, mimaniṣate- grammar), to reflect upon, consider, examine, investigate etc. ; to call in question, doubt ("with regard to" locative case) : Desiderative of Desiderative mimāmiṣate- grammar : Intensive manmanyate-, manmanti- [ confer, compare Zend man; Greek ,, Latin meminisse,monere; Slavonic or Slavonian and Lithuanian mine4ti; Gothic ga-munan; Germ,meinen; English mean.] | | | manaḥparyāya | m. (with jaina-s)"the state of mental perception which precedes the attainment of perfect knowledge" Name of the last stage but one in the perception of truth | | | manas | n. thought, imagination, excogitation, invention, reflection, opinion, intention, inclination, affection, desire, mood, temper, spirit (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' after a verbal noun or an infinitive mood stem in tu-= having a mind or wishing to; see draṣṭu-m-etc.; manaḥ- kṛ-,to make up one's mind;with genitive case,to feel inclination for; manaḥ- kṛ-, pra-kṛ-, dhā-,vi- dhā-, dhṛ-, bandh-and Causal of ni-viś-with locative case dative case accusative with prati-,or infinitive mood,to direct the mind or thoughts towards, think of or upon; manaḥ-with sam-ā-dhā-,to recover the senses, collect one's self;with han-See mano-hatya-; manasā m/anasā- ind.in the mind;in thought or imagination;with all the heart, willingly;with genitive case,by the leave of;with iva- equals seva-,as with a thought, in a moment;with man-,to think in one's mind, be willing or inclined;with saṃ-gam-,to become unanimous, agree; manasi-with kṛ-,to bear or ponder in the mind, meditate on, remember;with ni-dhā-,to impress on the mind, consider;with vṛt-,to be passing in one's mind) | | | mānasatva | n. the state of spirit, spirituality, fulfilment of anything in mere thought, | | | manastva | n. intellectual state, the state or condition of mind | | | maṇḍala | n. a surrounding district or neighbouring state, the circle of a king's near and distant neighbours (with whom he must maintain political and diplomatic relations; 4 or 6 or 10 or even 12 such neighbouring princes are enumerated) etc. | | | mandāritā | f. (fr. mandārin-;for 1.See under manda-, column 1) the state of abounding in mandāra- trees | | | māndya | n. weakness, feeble state (as of understanding, digestion etc.) | | | māndya | n. stateliness | | | manogupta | mfn. cherished or concealed in the mind, thought or meditated on secretly | | | mantavya | mfn. to be admitted or assumed or stated etc. | | | mānuṣatva | n. the state or condition or nature of man, manhood, manliness, humanity | | | manuṣyadharma | m. the law or duty or state or character of man | | | manuṣyatā | f. manhood, humanity, the state or condition of man (accusative with ā-i-,to become a man) | | | mārakatatva | n. state or colour of an emerald | | | martyabhāva | m. human state or nature | | | maryādāvacana | n. statement of the limit | | | mātaṃgatva | n. the state or condition of a caṇḍāla- | | | math | or manth- (q.v) cl.1.9. P. () māthati-, m/anthati-, mathn/āti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. m/athate-, m/anthate-and mathnīte-; imperative mathnadhvam- ; perfect tense mamātha- ;3. plural mamathuḥ- ; methuḥ-, methire- ; mamantha-, nthuḥ- ; Aorist mathīt- ; amanthiṣṭām- ; amathiṣata- ; future mathiṣyati-, te- manthiṣyati- etc.; mathitā- ; infinitive mood mathitum- etc.; tos- ; m/anthitav/ai- ; ind.p. mathitv/ā-, -m/athya- etc.; manthitvā-, ; -manthya-and -mātham- etc.) . to stir or whirl round etc. ; (with agnim-), to produce fire by rapidly whirling round or rotating a dry stick (araṇi-) in another dry stick prepared to receive it ; (with araṇim-), to rotate the stick for producing fire ; (with ūrum-, hastam-etc.) , to use friction upon any part of the body with the object of producing offspring from it ; to churn (milk into butter) , produce by churning etc. (also with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' sudhāṃ- kṣīra-nidhim mathnāti-,"he churns nectar out of the ocean of milk" on ) ; to mix, mingle ; to stir up, shake, agitate, trouble disturb, afflict, distress, hurt, destroy etc. etc.: Passive voice mathy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to be stirred up or churned etc. etc. etc.: Causal manthayati- (), māthayati- (), to cause to be stirred up or churned etc.: Desiderative mimathiṣati-, mimanthiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmathyate-, māmantti- etc. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin mentha,menta; Lit.mentu4re; German minza,Minze; Anglo-Saxon minte; English mint.] | | | mathita | mfn. shaken, agitated, afflicted, hurt, destroyed | | | mathra | mfn. shaken, agitated, whirling (see mathn/a-). | | | mātṛbhāva | m. the state of a mother, maternity | | | mātṛtā | f. the state of a mother | | | mayūratā | f. () the state or condition of a peacock. | | | mayūratva | n. () the state or condition of a peacock. | | | mīnatā | f. the state or condition of a fish | | | mithūkṛt | according to to others,"imitated, feigned. sham". | | | mithunatva | n. the state of forming a pair | | | mithyābhidhāna | n. a false statement | | | mithyātvin | mfn. being in a state of illusion | | | mithyāvākya | n. a false statement, lie | | | mitrabhāva | m. a state of friendship, friendly disposition | | | mṛgatva | n. the state or condition of a deserts | | | mṛgītva | n. the state or condition of a female deer or doe | | | mṛtabhāva | m. a state of death | | | mṛtyuṃjayatā | f. the state of overcoming disease or of being śiva- | | | mud | cl.1 A1. () m/odate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; perfect tense mum/oda- ; mumude- etc.; Aorist amodiṣṭa- grammar; Potential mudīmahi- ; preceding modiṣīṣṭhās- ; future moditā- grammar; modiṣyate- ; ind.p. -modam- ), to be merry or glad or happy, rejoice, delight in (instrumental case or locative case) etc. etc.: Causal , modayati-, te- (Aorist amumudat-), to gladden, give pleasure, exhilarate : Desiderative , of Causal mumodayiṣati- : Desiderative mumodiṣate- or mumudithate- : Intensive momudyate-, momudīti-, momotti- grammar | | | mūkabhāva | m. the state of being dumb, dumbness | | | muktāphalatā | f. the being a pearl state of a pearls, | | | mūlatva | n. the state of being a root or foundation or source, the having a foundation (tan-mūlatvāt- prajānāṃ rājā skandhaḥ-,"the king is the stem of his subjects through their being his root"; veda-mūlatva-,"the fact that the veda- is the original source of all knowledge"; śāstra-m-,"the being founded upon the śāstra-s") (see tan-m-). | | | munitva | n. the state or character of a muni- | | | mūrchita | mfn. agitated, excited | | | mūrdhāgata | n. a particular state of ecstasy | | | mūrdhan | m. (with Buddhists)"the summit" , Name of a state of spiritual exaltation | | | mūrtibhāva | m. the state of assuming form, materiality | | | nābhitva | n. the state or condition of being a navel | | | nabhonabhasyatva | n. the state of the rainy months nabhas- and nabhasya- | | | nākṣatrikī | f. the state or condition to which a person is subjected agreeably to the asterism presiding over his nativity | | | nakulatva | n. the state of an ichneumon | | | namratva | n. state or condition of bowing or hanging down | | | naṭ | (prākṛ-.for nṛt- q.v) cl.1. P. naṭati- () to dance ; to hurt or injure (see un-naṭ-): Causal nāṭayati- () to represent anything (accusative) dramatically, act, perform, imitate etc. ; to fall (see naḍ-) ; to shine | | | nāth | cl.1 A1. () n/āthate- etc. (ti- ; perfect tense nanātha-; Aorist anāthīt-; future nāthiṣyati-,or nāthitā- grammar; infinitive mood nāthitum- ; ind.p. -nāthya- ) to seek aid, approach with prayers or requests (locative case) ; to ask, solicit, beg for (genitive case of thing ; confer, compare ; dative case of thing ;with 2 accusative ) ; to have power, be master : Causal nāthayati-, to cause a person to ask for anything id est to grant a request (accusative) (Bombay edition) [ confer, compare nādh-; Gothic nithan,Old Saxon gina1tha,nASa; HGerm.gena1de,gnade.] | | | nayavid | m. a politician, statesman | | | netratā | f. the state of being an eye | | | neya | mfn. to be brought into any state or condition (exempli gratia, 'for example' śāntim-, kṣība-tām-) | | | nī | (for 1.See) cl.1 P. A1. () nayati- te- (perfect tense P. nināya-,2. sg. ninetha- plural nīnima- ; subjunctive ninīth/as- Potential ninīyāt- ; imperative ninetu- ; A1. ninye- etc.; -nayām āsa- ; -nayāṃ cakre- ; Aorist P.3. dual number anītām- subjunctive n/eṣi-, neth/ā- ; anaiṣīt- subjunctive neṣati-, ṣat-,3. plural A1. aneṣata- ; anayīt- ; future neṣyati- ; te- ; nayiṣyati-, te- ; n/etā-, nayitā- ; ind.p. nītvā- etc.; nayitvā- ; n/īya- etc.; infinitive mood neṣ/aṇi- ; n/etavai-, tos-and nayitum- ; n/etum- etc.), to lead, guide, conduct, direct, govern (also with agram-and genitive case; see agra-ṇī-) etc. ; to lead etc. towards or to (accusative with or without prati- dative case, locative case or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') ; to lead or keep away, exclude from (ablative) ; (A1.) to carry off for one's self (as a victor, owner etc.) ; (A1.,rarely P.) to lead home id est marry ; to bring into any state or condition (with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' with vaśam-,to bring into subjection, subdue[A1. ; P. ];with śūdra-tām-,to reduce to a śūdra- ;with sākṣyam-[A1.],to admit as a witness, ;with vyāghra-tām-,to change into a tiger ;with vikrayam-,to sell ;with paritoṣam-,to satisfy ;with duḥkham-,to pain ;rarely, with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' duhitṛ-tve-,to make a person one's daughter ;or with an adverb in -sāt- exempli gratia, 'for example' bhasmasāt-to reduce to ashes ) ; to draw (a line etc.) ; to pass or spend (time) etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to bear the rod id est inflict punishment (with vyavahāram-) to conduct a process ; (with kriyām-) to conduct a ceremony, preside over a religious act ; to trace, track, find out, ascertain, settle, decide (with anyathā-,"wrongly") etc. ; (A1.) to be foremost or chief : Causal nāyayati-, te-, to cause to lead etc. ; to cause to be led by (instrumental case) (see Va1rtt. 5 ) : Desiderative n/inīṣati-, te- ( , w. r. nineṣati-), to wish to lead or bring or carry to or into (accusative or dative case) etc. ; to wish to carry away ; to wish to spend or pass (time) ; to wish to exclude from (ablative) ; to wish to find out or ascertain, investigate : Intensive nenīy/ate- to lead as a captive, have in one's power, rule, govern | | | nidarśana | n. refutation of a stated argument | | | nidhū | P. -dhūnoti- (-dhuv/ati- ; Potential -dhūvet- ), to throw down, deliver over ; to shake to and fro, agitate | | | nidhyai | P. -dhyāyati- (perfect tense -dadhyau-, dhyur-), to observe, perceive ; to meditate, think of, remember (accusative) : Desiderative -didhyāsate-, to wish to meditate on, think of attentively | | | nidhyāta | mfn. meditated or thought on | | | nidrā | f. the budding state of a flower (hence drāṃ-tyaj-,to bloom) | | | nidrāyoga | m. a state of such deep meditation as to resemble sleep (see yoganidrā-) | | | nigṝ | P. -girati-, or -gilati- (-griṇāti- ; Aorist -gārīt- ; future -gariṣyati- ; infinitive mood -giritum- ) ; to swallow, ingurgitate, devour etc. ; to swallow id est totally appropriate : Passive voice -gīyate-, parasmE-pada yamāṇa- (with act. meaning) -gārayati- or -gālayati- '> (see ni-- gal-above) ; Passive voice -gāryate- or -gālyate- Intensive jegilyate-, | | | niketa | m. state of being | | | nimittatā | f. (in philosophy) the state of being a cause, causality, instrumentality. | | | nimittatva | n. (in philosophy) the state of being a cause, causality, instrumentality. | | | nipātatva | n. the state of being a particle | | | nipātyamāna | mfn. being thrown down, being precipitated into (locative case) | | | nirdhārita | mfn. determined, ascertained, settled, accurately stated or told | | | nirdhū | P. A1. -dhūnoti-, nirdhūnute-, to shake, agitate, shake out or off, scatter, remove, destroy, expel, reject | | | nirdhūta | mfn. shaken, agitated etc. etc. (also -dh/uta-) | | | nirdhyāta | mfn. thought of, meditated | | | nirdiś | P. -diśati- (Aorist -adikṣat- ind.p. -diśya- ; infinitive mood -deṣṭum- ), to point to (accusative), show etc. ; to assign anything to, destine for (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to indicate, state, name, define, specify etc. ; to take for, regard as (with double accusative) ; to announce, proclaim, foretell, prophesy ; to recommend, advise, suggest (with double accusative) : Desiderative -didikṣati-, to wish to point out or define more closely | | | nirgam | P. -gacchati- (subjunctive -gamāṇi- perfect tense parasmE-pada -jaganvān- ; ind.p. -gatya- etc., -gamya- ), to go out, come forth (often with bahis-), depart from (ablative), set out, start etc. ; to come out or appear (as a bud) ; to go away, disappear ; to enter into any state, undergo (accusative) ; (with nidrām-) to fall asleep : Causal -gamayati-, to cause or order to set out : Desiderative -jigamiṣate-, to wish to set out | | | nirgatanikhilakalmaṣatā | f. the state of being entirely freed from sin | | | nirloc | (only ind.p. -locya-), to meditate, ponder | | | nirmakṣika | n. the being free from flies id est from troublesome people, complete solitude, kaṃ-vartate- | | | nirmakṣikam | ind. the being free from flies id est from troublesome people, complete solitude, kaṃ-vartate- | | | nirmath | or manth- P. A1. -manthati-, te- ; -mathati-, te- ; -mathnāti- (future -mathiṣyati- ind.p. -mathya- etc.) ; to grind (fire) out of (wood), to produce (fire) by rubbing (wood together), rub or churn anything out of anything (double accusative) etc. ; to stir or churn (the sea) ; to tear or draw or shake out of, extract ; to shake, agitate (the mind) ; to grind down, crush, destroy etc.: Passive voice -mathyate- (parasmE-pada yamāna-), to be rubbed or churned etc. | | | nirmathita | mfn. stirred about, churned, agitated, crushed, destroyed etc. | | | nirṛta | mfn. (n/ir--) dissolved, decayed, debilitated | | | niruddeśam | ind. without any statement | | | niruddhaśamavṛtti | mfn. "whose state of repose is interrupted", wearied, tired | | | nirūp | P. -rūpayati-, to perform, represent on the stage, act, gesticulate, indicate or exhibit by gestures (exempli gratia, 'for example' ratha-vegam-,the swiftness of a carriage; vṛkṣa-secanam-,the watering of a tree ) ; to perceive, notice, find out, ascertain etc. ; to investigate, examine, search, try, consider, reflect upon etc. ; to state, define ; to select, choose, appoint as (double accusative), appoint to (locative case, Latin or infinitive mood) | | | nirūpita | n. the state of having been discussed or ascertained | | | nirūpiti | f. statement, definition | | | nirvṛt | A1. -vartate- (P.only in future -vartsyāmi-,to cause to roll out or cast (as dice) ; future -vartsyati-and Conditional -avartsyat-,to take place, happen ), to come forth, originate, develop, become etc. ; to be accomplished or effected or finished, come off ; take place (see above) etc. ; often wrong reading for ni-vṛt- q.v : Causal -vartayati- (ind.p. -vartya-; Passive voice -vartyate-), to cause to come forth, bring out, turn out, do away with, remove ; to bring about, complete, finish, perform, make, produce, create etc. ; to gladden, satisfy (a-nirvartya- varia lectio for a-nirvṛtya-) | | | niś | cl.1 P. neśati-, to meditate upon, be absorbed in meditation | | | niśādatva | n. the state or condition of a man of low caste | | | niṣādatva | n. state or condition of a Ni-shad | | | nisarga | m. natural state or condition or form or character, nature (nisarga- in the beginning of a compound, nisargeṇa geṇa- ind., nisargāt gāt- ind.,or nisargatas ga-tas- ind.by nature, naturally, spontaneously) | | | nisargabhāva | m. natural state or condition | | | niścut | A1. -ścotate-, to ooze, drop : Causal (ind.p. -ścotya-) to cause to ooze or drop | | | niṣkalatva | n. indivisibility, the state of the absolute brahma- | | | niṣpatti | f. a particular state of ecstasy | | | niṣṭhā | f. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) state, condition, position | | | nītijña | m. a statesman, politician | | | nivṛt | A1. -vartate- (ind.p. -vṛtya- ;infin. -vartitum- ;rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -vartet- ; imperfect tense or subj. -vartat- ; perfect tense -vāvṛtur- ; future -vartiṣyati- ; -vartsyan- ; Aorist -avṛtat- ), to turn back, stop (trans. and intrans.) etc. ; to return from (ablative) to (accusative with or without prati-,or dative case) ; to return into life, revive, be born again etc. ; to turn away, retreat, flee, escape, abstain or desist from, get rid of (ablative) ; to fall back, rebound ; to leave off (sāmi-,in the midst or when anything is half finished ), cease, end, disappear, vanish etc. ; to be withheld from, not belong to (ablative) ; to be omitted, not to occur ; to be ineffective or useless ; to be wanting, not to exist (yato vāco nivartante-,for which there are no words) ; to pass over to (locative case) ; to be turned upon (locative case or tatra-) : Causal -vartayati-, te- (A1. Potential -vartayīta- ; Passive voice -vartyate- ), to turn downwards, let sink (the head) ; to turn back id est shorten (the hair) ; to lead or bring back, reconduct, return etc. ; to turn away, avert or keep back from (ablative) etc. ; to give up, abandon, suppress, withhold, refuse, deny ; to annul, remove, destroy ; to bring to an end id est perform, accomplish (a sacrifice etc.) ; to procure, bestow ; to desist from (ablative) | | | niyamasthiti | f. state of self-restraint, ascetism | | | niyamopamā | f. a simile which expressly states that something can be compared only with something else | | | niyat | A1. -yatate-, to arrive at, come to (locative case) | | | niyuj | P. A1. -yunakti-, -yuṅkte-, to bind on, tie or fasten to (locative case) etc. ; (with dhuri-) to tie to the pole of a carriage id est yoke, harness ; (met.) to place in front id est employ in the hardest work (also guru-dhūrṣu- ) ; to join, put together (especially the hands in a certain position; see kapota-) Scholiast or Commentator on ; to attach to id est make dependent on (dative case or locative case) ; to enjoin, order, command, coerce, impel, appoint, instal (double accusative), trust or charge with, direct or commission or authorize to (locative case dative case, artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',or infin.) etc. ; to confer or intrust anything (accusative) upon or to (locative case) ; to place at, put in the way (with locative case) ; to direct towards, fix (mind or eyes upon, with locative case) ; to use, employ : Causal -yojayati-, to harness (horses etc.), put or tie to (locative case) ; to set or lay (a trap or snare etc.) ; to enjoin, urge, impel, coerce, appoint or instal as (double accusative), appoint to (locative case), direct or compel or request or command to (dative case locative case accusative with prati-,or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') ; commit or intrust anything (accusative) to (locative case) etc. ; to put in any place or state (locative case) ; to confer or bestow upon (locative case) ; to use, employ (reason etc.) ; to accomplish, perform (a rite) ; to endow or furnish with, cause to partake of (instrumental case) | | | nyūnībhāva | m. state of deficiency, incompleteness | | | padatva | n. the state of (being) a word, | | | padavī | f. accusative with gam-, yā- etc., to go the way of (see under artha-padavī-, ghana--, pavana--, mokṣa--, yauvana--, sādhu--, smaraṇa--, hāsya--; padam-dhā-or ni-dhā padavyām-[comp. or genitive case ],to tread in the footsteps of a person id est imitate or rival him) etc. | | | pādin | m. the heir to a fourth part of an estate | | | padmatā | f. the state or condition of a lotus | | | paitṛkabhūmi | f. a paternal estate | | | pakṣitva | n. the state or condition of a bird | | | paktra | n. the state of a householder who possesses a sacred fire or that fire perpetually maintained by him | | | palāśatā | f. the state of foliage, foliation | | | pānāghāta | m. "drink-stroke", morbid state after drinking | | | paṇatva | n. the state of condition of a pledge or stake | | | pañcatā | f. five foldness, fivefold state or amount | | | paralokasthāna | n. the state of (being in) the other world | | | pāramahaṃsa | n. the state or condition of a Parama-han6sa | | | paramāṇutā | f. infinite minuteness, the state of an atom | | | paramapada | n. the highest state or position, eminence, final beatitude | | | paramapadātmavat | mfn. whose essence is the highest of all states (id est brahmā-) |
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