svara (l) vowel, as contrasted with a consonant which never stands by itself independently. The word स्वर is defined generally :as स्वयं राजन्ते ते स्वराः ( Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on pan. The word स्वर is always used in the sense of a vowel in the Pratisakhya works; Panini however has got the word अच् (short term or Pratyahara formed of अ in 'अइउण्' and च् at the end of एऔच् Mahesvara sutra 4 ) always used for vowels, the term स्वर being relegated by him to denote accents which are also termed स्वर in the ancient Pratisakhyas and grammars. The number of vowels, although shown differently in diferent ancient works, is the same, viz. five simple vowels अ,इ,उ, ऋ, लृ, and four diphthongs ए, ऐ, ओ, and अौ. These nine, by the addition of the long varieties of the first four such as आ, ई, ऊ, and ऋ, are increased to thirteen and further to twentytwo by adding the pluta forms, there being no long variety for लृ and short on for the diphthongs. All these twentytwo varieties have further subdivisions, made on the criterion of each of them being further characterized by the properties उदात्त, अनुदIत्त and स्वरित and निरनुनासिक and सानुनासिक. (2) The word स्वर also means accent, a property possessed exclusively by vowels and not by consonants, as they are entirely dependent on vowels and can at the most be said to possess the same accent as the vowel with which they are uttered together. The accents are mentioned to be three; the acute ( उदात्त ), the grave अनुदात्त and the circumflex (स्वरित) defined respectively as उच्चैरुदात्तः, नीचैरनुदात्तः and समाहारः स्वरितः by Panini (P. I. 2.29, 30,3l). The point whether समाहार means a combination or coming together one after another of the two, or a commixture or blending of the two is critically discussed in the Mahabhasya. (vide Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I. 2.31). There are however two kinds of svarita mentioned by Panini and found actually in use : (a) the independent स्वरित as possessed by the word स्वर् (from which possibly the word स्वरित was formed) and a few other words as also many times by the resultant vowel out of two vowels ( उदात्त and अनुदात्त ) combined, and (b) the enclitic or secondary svarita by which name, one or more grave vowels occurring after the udatta, in a chain, are called cf P. VIII. 2.4 VIII. 2.6 and VIII 4.66 and 67. The topic of accents is fully discussed by the authors of the Pratisakhyas as also by Panini. For details, see Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) III. 1.19; T.Pr. 38-47 Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. I. 108 to 132, II. I.65 Atharvaveda Prātiśākhya. Adhyaya l padas 1, 2, 3 and Rk. Tantra 51-66; see also Kaiyata on P. I. 2.29; (3) The word स्वर is used also in the sense of a musical tone. This meaning arose out of the second meaning ' accent ' which itself arose from the first viz. 'vowel', and it is fully discussed in works explanatory of the chanting of Samas. Patanjali has given Seven subdivisions of accents which may be at the origin of the seven musical notes. See सप्तस्वर a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. . anekasvara having many vowels or syllables in it; the same as अनेकाच् of Pāṇini; confer, compare Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. III. 4.46 aprakṛtisvara tva non-retention of the original word accents; confer, compare तत्र यस्य गतेरप्रकृतिस्वरत्वं तस्मादन्तेादात्वं प्राप्नोति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VI.2.49. See the word प्रकृतिस्वरत्व. asvara ka untoned; a word without an accent, as different from a word which has an accent,but which is not uttered with that accent: cf अक्रियमाणे ह्युपदेशिवद्भावे...अान्तर्यत अांदेशा अस्वरकाणामस्वरकाः स्युः M.Bh. on VII. 1.2, VII. 1. 89. ekasvara possessed of one vowel,monosyllabic; a term used by Hemacandra in his grammar for the term एकाच् of Pāṇini: confer, compare आद्योंश एकस्वरे Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. IV.1.2, which means the same as एकाचेा द्वे प्रथमस्य P.VI.1.1. ekādeśasvara an accent prescribed for the single substitute,as, for instance, by rules like उदात्तस्वरितयोर्यणः स्वरितोनुदात्तस्य and the following rules P. VI.2.4, 5 and 6. kṛtsvara the same as कृदुत्तरपदप्रकृतिस्वर, the retention of its accent by the second member of a tatpuruṣa compound, if the first member is a word termed Gati or Kāraka, by the rule गतिकारकोपपदात् कृत् P.VI.2. 139; confer, compare अव्ययस्वरस्य कृत्स्वरः M.Bh. on VI.2.52; confer, compare विभक्तीषत्स्वरात्कृत्स्वरः M.Bh. VI.2.52 Vārt, 6. jātisvara the acute accent for the last vowel of a word ending with क्त of the past passive participle. denoting a genus; confer, compare P. VI. 2.170. titsvara the circumflex accent possessed by an affix marked with the mute letter त्. See तित्. dvisvara possessed of two vowels,dissyllabic; confer, compare न पदे द्विस्वरे नित्यम् Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. XVI. 17. द्विस्स्पृष्ट a term used for an upadhmaniya letter or a phonetic element resulting from a visarga followed by the letter प्, or फ़्. See उपध्मांनीय.The word is also used sometimes for the pronunciation ळ् of ड्, and ळ्ह् of ढ्. See दुःस्पृष्ट. nañsvara balīyastva the superiority, or strength of the accent caused by नञ्समास which sets aside the accent caused by the case affix; confer, compare विभक्तिस्वरान्नञ्स्वरो बलीयान् P. VI. 2.158 Vart. 13, napuṃsakasvara the special accent viz. the acute accent for the first vowel for nouns in the neuter gender excepting those that end in इस्, as prescribed by नबिषयस्यानिसन्तस्य Phitsutra 11; confer, compare नपुंसकस्वरो मा भूत् M.Bh. on P.VII.1.77. nipātanasvara the accent, with which the Nipatana word is expressed in the Sutra, which is said to prevail over the accent which ordinarily should be possessed by the word; confer, compare स निपातनस्वरः प्रकृतिस्वरस्य बाधको भविष्यति M.Bh. on P.I.1.56 Vart. 23; confer, compare also M.Bh. on I.3.3, VI.1.123 et cetera, and others . niyatasvara (1) an affix whose accent is definitely given by an indicatory mute letter applied to it; confer, compare M.Bh. on I.1.3; (2) the grave accent; a syllable with a grave accent; grave vowel; confer, compare नियतस्वरोदये R.Pr.XI.25; (3) name of a Samdhi when a visarga is changed into रेफ and then omitted and the preceding vowel is lengthened; cf ह्रस्वस्याकामनियता उभाविमौ R.Pr. IV.9; confer, compare also P. VIII.3.14 and VI.3.111. parādisasvara a consonant belonging to the succeeding vowel in sylllabication; confer, compare R.Pr.I.15. pūrvapadaprakṛtisvara retention of the original acute accent of the first member in a compound as is generally noticed in the bahuvrihi compound and in special cases in other compounds; cf बहुव्रीहौ प्रकृत्या पूर्वपदम् and the following rules P. WI. 2.1 to 63. pūrvāntasasvara belonging to the previous vowel in syllabication; e. g. a consonant at the end of a word or the first in a consonant group ( संयोग ). prakrutisvara the accent id est, that is the acute accent ( उदात्त ) possessed by the original word as contrasted with the accent of the afix ( प्रत्ययस्वर ) which (latter) is looked upon as more powerful; confer, compare (बहुव्रीहौ) पूर्वपदं प्रकृतिस्वरं भवति M.Bh, on II.I.24, II. 2.29 Vart. 17, See Panini Sutras VI.2.1 to 63. pratyayasvara an accent caused by virtue of the affix which is added; confer, compare यथैव हि निपातनस्वरः प्रकृतिस्वरं बाधेत एवं प्रत्ययस्वरमपि बाधेत । लतिशिष्टत्वाप्रत्ययस्वरो भविष्यति । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I.I 56 Vart. 23. prātipadikasvara the general accent of the Pratipadika viz. the acute ( उदात्त ) for the last vowel as given by the Phit sutra फिषः ( प्रातिपदिकस्य ) अन्त उदात्तः; confer, compare also प्रातिपदिकस्वरस्यावकाशः । अाम्रः । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VI. 1.91 Vart. 7. bahuvrīhiprakṛtisvara the accent peculiar to, or specifically mentioned in the case of the Bahuvrihi compound viz. the retention of its own accents by the first member, in spite of the general rule that a compound word has the last vowel accented acute id est, that is उदात्त. confer, compare बहुव्रीहौ प्रकृत्या पूर्वपदम्. P. VI. 2.1. The expression बहुव्रीहिस्वर in this very sense is used in the Mahabhasya confer, compare बहुव्रीहिस्वरं शास्ति समासान्तविधेः सुकृत् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VI. 2.1. litsvara the acute accent for the vowel immediately preceding the affix caused by that affix being marked with the mute consonant ल्. See लित् a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. ; confer, compare अनुदात्तत्वं क्रियतां लित्स्वर इति किमत्र कर्तव्यम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. II. 4.33. vibhāktisvara pratirūpaka similar in form to a word ending in a case-affix or to a vowel. Such words are looked upon, and are treated as indeclinables exempli gratia, for example शनै:, चिरेण, अस्ति, उ, ए et cetera, and others ; confer, compare the usual expressions तिडन्तप्रतिरूपकमव्ययम् et cetera, and others confer, compare विभक्तिस्वरप्रतिरूपकाश्च निपाता भवन्ति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VIII.3.1: confer, compare also उपसर्गविभक्तिस्वरप्रतिरूपकाश्च निपाताः । a gaṇasūtra inside the चादिगण mentioned in P.I.4.57. visvara characterized by a faulty or incorrect accent, which is looked upon as a fault of pronunciation. śatṛsvara the acute accent specifically stated for the vowel of the caseaffix beginning with a vowel et cetera, and others prescribed by the rule शतुरनुमे। नद्यजादी P. VI. 1.173: confer, compare शतृस्वर , तुदती नुदती ... शतुरनुमो नद्यजादिरन्तांदात्तादित्वेष स्वरो यथा स्यात् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VIII. 2.6. Vart 2. satiśiṣṭasvara balīyastva the comparatively superior strength of a subsequent accent which prevails by the removal of the accent obtaining before in the process of the formation of a word; cf VI. 1. 158 Vart. 9. See सतिशिष्ट a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. . saptasvara lit, the seven accents; the term refers to the seven accents formed of the subdivisions of the three main Vedic accents उदात्त, अनुदात्त and स्वरित viz उदात्त, उदात्ततर, अनुदात्त, अनुदात्ततर, स्वरित, स्वरितोदात्त,and एकश्रुति: cf त एते तन्त्रे तरनिर्देशे सप्त स्वरा भवन्ति ( उदात: । उदात्ततरः । अनुदात्तः ! अनुदात्ततरः । स्वरित: । स्वरिते य उदात्तः सोन्येन विशिष्टः । एकश्रुतिः सप्तम: ॥ M. Bh on P. I. 2. 33. It is possible that these seven accents which were turned into the seven notes of the chantings of the samans developed into the seven musical notes which have traditionally come down to the present day known as सा रे ग म प ध नी; confer, compare उदात्ते निषादगान्धारौ अनुदात्ते ऋषभधैवतौ । स्वरितप्रभवा ह्येते षड्जमध्यमपञ्चमाः। Pāṇini. Siksa. The Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya mentions the seven accents differently; confer, compare उदात्तादयः परे सप्त । यथा-अभिनिहितक्षैप्र-प्राशश्लिष्ट-तैरोव्यञ्जन-तैरोविराम-पादवृत्तताथाभाव्याः Uvvata on V.Pr.I.l l4. sasvara literally connected with a vowel; the term is used in connection with a consonant as connected with a vowel for purposes of syllabication, the vowel being either the previous one or the succeeding one. svara pratirūpaka a word or Pratipadika which is exactly similar to a single vowel such as उ or अा or . ए and the like; such words are to be looked upon as Avyayas and the case-affixes after them are dropped when they are usedition confer, compare स्वरप्रतिरूपकमव्ययम्. svara bhakti a vowel part; appearance of a consonant as a vowel; the character of a vowel borne by a consonant. Many times a semivowel which consists of one letter has to be divided especially for purposes of metre, as also for accentuation into two letters or rather, has to be turned into two letters by inserting a vowel before it or after it, for instance य् is to be turned into इय् e. g, in त्रियम्बकं यजामहे, while र् or रेफ is to be turned into र् ऋ as for instance in कर्हि चित् which is to be uttered as कर् ऋ हृि चित्. This prefixing or suffixing of a vowel is called स्वरभक्तिः confer, compare स्वरभक्तिः पूर्वभागक्षराङ्गं द्राघीयसी सार्धमात्रेतरे च | अधोनान्या ( Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I. 32.35; confer, compare also न संयोगं स्वरभाक्तिर्विहृान्ति Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) VI. 35; confer, compare also रेफात् खरोपहिताद् व्यञ्जनोदयाद् ऋकारवर्णा स्वरभक्तिरुत्तरा: Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) VI. 46. In Panini's grammar, however, the word अज्भाक्त, which means the same is used for स्वरभक्ति; cf ऋति ऋ वा लृति लृ वा इत्युभयत्रापि विधेयं वर्णद्वयं द्विमात्रम् | अाद्यस्य मध्ये द्वौ ; रेफौ तयोरेकां मात्रा । अभितेाज्भक्तेरपरा। S. K. on VI. 1.101. svara bhinna differing in the matter of accent; words so differing are Practically looked upon as one and the same; confer, compare स्वरभिन्नानां यस्योत्तरस्वरविधिस्तस्येंकशेषो वक्यव्य: | अक्षश्च अक्षश्च अक्षौ । M. Bh on I. 2. 64 Vart. 24, For technical purposes, they are sometimes looked upon as different; confer, compare स्वरभिन्नस्य च प्राप्नुवन् विधिरनित्यः । Par. Sek. Pari. 49. svara bhed difference in accents. See स्वराभिन्न a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. . svara vidhi a rule prescribing an accent or a modification of accent. svara virāma a pause between two vowels in one and the same word as in तितउ or पउग or in two different words coming close by the visarga or य् between the two being elided, as for instance in देवा इह. svara vivṛtti( 1 ) the same as स्वरविराम which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. ; ( 2 ) a short treatise on Vedic accents written by a modern Vedic scholar and grammrian named Indradattopadhyaya. svara saṃdhi euphonic combination of two vowels, a detailed description of which . forms a small topic in the Prtisakhya and grammar works; wide Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) chapters II. 1-26; T Pr. chapters 9 and 10 Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. III and अच्सन्धिप्रकणम् in the Siddhantakaumudi. svara sarvanāma a common accent; the accent which is supposed to be . present in a word when none of the three accents are definite. confer, compare एकश्रुतिः स्वरसर्वनाम यथा नपुंसकं लिङ्गसर्वनाम Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VI. 4.174. svara sahitoccāraṇa recital of the veda Samhita text with intonation or accents, as contrasted with एकश्रुत्युच्चारण which is specially prescribed in a few cases; tonal system showing distinction between words of different senses although pronounced alike, in the Samhita text. exempli gratia, for example नतेन and न तेन. halsvara prāpti a possibility of the application of an accent to the consonant by the literal interpretation of rules prescribing an accent for the first or the last letter of a word, to prevent which a ruling is laid down that a consonant is not to be accented; confer, compare हल्स्वरप्राप्तौ व्यञ्जनमविद्यमानवत् Par. Sek. Pari. 80. akṣarasamāmnāya alphabet: traditional enumeration of phonetically independent letters generally beginning with the vowel a (अ). Although the number of letters and the order in which they are stated differ in different treatises, still, qualitatively they are much the same. The Śivasūtras, on which Pāṇini's grammar is based, enumerate 9 vowels, 4 semi-vowels, twenty five class-consonants and 4 | sibilants. The nine vowels are five simple vowels or monothongs (समानाक्षर) as they are called in ancient treatises, and the four diphthongs, (सन्ध्यक्षर ). The four semi-vowels y, v, r, l, ( य् व् र् ल् ) or antasthāvarṇa, the twenty five class-consonants or mutes called sparśa, and the four ūṣman letters ś, ṣ, s and h ( श् ष् स् ह् ) are the same in all the Prātiśākhya and grammar works although in the Prātiśākhya works the semi-vowels are mentioned after the class consonants.The difference in numbers, as noticed, for example in the maximum number which reaches 65 in the VājasaneyiPrātiśākhya, is due to the separate mention of the long and protracted vowels as also to the inclusion of the Ayogavāha letters, and their number. The Ayogavāha letters are anusvāra, visarjanīya,jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya, nāsikya, four yamas and svarabhaktī. The Ṛk Prātiśākhya does not mention l (लृ), but adding long ā (अा) i (ई) ,ū (ऊ) and ṛ (ऋ) to the short vowels, mentions 12 vowels, and mentioning 3 Ayogavāhas (< क्, = प् and अं) lays down 48 letters. The Ṛk Tantra Prātiśākhya adds the vowel l (लृ) (short as also long) and mentions 14 vowels, 4 semivowels, 25 mutes, 4 sibilants and by adding 10 ayogavāhas viz. 4 yamas, nāsikya, visarjanīya, jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya and two kinds of anusvāra, and thus brings the total number to 57. The Ṛk Tantra makes a separate enumeration by putting diphthongs first, long vowles afterwards and short vowels still afterwards, and puts semi-vowels first before mutes, for purposes of framing brief terms or pratyāhāras. This enumeration is called varṇopadeśa in contrast with the other one which is called varṇoddeśa. The Taittirīya prātiśākhya adds protracted vowels and lays down 60 letters : The Ṣikṣā of Pāṇini lays down 63 or 64 letters, while the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya gives 65 letters. confer, compare Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. VIII. 1-25. The alphabet of the modern Indian Languages is based on the Varṇasamāmnāya given in the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya. The Prātiśākhyas call this enumeration by the name Varṇa-samāmnāya. The Ṛk tantra uses the terms Akṣara samāmnāya and Brahmarāśi which are picked up later on by Patañjali.confer, compare सोयमक्षरसमाम्नायो वाक्समाम्नायः पुष्पितः फलितश्चन्द्रतारकवत् प्रतिमण्डितो वेदितव्यो ब्रह्मराशिः । सर्ववेदपुण्यफलावाप्तिश्चास्य ज्ञाने भवति । मातापितरौ चास्य स्वर्गे लोके महीयेते । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Ahnika.2-end. akṣarāṅga forming a part of a syllable just as the anusvāra ( nasal utterance ) or svarabhakti (vowelpart) which forms a part of the preceding syllable. confer, compare अनुस्वारो व्यञ्जनं चाक्षराङ्गम् Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I.22, also स्वरभक्तिः पूर्वभागक्षराङ्गम् Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I.32. karaviṇī or कर्विणी name of a svarabhakti i. e. behaviour like the vowel लृ, noticed in the case of the consonant ल् when followed by the sibilant ह्; confer, compare करेणू रहयोर्योगे कर्विणी लहकारयोः । हरिणी रशसानां च हारिता लशकारयोः ॥ करेणुः बर् हिः । कर्विणी भलहाः Com. on Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. XXI. 15. See स्वरभक्ति. kariṇī name of a svarabhakti i. e. behaviour like the vowel ऋ noticed in the case of the consonant र्. when it is followed by ह् e. g. बर् हिः करिणी is named करेणु also. karviṇī A kind of svarabhakti. See करविणी. kurviṇī a kind of svarabhakti; see कर्विणी. gopīcandra known also by the name गेयींचन्द्र who .has written several commentary works on the grammatical treatises of the Samksipatasara or Jaumāra school of Vyakarana founded by Kramdisvara and Jumaranandin in the 12th century, the well-known among them being the संक्षिप्तसाटीका, संक्षितसारपरिभात्रासूत्रटीका and तद्धितपरिशिष्टटीका. He is believed to have lived in the thirteenth century A. D. ṅañ a short term or Pratyahara standing for the letters ङ्, ण्, न् , झ् , and भू , casually mentioned in the Mahabhasya; confer, compare एतदप्यस्तु ञकारेण ङञो ह्र्स्वादचि ङञुण्नित्यमिति । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Mahesvara Sutras 8, 9. carcā (1) splitting up of a word into its component parts, which is generalty shown in the Padaptha by अवग्रहं (S). The word, hence means पदपाठ or recital by showing separately the constitutent words of the Samhita or the running text of the Veda. The word is used almost in the same sense in the Mahabhasya in respect of showing the words of a sutra separately; confer, compare न केवलानि चर्चापदानि व्याख्यानं वृद्धिः आत् ऐजिति । किं तर्हि । उदाहरणं प्रत्युदाहरणं वाक्याध्याहारः इत्येतत्समुदितं व्याख्यानं भवति M.Bh. on Mahesvara Sutra 1 Wart. 6l ; (2) a repeated word; confer, compare इतिकरणात् पुरतो यत् पुनः पदवचनं तत् चर्चाशब्देनोच्यते. Uvvata on Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. III.20; (3) a discussion or a debate where consideration is given to each single word; confer, compare प्रर्यायशब्दानां लाघवगौरवचर्चा नाद्रियते Par. Sek. Pari. 115. tīvratara extreme sharpness of the nasalization at the time of pronouncing the anusvara and the fifth letters recommended by Saityayana.e. g. अग्नीररप्सुषदः, वञ्चते परिवञ्चते. confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. XVII. 1. dīpti explained as स्फूर्ति or throbbing in utterance. Out of the seven svaras or yamas क्रुष्ट, प्रथम, द्वितीय, तृतीय, चतुर्थ, मन्द्र and अतिस्वार्य, the throbbing ( दीप्ति ) of the latter and latter tone leads to the perception of the former and former one: confer, compare तेषां दीप्तिजोपलब्धि: Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. XXIII. 15. dhātupārāyaṇa a grammatical treatise dealing with roots written as a supplementary work by Jumaranandin to his grammar work called Rasavati,which itself was a thoroughly revised and enlarged edition of the रसवती a commentary written by Kramadisvara on his own grammar named संक्षिप्तसार.Jumaranandin is believed to have been a Jain writer who lived in the fifteenth century A.D. dhātumālā a work on roots in verseform attributed to a grammarian named Isvarakanta. dhve Personal-ending of the second. person. Pl. Atmanepada in the present and perfect tenses. न् fifth consonant of the dental class of consonants which is possessed of the properties घोष, नादानुप्रदान, अल्पप्राणत्व, संवृतकण्ठत्व and अानुनासिक्य. In Panini's grammar the nasal consonant न् (a)is added as an augment prescribed\ \नुट् or नुम् which originally is seen as न्, but afterwards changed into अनुस्वार or परसवर्ण as required, as for example in पयांसि, यशांसि, निन्दति, वन्दति et cetera, and others ; confer, compare P. VII. 1.58-73, VII. 1.7983; VIII. 3.24; (b) is changed into ण् when it directly follows upon ऋ, ॠ, र् or ष् or even intervened by a vowel, a semivowel except ल् , a guttural consonant, a labial consonant or an anusvara; confer, compare P. VIII. 4.1.1-31. (c) is substituted for the final म् of a root, e. g. प्रशान्, प्रतान् confer, compare P. VIII. 2.64, 65. nāsikāsthāna a place in the nose where a nasal letter such as ङ्, ञ्, ण्, न् or म् and anusvara get a tinge of nasalization while passing through it. The yama letters e.g the nasal क्, ख् ,ग् , घ् get nasalization in the utterance of the words पलिक्किनः, चख्ख्नतुः, अग्ग्निः, घ्घ्नन्ति; confer, compare यमो नाम वर्णः प्रातिशाख्ये प्रसिद्धः S.K. on P. VIII. 2. 1. confer, compare also यमानुस्वारनासिक्यानां नासिके Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. I. 74, Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. 12. paripanna a kind of Samdhi or coalescence characterized by the change of the consonant म् into an anusvara, as by मोनुस्वारः P. VIII. 3.23, before a sibilant or before रेफ; confer, compare रेफोष्मणोरुदययोर्मकारः अनुस्वारं तत् परिपन्नमाहुः R.Pr.IV.5; confer, compare also सम्राट्शब्द: परिसंपन्नापवाद: R.Pr.IV.7. baś short term or pratyahara for the consonants from ब to mute श् in the Mahesvara sutra id est, that is the consonants ब्, ग्, ड् and द्. bindu anusvara, letter pronounced only through the nose; a dot to indicate the nasal phonetic element shown in writing a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. or sometimes after that letter or vowel, after which it is uttered; confer, compare अं इत्यनुस्वारः । अकार इह उच्चारणार्थः इति बिन्दुमात्रो वर्णोनुस्वारसंज्ञो भवति ।। Kat. I.1.19. brahmarāśi the sacred Sanskrit alphabet given in the fourteen sutras of Mahesvara, named Aksarasamamnaya which is called ब्रह्मराशि as it contains the basic letters of शब्द which is Brahma according to Grammarians; confer, compare सोयमक्षरसमाम्नायो वाक्यसमाम्नायः पुष्पितः फलितश्चन्द्रतारकवत् प्रतिमण्डितो वेदितव्यो ब्रह्मराशिः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Ahnika 2 end; confer, compare also एते पञ्चषष्टिवर्णा ब्रह्मराशिरात्मवाचः V. Pr.VIII. 25. bha (1) the letter or sound भ् with the vowel अ added for facility of utterance; (2) a technical term in the Grammar of Panini given to a noun base before such case and taddhita affixes as begin with any vowel or with the consonant य्. The utility of this designation of भ to the base is (l) to prevent the substitutes which are enjoined for the final vowel or consonant of a pada (a word ending with a case-affix or a base before case and taddhita affix. affixes beginning with any consonant excepting य् ) just as the substitution of Visarga, anusvara, the first or third consonant, and others given in P. VIII. 4.37 and the following. For the various changes and operations for a base termed भ see P. VI. 4.129 to 175. yay short term (प्रत्याहार) for sonants beginning with य् ( in हयवरट्) and ending before the ; mute letter य् ( in कपय् ) id est, that is all consonants except! श्, ष्, स्, and ह्; confer, compare अनुस्वारस्य ययि परसवर्णः P.VIII 4. 58 by which an anusvara is changed into a cognate letter of the following which is a letter included in यय्. yas taddhita affix. affix य with mute स् to indicate the application of the term पद् to the preceding base as a consequence of which the final म् of the words कम् and शम्, after which यस् is prescribed, gets changed into anusvara e. g. कंयु:, दंयु:: cf P.W.2.138. yogavāha a technical term used for phonetic elements or letters which are mentioned in the alphabet of Panini, viz., the Mahesvara sutras in contrast with the term अयोगवाह which is used by grammarians for the phonetic elements अनुस्वार, विसर्ग and others which are not mentionedition ,See अयोगवाह; confer, compare also M. Bh on Siva sutra 5. ṛ word-form of the ajbhakti or svarabhakti ( a term used in the ancient Prātiśākhya works), where ऋ is looked upon as the consonant र् surrounded by, or followed by the nature of a vowel. ऋ as a vowel is possessed of one mātrā of which in svarabhakti, the consonant र् possesses half and the svarabhakti possesses half: cf रेफात् स्वरोपहिताह्यञ्जनोदयाद् ऋकारवर्णा स्वरभाक्तिरूत्तरा Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) VI.13. varṇasamāmnāya a collection of letters or alphabet given traditionally. Although the Sanskrit alphabet has got everywhere the same cardinal letters id est, that is vowels अ, इ et cetera, and others , consonants क्, ख् etc : semivowels य्, र्, ल्, व, sibilants श् ष् स् ह् and a few additional phonetic units such as अनुस्वार, विसर्ग and others, still their number and order differ in the different traditional enumerations. Panini has not mentioned them actually but the fourteen Siva Sutras, on which he has based his work, mention only 9 vowels and 34 consonants, the long vowels being looked upon as varieties of the short ones. The Siksa of Panini mentions 63 or 64 letters, adding the letter ळ ( दुःस्पृष्ट ); confer, compare त्रिषष्टि: चतुःषष्टिर्वा वर्णाः शम्भुमते मताः Panini Siksa. St.3. The Rk Pratisakhya adds four (Visarga, Jihvamuliya, Upadhmaniya and Anusvara ) to the forty three given in the Siva Sutras and mentions 47. The Taittiriya Pratisakhya mentions 52 letters viz. 16 vowels, 25class consonants, 4 semivowels,six sibilants (श्, ष् , स्, ह् , क्, प् , ) and anusvara. The Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya mentions 65 letters 3 varieties of अ, इ, उ, ऋ and लृ, two varieties of ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, 25 class-consonants, four semivowels, four sibilants, and जिह्वामूलीय, उपध्मानीय, अनुस्वार, विसर्जनीय, नासिक्य and four यम letters; confer, compare एते पञ्चषष्टिवर्णा ब्रह्मराशिरात्मवाचः Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya. VIII. 25. The Rk Tantra gives 57 letters viz. 14 vowels, 25 class consonants, 4 semivowels, 4 sibilants, Visarga,.Jihvamuliya, Upadhmaniya, Anunasika, 4_yamas and two Anusvaras. The Rk Tantra gives two different serial orders, the Uddesa (common) and the Upadesa (traditional). The common order or Uddesa gives the 14 vowels beginning with अ, then the 25 class consonants, then the four semivowels, the four sibilants and lastly the eight ayogavahas, viz. the visarjanya and others. The traditional order gives the diphthongs first, then long vowels ( अा, ऋ, लॄ, ई and ऊ ) then short vowels (ऋ, लृ, इ, उ, and lastly अ ), then semivowels, then the five fifth consonants, the five fourths, the five thirds, the five seconds, the five firsts, then the four sibilants and then the eight ayogavaha letters and two Ausvaras instead of one anuswara. Panini appears to have followed the traditional order with a few changes that are necessary for the technigue of his work. vṛttisamavāya serial arrangement of letters in a specific way ( as for instance in the Mahesvara Sutras) for the sake of grammatical functions; confer, compare वृत्तिसमवायार्थं उपदेशः | वृत्तिः शास्त्रप्रवृत्तिः। समवायॊ वर्णानामानुपूर्व्येण सांनवेशः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Ahnika I. veda language of the Vedic Literature as contrasted with the term लॊकः; confer, compare नैव लोके न च वेदे अकारो विवृतोस्ति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Mahesvara Sutra; confer, compare also रक्षार्थं वेदानामध्येयं व्याकरणम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Ahnika 1. The term वैदिक referring to words found in Vedic language is also frequently used in the Mahabhasya. Panini, however, has used the term छन्दस्, मन्त्र and निगम, and not वेद, out of which the first term छन्दस् is often used; confer, compare बहुलं छन्दसि P. II. 4.39, 76: III, 2.88; V. 2.122; or छन्दसि च P. V. 1.67, V. 4.142, VI. 3.126. VI. l.34, VII. 1.8, et cetera, and others vyākaraṇasudhānighi a gloss on the Sutras of Panini written by Visvesvara. śuddhāśubodhasūtrārthavyākaraṇa a gloss on the Asubodha-grammar, written by a grammarian named Ramesvara. śaityāyana an ancient Grammarian and Vedic scholar who is quoted in the Taittiriya Pratisakhya for recommending a sharp and distinct nasalisation of the anusvara and the fifth class-consonants; confer, compare तत्रितरमानुनासिक्यमनुस्वारोत्तमेषु इति शैत्यायन: Taittirīya Prātiśākhya. XVII. 1. hū the last of the spirant consonants, | which is a glottal, voiced letter called also ऊष्म or spirant of a partial contact, i. e. possessed of the properties कण्ठय, नादानुप्रदान, ऊष्म and ईषत्स्पृष्टत्व. This letter has been given twice in the Paninian alphabet, viz. the Mahesvara Sutras, and the Bhasyakara has given the purpose of it, viz. the technical utility of being included among soft consonants along with semi-vowels, nasals and the fifth, the fourth, and the third class-consonants (हश् अश् et cetera, and others ),as also among the hard consonants along with the fourth and the third class-letters and spirants ( झ्लू, ). The second letter हू in हल् appears, however, to have only a technical utility,as the purpose of its place there among spirants is served by the jihvamuliya and the Upadhmaniya letters which are,in fact, the velar and the labial spirants respectively, besides the other three शू, षू and सू .The Rk Pratisakhya calls ह as a chest sound. For details, see Mahabhasya on the Siva Sutra हयवरट् Varttikas 1, 2 and 3. haṃstapadā name given to a kind of svarabhakti,when the consonant. र, followed by ष्, is read as र + ष्+ ह् इकार See ह् as also ह. hariṇi name of a kind of svarabhakti when r ( र् ) followed by s ( श् ) and s ( स् ) is read as र + इ +श् and र + इ +स् respectively.
svara
īśvaraḥ, parameśvaraḥ, pareśvaraḥ, paramātmā, devaḥ, amaraḥ, vibudhaḥ, animiṣaḥ, ajaraḥ, cirāyuḥ, sucirāyuḥ, bhagavān, sarvasraṣṭā, dhātā, vidhātā, jagatkartā, viśvasṛk, bhūtādiḥ, parabrahma, brahma, jagadātmā, ham, skambhaḥ, sūkṣmaḥ, sarveśaḥ, sarvasākṣī, sarvavid, śvaḥśreyasam, śabdātītaḥ
dharmagranthaiḥ akhilasṛṣṭeḥ nirmātṛrūpeṇa svāmirūpeṇa vā svīkṛtā mahāsattā।
īśvaraḥ sarvavyāpī asti।
svara
svara ḥ, acvarṇaḥ, ajakṣaram
saḥ varṇaḥ yasya uccāraṇārthe anyavarṇasya āvaśyakatā nāsti।
hindībhāṣāyāṃ trayodaśāḥ svarāḥ santi।
svara
īśvaraprītiḥ, īśvaraprema
sā prītiḥ yā īśvaraṃ prati asti।
ānandasya anubhūti īśvaraprītyā eva prāpyate।
svara
hrasvasvara ḥ, hrasvaḥ
alpakālamātraḥ svaraḥ।
a iti hrasvasvaraḥ।
svara
dīrghasvara ḥ, dīrghaḥ
drāghimavān svaraḥ।
om ityasmin dīrghasvaraḥ asti।
svara
mandiram, devālayaḥ, īśvarasadma, devakulam, devagṛham, devabhavanam, devaveśman, devāgāram, devāyatanam, devāvasathaḥ, devatāgāram, pariṣkandaḥ, puṇyagṛham, pūjāgṛham, maṅgalagṛham, mahālayaḥ, vayunam, kīrtanam
yatra bhavane devatā pratiṣṭhāpanāṃ kṛtvā pūjyate।
saḥ snātvā mandiraṃ gacchati।
svara
īśvarīya, divya, devakīya, daiva, devaka, daivika, aiśvara, aiśa, aiśvarīya
īśvarasambandhī।
bhaktiyugīnaiḥ satkavibhiḥ īśvarīyasya jñānasya pracāraḥ prabhutatayā kṛtaḥ।
svara
martya, naśvara, aśāśvata, nāśavat, vināśin, anitya, maraṇādhīna, martavya, nāśādhīna, kālādhīna, mṛtyadhīna
yad naśyati।
etad śarīraṃ martyam।
svara
dhanikaḥ, dhanāḍhyaḥ, dhanī, dhanavān, sadhanaḥ, lakṣmīvān, śrīmān, dhaneśvaraḥ, lakṣmīśaḥ, ibhyaḥ, saśrīkaḥ, koṣavān, sampattimān, samṛddhaḥ, mahādhanaḥ, bahudhanaḥ, vittavān, vasumān, arthavān, arthānvitaḥ, sārthaḥ, dhanasampannaḥ, dhanasamṛddhaḥ, dhanavipulaḥ, khadiraḥ
yaḥ dhanena sampannaḥ।
dhanāḍhyena paropakārāya phaladāyinaḥ vṛkṣasya iva bhāvyam।
svara
aśvarathaḥ, vāhanam, yānam, gantrī, vāhaḥ, śatāṅgaḥ, syandanaḥ
prācīnakālīyaṃ tad vāhanaṃ yad aśvena aśvaiḥ vā uhyate।
mahābhārate bhagavān śrīkṛṣṇaḥ arjunasya rathasya sārathiḥ āsīt।
svara
śabdaḥ, dhvaniḥ, svanaḥ, nisvanaḥ, svānaḥ, nisvānaḥ, nādaḥ, ninādaḥ, ninadaḥ, nāditaḥ, anunādaḥ, nirhrādaḥ, saṃhrādaḥ, nirghoṣaḥ, ghoṣaḥ, nighuṣṭam, ravaḥ, rāvaḥ, ārāvaḥ, virāvaḥ, saṃrāvaḥ, āravaḥ, svara ḥ, dhvānaḥ, dhvanaḥ, nidhvānaḥ, svaniḥ, svanitam, kvaṇaḥ, raṇaḥ, kuṇindaḥ, ghuḥ, pratyayaḥ, tumulaḥ
yaḥ śrutimpannaḥ।
tīvreṇa śabdena tasya ekāgratā bhagnā।
svara
nāstikatāvādaḥ, anīśvaravādaḥ, nirīśvaravādaḥ
tat siddhāntaṃ yasmin manuṣyaḥ īśvare tathā ca lokaparalokādiṣu na viśvasati।
nāstikatāvāde īśvarādinām kṛte sthānaṃ nāsti।
svara
īśvaravādaḥ, āstikyavādaḥ, āstikyamatam, āstikyam
vedeśvarādīnāṃ prāmāṇyam aṅgīkurvat matam।
vayam īśvaravādasya samarthakāḥ।
svara
śivaḥ, śambhuḥ, īśaḥ, paśupatiḥ, pinākapāṇiḥ, śūlī, maheśvaraḥ, īśvaraḥ, sarvaḥ, īśānaḥ, śaṅkaraḥ, candraśekharaḥ, phaṇadharadharaḥ, kailāsaniketanaḥ, himādritanayāpatiḥ, bhūteśaḥ, khaṇḍaparaśuḥ, girīśaḥ, giriśaḥ, mṛḍaḥ, mṛtyañjayaḥ, kṛttivāsāḥ, pinākī, prathamādhipaḥ, ugraḥ, kapardī, śrīkaṇṭhaḥ, śitikaṇṭhaḥ, kapālabhṛt, vāmadevaḥ, mahādevaḥ, virūpākṣaḥ, trilocanaḥ, kṛśānuretāḥ, sarvajñaḥ, dhūrjaṭiḥ, nīlalohitaḥ, haraḥ, smaraharaḥ, bhargaḥ, tryambakaḥ, tripurāntakaḥ, gaṅgādharaḥ, andhakaripuḥ, kratudhvaṃsī, vṛṣadhvajaḥ, vyomakeśaḥ, bhavaḥ, bhaumaḥ, sthāṇuḥ, rudraḥ, umāpatiḥ, vṛṣaparvā, rerihāṇaḥ, bhagālī, pāśucandanaḥ, digambaraḥ, aṭṭahāsaḥ, kālañjaraḥ, purahiṭ, vṛṣākapiḥ, mahākālaḥ, varākaḥ, nandivardhanaḥ, hīraḥ, vīraḥ, kharuḥ, bhūriḥ, kaṭaprūḥ, bhairavaḥ, dhruvaḥ, śivipiṣṭaḥ, guḍākeśaḥ, devadevaḥ, mahānaṭaḥ, tīvraḥ, khaṇḍaparśuḥ, pañcānanaḥ, kaṇṭhekālaḥ, bharuḥ, bhīruḥ, bhīṣaṇaḥ, kaṅkālamālī, jaṭādharaḥ, vyomadevaḥ, siddhadevaḥ, dharaṇīśvaraḥ, viśveśaḥ, jayantaḥ, hararūpaḥ, sandhyānāṭī, suprasādaḥ, candrāpīḍaḥ, śūladharaḥ, vṛṣāṅgaḥ, vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ, bhūtanāthaḥ, śipiviṣṭaḥ, vareśvaraḥ, viśveśvaraḥ, viśvanāthaḥ, kāśīnāthaḥ, kuleśvaraḥ, asthimālī, viśālākṣaḥ, hiṇḍī, priyatamaḥ, viṣamākṣaḥ, bhadraḥ, ūrddharetā, yamāntakaḥ, nandīśvaraḥ, aṣṭamūrtiḥ, arghīśaḥ, khecaraḥ, bhṛṅgīśaḥ, ardhanārīśaḥ, rasanāyakaḥ, uḥ, hariḥ, abhīruḥ, amṛtaḥ, aśaniḥ, ānandabhairavaḥ, kaliḥ, pṛṣadaśvaḥ, kālaḥ, kālañjaraḥ, kuśalaḥ, kolaḥ, kauśikaḥ, kṣāntaḥ, gaṇeśaḥ, gopālaḥ, ghoṣaḥ, caṇḍaḥ, jagadīśaḥ, jaṭādharaḥ, jaṭilaḥ, jayantaḥ, raktaḥ, vāraḥ, vilohitaḥ, sudarśanaḥ, vṛṣāṇakaḥ, śarvaḥ, satīrthaḥ, subrahmaṇyaḥ
devatāviśeṣaḥ- hindūdharmānusāraṃ sṛṣṭeḥ vināśikā devatā।
śivasya arcanā liṅgarūpeṇa pracalitā asti।
svara
amara, akṣaya, anaśvara, śāśvata, akṣara, anaṣṭa, avināśī, akṣayya, acyuta, abhaṅga
yaḥ naśvaraḥ nāsti।
ātmā amaraḥ asti।
svara
kṛṣṇaḥ, nārāyaṇaḥ, dāmodaraḥ, hṛṣīkeśaḥ, keśavaḥ, mādhavaḥ, acyutaḥ, govindaḥ, janārdanaḥ, giridharaḥ, daivakīnandanaḥ, mādhavaḥ, śauriḥ, ahijitaḥ, yogīśvaraḥ, vaṃśīdharaḥ, vāsudevaḥ, kaṃsārātiḥ, vanamālī, purāṇapuruṣaḥ, mukundaḥ, kaṃsāriḥ, vāsuḥ, muralīdharaḥ, jagadīśaḥ, gadādharaḥ, nandātmajaḥ, gopālaḥ, nandanandanaḥ, yādavaḥ, pūtanāriḥ, mathureśaḥ, dvārakeśaḥ, pāṇḍavāyanaḥ, devakīsūnuḥ, gopendraḥ, govardhanadharaḥ, yadunāthaḥ, cakrapāṇiḥ, caturbhujaḥ, trivikramaḥ, puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ, garuḍadhvajaḥ, pītāmbaraḥ, viśvambharaḥ, viśvarujaḥ, sanātanaḥ, vibhuḥ, kāntaḥ, puruṣaḥ, prabhuḥ, jitāmitraḥ, sahasravadanaḥ
yaduvaṃśīya vasudevasya putraḥ yaḥ viṣṇoḥ avatāraḥ iti manyate।
sūradāsaḥ kṛṣṇasya paramo bhaktaḥ।
svara
īśvarapradatta, bhagavaddatta, prabhupradatta
yaḥ īśvareṇa dattaḥ।
mānavasya jīvanam īśvarapradattam asti।
svara
advaitavādaḥ, ekātmavādaḥ, ekeśvaravādaḥ
saḥ vedāntasiddhāntaḥ yatra brahma eva vastu anyat sarvam avastu iti pratipāditam।
mama pitāmahaḥ advaitavādasya samarthakaḥ asti।
svara
svāmī, adhipati, adhipa, adhibhū, adhīśa, adhīśvara, arya
yaḥ keṣāmapi vastvādīnāṃ adhikīrān samābhunakti।
svāmī bhṛtyam abhikrudhyati।
svara
nṛpaḥ, nṛpatiḥ, rājā, bhūpatiḥ, bhūpaḥ, bhūpālaḥ, mahīpatiḥ, pārthivaḥ, pārthaḥ, pṛthivīpatiḥ, pṛthivīpālaḥ, bhūmipaḥ, bhūmipatiḥ, mahīkṣit, mahīpaḥ, mahīpālaḥ, kṣitipaḥ, kṣitipatiḥ, kṣitipālaḥ, pṛthivīkṣit, nareśvaraḥ, narādhipaḥ, nareśaḥ, narendraḥ, prajeśvaraḥ, prajāpaḥ, prajāpatiḥ, jagatīpatiḥ, avanīśvaraḥ, jagatīpālaḥ, jagatpatiḥ, avanīpatiḥ, avanīpālaḥ, avanīśaḥ, kṣitīkṣaḥ, kṣitīśvaraḥ, pṛthivīśakaḥ, bhūmibhṛt, kṣitibhṛt, bhūbhṛt, kṣmābhṛt, kṣmāpaḥ, vasudhādhipaḥ, adhipaḥ, adhipatiḥ, nāyakādhipaḥ, mahībhuk, jagatībhuk, kṣmābhuk, bhūbhuk, svāmī, prabhuḥ, bhagavān, chatrapaḥ, chatrapatiḥ, rājyabhāk, lokapālaḥ, lokeśaḥ, lokeśvaraḥ, lokanāthaḥ, naradevaḥ, rāṭ, irāvān
rāṣṭrasya jāteḥ vā pradhānaśāsakaḥ।
tretāyuge śrīrāmaḥ ayodhyāyāḥ nṛpaḥ āsīt।
svara
adhīśvaraḥ, cakravartī, samrāṭ
yasya adhipatye naike rājānaḥ santi।
akabaraḥ adhīśvaraḥ āsīt।
svara
cakravartin, ekādhipati, sarveśvara, sarveśa
samudraparivṛtāyāḥ sarvabhūmeḥ īśvaraḥ।
rājā aśokaḥ cakravartī āsīt।
svara
vacanam, vāṇī, svara ḥ, gīḥ, girā, ravaḥ, vāk, kaṇaṭharavaḥ, vacas, uktaḥ, vyāhāraḥ, vyāhṛtiḥ, bhāṣitam, lapitam, kaṇṭhadhvaniḥ
manuṣyasya mukhāt nirgataḥ sārthaḥ śabdaḥ।
tad vacanaṃ vada yad subhāṣitam asti।
svara
viśvakarmā, tvaṣṭā, sudhanvā, rūpapati, rūpakṛt, indradrohī, kāruḥ, takṣakaḥ, bhaumanaḥ, prajāpatiḥ, rūpakartā, matīśvaraḥ
śilpaśāstrasya āviṣkartā tathā ca prathamaḥ ācāryaḥ।
viśvakarmā devatānāṃ śilpī āsīt।
svara
indraḥ, devarājaḥ, jayantaḥ, ṛṣabhaḥ, mīḍhvān, marutvān, maghavā, viḍojā, pākaśāsanaḥ, vṛddhaśravāḥ, sunāsīraḥ, puruhūtaḥ, purandaraḥ, jiṣṇuḥ, lekharṣabhaḥ, śakraḥ, śatamanyuḥ, divaspatiḥ, sutrāmā, gotrabhit, vajrī, vāsavaḥ, vṛtrahā, vṛṣā, vāstospatiḥ, surapatiḥ, balārātiḥ, śacīpatiḥ, jambhabhedī, harihayaḥ, svārāṭ, namucisūdanaḥ, saṃkrandanaḥ, duścyavanaḥ, turāṣāṭ, meghavāhanaḥ, ākhaṇḍalaḥ, sahastrākṣaḥ, ṛbhukṣā, mahendraḥ, kośikaḥ, pūtakratuḥ, viśvambharaḥ, hariḥ, purudaṃśā, śatadhṛtiḥ, pṛtanāṣāḍ, ahidviṣaḥ, vajrapāṇiḥ, devarājaḥ, parvatāriḥ, paryaṇyaḥ, devatādhipaḥ, nākanāthaḥ, pūrvadikkapatiḥ, pulomāriḥ, arhaḥ, pracīnavarhiḥ, tapastakṣaḥ, biḍaujāḥ, arkaḥ, ulūkaḥ, kaviḥ, kauśikaḥ, jiṣṇuḥ
sā devatā yā svargasya adhipatiḥ iti manyate।
vedeṣu indrasya sūktāni santi।
svara
aśāsanam, anīśvaratā, anadhīnatā, arājyam
śāsanahīnā avasthā।
rāṣṭre dinedine aśāsanaṃ vardhate।
svara
svara sādhanā
saṃgīte pūrṇatāṃ prāptuṃ kṛtaḥ svarasya abhyāsaḥ।
gāyakāḥ prāyaḥ prātaḥ svarasādhanāṃ kurvanti।
svara
suvarṇam, svarṇam, kanakam, hiraṇyam, hema, hāṭakam, kāñcanam, tapanīyam, śātakumbham, gāṅgeyam, bharmam, karvaram, cāmīkaram, jātarūpam, mahārajatam, rukmam, kārtasvara m, jāmbunadam, aṣṭāpadam, śātakaumbham, karcuram, rugmam, bhadram, bhūri, piñjaram, draviṇam, gairikam, cāmpeyam, bharuḥ, candraḥ, kaladhautam, abhrakam, agnibījam, lohavaram, uddhasārukam, sparśamaṇiprabhavam, mukhyadhātu, ujjvalam, kalyāṇam, manoharam, agnivīryam, agni, bhāskaram, piñajānam, apiñjaram, tejaḥ, dīptam, agnibham, dīptakam, maṅgalyam, saumañjakam, bhṛṅgāram, jāmbavam, āgneyam, niṣkam, agniśikham
dhātuviśeṣaḥ-pītavarṇīyaḥ dhātuḥ yaḥ alaṅkāranirmāṇe upayujyate।
suvarṇasya mūlyaṃ vardhitam।
svara
patiḥ, bhartā, svāmī, āryaputraḥ, kāntaḥ, prāṇanāthaḥ, ramaṇaḥ, varaḥ, gṛhī, guruḥ, hṛdayeśaḥ, jāmātā, sukhotsavaḥ, narmakīlaḥ, rataguruḥ, dhavaḥ, pariṇetā, īśvaraḥ, īśitā, adhipatiḥ, netā, parivṛḍhaḥ
striyaḥ pāṇigrahītā।
alakāyāḥ patiḥ adhikārabhraṃśāt svakuṭumbasya pālanaṃ kartum asamarthatvena atīva duḥkhī abhavat।
svara
svara mādhuryam
saṅgīte svarasya layabaddhaṃ rūpam।
svaramādhuryeṇa gajala iti saṅgītaprakārasya saundaryaṃ vardhate।
svara
vāyuḥ, vātaḥ, anilaḥ, pavanaḥ, pavamānaḥ, prabhañjanaḥ, śvasanaḥ, sparśanaḥ, mātariśvā, sadāgatiḥ, pṛṣadaśvaḥ, gandhavahaḥ, gandhavāhaḥ, āśugaḥ, samīraḥ, mārutaḥ, marut, jagatprāṇaḥ, samīraṇaḥ, nabhasvān, ajagatprāṇaḥ, khaśvāsaḥ, vābaḥ, dhūlidhvajaḥ, phaṇipriyaḥ, vātiḥ, nabhaḥprāṇaḥ, bhogikāntaḥ, svakampanaḥ, akṣatiḥ, kampalakṣmā, śasīniḥ, āvakaḥ, hariḥ, vāsaḥ, sukhāśaḥ, mṛgavābanaḥ, sāraḥ, cañcalaḥ, vihagaḥ, prakampanaḥ, nabhaḥ, svara ḥ, niśvāsakaḥ, stanūnaḥ, pṛṣatāmpatiḥ, śīghraḥ
viśvagamanavān viśvavyāpī tathā ca yasmin jīvāḥ śvasanti।
vāyuṃ vinā jīvanasya kalpanāpi aśakyā।
svara
śiśnaḥ, puliṅgam, puṃścihnam, upasthaḥ, jaghanyam, naraṅgam, puruṣāṅgam, carmadaṇḍaḥ, svara stambhaḥ, upasthaḥ, madanāṅkuśaḥ, kandarpamuṣalaḥ, śephaḥ, mehanam, meḍhraḥ, lāṅguḥ, dhvajaḥ, rāgalatā, lāṅgūlam, sādhanam, sephaḥ, kāmāṅkuśaḥ, vyaṅgaḥ
avayavaviśeṣaḥ, puruṣasya jananendriyam।
yāvatāmeva dhātūnāṃ liṅgaṃ rūḍhigataṃ bhavet arthaścaivābhidheyastu tāvadbhirguṇavigrahaḥ
svara
sasvara -paṭhanam
likhitaṃ sāhityaṃ svareṇa saha paṭhanam।
bālakasya sasvarapaṭhanaṃ śrutvā janāḥ muditāḥ।
svara
gaṅgā, mandākinī, jāhnavī, puṇyā, alakanandā, viṣṇupadī, jahnutanayā, suranimnagā, bhāgīrathī, tripathagā, tistrotāḥ, bhīṣmasūḥ, arghyatīrtham, tīrtharījaḥ, tridaśadīrghikā, kumārasūḥ, saridvarā, siddhāpagā, svarāpagā, svargyāpagā, khāpagā, ṛṣikulyā, haimavratī, sarvāpī, haraśekharā, surāpagā, dharmadravī, sudhā, jahnukanyā, gāndinī, rudraśekharā, nandinī, sitasindhuḥ, adhvagā, ugraśekharā, siddhasindhuḥ, svargasarīdvarā, samudrasubhagā, svarnadī, suradīrghikā, suranadī, svardhunī, jyeṣṭhā, jahnusutā, bhīṣmajananī, śubhrā, śailendrajā, bhavāyanā, mahānadī, śailaputrī, sitā, bhuvanapāvanī, śailaputrī
bhāratadeśasthāḥ pradhānā nadī yā hindudharmānusāreṇa mokṣadāyinī asti iti manyante।
dharmagranthāḥ kathayanti rājñā bhagīrathena svargāt gaṅgā ānītā।
svara
dyumat, dyutikar, dyutimat, dyotana, dyoti, dyotamāna, ujvala, kāntimat, kiraṇamaya, utprabha, ullasa, ullasita, prakāśavat, prakāśaka, prakāśamāna, prakāśat, prakāśin, citra, tejasvat, tejasvin, tejomaya, taijasa, añjimat, atiśukra, abhirucira, abhivirājita, abhiśobhita, abhīṣumat, amanda, avabhāsita, avabhāsin, ābhāsvara , ārocana, ābhāsura, iddha, utprabha, udīrṇadīdhiti, uddyota, uddyotita, kanakatālābha, kanakaprabha, kanala, kāśī, kāśīṣṇu, ketu, taijasa, dīdi, dīdivi, dīpta, dīptimat, dyotamāna, dhauta, punāna, prakhya, prabhāvat, bṛhajjyotis, bhāskara, bhāsura, bhāsvara , bhāsvat, bhāsayat, rukmābha, rucita, rucira, rucya, ruśat, roca, rocana, rocamāna, rociṣṇu, varcasvin, vidyotamāna, virukmat, vicakṣaṇa, virājamāna, śuklabhāsvara , śundhyu, śubhāna, śubhra, śubhri, śumbhamāna, śobha, śobhamāna, sutāra, suteja, sudīpta, sudyotman, supraketa, suprabha, suruk, suvibhāta, sphurat, hiraṇyanirṇij, hiraṇyanirṇig
yasmin dīptiḥ asti athavā yasya varṇaḥ ābhāyuktaḥ asti।
prācyadeśāt āgatena tena dūtena tat dyumat ratnaṃ rājasabhāyāṃ rājñe samarpitam।
svara
susvara
madhuraḥ svaraḥ।
gītā sarasvatīvandanāyāḥ susvaraṃ gānaṃ gāyati।
svara
caitanyaḥ, caitanya-mahāprabhuḥ, caitanya-prabhuḥ, kṛṣṇacaitanyaḥ, gaurāṅgamahāprabhuḥ, gauḍeśvaraḥ
baṅgālaprāntīyaḥ khyātaḥ vaiṣṇavaḥ mahātmā।
caitanyaḥ bhramaṇaṃ kṛtvā prabhulīlāyāḥ varṇanam akarot।
svara
skandaḥ, ṣaḍānanaḥ, kumāraḥ, kārttikeyaḥ, ṣāṇmāturaḥ, mayūraketuḥ, siddhasenaḥ, viśākhaḥ, agnibhūḥ, āmbikeyaḥ, āgneyaḥ, kāmajitaḥ, gāṅgeyaḥ, candrānanaḥ, tārakāriḥ, devavrataḥ, mayūreśaḥ, śikhīśvaraḥ, kārtikaḥ, harihayaḥ, krauñcāriḥ, mahiṣārdanaḥ, rudratejaḥ, bhavātmajaḥ, śāṅkariḥ, śikhībhūḥ, ṣaṇmukhaḥ, kāntaḥ, jaṭādharaḥ, subrahmaṇyaḥ
bhagavataḥ śivasya jyeṣṭhaputraḥ।
senānīnāmaham skandaḥ।
svara
durgā, umā, kātyāyanī, gaurī, brahmāṇī, kālī, haimavatī, īśvarā, śivā, bhavānī, rudrāṇī, sarvāṇī, sarvamaṅgalā, aparṇā, pārvatī, mṛḍānī, līlāvatī, caṇaḍikā, ambikā, śāradā, caṇḍī, caṇḍā, caṇḍanāyikā, girijā, maṅgalā, nārāyaṇī, mahāmāyā, vaiṣṇavī, maheśvarī, koṭṭavī, ṣaṣṭhī, mādhavī, naganandinī, jayantī, bhārgavī, rambhā, siṃharathā, satī, bhrāmarī, dakṣakanyā, mahiṣamardinī, herambajananī, sāvitrī, kṛṣṇapiṅgalā, vṛṣākapāyī, lambā, himaśailajā, kārttikeyaprasūḥ, ādyā, nityā, vidyā, śubhahkarī, sāttvikī, rājasī, tāmasī, bhīmā, nandanandinī, mahāmāyī, śūladharā, sunandā, śumyabhaghātinī, hrī, parvatarājatanayā, himālayasutā, maheśvaravanitā, satyā, bhagavatī, īśānā, sanātanī, mahākālī, śivānī, haravallabhā, ugracaṇḍā, cāmuṇḍā, vidhātrī, ānandā, mahāmātrā, mahāmudrā, mākarī, bhaumī, kalyāṇī, kṛṣṇā, mānadātrī, madālasā, māninī, cārvaṅgī, vāṇī, īśā, valeśī, bhramarī, bhūṣyā, phālgunī, yatī, brahmamayī, bhāvinī, devī, acintā, trinetrā, triśūlā, carcikā, tīvrā, nandinī, nandā, dharitriṇī, mātṛkā, cidānandasvarūpiṇī, manasvinī, mahādevī, nidrārūpā, bhavānikā, tārā, nīlasarasvatī, kālikā, ugratārā, kāmeśvarī, sundarī, bhairavī, rājarājeśvarī, bhuvaneśī, tvaritā, mahālakṣmī, rājīvalocanī, dhanadā, vāgīśvarī, tripurā, jvālmukhī, vagalāmukhī, siddhavidyā, annapūrṇā, viśālākṣī, subhagā, saguṇā, nirguṇā, dhavalā, gītiḥ, gītavādyapriyā, aṭṭālavāsinī, aṭṭahāsinī, ghorā, premā, vaṭeśvarī, kīrtidā, buddhidā, avīrā, paṇḍitālayavāsinī, maṇḍitā, saṃvatsarā, kṛṣṇarūpā, balipriyā, tumulā, kāminī, kāmarūpā, puṇyadā, viṣṇucakradharā, pañcamā, vṛndāvanasvarūpiṇī, ayodhyārupiṇī, māyāvatī, jīmūtavasanā, jagannāthasvarūpiṇī, kṛttivasanā, triyāmā, jamalārjunī, yāminī, yaśodā, yādavī, jagatī, kṛṣṇajāyā, satyabhāmā, subhadrikā, lakṣmaṇā, digambarī, pṛthukā, tīkṣṇā, ācārā, akrūrā, jāhnavī, gaṇḍakī, dhyeyā, jṛmbhaṇī, mohinī, vikārā, akṣaravāsinī, aṃśakā, patrikā, pavitrikā, tulasī, atulā, jānakī, vandyā, kāmanā, nārasiṃhī, girīśā, sādhvī, kalyāṇī, kamalā, kāntā, śāntā, kulā, vedamātā, karmadā, sandhyā, tripurasundarī, rāseśī, dakṣayajñavināśinī, anantā, dharmeśvarī, cakreśvarī, khañjanā, vidagdhā, kuñjikā, citrā, sulekhā, caturbhujā, rākā, prajñā, ṛdbhidā, tāpinī, tapā, sumantrā, dūtī, aśanī, karālā, kālakī, kuṣmāṇḍī, kaiṭabhā, kaiṭabhī, kṣatriyā, kṣamā, kṣemā, caṇḍālikā, jayantī, bheruṇḍā
sā devī yayā naike daityāḥ hatāḥ tathā ca yā ādiśaktiḥ asti iti manyate।
navarātrotsave sthāne sthāne durgāyāḥ pratiṣṭhāpanā kriyate।
svara
garuḍaḥ, garutmān, tārkṣyaḥ, vainateyaḥ, khageśvaraḥ, nāgāntakaḥ, viṣṇurathaḥ, suparṇaḥ, pannagāśanaḥ, mahāvīraḥ, pakṣisiṃhaḥ, uragāśanaḥ, śālmalī, parivāhanaḥ, amṛtāharaṇaḥ, nāgāśanaḥ, śālmalīsthaḥ, khagendraḥ, bhujagāntakaḥ, tarasvī, tārkṣyanāyakaḥ
khagaviśeṣaḥ bṛhatkhagaḥ yaḥ khagānāṃ nṛpaḥ iti manyate।
asya vṛkṣasya asyāṃ śākhāyāṃ garuḍaḥ sthitaḥ।
svara
cillaḥ, cillā, ājaḥ, kāmāyuḥ, kvaṇitekṣaṇaḥ, khagendraḥ, khageśvaraḥ, śakunaḥ, dākṣāyyaḥ
gṛdhrajātīyaḥ mahān khagaḥ yaḥ gṛdhrād laghuḥ asti।
cillaḥ māṃsabhakṣī khagaḥ asti।/cillaḥ ākheṭakaḥ khagaḥ asti।
svara
varuṇaḥ, pracetāḥ, pāśī, yādasāṃpatiḥ, appatiḥ, yādaḥpatiḥ, apāṃpatiḥ, jambukaḥ, meghanādaḥ, jaleśvaraḥ, parañjayaḥ, daityadevaḥ, jīvanāvāsaḥ, nandapālaḥ, vārilomaḥ, kuṇḍalī, rāmaḥ, sukhāśaḥ, kaviḥ, keśaḥ
ekā vaidikī devatā yā jalasya adhipatiḥ asti iti manyate।
vedeṣu varuṇasya pūjanasya vidhānam asti।
svara
visvara
niyatasvarāt dūrībhūtaḥ।
saḥ visvaraṃ saṅgītaṃ gāyati।
svara
madhyamasvara ḥ
saṅgītasya saptasvareṣu caturthaḥ svaraḥ।
sā madhyamasvare gāyati। /madhyamasvaraḥ krauñcasvaratulyaḥ asti।
svara
svara mātrā
svaranirdeśārthe cihnam;
vā ityatra ākārasya mātrā asti
svara
sadhanaḥ, dhanikaḥ, dhanāḍhyaḥ, dhaneśvaraḥ, lakṣmīśaḥ
yasya samīpe pracuraṃ dhanam asti।
jagati dhanavatāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ nyūnatā nāsti।
svara
koṭīśvaraḥ, lakṣādhīśaḥ
yasya samīpe lakṣādhikānāṃ rūpyakāṇāṃ vibhavaḥ asti।
asmākaṃ nagare naike koṭīśvarāḥ santi।
svara
nandikeśvaraḥ, tryambakavṛṣabhaḥ, ājakāraḥ, nandī, nandiḥ
purāṇānusāreṇa śivasya vṛṣabhaḥ।
nandikeśvaraḥ śivasya dvārapālaḥ asti।
svara
tālaikyam, svara ikyam, svara saṅgaḥ, svara ikatā, ekatālaḥ, layaḥ, ekatānaḥ
gītagāyanasya viśeṣā tathā ca śobhanīyā paddhatiḥ।
asyāḥ gāyakyaḥ tālaikyaṃ madhuram asti।
svara
kuberaḥ, yakṣarāṭ, yakṣendraḥ, yakṣeśvaraḥ, tryambakasakhā, guhyakeśvaraḥ, manuṣyadharmā, dhanadaḥ, dhanādhipaḥ, kinnareśaḥ, vaiśravaṇaḥ, paulastyaḥ, naravāhanaḥ, ekapiṅgaḥ, aiḍaviḍaḥ, śrīdaḥ, puṇyajaneśvaraḥ
yakṣānāṃ rājā yaḥ indrasya kośādhyakṣaḥ asti।
kuberaḥ rāvaṇasya bhrātā āsīt।
svara
svara ḥ, ravaḥ, kaṇṭharavaḥ, kaṇṭhadhvaniḥ
paśukaṇṭhotthitamṛdutīvrādiyuktaḥ dhvaniḥ।
tasya svaraḥ madhuraḥ asti।
svara
svara ḥ
tantrīkaṇṭhotthitaniṣādādisaptadhvaniḥ।
saṅgītasya sapta svarāḥ ṣaḍjaḥ,ṛṣabhaḥ,gāndhāraḥ,madhyamaḥ,pañcamaḥ,dhaivataḥ tathā ca niṣādaḥ asti।
svara
pañcamasvara ḥ
saṅgīte pañcamasvaraḥ।
pa iti pañcamasvaraḥ।
svara
yakṣaḥ, guhyakamātram, guhyakeśvaraḥ, indragṛham, dhanarakṣakaḥ
bhūtayoniviśeṣaḥ, kuberasya sevakāḥ ye vikṛtākāravadanāḥ piṅgalākṣāḥ mahodarāḥ dīrghaskandhāḥ syuḥ iti manyate। yudhiṣṭhireṇa yakṣasya praśnāḥ samuttaritāḥ। /
pracetasaḥ sutā yakṣāḥ teṣāṃ nāmāni me śruṇu ।kevalo harikeśaśca kapilaḥ kāñcanastathā । meghamālī ca yakṣāḥ gaṇa eṣa udāhṛtaḥ ॥
svara
vāgīśaḥ, vāgīśvaraḥ
yaḥ bhāṣāyāḥ jñātā asti।
maheśaḥ pāṇḍityāt eva vāgīśaḥ iti khyātāḥ।
svara
svarājyam
sā śāsanapraṇālī yasyāṃ kasyāpi deśasya śāsanaṃ tatrasthāḥ janāḥ eva kurvanti।
asmākaṃ deśe svarājyam asti।
svara
uttarāṣāḍhā, viśveśaḥ, viśvaśvaraḥ
aśvinyādisaptaviṃśatinakṣatrāntargataikaviṃśannakṣatram।
uttarāṣāḍhā candrapathe ekaviṃśatitamaṃ nakṣatraṃ bhavati।
svara
vādyasvara ḥ
komalatātīvratādibhiḥ yuktaḥ dhvaniḥ yaḥ vādyayantrasya vādanena jāyate।
vādyasvaraḥ kalāgṛhe anunadati।
svara
āstika, īśvaravādī, īśvaraniṣṭha
yaḥ vedādīn viśvasīti।
hindūdharmiyāḥ āstikāḥ santi।
svara
īśvaravādaḥ, āstikyavādaḥ, āstikyam
vedeṣu īśvarādiṣu ca yaḥ viśvasīti।
duḥkhitaṃ manaḥ īśvaravādam āśrayati।
svara
nāstikaḥ, anīśvaravādī, nāstikatāvādī, nirīśvaravādī, devanindakaḥ, devanindakā, laukāyatikaḥ, śūnyavādī
yaḥ īśvarasya astitvaṃ na manyate।
nāstikāya dharmavacanaṃ na spaṣṭīkartuṃ śakyate।
svara
nāstika, anīśvaravādī, nāstikatāvādī, nirīśvaravādī
yaḥ vedādīn na viśvasīti।
prāyaḥ cīnadeśīyāḥ janāḥ nāstikāḥ santi।
svara
āstika, īśvaravādī
yaḥ īśvarasya astitvaṃ manyate।
mahāśivarātrī ityākhyamahotsavārthe naike āstikāḥ āgatāḥ।
svara
aśvarathaḥ
rathaviśeṣaḥ, unnatacakraviśiṣṭam aśvena udvāhitaṃ yānam।
adhunā aśvarathāḥ paryaṭanasthaleṣu eva dṛśyante।
svara
nāstikatā, devanindā, īśvaraniṣedhaḥ, nāstivādaḥ, śūnyavādaḥ, nāstikyam, anāstikyam, nāstikatvam, saugatikam
vedeṣu īśvare paraloke vā aviśvāsaḥ।
nāstikatayā manuṣyaḥ pāpena lipyate।
svara
prabhutā, prabhutvam, īśatā, īśvaratvam, īśvaratā
prabhoḥ sthitiḥ।
prabhoḥ prabhutāṃ kaḥ ākṣipati।
svara
vāsaraḥ, divasaḥ, dinam, ghasraḥ, ahaḥ, bhāsvara ḥ, divā, vāraḥ, aṃśakaḥ, dyuḥ, aṃśakam
kālaviśeṣaḥ, sūryodayāt sūryodayaparyantam kālam ।
vāsarasya aṣṭabhāgāḥ santi।
svara
antaḥsthaḥ, ardhasvara ḥ
madhye sthitaḥ।
ya ra la va itye antaḥsthāḥ santi।
svara
bhuvaneśvaram
uḍisārājyasya rājadhānī।
bhuvaneśvaraṃ tu darśanīyaṃ nagarameva।
svara
advaitavādī, ekeśvaravādī, advaitavādinī, ekeśvaravādinī
yaḥ advaitasiddhāntam anusarati।
śaṅkarācāryaḥ advaitavādī āsīt।
svara
anaśva, aśvavihīna, aśvarahita
aśvena vinā।
mṛtakeṣu anaśvānāṃ sainikānāṃ saṅkhyā adhikā āsīt।
svara
anīśvara, īśvarahīna
īśvareṇa vinā।
anīśvaraṃ hṛdayam aśāntaṃ vartate।
svara
galasvara ḥ
vādyaviśeṣaḥ।
galasvaraḥ vāyuvādyam asti।
svara
anīśvaratā, anīśvaratvam
īśvarasya abhāvasya avasthā bhāvo vā।
asmin vijñānayuge api anīśvaratā svīkartuṃ na śakyate।
svara
svara pradhānaḥ
rāgaviśeṣaḥ।
svarapradhāne svarasya pradhānatā vartate na tu tālasya।
svara
svara nābhiḥ
prācīnakālīnaḥ vādyaviśeṣaḥ।
svaranābhiḥ vāyuvādyam āsīt।
svara
svara bhaṅgaḥ
rogaviśeṣaḥ yasmin kaṇṭhāt aspaṣṭaḥ svaraḥ āgacchati।
gāyakaḥ svarabhaṅgena pīḍitaḥ।
svara
svara maṇḍalam
vādyaviśeṣaḥ।
svaramaṇḍale tantryaḥ santi।
svara
svarāṣṭakaḥ
ekaḥ saṅkaraḥ rāgaḥ।
saṅgītajñaḥ svarāṣṭakaṃ gāyati।
svara
pañcatāleśvaraḥ
śuddhajāteḥ ekaḥ rāgaḥ।
saṅgītajñaḥ pañcatāleśvaraṃ gāyati।
svara
anusvāraḥ
svarānte uccāryamāṇaḥ anunāsikavarṇaḥ।
kecana bālakāḥ anusvārasya uccāraṇaṃ kartum asamarthāḥ।
svara
jñāneśvaraḥ, jñānadevaḥ
trayodaśe saṃvatsare mahārāṣṭraprānte jātaḥ ekaḥ mahātmā।
jñāneśvaraḥ bhāgavatasampradāyasya pravartakaḥ āsīt।
svara
yājñavalkyaḥ, brahmarātriḥ, yogeśaḥ, yogīśvaraḥ
hindūdharmaśāstra-prayojaka-muniviśeṣaḥ- yajñavalkasya putraḥ saḥ sūryāt śuklayajurvedaṃ prāptavān।
daivāt kenāpi hetunā kruddho guruḥ vaiśampāyanaḥ śiṣyaṃ yājñavalkyam adhītavedaparityāgārtham ādiṣṭavān।
svara
avyaktavādī, aspaṣṭavādī, skhalatsadadavādī, skhalitasvara ḥ
yaḥ spaṣṭaṃ na vadati।
avyaktavādinaḥ vacanāni śrutvā sarve ahasan।
svara
amaratā, anaśvaratā, ānaṃtyam, nityatā, akṣayatvam, avināśinatvam, amartyatā, amartyabhāvaḥ, amaratvam, anaśvaratvam, ānaṃtyatā, nityatvam, akṣayatā, avināśinatā, amartyatvam
amaratvasya avasthā athavā bhāvaḥ।
amaratāyāḥ hetunā asurāḥ api amṛtaṃ pātuṃ icchanti।
svara
ardhanārīśvaraḥ, ardhanārīśaḥ
tantrasya anusāreṇa śivapārvatayoḥ saṃyuktaṃ rūpam।
ardhanārīśvare dakṣiṇe śivaḥ tathā vāme pārvatyāḥ rūpaṃ bhavati।
svara
visvara ḥ
vijharjharasya svarasya avasthā bhāvaḥ vā।
visvarasya kāraṇāt kopi mahyaṃ gānaṃ prastotuṃ na kathayati।
svara
svāraḥ
svarāṇām utkūlanikūlanaṃ kṛtvā uccāraṇasya rītiḥ।
tasya svāraḥ kaṭhinaḥ āsīt।
svara
bāleśvaranagaram
uḍīsārājye vartamānam ekaṃ nagaram।
bāleśvaranagaram api jalaplāvanena trastam asti।
svara
bāleśvaramaṇḍalam
uḍīsārājye vartamānam ekaṃ maṇḍalam।
bāleśvaramaṇḍalasya mukhyālayaḥ bāleśvaranagare asti।
svara
gopeśvaranagaram
bhāratasya uttarāñcale vartamānaṃ nagaram।
camolīmaṇḍalasya mukhyālayaḥ gopeśvaranagare asti।
svara
śaniḥ, śanaiśvaraḥ, chāyātmajaḥ, sauriḥ, pātaṅgiḥ, chāyāsutaḥ, bhāskariḥ, sūryaputraḥ, kālaḥ, kroḍaḥ
hindūnām ekā devatā।
mohanaḥ nityaṃ śaniṃ pūjayati।
svara
adhīśvaraḥ, rājeśvaraḥ
hindūnāṃ mahān rājā।
adhīśvarasya ādhipatye naike rājānaḥ santi।
svara
nirīśvaravādī
yaḥ anekāntavādam anusarati।
nirīśvaravādinaḥ matānusāreṇa īśvarasya astitvaṃ pramāṇayituṃ na śakyate।
svara
kaladhvaniḥ, sausvaryam, svara sampad, svara sampat, kaladhautam, nīthā
hṛdyaḥ nyuṅkhaḥ ca dhvaniḥ।
himālayastha-jalavāyuvṛkṣebhyaḥ utpannaṃ kaladhvaniṃ karṇaiḥ pītvā kaivalyam anubhūyate।
svara
harihareśvaraḥ
mahārāṣṭrarājyasya rāyagaḍamaṇḍale vartamānaṃ tīrtham।
harihareśvaraṃ dakṣiṇadiśaḥ kāśī manyate।
svara
hariścandreśvaraḥ
mahārāṣṭrarājye hariścandadurge vartamānaṃ bhagavataḥ śaṅkarasya mandiram।
asmābhiḥ hariścandreśvarasya darśanaṃ kṛtam।
svara
kopeśvaraḥ
mahārāṣṭrarājyasya khidrāpure vartamānaṃ bhagavataḥ śaṅkarasya mandiram।
prācīneṣu mandireṣu kopeśvaraḥ gaṇyate।
svara
mahābaleśvaram
bhāratadeśasya mahārāṣṭrarājye vartamānaṃ paryaṭanasthalam।
mahābaleśvarasya prākṛtikī suṣamā avarṇanīyā asti।
svara
garuḍaḥ, garutmān, tārkṣyaḥ, vainateyaḥ, khageśvaraḥ, nāgāntakaḥ, viṣṇurathaḥ, suparṇaḥ, pannagāśanaḥ, mahāvīraḥ, pakṣisiṃhaḥ, uragāśanaḥ, śālmalī, harivāhanaḥ, amṛtāharaṇaḥ, nāgāśanaḥ, śālmalisthaḥ, khagendraḥ, bhujagāntakaḥ, tarakṣī, tārkṣyanāyakaḥ
purāṇeṣu varṇitaṃ bhagavataḥ viṣṇoḥ vāhanam।
garuḍaḥ bhagavataḥ viṣṇoḥ paramaḥ bhaktaḥ asti।
svara
aśabda, nisvara
yad śabdaiḥ vyaktaṃ na bhavati।
aśabdā vṛttiḥ api sarvaṃ sūcayati।
svara
svara kṣita
svaśaktyā rakṣitam।
rājñaḥ svarakṣitā senā kadāpi na parājitā।
svara
antaḥsthavarṇaḥ, ardhasvara ḥ
ya ra la va ityādayaḥ catvāraḥ varṇāḥ।
sparśāṇām uṣmaṇāṃ ca madhye vartamānatvāt ete antaḥsthavarṇāḥ iti kathyante।
svara
īśvaraparāyaṇa
īśvaraniṣṭhaḥ।
īśvaraparāyaṇaṃ manuṣyam īśvaraḥ sarvadā rakṣati।
svara
rājatā, svādhipatyam, svārājyam, prabhutvam
rājñaḥ iva avasthā guṇaḥ bhāvaḥ vā।
kaḥ api svasya rājatāṃ nāśayituṃ na icchati।
svara
ātmarakṣā, svara kṣā
svasya rakṣā।
ātmarakṣā prathamaṃ kartavyā।
svara
īśvaraḥ
naike kṣupāḥ ।
īśvaraḥ iti nāmnā naike kṣupāḥ santi
svara
īśvaraḥ
ekaḥ rājaputraḥ ।
īśvarasya varṇanam purāṇe vartate
svara
vidyeśvaraḥ
indrajālikaviśeṣaḥ ।
daśakumāracarite vidyeśvarasya varṇanaṃ prāpyate
svara
vinīteśvaraḥ
kaścit divyaḥ puruṣaḥ ।
tbauddhasāhitye vinīteśvarasya varṇanam asti
svara
vādivāgīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
vādivāgīśvarasya ullekhaḥ kośe vartate
svara
vighneśvaraḥ
ekaḥ ācāryaḥ ।
vighneśvarasya varṇanaṃ śaktiratnākare prāpyate
svara
vijayeśvaraḥ
pavitrasthānaviśeṣaḥ ।
vijayeśvarasya varṇanaṃ rājataraṅgiṇyāṃ prāpyate
svara
vijñāneśvaraḥ
lekhakaviśeṣaḥ ।
vivaraṇa-pustikāyāṃ vijñāneśvaraḥ varṇitaḥ
svara
viśvarūpagaṇakamūniśvaraḥ
lekhakaviśeṣaḥ ।
viśvarūpagaṇakamūniśvarasya varṇanaṃ vivaraṇapustikāyāṃ prāpyate
svara
viśveśvarakālī
kaviviśeṣaḥ ।
viśvevarakālyāḥ ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
viśveśvaratīrthaḥ
lekhakaviśeṣaḥ ।
viśveśvaratīrthaḥ iti nāmakānāṃ sapta lekhakānām ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
jaleśvaraḥ
ekaḥ mahālayaḥ ।
jaleśvarasya varṇanaṃ matsyapurāṇe vartate
svara
nareśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
nareśvaraḥ kośe parigaṇitaḥ
svara
vārāṇasīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
vārāṇasīśvarasya ullekhaḥ kośe asti
svara
vedeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ puruṣaḥ ।
vedeśvarasya ullekhaḥ vāsavadattā iti granthe asti
svara
bhāsvara ḥ
devatānāṃ pragrahaḥ ।
bhāsvarasya ullekhaḥ mahābhārate vartate
svara
śukreśvaram
ekaṃ mandiram ।
śukreśvarasya ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
śukleśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
śukleśvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
śukleśvaranāthaḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
śukleśvaranāthasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
prayuteśvaratīrtham
tīrthayātrārthe ekaṃ puṇyakṣetram ।
skanda-purāṇe prayuteśvaratīrthaṃ varṇitam
svara
bāleśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
kośakāraiḥ bāleśvaraḥ ullikhitaḥ avartata
svara
bālhīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ vaṃśaḥ ।
viṣṇu-purāṇe bālhīśvaraḥ varṇitaḥ
svara
bilośvaraḥ
ekaṃ tīrthasthānam ।
bilośvarasya ullekhaḥ kośe vartate
svara
bāleśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
kośakāraiḥ bāleśvaraḥ ullikhitaḥ avartata
svara
bālhīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ vaṃśaḥ ।
viṣṇu-purāṇe bālhīśvaraḥ varṇitaḥ
svara
bilośvaraḥ
ekaṃ tīrthasthānam ।
bilośvarasya ullekhaḥ kośe vartate
svara
kedāreśvarasthalī
ekaḥ pradeśaḥ ।
kedāreśvarasthalī kapila-saṃhitāyāṃ kapila-purāṇe ca ullikhitā
svara
kaiṭabheśvaralakṣaṇam
ekaḥ lekhanavargaḥ ।
kaiṭabheśvaralakṣaṇasya varṇanaṃ kośe vartate
svara
sakaleśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
sakaleśvarasya ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
sakaleśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
sakaleśvarasya ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
sabheśvarastotram
ekaṃ stotram ।
sabheśvarastotrasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
sarvajñarāmeśvarabhaṭṭārakaḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
sarvajñarāmeśvarabhaṭṭārakasya ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
brahmeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ kaviḥ ।
brahmeśvaraḥ kośeṣu varṇitaḥ
svara
bhaṭṭaviśveśvaraḥ
vividhānāṃ paṇḍitānāṃ tathā ca lekhakānāṃ nāmaviśeṣaḥ ।
kośeṣu bhaṭṭaviśveśvaraḥ nirdiṣṭaḥ āsīt
svara
bhaṭṭasomeśvaraḥ
vividhānāṃ paṇḍitānāṃ tathā ca lekhakānāṃ nāmaviśeṣaḥ ।
kośeṣu bhaṭṭasomeśvaraḥ nirdiṣṭaḥ āsīt
svara
viśveśvaratīrthaḥ
lekhakanāmaviśeṣaḥ ।
viśveśvaratīrthaḥ iti nāmakānāṃ sapta lekhakānām ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
kedāreśvarasthalī
ekaḥ pradeśaḥ ।
kedāreśvarasthalī kapila-saṃhitāyāṃ kapila-purāṇe ca ullikhitā
svara
kaiṭabheśvaralakṣaṇam
ekaḥ lekhanavargaḥ ।
kaiṭabheśvaralakṣaṇasya varṇanaṃ kośe vartate
svara
gaṇeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ rogakārakaḥ daityaḥ ।
gaṇeśvarasya ullekhaḥ harivaṃśe vartate
svara
gokarṇeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ devadūtaḥ ।
gokarṇeśvarasya varṇanaṃ bauddhasāhitye vartate
svara
gopeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ puruṣaḥ ।
gopeśvarasya ullekhaḥ kośe vartate
svara
gauḍeśvarācāryaḥ
ekaḥ śikṣakaḥ ।
gauḍeśvarācāryasya varṇanaṃ kośe vartate
svara
caṇḍīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
caṇḍīśvarasya varṇanaṃ kośe vartate
svara
svapneśvaraḥ
lekhakanāmaviśeṣaḥ ।
svapneśvaraḥ iti nāmakayoḥ dvayoḥ lekhakayoḥ ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
svara kṣuḥ
ekā nadī ।
svarakṣoḥ ullekhaḥ mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇe asti
svara
svara saḥ
ekaḥ parvataḥ ।
svarasasya ullekhaḥ purāṇeṣu asti
svara
svarāṣṭraḥ
ekaḥ rājā ।
svarāṣṭrasya ullekhaḥ mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇe asti
svara
sthaleśvaram
ekaṃ sthānam ।
sthaleśvarasya ullekhaḥ kāśīkhaṇḍe asti
svara
sthāṇvīśvaram
ekaḥ grāmaḥ ।
sthāṇvīśvarasya ullekhaḥ hemādreḥ caturvarga-cintāmaṇiḥ ityasmin granthe asti
svara
manoharavīreśvaraḥ
ekaḥ ācāryaḥ ।
abhilekhane manoharavīreśvarasya ullekhaḥ kṛtaḥ
svara
karamukteśvaram
ekaṃ mandiram ।
karamukteśvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
kapisvara ḥ
ekaḥ puruṣaḥ ।
kapisvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
kapileśvaradevaḥ
ekaḥ rājā ।
kapileśvaradevasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
kaccheśvaraḥ
ekaḥ grāmaḥ ।
kaccheśvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
kaceśvaram
ekaṃ mandiram ।
kaceśvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
umāmaheśvaravratam
ekaṃ viśiṣṭaṃ vratam ।
umāmaheśvaravratasya ullekhaḥ bhaviṣyapurāṇe asti
svara
īśvarānandaḥ
ekaḥ vidvān ।
īśvarānandasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
īśvarasenaḥ
ekaḥ rājā ।
īśvarasenasya ullekhaḥ viṣṇupurāṇe asti
svara
īśvarasūriḥ
ekaḥ śikṣakaḥ ।
īśvarasūryaḥ ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
īśvaravarmā
ekaḥ puruṣaḥ ।
īśvaravarmaṇaḥ ullekhaḥ katāsaritsāgare asti
svara
īśvaradattaḥ
ekaḥ rājaputraḥ ।
īśvaradattasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
īśvaratīrthācāryaḥ
ekaḥ śikṣakaḥ ।
īśvaratīrthācāryasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
īśvaraḥ
ekaḥ rājaputraḥ ।
īśvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
īśvarā
kṣupaviśeṣaḥ ।
īśvarā iti nāmakānāṃ naikeṣāṃ kṣupāṇām ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
ābhāsvara ḥ
dvādaśānāṃ viṣayāṇāṃ viśiṣṭaḥ gaṇaḥ ।
ābhāsvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
ādīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ rājaputraḥ ।
ādīśvarasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
parvateśvarasya ullekhaḥ mudrārākṣase asti
parvateśvara ।
ekaḥ puruṣaḥ
svara
pakṣeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
pakṣeśvarasya ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
pañcasvarānirṇayaḥ
ekaḥ ṭīkāgranthaḥ ।
pañcasvarānirṇayasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
vīreśvarasūnuḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
vīreśvarasūnoḥ ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
vīreśvarānandaḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
vīreśvarānandasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
jagadīśvaraḥ
hāsyārṇavaḥ iti granthasya lekhakaḥ ।
jagadīśvarasya ullekhaḥ hāsyārṇave asti
svara
jagadīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ rājā ।
jagadīśvarasya ullekhaḥ manusmṛtau asti
svara
jyotirīśaḥ, jyotirīśvaraḥ
dhūrtasamāgamam iti nāṭakasya lekhakaḥ ।
jyotirīśasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti
svara
deveśvarapaṇḍita
ekaḥ kaviḥ ।
deveśvarapaṇḍitasya ullekhaḥ kośe vartate
svara
kākacaṇḍīśvaraḥ
ekaḥ puruṣaḥ ।
kākacaṇḍiśvarasya ullekhaḥ kośe vartate
svara
dheyeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ lekhakaḥ ।
dheyeśvarasya ullekhaḥ vivaraṇapustikāyām asti
svara
nāgeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ puruṣaḥ ।
nāgeśvarasya ullekhaḥ rājataraṅgiṇyām asti
svara
tālakeśvaraḥ
ekaḥ auṣadhīyaḥ lepaḥ ।
tālakeśvarasya ullekhaḥ bhāvaprakāśe asti
svara
deveśvarapaṇḍitaḥ
ekaḥ kaviḥ ।
deveśvarapaṇḍitasya ullekhaḥ koṣe asti