m.Name of a divinity belonging to the upper region (considered as offspring of the water and plants, as guardian of the waters and bestower of fertility)
f.Name of a river (celebrated in and held to be a goddess whose identity is much disputed;most authorities hold that the name sarasvatī- is identical with the Avestan Haraquaiti river in Afghanistan, but that it usually means the Indus in the , and only occasionally the small sacred rivers in madhya-deśa- [see below];the river-goddess has seven sisters and is herself sevenfold, she is called the mother of streams, the best of mothers, of rivers, and of goddesses;the ṛṣi-s always recognize the connection of the goddess with the river, and invoke her to descend from the sky, to bestow vitality, renown, and riches;elsewhere she is described as moving along a golden path and as destroying vṛtra- etc.;as a goddess she is often connected with other deities exempli gratia, 'for example' with pūṣan-, indra-, the marut-s and the aśvin-s;in the āprī- hymns she forms a triad with the sacrificial goddesses iḍā- and bhāratī-; according to to a myth told in the , sarasvatī- through speech[ vācā-]communicated vigour to indra-;in the brāhmaṇa-s she is identified with vāc-,"Speech", and in later times becomes goddess of eloquenceSee below) etc.
f.Name of a well-known small river (held very sacred by the Hindus;identified with the modern Sursooty, and formerly marking with the dṛṣadvatī- one of the boundaries of the region ārya-deṣa- and of the sacred district called brahmāvarta- [see ] in ,this river is represented as flowing into the sea, although later legends make it disappear underground and join the Ganges and Jumna at Allahabad;Seetri-veṇī-, prayāga-)
f.Name of various rivers (especially of rivers which in sacredness are equal to sarasvatī- and which are three according to to ,andseven according to to )
f.Name of the goddess of eloquence and learning (see above;she is opposed to śrī- or lakṣmī-[ see ] , and sometimes considered as the daughter and also wife of brahmā-, the proper wife of that god being rather sāvitri- or gāyatrī-;she is also identified with durgā-, or even with the wife of viṣṇu- and of manu-, and held to be the daughter of dakṣa-) etc.
n.Name ofwork on alaṃkāra- (generally ascribed to bhoja-deva-, but probably written by some Pandit during or after the reign of that king, in the end of the 11th century A.D.)
f. the worship of sarasvatī- (observed as a holiday on the fifth of the light half of the month māgha- and therefore also called vasanta-pañcamī-, on which day books and writing implements are held sacred and not allowed to be used)
n. the worship of sarasvatī- (observed as a holiday on the fifth of the light half of the month māgha- and therefore also called vasanta-pañcamī-, on which day books and writing implements are held sacred and not allowed to be used)
ās- ([ etc.]) , or ap-sar/ā- ([AV. etc.]), f. (fr. 2. /ap-+sṛ-),"going in the waters or between the waters of the clouds", a class of female divinities (sometimes called"nymphs";they inhabit the sky, but often visit the earth;they are the wives of the gandharva-s(q.v)and have the faculty of changing their shapes at will;they are fond of the water;one of their number, rambhā-, is said to have been produced at the churning of the ocean).
() n.Name of a lake or pool, supposed to have been produced by manda-karṇi- (śātakarṇi-) through the power of his penance (so called because under it mandakarṇi- formed a secret chamber for 5 apsaras- who had seduced him).
() n.Name of a lake or pool, supposed to have been produced by manda-karṇi- (śātakarṇi-) through the power of his penance (so called because under it mandakarṇi- formed a secret chamber for 5 apsaras- who had seduced him).
सरस् n. [सृ-असुन्] 1 A lake, pond, pool, a large sheet of water; सरसामस्मि सागरः Bg.1.24. -2 Water. -3 Speech; cf. सरस्-वती. -Comp. -काकः (-की) A swan; L. D. B. -जम्, -जन्मन् n., -रुहम् (सरोजम्, सरोजन्मन्, सरोरुहम्) also -सरसिजम्, सरसिरुहम् a lotus; सरसिजमनुविद्धं शैवलेनापि रम्यम् Ś.1.2; [Shri. Kṣītiśachandra Chatterji points out in Mañjūṣā (March, 1958) that the word सरसिजम् has been used in the sense of 'a lotus' probably for the first time by Kālidāsa. According to lexicographers the word सरसिज is met with first in the Suśruta Saṁhitā (1.46. 124) as an adjective qualifying मत्स्याः; Bhāravi uses the word in the sense of 'a land lotus in उत्फुल्लस्थल- नलिनीवनादमुष्मादुद्धूतः सरसिजसंभवः परागः. Three stages of being यौगिक, योगरूढ and रूढ are thus clearly seen in the history of the word.]; सरोरुहद्युतिमुषः पादांस्तवासेवितुम् Ratn. 1.3. -जः (also -सरसिजः) Sārasa bird. (-सरोजिन् m. an epithet of Brahman). -जिनी, -रुहिणी 1 a lotus plant; भ्रमर कथं वा सरोजिनीं त्यजसि Bv.1.1. -2 a pond abounding in lotuses. -3 a multitude of lotuses. -4 a lotus. -रक्षः (सरोरक्षः) the guardian of a pool. -रुह् (सरोरुह्) n. a lotus. -वरः (सरोवरः) a lake.
सरस्वती 1 N. of the goddess of speech and learning, and represented as the wife of Brahman; परस्पर- विरोधिन्योरेकसंश्रयदुर्लभम् । संगतं श्रीसरस्वत्योर्भूतये$स्तु सदा सताम् ॥ V.5.24. -2 Speech, voice, words; इति देहविमुक्तये स्थितां रतिमाकाशभवा सरस्वती ... अन्वकम्पयत् Ku.4.39,43; R. 15.46. -3 N. of a river (which is lost in the sands of the great desert). -4 A river in general. -5 A cow; ŚB. on MS.1.3.49; Vāj.8.43. -6 An excellent woman. -7 N. of Durgā. -8 N. of a female divinity peculiar to the Buddhists. -9 The Soma plant. -1 The plant called ज्योतिष्मती.
अप्सरस् f. (-राः, रा). [अद्भ्यः सरन्ति उद्गच्छन्ति, सृ-असुन् Uṇ.4.236; cf. Rām. अप्सु निर्मथनादेव रसात्तस्माद्वर- स्त्रियः । उत्पेतुर्मनुजश्रेष्ठ तस्मादप्सरसो$भवन् ॥ A class of female divinities or celestial damsels who reside in the sky and are regarded as the wives of the Gandharvas. They are very fond of bathing, can change their shapes, and are endowed with superhuman power (प्रभाव).
They are called स्वर्वेश्याः and are usually described as the servants of Indra, who, when alarmed by the rigorous austerities of some mighty sage, sends down one of them to disturb his penance, and her mission is generally successful; मेनका$प्सरसां श्रेष्ठा महर्षिणां पिता च ते Mb.1.74.75. cf. या तपोविशेषपरिशङ्कितस्य सुकुमारं प्रहरणं महेन्द्रस्य V. 1. They are also said to covet heroes who die gloriously on the battle-field; cf. परस्परेण क्षतयोः प्रहर्त्रोरुत्क्रान्तवाय्वोः समकालमेव । अमर्त्यभावे$पि कयोश्चिदासीदेकाप्सरः प्रार्थितयोर्विवादः ॥ R.7.53. Bāṇa mentions 14 different families of these nymphs (see K.136) The word is usually said to be in pl. (स्त्रियां बहुष्वप्सरसः) but the singular, as also the form अप्सराः, sometimes occurs; नियमविघ्नकारिणी मेनका नाम अप्सराः प्रेषिता Ś.1; एकाप्सरः &c. R.7.53 and see Malli. thereon; अनप्सरेव प्रतिभासि V.1. -2 Direction or the intermediate point of the compass (दिक् च उपदिक् च). -Comp. -तीर्थम् N. of a sacred pool in which the Apsarasas bathe; probably it is the name of a place, see Ś.6. -पतिः lord of the Apsarasas, epithet of Indra. N. of the Gandharva शिखण्डिन्; Av.4.37.7.
a. produced or living in pools; n. lotus; -ganman, m. ep. of Brah man; -ga-mukhî, f. lotus-faced woman; -ga½akshî, f. lotus-eyed woman; -ruha, n. lotus.
n. bank of a pool; (sár as)-vat, a. (C., rare) abounding in or having come into contact with pools; having a taste for, delighting in (lc.); m. N. of a divinity of the upper region, guardian of the waters, bestower of fertility (V.); N. of a male deity corresponding to Sarasvatî (YV.); ocean (C., rare): -î, f. region abounding in pools (E., rare); N. of a large river flowing into the sea and of its tutelary deity (V.); N. of a small sacred river which with the Dri shadvatî forms the boundary of Brahmâvar ta and loses itself in a sandy desert, but is supposed to flow underground and join the Ganges and Yamunâ (V., C.); N. of various other rivers; N. of one of the three goddesses in the Âprî hymns (V.); goddess of speech (V., C.); in C. she is at enmity with Srî (or Lakshmî), wealth and eloquence or learning being rarely combined, wife of Vishnu, also a N. of Durgâ; C.: speech; eloquence; ce lestial or oracular voice; N. of one of the ten mendicant orders traced to Sa&ndot;karâkârya, its members adding the word Sarasvatî to their names: -kantha½âbharana, n.necklace of Sarasvatî; T. of a work on poetics as cribed to Bhogadeva, -vat, V. a. accom panied by Sarasvatî.
Is the name of a river frequently mentioned in the Rigveda and later. In many passages of the later texts it is certain the river meant is the modern Sarasvatī, which loses itself in the sands of Patiala (see Vinaśana). Even Roth admits that this river is intended in some passages of the Rigveda. With the Drṣadvatī it formed the western boundary of Brahmāvarta (see Madhyadeśa). It is the holy stream of early Vedic India. The Sūtras mention sacrifices held on its banks as of great importance and sanctity. In many other passages of the Rigveda, and even later, Roth held that another river, the Sindhu (Indus), was really meant: only thus could it be explained why the Sarasvatī is called the ‘foremost of rivers’ (nadītamā), is said to go to the ocean, and is referred to as a large river, on the banks of which many kings, and, indeed, the five tribes, were located. This view is accepted by Zimmer and others. On the other hand, Lassen and Max Muller maintain the identity of the Vedic Sarasvatī with the later Sarasvatī. The latter is of opinion that in Vedic times the Sarasvatī was as large a stream as the Sutlej, and that it actually reached the sea either after union with the Indus or not, being the 'iron citadel,’ as the last boundary on the west, a frontier of the Panjab against the rest of India. There is no conclusive evidence of there having been any great change in the size or course of the Sarasvatī, though it would be impossible to deny that the river may easily have diminished in size. But there are strong reasons to accept the identification of the later and the earlier Sarasvatī throughout. The insistence on the divine character of the river is seen in the very hymn which refers to it as the support of the five tribes, and corresponds well with its later sacredness. Moreover, that hymn alludes to the Pārāvatas, a people shown by the later evidence of the Pañcavimśa Brāhmaṇa to have been in the east, a very long way from their original home, if Sarasvatī means the Indus. Again, the Pūrus, who were settled on the Sarasvatī, could with great difficulty be located in the far west. Moreover, the five tribes might easily be held to be on the Sarasvatī, when they were, as they seem to have been, the western neighbours of the Bharatas in Kurukçetra, and the Sarasvatī could easily be regarded as the boundary of the Panjab in that sense. Again, the ‘seven rivers’ in one passage clearly designate a district: it is most probable that they are not the five rivers with the Indus and the Kubhā (Cabul river), but the five rivers, the Indus and the Sarasvatī. Nor is it difficult to see why the river is said to flow to the sea: either the Vedic poet had never followed the course of the river to its end, or the river did actually penetrate the desert either completely or for a long distance, and only in the Brāhmaṇa period was its disappear ance in the desert found out. It is said, indeed, in the Vājasaneyi Samhitā21 that the five rivers go to the Sarasvatī, but this passage is not only late (as the use of the word Deśa shows), but it does not say that the five rivers meant are those of the Panjab. Moreover, the passage has neither a parallel in the other Samhitās, nor can it possibly be regarded as an early production; if it is late it must refer to the later Sarasvatī. Hillebrandt,22 on the whole, adopts this view of the Saras¬vatī,23 but he also sees in it, besides the designation of a mythical stream, the later Vaitaraṇī,24 as well as the name of the Arghandab in Arachosia.25 This opinion depends essentially on his theory that the sixth Mandala of the Rigveda places the scene of its action in Iranian lands, as opposed to the seventh Maṇdala: it is as untenable as that theory itself. Brunn-hofer at one time accepted the Iranian identification, but later decided for the Oxus, which is quite out of the question. See also Plakṣa Prāsravaṇa.
copayāmaś ca kāṭaś cārṇavaś ca dharṇasiś ca draviṇaṃ ca bhagaś cāntarikṣaṃ ca sindhuś ca samudraś ca sarasvāṃś ca viśvavyacāś ca te yaṃ dviṣmo yaś ca no dveṣṭi tam eṣāṃ jambhe dadhma svāhā # ApMB.1.10.7 (ApG.3.8.10).
agneḥ sendrasya saprajāpatikasya saṛṣikasya saṛṣirājanyasya sapitṛkasya sapitṛrājanyasya samanuṣyasya samanuṣyarājanyasya sākāśasya sātīkāśasya sānūkāśasya sapratīkāśasya sadevamanuṣyasya sagandharvāpsaraskasya sahāraṇyaiś ca paśubhir grāmyaiś ca yan ma ātmana ātmani vrataṃ tan me sarvavratam idam aham agne sarvavrato bhavāmi svāhā # AG.3.9.1. See yad brāhmaṇānāṃ.
noun (neuter) a lake (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a trough (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
large sheet of water (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pail (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pond (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pool (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
speech (a meaning given to account ) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
tank (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
water (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
adjective beautiful (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
charming (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
containing sap (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
elegant (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
enamoured (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
expressive of poetical sentiment (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
fresh (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
full of love or desire (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
gracious (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
impassioned (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
juicy (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
moist (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
new (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
passionate (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pithy (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
potent (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
powerful (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
tasting like (comp.) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
tasty (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
wet (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
with mercury Frequency rank 8044/72933
noun (neuter) saras (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a lake (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pond (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pool (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (masculine) a buffalo (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a river (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a divinity belonging to the upper region (considered as offspring of the water and plants) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a male deity corresponding to Sarasvatī (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a river (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
the sea (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (feminine) a celestial or oracular voice (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a cow (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
a region abounding in pools and lakes (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
an excellent woman (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
Cardiospermum Halicacabum (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
Egle Marmelos (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
eloquence (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
learning wisdom (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a poetess (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a river (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a twoyear-old girl representing Durgā at her festival (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a well-known small river (held very sacred by the Hindūs) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of the goddess of eloquence and learning (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of various other women (esp. of the wives of Dadhica) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of various rivers (esp. of rivers which in sacredness are equal to Sarasvatī) (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
Ruta Graveolens (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
speech or the power of speech (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
noun (feminine) a pool (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
lake (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
name of a metre (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
pond (Monier-Williams, Sir M. (1988))
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