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| abhidruh | -dr/uhyati- (Aorist subjunctive 3. plural -druhan-; perf. 1. p. -dudr/oha-) to hate, seek to injure or maliciously assail  etc.: Desiderative (p. -dudrukṣat-) idem or ' ind.p. having attacked.'  |
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| abhidruh | mfn. seeking to injure, inimical (Nominal verb -dhr/uk-) (see /an-abhidruh-.) |
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| abhihrut | f. (ablative -hr/utas-) fall, damage, injury |
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| abhīruṇa | ([ ]) or a-bhīr/uṇa- ([ ]), mfn. not terrific. |
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| adruh | (Nominal verb a-dhr/uk-) mfn. free from malice or treachery |
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| agnirūpa | n. (agni-r/ūpa-) a shape of fire |
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| agrū | Nominal verb f. plural agr/uvas- poetical Name of the ten fingers |
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| antakadruh | Nominal verb -dhr/uk- f. demon of death |
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| anurudh | mfn. adhering to, loving (see anū-r/udh-.) |
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| apāmaṃbhaviṣṇu | mfn. not becoming diseased with herpes (see pāmaṃ-bhaviṣṇ/u-.) |
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| aram | ind. (with pur/u-,or prith/u-) enough, sufficiently with dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' (bhaktaya-) idem or 'ind. ( ṛ-;See ara-), readily, fitly, suitably, so as to answer a purpose (with dative case) ' ([ confer, compare /alam-and Greek ]) . |
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| āruh | P. -rohati- (Aorist -rukṣat-and Vedic or Veda -ruhat-[ ]; infinitive mood -r/uham- ) A1. (2. sg. /ā-rohase- ) to ascend, mount, bestride, rise up etc. ; to arise, come off, result etc. ; to venture upon, undertake ; to attain, gain etc.: Causal -rohayati- & -ropayati-, to cause to mount or ascend ; to raise etc. ; to string (a bow) etc. ; to cause to grow ; to plant etc. ; to place, deposit, fasten ; to produce, cause, effect ; to attribute etc.: Desiderative P. -rurukṣati-, to wish to ascend or mount |
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| āruj | P. -rujati- (Inf. -r/uje- ) to break up, loosen ; to pull down, tear out ; to shatter, demolish |
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| asmadruh | (Nominal verb -dhr/uh-), (Nominal verb -dhr/uk-), mfn. (fur asmad-dr/uh-by defective spelling) , forming a plot against us, inimical to us |
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| avarudh | P. (Aorist -rudhat-) to obstruct, enclose, contain , (infinitive mood -roddhum-) to check, keep back, restrain , to expel ; -ruṇaddhi-, to seclude, put aside, remove ; to shut in, (Aorist A1. avāruddha-and Passive voice avārodh-) ; to keep anything (accusative,as one's grief) locked up (in one's bosom accusative) ; (ind.p. -rudhya-) to keep one's self (ātmānam-) wrapped up in one's self (ātmani-) ; (imperfect tense avāruṇat-) to confine within, besiege : A1. -rundhe- (for nddhe- ; imperfect tense avārundha- ; ind.p. -r/udhya- ; Ved. infinitive mood -r/udham- and -rudham- ) chiefly Ved. to reach, obtain, gain: P. (parasmE-pada f. -rundhatī-; see anurudh-) to be attached to, like : Desid.A. -rurutsate-, Vedic or Veda to wish to obtain or gain etc.: Intens.P. (subjunctive 2. sg. -rorudhas-) to expel from (the dominion) |
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| babhrudhūta | (bhr/u--) mfn. pressed out by babhru- (as soma-) |
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| babhrukarṇa | (bhr/u--) mf(/ī-)n. brown-eared |
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| babhruloman | (bhr/u--) mf(mnī-)n. brown-haired |
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| babhrunīkāśa | (bhr/u--) mfn. appearing or looking brownish |
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| caravya | See car/u-. |
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| cariṣṇudhūma | (ṣṇ/u--) mfn. having moving smoke |
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| daṃsu | mfn. only in compound , = , Latin densus (for the change of meaning confer, compare gur/u-& etc.) |
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| darvi | f. "wooden (see dr/u-) ", a ladle (vocative case ve-, ; see Va1rtt. 2 ) |
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| dharuṇahvara | (r/uṇa--) mfn. trembling in its foundations or receptacle |
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| dhṛṣṇuṣeṇa | mfn. (ṇ/u--) having a resistless weapon (indra- or the marut-s) |
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| dhrut | See varuṇa-dhr/ut-. |
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| druh | cl.4 P. dr/uhyati- (Epic and metr. also A1. te-) etc. (perfect tense dudrbha- , hitha- ; Aorist adruhat-,Gr., subjunctive 2 sg. druhas- plural druhan-[with mā-] sg. adrukshas- ; future dhrokṣyati- , drohiṣyati- ; drogdhā-, droḍhā-or drohitā- grammar; infinitive mood drogdhavai- ; ind.p. drugdhvā-, drochitvā-, druhitvā- grammar; -druhya- ) to hurt, seek to harm, be hostile to (dative case;rarely genitive case [ ] locative case [ ] or acc.[ ]) ; absol. to bear malice or hatred ; to be a foe or rival : Causal drohayati-: Desiderative dudrohiṣati-, dudruh- grammar ; dudrukṣat- (confer, compare abhi--and dudhrukṣu-). ([Orig. dhrugh-; confer, compare Zend druj; German triogan,tru1gen.]) |
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| druhu | mf. = dr/uh-2 |
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| gaṇā | f. Name of one of the mothers in skanda-'s retinue (see ahar--, mar/ud--, v/ṛṣa--, s/a--, sapt/a--, s/arva--; deva--, mahā--,and vida-gaṇ/a-.) |
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| garaṇavat | mfn. occupied in swallowing (used for the etymology of gar/utmat-) |
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| gariman | m. (fr. gur/u- ) heaviness, weight |
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| gariṣṭha | mfn. (superl. fr. gur/u- ) heaviest, excessively heavy |
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| garīyas | mfn. (; Comparative degree fr. gur/u- ) heavier |
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| gartāruh | mfn. (Nominal verb -r/uk-,the final vowel of garta-being lengthened before r-) ascending the seat of a war-chariot, . |
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| garutmat | mfn. (gar/ut--) (in veda- only found in connection with su-parṇ/a-,and apparently applied to a heavenly bird or to the sun) winged (?) |
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| gārutmata | mfn. (fr. gar/ut-mat-), coming from or sacred or relating to the bird garuḍa- |
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| gavyūti | f. (g/av--) ( Va1rtt.2 f.) a pasture, piece of pasture land, district, place of residence (see a--, ur/u--, dūr/e--, paro--, svast/i--) |
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| giri | m. (for gari-, Zend gairi confer, compare gur/u-, g/arīyas-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ) a mountain, hill, rock, elevation, rising-ground (often connected with p/arvata-,"a mountain having many parts"[ confer, compare p/arvan-] ) etc. |
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| gurudaivata | n. equals gur/u-devata- |
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| gurv | in compound for r/u- q.v |
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| gurvī | f. of r/u-. |
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| haridru | (har/i--) mfn. moving in the yellow (soma-;said of the soma--stones) (more correctly accentuated hari-dr/u-). |
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| hvara | See dhar/uṇa-hvara-. |
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| indraśatru | m. " indra-'s enemy (in this sense the accent is indra-- śatr/u- confer, compare Introduction parasmE-pada xviii)", Name of prahlāda- (with both the meanings) . |
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| kāravya | See 2. kār/u-. |
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| kārudhāyas | (kār/u--) mfn. favouring or supporting the singer |
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| kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) |
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| kṛ | cl.3 P. parasmE-pada cakr/at- (Potential 2. sg. cakriyās-; Aorist 1. sg. akārṣam-[ ] or akāriṣam-[ ]) , to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (genitive case) : Intensive (1. sg. carkarmi-,1. plural carkirāma-,3. plural carkiran-; imperative 2. sg. carkṛt/āt-and carkṛdhi-; Aorist 3. sg. A1. c/arkṛṣe-) idem or 'mfn. (proper Passive voice p.) being done etc.' (see kār/u-, kīr/i-, kīrt/i-.) |
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| krauñca | mfn. (fr. kr/uñca- gaRa prajñādi-),"curlew-like", with vyūha- equals cāruṇa- |
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| kru | See mitra-kr/u-. |
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| krudh | cl.4 P. kr/udhyati- (Epic rarely A1. te- ;(See also krudhyamāna-); perf. cukrodha- etc.; future 2nd krotsyati- ; future 1st kroddhā- ; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. krudhas- ; infinitive mood kroddhum- ), to become angry, be wrathful or angry with (dative case [ ] or genitive case), on account of (locative case): Causal krodh/ayati- (Aorist /acukrudhat- ; subjunctive 1. sg. cukrudham-,1. plural dhāma-), to make angry, provoke, irritate (infinitive mood krodhayitum-); ([ confer, compare Lithuanian rus-tus,"angry";rus-tybe7"anger" ; Greek German groll; Hibernian or Irish corruidhe,"anger, wrath, motion";corruigh,"fury, resentment."]) |
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| kṣṇut | See anyataḥ-- and ubhayataḥ-kṣṇ/ut-. |
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| marīci | mf. (m.only in ;prob. connected with mar/ut- q.v) a particle of light, shining mote or speck in the air |
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| marudvṛdha | mfn. (mar/ud--) rejoicing in the wind or in the marut-s |
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| marutsakhi | mf(ā-). (mar/ut--;only Nominal verb mf. -sakhā-), having the marut-s for friends |
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| marutstotra | (mar/ut--) mfn. (a place) in which praise of the marut-s is common |
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| maruttama | mfn. (mar/ut--) very or altogether equal to the marut-s, as swift as the marut-s (said of the aśvin-s) |
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| marutvat | mfn. (mar/ut--) attended by the marut-s |
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| mitradrohin | mfn. equals -dr/uh- |
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| parāṇud | ( nud-) P. A1. -ṇud/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -ṇ/ude-) to push or drive away, banish, remove |
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| pariśrut | f. equals -sr/ut- |
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| parisrut | f. a kind of intoxicating liquor prepared from herbs ( parisrunmat sr/un-mat- mfn.possessing it ) |
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| prā | cl.2 P. () prāti- (perfect tense P. papr/au-or paprā-,2. sg. paprātha-, parasmE-pada papriv/as- f. pr/uṣī- ; A1. papre-,2. sg. priṣe- ; papre-as Passive voice,Bhatt aor 3. sg. aprāt-or aprās- ; subjunctive pr/ās-or pr/āsi- ; Aorist Passive voice aprāyi- ), to fill [ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin ple1-nus.] |
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| pruṣ | (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') See abhra-- and ghṛta-pr/uṣ-. |
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| pruṣvā | f. (or pr/uṣvā-) a drop of water, hoar-frost, ice |
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| prut | (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') See antarikṣa--, uda--, upari-- and kṛṣṇa-pr/ut-. |
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| puru | mf(pūrv/ī-)n. ( pṝ-) much, many, abundant (only purū-, r/ūṇi-, rūṇām-and several cases of f. pūrvī-;in later language only in the beginning of a compound) etc. (r/u-.much, often, very [also with a Comparative degree or superl.];with simā-,everywhere;with tir/as-,far off, from afar; purār/u-,far and wide; pur/u v/iśva-,one and all, every ) |
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| puruṇāman | (pur/u--.) mfn. having many names (said of indra-) |
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| pūrvī | f. See pur/u-. |
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| reṇukakāṭa | (reṇ/u--) mfn. whirling up dust (?) (others"having the head covered with dust"; see kakāṭikā-). |
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| ru | cl.2 P. (; confer, compare ) rauti- or ravīti- (Vedic or Veda also ruv/ati-and ravoti-, te-; parasmE-pada r/uvat-, ravat-, ravamāṇa-, ravāṇa-; perfect tense rurāva- ; ruruvire- ; Aorist /arāvīt- ; preceding rūyāt- grammar; future ravitā-or rotā- ; raviṣyati- ; infinitive mood ravitum- , rotum- ), to roar, bellow, howl, yelp, cry aloud etc. ; to make any noise or sound, sing (as birds) , hum (as bees) etc. ; (rauti-) to praise : Causal rāvayati- (Aorist arūruvat-with the sense of the Intensive ;or arīravat- ), to cause to bellow or roar, cause an uproar etc. : Desiderative of Causal rirāvayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative rurūṣati- : Intensive (Ved.) r/oravīti- (parasmE-pada r/oruvat-and r/oruvāṇa-) or (Epic) rorūyate-, ti- or (grammar) roroti-. to bellow or roar etc. loudly, scream aloud, vociferate. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin raucus; Anglo-Saxon ry7n.] |
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| rud | mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), weeping, crying etc. (See aghar/ud-and bhava-rud-) |
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| rudh | cl.7 P. A1. () ruṇ/addhi-, runddh/e- (1. plural -rudhmas- ; rundhati-, te- etc.; rodhati- perfect tense rurodha-, rurudhe- etc.; rurundhatuḥ- ; Aorist araut- ; arautsīt- etc.; rotsīs- ; arutsi-, aruddha- ; arautsi- ; arodham- ; arudhma- ; parasmE-pada rudh/at- see 1. rudh-; arudhat- etc.; preceding rudhyāt- ; future roddhā- grammar; rotsyati-, te- etc. infinitive mood roddhum-or rodhitum- ; roddhos- ; ind.p. ruddhvā- etc.; -r/udhya- etc.; -rundhya- ; -r/udham- ; -r/undham- ; -rodham- ), to obstruct, check, arrest, stop, restrain, prevent, keep back, withhold (always with na-), etc. ; to avert, keep off, repel (see rudhat-under1. rudh-) ; to shut, lock up, confine in (locative case) etc. (according to to also with double accusative) ; to besiege, blockade, invest etc. ; to close, block up (a path) ; to cover, conceal, veil, obscure etc. ; to stop up, fill ; to lay (dust) ; to touch, move (the heart) ; to torment, harass ; to lose, be deprived of (accusative) ; to tear, rend asunder (?) : Causal rodhayati- (Epic also te-and rundhayati-; Aorist arūrudhat-; Passive voice rodhyate-), to stop, arrest ; to cause to be confined by (accusative) ; to cause to be besieged by (instrumental case) ; to close (with a cover or lid) ; to fetter, enchain, influence ; to oppress, torment, harass : Desiderative rorutsate- (), ti- (), to wish to obstruct etc.: Intensive rorudhyate-, roroddhi-, to obstruct intensely or repeatedly etc. grammar (only rorudhaḥ- ) |
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| rudhira | (r/u-) n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) blood etc. |
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| ruh | (see,1. rudh-) cl.1 P. ( ) r/ohati- (mc. also te-and ruhati-, te-; Vedic or Veda and Epic imperfect tense or Aorist aruhat-; Potential ruheyam-, -ruhethās-, -ruhemahi-; imperative ruha-, parasmE-pada r/uhāṇa-; perfect tense ruroha-, ruruh/uḥ- etc.; ruruhe- ; Aorist /arukṣat- etc.; future roḍhā- grammar; rokṣy/ati-, te- etc.; rohiṣye- ; infinitive mood roḍhum- etc.; rohitum- ; r/ohiṣyai- ; ind.p. rūḍhv/ā- , -r/uhya- etc.; -rūhya- ; -r/uham- ; -r/oham- ), to ascend, mount, climb ; to reach to, attain (a desire) ; to rise, spring up, grow, develop, increase, prosper, thrive etc. etc. (with na-,"to be useless or in vain" ) ; to grow together or over, cicatrize, heal (as a wound) etc.: Causal roh/ayati- or (later) ropayati-, te- (Aorist arūruhat-or arūrupat- grammar; Passive voice ropyate- Aorist aropi- ), to cause to ascend, raise up, elevate ; to place in or on, fix in, fasten to, direct towards (with accusative or locative case) ; to transfer to, commit, entrust (see ropita-) ; to put in the ground, plant, sow ; to lay out (a garden) ; to cause to grow, increase ; to cause to grow over or heal : Desiderative r/urukṣati- See ā-ruh-: Intensive roruhyate-, roroḍhi- grammar |
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| ruj | cl.6 P. () ruj/ati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense rur/oja- etc.; Aorist 2. sg. rok- ; ruk- ; araukṣīt- grammar; future roktā-, rokṣyati- ; infinitive mood -r/uje- ; ind.p. ruktv/ā-, -r/ujya- ), to break, break open, dash to pieces, shatter, destroy etc. ; to cause pain, afflict, injure (with accusative or genitive case; confer, compare ) etc. etc.: Causal rojayati- (Aorist arūrujat-), to cause to break etc. ; to strike upon (locative case) ; (cl.10. ) to hurt, injure, kill: Desiderative rurukṣati- grammar (See rurukṣ/aṇi-): Intensive rorujyate-, rorokti-, grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin lugeo.]) |
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| rukkāma | (r/uk--) mfn. desiring splendour, eager for lustre |
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| rukmat | (r/uk--) mfn. possessed of brightness, shining (said of agni-) |
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| rup | (confer, compare lup-) cl.4 P. () r/upyati- (perfect tense ruropa- Aorist arupat-etc. grammar), to suffer violent or racking pain (in the abdomen) ; to violate, confound, disturb : Causal ropayati- (Aorist arūrupat-), to cause acute or violent pain ; to break off [ confer, compare Latin rumpere; Anglo-Saxon reo4fan; German roubo7n,rauben; English reave.] |
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| ruruśīrṣan | (r/uru--) mfn. "deer-headed", having a deer's horn or a destructive point (said of an arrow) |
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| ruśad | in compound for 2. r/uśat-. |
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| ruśadgu | mfn. (r/uśad--) having white or bright cattle |
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| ruśadūrmi | (r/uśad--) mfn. having glistening waves |
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| ruśadvatsa | (r/u-śad--) mfn. having white calves |
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| ruśatpaśu | (r/uśat--) mfn. having white cattle |
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| sasyad | equals -sr/ut-. |
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| śru | cl.5 P. () śṛṇ/oti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. śṛṇute-,and in sg. śṛṇv/e-,2. sg. viṣ/e-,3. plural vir/e-[ confer, compare below]; imperative śṛṇu-, ṇudh/ī-and ṇuh/ī- plural śṛṇut/ā-, ṇota-and ṇotana- ; perfect tense śuśr/āva-[once in with pass. sense], śuśruve-[2. sg. śuśrotha-,1. plural śuśruma-,in also mas-; śuśravat-, śuśrūy/ās- , parasmE-pada śuśruv/as- q.v ]; Aorist Ved. /aśravam-, /aśrot-,2. sg. śr/oṣi-; subjunctive śr/avat-, vathaḥ-;[?] śruvam- ; imperative śrudh/ī-, śr/otu- ; aśrauṣīt- etc.; subjunctive śroṣan- imperative śroṣantu- [ confer, compare śr/oṣamāṇa-]; preceding śrūy/āsam- etc.; future śrotā- ; śroṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śrotum- etc.; ind.p. śrutv/ā- etc.; -śr/utya- etc.; śrāvam- etc.) , to hear, listen or attend to anything (accusative), give ear to any one (accusative or genitive case), hear or learn anything about (accusative) or from (ablative genitive case instrumental case, mukhāt-or śakāśāt-), or that anything is (two accusative) etc. ; to hear (from a teacher), study, learn etc. ; to be attentive, be obedient, obey etc.: Passive voice śrūy/ate- (Epic also ti-;and in śṛṇve-etc.[ confer, compare above] with pass. meaning; Aorist aśrāvi-, śrāvi-), to be heard or perceived or learnt about (accusative) or from (genitive case ablative or mukhāt-;in later language often 3. sg. śrūyate- impersonal or used impersonally"it is heard","one hears or learns or reads in a book", ="it is said","it is written in (with locative case)"; imperative śrūyatām-,"let it be heard"="listen!") etc. ; to be celebrated or renowned, be known as, pass for, be called (Nominal verb) ; to be heard or learnt (from a teacher) ; to be taught or stated (in a book) ; to be heard id est pronounced or employed (as a sound or word) : Causal śrāv/ayati- (Epic also te-,in also śrav/ayati-; Aorist aśuśravi-, vuḥ- ; aśuśruvat- ; aśiśravat- grammar; Passive voice śrāvyate-See below) , to cause to be heard or learnt, announce, proclaim, declare etc. ; to cause to hear, inform, instruct, communicate, relate, tell (with accusative of thing, and accusative genitive case,or dative case of Persian,or with instrumental case in sense of "through") etc.: Passive voice of Causal śrāvyate-, to be informed of (accusative) etc.: Desiderative ś/uśrūṣate- (; Epic or mc. also ti-; Passive voice śuśrūṣyate-), to wish or like to hear (accusative), desire to attend or listen to (dative case) etc. ; to attend upon, serve, obey (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc.: Causal of Desiderative śuśrūṣayati-, to wait upon, be at the service of (accusative) on : Desiderative of Causal śiśrāvayiṣati- or śuśrāvayiṣati- grammar : Intensive śośrūyate-, śośravīti-, śośroti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , equals śrudh/i-, equals śrut/a-etc.; Latin cluo,in-clutus; Slavonic or Slavonian sluti; German laut; English loud.]) |
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| śrū | (for 2. śrū-See column 2) . See deva-śr/ū-. |
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| śru | (only in śr/uvat-;generally an incorrect form of sru-), to dissolve into parts, burst asunder |
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| sruc | f. (Nominal verb sr/uk-;prob. connected with sru-and sruv/a-) a sort of large wooden ladle (used for pouring clarified butter on a sacrificial fire;and properly made of palāśa- or khadira- wood and about as long as an arm, with a receptacle at the end of the size of a hand;three are enumerated, viz. juh/ū-, upabh/ṛt-,and dhruv/ā-,in which order they are used in sg. dual number,and plural) |
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| sruh | See vi-sr/uh-. |
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| śruṇa | See su-śr/uṇa-. |
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| śruṣṭigu | (śr/uṣṭi--) mfn. Name of a ṛṣi- (having the patronymic kāṇva- and author of ) |
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| śrutkarṇa | (śr/ut--) mfn. one who has hearing ears, quick to hear |
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| sruva | m. (see sr/uc-) a small wooden ladle (with a double extremity, or two oval collateral excavations, used for pouring clarified melted butter into the large ladle or sruk- [see sr/uc-];sometimes also employed instead of the latter in libations) etc. |
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| suśruk | See -śr/ut-. |
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| suśrut | mfn. (Nominal verb -śr/uk-), hearing well |
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| śvaśurī | f. for śvaśr/ū- See below. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin socer; Lithuanian sze4szuras; Slavonic or Slavonian svekru8; Gothic swaihra; Anglo-Saxon sweo4r; German swe0her,Schwa0her.] |
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| taruṇaka | n. a sprout, (r/ūṇ-) |
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| tṝ | cl.1 P. (rarely A1.) t/arati- (subjunctive t/arat- imperfect tense /atarat-, parasmE-pada t/arat- infinitive mood tar/adhyai-, rīṣ/ani- ) cl.5. tarute- (; Potential 1. plural turyāma-, ) cl.3. titarti- (; parasmE-pada Nominal verb plural t/itratas- ; Potential tutury/āt-, ) , with prepositions Vedic or Veda chiefly cl.6 P. A1. (tir/ate- subjunctive tirāti- imperfect tense /atirat-, parasmE-pada tir/at- infinitive mood t/iram-, t/ire- ; Aorist /atārīt-, ;1. plural riṣma- , rima- ; t/aruṣante- , ta-i, ṣema- [ confer, compare ]; A1.and Passive voice -tāri- ; P. atārṣīt- ; ṣam- ; perfect tense tatāra- etc.;3. plural titirur-, ; teritha-, ratur- ; parasmE-pada titirv/as- genitive case tatar/uṣas- ; future tariṣyati-, rīṣ-, taritā-, rītā-[ confer, compare pra-t/ar-] ; t/arutā- ; preceding tīryāt-, tariṣīṣṭa- ; infinitive mood tartum- ; rīt- rit- ; ind.p. tīrtv/ā- ; -t/ūrya-See vi--) to pass across or over, cross over (a river), sail across etc. ; to float, swim ; to get through, attain an end or aim, live through (a definite period), study to the end etc. ; to fulfil, accomplish, perform ; to surpass, overcome, subdue, escape etc. ; to acquire, gain, ; A1. to contend, compete ; to carry through or over, save, : Causal tārayati- (parasmE-pada r/ayat-) to carry or lead over or across etc. ; to cause to arrive at ; to rescue, save, liberate from (ablative) etc.: Desiderative titīrṣati- (also titariṣati-, rīṣ- ; parasmE-pada A1. titīrṣamāṇa- ) to wish to cross or reach by crossing : Intensive tartarīti- (2. dual number rīthas-; parasmE-pada genitive case t/arilratas-[ ];See also vi--; tātarti-, Scholiast or Commentator) to reach the end by passing or running or living through ; ([ confer, compare t/ara-, tir/as-, tīrṇ/a-; Latin termo,trans; Gothic thairh.]) |
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| urudhāra | (ur/u-) mf(ā-)n. giving a broad stream, streaming abundantly |
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| urugavyūti | (ur/u-) mfn. having a wide domain or territory |
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| urukṣaya | mfn. (ur/u-kṣaya- ) occupying spacious dwellings (said of varuṇa-) (said of the marut-s) |
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| uruloka | (ur/u-) mfn. visible to a distance, ample, vast |
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| uruprathas | (and ur/uprathas-) mfn. wide-spreading, widely extended, far-spreading |
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| uruśarman | (ur/u-) mfn. finding refuge everywhere throughout the universe, widely pervading |
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| uruyuga | (ur/u-) mfn. furnished with a broad yoke |
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| urvarā | f. (probably connected with ur/u-), fertile soil, field yielding crop etc. |
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| ūrvaṣṭhīva | etc. See under ūr/u-. |
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| urvī | f. (see ur/u-),"the wide one", the wide earth, earth, soil etc. |
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| urviyā | ind. See ur/u-, . |
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| vandadvāra | wrong reading for v/ande dār/um- |
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| variman | m. (abstract noun of ur/u- q.v) expanse, |
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| variman | m. (abstract noun of ur/u- q.v) expanse, |
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| variṣṭha | mfn. (superl. of ur/u- q.v) widest, broadest, largest, most extensive |
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| varīyas | mfn. (Comparative degree of ur/u- q.v) wider, broader ("than" ablative) |
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| vipruṣ | f. (Nominal verb pr/uṭ-) a drop (of water), spark (of fire), speck, spark, small bit, atom etc. |
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| vīrudh | f. (once in m.;fr. 3. vi-+1. rudh- equals ruh- see vi-sruh-) a plant, herb (especially a creeping plant or a low shrub) etc. (vīr/udhām p/atiḥ-,"lord of plants", in applied to soma-, in to the moon) |
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| vṛ | cl.5.9.1. P. A1. () vṛṇ/oti-, vṛṇut/e- ; vṛnāti-, vriṇīte- ; v/arati-, v/arate- (mostly cl.5. and with the preposition apa-or vi-;of cl.9. only avṛṇīdhvam- ; cl.1. only in [ confer, compare also ūrṇu-]; perfect tense vav/āra-, vavr/e- etc. etc. [2. sg. vav/artha- ; vavaritha-, vavṛma-etc. grammar; parasmE-pada vavriv/as- genitive case vavavr/uṣas- ]; Aorist /avar-or /āvar-, avṛta- [1. sg. vam-,2. dual number vartam-,3. plural avran-, parasmE-pada A1. vrāṇ/a- q.v imperative vṛdhi- ]; avārīt- ; avarīṣṭa- grammar; subjunctive varṣathas- ; Potential vriyāt-, vūryāt-, variṣīṣṭa- grammar; future varītā-, varīṣyati- ; infinitive mood vartum- , varitum- , varītum- ; ind.p. vṛtv/ā- ; vṛlv/ī- ; vṛtv/āya- ; -v/ṛtya- ), to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct etc. ; to close (a door) ; to ward off, check, keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain : Passive voice vriyate- (Aorist /avāri-), to be covered or surrounded or obstructed or hindered : Causal vār/ayati-, te- (Aorist avīvarat-, /avīvarata- ; /avāvarīt- ; Passive voice vāryate- etc.) , to cover, conceal, hide, keep back, hold captive etc. ; to stop, check, restrain, suppress, hinder, prevent from (ablative or infinitive mood;rarely two accusative) etc. ; to exclude ; to prohibit, forbid ; to withhold etc.: Desiderative of Causal vivārayiṣate- : Desiderative vivarīṣati-, vuvūrṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vevrīyate-, vovūryate-, varvarti- [ confer, compare Gothic warjan; German wehren,Wehr; English weir.] |
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