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|  | | ākṝ | (2. sg. subjunctive -kir/āsi-and imperative -kirā-; parasmE-pada f. -kir/antī-) to scatter or sprinkle over, give abundantly   | | | akṣi | n. (1. aś- ) ([instr. akṣṇā- dative case akṣṇe-,etc., fr. akṣan-,substituted for akṣi-in the weakest cases. Vedic forms are: ablative genitive case akṣṇ/as-; locative case akṣ/an-(once akṣiṇi-!); dual number Nominal verb accusative akṣ/ī- , /akṣiṇī-, /akṣyau-,and akṣyau- and ; instrumental case akṣ/ībhyām-; genitive case akṣy/os- , akṣy/os-and akṣ/os-(!) ; plural Nominal verb accusative /akṣīṇi- , akṣāṇi- ; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' akṣa-is substitutedSee 4. akṣa-]), the eye | | | arvāk | ind. (gaRa svar-ādi- q.v) hither, (opposite to p/arāk-, par/as-, parastāt-) | | | bhraṃś | or bhraś- (sometimes written bhraṃs-; see bhṛś-) cl.1 A1. () bhraṃśate- (once in P. ti-) cl.4 P. (;cf. bhṛś-) bhraśyati- (Epic also A1. te- perfect tense babhraṃśa- śe- grammar; Aorist subjunctive bhraśat- ; abhraṃśiṣṭa- grammar; future bhraṃśiṣyati-, te-; bhraṃśitā- ; ind.p. bhraṃśitvā-and bhraṣṭvā- ), to fall, drop, fall down or out or in pieces etc. ; to strike against (locative case) ; to rebound from (ablative) ; to fall (figuratively), decline, decay, fail, disappear, vanish, be ruined or lost etc. ; to be separated from or deprived of, lose (ablative) etc. ; to slip or escape from (genitive case) ; to swerve or deviate from, abandon (ablative) : Causal bhraṃśayati- (or bhrāśayati-; see bhr/āśya-and ni-bhraṃś-; Aorist ababhraṃśat-; Passive voice bhraṃśyate-), to cause to fall (literally and figuratively), throw down, overthrow etc. ; to cause to disappear or be lost destroy ; to cause to escape from (ablative) ; to cause to deviate from (ablative) ; to deprive any one (accusative) of (ablative; exempli gratia, 'for example' upavāsāt-or vratāt-,"of the reward for fasting or performing any observance") etc.: Desiderative bibhraṃśiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive bābhraśyate-, bhraṣṭi- ; banībhraśyate- or bhraṃśyate- | | | car | cl.1. c/arati-, rarely te- (subjunctive c/arat-,3 plural c/arān- ; perf. cac/āra-[ etc.] , 2 sg. cacartha- ; plural cerur-,etc.; ratur- etc.; A1. cere- ; future cariṣyati-, te-; Aorist acārīt-[ ]; infinitive mood c/aritum-[ ]or cartum-[ ] , Vedic or Veda car/adhyai-[ ], c/aritave-[ ], car/ase-[ ], car/āyai-[ ], caritos-[ ]; ind.p. caritv/ā- ; cartvā- ; cīrtvā-, ; parasmE-pada c/arat-) to move one's self, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.) etc. ; to spread, be diffused (as fire) ; to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow etc. ; to behave, conduct one's self, act, live, treat (with instrumental case or locative case) etc. ; to be engaged in, occupied or busy with (instr exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/ena c-,"to be engaged in a sacrifice" ) etc. ; (with[ ]or without[ ] mithun/am-) to have intercourse with, have to do with (instrumental case) ; (with a parasmE-pada or adjective (cf. mfn.) or ind.p. or adverb) to continue performing or being (exempli gratia, 'for example' arcantaś cerur-,"they continued worshipping"; svāminam avajñāya caret-,"he may go on despising his master") etc. ; (in astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction ; to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make (exempli gratia, 'for example' vrat/āni-"to observe vows" etc.; vighnaṃ c-,"to put a hindrance"; bhaikṣaṃ c-"to beg"; vivādaṃ c-,"to be engaged in a lawsuit"; mṛgayāṃ c-,"to hunt" ; sambandhāṃś c-,"to enter into connections"; mārgaṃ cacāra bāṇaiḥ-,"he made a way with arrows"; tapasā indriyāṇi c-,to exercise one's organs with penance ) etc. ; to consume, eat (with accusative), graze ; to make or render (with double accusative) exempli gratia, 'for example' nar/endraṃ satya-sthaṃ carāma-,"let us make the king keep his word" : Causal cārayati-, to cause to move or walk about (Aorist /acīcarat-) ; to pasture ; to send, direct, turn, move etc. ; to cause any one (accusative) to walk through (accusative) ; to drive away from (ablative) ; to cause any one (accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative) ; to cause (any animal accusative) to eat ; to cause to copulate ; to ascertain (as through a spy instrumental case) ; to doubt (see vi--) : Desiderative cicariṣati-, to try to go (parasmE-pada cicarṣat-) ; to wish to act or conduct one's self ; to try to have intercourse with (instrumental case), : Intensive carcarīti- A1. or rarely ([ ]) Passive voice cañcūryate- (curīti-and cūrti- ; ind.p. cūrya- ; parasmE-pada once P. cūryat- ) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative case) etc. ; to act wantonly or coquettishly (see ) ; ([ see, etc.]) | | | citta | n. attending, observing (tir/aś citt/āni-,"so as to remain unnoticed") | | | dakṣiṇatas | ind. () from the right or south, on the right side or southward from (genitive case) etc. (with as-or bhū-,"to stand at the right side of. assist", ;with kṛ- equals ṇena-with kṛ- ;with pur/astāt-or ras-,south-east ) | | | doṣan | n. (occurring only in Nominal verb dual number dosh/aṇi1- ; genitive case sg. doṣṇ/as- ; instrumental case doṣṇā- locative case doṣṇi-[or doṣaṇi--See below] genitive case dual number doṣṇos- ;acc. plural [m. !] doṣṇas- ;the other forms are supplied by dos- q.v) the fore-arm, the lower part of the fore-foot of an animal | | | dur | f. (only d/uras- accusative Nominal verb,and dur/as-. plural) equals dvār-, a door (see 2. dura-). | | | gandharva | m. a gandharva- [though in later times the gandharva-s are regarded as a class, yet in rarely more than one is mentioned;he is designated as the heavenly gandharva-(divy/a g- ),and is also called viśvā-vasu-()and vāyu-keśa- (in plural );his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters( );his especial duty is to guard the heavenly soma-() , which the gods obtain through his intervention( ; see );it is obtained for the human race by indra-, who conquers the gandharva- and takes it by force();the heavenly gandharva- is supposed to be a good physician, because the soma- is considered as the best medicine;possibly, however, the word soma- originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly gandharva- may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon;in one passage() the heavenly gandharva- and the soma- are identified;he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (; see );he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ( );he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, yama- and yamī-() , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them();for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies();ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly gandharva-(see -gṛhīta-, -graha-);the gandharva-s as a class have the same characteristic features as the one gandharva-;they live in the sky( ) , guard the soma-( ),are governed by varuṇa- (just as the āpsarasa-s are governed by soma-) ,know the best medicines( ),regulate the course of the asterisms( ;hence twenty-seven are mentioned ),follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them( );as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to soma-, the gandharva-s, and agni-( );the wives of the gandharva-s are the āpsarasa-s(see gandharvāpsar/as-),and like them the gandharva-s are invoked in gambling with dice();they are also feared as evil beings together with the rākṣasa-s, kimīdin-s, piśāca-s, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them( );they are said to have revealed the veda-s to vāc-(; see ),and are called the preceptors of the ṛṣi-s(); purūravas- is called among them();in epic poetry the gandharva-s are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers(see )who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the āpsarasa-s to indra-'s heaven, sharing also in his battles( etc.; see );in the more systematic mythology the gandharva-s constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided(id est gods, manes, gandharva-s ;or gods, asura-s, gandharva-s, men ; see ;or gods, men, gandharva-s, āpsarasa-s, sarpa-s, and manes ;for other enumerations see [ ] etc.);divine and human gandharva-s are distinguished(;the divine or deva-gandharva-s are enumerated );another passage names 11 classes of gandharva-s();the chief or leader of the gandharva-s is named citra-ratha-();they are called the creatures of prajāpati-() or of brahmā-() or of kaśyapa- () or of the muni-s( ) or of prādhā-() or of ariṣṭā-( )or of vāc-();with jaina-s the gandharva-s constitute one of the eight classes of the vyantara-s] | | | gras | cl.1 P. A1. gr/asati-, te- (perf. Potential A1. jagrasīta- ; parasmE-pada A1.and Passive voice jagrasān/a- ), to seize with the mouth, take into the mouth, swallow, devour, eat, consume etc. ; to swallow up, cause to disappear ; to eclipse etc. ; to swallow or slur over words, pronounce indistinctly () 27 ; to suppress, stop or neglect (a lawsuit) : Causal P. grāsayati-, to cause to swallow or devour ; to consume, swallow ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin gra1-men; German gras; English grass.]) | | | jarasa | in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' equals r/as- (gaRa śarad-ādi-) See ā-jaras/am-, s/āya- | | | paraspa | mfn. (r/as-) protecting | | | prā | cl.2 P. () prāti- (perfect tense P. papr/au-or paprā-,2. sg. paprātha-, parasmE-pada papriv/as- f. pr/uṣī- ; A1. papre-,2. sg. priṣe- ; papre-as Passive voice,Bhatt aor 3. sg. aprāt-or aprās- ; subjunctive pr/ās-or pr/āsi- ; Aorist Passive voice aprāyi- ), to fill [ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin ple1-nus.] | | | prāch | incorrect for prāś- See 3. pr/ās-. | | | prāś | ( pra-- 2 aś-) P. pr/aśnāti- (rarely A1. nīte-), to eat, consume, devour, taste, enjoy etc. etc.: Causal prāśayati-, to cause to eat, feed | | | purastādbhāga | (r/ast-) mfn. one who receives his share before another | | | purastādgranthi | (r/ast-) mfn. having the knot turned towards the east | | | purastādududhāra | (r/ast-) m. a part given in advance | | | purastādupayāma | (r/ast-) mfn. preceded by the upayāma- verses (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) | | | purastāllakṣaṇa | (r/ast-) mf(ā-)n. having one's characteristic in front or at the beginning | | | purastāllakṣman | (r/ast-) mfn. marked in front or at the beginning | | | purastātpravaṇa | (r/ast-) mfn. bent forward | | | purastātpuroḍāśa | (r/ast-) mfn. preceded or accompanied by a puroḍāśa- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) | | | purastātsvāhākṛti | f. (r/ast- ) preceded by the exclamation svāhā-. | | | puru | mf(pūrv/ī-)n. ( pṝ-) much, many, abundant (only purū-, r/ūṇi-, rūṇām-and several cases of f. pūrvī-;in later language only in the beginning of a compound) etc. (r/u-.much, often, very [also with a Comparative degree or superl.];with simā-,everywhere;with tir/as-,far off, from afar; purār/u-,far and wide; pur/u v/iśva-,one and all, every ) | | | rai | m. rarely f. (fr. rā- Nominal verb r/ās- accusative r/āyam-or r/ām- instrumental case rāy/ā- dative case rāy/e-; ablative genitive case rāy/as- locative case rāy/i-; dual number r/āyau-, rābhy/ām-, rāy/os-; plural Nominal verb r/āyas-; accusative r/āyas-, rāy/as-or r/ās-; instrumental case rābh/is-; dative case ablative rābhy/as- genitive case rāy/ām- locative case rās/u-; confer, compare the cognate stems 3. rā-and ray/i-and Latin re1s,re1m), property, possessions, goods, wealth, riches | | | rasantama | m. equals r/asa-tama- | | | rasatama | (r/asa--) m. the juice of all juices, essence of essences | | | rasavat | mfn. (r/asa--) full of juice or sap, juicy, succulent, strong etc. | | | sattra | n. "session", a great soma- sacrifice (lasting according to to some, from 13 to 100 days and performed by many officiating Brahmans;also applied to any oblation or meritorious work equivalent to the performance of a sattra-; sattr/asy/arddhiḥ-Name of a sāman- ) etc. | | | sraṃs | (or sras-;sometimes written śraṃś-or śraṃs-) cl.1 A1. () sraṃsate- (Epic and mc. also ti-; perfect tense sesraṃsa-, ṃsuḥ- ;3. plural -sraṃsire- ; Aorist asrat- ; asrasat-, srasema- ; asraṃsiṣṭa- ; future sraṃsitā-, sraṃsiṣyate- grammar;Ved. infinitive mood -sr/asas-; sraṃsitum- grammar; ind.p. sraṃsitvā-, srastvā- ; -sraṃsya-, -srasya- etc.) , to fall, drop, fall down, slip off, get loose from (ablative) etc. ; to fall asunder or to pieces ; to hang down, dangle, droop ; to be broken, perish, cease ; to go : Passive voice srasyate- (Aorist asraṃsi-) grammar : Causal sraṃsayati- (Aorist asisrasat-; Passive voice sraṃsyate-), to cause to fall down, loosen etc. ; to let hang (the belly) ; to disturb, remove, destroy : Desiderative sisraṃsiṣate- grammar : Intensive sanīsrasyate-, sanīsraṃsti- (see next) . | | | svanas | See tuvi-ṣvaṇ/as-. | | | tairovirāma | m. "extending beyond (tir/as-) a pause (vir-) ", the dependant svarita- in a compound when the udātta- upon which it depends stands on the last syllable of the 1st member of the compound | | | taras | r/as- See column 1. | | | tarasat | for tr/as-, tras- q.v | | | tiraḥ | in compound for r/as-. | | | tiraḥkṛ | See r/as-kṛ-. | | | tiras | ind. so as to pass by, apart from, without, against (accusative) (r/as citt/ani-,"without the knowledge" ; r/o v/aśam-,"against the will" ) | | | tiraya | Nom. P. (fr. r/as-) yati-, to conceal, hide, prevent from appearing etc. ; to hinder, stop, restrain etc. ; to pervade | | | tiro | in compound for r/as-. | | | tiryañc | mfn. (fr. tir/as-+ añ- ; Nominal verb m. ry/aṅ- n. ry/ak- f. r/aścī-,also ryañcī- ) going or lying crosswise or transversely or obliquely, oblique, transverse (opposed to anv-/añc-), horizontal (opposed to ūrdhv/a-) etc. | | | tṝ | cl.1 P. (rarely A1.) t/arati- (subjunctive t/arat- imperfect tense /atarat-, parasmE-pada t/arat- infinitive mood tar/adhyai-, rīṣ/ani- ) cl.5. tarute- (; Potential 1. plural turyāma-, ) cl.3. titarti- (; parasmE-pada Nominal verb plural t/itratas- ; Potential tutury/āt-, ) , with prepositions Vedic or Veda chiefly cl.6 P. A1. (tir/ate- subjunctive tirāti- imperfect tense /atirat-, parasmE-pada tir/at- infinitive mood t/iram-, t/ire- ; Aorist /atārīt-, ;1. plural riṣma- , rima- ; t/aruṣante- , ta-i, ṣema- [ confer, compare ]; A1.and Passive voice -tāri- ; P. atārṣīt- ; ṣam- ; perfect tense tatāra- etc.;3. plural titirur-, ; teritha-, ratur- ; parasmE-pada titirv/as- genitive case tatar/uṣas- ; future tariṣyati-, rīṣ-, taritā-, rītā-[ confer, compare pra-t/ar-] ; t/arutā- ; preceding tīryāt-, tariṣīṣṭa- ; infinitive mood tartum- ; rīt- rit- ; ind.p. tīrtv/ā- ; -t/ūrya-See vi--) to pass across or over, cross over (a river), sail across etc. ; to float, swim ; to get through, attain an end or aim, live through (a definite period), study to the end etc. ; to fulfil, accomplish, perform ; to surpass, overcome, subdue, escape etc. ; to acquire, gain, ; A1. to contend, compete ; to carry through or over, save, : Causal tārayati- (parasmE-pada r/ayat-) to carry or lead over or across etc. ; to cause to arrive at ; to rescue, save, liberate from (ablative) etc.: Desiderative titīrṣati- (also titariṣati-, rīṣ- ; parasmE-pada A1. titīrṣamāṇa- ) to wish to cross or reach by crossing : Intensive tartarīti- (2. dual number rīthas-; parasmE-pada genitive case t/arilratas-[ ];See also vi--; tātarti-, Scholiast or Commentator) to reach the end by passing or running or living through ; ([ confer, compare t/ara-, tir/as-, tīrṇ/a-; Latin termo,trans; Gothic thairh.]) | | | trai | cl.1 A1. tr/āyate- (imperative yatām-,2. sg. yasva-and tr/āsva- plural yadhvam-and tr/ādhvam- ; Epic trāti-, trātu-, trāhi-; Aorist subjunctive trāsate-,2. dual number tr/āsāthe- preceding tr/āsīthām- ; infinitive mood trātum- etc.; ind.p. trātvā- ) to protect, preserve, cherish, defend, rescue from (genitive case or ablative) ; see pari--, saṃ--. | | | tras | cl.1. tr/asati- () , cl.4. trasyati- ( etc.; Epic also A1.; perfect tense 3. tatrasur-[ ] or tresur-[ ] ) to tremble, quiver, be afraid of (ablative genitive case,rarely instrumental case) and (parasmE-pada f. tar/asantī-) etc.: Causal trāsayati- (Epic also A1.) to cause to tremble, frighten, scare ; ([ confer, compare Zendtares;; Latin terreo.]) | | | tri | m. tr/ayas- f. Nominal verb accusative tisr/as- n. tr/īṇi- ([ tr/ī- ]) 3 etc. (tribh/is-& tis/ṛbhis-,etc. ;only once tr/ibhis-[ ] with the later accentuation, confer, compare ; genitive case trīṇ/ām-[ ; confer, compare ]and tisṝṇ/ām-[ ], later on [fr. y/a-] trayāṇām-[ ]and tisṛṇ/ām-[ against metre; confer, compare ]; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound', ) ; ([ confer, compare , Latin tres; Gothic threis;etc.]) | | | tuvīravas | Nominal verb vān- (see ) equals vi-ṣvaṇ/as- | | | usṛ | f. (2. vas-), morning light, daybreak, day (accusative plural usr/as-) | | | visraṃs | A1. -sraṃsate- (Epic also P.;Ved. infinitive mood -sr/asaḥ- see vi-sr/as-), to fall asunder, break down, collapse, be broken (as limbs), fall off, become loose or unfastened (as hair) : Causal -sraṃsayati-, to cause to fall asunder etc., let fall, loosen, untie etc. ; to betray, publish | | | visras | (prob.) f. dropping down, debility, decay (ablative sr/asaḥ-also as infinitive mood) | | | vrā | f. (fr.1. vṛ- according to to some fr. a masc. stem vra-) a heap, host, multitude (mostly vr/ās-,pl.) ( "night","dawn") | | | vraśc | (see vṛk-) cl.6 P. () vṛśc/ati- (pr. p. vṛkṇan-[?] ; perfect tense vavraśca-, citha- grammar; Aorist avraścīt-, avrākṣīt- ; vṛkṣi- ; future vraścitā-, vraṣṭā- grammar; vraściṣyati-, vrakṣyati- ; ind.p. vraścitvā- ; vṛṣṭv/ā- ; vṛktv/ī- ; -vr/aścam-, -vṛtcya- etc.), to cut down or off or asunder, cleave, hew, fell (a tree) etc. etc.: Passive voice vṛścy/ate- (in also vṛśc/ate-), to be cut down or off etc.: Causal vraścayati- (Aorist avavraścat-) grammar : Desiderative vivraściṣati-, vivrakṣati- : Intensive varīvṛścyate-, varīvṛtcīti- | | | yāvattarasam | ind. according to power or ability (y/āvat-tar/asam-). |
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