Sanskrit Dictionary

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968 results for r/a

rarely an expletive (see a-kupya-, a-pūpa-). According to

, the accent may be optionally either on the first or last syllable in certain compounds formed with a- (as /a-tīkṣṇa-or a-tīkṣṇ/a-, /a-śuci-or a-śuc/i-, /an-anna-or an-ann/a-)

abanddhra

(or defectively written a-bandhr/a-) mfn. without bonds or ligatures

abandhra

See a-banddhr/a-.

abhigṝ

-gṛṇ/āti-, to call to or address with approbation ; to join in (accusative) ; to welcome, praise ; to approve of, accept propitiously, allow.

abhijuṣ

(subjunctive -j/ujoṣat-; pr.p. -juṣāṇ/a-) to be pleased with, like

abhikṛ

to do with reference to or in behalf of

; (perf. 2. plural -cakr/a-) to procure, effect

; (with niveśaṃ-) to settle.

abhikram

(Aorist -akramīt- ind.p. -kr/amya-) to step or go near to, approach

etc. ; to attack, overpower

; to step upon ; to undertake, begin

; (with gamanāya-) to get on one's way

: Caus. -kramayati-, to bring near

abhiprapaś

(imperfect tense -pr/āpaśyat-) to look out after (accusative)

abhiprayuj

-pr/a-yuṅkte-, to seize, grasp, bring in one's possession

abhīr

( īr-), Caus. (p. -īr/ayat-) to bring near

abhirakṣ

P. A1. -r/akṣati-, te- (parasmE-pada -r/akṣamāṇa-

) to guard, protect, preserve

; "to govern or command" (see abhi-rakṣita-).

abhiram

-ramate-, to dwell

; to repose

; to delight in, be delighted

etc. Causal -r/āmayati-, to gladden

; to delight in, to be delighted.

abhisampravṛt

Caus. to change (?as a battle-field, raṇājir/am-)

abhisaṃskṛ

-s-karoti-, to shape, form

: A1. (subjunctive 1. sg. -s-kar/avai-) to render or make one's self (ātmānam-) anything (wished to be accusative)

abhiṣiṣeṇayiṣu

See abhi-ṣeṇ/a-.

abhiśrī

(3. plural -śrīṇanti-, parasmE-pada -śrīṇ/at-;plusq. 3. plural -aśiśrayuḥ-) to mix, mingle

; -śrīṇāti-,"to prepare or dress", produce, cause

; (by

placed under abhi-śri-.)

abhisvayamātṛṇṇam

ind. on the brick (used in sacrifices and called) svayamātṛṇṇ/ā- (q.v)

abhivraj

(p. -vr/ajat-) to go up to (accusative)

; (ind.p. -vrajya-) to pass through

, to go to (accusative)

abhrātṛ

mfn. brotherless

(Nominal verb sg. f. t/ā-)

(Nominal verb plural f. t/aras-)

(Nominal verb plural f. abhr/ātaras-)

(accusative sg. f. trīm-).

abhravarṣa

(abhr/a--) mfn. dripping or raining from the clouds

abhyāram

ind. (see ār/a-) near, at hand

abhyavahṛ

to throw down into water (accusative; ap/aḥ-or samudr/am-or hrad/am-)

(see abhy-ava-nī-) ; to bring near

; to take food, eat

: Causal to cause to throw down (into water)

; to attack (as an enemy)

; to take food, eat

; to cause to eat

abhyuddru

-dr/avati-, to run up to (accusative)

abhyuṣ

(imperfect tense 3. plural -uṣṇ/an-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -uṣas-) to burn, consume by fire

abrahman

mfn. without devotion (br/ahman-)

abrahman

n. not the br/ahman-

adharāttāt

(adhar/āt--) ind. below, beneath

adhivṛj

cl.7 P., -vṛṇ/akti-, to place near or over (the fire)

adhri

press-stone; gr/āvā- / adriḥ-

adhvaravat

(adhvar/a--) mfn. containing the word adhvara-

āghṛ

-jigharti- (1. sg. -jigharmi-) to sprinkle (with fat)

; to throw towards (locative case)

: Caus. -ghār/ayati-, to sprinkle

agnidaivata

n. equals -nakṣatr/a- q.v

agnidevā

f. equals -nakṣatr/a-, q.v

agnyāgāra

See agny-agār/a-.

agnyālaya

m. equals agny-agār/a-.

āgṝ

(3. plural -gṛṇ/anti-) to praise

āgrayaṇa

m. (fr. /agra-), the first soma- libation at the agniṣṭoma- sacrifice (See gr/aha-)

etc.

ahar

n. (/ahana-) Nominal verb dual number day and night

(see /ahaś ca kṛṣṇ/am /ahar /arjunam ca-,"the black and the white day" id est night and day

)

ahna

only (like ah/a-) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' for /ahan- (or /ahar-), q.v exempli gratia, 'for example' aty-ahna-, aparāhṇ/a-, pūrvāhṇ/a- etc., qq. vv.

ajākṣīra

n. see aja-kṣir/a-.

ajiraśocis

(ajir/a-.) m. having a quick light, glittering, Name of agni-, of soma-

ākṛ

-kṛṇoti- (imperative 2. sg. P. -kṛdhi-and A1. -kṛṇuṣva-; perf. A1. -cakre-) to bring near or towards

: A1. (subjunctive 1. plural -karāmahe-; imperfect tense -akṛṇuta-, perf. -cakre-, parasmE-pada -cakrāṇ/a-) to drive near or together (as cows or cattle)

: P. (imperative 2. sg. -kṛdhi-; ind.p. -k/ṛtya-) to drive near

; (perf. 1. plural -cakrim/ā-) to serve or prepare a sacrifice to (dative case)

; (imperfect tense ākarot-) to call near (a deity)

: Causal -kārayati-, to call near, invite to a place

; to ask any one (accusative) for anything (accusative)

: Desiderative -cikīrṣati-, to intend to accomplish

: Intensive parasmE-pada -c/arikrat-, attracting repeatedly towards one's self

ākṝ

(2. sg. subjunctive -kir/āsi-and imperative -kirā-; parasmE-pada f. -kir/antī-) to scatter or sprinkle over, give abundantly

ākram

P. A1. (parasmE-pada P. -krāmat-

; parasmE-pada A1. ā-kr/amamāṇa-

; Aorist ā-akramīt-

; perf. p. A1. -cakramāṇ/a-

; ind.p. -kr/amya-

etc.) to step or go near to, come towards, approach, visit

etc. ; to step or tread upon (accusative [

etc.] or locative case [

]) ; (ind.p. -kramya-) to hold fast with the hands, seize

; to attack, invade

(Inf. -kramitum-)

; (in astronomy) to eclipse

; to undertake, begin (with infinitive mood)

: A1. -kramate- (

; future parasmE-pada -kraṃsy/amāna-) to rise, mount, ascend

etc.: Causal -kramayati-, to cause to come or step near

; to cause any one (instrumental case) to enter into (accusative)

: Desiderative -cikraṃsate-, to wish to ascend

akṣ

(perhaps a kind of old Desiderative of1. aś-) cl.1.5. akṣati-, akṣṇoti- (

; future akṣiṣyati-or akṣyati-

; Aorist ākṣīt-,3. dual number ākṣiṣṭām-or āṣṭām-

; perf. ānakṣa-[

commentator or commentary ] , but A1. parasmE-pada [with the Vedic weak stem ākṣ- see perf. āś-uḥ-3. plural etc. fr.1. aś-] ākṣāṇ/a-),; to reach

; to pass through, penetrate, pervade, embrace

; to accumulate (to form the cube?)

: Causal akṣayati-, ācikṣat-, to cause to pervade

: Desiderative acikṣiṣati- or acikṣati-

akṣi

n. (1. aś-

) ([instr. akṣṇā- dative case akṣṇe-,etc., fr. akṣan-,substituted for akṣi-in the weakest cases. Vedic forms are: ablative genitive case akṣṇ/as-; locative case akṣ/an-(once akṣiṇi-!); dual number Nominal verb accusative akṣ/ī-

, /akṣiṇī-, /akṣyau-,and akṣyau-

and

; instrumental case akṣ/ībhyām-; genitive case akṣy/os-

, akṣy/os-and akṣ/os-(!)

; plural Nominal verb accusative /akṣīṇi-

, akṣāṇi-

; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' akṣa-is substitutedSee 4. akṣa-]), the eye

alaṃkaraṇa

-kūr/a- etc. See /alam-.

alaṃmanas

mfn. satisfied in mind

(see ar/amaṇas- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /aram-.)

the termination am- in the comparative and other forms used as ind. exempli gratia, 'for example' pratar/am-, etc., (gaRa svar-ādi- q.v)

amāvāsya

n. ([

]) neighbourhood

([perhaps for -vāśtya-,"lowing (of cows) at home", as the word is used together with ā-gar/a-and prati-krośa-])

ambhas

n. (see abhr/a-, /ambu-), water

etc., the celestial waters

anāṣṭra

mfn. free from dangers or dangerous opponents

(see ati-nāṣṭr/a-.)

antarābhara

See antar/ā-.

antra

n. (contr. of antara-; Greek ) , entrail, intestine (confer, compare āntr/a-)

anugra

or an-ugr/a- mf(ā-)n. not harsh or violent, mild, gentle

anukṝ

(1. sg. -kir/āmi-) to scatter along

; to strew, fill with, crowd: Passive voice -kīryate-, to become crowded or filled.

anuparicāram

ind. equals anuparikr/āmam-

anuprabhūta

mfn. passing through, penetrating, (/anu pr/a-bhuta-)

anuprās

(2 as-), -pr/āsyati-, to throw after

anupravṛj

-pr/a-vṛṇakti-, to send or throw after

anupravṛt

(imperfect tense -pr/āvartata-; perf. -vāvṛte-) to proceed along or after

anuvatsarīṇa

([

etc.]) ([

]) mfn. referring to the anuvatsar/a-.

anuvatsarīya

([

]) mfn. referring to the anuvatsar/a-.

anyatodat

mfn. equals anyatar/ato-danta- q.v

apabrū

(imperfect tense -br/avat-) to speak some mysterious or evil words upon

apagara

m. (1. gṝ-), reviler (special function of a priest at a sacrifice)

(see abhigar/a-.)

apakrānti

f. equals apa-kr/amaṇa-

apāna

m. (opposed to prāṇ/a-), that of the five vital airs which goes downwards and out at the anus

apapragā

(Aorist -pr/āgat-) to go away from, yield to

apapre

( i-), (3. pl. -pra-y/anti-,or -pr/a-yanti-;Opt. -pr/eyāt-) to go away, withdraw

aparam

ind. (/aparam-[

]or apar/am-[

]) in future, for the future

apavṛj

A1. -vriṅkte- (Imper. 2 . sg. -vṛṅkṣva-; subjunctive 1. sg. -vṛṇ/ajai-; Aorist P. 3. sg. /apāvṛk-) to turn off, drive off

; to tear off

; (with /adhvānam-) carpere viam ([

])

; to leave off, determine, fulfil

etc.: Causal -varjayati-, to quit, get rid of ; to sever, turn off from to transmit, bestow, grant

apramāyuka

See a-pr/amaya-.

aprāmisatya

( mī-with prā- equals pra- see a-pr/amaya-),"of imperishable truthfulness", unalterably true

aprāśitriya

mfn. not fit for food called prāśitr/a- (q.v)

āprath

Caus. (Aorist subjunctive 3. plural -papr/athan-

) to spread, extend.

āprayam

P. (imperative -pr/ayaccha-

) to hand over, to reach.

āprī

P. (-prīṇāti-

; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -pipr/ayas-

) to satisfy, conciliate, propitiate, please

; to address or invoke with the āprī- (See below) verses

: A1. (imperfect tense āprīṇīta-) to amuse one's self, be delighted or pleased

apsaras

ās- ([

etc.]) , or ap-sar/ā- ([AV. etc.]), f. (fr. 2. /ap-+ sṛ-),"going in the waters or between the waters of the clouds", a class of female divinities (sometimes called"nymphs";they inhabit the sky, but often visit the earth;they are the wives of the gandharva-s(q.v)and have the faculty of changing their shapes at will;they are fond of the water;one of their number, rambhā-, is said to have been produced at the churning of the ocean).

aputratā

(aputr/a--) f. sonlessness

ara

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "going" see samar/a-

ārabh

P. (only perfect tense 1. plural -rarabhm/ā-

) A1. -rabhate- (pf -rebhe-,etc.;Inf. -r/abham-and -r/abhe-

) to lay or take hold of, keep fast, cling to

etc. ; to gain a footing ; to enter, reach, attain

; to undertake, commence, begin

etc. ; to make, produce ; to form, compose

etc.: Intensive (perfect tense /ā-r/arabhe-) to cling to

araka

m. the jaina- division of time called ar/a-

, the plant Blyxa Octandra

arāla

mfn. (see ar/a-,fr. ṛ-; Intensive for arāra-?), crooked, curved

(an-- negative"straight") , etc.

aramaṇas

(ar/a--) and mati- (ar/a-) See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /aram-.

aramaṇas

(ar/a--) mfn. ready to serve, obedient

araṇī

f. = ar/aṇi-1

ārap

P. (parasmE-pada -r/apat-) to whisper towards

āre

ind. (locative case;See ār/āt-) far, far from, outside, without

aritra

n. (f ā-.) (ar/itra- [

] or /aritra- [

]) an oar (confer, compare d/aśāritra-, n/ityār-, ś/atār-, sv-aritr/a-) ; [ Latin aratrum.]

arjuna

mfn. (see ṛjr/a-and raj-) white, clear (the colour of the day

;of the dawn

;of the lightning;of the milk;of silver, etc.)

arka

m. the plant Calotropis Gigantea (the larger leaves are used for sacrificial ceremonies; see arka-kośī-, -parṇ/a-, palaś/a-,etc. below)

etc., a religious ceremony

(see arkāśvamedha-below)

arṇa

m. Name of a man (See arna citr/aratha-below)

ārtana

mfn. ([connected with ār/āt-and ār/e-

]) uncultivated, waste, desert

aruṇa

mf(/ā-[ ] or /ī-[ ,(Nominal verb plural aruṇ/ayas-) ])n. ( ṛ-

), reddish-brown, tawny, red, ruddy (the colour of the morning opposed to the darkness of night)

etc.

aruṇa

m. (/aruṇa-) Name of a pupil of upaveśi- (see aruṇ/a-m.above)

aruṇababhru

(aruṇ/a--) mfn. reddish-yellow

aruṇāgraja

m. "the first of aruṇa-", garuḍa- (the bird of viṣṇu-)

(see aruṇ/anuja-below.),

aruṇapsu

(aruṇ/a--) mfn. of a red appearance

aruṇapuṣpa

mfn. (aruṇ/a--) having red flowers

arvāk

ind. (gaRa svar-ādi- q.v) hither, (opposite to p/arāk-, par/as-, parastāt-)

aryaman

m. Name of an āditya- (who is commonly invoked together with varuṇa- and mitra-, also with bhaga-, bṛhaspati-, and others;he is supposed to be the chief of the Manes

etc., the milky way is called his path[ aryamṇ/aḥ p/anthāḥ-

];he presides over the nakṣatra- uttaraphalgunī-

;his name is used to form different male names

)

etc.

aś

(in classical Sanskrit only) A1. aśnute- (Aorist 3. plural āśiṣata-

; perf. ānaśe-

Vedic forms are: aśnoti-,etc.; subjunctive aśnavat-,etc.; Aorist P. ānaṭ- (2. & 3. sg.,frequently in

)and A1. aṣṭa-or /āṣṭa-,3. plural āśata-(frequently in

)or /ākṣiṣur-[

] subjunctive /akṣat-[

] Potential 1. plural aśema- preceding aśyās-(2. & 3. sg.) etc. Potential A1.1. sg. aśīya-and plural aśīmahi-, Imper. aṣṭu-[

]; perf. ānaṃśa-(thrice in

)or ānāśa-[

] or āśa-[

] , 2. plural ānaś/a-3. plural ānaś/uh-(frequently in

)or āśuh-[

] A1. ānaś/o- subjunctive 1. plural a anaśāmahai-[

] Potential 1. sg. ānasyām-, parasmE-pada ānaśān/a-[

];Inf. aṣṭave-

) to reach, come to, reach, come to, arrive at, get, gain, obtain

etc. ; (said of an evil, aṃhati-, /aṃhas-, gr/āhi-) to visit

; to master, become master of.

; to offer

; to enjoy

; to pervade, penetrate, fill

; to accumulate

: Desiderative aśiśiṣate-

Intensive aśāśyate-

asanmati

and -mantr/a- See /a-sat-.

aśitra

n. food

(see prāśitr/a-.)

aślīla

mfn. equals a-śrīr/a-, q. v

asmatrā

ind. (for asmat-tr/ā-by defective spelling) , to us, with us, among us

aṣṭi

f. (1. aś-), reaching

(see jar/ad-aṣṭi-, vy/aṣṭi-, s/amaṣṭi-.)

asūrta

mfn. (said of r/ajas-),"unilluminated, enveloped in darkness" ([

]) or"unvisited, unknown, remote" ([

])

(see sūrta-and a-sūry/a-.)

ati

As a prefix to verbs and their derivatives, expresses beyond, over, and, if not standing by itself, leaves the accent on the verb or its derivative; as, ati-kram- ( kram-), to overstep, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ati-kr/ame-, (fit) to be walked on, to be passed

, ati-kr/amaṇa- n. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order When prefixed to nouns, not derived from verbs, it expresses beyond, surpassing, as, ati-kaśa-, past the whip, ati-mānuṣa-, superhuman, etc. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order

atikram

to step or go beyond or over or across, (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood ati-kr/ame-,to be walked on

) ; to pass, cross ; to pass time ; to surpass, excel, overcome ; to pass by, neglect ; to overstep, transgress, violate ; to pass on or away ; to step out ; to part from, lose: Caus. -krāmayati-, or -kramayati-, to allow to pass (as time) ; to leave unnoticed.

ātṛd

P. -tṛṇ/atti-, to divide, pierce (as the ears)

: A1. -tṛntt/e-, to sever one's self

ātṛdas

Vedic or Veda infinitive mood (ablative), (

) with pur/ā-,"without piercing"

ātura

mf(ā-)n. desirous of (Inf.) (see an-ātur/a-.)

atyākram

(ind.p. -kr/amya-) to walk past

cl.1 P. /avati- (Imper. 2. sg. avatāt-

, parasmE-pada /avat-; imperfect tense /āvat-,2. sg. 1. /āvaḥ-[for 2. /āvaḥ-See vṛ-]; perf. 3. sg. āva-,2. plural āv/a-

, 2. sg. /āvitha-; Aorist /avit-,2. sg. āvīs-, avīs-and aviṣas-, Imper. aviṣṭu-,2. sg. aviḍḍh/i-[once

] or aviḍḍhi-[six times in

], 2. dual number aviṣṭam-,3. dual number,2. plural aviṣṭ/anā-

preceding 3. sg. avyās-, infinitive mood /avitave-

;Ved. ind.p. āvyā-

) to drive, impel, animate (as a car or horse)

; Ved. to promote, favour, (chiefly Vedic or Veda) to satisfy, refresh ; to offer (as a hymn to the gods)

; to lead or bring to (dative case : ūt/aye-, v/āja-sātaye-, kṣatr/āya-, svast/aye-)

; (said of the gods) to be pleased with, like, accept favourably (as sacrifices, prayers or hymns)

, (chiefly said of kings or princes) to guard, defend, protect, govern

etc.: Causal (only imperfect tense avayat-,2. sg. āvayas-) to consume, devour

([ confer, compare Greek Latin aveo?]) .

avabhra

See an-avabhr/a-rādhas-.

avacara

m. the dominion or sphere or department of (in compound See kāmāvacara-, dhyānāv-,etc.)

(see tālāvacara-and yajñāvacar/a-.)

avadrai

(future p. -drāsy/at-) to fall asleep

(see an-avadrāṇ/a-.)

avakrakṣin

mfn. (see kr/akṣamāṇa-) rushing down

avakram

(optative, -krāmet-) to step down upon (accusative)

; (Aorist 3. plural -kramuḥ-[ see

]; pr. p. kr/āmat-) to tread down, overcome

; to descend (into a womb)

: Causal (parasmE-pada -kramayat-) to cause to go down

avāra

n. (fr. 2. /ava-,but formed after a-pār/a- q.v) Ved. this side, the near bank of a river

avaramb

(parasmE-pada -r/ambamāṇa-) to hang down

equals ava-lamb- q.v

avaraparam

ind. one upon the other

, successively

(see avaras-par/a-below) .

avāratas

(avar/a--) ind. to this side

bāṇa

m. or vāṇ/a- (

), b/āṇa- (

;later more usually vāṇa- q.v) a reed-shaft, shaft made of a reed, an arrow

etc.

bāṇa

m. the udder of a cow (vāṇ/a-

)

bāṇa

m. music (for vāṇ/a-)

equals kevala-,

bhadrasvapna

(bhadr/ā--) m. a good dream

bhadravrāta

(bhadr/a--) mfn. having or forming a happy assemblage

bhajeratha

(

bhaje-+ aratha-), prob. bhaj/e- (infinitive mood) or bh/aje- (1. sg. fr. bhaj-) + r/athasya-.

bharadvāja

m. (bhar/ad--) "bearing speed or strength (of flight)", a skylark

bhṛ

cl.1 P. A1. (

) bh/arati-, te- ; cl.3 P. A1. (

) b/ibharti- (bibh/arti-only

), bibhṛte- ; cl.2 P. bh/arti-

(parasmE-pada P. b/ibhrat-, q.v; A1. bibhrāṇa-with act. meaning

, bibhramāṇa-with pass. meaning

; perfect tense jabh/āra-, jabh/arat-; jabhre-, ajabhartana-

; babhāra-, babhṛma-

etc.; parasmE-pada babhrāṇ/a-with pass. meaning

; bibharāmbabhūva-

, rām-āsa-

; Aorist abhār-

; bhart/am-, bhṛt/am-

; abhṛta- grammar; abhārṣam- subjunctive bharṣat-

; abhāriṣam-

; preceding bhriyāsam-, yāt-

; future bhariṣyati- Conditional /abhariṣyat-

; bhart/ā-

; infinitive mood bh/artum-, bh/artave-, bh/artav/ai-,Ved.; bh/aradhyai-

; ind.p. -bh/ṛtya-

etc.) , to bear, carry, convey, hold ("on"or"in" locative case)

etc. ; to wear id est let grow (hair, beard, nails)

etc. ; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales)

; to bear id est contain, possess, have, keep (also"keep in mind")

etc. ; to support, maintain, cherish, foster

; to hire, pay

; to carry off or along (A1. bharate-,"for one's self" id est gain, obtain, or =ferri"to be borne along")

; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow

etc. ; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo

; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; A1. bharate-,also "to rise, be heard")

; to fill (the stomach)

; (with garbham-) to conceive, become pregnant (confer, compare under dhṛ-)

; (with kṣitim-) to take care of, rule, govern

; (with, ājñām-) to submit to, obey

; (with ūrjām-) to exert, employ

: Passive voice bhriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāri-), to be borne etc.

etc. etc.: Causal bhārayati- (Aorist abībharat-), to cause to bear etc. ; to engage for hire

: Desiderative b/ubhūrṣati- (

), bibhariṣati- (

) , to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intensive b/aribharti- (3. plural bhrati-

, where also 2. dual number jarbhṛt/aḥ-), barībharti- (

), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither. [ confer, compare Zend bar; Greek ; Latin fero; Slavonic or Slavonian brati; Gothic bai4ran; German beran,ge-ba0ren; English bear.]

bhraj

See giri-bhr/aj- and mṛta-bhraj-.

bhrāj

cl.1 A1. (

) bhr/ājate- (rarely P. ti-; perfect tense babhrāja-

; bhreje-, babhrājire-and bhrejire- grammar; Aorist abhrāṭ-, abhrāji-

; abhrājiṣṭa- grammar; preceding bhrājyāsam-

; future bhrājitā- grammar; bhrājiṣyate-

; infinitive mood bhrājitum-

), to shine, beam, sparkle, glitter

etc. ; (with na-), to be of no account

: Causal bhrājayati- (Aorist ababhrājat-and abibhrajat-), to cause to shine or glitter, illuminate, irradiate

: Desiderative bibhrājiṣate- grammar ; Intensive bābhrājyate- or bābhrāṣṭi-

[ confer, compare bhṛgu-; Greek ; Latin fulgere,flammaforflag-maetc.; Lithuanian blizgu4; German bleichen; English bleach.]

bhrāj

f. (Nominal verb bhr/āḷ-) light, lustre, splendour

[ confer, compare Greek .]

bhrājasvat

mfn. (bhr/ā-) sparkling, glittering

bhraṃś

or bhraś- (sometimes written bhraṃs-; see bhṛś-) cl.1 A1. (

) bhraṃśate- (once in

P. ti-) cl.4 P. (

;cf. bhṛś-) bhraśyati- (Epic also A1. te- perfect tense babhraṃśa- śe- grammar; Aorist subjunctive bhraśat-

; abhraṃśiṣṭa- grammar; future bhraṃśiṣyati-, te-; bhraṃśitā-

; ind.p. bhraṃśitvā-and bhraṣṭvā-

), to fall, drop, fall down or out or in pieces

etc. ; to strike against (locative case)

; to rebound from (ablative)

; to fall (figuratively), decline, decay, fail, disappear, vanish, be ruined or lost

etc. ; to be separated from or deprived of, lose (ablative)

etc. ; to slip or escape from (genitive case)

; to swerve or deviate from, abandon (ablative)

: Causal bhraṃśayati- (or bhrāśayati-; see bhr/āśya-and ni-bhraṃś-; Aorist ababhraṃśat-; Passive voice bhraṃśyate-), to cause to fall (literally and figuratively), throw down, overthrow

etc. ; to cause to disappear or be lost destroy

; to cause to escape from (ablative)

; to cause to deviate from (ablative)

; to deprive any one (accusative) of (ablative; exempli gratia, 'for example' upavāsāt-or vratāt-,"of the reward for fasting or performing any observance")

etc.: Desiderative bibhraṃśiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive bābhraśyate-, bhraṣṭi- ; banībhraśyate- or bhraṃśyate-

bhrātṛvyajanman

(bhr/ā-) mfn. having the nature or character of a rivals

bhrātṛvyaparāṇutti

(bhr/ā-) f. the driving away a rivals

bhrātṛvyavat

(bhr/ā-) mfn. having rivals,

bhrī

cl.9 P. (

) bhrī ṇāti- or bhriṇāti- (only proper 3. plural bhrīṇ/anti-

; grammar also perfect tense bibhrāya-; future bhretā-, bhreṣyati- Aorist abhraiṣīt-), to injure, hurt (

- hiṃs-

"to be angry"see bhṛṇīya-; grammar"to fear"or"to bear") : Causal bhrāyayati- grammar : Desiderative bibhrīṣati-

: Intensive bebhrīyate-, bebhrayīti-, bebhreti-

bhur

(prob. a secondary form of bhri-not in

), P. A1. bhur/ati-, te-, to move rapidly or convulsively, stir, palpitate, quiver, struggle (in swimming)

: Intensive j/arbhurīti- (parasmE-pada j/arbhurat-, rāṇa-), to flicker (as fire)

(confer, compare Greek , ; Latin furere.)

bhuraj

(prob. connected with bhṛjj-and bhrajj-), only 3. plural imperfect tense A1. bhur/ajanta-, to boil, bubble

brahmajuṣṭa

(br/ahma--) mfn. gratified by prayer or devotion

brahmajūta

(br/ahma--) mfn. incited by prayer or devotion

brahmakṛti

(br/ahma--) f. prayer, devotion

brahmamukha

(br/ahma--) mf(ā-)n. preceded by the priests, following or inferior to them

brāhmaṇavat

mfn. (br/āh-), possessed of or in accordance with a brāhmaṇa-, correct

brahmanutta

(br/ahma--) mfn. driven away by a sacred text or spell

brāhmaṇya

mfn. (fr. brāhmaṇ/a-) fit for Brahmans

brahmapati

(br/ahma--) m. equals brahmaṇas-pati-

brahmaprasūta

(br/ahma--) mfn. impelled by brahma-

brahmapurogava

(br/ahma--) mfn. preceded by brahma- or"the holy"

brahmapurohita

mfn. (br/ahma--) having the sacerdotal class for a purohita-

brahmapūta

mfn. (br/ahma--) purified by devotion

brahmasaṃśita

(br/ahma--) mfn. sharpened by prayer or by a sacred text

brahmaśumbhita

(br/ahma--) mfn. purified or adorned by devotion

brahmatejas

n. (br/ahma--) having the glory or power of brahma- (

) or of a Brahman (

)

brahmavāhas

(br/ahma--) mfn. one to whom prayers are offered

brahmavṛddha

(br/ahma--) mfn. grown or increased by prayer

brāhmi

mfn. (fr. br/ahman-) holy, divine

bṛh

or bṛṃh- cl.1 P. (

) bṛṃhati- (also te-

and bṛhati-

; perfect tense babarha-

;

parasmE-pada babṛhāṇ/a-

), to be thick, grow great or strong, increase (the finite verb only with a preposition): Causal bṛṃhayati-, te- (also written vṛ-), to make big or fat or strong, increase, expand, further, promote

; barhayati- See sam-bṛh-: Intensive barbṛhat-, barbṛhi- See upa-bṛh-.

brū

cl.2 P. A1. (

) br/avīti-, brūt/e- (only proper stem;the other forms are supplied by vac- confer, compare

; brūmi-for bravīmi-

; subjunctive br/avas-, vat-

; imperative brūhi-, Epic also bravīhi-, bruvadhvam-; brūtāt-

; imperfect tense abruvam-for abravam-

; pr.p. A1. Epic bruvamāṇa-for bruvāṇa-; preceding 2. plural brūyāsta-

wrong reading for brūyās tat-), to speak, say, tell (either intrans.;or with accusative of Persian or thing;or with accusative of thing and accusative dative case genitive case or locative case of person = to tell or relate anything to;with two accusative also = declare or pronounce to be, call)

etc. ; to speak about any person or thing (accusative with or without prati-,or adhikṛtya-)

etc. ; to proclaim, predict

; to answer (either intrans. with punar-or trans. with praśnam-,"a question")

; (with anyathā-) to speak or decide or judge wrongly

; (A1.,rarely P.) to call or profess one's self to be (Nominal verb,rarely with iti-)

; (A1.) to designate for one's self, choose

; (A1.) to be told by itself, tell itself (tell its tale)

Va1rtt. 1

[ confer, compare Zend mru1.]

caitra

m. equals caitriyāyaṇ/a-

caitreya

mfn. coming from a speckled cow (citr/ā-)

cakra

n. (Ved. rarely m.; gaRa ardharcādi-;fr. car-?;1. kṛ-

) the wheel (of a carriage, of the Sun's chariot[

],of Time [

]; kr/aṃ-car-,to drive in a carriage

)

etc.

cākra

mfn. (fr. cakr/a-) carried on (a battle) with the discus

cakraṇitamba

m. equals cakr/a-nitamba-

cakranitamba

m. equals cakr/a-ṇitamba- gaRa girinady-ādi-.

cakratuṇḍa

m. (kr/a--) "circular-beaked", a kind of mythical being

cakravṛtta

mfn. (kr/a--) turned on a potter's wheel

cākrāyaṇa

m. (fr. cakr/a- gaRa aśvādi-

) patronymic of uṣasta-

cākreya

fr. cakr/a- gaRa sakhy-ādi- (not in

)

cakrī

f. of kr/a- q.v

cakru

equals kr/a- "a wheel", only in compound

cakṣaṇa

n. (for jakṣ-?) eating a relish to promote drinking

(see viśv/a--; abhi--and prati-c/akṣ-; vi-cakṣaṇ/a-.)

cakṣas

m. "teacher of the gods", bṛhaspati-

(see /apāka--, īya--, upāk/a--, ghor/a--, viśv/a--, s/ūra--, sv/ar--; uru--, duś--, nṛ--and su-c/akṣ-.)

cana

ind. (ca n/a-

) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force;a preceding verb is accentuated[

];in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other negative particle, whereas in the later language another negative is usually added exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpaś can/apr/a minanti vrat/aṃ vāṃ-,"not even the waters violate your ordinance"

; n/āha vivyāca pṛthiv/ī can/āinaṃ-,"the earth even does not contain him", iii, 36, 4;in class. Sanskrit it is only used after the interrogatives k/a-, katar/a-, katam/a-, katham-, k/ad-, kad/ā-, kim-, k/utas-, kva-,making them indefinite)

etc. also

caṇḍa

mf(ā- ; ī- etc.)n. (probably fr. candr/a-,"glowing"with passion) fierce, violent, cruel, impetuous, hot, ardent with passion, passionate, angry

etc.

canda

m. (for dr/a-) the moon

candira

m. (fr. ndr/a-) the moon

candra

mf(ā-)n. (fr. ścandr/a- q.v) glittering, shining (as gold), having the brilliancy or hue of light (said of gods, of water[

] and of soma-)

cāndra

mf(ī-)n. (fr. candr/a-) lunar

etc.

candrabudhna

(dr/a--) mfn. having a bright standing-ground

candradakṣiṇa

(dr/a--) mfn. offering anything bright or gold in sacrifice

candramas

m. (dr/a--) (mas- equals m/ās-; gaRa dāsī-bhārādi-) the moon, deity of the moon (considered as a dānava-

;named among the 8 vasu-s

)

etc.

candramas

See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order candr/a-.

cāndramasa

mf(ī-)n. (fr. candr/a-mas-) lunar, relating to the moon

etc.

candranirṇij

(dr/a--), having a brilliant garment

candraratha

(dr/a--) mfn. having a brilliant carriage

candravarṇa

(dr/a--) mfn. of brilliant colour

candravat

mfn. (dr/a--) illuminated by the moon

candrimā

f. (fr. candr/a-mas-; see pūrṇimā-) moonlight

car

cl.1. c/arati-, rarely te- (subjunctive c/arat-,3 plural c/arān-

; perf. cac/āra-[

etc.] , 2 sg. cacartha-

; plural cerur-,etc.; ratur-

etc.; A1. cere-

; future cariṣyati-, te-; Aorist acārīt-[

]; infinitive mood c/aritum-[

]or cartum-[

] , Vedic or Veda car/adhyai-[

], c/aritave-[

], car/ase-[

], car/āyai-[

], caritos-[

]; ind.p. caritv/ā-

; cartvā-

; cīrtvā-,

; parasmE-pada c/arat-) to move one's self, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.)

etc. ; to spread, be diffused (as fire)

; to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow

etc. ; to behave, conduct one's self, act, live, treat (with instrumental case or locative case)

etc. ; to be engaged in, occupied or busy with (instr exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/ena c-,"to be engaged in a sacrifice"

)

etc. ; (with[

]or without[

] mithun/am-) to have intercourse with, have to do with (instrumental case) ; (with a parasmE-pada or adjective (cf. mfn.) or ind.p. or adverb) to continue performing or being (exempli gratia, 'for example' arcantaś cerur-,"they continued worshipping"

; svāminam avajñāya caret-,"he may go on despising his master"

)

etc. ; (in astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction

; to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make (exempli gratia, 'for example' vrat/āni-"to observe vows"

etc.; vighnaṃ c-,"to put a hindrance"

; bhaikṣaṃ c-"to beg"

; vivādaṃ c-,"to be engaged in a lawsuit"

; mṛgayāṃ c-,"to hunt"

; sambandhāṃś c-,"to enter into connections"

; mārgaṃ cacāra bāṇaiḥ-,"he made a way with arrows"

; tapasā indriyāṇi c-,to exercise one's organs with penance

)

etc. ; to consume, eat (with accusative), graze

; to make or render (with double accusative) exempli gratia, 'for example' nar/endraṃ satya-sthaṃ carāma-,"let us make the king keep his word"

: Causal cārayati-, to cause to move or walk about

(Aorist /acīcarat-)

; to pasture

; to send, direct, turn, move

etc. ; to cause any one (accusative) to walk through (accusative)

; to drive away from (ablative)

; to cause any one (accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative)

; to cause (any animal accusative) to eat

; to cause to copulate

; to ascertain (as through a spy instrumental case)

; to doubt (see vi--)

: Desiderative cicariṣati-, to try to go

(parasmE-pada cicarṣat-) ; to wish to act or conduct one's self

; to try to have intercourse with (instrumental case),

: Intensive carcarīti- A1. or rarely ([

]) Passive voice cañcūryate- (curīti-and cūrti-

; ind.p. cūrya-

; parasmE-pada once P. cūryat-

) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative case)

etc. ; to act wantonly or coquettishly

(see

) ; ([ see, etc.])

carā

f. dative case r/āyai- infinitive mood car- q.v

caratha

mfn. moving, living

(ca r/atha- manuscripts) ; 72, 6

caratha

n. going, wandering, course

(

car/ātha-) ; iii, 31, 15; viii, 33, 8; x, 92, 13

carātha

n. See r/atha-.

carṣaṇi

f. Name of aryaman-'s children by mātṛkā- (progenitors of the human race)

(see pr/a--, ratha--, v/i--, viśv/a--.).

catasṛ

f. plural of cat/ur-, 4 (Nominal verb and accusative c/atasras-[ see

Va1rtt. 2 ]; instrumental case catas/ṛbhis-[ see

]

; genitive case sṝṇ/ām-

;or sṝṇām-[Ved.

]

; locative case s/ṛṣu-

)

catur

tv/āras- m. plural , tv/āri- n. plural , 4 (accusative m. t/uras- instrumental case t/urbhis-[for f.

] genitive case turṇ/ām- ablative t/urbhyas-;class. instrumental case dative case ablative,and locative case also oxyt.

; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'

and

;for f.See c/atasṛ-); [ confer, compare, AEolic ; Gothic fidvor; Latin quatuor; Cambro-Brit. pedwar,pedair; Hibernian or Irish ceatkair; Lithuanian keturi; Slavonic or Slavonian cetyrje.]

caura

mfn. ( cur-) thievish

(equals cor/a- gaRa prajñādi-; gaRa chattrādi-) a thief. robber

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

etc.

cetas

n. see a-cet/as-, dabhr/a--, pr/a--, laghu--, v/i--, s/a--, su-c/etas-.

cetiṣṭha

mfn. (fr. citr/a-) most conspicuous

cira

n. (

) delay (exempli gratia, 'for example' gamana--,"delay in going"

; kiṃ cireṇa-,"wherefore delay?"

; pur/ā cir/āt-,"to avoid delay"

)

citra

mf(/ā-)n. containing the word citr/a-

citra

n. see a- and, su-citr/a-, d/ānu--, vi--

citrabarhis

(tr/a--) mfn. having a brilliant bed (of stars;the moon)

citrabhānu

mfn. (tr/a--) of variegated lustre, shining with light

citradhrajati

(tr/a--) mfn. having a bright course (agni-)

citramahas

mfn. (tr/a--) equals tr/ā-magha-

citraratha

mfn. (tr/a--) having a bright chariot (agni-)

citrarāti

(tr/a--) mfn. granting excellent gifts

citrasena

mfn. (tr/a--) having a bright spear,

citraśocis

(tr/a--) mfn. shining brilliantly

citraśravastama

(tr/a--) mfn. (superl.) having most wonderful fame,

citravāja

mfn. (tr/a--) having wonderful riches (the marut-s)

citravana

n. "of variegated appearance (See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order citr/a-) ", Name of a wood near the gaṇḍakī-

citrayāma

(tr/a--) mfn. equals dhrajati-

citrika

m. (fr. citr/ā-) the month caitra-

citroti

mfn. equals tr/āmagha-

citta

n. attending, observing (tir/aś citt/āni-,"so as to remain unnoticed")

citta

n. see iha--, cala--, p/ūrva--, pr/āyaś--, laghu--, su--, sthira--.

citti

f. see /a--, pūrv/a--, pr/āyaś--.

dabhracetas

(r/a--) mfn. little-minded,

dadhikrāvan

m. equals -kr/ā-

dadhyac

m. (Nominal verb -/aṅ- accusative -/añcam-; dative case dhīc/e- genitive case dhīc/as-; see

) "sprinkling d/adhi- " (see dhi-kr/ā-and ghṛtāī-) Name of a mythical ṛṣi- or sacrificer (

and [called aṅgiras-]

[ āṅgirasa-]

;son of atharvan-[ see ātharvaṇ/a-]

;having the head of a horse and teaching the aśvin-s to find in tvaṣṭṛ-'s house the m/adhu-or soma-

;favoured by indra- [

] who slays 99 vṛtra-s or foes with a thunderbolt made of his bones

;propounder of the brāhmaṇa- called m/adhu-

)

dahara

mfn. (fr. dobhr/a-) small, fine, thin

(varia lectio dabhra-)

dakṣakratu

m. du kr/ad/u-d/akṣau-

dakṣiṇa

mf(ā-)n. (also ṇ/a-

) (declined as a pronoun when denoting relative position ["right"or,"southern"]

etc.; see

;but not necessarily in ablative and locative case sg. m. n.[ ṇe-

] and Nominal verb plural m.;except

) able, clever, dexterous

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

dakṣiṇāpraharaṇa

(ṇ/ā--) mfn. hurled to the right

dakṣiṇāpravaṇa

(ṇ/ā-) mf(ā-)n. sloping southwards

dakṣiṇatas

ind. (

) from the right or south, on the right side or southward from (genitive case)

etc. (with as-or bhū-,"to stand at the right side of. assist",

;with kṛ- equals ṇena-with kṛ-

;with pur/astāt-or ras-,south-east

)

daṃsiṣṭha

mfn. (Superl. of su-or dasr/a-) of very wonderful strength,

dānu

n. a fluid, drop, dew (nas p/atī- m.du, Name of mitra-- varuṇa- or of the aśvin-s

; see ārdr/a--, jīr/a--).

dara

mfn. (

) ( dṝ-) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' , cleaving, breaking See puraṃ-dar/a-, bhagaṃ--

dātra

n. (dātr/a-) allotted portion, share, possession

datvatī

f. with r/ajju-,"rope with teeth"

daviṣṭha

mfn. (superl. fr. dūr/a-

) remotest

davīyas

mfn. dūr/ad d-,"farther than far", very distant,

davīyas

ind. dūr/ād d/av- farthest away

dhiṣa

See nar/aṃ--.

dhiti

f. See nem/a--, mitr/a--, van/a--, v/asu--.

dhṛ

cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (

; A1. Potential dhareran-

), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu-

]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e-

etc.; Aorist adhāram-

; adhṛta-, dhṛthās-

; /adīdharat-

etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta-

;3. plural rata-

]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati-

; ṣy/e-

; dhartā-

; infinitive mood dhartum-

, tavai-

[ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya-

) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo

etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive

etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist

etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case)

etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to)

; to present to (genitive case)

; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case)

; A1. to be ready or prepared for

; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case)

(confer, compare

) ; to prolong (in pronunciation)

; to quote, cite

; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-)

etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case)

(also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow

; (with raśmīn-[

] or praharān-[

]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty

; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow

etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control

; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance

; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly

; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure

etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember

; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact

(Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady

etc. ; continue living, exist, remain

etc. (also dhāryate-

) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood)

: Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate-

; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-)

: Intensive d/ardharti- (

) and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati-

; confer, compare

) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.]

dhrai

cl.1 P. dhrāyati-, to be pleased or satisfied

; cl.2. etc. dhr/āti-, dhr/āti-, dhr/ayati- See dhr/a-.

dhraj

dhrañj- or dhrāj- cl.1 P. (

) dhr/ajati-

(dhrañjati-or dhṛñjati- grammar; parasmE-pada A1. dhrājamāna-

; Aorist Potential A1. dhrājiṣīya-

) to move, go, glide, fly, sweep on. (Cf. dhṛj-and dhrij-.)

dhrajati

See citr/a--.

dhrāji

f. equals dhr/ajas-

(also dhrāj/i-)

dhṛṣ

cl.5 P. dhṛṣṇ/oti-

etc. ; cl.1 P. dh/arṣati-

(parasmE-pada dhṛṣ/at-, ṣ/amāṇa-

; ṣāṇ/a-.

; perf. dadh/arṣa-

etc.;3. plural dādhṛṣur-

; subjunctive dadharṣat-, ṣati-, ṣīt-

; dadhṛṣate-, ṣanta-

; parasmE-pada dadhṛṣv/as-

; Aorist adhṛṣas-

, adhaṣiṣur-

; future dharṣiṣyati-, ṣitā- grammar; ind.p. -dhṛṣya-

; infinitive mood -dh/ṛṣas-, ṣi-

), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud

; to dare or venture (infinitive mood in tum-

) ; to dare to attack, treat with indignity (accusative)

; to surpass (?)

: Causal dharṣayati- (

; Aorist adīdhṛṣat-,or adadharṣat- grammar) to venture on attacking ; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome

: Desiderative didharṣiṣati-: Intensive darīdhṛṣyate- or darīdharṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend dareS; Greek , ; literally dristu; Gothic ga-dars, Anglo-Saxon dors-te, Engl. durs-t.])

dhūmralalāma

(r/a--) mfn. having a grey spot

dhūmranīkāśa

(r/a--) mfn. greyish

dhūmrarohita

(r/a--) mfn. greyish-red

dhvasra

mfn. equals sir/a-

dīrgha

mf(ā-)n. (Comparative degree dr/āghīyas-,superl. dr/āghiṣṭha-[qq. vv.];rarely dīrghatara-[

iv, 13/14] and tama-[

]) long (in space and time) , lofty, high, tall

doṣan

n. (occurring only in Nominal verb dual number dosh/aṇi1-

; genitive case sg. doṣṇ/as-

; instrumental case doṣṇā- locative case doṣṇi-[or doṣaṇi--See below] genitive case dual number doṣṇos-

;acc. plural [m. !] doṣṇas-

;the other forms are supplied by dos- q.v) the fore-arm, the lower part of the fore-foot of an animal

dra

according to to some in

"that which is free", opp. to vr/a-.

drā

cl.2 P. dr/āti- (imperative dr/ātu-, dr/āntu-

; perfect tense dadrur-, parasmE-pada A1. dadrāṇ/a-

; Aorist adrāsīt-; subjunctive drāsat-

), to run, make haste: Causal drāpayati- (Desiderative of Causal d/idrāpayiṣati-)

; Aorist adidrapat-

: Intensive d/aridrāti-

; 3 plural daridrati-

; to run hither and thither ; to be in need or poor: Desiderative of Intensive didaridrāsati- and didaridriṣati-

Va1rtt. 2

[ confer, compare 2. dru-and dram-; Greek , .]

dram

cl.1 P. dr/amati- (

) to run about, roam, wander

; perfect tense dadramur-

: Intensive dandramyate- idem or 'm. or n. a particular high number '

[ confer, compare drā-and 2. dru-; Greek , .]

draviṇas

n. movable property, substance etc. (= dr/aviṇa-)

dṛṃh

or dṛh- cl.1 P. d/ṛṃhati-, to make firm, fix, strengthen

etc. (parasmE-pada dṛṃh/antam-

) ; A1. te-, to be firm or strong

etc. (trans. = P.only in dṛṃh/ethe-

dṛṃhāmahai-

) ; cl.4 P. A1. only imperfect tense dṛhya- and hyasva-, be strong

; cl.1. darhati-, to grow

; perfect tense dadarha- or dadṛṃha- ; parasmE-pada A1. dādṛhāṇ/a-, fixing, holding

; fixed, firm

; Aorist /adadṛhanta-, they were fixed or firm

: Causal P. A1. dṛṃhayati-, te-, to make firm, fix, establish

dṛp

cl.4 P. dṛpyati- (darpati-only

; future dr/apsyati-or darpiṣyati-

; darpitā-, ptā-,and draptā-

; perfect tense dadarpa-; Aorist adṛpat-

; adrāpsīt-

Va1rtt. 7; adarpīt-and adārp sīt-

) to be mad or foolish, to rave

; to be extravagant or wild, to be arrogant or proud, to be wildly delighted.

etc. ; to light, kindle, inflame (darpati-or darpayati-

varia lectio for chṛd-): Causal darpayati-, to make mad or proud or arrogant

dṛpti

See pr/a-d-.

dṛś

(Pres. forms supplied by paś- q.v; perfect tense P. dad/arśa-

etc. [2. sg. dadarśitha-and dadraṣṭha-

]; A1. dadṛś/e-

[ d/adṛśe-,3 plural dṛśre-

; śrire-

]; parasmE-pada P. dadṛśv/as-

; sivas-

; darśivas- q.v; A1. d/adṛśāna-

; future P. -drakṣy/ati-

etc.; A1. ṣyate-and future 2. draṣṭā-

; Aorist P. adarśam-, śas-, śat-,3 plural śur-

; 1 plural adarśma-

; adṛśma-

; subjunctive darśam-, śat-, śathas-

; A1.3 plural /adṛśran-

; śram-

; parasmE-pada dṛśān/a-or d/ṛśāna-[ confer, compare sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]

; P. dṛśan-,3 plural /adṛśan-

; Potential dṛś/eyam-

; śema-

; P. adrākṣit-and adrāk-

; A1.3 plural /adṛkṣata-; subjunctive 2 sg. d/ṛkṣase-

; infinitive mood dṛś/e-and driś/aye-

; dr/aṣṭum-

etc.; ind.p. dṛṣṭv/ā-

etc.[

also dṛśya-], ṭvāya-

; -d/ṛśya-

; -darśam-

) to see, behold, look at, regard, consider

etc. ; to see id est wait on, visit

; to see with the mind, learn, understand

etc. ; to notice, care for, look into, try, examine

; to see by divine intuition, think or find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.)

: Passive voice dṛśy/ate- (Epic also ti-) Aorist ad/arśi-

etc. to be seen, become visible, appear

etc. ; to be shown or manifested, appear as (iva-), prove

etc.: Causal P. A1. darśayati-, te-

etc. ; Aorist adīdṛśat-

; adadarśat-

, to cause to see or be seen, to show a thing (A1. especially of something belonging to one's self) or person (P.and A1.with or scilicet ātmānam-,also one's self) , to (accusative

etc.; genitive case

etc.; dative case

etc.; instrumental case after A1.refl.

) ; to show = prove, demonstrate

etc. ; to produce (money) id est pay

; (a witness) ,

: Desiderative A1. didṛkṣate- (Epic also ti-) to wish to see, long for (accusative)

etc.: Desiderative of Causal didarśayiṣati-, to wish to show

; adidarśayiṣīt-

: Intensive darīdṛśyate-, to be always visible

; darīdarṣṭi- or dard-

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic tarhjan.]

dru

cl.1. P. (

; Epic also A1.) dr/avati-, te-

etc. (perfect tense dudrāva-

; drotha-, druma-

; druvur-

etc.; Aorist adudruvat-

; drot- subjunctive dudr/avat-

; future droṣyati-

; infinitive mood -drotum-

; ind.p. druṭv/ā-and -drutya-

) to run, hasten, flee

etc. ; to run up to (accusative), attack, assault

; to become fluid, dissolve, melt

: Causal drāv/ayati- (Epic also te-; dravayate-See under drav/a-) to cause to run, make flow

; to make fluid, melt,

; to drive away, put to flight

(Passive voice drāvyate-,

)

: Desiderative dudrūṣati- grammar : Desiderative of Causal dudrāvayiṣati- or dud-

: Intensive dodrūyate- or dodroti- grammar (dodrāva-

) . ([ confer, compare 2. drā-and dram-; Zend dru,drvant.])

dudhravāc

(dhr/a--) mfn. speaking boisterously or confusedly

duh

(originally dugh- see d/ughāna-, dugha-etc., and the initial dh-of some forms) cl.2 P.A1. dogdhi- ; dugdhe- or duh/e-

etc. (plural A1. duhat/e-,

; duhrate-,

; duhr/e-,

; imperfect tense P. /adhok-,

; duh/ur-

; A1. adugdha-[according to

Aorist ] plural aduhra-,i

sg. aduha- plural hra-

[ see

]; imperative dhukṣva-

sg. duh/ām-

; plural duhr/ām-, r/atām-

; dhuṅgdhvam-

; subjunctive dohat-[3 plural hān-

], hate-

; Potential duhīyat-

; y/an-,

; A1. hīta-,

; parasmE-pada P. duh/at- A1. duhān/a-, d/uhāna-,and d/ugh-

; cl.6 P. A1. duh/ati-, te-

etc.; cl.4. duhyati-, te-

; perfect tense dud/oha-[ hitha-

], duduh/e-,3 plural duduhur-[ dudūhur-

]

etc.; A1. duduhre-

[

hrire-]; future dhokṣyati-, te-

; Aorist /adhukṣat-, ṣata-[3 sg.

plural

], adukṣat-,

; dukṣata-,3 sg.

; imperative dhukṣ/asva-

; Potential dhukṣīm/ahi-

; infinitive mood dogdhum-

etc.; dogdhos-

; duh/adhyai-and doh/ase-

; ind.p. dugdhvā-

) to milk (a cow or an udder) figuratively take advantage of (see) , enjoy ; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, soma- exempli gratia, 'for example' any good thing) ; draw anything out of another thing (with 2 accusative)

etc. ; (mostly A1.) to give milk, yield any desired object (accusative,rarely genitive case)

etc. etc.: Passive voice duhy/ate- Aorist adohi- (

) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from

etc.: Causal doh/ayati-, te- Aorist adūduhat- Passive voice dohy/ate-, to cause to milk or be milked ; to milk, milk out, extract

: Desiderative d/udukṣati- (

), dudhukṣati- (

see dudhukṣu-), to wish to milk.

dur

f. (only d/uras- accusative Nominal verb,and dur/as-. plural) equals dvār-, a door (see 2. dura-).

dūraādhī

(dūr/a--for r/e-ā-) mfn. whose thoughts are far away,

dūraādiś

(dūr/a--for r/e-ā-) mfn. announcing far and wide

dūram

ind. far, far from (genitive case or ablative

) , a long way off or a long period back

etc. (also dūr/ād dūr/am-

)

dūraśravas

(r/a-) mfn. far-renowned

(see re-śr-).

dūraupaśabdas

(dūr/a--.for r/e-up-), mfn. sounding to a distance,

duryoṇa

n. equals duroṇ/a-

dūta

m. (prob. fr.1. du-; see dūr/a-) a messenger, envoy, ambassador, negotiator

etc. (taya- Nom. P. yati-,to employ as messenger or ambassador,

)

dvyākṣara

mf(ā-)n. 2-syllabled

(akṣar/a-

)

gabhīravepas

(r/a--) mfn. (equals gambh-) moved deeply or inwardly, deeply excited

gambhīra

mfn. equals gabh-

(only in the beginning of pāda-s, six times)

etc. (in post-Vedic writings gambh-is more used than gabh-;the deepness of a man's navel, voice, and character are praised together

;hence a person who is said to have a deep navel, voice, and character is called trigambhīra tri-gambhīr/a- mf(ā-)n.

)

gambhīracetas

(r/a--) mfn. of profound mind

gambhīraśaṃsa

(r/a--) mfn. ruling secretly or in a hidden manner (as varuṇa-)

(["whose praise is inexhaustible"

])

gambhīravepas

(r/a--) mfn. equals gabh-

gambhiṣṭha

mfn. superl. of gabhīr/a-

gaṇā

f. Name of one of the mothers in skanda-'s retinue

(see ahar--, mar/ud--, v/ṛṣa--, s/a--, sapt/a--, s/arva--; deva--, mahā--,and vida-gaṇ/a-.)

gaṇapati

m. (ṇ/a--) (gaRa aśvapaty-ādi-) the leader of a class or troop or assemblage

gaṇavat

mfn. (ṇ/a--) consisting of a series or class

gandharva

m. a gandharva- [though in later times the gandharva-s are regarded as a class, yet in

rarely more than one is mentioned;he is designated as the heavenly gandharva-(divy/a g-

),and is also called viśvā-vasu-(

)and vāyu-keśa- (in plural

);his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters(

);his especial duty is to guard the heavenly soma-(

) , which the gods obtain through his intervention(

; see

);it is obtained for the human race by indra-, who conquers the gandharva- and takes it by force(

);the heavenly gandharva- is supposed to be a good physician, because the soma- is considered as the best medicine;possibly, however, the word soma- originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly gandharva- may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon;in one passage(

) the heavenly gandharva- and the soma- are identified;he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (

; see

);he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally (

);he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, yama- and yamī-(

) , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them(

);for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies(

);ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly gandharva-(see -gṛhīta-, -graha-);the gandharva-s as a class have the same characteristic features as the one gandharva-;they live in the sky(

) , guard the soma-(

),are governed by varuṇa- (just as the āpsarasa-s are governed by soma-)

,know the best medicines(

),regulate the course of the asterisms(

;hence twenty-seven are mentioned

),follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them(

);as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to soma-, the gandharva-s, and agni-(

);the wives of the gandharva-s are the āpsarasa-s(see gandharvāpsar/as-),and like them the gandharva-s are invoked in gambling with dice(

);they are also feared as evil beings together with the rākṣasa-s, kimīdin-s, piśāca-s, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them(

);they are said to have revealed the veda-s to vāc-(

; see

),and are called the preceptors of the ṛṣi-s(

); purūravas- is called among them(

);in epic poetry the gandharva-s are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers(see

)who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the āpsarasa-s to indra-'s heaven, sharing also in his battles(

etc.; see

);in the more systematic mythology the gandharva-s constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided(id est gods, manes, gandharva-s

;or gods, asura-s, gandharva-s, men

; see

;or gods, men, gandharva-s, āpsarasa-s, sarpa-s, and manes

;for other enumerations see

[

]

etc.);divine and human gandharva-s are distinguished(

;the divine or deva-gandharva-s are enumerated

);another passage names 11 classes of gandharva-s(

);the chief or leader of the gandharva-s is named citra-ratha-(

);they are called the creatures of prajāpati-(

) or of brahmā-(

) or of kaśyapa- (

) or of the muni-s(

) or of prādhā-(

) or of ariṣṭā-(

)or of vāc-(

);with jaina-s the gandharva-s constitute one of the eight classes of the vyantara-s]

gaṇeśa

See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order gaṇ/a-.

gaṇeśāna

See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order gaṇ/a-.

gaṇeśvara

See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order gaṇ/a-.

garikā

garita- See gar/a-.

garutmat

mfn. (gar/ut--) (in veda- only found in connection with su-parṇ/a-,and apparently applied to a heavenly bird or to the sun) winged (?)

gauṇa

mf(ī-)n. (fr. guṇ/a-), relating to a quality

gauralalāma

(r/a--) mfn. having a white spot on the forehead

gaurī

f. of r/a- q.v

gāyatracchandas

mfn. (tr/a--) one to whom the gāyatrī- metre belongs or to whom it is sacred, relating to it

etc.

gāyatravartani

(tr/a--) mfn. moving in gāyatrī- measures

gāyatravepas

(tr/a--) mfn. (see gāth/a-śravas-) inspired by (epic) songs (indra-)

gāyatrī

f. of tr/a- q.v

gha

ind. sometimes it occurs in the clause which depends on a conditional or relative sentence (exempli gratia, 'for example' /ā ghā gamad y/adi śr/avat-,"he will surely come when he hears"

ghoracakṣas

(r/a--) mfn. of frightful appearance

ghṛṇā

f. of ṇ/a- q.v

ghṛṇi

m. equals ṇ/a-

(gh/ṛṇīva-for ṇer-iva-)

(Ved. locative case ṇā-)

ghur

cl.6 P. rati- (Aorist aghorīt-; perfect tense 3. plural jughurur-; A1. jughure-), to cry frightfully, frighten with cries

(see ghor/a-.)

girimāna

m. " equals -mātr/a- ", a large elephant

gīrṇa

mfn. "swallowed (voice)" id est not uttered

(see gara-gīrṇ/a-.)

godugdha

n. equals -kṣīr/a-

gṝ

cl.9 P. A1. gṛṇ/āti-, ṇīt/e- (1. sg. A1.and 3. sg. Passive voice gṛṇ/e-

;1. sg. A1. gṛṇīṣ/e-

;2. plural gṛṇ/atā-

; parasmE-pada P. gṛṇ/at-

etc.; A1.& Passive voice gṛṇān/a-

;Ved. infinitive mood imperative gṛṇīṣ/aṇi-

), to call, call out to, invoke

; to announce, proclaim

; to mention with praise, praise, extol

; to pronounce, recite

; to relate, teach in verses,

; ([ confer, compare , ; Hibernian or Irish goirim; Old German quar,quir,etc.; Old Pruss.gerbu,"to speak"; Anglo-Saxon gale; German Nachtigal; Latin gallus?])

gṝ

cl.6 P. girati- or (confer, compare

) gilati- (

) , Epic also A1. girate- (1. sg. g/irāmi-

; perf. jagāra-

; Aorist subjunctive 3. plural garan-

), to swallow, devour, eat

etc. ; to emit or eject from the mouth

: Causal (Aorist 2. sg. ajīgar-) to swallow

: Intensive jegilyate-

: Desiderative jigariṣati-,

; ([ confer, compare 2. gal-,2 gir-, gila-,2. gīrṇ/a-; Lithuanian gerru,"to drink"; Latin glu-tio,gula; Slavonic or Slavonian gr-lo; Russian z8ora.])

gra

See tuvi-gr/a-.

grabh

gr/abha-, etc. See grah-.

grabhaṇa

See a-grabhaṇ/a-.

grabhaṇavat

(gr/abh-) mfn. yielding any hold or support

grah

([

in a few passages only

etc.]) or grabh- ([

;rarely

]) cl.9 P. gṛbhṇāti- gṛhṇ/āti- (also A1. gṛhṇīte-,irreg. gṛhṇate-

;3. plural gṛbhṇate-

; imperative 2. sg. gṛhāṇ/a-,[ ṇ/ā-, saṃhitā-pāṭha-, parasmE-pada Passive voice Nominal verb plural n.

]

etc.; gṛbhṇān/a-& gṛhṇ-[Ved.]; gṛhṇa-

; -gṛhṇāhi-, -gṛbhṇīhi-See prati-grabh-; A1. gṛbhṇīṣva-[

] or gṛhṇ-;3. sg. P. gṛhṇītāt-;Ved. imperative gṛbhāy/a-etc.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ya- confer, compare gṛhaya-; perf. jagrāha-

etc.;1. sg. gr/abhā-

; gṛbhm/a-

; A1. gṛhe-,

;3. plural gṛbhr/e-& gṛbhrir/e-

; P. Potential gṛbhyāt-,

; parasmE-pada gṛbhv/as-,

; future 2nd grahīṣyati-, te-

etc.[ confer, compare

];sometimes wrongly spelt gṛh-

; grahiṣy-

; Conditional agrahaiṣyat-

; future 1st grahītā-

; Aorist agrabham-

; bhīt-

etc.; hīt-[

]

etc.; -/ajagrabhīt-etc.See saṃ-grah-; subjunctive 2. plural grabhīṣṭa-

; A1. agrahīṣṭa-

; aghṛkṣata-

[not in

];Ved. 3. plural agṛbhran-[

] and agṛbhīṣata-; ind.p. gṛbhītv/ā-

; gṛhītv/ā-,

; grahāya-

; infinitive mood grahītum-[

etc.; confer, compare

;wrongly spelt gṛh-

]; Passive voice gṛhyate-[ future 1st grahītā-or grāhitā- future 2nd grahīṣyate-or grāhiṣy- Aorist agrāhi-,3. dual number agrahīṣātām-or agrāhiṣ-

];Ved. subjunctive 3. plural gṛhyāntai-

;Ved. Passive voice 3. sg. gṛhate-[

]or gṛhe-[

] or gṛhaye-[

; confer, compare gṛhaya-]; subjunctive 1. plural gṛhāmahi-

; Potential gṛhīta-

) to seize, take (by the hand, pāṇau-or kare-,exceptionally pāṇim-(double accusative)

; confer, compare

), grasp, lay hold of (exempli gratia, 'for example' pakṣaṃ-,to take a side, adopt a party

; pāṇim-,"to take by the hand in the marriage ceremony", marry

etc.)

etc. ; to arrest, stop

; to catch, take captive, take prisoner, capture, imprison

etc. ; to take possession of, gain over, captivate

; to seize, overpower (especially said of diseases and demons and the punishments of varuṇa-)

etc. ; to eclipse

; to abstract, take away (by robbery)

; to lay the hand on, claim

; to gain, win, obtain, receive, accept (from ablative,rarely genitive case), keep

etc. (with double accusative

) ; to acquire by purchase (with instrumental case of the price)

etc. ; to choose

; to choose any one (accusative) as a wife ; to take up (a fluid with any small vessel), draw water

; to pluck, pick, gather

; to collect a store of anything

; to use, put on (clothes)

i etc. ; to assume (a shape)

; to place upon (instrumental case or locative case)

; to include

; to take on one's self, undertake, undergo, begin

etc. ; to receive hospitably (a guest), take back (a divorced wife)

; "to take into the mouth", mention, name

etc. ; to perceive (with the organs of sense or with m/anas-), observe, recognise

etc. ; (in astronomy) to observe

; to receive into the mind, apprehend, understand, learn

; (in astronomy) to calculate

; to accept, admit, approve

; to obey, follow

; to take for, consider as

etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant by (instrumental case)

and Scholiast or Commentator : Causal grāhayati-, to cause to take or seize or lay hold of

; to cause to take (by the hand[ pāṇim-]in the marriage ceremony)

; to cause to marry, give away a girl (accusative) in marriage to any one (accusative)

; to cause any one to be captured

; to cause any one to be seized or overpowered (as by varuṇa-'s punishments or death etc.)

; to cause to be taken away

; to make any one take, deliver anything (accusative) over to any one (accusative; exempli gratia, 'for example' āsanam-with accusative"to cause to take a seat, bid any one to sit down"

)

; to make any one choose

(Aorist ajigrahat-) ; to make any one learn, make acquainted or familiar with (accusative)

etc.: Desiderative jighṛkṣati- (confer, compare

), also te-, to be about to seize or take

; to be about to eclipse

; to be about to take away

; to desire to perceive (with the organs of sense), strive to apprehend or recognise

: Intensive jarīgṛhyate-

; ([ confer, compare Zend gerep,geurv; Gothic greipa; German greife; Lithuanian gre1bju; Slavonic or Slavonian grablju1; Hibernian or Irish grabaim,"I devour, stop."])

grāham

ind. (with accusative or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') 53

(see nāma-gr/āh-.)

grāmakāma

mfn. (gr/āma--) one who wishes to possess a village

grāmaṇīthya

(gr/āma--) n. (fr. -nīthya-) the station of the chief of a village or community

grāmaputrikā

f. equals gr/āmakumārikā-

gras

cl.1 P. A1. gr/asati-, te- (perf. Potential A1. jagrasīta-

; parasmE-pada A1.and Passive voice jagrasān/a-

), to seize with the mouth, take into the mouth, swallow, devour, eat, consume

etc. ; to swallow up, cause to disappear

; to eclipse

etc. ; to swallow or slur over words, pronounce indistinctly

(

) 27 ; to suppress, stop or neglect (a lawsuit)

: Causal P. grāsayati-, to cause to swallow or devour

; to consume, swallow

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin gra1-men; German gras; English grass.])

grāvahasta

(gr/āv-) mfn. equals -grābh/a-

gṛha

m. (m. sg. and plural,in later language m. plural and n. sg.) a house, habitation, home

(mṛn-m/aya g-,"house of earth", grave,

)

(adhar/ād g-,"the lower world",

) etc.

gṛhapati

m. a householder of peculiar merit (giving alms and performing all the prescribed ceremonies), especially one who has the precedence at a grand sacrifice (sattr/a-)

etc.

guṇa

m. the string of a musical instrument, chord

: in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' (f(ā-).) with numerals"fold, times" (See c/atur--, tri--, daśa--, dv/i--, pañca--;rarely the numeral stands by itself along with guṇ/a-[ exempli gratia, 'for example' viśiṣṭo daśabhir guṇaiḥ-,"of ten times higher value"

]

;[ guṇa- equals bhāga-]

)

guṇarddha

(guṇ/a-ṛddha-) mfn. powerful through peculiar qualities

guṇī

in compound for ṇ/a-.

guṇya

See guṇ/a-.

gūrta

mfn. (

) approved, welcome, agreeable, (= Latin) gratus-

(confer, compare abh/i--, r/ādho--, viśv/a--, sv/a--; ari--and purugūrt/a-.)

hṛṣ

cl.1 P. A1. h/arṣati-, te- (from P.only parasmE-pada h/arṣat-), to be excited or impatient, rejoice in the prospect of, be anxious or impatient for (dative case)

; to speak or affirm falsely, lie

; cl.4 P. (

) hṛṣyati- (Epic and mc. also te-; perfect tense jaharṣa-, jahṛṣuḥ-; jahṛṣe-, ṣire-

etc.; Aorist ahṛṣat-

; future harṣitā-, harṣiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood harṣitum-

; ind.p. -hṛṣya-

etc.) , to thrill with rapture, rejoice, exult, be glad or pleased

etc. ; to become sexually excited

; to become erect or stiff or rigid, bristle (said of the hairs of the body etc.), become on edge (like the teeth)

: Passive voice hṛṣyate- (Aorist aharṣi-) grammar : Causal harṣ/ayati-, te- (Aorist ajīhṛṣat-,or ajaharṣat-), to excite, make impatient or eager for (victory etc.)

etc. ; to rejoice, be glad

; to cause to bristle

: Desiderative jiharṣiṣati- grammar : Intensive jarīhṛṣyate-, jarharṣṭi- etc. (Ved. forms jarhṛṣanta-, j/arhṛṣāṇa-and jāhṛṣāṇ/a-), to be impatient or excited

; to excite violently

[ confer, compare Latin horreoforhorseo.]

hvṛ

or hvṝ- (see hval-, dhvṛ-) cl.1 P. (

) hv/arati- (in

also hv/arate-; and according to to

also hvṛṇāti-; perfect tense jahvāra-, vartha-, varuḥ- grammar; Aorist ahvārṣīt-, hvārṣīt-, hvār-, hvāriṣuḥ-

; preceding hvaryāt- grammar; future hvartā-, hvariṣyati-

; infinitive mood hvartum-

), to deviate or diverge from the right line, be crooked or curved, bend, go crookedly or wrongly or deviously, stumble, fall, down

etc. (See above) : Causal hvārayati- (Aorist jihvaraḥ-, ratam-; juhuraḥ-, juhūrthāḥ-, juhurāṇ/a-), to cause to go crookedly, lead wrong or astray

; (A1.) to go wrong or astray

: Desiderative juhvūrṣati- grammar : Intensive jāhvaryate-, jāhvarti-

indrajūta

(indr/a--) mfn. promoted or excited or procured by indra-

and

īr

cl.2 A1. /īrte- (3. plural /īrate-

), iraṃ-cakre-, iriṣyati-, airiṣṭa-, īritum- ; Ved. infinitive mood ir/adhyai-

, to go, move, rise, arise from

; to go away, retire

; to agitate, elevate, raise (one's voice)

: Causal P. īr/ayati- (see īl-), to agitate, throw, cast ; to excite

etc. ; to cause to rise ; to bring to life ; to raise one's voice, utter, pronounce, proclaim, cite

etc. ; to elevate

: A1. to raise one's self

irā

f. (also ir/ā-

) (closely allied to iḍā-and iḷā-) any drinkable fluid

iradh

(anomalous Intensive of rādh-) A1. (3. plural iradhanta-

) P. iradhyati-

to endeavour to gain ; to worship ([

]) (The infinitive mood ir/adhyai-(

) is by

referred to this form, and regarded as a shortened form for ir/adhadhyai-;but

refers it to īr-.)

iṣ

cl.1 P. eṣati- (See anu--1. iṣ-and pari--1. iṣ-) A1. eṣate-, to seek, search

: cl.4 P. /iṣyati- and 9. P. A1. iṣṇ/āti- (parasmE-pada iṣṇ/at-

iṣṇān/a-

; perfect tense 3. plural īṣus-

īṣir/e-

; aiṣīt-; infinitive mood iṣ/adhyai-

) to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing

; to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge ; to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim

; to impel, incite, animate, promote

jagdha

n. see apa--, nṛ--, pari--, pr/ati--, vi--, saraṃga--.

jaṃhas

n. see kṛṣṇ/a--, raghu-p/ama--.

jānarājya

n. (fr. jana-r/ājan-) sovereignty

jarā

f. see vi-jar/a-.

jaradaṣṭi

mfn. (r/ad--) attaining great age, very old

jarāmṛtyu

mfn. (r/ā--) dying from age

jaras

f. (only before vowel-terminations

;other cases fr. r/ā- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order j/ara-) the becoming old, decay, old age

etc.

jarasa

in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' equals r/as- (gaRa śarad-ādi-) See ā-jaras/am-, s/āya-

jārya

n. (fr. jār/a-) intimacy

([mfn."to be praised" , fr.3. jrī-

])

jaya

m. (equals tār/a-) Name of a

deity

jīradānu

mfn. (r/a--) (

Va1rtt. 1 and vi, 1, 66) dropping or sprinkling abundantly

jīvadānu

(v/a--) mfn. for jīr/a-d-

joṣaṇa

n. "choosing" See bhūmi-joṣaṇ/a-

jṝ

(see jur-) cl.1 P. (3. plural j/aranti-; imperative 2. dual number j/aratam-; parasmE-pada j/arat-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) to make old or decrepit

; to cause to grow old,

; (1. jṛ-) to humiliate

: cl.4 P. j/īryati- (

etc.;also A1. te-; parasmE-pada jīryat-,rarely yamāṇa-;once cl.1 A1. subjunctive 3. plural jaranta-

; cl.9. jṛṇāti-

; cl.10. jārayati-,

; perfect tense jaj/āra-,

;once jāgāra-,

;3. plural jajarur-and jerur-

; Aorist ajarat-and ajārīt-,

; subjunctive 3. plural jāriṣur-

; future 1st jaritā-and rītā-

; ind.p. ritvā-and rītvā-

) to grow old, become decrepit, decay, wear out, wither, be consumed, break up, perish

etc. ; to be dissolved or digested

;

; : Causal jarayati- (Epic also A1. te-; parasmE-pada r/ayat-

[once, jar-,

] etc.) to make old, wear out, consume

etc. ; to digest

; to cause to be digested

jraya

See pṛthu-jr/aya-.

jri

cl.1 P. jr/ayati-, to go

; to overpower

; see upa--.

jur

(jṝ-) cl.4.6. P. jūryati- ( jūr- A1. te-

; parasmE-pada j/ūryat-and jur/at-; perfect tense parasmE-pada jujurv/as-) to become old or decrepit, decay, perish

; to cause to grow old or perish,

; see a-jury/a-.

juṣ

cl.6 A1. ṣ/ate- (also P.

[ ṣ/at-, /ajuṣat-]

etc.; subjunctive ṣāte-; Potential ṣ/eta-;3. plural ṣerata-

; imperative ṣ/atām-; imperfect tense ajuṣata-,

;1. sg. /ajuṣe-

; parasmE-pada ṣ/amāṇa-) cl.3. P. irregular j/ujoṣati- (subjunctive and parasmE-pada j/ujoṣat-; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 2; imperative 2. plural juṣṭana-

) , rarely cl.1 P. joṣati- (subjunctive j/oṣat-;- Aorist parasmE-pada juṣāṇ/a-;3. plural ajuṣran-,

;2. sg. j/oṣi-,

;3. sg. j/oṣiṣat-,

[ confer, compare

]; perfect tense juj/oṣa-, juṣ/e-; parasmE-pada juṣv/as-,generally ṣāṇ/a-; ind.p. juṣṭv/ī-

) to be pleased or satisfied or favourable

etc. ; to like, be fond of delight in (accusative or genitive case), enjoy

(with tanvām-or v/as-,"to be delighted",

)

etc. ; to have pleasure in granting anything (accusative) to (locative case)

; to have pleasure in (dative case), resolve to (Ved. infinitive mood),

; to give pleasure to (locative case)

; to choose for (dative case)

; to devote one's self to (accusative), practise, undergo, suffer

; to delight in visiting, frequent, visit, inhabit, enter (a carriage etc.)

; to afflict

: Causal A1. (subjunctive 2. sg. joṣ/ayāse-) to like, love, behave kindly towards (accusative), cherish

; to delight in, approve of(accusative), choose

; (P. confer, compare

)

; ([ confer, compare ; Zend zaoSa; Hibernian or Irish gus; Gothic kiusu; Latin gus-tus.])

juṣāṇa

m. Name of a sacrificial formula containing the word juṣāṇ/a- (Aorist p.)

jūta

mfn. see /adri-- /indra--, d/asyu--, dev/a--, br/ahma--, v/āta--, v/ipra--.

jūti

m. see r/atha--.

jvāra

See nava-jvār/a-, pra--.

jvaranāśinī

f. equals r/ari-

jyeṣṭhatāti

f. equals -r/āj-

jyotis

m. see d/akṣiṇā--, śukr/a--, sa--, h/iraṇya--, etc.

kāṇeri

See kāṇ/a-.

kāṇūka

m. ( kaṇ-

) a crow (wrongly written kānūka- see kāṇ/a-)

karaṇa

mf(ī-)n (once karaṇ/a-

) doing, making, effecting, causing (especially in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see antakaraṇa-, uṣṇaṃ-k-,etc.)

etc.

karāṅgaṇa

See under 1. kar/a-, .

karas

See under 1. kar/a-.

karasna

See under 1. kar/a-.

karṇa

m. ( kṛt-

;1. kṝ-

), the ear

(/api k/arṇe-,behind the ear or back, from behind

[ see apikarṇ/a-]; karṇe-,[in dramatic language ] into the ear, in a low voice, aside

; karṇaṃ- dā-,to give ear to, listen to

; karṇam ā-gam-,to come to one's ear, become known to

)

karṇa

(mfn. karṇ/a-), eared, furnished with ears or long ears

karṇa

(according to to some also, karṇ/a-, mfn. "cropped or defective on the ears") in compound

karṣa

m. "anything scratched off" See kṣāma-karṣa-miśr/a-

kārṣṇa

mf(ī-)n. (fr. kṛṣṇ/a-), coming from or belonging to the black antelope, made of the skin of the black antelope

kāti

mfn. (fr.3. kā-),"wishing, desiring"(only in compound See ṛṇ/a-kāti-and k/āma-kāti- see ṛṇa-c/it-)

kaumāra

mf(ī-)n. (fr. kumār/a-,or rī-

), juvenile, youthful, belonging to a youth or young girl, maiden, maidenly, (k/aumāra lok/a-,the youths and girls

; kaumārī bhāryā-[

and

],"a virgin wife, one who has not had a husband previously"

; kaumāra pati-[

;or ra bhartṛ-

],"a man who marries a virgin"

; kaumāra vrata-,a vow of abstinence

)

ketu

m. aruṇ/āḥ ket/avaḥ-,"red apparitions", a class of spirits (a kind of sacrificial fire is called after them āruṇaketuka- q.v)

khādiraka

mfn. fr. khadir/a- gaRa arīhaṇādi- and varāhādi-.

khadiravanika

etc. See khadir/avaṇika-.

khādirāyaṇa

m. patronymic fr. khadir/a- gaRa aśvādi-.

khara

mf(ā-)n. hard, harsh, rough, sharp, pungent, acid (opposed to mṛd/u-and ślakṣṇ/a-)

etc.

kharajru

(r/a--) mfn. sharp or quick in motion

kharakaṇṭha

(khar/a--) m. Name of a mythical being

khulla

mfn. (see kṣulla-;Prakrit form for kṣudr/a-) small, little

khuṇḍ

cl.1 A1. ḍate-, to break in pieces

; to limp

: cl.10 P. khuṇḍayati- (varia lectio khoḍayati- see kṣodayati-fr. kṣudr/a-), to break in pieces

khura

m. (for kṣur/a-) a razor

kṛ

Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- (

) ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also

), /akran- (Aorist,according to

); A1. /akri- (

), /akṛthās- (

), /akṛta- (

); akrātām- (

), /akrata- (

) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also

), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- (

) , 3. plural kr/anta- (

) : Potential kriyāma- (

); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to

) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- (

) (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (

); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (

), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā-

), kṛṇavase- (also

varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- (

) or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- (

) : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi-

); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after

]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- (

) : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also

), kuruta- or kurutana- (

); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- (

), vāma- or vāmas- (

), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (

; he-

), karavaithe-, vaite- (

), vāmahai-(he-

) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (

); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (

); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam-

); A1. cakrāṇa- (

) : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (

); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (

), acakrat- (

), /acakriran- (

); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (

); Class. akārṣīt- (

;once akāraṣīt-

); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- (

) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([

]) and kṛtv/āya- ([

]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake

etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command)

; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build

; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case)

etc. ; to compose, describe

; to cultivate

(confer, compare

) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"

; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"

; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry

; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love

; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider

; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog '

;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-]

; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of

) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[

etc.] or buddhim-[

] or matim-[

]or bhāvam-[

], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief

; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going

; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd

; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him

) ; to think of (accusative)

; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal

)

etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume

; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case)

; to make liable to (dative case)

; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden)

; to appoint, institute

; to give an order, commission

; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-)

; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city)

; to proceed, act, put in practice

etc. ; to worship, sacrifice

; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-)

(

), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula (

) ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram-

; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw

) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-)

The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty

; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([

]) or salilaṃ- ([

]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons

; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute

; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc.

; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate

; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- (

) , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see

;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti-

; imperfect tense akar-

and

;3. plural akran-

and

; preceding kriyāt-

(See

);according to

, also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see

] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made

; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade

; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee

) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate

etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house

)

. Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word

; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly

; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does

) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs-

) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after

etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship

: Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See

), to do repeatedly

; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([

]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator

]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .])

kṛ

cl.3 P. parasmE-pada cakr/at- (Potential 2. sg. cakriyās-; Aorist 1. sg. akārṣam-[

] or akāriṣam-[

]) , to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (genitive case)

: Intensive (1. sg. carkarmi-,1. plural carkirāma-,3. plural carkiran-; imperative 2. sg. carkṛt/āt-and carkṛdhi-; Aorist 3. sg. A1. c/arkṛṣe-) idem or 'mfn. (proper Passive voice p.) being done etc.'

(see kār/u-, kīr/i-, kīrt/i-.)

kṝ

cl.6 P. kir/ati- (

; perf. -cakāra-

; 2nd future kariṣyati-; 1st future karitā-or karītā-

; Aorist akārīt-[Ved. s/aṃ k/āriṣat-]; ind.p. -kīrya-; Passive voice kīryate-), to pour out, scatter, throw, cast, disperse

etc. ; to throw up in a heap, heap up

: A1. kirate-, to throw off from one's self

: P. to strew, pour over, fill with, cover with

; (perf. 3. plural cakarur-)

: Desiderative cikariṣati-

: Intensive cākarti-

; ([ confer, compare Greek , .])

krā

dadhi-- and rudhi-kr/ā-.

kram

cl.1 P. A1. kr/āmati- (

; Epic also kramati-), kramate- (

, Epic also krāmate-;according to

cl.4 P. krāmyati-[ kramyati-

]; Aorist akramīt-

etc.; A1. kr/amiṣṭa-, kraṃsate-[

] , 3. plural c/akramanta-[

]; perf. cakrāma-,or cakrame-; parasmE-pada cakramāṇ/a-

; future kramiṣyati-or kraṃsyate- ind.p. krāntvā-, krantvā-,or kramitvā-

), to step, walk, go, go towards, approach (with /accha-, /adhi- accusative or locative case)

etc. ; to approach in order to ask for assistance (with locative case)

; to go across, go over

etc. ; Ved. to climb (as on a tree's branch)

; to cover (in copulation)

; to stretch over, project over, tower above, (ind.p. krāntvā-)

; to take possession of

; A1. to undertake, strive after, make effort for (dative case)

; (locative case)

; A1. (

) to proceed well, advance, make progress, gain a footing, succeed, have effect

; to be appliable or practicable

; P. to be liable to the peculiar arrangement of a Vedic text called krama- (id est to be doubled, as a letter or word)

; A1. to read according to the krama- arrangement of a Vedic text

(a-krānta-): Causal P. kramayati-, to cause to step

; kramayati- or krām-, to make liable to the peculiar arrangement called krama- (id est to double a letter or word)

etc.: Intensive caṅkramyate- (

; parasmE-pada caṅ-kramy/amāṇa-[

]or kramam-

and

) or caṅkramīti- (

; imperfect tense 2. plural caṅkramata-

; future parasmE-pada caṅkramiṣy/at-

; ind.p. mitvā-

; see mit/a-), to step to and fro, walk or wander about.

krand

cl.1 P. A1. kr/andati-, krandate- (varia lectio kradate-fr. krad-

; subjunctive kr/andat-; imperfect tense krandat-and /akrandat-; Aorist 2. sg. kradas-, cakradas-,and /akrān-,3. sg. akrān-and /akrān-; akrandīt-

; parasmE-pada kr/andat-), to neigh (as a horse), roar (metaphorically applied to the clouds and to wind and water)

; to creak (as a wheel)

; to sound, make a noise

; to cry piteously, weep, lament, grieve, be confused with sorrow

etc. ; to call out piteously to any one (accusative)

(perf. cakranda-)

: Causal krandayati- (Aorist /acikradat-,3. plural dan-), to cause to roar

; to cause to weep or lament

; to roar, rave

; to neigh after (accusative)

: Intensive P. k/anikrantti- (A1. ntte-

; parasmE-pada k/anikradat-,once k/anikrat-

; parasmE-pada A1. kanikrady/amana-

) , to neigh, roar, rave, cry out

; to creak, crackle

; ([ confer, compare Gothic gre1ta,"to lament."])

kratu

m. desire, will (instrumental case kr/atvā-,willingly, readily

; /ekena kr/atunā-,through the mere will

)

kratu

m. intelligence, understanding (exempli gratia, 'for example' bhadr/a kr/atu-,right judgement, good understanding;also in conjunction or in compound or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with d/akṣa-See kr/atu-d/akṣau-and dakṣakrat/ū-)

kratumat

mfn. (kr/atu--) intelligent, prudent, wise

kraurya

n. (fr. krūr/a-), cruelty, fierceness, hard-heartedness

(plural)

kravya

mfn. equals krūr/a-

krī

cl.9 P. A1. krīṇ/āti-, krīṇīte- (future parasmE-pada kreṣyat-

; ind.p. krīv/ā-

), to buy, purchase (with instrumental case of the price, and ablative or genitive case of the person from whom anything is bought exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a im/am indraṃ daś/abhir dhen/ubhir m/ama krīṇāti-,who will buy this indra- of me for ten cows?

; yam mātā-pitror antikāt-[or sakāśāt-] krīṇīyāt-whom he may buy from his father and mother

; krīṇīṣva tad daśabhiḥ suvarṇaih-,buy that for ten suvarṇa-s): Causal P. krāpayati-

([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish creanaim,"I buy, purchase" ; Greek Lithuanian prekis,perku(?); Latin pretium; English hire.])

krivi

m. a Name of rudra- (varia lectio kr/ayin- q.v)

kṛṣṇa

mf(/ā-)n. black, dark, dark-blue (opposed to śvet/a-, śukl/a-, r/ohita-,and aruṇ/a-)

etc.

kṛṣṇa

m. a kind of animal feeding on carrion

(kṛṣṇ/a-)

kṛṣṇagrīva

(kṛṣṇ/a--) mf(/ī-)n. black-necked

kṛṣṇajaṃhas

(kṛṣṇ/a--) mfn. black-winged ["having a black path"

and

]

kṛṣṇapavi

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. having black tires (said of agni-)

kṛṣṇaśabala

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. (

) of a dark variegated colour

kṛṣṇaśapha

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. having black hoofs

)

kṛṣṇaśīrṣan

(ṣṇ/a--), mfn. black-headed,

kṛṣṇasīta

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. drawing black furrows ["having a black path"

]

kṛṣṇatūṣa

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. having a black seam or selvage

kṛṣṇavāla

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. black-tailed

)

kṛṣṇavartani

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. having a black path (said of agni-)

kṛṣṇavyathis

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. one whose path is black (said of agni-)

kṛṣṇayāma

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. having a black path (said of agni-)

kṛṣṇayoni

(ṣṇ/a--) mfn. having a black pudendum muliebre

kṛṣṭi

f. plural (once only sg.

) men, races of men (sometimes with the epithet m/ānuṣīs-[

] or n/āhuṣīs-[

] or mānav/īs-[

]; see carṣaṇ/i-;originally the word may have meant cultivated ground, then an inhabited land, next its inhabitants, and lastly any race of men; indra- and agni- have the N. r/ājā-or p/atiḥ kṛṣṭīn/ām-;the term p/añca kṛṣṭ/ayas-,perhaps originally designating the five Aryan tribes of the yadu-s, turvaśa-s, druhyu-s, anu-s, and pūru-s, comprehends the whole human race, not only the Aryan tribes)

kṛt

cl.7 P. kṛṇ/atti- (imperfect tense 3. plural /akṛntan-), to twist threads, spin

(

) ; to wind (as a snake)

(pr. p. f. kṛntat/ī-) ; to surround, encompass, attire

krūra

mf(/ā-)n. (fr. krav/i-s- see sthūr/a-and sth/avira-), wounded, hurt, sore

kṣaipra

mfn. (fr. kṣipr/a-),"produced by speaking quickly", a term for a kind of saṃdhi- produced by changing the first of two concurrent vowels to its semivowel

kṣātra

mf(ī-)n. (fr. kṣatr/a-), belonging or relating or peculiar to the second caste

etc.

kṣātra

etc. See kṣatr/a-.

kṣatrapati

(tr/a--) m. the possessor of dominion

kṣātri

m. (fr. kṣatr/a-) the son of a man of the second caste

kṣauṇī

See kṣoṇ/a- above.

kṣaura

mfn. (fr. kṣur/a-), performed with a razor (with karman-,"shaving")

kṣaurapavya

mfn. (fr. kṣur/a-pavi-), very sharp-edged, very sharp

("formed out of razors and thunderbolts",

) .

kṣeṇa

See 1. kṣayaṇ/a-.

kṣepiṣṭha

mfn. (See kṣipr/a-

) quickest, speediest

kṣi

cl.1 P. kṣayati- (only once

) cl.5 P. kṣiṇoti- (

etc.;1. sg. kṣiṇ/omi-

for ṇ/āmi-of

) cl.9 P. kṣiṇ/āti- (3. plural kṣiṇ/anti-; perf. 3. dual number cikṣiyatur-

), to destroy, corrupt, ruin, make an end of (accusative), kill, injure

etc.: Passive voice kṣīy/ate- (

;3. plural kṣ/īyante-

; Aorist subjunctive kṣeṣṭa-[

] or kṣāyi-

; Conditional akṣeṣyata-

), to be diminished, decrease, wane (as the moon) , waste away, perish

etc. ; to pass (said of the night)

: Causal P. kṣapayati- (future yiṣyati-), rarely A1. te- (

) , very rarely kṣayayati- (

edition Calc.) , to destroy, ruin, make an end of (accusative), finish

etc. ; to weaken

; to pass (as the night or time, kṣapām-, pās-, kālam-)

; ([ see , etc.])

kṣī

= 4. kṣi- (derived fr. kṣīṇ/a-, -kṣ/īya-)

(varia lectio)

kṣipradhanvan

(pr/a--) mfn. armed with an elastic bow which flies back with a spring

kṣīrahotṛ

(r/a--) mfn. (gaRa yuktārohy-ādi-) equals -yāj/in-

kṣṇu

cl.2 P. kṣṇauti- (

; future 1st kṣṇavitā-

; pr. p. kṣṇuvāṇ/a-), to whet, sharpen

; ([ confer, compare Greek ,, kṣur/a-.])

kṣodiṣṭha

mfn. (See kṣudr/a-

) smallest, thinnest

kṣodīyas

mfn. (See kṣudr/a-

) smaller, still inferior

kṣoṇī

f.(Nominal verb sg. also ṇ/īs- Nominal verb plural ṇ/īs-,once ṇ/ayas-

) a multitude of men, people (as opposed to the chief)

kṣoṇi

f. plural (/ayas-) See kṣoṇ/a-.

kṣud

cl.1 P. kṣ/odati-, to strike against, shake

(

) ; A1. to move, be agitated or shaken

: cl.7 P. A1. kṣuṇatti-, kṣuntte- (imperfect tense akṣuṇat-; Aorist 3. plural akṣautsur-; future kṣotsyati-

), to stamp or trample upon

: Causal kṣodayati- (imperfect tense /akṣodayat-), to shake or agitate by stamping

; to crush, pound, pulverise

; (Nom. P.fr. kṣudr/a-) to reduce, diminish

; ([ confer, compare Greek , for, ; Lithuanian skausti ?])

kṣudrapṛṣatī

(dr/a--) f. (a cow) covered with small spots

kṣudrīya

mfn. fr. dr/a- gaRa utkarādi-.

kṣulla

mfn. (originally a Prakrit form of kṣudr/a-;derived fr. 2. kṣ/udh-and lā-

) small, little, minute, inferior

kṣurabhṛṣṭi

(r/a--) f. furnished with sharp angles

kukkura

m. (

;fr. kurkur/a-), a dog

kumāradeṣṇa

(r/a--) mfn. whose gifts are like those of children, id est "who gives and takes back"

kumāravat

(r/a-.), m. Name (also title or epithet) of a man,

kumārī

f. of r/a- q.v

madana

mfn. equals mandr/a-

mahiṣa

m. (with supar/a-) the sun

majra

See khara-majr/a-.

mandrajihva

(mandr/a--) mfn. "pleasing-tongued", pleasant-voiced

mandratama

(mandr/a--) mfn. most or more pleasant or charming

mandratara

(mandr/a--) mfn. most or more pleasant or charming

mandraya

Nom. A1. dr/ayate-, to praise, honour (= arcati-)

mantr

(properly a Nom.fr. mantra-,), cl.10 A1. (

) mantr/ayate- (rarely P. ti-; subjunctive mantrayaithe-, te-

; Potential mantrayīta-

; infinitive mood mantrayitum-

), to speak, talk, say

; to deliberate, take counsel, consult with (instrumental case with or without saha-) or about (dative case)

etc. ; to resolve upon, determine to (infinitive mood)

; to deliberate on, discuss (accusative)

etc. ; to counsel, advise, propose any measure, give any one advice (with accusative of Persian,or with genitive case of Persian and accusative of thing)

etc. ; to consecrate with sacred or magical texts, enchant with spells or charms

marāyin

mar/āyu- See above.

mas

equals mās- in candr/a-mas-.

mathna

(only mathn/ā-

), prob. wrong reading for mathr/a-.

matsaravat

(r/a--) mfn. exhilarating, intoxicating

mātuḥṣvasṛ

mātur-bhrātr/a- See column 3.

mitra

m. dual number equals mitr/a-varuṇa-

mitradhita

(mitr/a--) n. (

) a covenant or contract of friendship.

mitradhiti

(mitr/a--) f. (

) a covenant or contract of friendship.

mitradruh

mfn. (Nominal verb mitr/a-druh-) seeking to injure a friend, the betrayer of a friend, a false or treacherous friend

[ confer, compare Zend mithradruj]

mitragupta

mfn. (mitr/a--) protected by mitra-

mitramahas

(mitr/a-.) mfn. (perhaps) having plenty of friend, rich in friend

mitrāvaruṇa

m. dual number mitra- and varuṇa-

etc. etc. (together they uphold and rule the earth and sky, together they guard the world, together they promote religious rites, avenge sin, and are the lords of truth and light see under 1. mitr/a-above; ṇayor ayanam-and ṇayor iṣṭiḥ-Name of particular sacrifices; ṇayoḥ saṃyojanam-Name of a sāman-)

etc. (sg., wrong reading for maitrāvaruṇa-

)

mitreru

See under 1. mitr/a- above.

mṛ

cl.6 A1. (

) mriy/ate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; cl.1 P. A1. marati-, m/arate-

; imperative mara-,

; perfect tense mam/āra-, mamruḥ-

etc.; parasmE-pada mamṛv/as-

; A1. mamrire-

; Aorist amṛta- subjunctive mṛthāh-

; Potential murīya-.

; mriṣīṣṭa-

; future martā- grammar; mariṣyati-

etc.; te-

; infinitive mood martum-

etc.; martave-

; ind.p. mṛtv/ā-

; -māram-

), to die, decease

etc. etc.: Passive voice mriyate- (confer, compare above;sometimes used impers, with instrumental case; perfect tense mamre-; Aorist amāri-)

: Causal mār/ayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist, amīmarat-): Passive voice māryate-, to cause to die, kill, slay

etc. etc.: Desiderative of Causal See mimārayiṣu-: Desiderative mumūrṣati- (

) , to wish or be about to die, face death

: Intensive memrīyate-, marmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend mar,mareta; Greek for ; Latin mors,morioretc.; Slavonic or Slavonian mre8ti; Lithuanian mi4rti; Gothic maurthr; German Mord,morden; English murder.])

mṛdhravāc

(mṛdhr/a--) mfn. speaking injuriously or contumeliously, insulting

mṛṇ

(see mṝ-) cl.6 P. (

) mṛṇ/ati-, to crush, smash, slay, kill

; to thread, winnow

muṣ

cl.9.1. P. (

varia lectio; see 1. mūṣ-) muṣṇ/āti-, m/oṣati- (Epic also cl.6 P. muṣati-;2. sg. Imp. muṣāṇa-

; perfect tense mumoṣa-; Aorist amoṣīt-,2. sg. moṣīs-

;fut, moṣitā-, moṣiṣyati- grammar; ind.p. muṣitvā-

; m/udṣya-

; infinitive mood muṣ/e-

; moṣitum- grammar), to steal, rob, plunder, carry off (also with two accusative =take away from, deprive of)

etc. ; to ravish, captivate, enrapture (the eyes or the heart)

etc. ; to blind, dazzle (the eyes)

; to cloud, obscure (light or the intellect)

; to break, destroy

(see mus-): Passive voice , muṣyate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist amoṣi-), to be stolen or robbed

etc.: Causal , noṣayati- (Aorist amūmuṣat-) grammar : Desiderative mumuṣiṣati-

(see munuṣiṣu-): Intensive momuṣyate-, momoṣṭi-

[For kindred wordsSee under 2. m/ūṣ-,p.827.]

naraka

mn. (

; nar/aka-

) hell, place of torment

etc.

naraṃdhiṣa

m. (nar/aṃ--) "watching or heeding men (?)", Name of viṣṇu-

nārī

f. (of r/a- q.v) a woman, a wife (in older language also n/āri-)

etc.

nārika

mf(ī-)n. spiritual

(see nār/a-).

navan

plural (Nominal verb accusative r/ava-; instrumental case nav/abhis- ablative dative case bhyas- locative case su-;Class, also navabh/is-, bhy/as-, s/u-; genitive case navān/ām-

) nine

[ confer, compare Zend navan; Greek for fr fa Latin,no7vem; Gothic and Old HGerm.niun,OSax. and Anglo-Saxon nigun,NHGerm.neun, English nine.]

nicuṅkuṇa

m. v.r. for nicumpuṇ/a- below

nigrah

P. A1. -gṛhṇāti-, ṇīte- (dative case infinitive mood -gr/abhe-

), to hold down, lower, depress

; to keep or hold back, draw near, attract

etc. ; to seize, catch, hold, hold fast, stop, restrain, suppress, curb, tame, punish

etc. ; to contract, close (as the eyes)

Causal -grāhayati-, to cause to be apprehended or seized

: Causal of Desiderative -jighṛkṣayati- (parasmE-pada ṣayat-), to cause any one to desire to overpower or excel

niḥsphur

P. -sphur/ati-, to jerk or hurl away

niḥsru

P. -sr/avati-, to flow out or off

rise from (ablative)

; to disappear or be lost to or from (ablative)

: Causal -srāvayats-, to cause to flow out (as a pond)

; to cause to disappear from or be lost to or from (ablative),

niraja

See su-nir/aja-.

nirvīra

mfn. (n/ir--) deprived of men or heroes

( nirvīratā r/a-tā- f.

)

niryu

(only A1. present tense parasmE-pada -yuvāṇ/a- mfn.) to keep away, ward off

niṣeddhra

See a-niṣeddhr/a-.

nīthya

See gr/āma-ṇīthya-.

nṛ

m. (accusative n/aram- dative case n/are- genitive case ablative n/aras-, locative case n/ari-; dual number n/arā-, n/arau-; plural Nominal verb vocative case n/aras- accusative n/ṝn-[may also stand for other cases;for the final, n-before p- see

] instrumental case n/ṛbhis-,or nṛbh/is-; dative case ablative n/ṛbhya-or nṛbhy/as- locative case n/ṛṣu-or nṛṣ/u-[

] genitive case nar/ām-. nṛṇām-or nṝṇām-[

]) a man, hero (used also of gods) , person

nṛṣadvara

(

;but see ni-ṣadvar/a-under ni-ṣad-) mfn. sitting or dwelling among men.

ogīyas

(equals /ojīyas-), Comparative degree of ugr/a-,

ojiṣṭha

mfn. superl. of ugr/a- q.v

ojīyas

mfn. Comparative degree of ugr/a- q.v

pādamātra

n. (tr/a-), mt(/ī-)n. a foot long

pañcarātra

mfn. (tr/a-) lasting 5 days

(also traka-

)

paras

ind. (with ablative) beyond, on the other side of (also en/ā par/aḥ-)

paras

ind. (with locative case) over, more than (only triṃś/ati tr/ayas par/aḥ-,three more than thirty id est 33)

paraspa

mfn. (r/as-) protecting

pāratas

(pādr/a--) ind. opposite the opposite bank or the further side, beyond (genitive case)

parauru

(r/a--) mf(vī-)n. broad on the outside or behind

(see paro-varīyas-).

parigrah

P. A1. -gṛhṇāti-, ṇīte- (imperative 2. sg. -gṛhāṇa-

; imperfect tense -agṛhṇāḥ-

;3. sg. -agṛhṇat-

;3. plural -agṛhṇan-

; A1. -agṛhṇanta-

; perfect tense 1. sg. -jagr/abha-

;3. sg. -jagrāha-

etc.; ind.p. -gṛhya-

etc.) , to take hold of on both sides, embrace, surround, enfold, envelop

etc. ; to fence round, hedge round

; to occupy on both sides (sarasvatīm-)

; to seize, clutch, grasp, catch

; to put on, wear (as a dress or ornament)

; to take or carry along with one

etc. ; to take possession of, master, overpower

; to take (in war), take prisoner, conquer

; to take (food)

; to receive, (also as a guest) accept

; to take, adopt, conform to, follow

etc. ; to take by the hand, assist

; to take (a wife), marry

; to surpass, excel

; (in Vedic or Veda gram.) to enclose (iti-) between a word twice repeated

(see pari-graha-).

parikram

P. -krāmati- (rarely A1. te-; parasmE-pada -krāmat-; perfect tense -cakrāma-, -cakramur-; Aorist -akramīt-; infinitive mood -krāntum-; ind.p. -kr/āmam-,or -kramya-), to step or walk round or about, circumambulate, roam over, walk through, visit (with accusative)

etc. ; to go past, escape

; to outstrip, overtake

: Intensive -caṅkramati-, to move or walk about perpetually

paripruṣ

(only pr. p. -pruṣṇ/at-), to sprinkle about

parirakṣ

P. -r/akṣati- (Epic also te-; infinitive mood -rakṣitum-), to guard well or completely, rescue, save, defend from (ablative)

etc. ; to keep, conceal, keep secret

etc. ; to protect, rule, govern (accusative)

; to avoid, shun

; (A1.) to get out of a person's (genitive case) way

phaṇ

cl.1 P. (

) ph/aṇati- (

; perfect tense paphāṇa-,2. sg. paphaṇitha-,or pheṇitha-

; Aorist aphāṇīt-,

; future phaṇiṣyati-, ṇitā- grammar), to go, move

(with samāptim-,"to be accomplished"

) : Causal phāṇ/ayati- (or phaṇ-

), to cause to bound

; to draw off (the surface of a fluid) , skim

: Desiderative piphaṇiṣati- grammar : Intensive pr.p. -paṇiphaṇat- (

), pamphaṇat- (

),bounding, leaping.

pṛ

cl.3 P. (

) p/iparti- (3. plural p/iprati-

; imperative pipṛhi-

; para-

; cl.9 P. pṛṇāti-,"to protect"

; perfect tense 3. plural pipruḥ-

[ equals pūrṇāḥ- Scholiast or Commentator ]; Aorist subjunctive parṣi-, parṣati-, parṣa-, pāriṣat-

; apārīt-

; infinitive mood parṣ/aṇi-

), to bring over or to (accusative), bring out of, deliver from (ablative), rescue, save, protect, escort, further, promote

; to surpass, excel (accusative)

; to be able (with infinitive mood)

: Causal pār/ayati- (Epic and mc. also te-; Aorist apīparat-; Passive voice pāryate-), to bring over or out, rescue, protect, save, preserve, keep alive

etc. ; to get over, overcome, bring to an end

; to resist, withstand, be a match for (accusative)

etc. ; to be capable of or able to (with an infinitive mood which after pāryate-has a pass. sense; confer, compare śak-and

)

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin porta,peritus; Slavonic or Slavonian pirati; German fahren; English fare.]

pṝ

cl.9 P. (

) pṛṇ/āti-

; cl.6 P. ( pṛṇ-,

) priṇ/ati-

; cl.3 P. (

) p/iparti-

(also A1.; imperative pipīpṛhi-

; perfect tense papāra-,3. plural paparuḥ-,or papruḥ-

; pupūre-, rire-

; -pupūryās-

; papṛv/as-[?]

; Aorist apārīt- grammar, pūriṣṭhās-

; imperative pūrdh/i-

; preceding priyāsam-

, pūryāt- grammar; future parīṣyati-, parītā- grammar; ind.p. pūrtvā- grammar, -pūrya-

; -pūram-[in compound with its object; confer, compare udara-p-, goṣpada-p-, carma-p-.and

]; infinitive mood pṛṇ/adhyai-

; -puras-

; pūritum-

), to fill (A1."one's self")

; to fill with air, blow into (accusative)

; to sate, cherish, nourish, bring up

; to refresh (as the pitṛ-s)

(Aorist apārīt- varia lectio atārpsīt-) ; to grant abundantly, bestow on (dative case), present with (instrumental case)

(often parasmE-pada pṛṇ/at-= bounteous, liberal, ungrudging) ; to fulfil, satisfy (as a wish)

: Passive voice pūry/ate- (Epic also ti-,and

A1. p/ūryate-, parasmE-pada p/ūyamāṇa-), to be filled with, become full of (instrumental case), be sated

etc. ; to become complete (as a number)

: Causal pārayati-, to fill

; to fulfil (only Aorist pīparat-)

; pūr/ayati- (

), te- (Passive voice pūryate-[ confer, compare above]; Aorist apūri-, apūriṣṭa-), to fill, fill up with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to fill (with a noise, said also of the noise itself)

; to fill with wind, blow (a conch)

; to draw (a bow or an arrow to the ear)

; to make full, complete, supplement (a sentence)

; to cover completely, overspread, bestrew, surround

etc. ; to load or enrich or present with (instrumental case)

; to fulfil (a wish or hope)

etc. ; to spend completely (a period of time)

: Desiderative piparīṣati-, pupūrṣati- grammar : Intensive pāparti-, popūrti-, popūryate-

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin plere,plenus; Lit.pi4lti,pi4lnas; Slavonic or Slavonian plu8nu8; Gothic fulls; German voll; English full.]

prā

cl.2 P. (

) prāti- (perfect tense P. papr/au-or paprā-,2. sg. paprātha-, parasmE-pada papriv/as- f. pr/uṣī-

; A1. papre-,2. sg. priṣe-

; papre-as Passive voice,Bhatt aor 3. sg. aprāt-or aprās-

; subjunctive pr/ās-or pr/āsi-

; Aorist Passive voice aprāyi-

), to fill

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin ple1-nus.]

prababhra

m. Name of indra-

(see pravabhr/a-).

prabādhita

mfn. (pr/a--) driven, urged on

prabharman

n. (pr/a--) placing before, presenting

prabhartṛ

(pr/a--) m. bringer, procurer (with accusative)

prabhṛti

f. (pr/a--) bringing forward, offering (of sacrifice or praise)

prabhūti

f. (pr/a--) source, origin

pracetas

(pr/a--) mfn. attentive, observant, mindful, clever, wise (said of the gods, especially of agni- and the āditya-s)

pracetas

(pr/a--) mfn. happy, delighted

pracetas

(pr/a--) m. Name of varuṇa-

pracetas

(pr/a--) m. Name of a prajā-pati- (an ancient sage and law-giver)

( pracetassmṛti -smṛti- f.Name of work)

pracetas

(pr/a--) m. Name of a prince (son of duduha-)

pracetas

(pr/a--) m. Name of a son of duryāman-

pracetas

(pr/a--) m. Name of a son of dur-mada-

pracetas

(pr/a--) m. plural (wrong reading prāc-) Name of the 10 sons of prācīna-barhis- by a daughter of varuṇa- (they are the progenitors of dakṣa-)

prach

cl.6 P. (

), pṛcchati- (Ved. and Epic also A1. pṛcchate-; perfect tense papraccha-

etc., papṛkṣ/e-[?]

; Aorist /aprākṣīt-

etc., /aprāṭ-

, apraṣṭa-

; future prakṣyati-

etc., praṣṭā- grammar; ind.p. pṛṣṭvā-, -pṛcchya-

; infinitive mood pr/aṣṭum-

etc., -p/ṛccham-, cche-

), to ask, question, interrogate (accusative) ; to ask after inquire about (accusative) ; to ask or interrogate any one (accusative) about anything (accusative dative case locative case, prati-,or adhikṛtya-with accusative; arthe-or hetoḥ- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

(pr.p. A1. pṛcchamāna-,"asking one's self"

) etc. etc. ; (in astrology) to consult the future

; (with nāmato mātaram-) to inquire about one's (genitive case) mother's name

; (with na-) not to trouble one's self with

; to seek, wish, long for ; to ask, demand, beg, entreat (accusative)

: Passive voice pṛcchy/ate-, to be asked or questioned about (act. dative case etc., as above )

etc. etc.: Causal pracchayati- (Aorist apapracchat-) grammar : Desiderative pipṛcchiṣati-

: Intensive parīpṛcchyate-

[Orig. pṛk-; confer, compare Latin preces,procus;poscereforporscere; Slavonic or Slavonian prositi; Lithuanian praszy4ti; German fra7he7n,fragen;forsko7n,forschen.]

prāch

incorrect for prāś- See 3. pr/ās-.

prācikā

f. (see pr/ajika-) a musquito

pracikita

(pr/a--) mfn. knowing, familiar or conversant with

(

)

prācīnayogīputra

(pr/ācīna--) m. Name of a teacher

prācīnayogya

m. (pr/ācīna--) patronymic fr. -yoga-

etc.

pracyuta

(pr/a--) mfn. routed, put to flight expelled, banished, retreated

pracyuta

(pr/a--) mfn. streamed forth or issued from (ablative)

etc.

pracyuta

(pr/a--) mfn. fallen from (literally and figuratively), swerved from, deprived of (ablative or compound)

etc.

pracyuta

(pr/a--) mfn. subtracted

pracyutatva

(pr/a--) n. deviation, retreat

pradā

P. -dadāti-, rarely A1. -datte-, (Ved. infinitive mood pr/a-dātos-

;irreg. Potential P. -dadet-

), to give away, give, offer, present, grant, bestow

etc. etc. (with or scilicet bhāryām-,to give in marriage;with prativacas-,to grant an answer;with pravṛttim-,to information about an event;with yuddham-,to grant battle;with dvaṃdva-yuddham-,to engage in single combat;with vidyām-,to communicate or impart knowledge;with hutāśanam-,to set fire to) ; to give up, abolish

; to sell (with instrumental case of price)

; to restore (anything lost etc.)

; to pay, discharge (a debt)

; to put or place in (locative case)

: Passive voice -dīyate-, to be given away, be given

etc.: Causal -dāpayati-, to cause to give

etc. ; to compel to give back or to repay

; to cause to put in or to

; to put or place in (locative case)

; (with vastim-), to apply a clyster

: Desiderative -ditsate-, to wish to give in marriage

pradagdha

mfn. (pr/a--) burnt, destroyed

pradagdhāhuti

mfn. (pr/a--) one who has burnt the sacrificial oblation

pradakṣiṇāvartaśikha

mfn. equals ṇ/arcis-

pradiṣṭa

(pr/a--) mfn. pointed out, indicated, fixed, ordained

pradṛpti

(pr/a--) f. haughtiness, arrogance, madness

pragraha

mf(ā-)n. equals ūrdhvabāhu- (?)

(see pr/añjali-pragr-)

prahi

P. A1. -hiṇoti-, -hiṇute-: -hiṇvati-, -hiṇvate- (see

; perfect tense -jighāya-

; 1. sg. proper A1. -hiṣe-

; Aorist P. pr/āhait-

; imperative pr/a-hela-

; infinitive mood pra-hy/e-

), to urge on, incite

; to direct, command

; to convey or send to, furnish, procure. bestow on (dative case)

etc. ; to hurl, cast, throw upon, discharge at (dative case or loc)

; to turn the eyes towards (accusative)

; to dispatch (messengers), drive away, dismiss, send to (accusative with or without prati- dative case genitive case with or without antikam-or pārśvam-) or in order to (dative case or infinitive mood)

etc. ; (A1.) to rush on

; to forsake (equals pra-.3. hā-)

: Causal Aorist prājīhayat-

: Desiderative of Causal pra-jighāyayiṣati-

prāhrādi

(pr/ā--) m. patronymic fr. pra-hrāda- (Name of virocana- and bali-)

prahuti

(pr/a--.) f. an oblation, sacrifice

prajāta

mfn. (pr/a--) born, produced

prajāti

(pr/a--) f. generating or generative power, generation, production, bringing forth, delivery

prajāti

(pr/a--) f. equals upa-nayana-, initiation with the sacred thread (as causing second birth)

prajāti

(pr/a--) m. Name of a prince

(varia lectio pra-jāni-)

prajātikāma

(pr/a--) mfn. desirous of propagation

prajātimat

(pr/a--) mfn. containing words relating to generation

prajātyānanda

(pr/a--) m. the joy of propagation

prajñāti

(pr/a--) f. knowing the way to (genitive case) or the right way

prajñātra

See a-prajñātr/a-.

prākpravaṇa

(pr/āk--) mf(ā-)n. sloping eastward

prakṣi

P. -kṣiṇ/āti-, to spoil, destroy, wear out, exhaust

: Passive voice -kṣīyate-, to be destroyed, perish

; to be worn out or exhausted or diminished

prakṣīṇa

mfn. (pr/a--) destroyed, perished

prākśiras

(pr/āk--) mfn. having the head turned to the east

prakupita

mfn. (pr/a--) moved, agitated, shaken

pramaṃhiṣṭhīya

n. Name of the hymn

(beginning with pr/a m/aṃhiṣṭhāya-)

pramati

f. (pr/a--) care, providence, protection

pramukti

f. (pr/a--) liberation

prāṇasaṃśita

(ṇ/a--) mfn. animated by the vital airs

prāṇatejas

(ṇ/a--) mfn. whose splendour or glory is life or breath

praṇava

mf. (or pr/a-ṇ-) (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) the mystical or sacred syllable om-

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' also -ka-) etc. ( praṇavatva -tva- n.

)

prāñc

mfn. (fr. pra-+ 2. añc-; Nominal verb pr/āṅ-, pr/ācī-, pr/āk-; see

) directed forwards or towards, being in front, facing, opposite

(accusative with kṛ-,to bring, procure, offer

;to stretch forth [the fingers]

;to make straight, prepare or clear [a path]

;[also with pra-- tir-,or- ni-]to advance, promote, further

;with Causal of kḷp-,to face, turn opposite to

)

praṇīta

(pr/a--) mfn. led forwards, advanced, brought, offered, conveyed (especially to the altar, as fire or water or soma-)

etc.

praṇīti

f. (pr/a--) conduct, leading, guidance

praṇutta

(pr/a--) mfn. pushed away, repelled, set in motion

prapiṣṭa

mfn. (pr/a--) crushed or ground down

prapluta

(pr/a--) mfn. dipped in water

prāś

( pra-- 2 aś-) P. pr/aśnāti- (rarely A1. nīte-), to eat, consume, devour, taste, enjoy

etc. etc.: Causal prāśayati-, to cause to eat, feed

praśasti

f. (pr/a--) praise, fame, glorification

etc. (tiṃ- dhā-,to bestow praise upon, value highly [with locative case ]

)

prasiddha

mfn. (pr/a--) brought about, accomplished

(a-pras-)

praśiṣṭi

, (pr/a--) f. injunction, command, order

prasiti

f. (pr/a--) (for 2.See below) a net for catching birds

(

)

prasiti

f. (pr/a--) (for 1.See above) onward rush, onset, attack, assault

prasṛti

f. (pr/a--). streaming, flowing

praṣṭimat

(pr/a-) mfn. having side-horses (as a chariot)

prastīrṇa

mfn. (pr/a--.) spread out, extended

praṣṭivāhana

(pr/a-) mfn. (a chariot) drawn (also) by side-horses, yoked (at least) with 3 horses

prastuti

(pr/a--) f. praise, eulogium

prasuta

mfn. (pr/a--) pressed or pressing continuously

prasūta

mf(ā-)n. (pr/a--) procreated, begotten, born, produced, sprung ("by"or"from" ablative or genitive case;"in" locative case or compound; see

)

etc.

prasūti

(pr/a--) f. (for 2.See below) instigation, order, permission

prasvanita

(pr/a-.,fr. Causal) , sounding, roaring

pratamām

ind. (fr. 1. pr/a-) especially, particularly

prātar

ind. (fr. 1. pra-; pr/ātar-

) in the early morning. at daybreak, at dawn

etc. (prātaḥ prātah-,every morning,