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| abhitap | to irradiate with heat, to heat  ; to pain, distress: Passive voice -tapyate-, to suffer intensely: Caus. -tāpayati-, to distress.  |
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| ālup | P. -lumpati-, to tear out or asunder ; to dissolve, separate : Passive voice -lupyate-, to be interrupted |
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| anvavalup | Passive voice -lupyate-, to drop off after another |
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| āp | cl.5 P. āpn/oti- ([ ,etc.]), (perf. āpa- Aorist āpat- future āpsyati- infinitive mood āptum-) A1. (perf. 3. plural āpir/e- , parasmE-pada perfect tense āpān/a- ,but also present tense parasmE-pada /āpnāna- ) to reach, overtake, meet with, fall upon etc. ; to obtain, gain, take possession of etc. etc. ; to undergo, suffer ; to fall, come to any one ; to enter, pervade, occupy ; to equal: Passive voice āpyate-, to be reached or found or met with or obtained ; to arrive at one's aim or end, become filled etc.: Causal P. āpayati-, to cause to reach or obtain or gain etc. ; to cause any one to suffer ; to hit : Desiderative P. and A1. īpsati- and īpsate- ([ ]) to strive to reach or obtain etc.: Desiderative of the Causal āpipayiṣati-, to strive to reach ; ([probably connected with 1. ap-; confer, compare apna-; Greek , ; Latin apiscor, aptus-, ops-; Old German uoban; modern German üben.]) |
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| avaruh | P. (parasmE-pada -r/ohat-; ind.p. -ruhya-;also A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' ) to descend, alight, dismount ; "to descend from" id est to be deprived of (one's dominion, aiśvaryāt-) : Causal (imperfect tense avāropayat-[ varia lectio rohayat-] ;Imper. 2. sg. -ropaya- plural A1. -rohayadhvam- ) to cause to descend, take down from (ablative): Passive voice -ropyate-, to be lowered or lessened |
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| avasthā | P. -tiṣṭhati- (imperfect tense -atiṣṭhat-; Aorist subjunctive -sthāt-; perf. A1.3. sg. -tasthe-; perf. p. P. -tasthiv/as-) to go down into (accusative), reach down to (accusative) ; (Aorist subjunctive 2. plural -sthāta-), to go away from (ablative) ; (Aorist subjunctive 1. sg. -sthām-) to be separated from or deprived of (ablative) : A1. (;rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' etc.) to take one's stand, remain standing etc. ; to stay, abide, stop at any place (locative case) etc. ; to abide in a state or condition (instrumental case) etc. ; (with ind.p.) to remain or continue (doing anything) , etc. ; to be found, exist, be present ; (perf. 1. sg. -tasthe-) to fall to, fall into the possession of (dative case) ; to enter, be absorbed in in (locative case) ; to penetrate (as sound or as fame) : Passive voice -sthīyate-, to be settled or fixed or chosen : Causal (generally ind.p. -sthāpya-) to cause to stand or stop (as a carriage or an army etc.), let behind etc. ; to place upon (locative case), fix, set, array etc. ; to cause to enter or be absorbed in (locative case) ; to render solid or firm ; to establish (by arguments) commentator or commentary on : Passive voice Causal -sthāpyate-, to be kept firm ["to be separated" ] |
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| chup | cl.6. pati- (see ) to touch : Intensive cocchupyate- Va1rtt. 2 ; see a-cchuptā-. |
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| dham | or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te- ; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas- ; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire- ; Aorist adhmāsīt- ; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati- ; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya- ) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma- ]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument) etc. ; to blow into (locative case) ; to breathe out, exhale ; to kindle a fire by blowing ; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing etc. ; to blow or cast away : Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- ( ) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati- (Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate- ) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder : Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate- ; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell) [ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"] |
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| dhūmaya | Nom. P. yati- (Passive voice myate- varia lectio pyate-), to cover with smoke, obscure with mist, eclipse |
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| dīp | cl.4 A1. dīpyate- (dīpy/ate- , dipyati- perfect tense didīpe- ; future dīpiṣyate-, dīpitā-; Aorist adīpi-, adipiṣṭa- infinitive mood dipitum- ) to blaze, flare, shine, be luminous or illustrious etc. ; glow, burn (also with anger ): Causal dip/ayati-, te- Aorist adīdipat- or adidipat- () to kindle, set on fire, inflame ; illuminate, make illustrious etc. ; excite, rouse : Desiderative didīpiṣate-: Intensive dedīpyate-, to blaze fiercely, shine intensely, be very bright ; parasmE-pada dedīpyantī- |
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| jap | cl.1. j/apati- (rarely A1. ; perfect tense jajāpa-; 3. du. jepatur- ; infinitive mood japitum- ; ind.p. ptvā- ; pitvā- ) to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (especially prayers or incantations) etc. ; to pray to any one (accusative) in a low voice ; to invoke or call upon in a low voice : Intensive jañjapyate-, pīti- (; parasmE-pada py/amāna-) to whisper repeatedly (implying blame, ) |
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| ji | cl.1. j/ayati-, te- (imperfect tense /ajayat-; Aorist ajaiṣīt-,Ved. /ajais-,1. plural /ajaiṣma-, j/eṣma-,2. sg. jes-and A1. j/eṣi- subjunctive j/eṣat-, ṣas-, ṣāma- ; Aorist A1. ajeṣṭa-; future 1st. j/etā- etc.; future jeṣy/ati-, ; perfect tense jig/āya-[ ], jigetha-, jigyur-; parasmE-pada jigīv/as-[ giv/as- ; accusative plural gy/uṣas-] etc.; infinitive mood jiṣ/e-, ; j/etave- ; Classical jetum-: Passive voice jīyate-, ajīyata-[ ], ajāyi-, jāyiṣyate-;for j/īyate-and cl.9. jin/āti-See jyā-) to win or acquire (by conquest or in gambling), conquer (in battle), vanquish (in a game or lawsuit), defeat, excel, surpass etc. (with p/unar-,"to reconquer" ) ; to conquer (the passions), overcome or remove (any desire or difficulties or diseases) etc. ; to expel from (ablative) ; to win anything (accusative) from (accusative), vanquish anyone (accusative) in a game (accusative) ; to be victorious, gain the upper hand ; often proper in the sense of an imperative "long live!""glory to" etc.: Causal jāpayati- () to cause to win ; (Aorist 2. pl, /ajījipata-and /ajījap-) ; to conquer (Aorist ajījayat-): Passive voice jāpyate-, to be made to conquer : Desiderative j/igīṣati-, te- (; parasmE-pada ṣat-, ṣamāṇa-) to wish to win or obtain or conquer or excel etc. ; (A1.) to seek for prey : Intensive jejīyate- |
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| jñā | cl.9 P.A1. jān/āti-, nit/e- (see ; subjunctive nat-; imperative nītat-,2. sg. nīh/i-,once irregular jña- ;[fr. cl.3.] jijāhi- ;2. plural irregular nata-. ;2. sg. A1. irregular nase- ; parasmE-pada n/at-, nān/a- irregular namāna-[ ]; perfect tense jajñau-, jñe-[ Passive voice ] , 3. plural jñ/ur- ; parasmE-pada jñān/a- ; future jñāsyati-, te-; Aorist ajñāsīt-, sta- Passive voice /ajñāyi-, ; Potential jñāyāt-or jñey- ;2. sg. jñeyas- equals ; infinitive mood jñātum-) to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with (accusative;rarely genitive case ), perceive, apprehend, understand (also with infinitive mood [ ] ) , experience, recognise, ascertain, investigate etc. ; to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as (with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tasya māṃ tanayāṃ jānīta-,"know me to be his daughter" ;with mṛṣā-,"to consider as untrue" ) etc. ; to acknowledge, approve, allow ; to recognise as one's own, take possession of ; to visit as a friend ; to remember (with genitive case) ; A1. to engage in (genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' sarpiṣo-,"to make an oblation with clarified butter") : Causal jñapayati-, to teach any one (accusative) ; jñāp- (Passive voice jñāpyate-) to make known, announce, teach anything and ; to inform any one (genitive case) that (double accusative) ; A1. to request, ask (jñap-) (jñāp-): Desiderative jijñāsate- (; Epic also P.) to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine etc. ; to wish for information about (accusative) ; to conjecture : Causal Desiderative jijñapayiṣati- (also jñāp- ) and jñīpsati- (see psyamāna-), to wish to make known or inform ; ([ see etc.]) |
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| kamp | cl.1 A1. (Epic also P.) kampate- (-ti-), cakampe-, kampiṣyate-, akampiṣṭa-, kampitā- () , to tremble, shake etc.: Causal P. A1. kampayati-, -te-, to cause or make to tremble, shake ; to pronounce in a tremulous manner (id est with a thrill or shake) : Desiderative cikampiṣate-: Intensive caṃkampyate-, caṃkampti-; ([ confer, compare Greek Hibernian or Irish cabho7g,"hastening."]) |
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| lap | (confer, compare rap-) cl.1 P. () lapati- (Epic also te-and lapyati-; perfect tense lalāpa-, lepus- etc.; Aorist alāpīt- grammar; future lapitā- ; lapiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood laptum- ; lapitum- ; ind.p. -lapya- ), to prate, chatter, talk (also of birds) ; to whisper ; to wail, lament, weep : Causal lāpayati-, te- (Aorist alīlapat-or alalāpat- grammar), to cause to talk : Desiderative lilapiṣati- grammar : Intensive l/ālapīti-, to prate senselessly ; lālapyate- (mc. also ti-), to wail, lament ; to address repeatedly , lālapti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; perhaps Latin la1mentumfor lap-mentum-.]) |
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| lip | (cf rip-) cl.6.1.P. A1. () limp/ati-, te- (perfect tense lilepa-. etc.; Aorist alipat- ; alispata-, alipta- grammar; -alipsata- ; future lepta1-, lepsyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood leptum- ; ind.p. -lipya- etc.) , to smear, besmear, anoint with (instrumental case), stain, soil, taint, pollute, defile etc. ; to inflame, kindle, burn : Passive voice lipyate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist alepi-), to be smeared etc. ; to be attached to (locative case), stick, adhere : ; Causal lepayati- (Aorist alīlipat-), to cause to smear etc. ; to smear or anoint anything (accusative) with (instrumental case) or on (locative case) ; to cover ; to cast blame on any one ; (limpayati-), to smear anything (accusative) with (instrumental case): Desiderative lilipsati-, te- grammar : Intensive leliyate-, lelepti- [ confer, compare Greek , Latin lippus; Lithuanian li4pti; Gothic bileiban; Germ,bili4ian,bli7ben,bleiben,leben,Leib; Anglo-Saxon libban; English live,life.] |
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| lup | (see rup-), cl.6. P. A1. () lump/ati-, te- (perfect tense lulopa-, lulupe- etc.; Aorist alupat-, alupta- grammar; preceding, lopsiya- ; loptā-, lopsyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood loptum- ; ind.p. luptvā- etc.; -l/upya- ; -l/umpam- ; lopaṃ- ), to break, violate, hurt, injure, spoil ; to seize, fall or pounce upon (accusative) ; to rob, plunder, steal ; to cheat (said of a merchant) ; to take away, suppress, waste, cause to disappear ; to elide, erase, omit (a letter, word etc.) ; cl.4 P. lupyati- (perfect tense lulopa-; future lopitā-, lopiṣyati-,etc.) , to disturb, bewilder, perplex, confound : Passive voice lupy/ate- ( l/upyate-; Aorist alopi-), to be broken etc. etc. ; to be wasted or destroyed ; (in gram.) to be suppressed or lost or elided, disappear ; to be confounded or bewildered : Causal lopayati-, te- (Aorist alūlupat- ; alulopat- grammar; Passive voice lopyate-), to cause to break or violate, cause to swerve from (ablative) ; to break, violate, infringe, neglect etc. ; (A1.) to cause to disappear, efface : Desiderative lulupsati- or lulopiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lolopti- (parasmE-pada lolupat-), to confound, bewilder, perplex ; lolupyate- equals garirhitaṃ- lumpati- ; to be greedy, in a-lolupyamāna- q.v ([For cognate wordsSee under rup-.]) |
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| nivap | P. -vapati-, (future -vapsyati-; ind.p. ny-upya-; Passive voice ny-upyate-), to throw down, overthrow ; to fill up (a sacrificial mound) ; to throw down, scatter, sow, offer (especially to deceased progenitors) |
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| paridīp | A1. -dīpyate- (ti-), to flare up (literally and figuratively) |
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| parikḷp | Caus. -kalpayati- (Passive voice -kalpyate-), to fix, settle, determine, destine for (with accusative, artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound', locative case or an infinitive mood with pass. sense) etc. ; to choose ; to perform, execute, accomplish, contrive, arrange, make ; to distribute, divide (with an adverb in dhā-) ; to admit or invite to (locative case) ; to suppose, presuppose |
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| parilup | P. -lumpati-, to take away, remove, destroy : Passive voice -lupyate-, to be taken away or omitted |
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| parisamāp | Passive voice -āpyate-, to be fully completed, arrive at completion ; to be contained in (locative case) ; to relate or belong to (locative case or prati-) |
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| paritap | P. -tapati- (future -tapiṣyati- ; -tapsyati- ; ind.p. -t/apya- ), to burn all round, set on fire, kindle ; to feel or suffer pain ; (with tapas-) to undergo penance, practise austerities etc. etc.: Passive voice -tapyate- (ti-), to be purified (as by fire) ; to feel or suffer pain, do penance, practise austerities etc.: Causal -tāpayati-, to scorch, cause great pain, torment |
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| pradīp | A1. -dīpyate-, to flame forth, blaze, burst into flames : Causal -dīpayati-, to set on fire, light, kindle, inflame |
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| pralup | P. -lumpati-, to pluck or pull out : Passive voice -lupyate-, to be robbed ; to be interrupted or disturbed or violated or destroyed |
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| pratap | P. -tapati-, to give forth heat, burn, glow, shine (literally and figuratively) etc. ; to feel pain, suffer ; to warm, heat, shine upon etc. ; to roast, bake ; to kindle, light, illumine ; to pain with heat, torment, harass : Passive voice -tapyate-, to suffer pain : Causal -tāpayati- (future -tāpitā- ), to make warm, heat and e. ; to set on fire, irradiate, illuminate ; to destroy or pain with heat, torment, harass |
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| pratyanutap | Passive voice -tapyate-, to feel subsequent remorse, repent, regret |
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| pratyuddīp | A1. -dīpyate-, to flame against |
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| riph | cl.6 P. () riphati- (parasmE-pada -rephat- ; perfect tense rirepha-etc. grammar; ind.p. rephitvā- ), to snarl ; (only ) to speak or boast (kathane-or katthane-) ; to blame ; to fight ; to give ; to hurt, kill (see rimph-): Passive voice riphyate-, to be murmured or spoken in a guttural or burring manner (like the letter r-) ; to have or take the pronunciation of the letter r- (see repha-). |
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| ruh | (see,1. rudh-) cl.1 P. ( ) r/ohati- (mc. also te-and ruhati-, te-; Vedic or Veda and Epic imperfect tense or Aorist aruhat-; Potential ruheyam-, -ruhethās-, -ruhemahi-; imperative ruha-, parasmE-pada r/uhāṇa-; perfect tense ruroha-, ruruh/uḥ- etc.; ruruhe- ; Aorist /arukṣat- etc.; future roḍhā- grammar; rokṣy/ati-, te- etc.; rohiṣye- ; infinitive mood roḍhum- etc.; rohitum- ; r/ohiṣyai- ; ind.p. rūḍhv/ā- , -r/uhya- etc.; -rūhya- ; -r/uham- ; -r/oham- ), to ascend, mount, climb ; to reach to, attain (a desire) ; to rise, spring up, grow, develop, increase, prosper, thrive etc. etc. (with na-,"to be useless or in vain" ) ; to grow together or over, cicatrize, heal (as a wound) etc.: Causal roh/ayati- or (later) ropayati-, te- (Aorist arūruhat-or arūrupat- grammar; Passive voice ropyate- Aorist aropi- ), to cause to ascend, raise up, elevate ; to place in or on, fix in, fasten to, direct towards (with accusative or locative case) ; to transfer to, commit, entrust (see ropita-) ; to put in the ground, plant, sow ; to lay out (a garden) ; to cause to grow, increase ; to cause to grow over or heal : Desiderative r/urukṣati- See ā-ruh-: Intensive roruhyate-, roroḍhi- grammar |
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| samabhiruh | P. -rohati-, to grow up together, ascend, (varia lectio sam-adhi-r-): Causal -rohayati- (Passive voice -ropyate-), to cause to grow up or ascend, place or impose on (as a burden etc.) |
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| samanutap | Passive voice -tapyate-, to suffer great subsequent pain, be very penitent, repent |
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| saṃdīp | A1. -dīpyate- (Epic also ti-), to blaze up, flame, burn, glow : Causal -dīpayati-, to set on fire, kindle, inflame , ; to fire, animate |
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| saṃkṣip | P. A1. -kṣipati-, te- (ind.p. -kṣepam- q.v), to throw or heap together, pile up ; to concentrate (the mind), ; to suppress, restrain, ; to dash together, destroy etc. ; to condense, compress, contract, abridge, shorten, diminish : Passive voice -kṣipyate-, to be thrown together or compressed or diminished, shrink up |
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| saṃlap | P. -lapati-, to talk together, chat, converse : Passive voice -lapyate-, to be spoken of or to, be called or named : Causal See lāpita- below. |
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| saṃnidhā | P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put or place down near together, put down near or into, deposit in (locative case), place or put upon, direct towards (with or without dṛṣṭim-,"to fix the eyes upon";with manas-,or hṛdayam-,"to fix or direct the mind or thoughts") etc. ; to place together, collect, pile up ; (A1.) to appoint to (locative case) ; (A1.) to be present in, be found with (locative case) ; (A1.or Passive voice -dhīyate-) to be put together in the same place, be near or present or imminent etc.: Causal -dhāpayati-, to bring near, make present or manifest, represent : Passive voice of Causal -dhāpyate-, to appear or become manifested in the presence of (genitive case) |
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| sampralup | Passive voice -lupyate-, to be violated or injured |
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| saṃtap | P. -tapati-, to heat thoroughly, scorch, parch, dry up etc. ; to feel pain or remorse ; to pain by heat, torture, oppress, afflict, harass etc. etc.: Passive voice -tapyate- (Epic also ti-), to be oppressed or afflicted, suffer pain, undergo penance (3. sg. impersonal or used impersonally with genitive case of Persian) etc. etc.: Causal -tāpayati- (Passive voice -tāpyate-), to cause to be heated, make very hot, burn, inflame, scorch etc. ; to pair by heat, torture, torment (ātmānam-,"one's self. id est to afflict the body by austerities") , afflict, trouble, distress |
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| samupatap | Passive voice -tapyate-, to feel pain |
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| śap | cl.1.4. P. A1. () śapati-, te- or śapyati-, te- (the latter only in ; perfect tense śaś/āpa-, śep/e- Aorist aśāpsīt-, aśapta- grammar [2. plural śāpta-in prob. wrong reading ]; future śaptā- ; śapsyati-, te- ; śapiṣye- ; infinitive mood śaptum-or śapitum- ; ind.p. śapitvā- ; śaptvā- grammar), to curse (mostly P.with accusative;in A1.with dative case) etc. ; (P. A1.) to swear an oath, utter an execration (sometimes with śapatham-or thān-;also with anṛtam-,to swear a false oath) etc. ; (P. A1.) to revile, scold, blame (accusative,rarely dative case) ; (A1.; mc. also P.) to curse one's self (followed by yadi-,"if", i.e. to promise with an oath, vow or swear,"that one will not"etc.;or followed by dative case and rarely accusative of the person to whom and instrumental case of the object by which one swears;or followed by iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' varuṇeti-,"to swear by the name of varuṇa-" ) etc. ; (A1.) to adjure, supplicate, conjure any one (accusative) by (instrumental case) : Causal śāpayati- (Aorist aśīśapat-), to adjure, conjure, exorcise (demons) ; to cause any one (accusative) to swear by (instrumental case) (see śāpita-): Desiderative śiśapsati-, te- grammar : Intensive śāśapyate-, śāśapti-, or śaṃśpyate-, śaṃśapti- |
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| sṛp | cl.1 P. () s/arpati- (Epic and mc. also te-; parasmE-pada s/arpat-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]and sarpamāṇa-; perfect tense sasarpa-[1. dual number sasṛpiva-] ; Aorist asṛpat- ; asṛpta- etc.; asārpsīt-or asrāpsīt- grammar; future sarptā-or sraptā- ; sarpsyati- ; srapsyati- etc.; infinitive mood sarpitum- etc.; sarptum-or sraptum- grammar; -s/ṛpas- ; ind.p. sṛptvā- ; -s/ṛpya- etc.; -sarpam- etc.) , to creep, crawl, glide, slink, move gently or cautiously (sarpata-,"depart!") etc. ; to slip into (accusative) ; (in ritual) to glide noiselessly and with bended body and hand in hand (especially from the sadas- to the bahiṣ-pavamāna-) : Passive voice sṛpyate- (Aorist asarpi-), to be crept etc. etc.: Causal sarpayati- (Aorist asīsṛpat-or asasarpat-), to cause to creep etc. (See ava--, anu-pra--, vi-sṛp-): Desiderative s/isṛpsati- (See ut-sṛp-): Intensive sarīsṛpyate- (), sarīsarpti-, parasmE-pada sarīsṛpat- (), to creep along or hither and thither, glide about etc. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin serpere-;See also sarpa-.] |
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| sthā | cl.1 P. A1. () t/iṣṭhati-, te- (perfect tense tasth/au-, tasthe- etc.; Aorist /asthāt-, /asthita- ;3. plural asthiran- ; āsthat-[?] ; asthiṣi-, ṣata- etc.; subjunctive sthāti-, sth/āthaḥ- ; preceding stheyāt- ; stheṣam-, ṣuḥ-[?] ; sthāsīṣṭa- grammar; future sthātā- etc.; sthāsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood sth/ātum- ; tos- ; -sthitum- ; ind.p. sthitvā- etc.; -sth/āya- etc.; -sthāyam- ), to stand, stand firmly, station one's self, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on (with pādābhyām-,"to stand on the feet";with jānubhyām-,"to kneel";with agre-or agratas-and genitive case,"to stand or present one's self before";with puras-and with or without genitive case,"to stand up against an enemy etc.") etc. ; to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action (exempli gratia, 'for example' with kanyā-,"to remain a girl or unmarried";with tūṣṇīm-or with maunena- instrumental case"to remain silent";with sukham-,"to continue or feel well") etc. ; to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with locative case; exempli gratia, 'for example' with rājye-,"to continue governing";with śāsane-,"to practise obedience";with bale-,"to exercise power";with sva-dharme-,"to do one's duty";with sva-karmaṇi-,"to keep to one's own business";with saṃśaye-,"to persist in doubting";also with ind.p. exempli gratia, 'for example' dharmam āśritya-,"to practise virtue") etc. ; to continue to be or exist (as opp. to"perish"), endure, last etc. ; to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand etc. ; to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dative case genitive case,or locative case) etc. ; (A1. mc. also P. confer, compare ) to stand by, abide by, be near to, be on the side of, adhere or submit to, acquiesce in, serve, obey (locative case or dative case) etc. ; to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate (See under sthitvā-below) etc. ; to behave or conduct one's self (with samam-,"to behave equally towards any one" locative case) ; to be directed to or fixed on (locative case) ; to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (locative case) ; to rely on, confide in (locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' mayi sthitvā-,"confiding in me") ; to stay at, resort to (accusative) ; to arise from (ablative or genitive case) ; to desist or cease from (ablative) ; to remain unnoticed (as of no importance), be left alone (only imperative and Potential) : Passive voice sthīyate- (Aorist asthāyi-), to be stood etc. (frequently used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' mayā sthīyatām-,"let it be abided by me" id est"I must abide") etc. etc.: Causal sthāpayati-, te- (Aorist /atiṣṭhipat-; ind.p. sthāpayitvā-[ q.v ] and -sth/āpam-: Passive voice sthāpyate-), to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute etc. ; to set up, erect, raise, build ; to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm etc. ; to prop up, support, maintain ; to affirm, assent ; to appoint (to any office locative case) etc. ; to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (two accusative;with dhātrīm-,"to employ any one as a nurse";with rakṣārtham-,"to appoint any one as guardian";with sajjam-,"to make anything ready";with su-rakṣitam-,"to keep anything well guarded";with svīkṛtya-,"to make anything one's own";with pariśeṣam-,"to leave anything over or remaining") etc. ; to fix, settle, determine, resolve etc. ; to fix in or on, lead or bring into, direct or turn towards (locative case,rarely accusative;with hṛdi-,"to impress on the heart";with manas-,"to fix the mind on") etc. ; to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' with naye-,"to instruct in a plan or system") ; to make over or deliver up to (locative case or haste-with genitive case,"into the hands of") ; to give in marriage ; to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain (with baddhvā-,"to keep bound or imprisoned") etc. ; to place aside, keep, save, preserve : Desiderative of Causal -sthāpayiṣati- (See saṃ-sthā-): Desiderative t/iṣṭhāsati-, to wish to stand etc. : Intensive teṣṭhīyate- ; tāstheti-, tāsthāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin stare; Lithuanian sto4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian stati; German sta7n,stehen; English stand.]) |
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| svap | cl.2 P. () svapiti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also sv/apati-, te-; imperative sv/aptu- ; Potential svapīta- ; perfect tense suṣvāpa-[3. plural suṣupuḥ-; parasmE-pada suṣupv/as-and suṣupāṇ/a-,qq.vv.] etc.; Aorist asvāpsīt-; preceding supyāt- future svaptā- ; svapiṣyati- ; te- ; svapsyati- etc.; te- etc.; infinitive mood svaptum- etc.; ind.p. suptv/ā- etc., -sv/āpam- ), to sleep, fall asleep (with varṣa-śatam-,"to sleep for a hundred years, sleep the eternal sleep") etc. ; to lie down, recline upon (locative case) etc. ; to be dead ; Passive voice supyate- (Aorist asvāpi-) etc. ; Causal svāp/ayati-, or (mc.) svapayati- (Aorist asūṣupat-;in also siṣvapaḥ-, s/iṣvap-; Passive voice svāpyate-), to cause to sleep, lull to rest ; to kill : Desiderative of Causal suṣvāpayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative suṣupsati-, to wish to sleep : Intensive soṣupyate-, sāsvapīti-, sāsvapti-, soṣupīti-, soṣopti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin somnusforsop-nus,sopor,sopire; Slavonic or Slavonian su8pati; Lithuanian sa4pnas; Anglo-Saxon swefan,"to sleep."]) |
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| tap | cl.1. t/apati- (rarely A1.; subjunctive pāti- ; parasmE-pada t/apat- etc.; cl.4. parasmE-pada t/apyat- ; perfect tense 1. sg. tat/apa- ;3. sg. t/āpa-, ; parasmE-pada tepān/a- ; future tapsy/ati- etc.: te-& tapiṣyati- ) to give out heat, be hot, shine (as the sun) etc. ; to make hot or warm, heat, shine upon ; to consume or destroy by heat ; to suffer pain ; (with paścāt-) to repent of ; to torment one's self, undergo self-mortification, practise austerity (tapas-) etc. ; to cause pain to, injure, damage, spoil Passive voice or cl.4 A1. tapy/ate- (;or t/apy- ; parasmE-pada py/amāna- ; t/apy-, ; confer, compare /a--; Aorist atāpi- ; atapta- ; perfect tense tepe- etc.; parasmE-pada pān/a- ;also P. tapyati-, pyet-, atapyat-,etc. ) to be heated or burnt, become hot etc. ; to be purified by austerities (as the soul) ; to suffer or feel pain etc. ; to suffer pain voluntarily, undergo austerity (tapas-) etc.: Causal tāpayati-, te- (parasmE-pada p/ayat- ; Passive voice pyate- etc.; Aorist atītape-& [Subj.] tat/apate- ) to make warm or hot, etc. ; to consume by heat etc. ; to cause pain, trouble, distress etc. ; to torment one's self, undergo penance, : Intensive (parasmE-pada tātapyamāna-) to feel violent pain, be in great anxiety ([ confer, compare Latin tepeoetc.]) |
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| tṛp | cl.4. t/ṛpyati- ([ etc.;metrically also te-]) cl.5. [Subj. 2. sg. tṛpṇ/avas- imperative ṇuhi-, ṇut/am- (See also /a-tṛpṇuvat-); noti- and gaRa kṣubhnādi-] cl.6. [2. sg. tṛmp/asi- imperative p/a-, patu-,etc. ; see Va1rtt. 1 ; tṛpati- ; perfect tense parasmE-pada A1. tātṛpāṇ/a- ; P. tatarpa-;3. plural tātṛpur- ; Aorist atṛpat- or atrāpsīt- vArttika; atarpīt-, atārpsīt- ; future 1st tarpiṣyati-(but see ), tarpsy-, trapsy-; Conditional atrapsyat- ; future 2nd tarpitā-, ptā-, traptā- on ] to satisfy one's self, become satiated or satisfied, be pleased with (genitive case instrumental case,or rarely locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' nāgnis tṛpyati kāṣṭhānām-,"fire is not satisfied with wood"; /atṛpyan brāhmaṇ/ā dh/anaiḥ-,"the brahman-s were pleased with wealth") etc. ; to enjoy (with ablative) ; to satisfy, please : cl.1. tarpati-, to kindle : Causal tarpayati-, rarely te- (imperfect tense atarpayat- etc.; parasmE-pada tarp/ayat- ; Aorist atītṛpat- ; /atītṛpāma- ; infinitive mood t/arpayitav/ai- ) to satiate, satisfy, refresh, gladden etc. ; A1. to become satiated or satisfied ; to kindle : Desiderative (subjunctive t/itṛpsāt-) to wish to enjoy : Causal Desiderative (Potential titarpayiṣet-) to wish to satiate or refresh or satisfy : Intensive tarītṛpyate-, tarītarpti-, trapti- ; ([ see tṛph-;.]) |
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| uddīp | A1. -dīpyate-, to flame, blaze up, be kindled : Causal -dīpayati-, to. light up, inflame ; to illuminate ; to animate, excite, irritate, provoke |
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| upatap | P. -tapati- (parasmE-pada -t/apat-See column 3) to make warm, heat ; to afflict (as an illness;with genitive case or accusative of the afflicted person) ; to feel pain, become sick : Passive voice -tapyate-, to be made warm or heated ; (with tapas-) to undergo bodily mortification ; to be afflicted with pain, be tormented, feel pain, become ill etc.: Causal -tāpayati- (Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -tītapāsi- ) to ignite, burn, consume ; to cause pain, mortify, torment, hurt, oppress commentator or commentary on |
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| upavap | P. -vapati-, (Potential upopet- ) to fill up, choke (with earth), strew over ; bury under : Passive voice -upyate-, to be buried etc. |
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| vap | cl.1 P. A1. () v/apati-, te- (Potential upet- ; perfect tense uvāpa-, ūp/uḥ-; ūpe- etc.; vavāpa- ; -vepe- on ; Aorist avāpsīt- etc.; avapta- grammar; Potential upyāt- ; future vaptā- ; vapsy/ati- ; vapiṣyati- etc.; infinitive mood vaptum- grammar; ind.p. uptvā- ; -/upya- etc.), to strew, scatter (especially seed) , sow, bestrew etc. ; to throw, cast (dice) ; to procreate, beget (See vapus-and 2. vaptṛ-) ; to throw or heap up, dam up : Passive voice upy/ate- (Aorist vāpi- ), to be strewn or sown etc. etc.: Causal vāpayati- (Aorist avlvapat- grammar) to sow, plant, put in the ground : Desiderative vivapsati-, te- grammar : Intensive vāvapyate-, vāvapti- |
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| vidhūp | P. -dhūpāyati-, to emit vapour, smoke ; Passive voice -dhūpyate- idem or 'mfn. shaken, agitated, harassed, annoyed ' |
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| vilup | P. -lumpati- (rarely A1.), to tear or break off or to pieces, wound, lacerate pull out or up etc. ; to tear away, carry off, ravish, seize, rob, plunder etc. ; to destroy, confound, ruin etc. ; (A1.) to fall to pieces, be ruined, disappear : Passive voice -lupyate-, to be torn away or carried off, be impaired or destroyed, perish, be lost, disappear, fail etc. etc.: Causal -lopayati- (te-), to tear or carry away, withhold, keep back, suppress, extinguish, destroy |
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| viparitap | Passive voice -tapyate-, to be greatly distressed, suffer great pain |
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| viruh | P. -rohati-, to grow out, shoot forth, sprout, bud : Causal -rohayati-, or -ropayati-, to cause to grow ; to thrust out, remove, expel : Passive voice -ropyate-, to be planted ; to be caused to grow over, healed (See vi-ropita-). |
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| vyālup | P. -lumpati-, to take away, remove : Passive voice -lupyate-, to be broken asunder or destroyed or removed, disappear |
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| vyāp | P. -āpnoti- (rarely A1. -āpnute-), to reach or spread through, pervade, permeate, cover, fill etc. ; to reach as far as, extend to (see ) : Passive voice vy-āpyate- (See vyāpyamāna-): Causal vy-āpayati- (See vy-āpita-): Desiderative vīpsati- (See vīpsa-). |
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| vyavaruh | P. A1. -rohati-, te-, to ascend, mount, get upon (accusative) : Causal -ropayati- (Passive voice -ropyate-; past participle -ropita-), to displace, remove, deprive of (ablative) |
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| yad | (Nominal verb and accusative sg. n.and base in compound of 3. ya-), who, which, what, whichever, whatever, that etc. etc. (with correlatives tad-, tyad-, etad-, idam-, adas-, tad etad-, etad tyad-, idaṃ tad-, tad idam-, tādṛśa-, īdṛśa-, īdṛś-, etāvad-,by which it is oftener followed than preceded;or the correl. is dropped exempli gratia, 'for example' yas tu nārabhate karma kṣipram bhavati nirdravyaḥ-,"[he] indeed who does not begin work soon becomes poor" ;or the rel. is dropped exempli gratia, 'for example' andhakam bhartāraṃ na tyajet sā mahā-satī-,"she who does not desert a blind husband is a very faithful wife" yad-is often repeated to express"whoever","whatever","whichever", exempli gratia, 'for example' yo yaḥ-,"whatever man"; yā yā-,"whatever woman"; yo yaj jayati tasya tat-,"whatever he wins [in war] belongs to him" ; yad yad vadati tad tad bhavati-,"whatever he says is true", or the two relatives may be separated by hi-,and are followed by the doubled or single correl. tad- exempli gratia, 'for example' upyate yad dhi yad bījam tat tad eva prarohati-,"whatever seed is sown, that even comes forth" ;similar indefinite meanings are expressed by the relative joined with tad- exempli gratia, 'for example' yasmai tasmai-,"to any one whatever", especially in yadvā tadvā-,"anything whatever";or by yaḥ-with kaśca-, kaścana-, kaścit-,or [in later language, not in manu-] ko'pi- exempli gratia, 'for example' yaḥ kaścit-,"whosoever"; yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi-,"any friends whatsoever"; yena kenāpy upāyena-,"by any means whatsoever." yad-is joined with tvad-to express generalization exempli gratia, 'for example' śūdrāṃs tvad yāṃs tvad-,"either the śūdra-s or anybody else" ;or immediately followed by a Persian pronoun on which it lays emphasis exempli gratia, 'for example' yo 'ham-,"I that very person who"; yas tvaṃ kathaṃ vettha-,"how do you know?" ;it is also used in the sense of"si quis" exempli gratia, 'for example' striyaṃ spṛśed yaḥ-,"should any one touch a woman." yad-is also used without the copula exempli gratia, 'for example' andho jaḍaḥ pīṭha sarpī saptatyā sthaviraśca yaḥ-,"a blind man, an idiot, a cripple, and a man seventy years old" ;sometimes there is a change of construction in such cases exempli gratia, 'for example' ye ca mānuṣāḥ-for mānuṣāṃś-ca- ;the Nominal verb sg. n. yad-is then often used without regard to gender or number and may be translated by"as regards","as for", exempli gratia, 'for example' kṣatraṃ vā etad vanaspatīnāṃ yan nyag-rodhaḥ-,"as for the nyag-rodha-, it is certainly the prince among trees" ;or by"that is to say","to wit" exempli gratia, 'for example' tato devā etaṃ vajraṃ dadṛśur yad apaḥ-,"the gods then saw this thunderbolt, to wit, the water" yad-as an adverb conjunction generally ="that", especially after verbs of saying, thinking etc., often introducing an oratio directa with or without iti-; iti yad-,at the end of a sentence ="thinking that","under the impression that" exempli gratia, 'for example' yad-also ="so that","in order that","wherefore","whence","as","in as much as","since","because"[the correlative being tad-,"therefore"],"when","if" etc.; /adha y/ad-,"even if","although" yad api- idem or ' yathāṃśa-tas- etc. See p.841, columns 2 and 3 etc.' yad u-- evam-,"as - so" ; yad uta-,"that" ;"that is to say","scilicet" ; yat kila-,"that" ; yac ca-,"if","that is to say" ; yac ca-yac ca-,"both - and" ;"that"[accord. to after expressions of"impossibility","disbelief","hope","disregard","reproach"and,"wonder"]; yad vā-,"or else","whether" ;[ yad vā-,"or else", is very often in commentators];"however" ; yad vā-- yadi vā-,"if-or it" ; yad bhūyasā-,"for the most part" ; yat satyam-,"certainly","indeed","of course" ; yan nu-,with 1st Persian,"what if I","let me" ) |
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