Sanskrit Dictionary

Select your preferred input and type any Sanskrit or English word. Enclose the word in “” for an EXACT match e.g. “yoga”.

Amarakosha Search

2 results

Word	Reference	Gender	Number	Synonyms

caṇḍālaḥ	2.10.19	Masculine	Singular	antevāsī, janaṅgamaḥ, plavaḥ, pukkasaḥ, śvapacaḥ, divākīrttiḥ, cāṇḍālaḥ, niṣādaḥ, mātaṅgaḥ

chātraḥ	2.7.13	Masculine	Singular	antevāsī, śiṣyaḥ

Monier-Williams Search

6153 results for nte

the augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the imperfect, aorist, and conditional tenses (in the veda- often wanting, as in Homer, the fact being that originally the augment was only prefixed in principal sentences where it was accentuated, whilst it was dropped in subordinate sentences where the root-vowel took the accent).

interjection of pity, Ah!

ābādha

mfn. distressed, tormented

abahir

ind. "not outside", in the interior, in one's heart

abāhya

mfn. not exterior, internal

abhagna

mfn. uninterrupted.

ābharita

mfn. (fr. ā-bharaṇa-), ornamented, decorated

ābhāsa

m. intention, purpose

ābhāṣaṇa

n. addressing, speaking to, conversing with, entertainment

abhāvanīya

mfn. not to be inferred or contemplated.

abhaya

mfn. fearless, undaunted

abhi

ind. (a prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) to, towards, into, over, upon. (As a prefix to verbs of motion) it expresses the notion or going towards, approaching, etc. (As a prefix to nouns not derived from verbs) it expresses superiority, intensity, etc.

abhī

( i-), abhy-/eti- (Imper. 2. sg. abh/īhi-; imperfect tense 3. plural -āyan-,3. sg. A1. -āyata-; ind.p. abh/ītya-) to come near, approach, go up to or towards (accusative)

etc. ; (with sakāśam-or samīpam-or pārśve-) idem or '([ ]) or a-bhīr/uṇa- ([ ]), mfn. not terrific.'

; to go along or after (accusative)

etc. ; to enter, join, go over to

; (with a pr. p.) to begin to, (perf. 3. plural abhīy/uḥ-)

; to reach, obtain

etc. ; to get or fall into (accusative)

etc. ; to come to, fall to one's share (with accusative)

; (said of the sun) to rise (as if he came nearer;also with abhitarām-[ q.v ] instead of abhi-)

(with astam-) to set

(see abhy-aya-): Passive voice abhīyate- to be perceived, known

: Intensive (1. plural -īmahe-) to ask, request

abhibhāṣ

to address, speak to (accusative)

etc. ; converse with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to utter, say (abhibhāṣante-,"people use to say"

) ; to confess

abhibuddhi

f. (in sāṃkhya- philosophy) Name of a function of the intellect (comprising adhyavasāya-, abhimāna-, icchā-, kartavyatā-,and kriyā-).

abhicāraṇīya

mfn. to be enchanted

abhicārita

mfn. enchanted, charmed.

abhidhā

-dadhāti-, to surrender any one to (dative case; Aorist subjunctive 2. dual number -dhātam-)

; to bring upon (dative case)

: A1. (rarely P.) to put on or round, put on the furniture of a horse (see abh/i-hīta-below)

etc. ; to cover (a country) with an army

; to cover, protect

(Aorist Potential 2. plural -dhetana-), etc. ; (in classical Sanskrit generally) to set forth, explain, tell, speak to, address, say, name (see abh/i-hita-below) : Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be named or called: Causal -dhāpayate-, to cause to name

: Desiderative A1. -dh/itsate-, to intend to cover one's self

abhidhyai

-dhyāyati-, to direct one's intention to, set one's heart upon, intend, desire

etc. ; to meditate

abhīga

mfn. unterrified,

abhigama

m. sexual intercourse

abhigāmin

mfn. having sexual intercourse with (in compound)

abhigantṛ

m. one who has intercourse with a woman.

abhighātaka

mf(ikā-)n. counteracting, removing.

abhigumphita

mfn. strung together, interwoven

abhihan

(2. sg. Imper. -jahi- imperfect tense -h/an-[

] & perf. -jaghantha-) to thump at, strike, kill

etc. ; to beat (as a drum, etc.)

etc. ; to afflict, visit with (instrumental case)

: Desiderative -j/ighāṃsati-, to intend to strike down

ābhihārika

mfn. (fr. abhi-hāra-), to be presented (especially to a king)

abhijabh

Intensive (p. -j/añjabhāna-) to try to swallow, open the mouth to do so

abhijñā

f. supernatural science or faculty of a buddha- (of which five or six are enumerated, viz. 1. taking any form at will;2. hearing to any distance;3. seeing to any distance;4. penetrating men's thoughts;5. knowing their state and antecedents). confer, compare ṣaḍ-- abh-, parasmE-pada 1109

abhijñāta

acquainted with,

abhijuṣṭa

mfn. visited, frequented, surrounded by, possessed of

abhijval

to blaze forth

; Causal -jva-layati-, to enlighten, illuminate

: Intensive -jājvalīti-, to blaze up, rise suddenly (as anger, etc.)

abhikāś

Intensive -cākaśīti- (1. sg. śīmi-;Imper. 2. sg. śīthi-; imperfect tense 1. sg. -acākaśam-) to illuminate, irradiate

; to look on, to perceive

abhikrand

(Aorist 2. sg. -kran-) to shout at, roar at, neigh or whinny at

: Causal (Aorist -acikradat-), idem or 'mfn. insolent, haughty '

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -k/anikradat-) idem or 'mfn. insolent, haughty '

abhilabh

A1. to take or lay hold of

; to reach, obtain, gain

etc.: Desiderative (parasmE-pada P. -lipsat-) to intend to catch or obtain

abhilakṣita

mfn. indicated, pointed out

abhīlāpalap

(or abhī-lāpal/ap-,fr. irreg. Intensive) mfn. ( lap-), excessively whimpering

(see abhīmoda-m/ud-.)

abhilikh

to engrave, write upon, draw, paint: Caus. to cause to paint, have anything painted

; to cause to write down

abhīma

mfn. unterrific, causing no fear

abhiman

-manyate- (subjunctive -manyāte-

) to think of, long for, desire

etc. ; (Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -maṃsthāḥ-,3. sg. -maṃsta-, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood abh/i-mantoḥ-

) to intend to injure, be insidious, threaten, injure

etc. ; to kill

(Aorist -amaṃsta-)

; to allow, agree

; to think of self, be proud of ; to think, suppose, imagine, take for (accusative)

abhimāna

m. intention to injure, insidiousness

abhimānita

n. copulation, sexual intercourse

abhīmodamud

(or abhī-modam/ud-,fr. irreg. Intensive) mfn. ( mud-), excessively joyful

(see abhīlāpa-l/ap-.)

abhimṛś

P. (1. plural -mṛśāmasi-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -m/ṛśe-

) to touch, come in contact with

etc.: A1. -mṛśate- idem or 'mfn. one who devastates.'

: Causal to cause to touch,

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -marmṛśat-) "to intend to bring in contact with one's self", to long for (accusative)

; (

)

abhimukha

mf(ī-,rarely ā-)n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') disposed to, intending to, ready for

abhimūrchita

mfn. augmented, intensified

abhinetavya

mfn. to be represented dramatically.

abhinī

( -ni-i-), (Imper. -ny/etu-) to enter into (as in approaching a woman)

abhinipīḍita

mfn. pained, tormented.

abhiniṣkārin

mfn. intending anything evil against, injuring

(see abhi-k/ṛtvarī-.)

abhiniṣpad

to come to (accusative)

; to enter into, become (with accusative)

; to appear

: Causal -pādayati-, to bring to (accusative)

abhinīta

mfn. highly finished or ornamented

abhiniveśa

m. application, intentness, study, affection, devotion (with locative case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

abhiniveśana

n. application to, intentness on (compound),

abhiniveśin

mfn. intent upon, devoted to

abhiniveśita

mfn. made to enter into, plunged into.

abhiniviś

-viśate-, to enter (with accusative)

; to disembogue (as a river) into (accusative)

; to devote one's self entirely to (accusative)

etc.: Caus. -veśayati-, to cause to enter, lead into (accusative)

; to cause to sit down upon (locative case)

; to cause any one to devote himself entirely to

etc., (with manas-,or ātmānam-) to devote one's attention to (locative case)

abhiniviṣṭa

mfn. entered or plunged into

abhiniviṣṭa

mfn. intent on (locative case or in compound)

abhinna

mfn. uninterrupted

abhinna

mfn. (in arithmetic)"undivided", integer, whole (as numbers)

abhinnātman

mfn. "of undaunted spirit", firm.

abhinu

A1. (3. plural abh/īnavante-) to turn one's self towards (accusative)

abhinu

P. A1. (proper 1. plural -navāmahe-,3. plural -navante-; imperfect tense P.3. plural -anāvan-; Aorist 1. sg. -anūṣi-,3. dual number -anūṣātām-,3. plural -anūṣata-[very frequently] or -nūṣata-

) to shout towards (accusative)

: Intensive (1. plural -nonumas-) idem or 'A1. (3. plural abh/īnavante-) to turn one's self towards (accusative) '

abhipīḍita

mfn. oppressed, tormented, afflicted

abhiprajan

(3. plural A1. -jāyante-) to bring forth, bear

: Causal -janayati-, to generate for the sake of (accusative)

abhipramṛś

(Imper. 2. sg. -mṛsa-; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -mṛkṣas-and 2. plural -mṛkṣata-) to seize, grasp: Intensive (parasmE-pada Nominal verb m. -marmṛśat-) idem or 'mfn. ( mṝ-), bruising, crushing '

abhipraṇu

(4 nu-), (Aorist A1.3. plural -/anūṣata-) to shout towards, praise highly

: Intensive (1. plural -ṇonumas-[frequently]; perf. 3. plural -ṇonuvuḥ-) idem or 'mfn. brought to (as fire to the altar) (see pra-ṇī-.)'

abhiprapad

to come towards, reach at, enter into (accusative)

etc. ; to resort to (accusative)

etc. ; to undertake

abhipratapta

mfn. "intensely heated", dried up

abhipraveśa

m. entering into

abhiprāya

m. purpose, intention, wish

etc.

abhipre

( i-), -praiti- (Imper. 2. sg. -pr/ehi-2. plural pr/eta-

;

) to go near to, approach ; to approach with one's mind, to think of

; to aim at, intend.

abhipreta

mfn. meant, intended

etc.

abhipretya

ind. intending, meaning by

abhipūjita

mfn. approved, assented to

abhirādh

Causal -rādhayati-, to propitiate, conciliate

etc.: Causal Passive voice -rādhyate-, to be rendered propitious

: Causal Desiderative -rirādhayiṣati-, to intend to render propitious

abhirañjita

mfn. tinted, coloured

abhirata

mfn. pleased or contented with (locative case), satisfied

abhīṣ

(3. iṣ-), abhīcchati- (subjunctive abh/īcchāt-) to seek for, long for (accusative)

; to intend to (Inf.)

abhisamāpad

A1. (perf. -pede-) to enter upon (accusative)

abhisamāruh

(imperfect tense 3. plural -/arohan-) to enter upon (the sacrificial fire-place) for a purpose (accusative)

abhisamāvṛt

Ved. (3. plural -/āvartante-and imperfect tense -āvartanta-; future p. -vartsyamāna-) to return home

abhisaṃdhāna

n. attachment or interest in any object

abhisaṃdhi

m. speaking or declaring deliberately, purpose, intention, object, meaning

abhisaṃdhikṛta

mfn. done intentionally.

abhisaṃdhipūrva

mfn. that which has been intended, aimed at

abhisaṃdhipūrvakam

ind. with some intention, purposely

abhisaṃjñā

(3. plural -jānate- subjunctive -jān/āntai- imperfect tense -ajānata-) to agree, allow, concede anything (dative case) to (accusative)

abhisaṃnu

A1. (3. plural -navante-; Aorist 3. plural -anūṣata-) to rejoice or cheer together at or towards (accusative)

abhisampac

Passive voice (3. pl -pacyante-) to become ripe up to a certain time (accusative)

abhisaṃrabh

A1. (3. plural -rabhante-;Opt. 1. plural -rabhemahi-) to take hold of (for support)

abhisaṃrakta

mfn. ( rañj-), intensely attached to (in compound)

abhisaṃtapta

mfn. tormented

abhisaṃviś

P. A1. (Imper. 2. plural -s/aṃ-viśadhvam-) to meet round or near, surround

etc. ; to enter into, dissolve in

abhisap

(3. plural A1. -s/apante-) to carry on, manage

abhiṣecya

mfn. to be anointed

abhiṣektavya

mfn. to be consecrated or anointed

abhiṣic

( sic-) P., rarely A1. (exempli gratia, 'for example'

) to sprinkle, water, wet

(pr. p. -siñc/at-), etc. ; to consecrate, anoint, appoint by consecration

etc.: A1. (Imper. 2. sg. -ṣiñcasva-,sometimes varia lectio Passive voice -ṣicyasva-) to consecrate one's self or have one's self consecrated

: A1. or Passive voice to bathe

: Causal P. to water, wet : P. (rarely ā-.) to consecrate, anoint : A1. (with or without[

] ātmānam-) to have one's self consecrated: Desiderative -ṣiṣikṣati- and Intensive -sesicyate-

and commentator or commentary

abhiṣikta

mfn. anointed, installed, enthroned (see mūrdhābhiṣikta-.)

abhisisārayiṣu

mfn. intending to go to a rendezvous or to visit (a lover)

abhisṛṣṭa

mfn. surrendered, given, granted

abhiṣṭan

( stan-), (Imper. 2. sg. -ṣṭana-) to thunder

: Causal idem or '( so-), (1. sg. -ṣyāmi-) to fetter, chain ; (pr. p. -ṣyat-) to put an end to, destroy ; imperfect tense -aṣyat- '

: Intensive (Imper. 2. sg. -taṃstanīhi-) to roar

abhisthiram

ind. very firmly, intensely

abhiṣu

(3 su-), (3. plural -ṣuṇv/anti-; ind.p. -ṣ/utya-) to press out (with stones) the soma- juice (or any other juice)

etc. ; to press out with the help of any liquid

(Passive voice 3. plural -ṣūyante-)

; (future parasmE-pada -soṣyat- see

) to moisten

: Causal -ṣāvayati-

commentator or commentary

abhīśu

m. (through incorrect interpretation of d/aśābhīśu- q.v) arm, finger

abhiśubh

A1. (participle f. -ś/umbhamānā-) to adorn one's self with (accusative)

; (3. plural -śobhante-) to be bright

abhiśuc

(Imper. -śocatu-; subjunctive 2. sg. -śocas-) to flame towards, burn, consume

; to burn, torment

: Causal (Aorist subjunctive 3. plural -śūśucan-) to burn, consume (by fire)

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -ś/ośucāna-) idem or 'to mourn '

abhisūcita

mfn. pointed out

abhiṣvaṅga

m. intense attachment or affection to (locative case [

etc.] , rarely instrumental case [

]) .

abhiṣvaṅgin

mfn. intensely attached to or mad for

abhitap

to irradiate with heat, to heat

; to pain, distress: Passive voice -tapyate-, to suffer intensely: Caus. -tāpayati-, to distress.

abhitāpin

mfn. intensely hot,

abhivādaka

mfn. having the intention to salute, N. (see abhi-vandaka-)

abhivādin

m. an explainer, interpreter

abhivandaka

mfn. having the intention to salute

abhivijaṃh

Intensive -j/aṅgahe- (Ved. 3. sg.) to struggle, move in convulsions

abhiviś

Caus., perf. Pass. p. -veśita-,"caused to enter upon", directed towards

abhiviṣṭa

mfn. "entered by", seized by, being in the power of (in compound)

abhivṛddha

mfn. increased, augmented.

abhiyogin

mfn. intent upon, absorbed in attacking

abhiyuj

A1. -yuṅkte-, to put to (as horses to a carriage) for a special purpose (accusative)

: P. to put to (as horses) subsequently

: A1. to summon, invite to (dative case)

: P. to order, charge with (locative case)

: A1. (rarely P.) to encounter, attack, assail ; to accuse of (accusative)

: P. A1. to undertake, apply to, make one's self ready to (accusative or infinitive mood): Causal to furnish with, make anybody share in (instrumental case)

abhiyukta

mfn. applied, intent on (locative case)

abhiyukta

mfn. appointed

ābhūka

mfn. empty, having no contents

abhūtapūrva

mfn. unprecedented

abhyadhika

mf(ā-)n. augmented by (ablative [

]or instrumental case or in compound)

abhyādiś

(Intensive p. -d/ediśāna-) to aim at (in hostile manner)

abhyāgama

m. encountering, striking, killing

abhyāghāta

m. interruption commentator or commentary on

abhyāghātya

mfn. recited with interruption

abhyaghāya

Nom. P. -aghāy/ati-, to intend to injure

abhyāhanana

n. impeding, interruption commentator or commentary on

abhyakta

mfn. oiled, anointed

abhyantara

mf(ā-)n. interior, being inside of, included in (locative case; genitive case or in compound [ see gaṇābhyantara-])

abhyantara

n. inner part, interior, inside, middle

etc.

abhyantara

n. (generally locative case; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') interval, space of time

ābhyantara

mfn. (fr. abhy-antara-), being inside, interior, inner

ābhyantaraprayatna

m. internal effort (of the mouth in producing articulate utterance) commentator or commentary on

abhyantaratas

ind. in the interior, inwards

abhyanujñāta

mfn. assented to, approved

abhyanujñeya

mfn. to be admitted or assented to,

abhyanuvac

(perf. -anūvāca-) to declare or state or utter with reference to (accusative)

: Passive voice (3. plural -anūcyante-) to be referred to by some statement or verse

abhyāpad

(Potential -padyeta-) to enter into, come to (accusative)

abhyāpādam

ind. so as to enter into or pass through (accusative)

abhyāsavyavāya

m. interval caused by the reduplication-syllable

commentator or commentary

abhyavagāh

to enter,

abhyavakṝ

(Passive voice 3. plural -kīryante-) to throw or cast on, pour on, cover

abhyavaskand

(ind.p. -skandya-) to jump down or into

; to meet, encounter

abhyavatan

-tanoti-, to send out or spread (as rays instrumental case) towards (accusative)

: Passive voice (3. plural -tāyante-) to be sent out or spread (as rays) towards (accusative)

abhyāviś

(imperfect tense -āviśat-) to rush into (accusative)

; P. A1. to enter into, penetrate

abhyudīr

Causal (parasmE-pada -īrayat-) to raise (one's voice)

: Passive voice -īryate-, to be stirred up, be intensified

abhyunmodanīya

mfn. to be assented to or aquiesced in,

abhyupagantavya

mfn. to be assented to or agreed upon

abhyupagata

mfn. agreed, assented to, admitted

abhyupayā

to approach, go towards (accusative or dative case)

; (with śamam-) to enter the state of rest

abhyupe

( i-), -upaiti- (3. plural -/upayanti-) to go near, approach, arrive at, enter

etc. ; (with apaḥ-) to bathe

; to approach (in copulation)

; to go to meet any one (accusative)

; to enter a state or condition, obtain, share

(Ved. infinitive mood -upaitos-)

etc. ; to admit as an argument or a position

(perf. p. genitive case plural -upeyuṣām-) commentator or commentary on

and on

; to select as (accusative)

; to agree with, approve of

(See abhy-upeta-): Passive voice -upeyate- to be approved of, admitted

abhyupeta

mfn. agreed upon, assented to

abhyupetavya

mfn. to be admitted or assented to commentator or commentary on

abhyupetya

having entered

abhyupetya

having assented or agreed to.

abjahasta

m. the sun (represented as holding a lotus in one hand)

abodhanīya

mfn. unintelligible

abuddhipūrva

mfn. not preceded by intelligence

abuddhipūrva

mfn. beginning with non-intelligence

abuddhipūrvaka

mfn. not preceded by intelligence

abuddhipūrvaka

mfn. beginning with non-intelligence

abuddhyā

ind. unintentionally.

ācar

-carati-, to come near to (accusative), approach

; to lead hither (as a path)

; to address, apply to (accusative)

; to proceed, manage, behave one's self.

; to use, apply

; to examine (a witness)

; (with or without saha-) to have intercourse with

; to act, undertake, do, exercise, practise, perform

(

imperfect tense ācarat-,"has done it")

etc. ; to throw into the fire

ācarita

mfn. passed or wandered through, frequented by

etc.

acchāsyand

Caus. to flow near (Aorist -/asiṣyadat-)

,2: Intensive to cause to flow near (participle Nominal verb sg. m. -s/aniṣyadat-)

acchidra

mfn. free from clefts or flaws, unbroken, uninterrupted, uninjured

acchidreṇa

ind. uninterruptedly, without break from first to last.

ācchidya

interrupting (exempli gratia, 'for example' a tale, kathām-)

ācikhyāsā

f. (fr. Desiderative) intention of telling or expressing

acitta

mfn. destitute of intellect or sense.

ācyu

Causal P. (1. plural -cyāvayāmas-,or masi-;2. sg. -cyāvayasi-and imperative ya-) to cause or induce to come near

: Intensive P. (imperfect tense -acucyavīt-,3. plural vuḥ-) to cause to flow over, pour out

: P. and A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural -acucyavuḥ-: A1.1. plural -cucyuvīm/ahi-,3. plural -cucyavīrata-) to cause or induce to come near

ādara

m. ādaraṃ-- 1. kṛ-, to exert or interest one's self for

ādarśita

mfn. shown, pointed out

adbhutakratu

(/adbhuta--) mfn. possessing wonderful intelligence

adeśastha

mfn. one absent from his country, an absentee.

adevaka

mf(ā-)n. not referring to or intended for any deity

ādhāra

m. the subject in a sentence (of which qualities etc. are affirmed)

adharmā

f. unrighteousness (personified and represented as the bride of death).

ādharṣita

mf(ā-)n. convicted, sentenced

adhaupāsana

n. sexual intercourse commentator or commentary on

adhibrū

Ved. to speak in favour of (dative case) or favourably to (dative case), intercede for.

adhidina

n. an intercalated day.

adhigam

to go up to, approach, overtake, to approach for sexual intercourse, to fall in with, to meet, find, discover, obtain ; to accomplish ; to study, read: Desiderative P. adhi-jigamiṣati-, to seek ; A1. adhi-jigāṃsate-, to be desirous of studying or reading.

adhika

mfn. intercalated

adhikadina

n. a redundant id est an intercalated day (see adhi-dina-.)

adhikamāsa

m. an intercalated month.

adhīkāra

m. (equals adhi-kāra-) superintendence over (locative case)

adhikaraṇa

n. relationship of words in a sentence (which agree together, either as adjective and substantive, or as subject and predicate, or as two substantives in apposition)

adhikaraṇa

mfn. having to superintend.

adhikārin

m. a superintendent, governor

adhikarmakara

m. an overseer, superintendent.

adhikarmakṛt

m. an overseer, superintendent.

adhikarmakṛta

m. person appointed to superintend an establishment.

adhikarman

n. superintendence.

adhikasaṃvatsara

m. an intercalated month.

adhikatithi

mf. an intercalary lunar day.

adhikṛ

to place at the head, appoint ; to aim at, regard ; to refer or allude to ; to superintend, be at the head of (locative case)

: A1. -kurute-, to be or become entitled to (accusative)

; to be or become superior to, overcome

adhikṛta

mfn. placed at the head of, appointed

adhikṛta

m. a superintendent (especially a comptroller of public accounts).

adhikṣepa

m. abuse, contempt, dismissal.

adhimāsa

m. an additional or intercalary month.

adhimukta

mfn. also"intent on",

adhinam

Intensive A1. -n/amnate-, to incline over

adhiroḍhavya

n. (impersonal or used impersonally) it is to be mounted on (locative case),

adhiroha

mfn. riding, mounted

adhirūḍha

mfn. ascended, mounted.

adhisaṃvas

(3. pl. v/asante-) to dwell or reside together

(quoted in

)

adhispardh

(3. plural p. -sp/ardhante-and perf. -paspṛdhre-) to compete for an aim, strive at (locative case)

adhiṣṭhā

( sthā-) to stand upon, depend upon to inhabit abide to stand over ; to superintend, govern ; to step over or across ; to overcome; to ascend, mount ; to attain, arrive at.

adhiṣṭhānadeha

n. the intermediate body which serves to clothe and support the departed spirit during its several residences in the pitṛ-loka- or world of spirits (also called the preta-śarīra-).

adhiṣṭhānaśarīra

n. the intermediate body which serves to clothe and support the departed spirit during its several residences in the pitṛ-loka- or world of spirits (also called the preta-śarīra-).

adhiṣṭhātṛ

mfn. superintending, presiding, governing, tutelary

adhiṣṭhāyaka

mfn. governing, superintending, guarding.

adhiṣṭheya

mfn. to be superintended or governed.

adhiṣṭhita

mfn. superintended

adhiṣṭhita

mfn. appointed

adhiṣṭhita

mfn. superintending.

ādhīta

n. the object of thought, anything intended or hoped for

ādhīti

f. thinking about, intending

adhivāsana

n. the ceremony of touching a vessel containing fragrant objects (that have been presented to an idol)

adhivāsita

mfn. scented, perfumed.

adhopahāsa

(dh/as-up-) m. sexual intercourse

adhvaraga

mfn. intended for an adhvara-.

ādhvarika

m. a man acquainted with the adhvara- sacrifice

adhvaryukāṇḍa

n. Name of a book of mantra-s or prayers intended for adhvaryu- priests.

āḍhya

mf(ā-)n. (in arithmetic) augmented by (instrumental case)

adhyakṣa

m. an inspector, superintendent

ādhyakṣya

n. (fr. adhy-akṣa-), superintendence

adhyārūḍha

mfn. mounted up, ascended

adhyās

to sit down or lie down upon, to settle upon ; to occupy as one's seat or habitation ; to get into, enter upon ; to be directed to or upon ; to affect, concern ; to preside over, influence, rule ; to cohabit with: Causal P. adhy-āsayati-, to cause to sit down

: Desiderative (parasmE-pada adhyāsisiṣamāṇa-) to be about to rise up to (accusative)

adhyātmarati

m. a man delighting in the contemplation of the Supreme Spirit.

adhyeṣyamāṇa

mf(ā-)n. (future p.) intending to study, about to read

adhyuṣṭa

mfn. (invented as the Sanskrit representative of the Prakrit addhuththha-,which is derived from ardha-caturtha-), three and a half.

ādidīpaka

n. Name of a figure in rhetoric (the verb standing at the beginning of the sentence)

ādigdha

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' besmeared, anointed

ādiś

P. -did/eṣṭi- ([ subjunctive 3. sg. -dideśati-

]), -diś/ati- ([3. plural -diśanti- imperative 2. sg. -diśa- imperfect tense 1. sg. ādiśam-,etc.]) , rarely -diśate- ([

]) infinitive mood -d/iśe- ([

]) and -deṣṭum- (Aorist 3. sg. ādikṣat-[

See

] future 1. plural -dekṣyāmaḥ-, perf. -dideśa-) to aim at, have in view ; to threaten

; to hit

; to assign

etc. ; to point out, indicate ; to report, announce, teach

etc. ; to determine, specify, denominate

etc. ; to declare, foretell,

etc. ; to order, direct, command

etc. ; to refer any one to (locative case) ; to banish

etc. ; to undertake, try

; to profess as one's aim or duty

: Causal -deśayati-, to show, indicate, announce,

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -d/ediśāna-) to have in view, aim at (accusative)

ādiś

f. aiming at, design, intention

āditya

m. the plant Calotropis Gigantea

ādityapattra

m. Calotropis Gigantea

ādṝ

P. A1. (2. sg. subjunctive /ā-darṣi-

;3. sg. subjunctive Aorist /ā-darṣate-

;2. sg. subjunctive Intensive /ā-dardarṣi-

) to crush, force or split open ; to make accessible, bring to light: Intensive (2. sg. imperative /ā-dardṛhi-

) to crack, split open.

ādya

mf(ā-)n. being at the head, unparalleled, unprecedented, excellent

āgam

P. -gacchati- (imperative -gacchatāt-

;2. sg. -gahi-[frequently, in

], once -gadhi-[

]; perf. -jag/āma-

etc.; Potential -jagamyāt-

; subjunctive -gamat-; Aorist 3. sg. -agāmi-

; subjunctive 2. dual number -gamiṣṭam-

) to come, make one's appearance, come near from (ablative) or to (accusative or locative case), arrive at, attain, reach

etc. ; (generally with p/unar-) to return

etc. ; to fall into (any state of mind), have recourse to

; to meet with (instrumental case)

: Causal (imperative 2. sg. -gamaya-) to cause to come near

; -gamayati-, to announce the arrival of (accusative)

; (Potential A1. -gamayeta-; perf. P. -gamayām-āsa-) to obtain information about (accusative), ascertain

; to learn from (ablative)

: A1. -gamayate- (

commentator or commentary) to wait for (accusative), have patience

: Intensive -ganīganti-, to approach repeatedly (accusative)

: Desiderative (parasmE-pada -jigamiṣat-) to be about to come

āgamavat

mfn. approaching for sexual intercourse

agamya

mfn. unintelligible

agamyagā

f. a woman who has illicit intercourse with a man

agamyāgamana

n. illicit intercourse with a woman.

agaṇita

mfn. uncounted

āgantṛ

mfn. (future p.) about or intending to come

āgantuka

mfn. interpolated (said of a various reading which has crept into the text without authority) commentator or commentary on

āgata

mfn. entered (into any state or condition of mind)

agata

n. not yet frequented, the dominion of death

āgatāstha

mfn. full of interest, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding

aghāya

Nom. P. aghāy/ati- (participle y/at-), to intend to injure, to threaten

aghāyu

mfn. intending to injure, malicious

āghrāta

mfn. smelled, scented

aghṛṇin

mfn. not contemptuous, not disdainful.

agnipraveśa

m. entering the fire, self immolation of a widow on her husband's funeral pile.

agnipraveśana

n. entering the fire, self immolation of a widow on her husband's funeral pile.

agnirakṣaṇa

n. maintenance of the sacred domestic fire.

agniṣṭomasāma

m. the passage of the sāma-veda- chanted at the agniṣṭoma-

agniṣṭomasāman

n. the passage of the sāma-veda- chanted at the agniṣṭoma-

agra

mfn. (fr. aṅg-

), foremost, anterior, first, prominent, projecting, chief, best

agragaṇya

mfn. to be counted or regarded as the foremost, principal.

agrāgra

mf(ā-)n. pointed in front,

agraśikha

mfn. having a pointed flame,

agri

m. a word invented for the explanation of agn/i-

agrya

mf(ā-)n. intent closely attentive

aha

ind. (as admitting, limiting, etc.) it is true, I grant, granted, indeed, at least

([For the rules of accentuation necessitated in a phrase by the particle /aha- see

])

aha

1 (also) a particle answering to ha- in a preceding sentence (ha-- aha- = $),

āha

ind. an interjection

ahaha

ind. an interjection, as Ah! aha-! etc. (implying surprise, fatigue, pain, sorrow, pleasure, calling)

ahaituka

mf(ī-)n. having no motive, disinterested

āhan

P. -hanti- (imperative /ā-jahi-

etc.; perfect tense /ā-jaghāna-

etc.) A1. -hate- (only if no object follows

,or if the object is a part of one's own body

; Potential 1. sg. -ghnīya-

) to strike at, hit, beat ; to attack, assault

etc.: (A1.) to strike one's self (or any part of one's body)

and commentator or commentary

; to make away with one's self

; to fasten

; to beat or cause to sound (a drum etc.)

etc.: Intensive /ā-jaṅghanti-

, to strike at or beat violently.

ahar

n. a sacrificial or festival day, portion of a sacrifice appointed for one day's performance

etc. (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',as dvādaśāh/a-,etc.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. /aha-)

āhata

mfn. hit, blunted (said of a visarga-, when changed to o-)

ahāvas

ind. an interjection said to sound like a flourish at the end of a sāman- verse

ahetusama

m. a particular sophism tending to prove an argument to be untenable

āhita

mfn. entertained, felt

aho

ind. a particle (implying joyful or painful surprise) Ah! (of enjoyment or satisfaction) Oh! (of fatigue, discontent, compassion, sorrow, regret) Alas! Ah! (of praise see

) Bravo! (of reproach) Fie! (of calling

) Ho! Halo! (of contempt) Pshaw! Often combined with other particles of similar signification, as aho dhik- or dhig aho-, aho bata-, etc.

āho

ind. (gaRa cādi-

) an interjection, of asking and of doubt,"Is it so?"

āhosvit

ind. an interrogative particle (often after kim- exempli gratia, 'for example' kim īśvarānapekṣikam āho svid īśvarāpekṣam-,"is it independent of God or dependent on God?")

āhṛ

P. -harati- (Aorist 1. sg. -ahārṣam-

; perfect tense -jahāra-,Inf. -hartav/ai-

) ; seldom A1. (perfect tense -jahre-

) to fetch, bring, bring near ; to offer, reach forth, deliver, give

etc. ; to fetch for one's self, take away, take, receive, get

etc. ; to conceive (as a woman)

; to bring home (a bride)

; to put on ; to take for one's self, use, enjoy

etc. ; to manifest, utter, speak

etc.: Causal P. A1. -hārayati-, -te-, to cause to fetch ; to procure

; to cause to bring, collect (taxes)

; to take for one's self, enjoy, eat

; to manifest, utter

: Desiderative P. A1. -jihīrṣati-, -te-, to wish or intend to procure

; to seek to get

āhṛtayajñakratu

(/āhṛta--) mfn. intending to accomplish a prepared sacrifice

āhve

P. -hvayati- (but also Potential 1. sg. ā-huvema-

) A1. -hvayate- (but also 1. sg. /ā-huve-

; Aorist 3. plural /āhūṣata-

; infinitive mood -huv/adhyai-

-hvayitav/ai-

) to call near, invoke invite, summon, cite

etc. ; to provoke, challenge, emulate (in this sense only A1.

)

etc. ; to call to (especially in rites said of the hotṛ-, who addresses the adhvaryu- by the ā-hāva- or ā-hvāna-;See below)

and

; to proclaim

: Causal -hvāyayati-, to cause to call near, send for ; to cause to summon or challenge or invite

: Desiderative -juhūṣati-, to wish to call near, to be about to call near: Intensive /ā-johavīti-

, to call near zealously.

ind. an interjection

aikāgrya

n. (fr. ekāgra-), intentness or concentration on one object

aikārthya

n. (fr. ekārtha-), oneness of aim or intention

aiṇa

mf(ī-)n. (fr. eṇa-), produced from or belonging to the male black antelope

aiṇeya

mfn. (fr. eṇī-), produced or coming from the female black antelope

etc.

aiṇeya

mfn. (fr. aiṇeya-) belonging to anything which is produced from the female black antelope

aiṇeya

m. the black antelope

aiṇika

mfn. hunting black antelopes

cl.1 P. (defective,supplemented fr. vi-), /ajati-, ājīt-, ajitum-, to drive, propel, throw, cast: Desiderative ajijiṣati-, to be desirous of driving ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin ago]).

ajāntrī

f. the pot-herb Convolvulus Argenteus.

ajātaśatru

m. (us-) Name of śiva-, of yudhiṣṭhira-, of a king of kāśī-, of a son of śamika-, of a son of vidmisāra- or bimbisāra- (contemporary of śākyamuni-)

ājigamiṣu

mfn. intending to come (with negative an--)

ājighṛkṣu

mfn. intending to seize

ajina

n. the hairy skin of an antelope, especially a black antelope (which serves the religious student for a couch seat, covering etc.)

ajinayoni

m. "origin of skin", an antelope, deer.

ajitakeśakambala

m. Name of one of the six chief heretical teachers (mentioned in Buddhist texts as contemporaries of buddha-).

ājyalipta

(/ājya--) mfn. anointed with clarified butter

ākā

(perf. A1.1. and 3. sg. -cak/e-) to endeavour to obtain, desire, love

: Intensive (imperative 3. plural -cakantu-; see ā-kan-) to be pleased with (locative case)

akāma

mf(ā-)n. unintentional, reluctant

akāmasaṃjñapana

n. unintentional killing of a victim before a sacrifice,

akāmatas

ind. unintentionally, unwillingly.

ākan

Intensive (imperative 2. sg. -cākandhi-) to be pleased with (locative case)

(see ā-kā-.)

akariṣyat

mfn. not intending to do,

ākāśadīpa

m. any lantern on a pole

akava

mfn. (fr. 1. ku- q.v), not contemptible, not stingy

akavāri

mf(ī-)n. not selfish, not stingy

([

explains by a-kava-ari-,"not contemptible as an enemy, or to his enemies, not having weak enemies"]) .

ākheṭaka

m. a hunter

ākheṭika

m. a hunter

akiñcana

mfn. disinterested

akkā

f. (Voc. akka-

) a mother (used contemptuously)

ākṛ

-kṛṇoti- (imperative 2. sg. P. -kṛdhi-and A1. -kṛṇuṣva-; perf. A1. -cakre-) to bring near or towards

: A1. (subjunctive 1. plural -karāmahe-; imperfect tense -akṛṇuta-, perf. -cakre-, parasmE-pada -cakrāṇ/a-) to drive near or together (as cows or cattle)

: P. (imperative 2. sg. -kṛdhi-; ind.p. -k/ṛtya-) to drive near

; (perf. 1. plural -cakrim/ā-) to serve or prepare a sacrifice to (dative case)

; (imperfect tense ākarot-) to call near (a deity)

: Causal -kārayati-, to call near, invite to a place

; to ask any one (accusative) for anything (accusative)

: Desiderative -cikīrṣati-, to intend to accomplish

: Intensive parasmE-pada -c/arikrat-, attracting repeatedly towards one's self

ākram

P. A1. (parasmE-pada P. -krāmat-

; parasmE-pada A1. ā-kr/amamāṇa-

; Aorist ā-akramīt-

; perf. p. A1. -cakramāṇ/a-

; ind.p. -kr/amya-

etc.) to step or go near to, come towards, approach, visit

etc. ; to step or tread upon (accusative [

etc.] or locative case [

]) ; (ind.p. -kramya-) to hold fast with the hands, seize

; to attack, invade

(Inf. -kramitum-)

; (in astronomy) to eclipse

; to undertake, begin (with infinitive mood)

: A1. -kramate- (

; future parasmE-pada -kraṃsy/amāna-) to rise, mount, ascend

etc.: Causal -kramayati-, to cause to come or step near

; to cause any one (instrumental case) to enter into (accusative)

: Desiderative -cikraṃsate-, to wish to ascend

ākrand

P. -krandati- (Aorist 3. plural ākrandiṣuḥ-

) to shout out

; to invoke, call for help

: P. A1. to cry with sorrow, lament, weep

etc.: Causal (imperative 2. sg. -krandaya-) to inspire (courage) by its sound (as a drum)

; (parasmE-pada -krand/ayat-) to shout at, roar at

; to cry without interruption

: to cause to lament or weep

ākrānta

mfn. approached, frequented, visited

ākrī

(Passive voice 3. plural -krīyante-) to purchase, obtain

(varia lectio ā-hāryante-

)

ākṛticchattrā

f. the plant Achyrantes Aspera

akṣapāṭa

m. an arena, a wrestling ground, place of contest

akṣāvāpa

m. ([

]) (see akṣa-vāpa-and akṣātivāpa-), the keeper or superintendent of a gambling-table [Comm. equals dyūta-pati-, dyūtādhyakṣa-, akṣa-goptṛ-].

ākṣeparūpaka

n. a simile, in which the object compared is only hinted at

akṣigata

mfn. presented to the eye, visible, seen

ākṣipta

mfn. pointed or referred to, indicated

etc.

akṣṇayādeśa

m. an intermediate region

ākta

mfn. (fr. āñj-) anointed

(see sv-/ākta-.)

āktākṣa

mfn. whose eyes are anointed

(/an-ākt- negative) 6.

ākū

A1. -kuvate-, to intend

akuṇṭha

mfn. not blunted, not worn out

akusīda

or akuśīda- mfn. taking no interest or usury, without gain.

ākūta

n. intention, purpose, wish

(See cittākūt/a-and sākūta-)

akutaścid

ind. not for any reason, unintentionally,

ākūti

f. intention, wish

etc.

akutūhala

mfn. not taking interest in (locative case),

cl.1 P. alati-, to adorn

; to be competent or able

; to prevent

([The root is evidently invented for the derivation of alam- q.v ])

alabdhābhipsita

mfn. disappointed in one's desire.

ālabh

A1. -labhate-, to take hold of, touch, handle

etc. ; to kill, sacrifice

etc. ; to commence, undertake

; to reach, obtain ; to conciliate

etc.: Causal -lamohayati-, to cause to touch

; to cause to begin

: Desiderative -lipsate-, to intend or wish to touch

; to intend to kill or sacrifice

alabhya

unintelligible,

alaghu

mfn. intense, violent.

alaghūṣman

m. intense heat.

alāka

m. (equals alarka-) the plant Calotropis Gigantea

ālākta

mf(ā-)n. anointed with poison (as an arrow)

ālāpin

f. (in music) a particular interval.

alarka

m. the plant Calatropis Gigantea Alba

(see dīrghā/iarka-)

alarti

(3. sg.) and alarṣi- (2. sg.) , Intensive fr. ṛ- q.v

ālekhya

mfn. to be written or delineated or painted

ālekhyadevatā

f. a painted deity.

ālekhyasamarpita

mfn. fixed on a picture, painted

ālih

P. -lihati-, to apply the tongue to ; to lick, lap

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -lelihāna-) to lick up (as fire)

ālikhita

mfn. drawn, written, delineated, painted

ālipta

mfn. anointed, smeared, plastered

ālipya

ind.p. having besmeared or anointed

ālokana

mfn. contemplating

ālokin

mfn. contemplating

ālup

P. -lumpati-, to tear out or asunder ; to dissolve, separate

: Passive voice -lupyate-, to be interrupted

ām

ind. an interjection of assent or recollection

etc.

amamatā

f. disinterestedness

amamatva

n. disinterestedness

amanas

mfn. without perception or intellect

amanaska

mfn. without perception or intellect

amandam

ind. (in compound amanda--) intensely

amanībhāva

m. the state of not having perception or intellect

āmantraṇa

n. deliberation, interrogation

āmantrayitṛ

m. an inviter, entertainer (especially of Brahmans)

amaradvija

m. a Brahman who lives by attending a temple or idol, by superintending a temple

āmarākṣasī

f. a particular remedy against dysentery.

āmarakta

m. dysentery.

āmaśrāddha

n. a śrāddha- at which raw food is presented,

amatipūrva

mfn. unconscious, unintentional.

amatipūrvaka

mfn. unconscious, unintentional.

āmātisāra

m. dysentery or diarrhoea produced by vitiated mucus in the abdomen (the excretion being mixed with hard and fetid matter)

amatsara

mfn. unenvious, disinterested

amatsara

n. disinterestedness

amatsarin

mfn. disinterested

amātsarya

n. disinterestedness

ambā

f. (Ved. vocative case /ambe-[

] or amba-[

],in later Sanskrit amba-only, sometimes a mere interjection

), a mother, good woman (as a title of respect)

ambarādhikārin

m. superintendent over the robes (an office at court)

ambikā

f. the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica.

ambuvāha

m. the number,"seventeen"

ambya

m. "a chanter"(an error of

; see amb/ī-).

amedhas

mfn. unintelligent, foolish, an idiot

aṃhasaspati

m. ([

]) lord of perplexity id est an intercalary month

āṃhaspatya

mfn. belonging to the dominion of aṃhaspati- (as the intercalary month)

āmī

P. -mināti- (

) to destroy, neutralize, curtail

; to put aside or away, cause to disappear or vanish, displace ; to exchange

; to put or push out of place

: A1. (imperfect tense /āminanta-) to vanish, disappear

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -m/emyāna-) to change, alter

amitraya

Nom. P. (parasmE-pada y/at-) to have hostile intentions

amitrāya

Nom. P. parasmE-pada y/at- equals amitray/at- above

(see

) : A1. yate-, to have hostile intentions

amoghavāñchita

mfn. never disappointed

āmṛj

P. -mṛjati-, to wipe away or off ; to rub, clean

etc.: Intensive (parasmE-pada -m/armṛjat-

) to smooth, polish, clean.

amṛtābhiṣikta

mfn. anointed with nectar

aṃśumat

mfn. pointed

amūra

mf(ā-)n. not ignorant, wise, intelligent, sharp-sighted

anabhijña

mfn. unacquainted with, ignorant commentator or commentary on

anabhimānuka

mfn. not having evil intentions against (accusative)

anabhipreta

n. an occurrence different from what was intended.

anabhisandhāna

n. disinterestedness.

anabhyārūḍha

mfn. not ascended, not mounted

anādara

m. disrespect, contemptuous neglect

anadhigatamanoratha

mfn. one who has not obtained his wish, disappointed.

anadhigataśāstra

mfn. unacquainted with the śāstra-s.

anadhikāracarcā

f. unjustifiable interference, intermeddling, officiousness.

anadhikṛta

mfn. not placed at the head of, not appointed.

anadhīna

m. an independent carpenter who works on his own account (See kauṭatakṣa-).

anadhiṣṭhāna

n. want of superintendence.

anadhiṣṭhita

mfn. not placed over, not appointed

anadhyakṣa

mfn. without a superintendent.

anadhyāya

m. a time when there is intermission of study

anadhyayana

n. not reading or studying, intermission of study

aṇaka

mfn. insignificant, small, contemptible, (gaRa utkarādi- q.v)

anakṣasaṅgam

([

]) or /an-akṣa-stambham- ([

]) ind. so as not to interfere with the axle-tree.

anāktākṣa

mfn. not having the eyes anointed,

analaṃkariṣṇu

mfn. unornamented.

anāmaka

m. the intercalary month

anantanemi

m. Name of a king of mālava-, a contemporary of śākyamuni-.

anantara

mf(ā-)n. having no interior

anantara

mf(ā-)n. having no interstice or interval or pause

anantara

mf(ā-)n. uninterrupted, unbroken

anantaraya

m. non-interruption

and

(see antaraya-.)

anantarita

mfn. not separated by any interstice

ānantarya

n. proximity, absence of interval

anantavat

m. (ān-) (in the upaniṣad-s) one of brahmā-'s four feet (earth, intermediate space, heaven, and ocean) .

ananubhāvakatā

f. unintelligibility.

anānupūrvya

n. separation of the different parts of a compound word by the intervention of others

anānupūrvyasaṃhitā

f. the manner of constructing a sentence with the above tmesis.

ananvābhakta

mfn. ( bhaj-), not receiving a share, not interested in (locative case)

ananyadṛṣṭi

mfn. gazing intently.

anārata

mfn. without interruption, continual

anāroka

mfn. without interstices, dense,

anarthabuddhi

mfn. having a worthless intellect.

anāruhya

ind.p. not having surmounted.

anāsādita

mfn. not met with, not found or obtained, not encountered or attacked

anasūri

m. not unwise, intelligent

ānati

f. contentedness

anātmanīna

mfn. not adapted to self, disinterested.

anātyantika

mfn. not perpetual, not final, intermittent, recurrent.

anavacchinna

mfn. not intersected, uninterrupted

anavacchitti

f. uninterruptedness,

anavagīta

mfn. not made an object of contemptuous song, uncensured.

anavagraha

mfn. not to be intercepted.

anavānam

ind. without breathing between, in one breath, without interruption, uno tenore

anavānatā

f. uninterruptedness, contiguity.

anavasara

mfn. having no interval of leisure, busy

anavasara

mfn. coming when there is no such interval, inopportune

anavāya

mfn. uninterrupted, unyielding

anāvṛtta

mfn. not frequented or approached

, not chosen.

aṇḍakoṭarapuṣpī

f. the plant Convolvulus Argenteus (?).

andhakārasaṃcaya

m. intensity of darkness.

andhatamasa

n. great, thick, or intense darkness

aṅga

n. a limb or subdivision of mantra- or counsel (said to be five, viz. 1. karmaṇām ārambhopāyaḥ-,means of commencing operations;2. puruṣa-dravya-sampad-,providing men and materials;3. deśa-kāla-vibhāga-,distribution of place and time;4. vipatti-pratīkāra-,counter-action of disaster;5. kārya-siddhi-,successful accomplishment; whence mantra-is said to be pañcāṅga-)

aṅgarāga

m. scented cosmetic.

ānī

P. -nayati- (1. plural /ā-nayāmasi-

; imperative 2. sg. /ā-naya-,3. sg. /ā-nayatu-; perfect tense /ā-nināya-

,and ā-nin/āya-

; infinitive mood -netav/ai-

) A1. (1. sg. -naye-

) to lead towards or near ; to bring, carry to a place (accusative or locative case) ; to fetch

etc. ; (perf. periphr. -nayāmāsa-

) to cause to bring or fetch ; to bring back or take back

; to pour in, mix in

etc. ; to bring any one to, reduce to any state

; to deduce, calculate ; to use, employ, prove: Causal P. -nāyayati-, to cause to be brought or fetched or led near

etc.: Desiderative -ninīṣati-, to intend or wish to bring near

anibhṛta

violent, intense, strong, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding

aniccha

mfn. not intending.

anikāmatas

([

]) or a-nik/āmam- ([

]) ind. involuntarily, unintentionally.

anilavyādhi

m. derangement of the (internal) wind.

aniruddha

m. Name of an arhat- (contemporary of śākyamuni-)

anirvṛta

mfn. discontented

anirvṛti

f. discontent.

aniśa

mfn. uninterrupted, incessant (only in compound)

aniyukta

mfn. not appointed, not authoritative

aniyukta

m. an assessor at a court who has not been formally appointed and is not entitled to vote.

añjana

n. fire

(In rhetoric) making clear the meaning of an equivocal expression, double entendre or pun, etc.

āñjanya

mfn. one whose eyes are to be anointed with ointment

aṅkaccheda

m. (in dramatic language) interruption (of the action) by the close of an Act,

aṅkita

mfn. numbered, counted, calculated.

aṅkya

mfn. fit or proper to be marked or counted

annabrahman

n. brahma- as represented by food.

annagandhi

m. dysentery, diarrhoea.

anta

m. border, outskirt (exempli gratia, 'for example' grāmānte-,in the outskirts of the village)

anta

mfn. near, handsome, agreeable

([ confer, compare Gothic andeis,Themeandja; German Ende; English end:with anta-are also compared the Greek , ; Latin ante; the Gothic andainanda-vaurd,etc.; and the German ent exempli gratia, 'for example' inentsagen]).

anta

antena- finally,

antaḥkaraṇa

n. the internal organ, the seat of thought and feeling, the mind, the thinking faculty, the heart, the conscience, the soul.

antaḥkośa

n. the interior of a store-room

antaḥkuṭila

mfn. internally crooked

antaḥparimārjana

n. an internal remedy,

antaḥpātin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') occurring in the interior of anything,

, Scholiast or Commentator

antaḥpātra

n. the interior of a vessel

antaḥprajña

mfn. internally wise, knowing one's self.

antaḥprakṛti

f. the heart, the soul, the internal nature or constitution of a man.

antaḥpratiṣṭhāna

n. residence in the interior.

antaḥpraveśa

m. entering within,

antaḥpurādhyakṣa

m. superintendent of the women's apartments, chamberlain.

antaḥpurarakṣaka

m. superintendent of the women's apartments, chamberlain.

antaḥpuravartin

m. superintendent of the women's apartments, chamberlain.

antaḥpurika

m. superintendent of the gynaeceum or harem

antaḥsadas

n. the interior of an assembly hall,

antaḥsaṃjña

mfn. internally conscious

antaḥśara

m. interior reed or cane

antaḥśara

m. an internal arrow or disease.

antaḥsāra

mfn. having internal essence

antaḥsāra

m. internal treasure, inner store or contents.

antaḥśarīra

n. the internal and spiritual part of man.

antaḥśleṣa

([

]) m. internal support.

antaḥśleṣaṇa

([

]) n. internal support.

antaḥsthā

f. interim, meantime

antaḥsukha

mfn. internally happy.

antaḥsuṣirin

mfn. hollow in the interior,

antaḥsveda

m. "sweating internally", an elephant

antar

ind. within, between, amongst, in the middle or interior. (As a preposition with locative case) in the middle, in, between, into; (with accusative) between; (with genitive case) in, in the middle. (ifc.) in, into, in the middle of, between, out of the midst of ([ confer, compare Zend $; Latin inter; Gothic undar]).

antar

is sometimes compounded with a following word like an adjective, meaning interior, internal, intermediate.

āntara

mfn. (fr. antara-), interior, internal, inward

antara

mf(ā-)n. being in the interior, interior

antara

n. the interior

antara

n. the interior part of a thing, the contents

antara

n. interval, intermediate space or time

antaracakra

n. the whole of the thirty-two intermediate regions of the compass

antarada

mfn. (3. dā-), cutting or hurting the interior or heart.

antaradiśā

([

]) f. an intermediate region or quarter of the compass (see antarā-diś-and antar-deś/a-.)

antarāgāra

m. the interior of a house

antaragni

m. the interior fire, digestive force

antarajña

mfn. knowing the interior, prudent, provident, foreseeing.

antarākāśa

m. intermediate place,

antarākāśa

m. the sacred ether or brahma- in the interior part or soul of man.

antarakośa

m. an interior case or sheath

antarākūṭa

n. hidden intention.

antarāla

n. intermediate space

antarālaka

n. ([

]) intermediate space

antaram

ind. in the interior, within ([ confer, compare Gothic anthar,Themeanthara; Lithuanian antra-s,"the second"; Latin alter]).

antaraṅga

mfn. interior, proximate, related, being essential to, or having reference to the essential part of the aṅga- or base of a word

antaraṅga

n. any interior part of the body

antarapūruṣa

m. the internal man, the soul

antarastha

mfn. interposed, internal, situated inside, inward

antarasthāyin

mfn. interposed, internal, situated inside, inward

antarasthita

mfn. interposed, internal, situated inside, inward

antaratama

mfn. immediate, intimate, internal

antaratas

ind. in the interior, within ([ confer, compare Gothic anthar,Themeanthara; Lithuanian antra-s,"the second"; Latin alter]).

antaratas

ind. internally, inside, within,

antarātmaka

mf(ī-)n. interior

antarātman

m. the internal feelings, the heart or mind

antarāya

m. intervention, obstacle.

āntarāyika

mfn. (fr. antar-āya-), returning at intervals, repeated from time to time.

antarbhauma

mfn. being in the interior of the earth, subterranean

antarbhava

mfn. being within, inward, internal, generated internally.

antarbhāva

m. the being included by (locative case), internal or inherent nature or disposition.

antarbhavana

n. the interior of a house.

antarbhūta

mfn. being within, internal, inner.

antardāha

m. internal heat, or fever.

antardaśā

f. (in astrology) intermediate period.

antardaśāha

n. an interval of ten days

antardeśa

m. an intermediate region of the compass

antardhi

m. interim, meantime

antarduṣṭa

mfn. internally bad, wicked, vile.

antargatagāmin

mfn. being in the interior, internal, hidden, secret

antargeha

n. interior of the house, inner apartment

antargeham

ind. in the interior of a house.

antargṛha

n. interior of the house, inner apartment

antargṛham

ind. in the interior of a house.

antari

-ayati- to come between

; (perf. -ayāṃ cakāra-) to conceal, cause to disappear

; -eti- to stand in any one's way, separate ; to exclude from (ablative,rarely genitive case) ; to pass over, omit ; to disappear: Intensive -īyate-, to walk to and fro between (as a mediator)

āntarikṣa

or āntarīkṣa- mf(ī-)n. (fr. antarikṣa-), belonging to the intermediate space between heaven and earth, atmospherical, proceeding from or produced in the atmosphere

antarikṣa

n. the intermediate space between heaven and earth

antarikṣaloka

m. the intermediate region or sky as a peculiar world

antarikṣodara

mfn. having an interior as comprehensive as the atmosphere.

antarindriya

n. (in vedānta- philosophy) an internal organ (of which there are four, viz. manas-, buddhi-, ahaṃkāra-,and citta-).

antarita

mfn. gone within, interior, hidden, concealed, screened, shielded

antarja

mfn. bred in the interior (of the body, as a worm).

antarjvalana

n. internal heat, inflammation.

antarmukha

n. the interior of the mouth,

antarniṣṭha

mfn. engaged in internal reflection.

antarupātī

( i-), -upātyeti- to enter over a threshold or boundary

antaruṣya

m. (5. vas-), an intermediate resting-place,

antarvaṃśika

m. superintendent of the women's apartments.

antarvartin

mfn. internal, included, dwelling in.

antarvas

to dwell inside, abide in the interior

; to stop in the midst of

(see antar-uṣya- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ant/ar-.)

antarvasat

mfn. internal, included, dwelling in.

antarvega

m. internal uneasiness or anxiety

antarveśman

n. the inner apartments, the interior of a building.

antarveśmika

m. superintendent of the women's apartments.

antarvigāhana

n. entering within

antarvṛtti

f. internal condition,

antarya

mfn. interior, (gaRa dig-ādi- q.v)

antaryāmin

m. "checking or regulating the internal feelings", the soul

antaśchid

to cut off, intercept

antastapta

mfn. internally heated or harassed.

antastuṣāra

mfn. having dew in the interior.

antastya

n. intestines

antāvasāyin

m. a cāṇḍāla-

etc. see ante-'vasāyin-

antavaśāyin

m. a cāṇḍāla-

etc. see ante-'vasāyin-

antavāsin

equals ante-vāsin- q.v

antevāsin

m. equals ante-'vasāyin- q.v

anti

ind. (with genitive case) within the proximity of, to ([ confer, compare Latin ante; Greek ]) .

antra

n. (contr. of antara-; Greek ) , entrail, intestine (confer, compare āntr/a-)

antrāda

m. worms in the intestines.

āntratantī

f. a string made from an animal's intestines, gut.

antrī

f. the plant Convolvolus Argenteus or Ipomoea Pes Caprae Roth.

antyajagamana

n. intercourse (between a woman of the higher caste) with a man of the lowest caste.

antyajāgamana

n. intercourse (between a man of the higher caste) with a woman of the lowest caste.

ānu

A1. (Aorist 3. plural /ānūṣata-

) to sound, roar towards or near ; (parasmE-pada -nuvāna-

) to cry ; to twitter (as birds): Intensive (/ā-navinot-

) to roar towards.

anubādh

Passive voice (p -bādhyamāna-) to be oppressed or tormented

anubandha

m. uninterrupted succession

anubandha

m. intention, design

anubhṛ

to support

; to insert, enter

anucar

to walk or move after or along ; to follow, pursue, seek after ; to follow out, adhere to, attend ; to behave: Caus. -cārayati-, to let or cause to traverse: Intensive p. -carcūry/amāṇa-, continuing following

anudatta

mfn. granted, remitted, given back

commentator or commentary

anudātta

mfn. having the one monotonous ordinary intonation which belongs to the generality of syllables in a sentence

anudhyāna

n. meditation, religious contemplation, solicitude.

anudhyāyin

mfn. contemplating, meditating

anugam

cl.1 P. -gacchati-, -gantum-, to go after, follow, seek, approach, visit, arrive ; to practise, observe, obey, imitate ; to enter into ; to die out, be extinguished: Causal -gamayati-, to imitate cause to die out.

anugaṇita

mfn. counted over.

anugaṇitin

mfn. one who has counted over, (gaRa iṣṭādi- q.v)

anuhve

to call again, call after, call back

: Intensive -johavīti-, to call repeatedly

anujalp

to follow in talking ; A1. -jalpate-, to entertain by conversation.

anujighṛkṣā

f. intention to include

anujñāta

mfn. assented to, permitted, allowed

anukrama

m. an index showing the successive contents of a book

anukramaṇī

f. a table or chapter of contents, index to a collection of Vedic hymns (giving the first word of each hymn, the number of verses, name and family of poets, names of deities and metres).

anukramaṇikā

f. a table or chapter of contents, index to a collection of Vedic hymns (giving the first word of each hymn, the number of verses, name and family of poets, names of deities and metres).

anulabh

to grasp or take hold of (from behind)

: Desiderative -lipsate-, to intend to grasp

anulagna

mfn. intent on, pursuing after.

anulepin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') smeared or anointed with,

anulip

P. to anoint, besmear ; A1. to anoint one's self after (bathing): Causal -lepayati-, to cause to be anointed.

anulipta

mfn. smeared, anointed.

anuliptāṅga

mfn. having the limbs anointed.

anumā

Intensive (imperfect tense amīmed /anu-) to roar or bleat towards

anumādya

(4, 5) mfn. to be praised in succession, to be granted with acclamation or praise

anumantavya

mfn. to be consented to or acknowledged,

anumata

mfn. approved, assented to, permitted, allowed, agreeable, pleasant

anumṛj

to rub lengthways for polishing or cleaning

etc. Intensive participle -m/armṛjāna-, stretching (the arms) repeatedly towards

anunu

Intensive (imperfect tense 3 plural -nonavur-; pr. p. Nominal verb plural m. -n/onuvatas-) to follow with acclamations of praise

anupad

to follow, attend, be fond of ; to enter ; to enter upon ; to notice, understand ; to handle.

anupada

n. a chorus, refrain, burden of a song or words sung again after regular intervals

anupamamati

m. Name of a contemporary of śākya-muni-.

anuparata

mfn. uninterrupted, not stopped.

anupeta

([

]) or anupeta-pūrva- ([

]), mfn. not yet entered at a teacher's (for instruction).

anuprapad

to enter or approach or arrive after ; to follow, act in conformance to.

anuprasad

to be content or satisfied with (accusative)

anuprasṛ

Causal (imperfect tense 3. plural -prāsārayanta-) to extend over

: Intensive participle -s/arsrāṇa-, moving along (accusative)

anupraveśanīya

mfn. connected with entering, (gaRa anupravacanādi- q.v)

anupraviś

to follow in entering, enter ; to attack.

anupraviśya

ind.p. having entered into.

anurādha

m. plural the seventeenth of the twenty-eight nakṣatra-s or lunar mansions (a constellation described as a line of oblations).

anurādhā

([

etc.]) f. the seventeenth of the twenty-eight nakṣatra-s or lunar mansions (a constellation described as a line of oblations).

ānuṣak

ind. (fr. anu-sañj-[ gaṇa- svarādi-]), in continuous order, uninterruptedly, one after the other

(see anuṣak-).

anusaṃsyand

Intensive (parasmE-pada Nominal verb m. /anu saṃ-s/aniṣyadat-) to run after

(see

)

ānuṣaṅgika

mf(ī-)n. (in grammar) elliptical, including or agreeing with words not comprised in the sentence.

anuśaya

m. (in philosophy) the consequence or result of an act (which clings to it and causes the soul after enjoying the temporary freedom from transmigration to enter other bodies)

anuśaya

m. ancient or intense enmity

anuṣidh

( sidh-), Intensive (parasmE-pada -s/eṣidhat-) to bring back along the path

anuśocita

mfn. regretted, repented of.

anuṣṭhā

( sthā-) to stand near or by ; to follow out ; to carry out, attend to ; to perform, do, practise ; to govern, rule, superintend ; to appoint: Passive voice -ṣṭhīyate-, to be done ; to be followed out: Desiderative -tiṣṭhāsati-, to be desirous of doing, etc.

anuṣṭhānaśarīra

n. (in sāṃkhya- philosophy) the body which is intermediate between the liṅga-- or sūkṣma-- and the sthūla-śarīra- (generally called the adhiṣṭhāna-śarīra- q.v)

ānuṣūka

mfn. (probably fr. anu-ṣūka-,"after-shoot of rice"[according to native interpretation from anu-sū-]),"in the manner of the after-shoot of rice" id est shot after

anusyūta

mfn. ( siv-), sewed consecutively, strung together or connected regularly and uninterruptedly.

anutiṣṭhāsu

mfn. intending to perform anything,

anuvākyā

f. the verse to be recited by the hotṛ- or maitrāvaruṇa- priest, in which the god is invoked to partake of the offering intended for him

anuvāsita

mfn. scented, perfumed, fumigated

anuvāsya

mfn. to be scented or fumigated

anuvāsyavāsanīya

mfn. to be scented or fumigated

anuvedha

m. blending, intermixture.

anuveśa

m. entering after, following.

anuveśaveśana

n. entering after, following.

anuviddha

mfn. intermixed, full of, abounding in

anuvihan

to interrupt, derange

anuvikāś

Intensive -cākaśīti-, to penetrate with one's vision

anuviś

to enter after ; to enter ; to follow.

anuvṛt

A1. to go after ; to follow, pursue ; to follow from a previous rule, be supplied from a previous sentence ; to attend ; to obey, respect, imitate ; to resemble ; to assent ; to expect ; Causal P. -vartayati-, to roll after or forward ; to follow up, carry out ; to supply.

anuvyādha

m. blending, intermixture.

anuvyave

( i-) cl.2 P. -avaiti-, to follow in intervening or coming between

anuyuj

to join again

; to question, examine ; to order ; to enjoin: Causal -yojayati-, to place upon ; to add

: Desiderative -yuyukṣati-, to intend to question

aṇva

n. fine interstice or hole in the strainer used for the soma- juice

anvabhiṣic

( sic-) A1. -siñcate- to have one's self anointed by another (with accusative)

anvādeśa

m. mentioning after, a repeated mention, referring to what has been stated previously, re-employment of the same word in a subsequent part of a sentence, the employment again of the same thing to perform a subsequent operation.

anvādheya

n. property presented after marriage to the wife by her husband's family

anvādheyaādheyaka

n. property presented after marriage to the wife by her husband's family

anvāgam

to follow, come after

etc.: Desiderative -jigāṃsati-, to wish or intend to follow

anvāhārya

m. a gift, consisting of food prepared with rice, presented to the ṛtvij- priest at the darśapūrṇamāsa- ceremonies

etc.

anvānu

Intensive -n/onavīti-, to sound through

anvartha

mf(ā-)n. having the meaning obvious, intelligible, clear.

anvarthasaṃjñā

f. a term whose meaning is intelligible in itself (opposed to such technical terms as bha-, ghu-,etc.)

anvasta

mfn. interwoven (as in silk), chequered

anvavacar

to insinuate one's self into, enter stealthily

anvavakram

to descend or enter in succession

anvavaruh

to ascend or enter upon after another

anvāviś

to enter, occupy, possess ; to follow, act according to

anvāvṛt

to roll near or along

; to revolve or move after, follow

etc.: Intensive -varīvartti- (imperfect tense 3. pl. /anv /āvarīvuḥ-for vṛtuḥ-), to drive or move after or along

anvaya

m. the natural order or connection of words in a sentence, syntax, construing

anvitārtha

mfn. having a clear meaning understood from the context, perspicuous.

anyakāra

mfn. intent on other business,

anyakriya

mfn. intent on other business,

anyāsakta

mfn. intent on something else.

anyasaṃgama

m. intercourse with another, adulterous intercourse.

anyāya

mfn. having intercourse with another's wife,

anyonya

mfn. anyo-'nya- (said to be fr. anyas- Nominal verb singular m.and anya-; see paraspara-;in most cases the first anya-may be regarded as the subject of the sentence, while the latter assumes the accusative,inst. genitive case,or locative case cases as required by the verb;but there are many instances in which the first anya-,originally a nominative, is equivalent to an oblique case); mfn. one another, mutual

anyonyadarśana

n. an interview, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding

f. air, the intermediate region

āp

cl.5 P. āpn/oti- ([

,etc.]), (perf. āpa- Aorist āpat- future āpsyati- infinitive mood āptum-) A1. (perf. 3. plural āpir/e-

, parasmE-pada perfect tense āpān/a-

,but also present tense parasmE-pada /āpnāna-

) to reach, overtake, meet with, fall upon

etc. ; to obtain, gain, take possession of

etc.

etc. ; to undergo, suffer

; to fall, come to any one ; to enter, pervade, occupy ; to equal: Passive voice āpyate-, to be reached or found or met with or obtained ; to arrive at one's aim or end, become filled

etc.: Causal P. āpayati-, to cause to reach or obtain or gain

etc. ; to cause any one to suffer ; to hit

: Desiderative P. and A1. īpsati- and īpsate- ([

]) to strive to reach or obtain

etc.: Desiderative of the Causal āpipayiṣati-, to strive to reach

; ([probably connected with 1. ap-; confer, compare apna-; Greek , ; Latin apiscor, aptus-, ops-; Old German uoban; modern German üben.])

apabhaya

mf(ā-)n. fearless, undaunted.

āpad

A1. -padyate- (perfect tense -pede- Aorist āpādi-,etc.) to come, walk near, approach

; to enter, get in, arrive at, go into

etc. ; to fall in or into ; to be changed into, be reduced to any state ; to get into trouble, fall into misfortune

;

etc. ; to get, attain, take possession ; to happen, occur

etc.: Causal -pādayati- (Aorist 1. plural /ā-pīpadāma-

) to cause to enter, bring on

; to bring to any state

; to bring into trouble or misfortune

etc. ; to bring near or towards, fetch, procure, produce, cause, effect

etc. ; to procure for one's self, obtain, take possession

; to change, transform.

āpad

f. (āpadā- instrumental case), through mistake or error, unintentionally.

apadiśam

ind. in an intermediate region (of the compass), half a point

apadṝ

Intens.p. apa-d/ardrat- mfn. tearing open

apagṝ

Intens.part. -j/argurāṇa- (mfn.) (

and

) devouring

apagur

to reject, disapprove, threaten

; to inveigh against any one: Intensive participle apa-j/argurāṇa- (See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order apa--2. gṝ-).

apahan

(subjunctive 3. sg. -han-;Imper. 2. sg. -jah/i-,2. dual number -hatam-;2. plural -hat/ā-,or -hata-; perf. -jagh/āna-; pr. p. -ghn/at-; Intensive p. Nominal verb m. -j/aṅghanat-) to beat off, ward off, repel, destroy

apahelā

f. contempt

apākṝ

to throw any one off ; to abandon, to contemn.

apakram

to go away, retreat, retire from

; to glide away ; to measure off by steps

: Causal -kramayati-, to cause to run away

: Desiderative -cikramiṣati-, to intend to run away or escape (with ablative)

apakṛṣ

cl.1 P. -karṣati-, to draw off or aside, drag down, carry away, take away, remove ; to omit, diminish ; to put away ; to anticipate a word etc. which occurs later (in a sentence) ; to bend (a bow) ; to detract, debase, dishonour: Causal -karṣayati-, to remove, diminish, detract.

apamāna

m. (or n.), ( man-), disrespect, contempt, disgrace.

apamṛṣita

unintelligible (as a speech)

āpaṇavedikā

f. a shop-counter

āpanna

mfn. entered, got in

etc.

apānud

(the ā-of apā-always in the antepenultimate of a śloka-, therefore apā-metrically for apa-See apa-nud-), to remove, repel, repudiate

apara

mf(ā-)n. distant, opposite. Sometimes apara- is used as a conjunction to connect words or sentences exempli gratia, 'for example' aparaṃ-ca-, moreover

aparahaimana

mfn. belonging to the latter half of the winter season

aparahemanta

m. n. the latter part of winter.

aparava

m. contest, dispute

aparicchinna

mfn. without interval or division, uninterrupted, continuous

aparicita

mfn. unacquainted with, unknown to.

aparitoṣa

mfn. unsatisfied, discontented

aparivargam

ind. without leaving out, uninterruptedly, completely

aparudh

to expel, drive out (from possession or dominion)

etc.: Desiderative Passive voice p. apa-rurutsyamāna-, wished or intended to be expelled

apāsṛ

(apa-ā--;or apā-for apa-,the ā-standing in the antepenultimate of a śloka-), to turn off from, avoid (with ablative)

apāsta

mfn. contemned.

apaśuc

Intens.p. -ś/ośucat- (mfn.) driving off by flames

āpatti

f. entering into a state or condition, entering into relationship with, changing into

etc.

apavāda

m. a peculiar noise made by hunters to entice deer

apāvṛtta

mfn. (for apa--,the vowel being metrically lengthened in the antepenultimate of a śloka-), (with ablative) turned away from

aphalakāṅkṣin

mfn. disinterested, not looking to beneficial consequences.

āphaṇ

Intensive -p/anīphaṇat- (

) to skip, jump

api

na vāpi- or na apivā- or na nacāpi-, neither, nor, cāpi-, (and at the beginning of a sentence) api-ca-, moreover.

api

may be affixed to an interrogative to make it indefinite, exempli gratia, 'for example' ko 'pi-, any one

api

may be interrogative at the beginning of a sentence.

apī

( i-), (Ved.) /apy-eti- to go in or near ; to enter into or upon ; to come near, approach (also in copulation

ind.p. ap/ītyā-) ; to partake, have a share in ; to join to pour out (as a river).

āpi

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' reaching to, entering.

apidraṣṭṛ

m. a superintendent,

, Scholiast or Commentator

apigā

Ved. to enter, get into, mingle with

apigam

Ved.to go into, enter, approach, join, [aor. subjunctive 3. plural /apigman-

]

etc. ; to approach a woman

apipad

to go in, enter

apīta

mfn. gone into, entered

(used for the etymology of svapiti-)

(see svāpyayā-.)

apīti

f. entering into

, dissolving, dissolution

apivat

(optative cl.1. plural -vatema-; pr. p. -v/atat-) to understand, comprehend

: Caus. (Imper. 2. sg. -vātaya-; pr.p. -vāt/ayat-; Aorist 3. plural avīvatan-

) to cause to understand, make intelligible to (with or without dative case)

; (1. plural -vātayāmasi-) to excite, awaken

apivatī

(scilicet vāc-) f. of a conjecturable adjective (cf. mfn.) /apivatya-, intelligible

(["containing the word api-or what is meant by api-"commentator or commentary and

])

apiyat

mfn. entering the other world, dying

apnavāna

m. Name of a ṛṣi- (appointed with the bhṛgu-s)

apramādam

ind. without interruption

apratihata

mfn. uninterrupted, unobstructed, irresistible

apratirava

mfn. uncontested, undisputed.

apratisaṃkrama

mfn. having no intermixture.

apratiśāsana

mfn. not subject to the orders of another, not giving a counter or rival order, completely under subjection.

apratyākhyāta

mfn. uncontradicted, unrefuted, assented to.

apratyṛta

mfn. (equals an-arv/a-), not encountering any resistance in (locative case)

aprayata

mfn. not intent (on devotion), not prepared (in mind) for any important action or performance

aprayujyamāna

not being borrowed (on interest),

āpta

mfn. intimate, related, acquainted

etc.

āpta

mfn. appointed

āpta

m. a fit person, a credible or authoritative person, warranter, guarantee

āptavākya

n. a correct sentence.

āpti

f. sexual intercourse

apūrva

mf(ā-)n. unpreceded, unprecedented

apuṣpaphala

m. "bearing fruits without flowering","having neither flowers nor fruits", the jack tree, Artocarpus Integrifolia, the glomerous fig tree.

apuṣpaphalada

m. "bearing fruits without flowering","having neither flowers nor fruits", the jack tree, Artocarpus Integrifolia, the glomerous fig tree.

apyaya

m. pouring out (of a river)

, entering into, vanishing (the contrary of prabhava-or utpatti-)

(see svāpyay/a-.)

ara

m. Name of an ocean in brahmā-'s world (only for a mystical interpretation of araṇya-)

ārabh

P. (only perfect tense 1. plural -rarabhm/ā-

) A1. -rabhate- (pf -rebhe-,etc.;Inf. -r/abham-and -r/abhe-

) to lay or take hold of, keep fast, cling to

etc. ; to gain a footing ; to enter, reach, attain

; to undertake, commence, begin

etc. ; to make, produce ; to form, compose

etc.: Intensive (perfect tense /ā-r/arabhe-) to cling to

ārabhaṭa

m. an enterprising man, courageous man

arāla

mfn. (see ar/a-,fr. ṛ-; Intensive for arāra-?), crooked, curved

(an-- negative"straight") , etc.

ārambha

m. (in dramatic language) the commencement of the action which awakens an interest in the progress of the principal plot

ārambharuci

mfn. enterprising

ārambharucitā

f. spirit of enterprise

ārambhin

mfn. enterprising, one who makes many new projects

arāntara

n. plural the intervals of the spokes.

araṇyarakṣaka

m. forest-keeper, superintendent of a forest district

arapacana

m. a mystical collective Name of the five buddha-s (each being represented by a letter).

arasajña

mfn. having no taste for, not taking interest in

arati

f. dissatisfaction, discontent, dulness, languor

etc.

arati

mfn. discontented

arāti

f. particular evil spirits (who frustrate the good intentions and disturb the happiness of man)

arāti

m. (in arithmetic) the number six (there being six sins or internal enemies see ṣaḍ-varga-).

arātiya

Nom. P. (subjunctive tsy/āt-) to be malevolent, have hostile intentions against (dative case)

aratni

mfn. "disgusted, discontented" ([

])

ardhalikhita

mfn. half painted

ardhapulāyita

n. a half-gallop, canter.

ardhavṛddhi

f. the half of the interest or rent

ardhokti

f. "half-speech", speaking incompletely, broken or interrupted speech.

ardita

mfn. injured, pained, afflicted, tormented, wounded

etc.

are

ind. interjection of calling

(see arare-, arere-,and re-).

arere

ind. (probably are 're-,repetition of are-, q.v), interjection of calling to inferiors or of calling angrily

arh

cl.1 P. /arhati-, rarely A1. arhate- ([

]), (parasmE-pada /arkat-[see below]; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood arh/ase-[

]; perf. 3. plural ānarhuḥ-

,but Vedic or Veda ānṛhuḥ-[ confer, compare ānṛc/uḥ-, arc-]

) to deserve, merit, be worthy of, to have a claim to, be entitled to (accusative), to be allowed to do anything (infinitive mood) ; to be obliged or required to do anything (accusative) ; to be worth, counterbalance, to be able ; (arhase-,2. sg. with an infinitive mood is often used as a softened form of Imper.; exempli gratia, 'for example' dātum arhasi-,"be pleased to give"; śrotum arhasi-,"deign to listen", for śṛṇu-): Causal (optative arhayet-

; Aorist, ārjihat-

) to honour. Desiderative arjihiṣati- ([ confer, compare Greek ]) .

āripsu

mfn. (fr. Desiderative), intending to undertake

arjunaka

m. Name of a hunter

arka

m. the plant Calotropis Gigantea (the larger leaves are used for sacrificial ceremonies; see arka-kośī-, -parṇ/a-, palaś/a-,etc. below)

etc., a religious ceremony

(see arkāśvamedha-below)

ārka

mfn. coming from the plant Calotropis Gigantea

arkadugdha

n. the milk of Calotropis Gigantea,

āroḍhavya

mfn. to be ascended or mounted

āroka

m. an interstice (as between the teeth etc.)

āropaṇīya

mfn. to be planted

āropita

mfn. interposed, supplied

āropya

mfn. to be planted

āropya

mfn. to be attributed, interposed, supplied

arpita

mfn. (said of a document or of a sketch) transferred to (a plate or portrait id est,"engraved"or"painted")

ārśa

mfn. (fr. ṛśya-), belonging to the antelope

arthabandha

m. "binding the sense together", a word or sentence

arthabhraṃśa

m. failing of an aim or of an intention.

arthakṛta

mfn. made only with regard to utility, interested (as friendship)

arthapadavī

f. the path of advantage (vīṃ- gam-,"to be intent on one's advantage"),

arthapara

mfn. intent on gaining wealth, niggardly

arthasambandhin

mfn. concerned or interested in an affair

arthasambhava

mfn. (a meaning) derived from the (mere) object of thought (without regard to the sense or context of the phrase),

arthasaṃsambandha

m. connection of the sense with the word or sentence (see -bandha-above)

arthatantra

mfn. subject to id est acting according to one's interest

arthya

mf(ā- )n. intelligent, wise

āru

P. -rauti- or -ravīti- (imperative /ā-ruva-

) to shout or cry towards ; to cry out

; to praise

: Intensive -roravīti-, to roar towards or against

ārūḍha

mfn. mounted, ascended, bestridden (as a horse etc.)

āruhya

ind.p. having mounted or ascended.

āryādhiṣṭhita

mfn. being under the superintendence of men of the first three castes

āryahalam

ind. an interjection ("murder!"

), gaRa svar-ādi-

āryāṣṭāṅgamārga

m. (pāli- ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo-) "the holy eightfold path"pointed out by buddha- for escape from the misery of existence: 1. right views, 2. right thoughts, 3. right words, 4. right actions, 5. right living, 6. right exertion, 7. right recollection, 8. right meditation.

aś

(in classical Sanskrit only) A1. aśnute- (Aorist 3. plural āśiṣata-

; perf. ānaśe-

Vedic forms are: aśnoti-,etc.; subjunctive aśnavat-,etc.; Aorist P. ānaṭ- (2. & 3. sg.,frequently in

)and A1. aṣṭa-or /āṣṭa-,3. plural āśata-(frequently in

)or /ākṣiṣur-[

] subjunctive /akṣat-[

] Potential 1. plural aśema- preceding aśyās-(2. & 3. sg.) etc. Potential A1.1. sg. aśīya-and plural aśīmahi-, Imper. aṣṭu-[

]; perf. ānaṃśa-(thrice in

)or ānāśa-[

] or āśa-[

] , 2. plural ānaś/a-3. plural ānaś/uh-(frequently in

)or āśuh-[

] A1. ānaś/o- subjunctive 1. plural a anaśāmahai-[

] Potential 1. sg. ānasyām-, parasmE-pada ānaśān/a-[

];Inf. aṣṭave-

) to reach, come to, reach, come to, arrive at, get, gain, obtain

etc. ; (said of an evil, aṃhati-, /aṃhas-, gr/āhi-) to visit

; to master, become master of.

; to offer

; to enjoy

; to pervade, penetrate, fill

; to accumulate

: Desiderative aśiśiṣate-

Intensive aśāśyate-

aś

aśn/āti- (Potential aśnīyāt-; parasmE-pada aśn/at-(See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. aśna-); Aorist subjunctive aśīt-

; future parasmE-pada aśiṣy/at-

, perf. /āsa-

; perf. p. āśivas-See /an-āśvas- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order /an-āsaka-; Pass.p. aśy/amāna-

) to eat, consume (with accusative [this only in classical Sanskrit] or genitive case)

etc. ; to enjoy

: Causal āśayati- (

; Aorist āśiśat-

) to cause to eat, feed

; (with double accusative; see

)

; (see /āśita-): Desiderative /aśiśiṣāti- (

) to wish to eat

: Intensive aśāśyate-

cl.2 P. /asti- (2. sg. /asi-,1. sg. /asmi-; plural sm/asi-or sm/as-, sth/a-, s/anti-;(rarely A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' 1.pl. smahe-

); subjunctive /asat-;Imper. astu-,2. sg. edhi-(fr. as-dhi- confer, compare

); Potential sy/āt-; imperfect tense /āsīt-,rarely ās-[only in

; confer, compare

]; perf. 1. and 3.sg, /āsa-,2. sg. /āsitha-,3. plural ās/uḥ-; parasmE-pada m. s/at- f. sat/ī-) to be, live, exist, be present ; to take place, happen ; to abide, dwell, stay ; to belong to (genitive case or dative case) ; to fall to the share of. happen to any one (genitive case) ; to be equal to (dative case)

; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative case) ; to become

etc., (confer, compare

) ; to be (id est used as copula, but not only with adjective (cf. mfn.),but also with adverb [ exempli gratia, 'for example' tūṣṇīm āsīt-

],and often with participle,[ exempli gratia, 'for example' perf. Passive voice parasmE-pada prasthitāḥ sma-

; future past participle hantavyo 'smi-

; fut.p. especially with Potential,and only in

y/adi dāsy/an-t-sy/āt-,"if he should intend to give"];the perfect tense āsa-helps to form the periphrastic perf. , and asmi-etc. the future); ([ confer, compare Greek Latin es-t; Gothic is-t; Lithuanian es-ti.])

ās

ind. (an interjection implying joy, anger, menace, pain, affliction, recollection) Ah! Oh! etc.

ās

cl.2 A1. /āste- (and /āsate-

; imperative 2. sg. ās-sva-, āsva-,and āsasva-;2. plural ādhvam-; parasmE-pada āsān/a-, āsat-[

],and āsīna-[see below]; āsāṃ-cakre-[

]; āsiṣyate-; āsiṣṭa-; āsitum-) to sit, sit down, rest, lie

etc. ; to be present ; to exist ; to inhabit, dwell in ; to make one's abode in

etc. ; to sit quietly, abide, remain, continue

etc. ; to cease, have an end

etc. ; to solemnize, celebrate ; to do anything without interruption ; to continue doing anything ; to continue in any situation ; to last ; (it is used in the sense of"continuing" , with a participle, adjective (cf. mfn.),or substantive exempli gratia, 'for example' etat sāma gāyann āste-,"he continues singing this verse";with an indeclinable participle in tvā-, ya-,or am- exempli gratia, 'for example' upa-rudhya arim āsīta-,"he should continue blockading the foe";with an adverb exempli gratia, 'for example' tūṣṇīm āste-,"he continues quiet"; sukham āsva-,"continue well";with an inst. case exempli gratia, 'for example' sukhenāste-,"he continues well";with a dative case case exempli gratia, 'for example' āstāṃ tuṣṭaye-,"may it be to your satisfaction") : Causal āsayati-, to cause any one to sit down commentator or commentary on

: Desiderative A1. āsisiṣate-

; ([ confer, compare Greek , ()-, -: Latin a7sachanged toA7ra;A7-nusforA7s-nus.])

āsad

P. -sīdati- (Ved. also -sadati-; infinitive mood -s/adam-and -s/ade-

; perfect tense -sasāda-; future -satsyati-) A1. (Ved. Aorist 1. sg. -satsi-and 3. sg. -sādi-) to sit, sit down, sit near

; to preside over

; to lie in wait for

; to go to, go towards, approach ; to meet with, reach, find ; to encounter, attack ; to commence, undertake

etc.: Causal -sādayati-, to cause to sit down ; to set down, put down, place

etc. ; to cause, effect

; to approach, meet with, find, reach, obtain

asāda

mfn. not mounted on horseback

āsādayitavya

mfn. to be attacked or encountered

asādhu

ind. (used as an interjection of disapproval) bad! shame!

asakta

mfn. not stopped or intercepted by or at (locative case;said of arrows and of a sword)

asakta

mfn. uninterruptedly

āsakta

mfn. attached strongly to, intent on

āsaktacetas

mfn. having the mind deeply engaged in or fixed upon (any object), intent on, devoted to, absorbed in.

āsaktacitta

mfn. having the mind deeply engaged in or fixed upon (any object), intent on, devoted to, absorbed in.

āsaktamanas

mfn. having the mind deeply engaged in or fixed upon (any object), intent on, devoted to, absorbed in.

āsakti

ind. uninterruptedly, wholly, throughout

asāman

mfn. not acquainted with the sāma-veda-

asamartha

mf(ā-)n. not having the intended meaning

asaṃbādha

mf(ā-)n. "not crowded", scarcely frequented

asaṃbhava

m. non-happening, cessation, interruption

asaṃcara

m. not a passage which is frequented or accessible

asaṃdarśana

n. not seeing (id est absence of intercourse with) people,

asaṃkhyāta

mfn. uncounted, innumerable

asaṃkrānta

m. an intercalary month

asaṃsṛṣṭa

mfn. having no connection with, unacquainted

asaṃstava

mfn. unknown, unacquainted, not on terms of friendship

(varia lectio)

asaṃtata

mfn. interrupted

asaṃtoṣavat

mfn. discontented

asaṃtuṣṭa

mfn. discontented, displeased

asaṃtyāga

m. not giving up or renouncing (intercourse with; genitive case)

asaṃvijñāna

n. unintelligible

asaṃvyavahārya

mfn. with whom intercourse is forbidden

asaṃvyavahitam

ind. with out interval, immediately

asaṃyat

mfn. ( i-),"not entering (into)", i.e. not pleasing (to one's mind)

asaṃyoga

mfn. one with whom intercourse is forbidden

asaṅga

mfn. having no attachment or inclination for or interest in

āsaṅga

mfn. uninterrupted

āsaṅgam

ind. uninterruptedly

asanmati

f. "no intention" accusative tim- with 1. kṛ-, not to care for (locative case)

aśarīra

n. (in rhetoric) absence of the verb in a sentence.

asat

m. plural (ntas-) bad or contemptible men

āsatti

f. uninterrupted sequence (of words equals saṃ-nidhi- q.v), continual succession

etc.

āśāvibhinna

mfn. disappointed in expectation.

āśaya

m. thought, meaning, intention

āśaya

m. Name of the plant Artocarpus Integrifolia

āśayatas

ind. with intent,

āsev

(rarely P.) A1. -sevati-, -te-, to frequent ; to abide in, inhabit, dwell on

; to attend to, serve ; to honour ; to take the part of, side with

etc. ; to enjoy (sexual intercourse) ; to indulge in, like ; to perform assiduously, practise

āsevita

mfn. frequented

āsevya

mfn. to be frequented or visited,

asidaṃṣṭra

m. "having swords for fangs", the marine monster makara- (painted on the banner of kāmadeva-)

asidaṃṣṭraka

m. "having swords for fangs", the marine monster makara- (painted on the banner of kāmadeva-)

asiddhānta

m. not an incontestable dogma

asiddhi

f. (in logic) want of proof, conclusion not warranted by the premises

aśimividviṣ

mfn. (śimikarman- commentator or commentary), not unfavourable to or counteracting the labours of men (Name of the seven parjanya-s or rain-clouds)

(quoted by

) .

askhalita

mfn. uninterrupted, unimpeded, undisturbed

aśnītapibatīya

Nom. P. yati-, to have the intention of inviting to eat and drink

aśocanīya

mfn. not to be lamented

aśocyatā

f. the state of being not to be lamented

aśokavanikānyāya

m. the rule of the grove of aśoka- trees (applied to cases in which a preference of any particular thing among many cannot be accounted for, just as rāvaṇa- kept sītā- in an aśoka- grove, but might equally well have kept her in a grove of other trees),

āsphota

m. (probably for ā-sphoṭa-above) , Name of several plants, viz. Calotropis Gigantea (

), Bahinia Variegata, Echites Dichotoma

āsphotaka

m. Calotropis Gigantea

āśraya

m. (with Buddhists) the five organs of sense with manas- or mind (the six together being the recipients of the āśrita-or objects which enter them by way of their ālambana-or qualities)

āśri

P. -śrayati-, to affix ; to apply anything

: A1. -śrayate-, to attach one's self to ; to join

etc. ; to adhere, rest on

; to betake one's self to, resort to ; to depend on ; to choose, prefer ; to be subject to, keep in mind ; to seek refuge in, enter, inhabit ; to refer or appeal to

āśrita

mfn. receiving anything as an inherent or integral part

etc.

aṣṭaka

mf(ā-or ikā-)n. one who is acquainted with the eight books of pāṇini-'s grammar

aṣṭamadeśa

m. intermediate region (= antarā-- diś-),

āstaraṇa

n. an elephant's housings, a painted cloth or blanket worn on his back.

aṣṭātriṃśa

mfn. "the thirty-eighth", with śat/a-, a hundred augmented by thirty-eight

astobha

mfn. without the interjection of the sound called stobha- (in the sāman-)

astṛ

mfn. (future p.) one who is about or intends to throw

astrabandha

m. an uninterrupted series of arrows

astrīsambhogin

mfn. not enjoying women (by sexual intercourse) commentator or commentary on

asūya

Nom. P. yati-, rarely A1. yate- (pr. p. y/at-

; Aorist āsūyīt-

;3. plural asūyiṣuḥ-

) to murmur at, be displeased or discontented with (dative case [

] or accusative [

etc.]) : Causal (ind.p. asūyayitvā-) to cause to be displeased, irritate

(

)

asūyaka

mfn. (

) discontented, displeased, envious, calumnious

aśvadāya

mfn. intending to present with a horse,

asvādhyāya

m. interruption or interval of repetition (prohibited on certain days of the moon, at eclipses, etc.)

asvārtha

mfn. unselfish, disinterested

aśvāruḍha

mfn. mounted, sitting on horseback

aśvattha

mfn. "relating to the nakṣatra- aśvattha-", (with muhūrta-) the moment in which the moon enters that nakṣatra-

aśvin

mfn. mounted on horseback

āt

ind. then, further, also, and

It is sometimes used after an interrogative pronoun (like u-, n/u-, aṅg/a-) to give emphasis to the pronoun

aṭ

cl.1 P. A1. aṭati-, te-, āṭa-, aṭiṣyati-, āṭīt-, aṭitum-, to roam, wander about (sometimes with accusative;frequently used of religious mendicants): Intensive aṭāṭyate-, to roam or wander about zealously or habitually, especially as a religious mendicant: Desiderative aṭiṭiṣati-, to be desirous of roaming.

aṭāya

Nom. A1. aṭāyate-, to enter upon a roaming life, to become a religious mendicant

atharvan

m. Name of the priest who is said to have been the first to institute the worship of fire and offer soma- and prayers (he is represented as a prajāpati-, as brahmā-'s eldest son, as the first learner and earliest teacher of the brahma-vidyā-, as the author of the atharva-veda-, as identical with aṅgiras-, as the father of agni-, etc.)

atharvan

mn. (ā-, a-) the fourth or atharva-- veda- (said to have been composed by atharvan-, and consisting chiefly of formulas and spells intended to counteract diseases and calamities)

ati

is often prefixed to nouns and adjectives, and rarely to verbs, in the sense excessive, extraordinary, Intensive

atī

( i-) cl.2 P. aty-eti-, -etum-, to pass by, elapse, pass over, overflow ; to pass on ; to get over ; (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /aty-etavai-), to pass through

; to defer ; to enter ; to overcome, overtake, outdo ; to pass by, neglect ; to overstep, violate ; to be redundant ; to die: Intensive atīyate-, to overcome.

atibhāra

m. an excessive burden, excessive obscurity (of a sentence)

atibhū

(perf. -babhūva-), to originate or take rise in an excessive way

; P. (once A1.

), to excel, surpass

etc.: Desiderative to intend to surpass

atibṛh

to push out intensely (scilicet retas-;used only for the etymology of vṛṣabha-)

atigāḍha

mfn. very intensive

atilomaśā

f. Convolvulus Argenteus.

atimaithuna

n. excess of sexual intercourse.

atimanuṣyabuddhi

mfn. having a superhuman intellect.

atinī

to lead over or beyond, to help a person over anything

etc. ; to allow to pass away: Intensive A1. -nenīy/ate-, to bring forward

atipracit

-cekite- (equals -cikite-

;= Intensive -cekitte-

), to be clearly distinct or distinguishable

atiprasṛ

Intensive -sarsṛte-, to outstrip, surpass

atipravṛt

to issue violently (as blood from a wound)

; to have an intense effect (as venom)

atirātra

m. the concluding Vedic verse chanted on such occasions

atisamparka

m. excessive (sexual) intercourse.

atisāra

m. purging, dysentery.

atīsāra

m. purging, dysentery.

atisārakin

mfn. afflicted with purging or dysentery.

atīsārakin

mfn. afflicted with purging or dysentery.

atisārin

mfn. afflicted with purging or dysentery.

atisārin

mfn. afflicted with purging or dysentery.

atiśītam

ind. past or beyond the cold, after the winter.

atithipati

(/atithi--) m. a host, entertainer of a guest

ativiṣa

mfn. exceedingly poisonous, counteracting poison

ātmagatyā

instrumental case ind. by one's own act (without the intervention of another)

ātmaja

m. "originating from intellect", the reasoning faculty

ātman

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') "the understanding, intellect, mind" See naṣṭātman-, mandā-

ātṝ

P. (imperfect tense /ātirat-,2. sg. ras-) to overcome

; (imperfect tense /ātirat-,2. sg. ras-,3. plural A1. ranta-) to increase, make prosperous, glorify

: Intensive A1. (3. plural -t/aruṣante-) to pass through or over

atṛdila

mfn. "having no interstices", solid

aṭṭ

cl.1 A1. aṭṭate-, ānaṭṭe-, aṭṭitum-, to exceed

; to kill

: cl.10 P. aṭṭayati-, to contemn

; to lessen, diminish

aṭṭālikākāra

m. a bricklayer (son of a painter and a lascivious śūdra- woman)

atuṣṭi

f. displeasure, discontent.

atyagniṣṭoma

m. the Vedic verse chanted at the close of that ceremony.

atyākara

m. (1. kṛ-), contempt, blame

atyantasamparka

m. excessive sexual intercourse.

ātyantika

mf(ī-)n. (fr. aty-anta-), continual, uninterrupted, infinite, endless

etc.

atyaṣṭi

f. a metre (of four lines, each containing seventeen syllables)

atyaṣṭi

f. the number seventeen.

atyatikram

to approach for sexual intercourse

atyūh

ūh-, -ohate-, to contemn

ind. an interjection

aulūkyadarśana

n. Name of the vaiśeṣika- system

(erroneously printed aulukya-d-).

aupadraṣṭrya

n. (fr. upadraṣṭṛ-), the state of being an eye-witness, super-intendence

aupapatya

n. (fr. upa-pati-), intercourse with a paramour, adultery

aupaveṣika

mfn. (fr. upa-veṣa- gaRa vetanādi-

), living by entertainment (?).

autkaṇṭhya

n. intensity

avabudh

budhyate- (future 3. plural -bhotsyante-

,rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' -budhyati-

;2. sg. -budhyasi-

) to become sensible or aware of, perceive, know Causal (imperfect tense -bodhayat-) to make one aware of, remind of

; to cause to know, inform, explain

etc.: Passive voice -budhyate-, to be learnt by (instrumental case)

avadāta

mfn. clear, intelligible

avadāvada

mfn. undisputed, uncontested

avadhāna

n. attention, attentiveness, intentness

, (see sāvadhana-.)

avadhṛ

Caus. -dhārayati- (ind.p. dhārya-; Passive voice -dhāryate-) to consider, ascertain, determine accurately, limit, restrict

etc., to hear, learn

; to conceive, understand, make out, become acquainted with

; to reflect upon, think of (accusative or a phrase with iti-),

(ind.p. PrakritodhAria)

etc. ; to communicate

: Passive voice -dhriyate-, to be ascertained, be certain commentator or commentary on

avagama

m. understanding, comprehension, intelligence

avagamya

mfn. intelligible.

avagaṇana

n. disregard, contempt

avagantavya

mfn. to be known or understood, intended to be understood, meant.

avagata

mfn. assented to, promised

avaghṛṣ

(ind.p. -ghṛṣya-;3. plural -ghṛṣyanti-for Passive voice ṣyante-) to rub off, rub to pieces

: Causal (parasmE-pada -gharṣayat-) to rub or scratch off

; to rub with

avagṝ

only A1. (

[ parasmE-pada -giramāṇa-

; Aorist avāgīrṣṭa-

],but P. subjunctive -garat-

) to swallow down: Intensive (subjunctive 2. sg. -jalgulas-) idem or 'n. embracing.'

avagraha

m. the mark or the interval of such a separation

avagrahāntara

n. (equals ava-graha-) the interval of the separation called avagraha-

avaguṇṭhana

n. a peculiar intertwining of the fingers in certain religious ceremonies

avahan

(subjunctive 2. sg. -han-

;Imper. 2. plural -hantanā-

Imper. 2. sg. -jahi-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. -/ahan-,or ahan-; perf. 2. sg. -jaghantha-) to throw down, strike, hit

; Ved. to drive away, expel, keep off, fend off

etc. ; chiefly Vedic or Veda to thresh

(parasmE-pada fem. -ghnatī-)

etc.: A1. -jighnate-, to throw down

: Causal (Pot -ghātayet-) to cause to thresh

: Intensive (Imper. 2. sg. -jaṅghanīhi-) to drive away, fend off

avahṛ

A1. -harate- (generally ind.p. -hṛtya-) to move down (as the arms), take down, put down or aside

; (P.Imper. 2. sg. -hara-)

P. -harati- to bring together, amass (?)

: Causal to cause to pay taxes

: Causal Passive voice (3 plural -hāryante-) to be caused to pay taxes

avajita

mfn. won by conquest

, contemned

avajñā

-jānāti- (ind.p. -jñaya-; perf. Passive voice -jajñle-

) to disesteem, have a low opinion of, despise, treat with contempt

etc. ; to excel

avajñā

f. contempt, disesteem, disrespect (with locative case or genitive case)

avajñāta

mfn. given (as alms) with contempt.

avajñeya

mfn. to be contemned, disesteemed

etc.

avajñopahata

mfn. treated with contempt, humiliated.

avakāś

-kāśate-, to be visible, be manifest

: Causal P. -kāśayati- (future parasmE-pada -kāśayiṣyat-) to cause to look at

: Intensive parasmE-pada -c/ākaśat- shining

; seeing

avakāśa

m. intermediate time

avalamb

-lambate- (ind.p. -lambya-,exceptionally P. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -lambet-

) to hang down, glide or slip down, descend

etc. ; (pr. p. P. -lambat-) to set (as the sun)

; to catch hold of. cling to, hang to, hold on or support one's self by, rest upon as a support, depend upon (generally accusative;but also locative case [

] or instrumental case [

]), to hold up anything (to prevent its falling down)

; to enter a state or condition (as māyām-, mānuṣyatvam-, dhairyam-,etc.) ; to devote one's self to (accusative)

; "to incline towards", choose as a direction

: Causal (ind.p. -lambya-) to hang up

; to grasp (for support)

avalih

P. -leḍhi- (imperfect tense avāleṭ-; Potential -lihet-[

]or -lihyāt-; ind.p. -lihya-; rarely A1. sg. -lihe-

) to lick, lap

etc.: Intensive (parasmE-pada -lelihat-) to flicker (as a flame)

avalopa

m. interruption

avaman

A1. (Potential -manyeta- Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. maṃsthāḥ-,2.pl. -madhvam-

; Epic also P. -manyati- future -maṃsyati-

) to despise, treat contemptuously

etc. ; to repudiate refuse

: Passive voice -manyate- to be treated contemptuously: Causal (Potential -mānayet-) to despise, treat contemptuously

avamāna

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).

) disrespect contempt

avamānin

mfn. contemning, despising (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

avamantavya

mfn. to be treated with disrespect, contemptible

avamata

mfn. despised, disregarded, contemned

avamati

f. version, dislike

, disregard, contempt

avanatamukha

mfn. with downcast countenance.

avāntara

mfn. intermediate

avāntaradeśa

m. a place situated in an intermediate region

avāntaradikṣa

mfn. performing an intermediate consecration

avāntaradikṣā

f. an intermediate consecration,

avāntaradiksrakti

mfn. (said of the vedi-) having its corners turned towards intermediate regions of the compass

avāntaradiś

f. an intermediate region of the compass

avanu

A1. (3. plural -navante-) to move towards (accusative)

āvāpa

m. hostile purpose, intention of going to war

etc.

avapātana

n. (in dramatical language) a scene during which a person enters the stage in terror but leaves it at the end in good humour

avāpita

mfn. ( vap-), not sown (as grain, dhānya-) but planted

avāptavat

mfn. entertaining (as a belief)

āvaraṇa

n. an obstruction, interruption

avarudh

P. (Aorist -rudhat-) to obstruct, enclose, contain

, (infinitive mood -roddhum-) to check, keep back, restrain

, to expel

; -ruṇaddhi-, to seclude, put aside, remove

; to shut in, (Aorist A1. avāruddha-and Passive voice avārodh-)

; to keep anything (accusative,as one's grief) locked up (in one's bosom accusative)

; (ind.p. -rudhya-) to keep one's self (ātmānam-) wrapped up in one's self (ātmani-)

; (imperfect tense avāruṇat-) to confine within, besiege

: A1. -rundhe- (for nddhe-

; imperfect tense avārundha-

; ind.p. -r/udhya-

; Ved. infinitive mood -r/udham-

and -rudham-

) chiefly Ved. to reach, obtain, gain: P. (parasmE-pada f. -rundhatī-; see anurudh-) to be attached to, like

: Desid.A. -rurutsate-, Vedic or Veda to wish to obtain or gain

etc.: Intens.P. (subjunctive 2. sg. -rorudhas-) to expel from (the dominion)

avarūḍha

mfn. descended, dismounted, alighted.

āvas

P. -vasati-, to abide, dwell ; to spend (time)

; to enter, inhabit ; to take possession of

etc. ; to sleep with

: Causal -vāsayati-, to cause or allow any one to dwell or abide ; to receive hospitably

; to inhabit, settle in a place

avasāyin

mfn. "taking up one's abode, settling" See antāv- and and ante-'v-, yatra-kāmāv-.

avaśī

A1. (3. pl. śīyante-;Imper. -śīyatam-) to fall or drop off

avasthā

P. -tiṣṭhati- (imperfect tense -atiṣṭhat-; Aorist subjunctive -sthāt-; perf. A1.3. sg. -tasthe-; perf. p. P. -tasthiv/as-) to go down into (accusative), reach down to (accusative)

; (Aorist subjunctive 2. plural -sthāta-), to go away from (ablative)

; (Aorist subjunctive 1. sg. -sthām-) to be separated from or deprived of (ablative)

: A1. (

;rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example'

etc.) to take one's stand, remain standing

etc. ; to stay, abide, stop at any place (locative case)

etc. ; to abide in a state or condition (instrumental case)

etc. ; (with ind.p.) to remain or continue (doing anything)

, etc. ; to be found, exist, be present

; (perf. 1. sg. -tasthe-) to fall to, fall into the possession of (dative case)

; to enter, be absorbed in in (locative case)

; to penetrate (as sound or as fame)

: Passive voice -sthīyate-, to be settled or fixed or chosen

: Causal (generally ind.p. -sthāpya-) to cause to stand or stop (as a carriage or an army etc.), let behind

etc. ; to place upon (locative case), fix, set, array

etc. ; to cause to enter or be absorbed in (locative case)

; to render solid or firm

; to establish (by arguments) commentator or commentary on

: Passive voice Causal -sthāpyate-, to be kept firm ["to be separated"

]

avatitīrṣu

mfn. intending to descend

avavraśc

(Imper. 2. sg. -vriśc/ā-; imperfect tense -avṛścat-) to splinter, cut off

avavraśca

m. splinter chip

ave

( i-), -eti- (imperfect tense -ayat-; Potential 1. sg. iyām-; pr. p. f. avā-yati-

) to go down, go down to (accusative), go to

; (Imper. 3. plural A1. āyantām-) to rush down

(see āvai-) ; (Imper. /avaitu-) to go away

; to look upon, consider

; to perceive, conceive, understand, learn, know

etc. ; (with infinitive mood)

: Intensive (plural -īmahe-) to beg pardon for, conciliate

āve

P. -vayati-, to weave on to ; to interweave, string ; to sew loosely

āvedita

mfn. made known, communicated, represented

commentator or commentary on

āvedyamāna

mfn. being made known, being stated or represented.

āveśa

m. entering, entrance, taking possession of

etc.

āveśa

m. absorption of the faculties in one wish or idea, intentness, devotedness to an object

āveśana

n. entering, entrance

āveśika

n. entering into

āvī

P. -v/eti- (but also -v/ayati-

; perfect tense -vivāya-,etc.) to undertake ; to hasten near, approach

; to grasp, seize

; to drive on or near

: Intensive (Potential 3. plural /ā-vavīran-

) to tremble, be agitated ; (for the noun āvī-See āvi-,and for āvī- f.See āvya-.)

aviccheda

m. uninterruptedness, continuity

etc.

avicchedāt

ind. ablative ([

]) , uninterruptedly.

avicchedena

ind. instrumental case ([Comm. on

]) or in compound aviccheda-- ([

]) , uninterruptedly.

avicchinna

mfn. uninterrupted, continual

avicetana

mfn. unintelligible

āviddha

mfn. disappointed

avidhā

ind. an interjection (said to correspond to the PrakritavihA,or aviha-,used in calling for help) commentator or commentary on

āvidvas

mfn. acquainted with, knowing thoroughly, skilled in

avighna

mfn. without obstacle, unimpeded, uninterrupted

avijñātagada

(/avijñāta--.) mf(ā-)n. speaking unintelligibly

avikliṣṭa

mfn. distinct, intelligible,

(Bombay edition) iv, 19, 10 (varia lectio).

avilopa

m. absence of break or interruption (in the saṃhitā-)

aviparyāsam

ind. so that there is no interchange

aviplava

mf(ā-)n. uninterrupted,

avirāmam

ind. uninterruptedly,

avirata

mfn. not desisting from (ablative)

, uninterrupted

aviratam

ind. uninterruptedly, continually

avirati

f. incontinence, intemperance

aviroddhṛ

mfn. not opposing or contending,

āviś

P. A1. -viśati-, -te- (infinitive mood ā-v/iśam-

) to go or drive in or towards ; to approach, enter ; to take possession of

etc. ; to sit down, settle

; to get or fall into ; to reach, obtain ; to become

etc.: Causal -veśayati-, to cause to enter or approach ; to cause to reach or obtain ; to deliver, offer, present ; to make known

avisargin

mfn. unintermittent (as a fever)

āviṣṭa

mfn. entered

etc.

āviṣṭa

mfn. intent on

aviśvāsā

f. a cow calving after long intervals

avitathābhisandhi

mfn. whose intentions are not futile id est successive

avivāhin

mfn. interdicted as to marriage, not to be married

avivakṣat

mfn. not intending to speak

avivakṣita

mfn. not intended to be stated or expressed

etc.

avivakṣitatva

n. the not being intended to be expressed

avraṇa

mf(ā-)n. (generally said of bows, swords, sticks etc.) without rents or splinters or notches, entire

avṛddhika

mfn. not bearing interest

āvṛt

P. (only perfect tense in

, -vav/arta-) A1. -vartate- (Aorist 3. sg. /āvṛtsata-

; infinitive mood -v/ṛte-

) to turn or draw round or back or near

; to turn or go towards ; to turn round or back, return, revolve

etc.: Causal P. -vartayati- (Ved. subjunctive -vav/artati- Potential -vavṛtyāt-,etc.) A1. -vartayate- (Ved. Potential -vavṛtīta-,etc.) to cause to turn, roll ; to draw or turn towards ; to lead near or towards ; to bring back ; to turn round or back

etc. ; to repeat, recite, say repeatedly ; to pray

etc.: Intensive -varīvartti-

, to move quickly or repeatedly.

āvṛt

f. turning towards or home, entering

āvṛtti

f. turning towards, entering, turning back or from, reversion, retreat, flight

avyāhata

mfn. not disappointed, not contradictory

avyākhyeya

mfn. inexplicable, unintelligible

āvyakta

mfn. quite clear or intelligible

avyapohya

mfn. undeniable, in contestable

avyatī

f. not desirous (of sexual intercourse),

avyatiṣakta

mfn. not intermingled

avyavaccheda

m. uninterruptedness

avyavacchinna

mfn. uninterrupted

and

(together with s/aṃtata-)

avyavacchinnam

ind. or in compound avyavaccihinna-- ([

]) uninterruptedly.

avyavadhāna

n. non-interruption, contiguity

avyavadhāna

mfn. uninterrupted

avyavahita

mfn. uninterrupted (as worship)

avyavāya

m. not entering between, non-separation

avyavāya

m. uninterrupted contiguity

avyucchinna

mfn. uninterrupted

āyā

P. -yāti-, to come near or towards ; to arrive, approach

etc. ; to reach, attain, enter

etc. ; to get or fall into any state or condition ; to be reduced to, become anything (with the accusative of an abstr. noun)

āyat

P. (2. dual number /ā-yatathas-) A1. (3. plural ā-yatante-) to arrive, enter ; to adhere, abide ; to attain to

; to rest on, depend on ; to be at the disposition of

etc. ; to make efforts

: Causal -yātayati-, to cause to arrive at or reach

āyatā

f. a particular interval (in music)

ayatheṣṭa

mfn. not according to wish, not intended

commentator or commentary

ayaugapadya

n. non-contemporaneous existence, unsimultaneousness

ayava

m. Name of one of the seven species of worms in the intestines

aye

ind. a vocative particle, an interjection (of surprise, recollection, fatigue, fear, passion, especially used in dramas, see ayi-).

ayoagra

(/ayo-.) mf(ā-)n. iron pointed

ayoga

m. medical treatment counter to the symptoms, non-application or mis-application of remedies

ayomukha

mfn. iron-pointed (as a plough[

] or a stake for impaling criminals[

])

āyu

A1. (/ā-yuvate-

; perfect tense -yuyuv/e-

; parasmE-pada -yuv/amāna-

-yuvāna-

) to draw or pull towards one's self ; to seize, take possession of

; to procure, provide, produce

; to stir up, agitate, mingle

and

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -y/oyuvāna-

) to meddle with.

āyukta

mfn. appointed, charged with

āyukta

m. (in dramatic language) an official appointed by a king,

āyuktā

f. a woman appointed as treasurer etc., ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding

āyurveda

m. the science of health or medicine (it is classed among sacred sciences, and considered as a supplement of the atharva-- veda-;it contains eight departments: 1. śalya- or (removal of) any substance which has entered the body (as extraction of darts, of splinters, etc.);2. śālākya- or cure of diseases of the eye or ear etc. by śalākā-s or sharp instruments;3. kāya-cikitsā- or cure of diseases affecting the whole body;4. bhūtavidyā- or treatment of mental diseases supposed to be produced by demoniacal influence;5. kaumāra-bhṛtya- or treatment of children;6. agada-tantra- or doctrine of antidotes;7. rāsāyana-tantra- or doctrine of elixirs;8. vājīkaraṇa-tantra- or doctrine of aphrodisiacs

etc.)

āyurvedamaya

mfn. acquainted with medical sciences

āyurvedika

m. acquainted or familiar with medical science, a physician

ayutasiddha

mfn. (in philosophy) proved to be not separated (by the intervention of space), proved to be essentially united (as organic bodies, etc.)

baddha

mfn. (especially in the beginning of a compound; see below) conceived, formed, entertained, manifested, shown, betrayed, visible, apparent (see jāta- in the beginning of a compound)

etc.

baddhadveṣa

mfn. entertaining hatred

baddhānuśaya

mfn. conceiving an intense hatred

baddhāśa

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') entertaining hope of

bādh

cl.1 A1. (

) bādhat/e-, Epic and mc. also P. ti- (perfect tense babādh/e-

; Aorist bādhiṣṭa-

, bādhiṣṭām-

; future bādhiṣyate-, ti-

etc., bādhitā- grammar; infinitive mood b/ādhe-

, bādhitum-

; ind.p. bādhitvā-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order, b/ādhya-

), to press, force, drive away, repel, remove

etc. ; (with v/arīyas-) to force asunder

; to harass, pain, trouble, grieve, vex

etc. ; to resist, oppose, check, stop, prevent

etc. ; to set aside (as a rule), annul, invalidate

etc. ; to suffer annoyance or oppression

: Passive voice bādhyate-, to be pressed etc. ; to be acted upon, suffer

: Causal bādhayati- (Aorist ababādhat-

), to oppress, harass, attack, trouble, vex

: Desiderative bibādhiṣate-, to wish to remove or chase away

; bhatsate-, to feel an aversion for, loathe, shrink from (ablative)

etc. (see

) Intensive bābadhe- (See pra-bādh-) ; badbodh/e-, to press hard, hem in, confine

; pr. p. badbadhān/a-, striking, knocking against (accusative)

; hemmed in, pent up,

[Cf. vadh-,also for kindred words.]

bahala

mfn. deep, intense (as a colour)

bahirante

ind. externally and internally

bahugandha

mfn. strong-scented

bahuka

m. Calotropis Gigantea

bahulagandha

n. "richly-scented", a kind of sandal wood

bahulīkṛta

mfn. made much or manifold or wide, extended, increased, augmented, aggrandized

bahulita

mfn. augmented, increased

bahumūlaka

n. the sweet-scented root of Andropogon Muricatus

bahusaṃsthita

mfn. much frequented, Mn viii, 371

bahuśāstrajña

mfn. acquainted with many books or sciences

bahuśikha

mfn. "many-pointed"

bāhyābhyantara

mfn. external and internal (as diseases)

bal

only Intensive balbalīti-, to whirl round in a circle

bāl

ind. onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds) an interjection imitating the sound of a falling body

balādhyakṣa

m. the superintendent or commander of an army, a general, minister of war

bālāhaka

m. yuddhe balāhaka-jambu-māle-,"in the contest between bālāhaka- and jambu-māla-"

balāka

m. of a hunter

bālamati

mfn. of childish intellect

balātkārābhilāṣin

mfn. wishing to use force, intending to violate

balavat

mfn. (b/ala--) possessing power, powerful, mighty, strong, intense

etc.

balidāna

n. the presentation of an offering to a deity (consisting of rice, milk, fruits etc. when presented to viṣṇu-, or of living victims when offered to śiva- or durgā-)

balīkṛta

mfn. presented as an offering

balipriya

m. Symplocos Racemosa (fabled to grow faster if presented with oblations consisting of incense, lights etc.)

bāṇāvalī

f. a series of 5 śloka-s (containing only one sentence)

bandh

cl.9 P. (

) badhn/āti- (rarely A1. badhnīt/e-; cl.1 P. A1. bandhati-, te-

; cl.4 P. badhyati-

; imperative badhāna-

, bandhāna-

, -badhnīhi-

, bandha-

; perfect tense P. bab/andha-,3. plural bedh/us-

, babandhus-

; A1. bedh/e-, dhir/e-

, babandhe- grammar; future bhantsyati-

etc., bandhiṣyati-, te-

; banddhā- grammar; Aorist abhāntsīt- grammar; preceding badhyāt-

; infinitive mood banddhum-,or bandhitum-

, b/adhe-

ind.p. baddhv/ā-

, dhv/āya-

, -badhya-

; -bandham-

), to bind, tie, fix, fasten, chain, fetter

etc. ; to bind round, put on (

;later also P."on one's self")

etc. ; to catch, take or hold captive, met. = to attach to world or to sin

; to fix, direct, fasten, rivet (eyes, ears or mind) on (locative case or infinitive mood)

; to arrest, hold back, restrain, suppress, stop, shut, close

; to bind a sacrificial victim, offer, sacrifice (with dative case of the deity to whom it is presented)

; to punish, chastise

; to join, unite, put together or produce anything in this way, exempli gratia, 'for example' fold (the hands), clench (the fist), knit or bend (the eyebrows), arrange, assume (a posture), set up (a limit), construct (a dam or a bridge), span, bridge over (a river), conceive or contract (friendship or enmity), compose, construct (a poem or verse)

etc. ; to form or produce in any way, cause, effect, do, make, bear (fruit), strike (roots), take up (one's abode)

; to entertain, cherish, show, exhibit, betray (joy, resolution etc.)

: Passive voice badhy/ate- (ti-

), to be bound etc. etc. ; (especially) to be bound by the fetters of existence or evil, sin again

; to be affected by id est experience, suffer (instrumental case)

: Causal bandhayati- (Aorist ababandhat-), to cause to bind or catch or capture, imprison

etc. ; to cause to be built or constructed

; to cause to be embanked or dammed up

; to bind together (also bādhayati-)

: Desiderative bibhantsati- grammar : Intensive bābanddhi-, bābadhyate-

[ confer, compare Zend band; Greek , ; Latin foedus,fides; Lit.be4ndras; Gothic Anglo-Saxon bindan; German binden; English bind.]

bandha

m. connection or intercourse with (compound)

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' = connected with, conducive to

)

bandhu

m. connection, relation, association

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with f(ū-).= belonging to, coming under the head of id est"being only in name"; see kṣatra--, dvija-b-etc.;"resembling"

,"frequented by"

,"favourable for"

; see

)

bāṣpākula

mfn. dimmed or interrupted by tears

bāṣpaviklababhāṣin

mf(iṇī-)n. speaking (with a voice) interrupted with weeping

bastāntrī

f. Argyreia Speciosa or Argentea

bata

ind. (later usually vata-; gaRa svar-ādi-) an interjection expressing astonishment or regret, generally = ah! oh! alas! (originally placed immediately after the leading word at the beginning of a sentence, or only separated from it by iva-;rarely itself in the first place exempli gratia, 'for example'

;in later language often in the middle of a sentence)

baṭu

m. (also written vaṭu-) a boy, lad, stripling, youth (especially a young Brahman, but also contemptuously applied to adult persons)

etc.

baṭu

m. a form of śiva- (so called from being represented by boys in the rites of the śākta-s)

bauddha

mf(ī-)n. relating to intellect or understanding

bebhiditavya

mfn. ( bhid-, Intensive) to be repeatedly split

bhā

cl.2 P. (

) bh/āti- (pr. p. bhāt- f. bhāntī-or bhātī-

; Potential bhāyāt-

; plural babhau-

etc.; Aorist abhāsīt- grammar

; future bhāsy/ati-

etc.) , to shine, be bright or luminous

etc. ; to shine forth, appear, show one's self

; to be splendid or beautiful or eminent

etc. (with na-,to cut a poor figure

) ; to appear as, seem, look like, pass for (Nominal verb with or without iva- adverb in vat-)

etc. ; to be, exist

; to show, exhibit, manifest

(varia lectio): Passive voice bhāyate-, impers, radiance is put forth by (instrumental case)

: Causal bhāpayate- ; Aorist abībhapat- grammar : Desiderative bibhāsati-

: Intensive bābhāyate-, bābheti-, bābhāti-

[ confer, compare bhan-, bhāṣ-, bhās-; Greek , ; Latin fa1rietc.; German Bann; English ban.]

bhadra

n. prosperity, happiness, health, welfare, good fortune (also plural)

etc. (bhadraṃ tasya-or tasmai-,prosperity to him!

; bhadraṃ te-or vaḥ-often used parenthetically in a sentence ="if you please", or to fill up a verse; bhadram upalāh-,happiness to you, O stones!

; bhadram-with kṛ-and dative case,to grant welfare to, bless

)

bhadraja

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

bhadrayava

n. the seed of Wrightia Antidysenterica

bhāga

m. part of anything given as interest

bhāgabhāj

mfn. having a share (in anything), interested, a partner

bhagavadgītā

f. plural (sometimes with upaniṣad-;once n(ta-).

) " kṛṣṇa-'s song", Name of a celebrated mystical poem (interpolated in the

where it forms an episode of 18 chapters

, containing a dialogue between kṛṣṇa- and arjuna-, in which the Pantheism of the vedānta- is combined with a tinge of the sāṃkhya- and the later principle of bhakti-or devotion to kṛṣṇa- as the Supreme Being; see

)

bhagna

mfn. broken (literally and figuratively), shattered, split, torn, defeated, checked, frustrated, disturbed, disappointed

etc. (sometimes forming the first instead of the second part of a compound exempli gratia, 'for example' grīvā-bhagna-, dharma-bh-for bhagna-grīva-, -dharma-;also"one who has broken a limb"

)

bhagnaceṣṭa

mfn. broken in effort, disappointed

bhagnamanas

mfn. "broken-hearted", discouraged, disappointed

bhagnamanoratha

mf(ā-)n. one whose wishes are disappointed

bhagnanidra

mfn. one whose sleep is broken or interrupted

bhagnapariṇāma

mfn. prevented from finishing (anything)

bhagnāśa

mfn. one whose hopes are broken, disappointed in expectation

bhairava

m. of a hunter

bhaj

cl.1 P. A1. (

) bh/ajati-, te- (2. sg. as imperative bhakṣi-

; perfect tense P. babh/āja- A1. bhej/e-

etc.;2. sg. babhaktha-

; bhejitha-

; Aorist P.2. 3. sg. abhāk-

; abhākṣīt-, kṣus-

; subjunctive bhakṣat-

; A1. /abhakṣi-, kta-

etc.; preceding A1. bhakṣīy/a-

;3. sg. kṣīṣṭa-

; kṣīta-

; future bhakṣyati-, te-

etc.; bhajiṣyati-, te-

etc.; bhaktā- grammar; infinitive mood bhaktum-

etc.; bhajitum-

; ind.p. bhaktvā-

etc., tvāya-

; -bhajya-and -bh/ājam-

), to divide, distribute, allot or apportion to (dative case or genitive case), share with (instrumental case)

etc. ; (A1.) to grant, bestow, furnish, supply

; A1. (rarely P.) to obtain as one's share, receive as (two accusative), partake of, enjoy (also carnally) , possess, have (accusative,Ved. also genitive case)

; (A1.,rarely P.) to turn or resort to, engage in, assume (as a form) , put on (garments) , experience, incur, undergo, feel, go or fall into (with accusative, especially of abstract noun exempli gratia, 'for example' bhītim-,to feel terror; nidrām-,to fall asleep; maunam-,to become silent)

etc. ; to pursue, practise, cultivate

; to fall to the lot or share of (accusative)

etc. ; to declare for, prefer, choose (exempli gratia, 'for example' as a servant)

; to serve, honour, revere, love, adore

etc.: Causal bhāj/ayati-, te- (Aorist abībhajuḥ-

, ababhājat- grammar), to divide

; to deal out, distribute

; to cause any one (accusative) to partake of or enjoy (accusative or genitive case)

; to put to flight, pursue, chase, drive into (accusative)

; to cook, dress (food)

: Desiderative bibhakṣati-, te-

(confer, compare bhikṣ-): Intensive bābhajyate-, bābhakti-,

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fa1gus; Gothic Old S.bo1k; German Buch,Buchstabe; English buck-,beech.]

bhāj

mfn. (mostly in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';exceptionally with genitive case) sharing or participating in, entitled to, possessing, enjoying, perceiving, feeling, sensible of. devoted to, intent upon

etc.

bhākuri

a word invented to explain bhek/uri-

bhām

cl.1 A1. (

) bhāmate- cl.10 P. (

) bhāmayati- (occurs only in derivatives, but the grammarians give also perfect tense babhāme- Aorist abhāmiṣṭa- future bhāmiṣyate-, mitā-; Causal bhāmayati-; Intensive bābhāmyate-), to be angry or impatient.

bhaṃsas

n. a particular part of the intestine or abdomen

(see bhas/ad-).

bhāṇa

m. Name of a sort of dramatic entertainment (in which only one of the interlocutors appears on the scene, or a narrative of some intrigue told either by the hero or a third person)

(see

) .

bhāṇḍabharaka

m. the contents of any vessel

bhāṇḍodara

n. the cavity or interior of a vessel

bhaṅga

m. a break or breach (literally and figuratively), disturbance, interruption, frustration, humiliation, abatement, downfall, decay, ruin, destruction

etc.

bhañj

cl.7 P. (

) bhanakti- (perfect tense babh/añja-

etc., 3. plural A1. babhañjire-

; Aorist abhāṅkṣīt-

; future bhaṅkṣyati-, ktā-

; ind.p. bhaṅktvā-, bhaktvā-or -bhajya-

), to break, shatter, split

etc. ; to break into, make a breach in (a fortress, with accusative)

; to rout, put to flight, defeat (an army)

; to dissolve (an assembly)

; to break up id est divide (a sūtra-)

; to bend

; to check, arrest, suspend, frustrate, disappoint

etc.: Passive voice bhajy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāji-or abhañji-

), to be broken or break (intr.) etc.

etc. etc.: Causal bhañjayati- (Aorist ababhañjat-) grammar : Desiderative bibhaṅkṣati-

: Intensive bambhajyate- or jīti-

[Perhaps for originally bhrañj-; confer, compare bhraj-; Latin frangere,nau-fraga; German brechen; English break.]

bhañjana

n. disturbing, interrupting, dispelling, removing

etc.

bhara

m. war, battle, contest

bharaga

a word invented to explain bharga- ( bharagatva -tva- n.)

bhāraśṛṅga

m. a kind of antelope

bhāravaha

m. a horse's canter (also n.andf(ā-).)

bharman

n. support, maintenance, nourishment, care

(see ariṣṭa--, garbha--, jātū-bh-)

bhāryāru

m. a kind of deer or antelope

bhāṣ

cl.1 A1. (

) bh/āṣate- (Epic also P. ti-; perfect tense babhāṣe-

etc.; future bhāṣiṣyate-or bhāṣitā- grammar : Aorist abhāṣiṣi-, ṣṭhāḥ-, ṣata-

; infinitive mood bhāṣitum-

; bhāṣṭum-

; ind.p. bhāṣitvā-, -bhāṣya-

), to speak, talk, say, tell (with acc, of thing or person, sometimes also with accusative of thing and person)

etc. ; to speak of or about or on (accusative)

; to announce, declare

; to call, name, describe as (with two accusative)

; to use or employ in speaking

; Passive voice bhāṣyate- (Aorist abhāṣi-), to be spoken, be addressed or spoken to

etc.: Causal bhāṣayati-, te- (Aorist ababhāṣat-or abībhaṣat-

) , to cause to speak or talk

; to cause to speak id est to think, agitate, disquiet

; to say, speak

: Desiderative , bibhāṣiṣate- grammar : Intensive babhāṣyate-, bābhāṣṭi-

(sometimes confounded with bhaṣ-; see bhaṇ-and bhās-).

bhās

cl.1 A1. (

) bhāsate- (in older language also P. bh/āsati-

etc.; parasmE-pada bh/āsat-

; perfect tense babhāse-

; Aorist abhāsiṣṭa- grammar; future bhāsiṣyate-, bhāsitā-

), to shine, be bright

etc. ; to appear ("as"or"like" Nominal verb or instrumental case of an abstract noun), occur to the mind, be conceived or imagined, become clear or evident

etc.: Causal bhāsayati-, te- (Aorist ababhāsat-and abībhasat-

), to make shine, illuminate

etc. ; to show, make evident, cause to appear ("by way of." instrumental case of an abstract noun)

Desiderative bibhāsiṣate- grammar : Intensive bābhāsyate-, bābhāsti-

(see bhā-,of which bhās-is a secondary form) .

bhāsaka

mfn. (fr. Causal) causing to appear, enlightening, making evident or intelligible (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

( bhāsakatva -tva- n.)

bhāṣāsama

m. "Prakrit -like", a sentence so arranged that it may be either Sanskrit or Prakrit

bhāskara

m. Calotropis Gigantea

bhāva

m. any state of mind or body, way of thinking or feeling, sentiment, opinion, disposition, intention (yādṛśena bhāvena-,with whatever disposition of mind; bhāvam amaṅgalaṃ-kṛ-,with locative case,to be ill disposed against; bhāvaṃ dṛḍhaṃ-kṛ-,to make a firm resolution)

etc.

bhāva

m. contemplation, meditation

(see -samanvita-).

bhāvanā

f. reflection, contemplation (5 kinds with Buddhists

)

bhavanodara

n. the interior apartments of a house

bhavapratisaṃdhi

m. entering into existence

bhavasaṃtati

f. an uninterrupted series of births and transmigrations

bhāvasarga

m. the intellectual creation (opp. to bhautika s-,the material creation)

bhāvita

mfn. perfumed with, scented

bhāvita

mfn. pervaded or inspired by, occupied or engrossed with, devoted to, intent upon (instrumental case or compound)

bhāvitātman

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') engaged in, intent upon

bheda

m. disturbance, interruption, violation, dissolution

bhedin

mfn. interrupting (devotion)

bhettṛ

mfn. an interrupter, disturber, frustrator

bhī

cl.3 P. (

) bibh/eti- (dual number bibhītas-or bibhitas- Potential bibhīyāt-or bibhiyāt-

; Potential 3. plural bibhyeyuḥ-

; imperfect tense 3. plural abibhayuḥ-

; Epic also A1.1. sg. bibhye-and and P.3. sg. bibhyati- plural bibhyanti-;Ved. also cl.1 A1. bh/ayate-,and accord, to

,cl.10. P. bhāyayati-; perfect tense bibhāya-,3. plural bibhyuḥ-

etc.; bībhāya-

; bibhay/āṃ cakara-

confer, compare

; Aorist abhaiṣīt-, ṣma-, ṣuḥ-

etc., 2. sg. bhaiṣīs-

, bhais-

etc., especially in mābhais-,"do not be afraid";once for plural equals mā bhaiṣṭa-

; bhes-

; bhema-

, parasmE-pada A1. bhiyān/a-

,; future bhetā- grammar;cond, abheṣyat-

; infinitive mood bhiy/ase-

; bhetum-

etc.) , to fear, be afraid of (ablative or genitive case,rarely instr, or accusative)

etc. ; to fear for, be anxious about (ablative)

: Passive voice bhīyate-, Aorist , abhāyi- grammar : Causal bhīṣ/ayate- (

etc.; confer, compare

), bhīṣayati- (

;once mc. bhiṣ-

; parasmE-pada bhīṣayāṇa-

; Aorist bībhiṣaḥ-

, ṣathāḥ-

), bhāyayati-, te- (

; Potential bhāyayes-

; varia lectio bhīṣayes-; Aorist bībhayat-, /abībhayanta-

; ind.p. -bhāyya-

), bhāpayate- (

), to terrify, put in a fright, intimidate

etc. etc.: Desiderative bibhīṣati- grammar : Intensive bebhīyate-, bebhayīti-, bebheti-

[ confer, compare bhyas-; Lithuanian bijo4tis; Slavonic or Slavonian bojati; German biben,beben.]

bhid

cl.7.P. A1. (

) bhin/atti-, bhintte- (imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /abhinat-

; subjunctive bhin/aadaḥ-

; imperative bindh/i-

; binddhi-

[ confer, compare binddhi-lavaṇā-];cl.1. P. bh/edati-

; Potential bhideyam-

; perfect tense bibh/eda-

; Aorist , 2. 3. sg. bh/et-

abhaitsīt-

; bhitthās-

; preceding bhitsīṣṭa- grammar; future bhetsy/ati-, te-

etc.; Conditional abhetsyat-

; future bhettā- grammar; infinitive mood bh/ettav/ai-

; bhettum-

etc.; ind.p. bhittv/ā-, -bhidya-

etc.) , to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy

etc.,; to pass through (as a planet or, comet)

; to disperse (darkness)

; to transgress, violate, (a compact or alliance)

etc. ; to open, expand

; to loosen, disentangle, dissolve

etc. ; to disturb, interrupt, stop

; to disclose, betray

etc. ; to disunite, set at variance

; to distinguish, discriminate

: Passive voice bhidy/ate- (Epic also ti- Aorist abhedi-

etc.; perfect tense bibhide-

), to be split or broken, burst (intrans.)

etc. ; to be opened (as a closed hand, eyes etc.)

; to overflow (as water)

; to be loosened, become loose

; to be stopped or interrupted

; to be disclosed or betrayed

; to be changed or altered (in mind), be won over

; to be disunited

; to keep aloof from (instrumental case)

; to be distinguished, differ from (ablative)

etc.: Causal bhedayati-, te- (Aorist abībhidat-; confer, compare also bhidāpana-), to cause to split or break etc. ; to split, break, shatter, crush, destroy

; to separate, divide (See bhedita-) ; to disunite, set at variance, perplex, unsettle (in opinion), seduce, win over

: Desiderative b/ibhitsati-, te-, to wish to break through or disperse or defeat

(confer, compare, bibhitsā-): Desiderative of Causal See bibhedayiṣu-: Intensive bebhidīti- or bebhetti-, to cleave repeatedly

[ confer, compare Latin findo; German beissen; English bite.]

bhikṣāmāṇava

m. a beggar boy (as a term of contempt)

bhinna

mfn. interrupted, disturbed

bhinna

n. a wound from a pointed weapon, a stab

bhinrārthatā

f. clearness, intelligibleness

bhīṣmaka

m. bhīṣma- the son of śāṃtanu- (used contemptuously)

bhogabhṛtaka

m. a servant who works only for maintenance

bhogadeha

m. "the body of feeling"(the intermediate body which a dead person acquires through the śrāddha- after cremation, and with which, according to his works, he either enjoys happiness or suffers misery see adhiṣṭhāna-d-, sambhogakāya-)

bhojaka

m. Name of a class of priests (or Sun-worshippers, supposed to be descended from the maga-s by intermarriage with women of the bhoja- race)

bhojanādhikāra

m. superintendence over food or provisions, the office of a master of the kitchen

bhos

(fr. bhavas- vocative case of bhavat- q.v;before vowels and soft consonants bho-;before hard consonants bhos-and bhoḥ-;the latter form also in pause see

;but there is occasional confusion of these forms, especially in later literature;often also bhobhoḥ-.), an interjection or vocative case particle commonly used in addressing another person or several persons = O! Ho! Hallo l, in soliloquies = alas!

etc. etc. (according to

a particle of sorrow and of interrogation).

bhṛ

cl.1 P. A1. (

) bh/arati-, te- ; cl.3 P. A1. (

) b/ibharti- (bibh/arti-only

), bibhṛte- ; cl.2 P. bh/arti-

(parasmE-pada P. b/ibhrat-, q.v; A1. bibhrāṇa-with act. meaning

, bibhramāṇa-with pass. meaning

; perfect tense jabh/āra-, jabh/arat-; jabhre-, ajabhartana-

; babhāra-, babhṛma-

etc.; parasmE-pada babhrāṇ/a-with pass. meaning

; bibharāmbabhūva-

, rām-āsa-

; Aorist abhār-

; bhart/am-, bhṛt/am-

; abhṛta- grammar; abhārṣam- subjunctive bharṣat-

; abhāriṣam-

; preceding bhriyāsam-, yāt-

; future bhariṣyati- Conditional /abhariṣyat-

; bhart/ā-

; infinitive mood bh/artum-, bh/artave-, bh/artav/ai-,Ved.; bh/aradhyai-

; ind.p. -bh/ṛtya-

etc.) , to bear, carry, convey, hold ("on"or"in" locative case)

etc. ; to wear id est let grow (hair, beard, nails)

etc. ; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales)

; to bear id est contain, possess, have, keep (also"keep in mind")

etc. ; to support, maintain, cherish, foster

; to hire, pay

; to carry off or along (A1. bharate-,"for one's self" id est gain, obtain, or =ferri"to be borne along")

; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow

etc. ; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo

; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; A1. bharate-,also "to rise, be heard")

; to fill (the stomach)

; (with garbham-) to conceive, become pregnant (confer, compare under dhṛ-)

; (with kṣitim-) to take care of, rule, govern

; (with, ājñām-) to submit to, obey

; (with ūrjām-) to exert, employ

: Passive voice bhriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist abhāri-), to be borne etc.

etc. etc.: Causal bhārayati- (Aorist abībharat-), to cause to bear etc. ; to engage for hire

: Desiderative b/ubhūrṣati- (

), bibhariṣati- (

) , to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intensive b/aribharti- (3. plural bhrati-

, where also 2. dual number jarbhṛt/aḥ-), barībharti- (

), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither. [ confer, compare Zend bar; Greek ; Latin fero; Slavonic or Slavonian brati; Gothic bai4ran; German beran,ge-ba0ren; English bear.]

bhrāj

cl.1 A1. (

) bhr/ājate- (rarely P. ti-; perfect tense babhrāja-

; bhreje-, babhrājire-and bhrejire- grammar; Aorist abhrāṭ-, abhrāji-

; abhrājiṣṭa- grammar; preceding bhrājyāsam-

; future bhrājitā- grammar; bhrājiṣyate-

; infinitive mood bhrājitum-

), to shine, beam, sparkle, glitter

etc. ; (with na-), to be of no account

: Causal bhrājayati- (Aorist ababhrājat-and abibhrajat-), to cause to shine or glitter, illuminate, irradiate

: Desiderative bibhrājiṣate- grammar ; Intensive bābhrājyate- or bābhrāṣṭi-

[ confer, compare bhṛgu-; Greek ; Latin fulgere,flammaforflag-maetc.; Lithuanian blizgu4; German bleichen; English bleach.]

bhrajj

cl.6 P. A1. (

; confer, compare bhṛj-) bhṛjj/ati-, te- (in

only forms of the proper P.,and perfect tense babhrajja-; grammar also perfect tense babhrajye-and babharja-, je-; Aorist abhrākṣīt-, abhārkṣīt-; abhārkṣīt-, abhaṣṭa-; abharṣṭa-; future bhrakṣyati-, te-, bharkṣyati-, te-; bhraṣṭā-, bharṣṭā-; infinitive mood bhraṣṭum-and bharṣṭum-; ind.p. bhṛṣṭvā-), to fry, parch, roast (especially grain)

etc.: Passive voice bhṛjjyate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada bhṛjjyamāna-

) : Causal bharjayati- (confer, compare bhṛj-; grammar also bhrajjayati-; Aorist ababharjat-or ababhrajjat-), to fry, roast

: Desiderative bibhrakṣati-, bibharkṣati- ; bibhrajjiṣati-, bibharjiṣati- grammar : Intensive barībhṛjjyate-, bābhraṣṭi-, bābharṣṭi-

[ confer, compare bhrāj-; Greek ; Latin frigere.]

bhram

cl.1 P. (

) bhramati- (Epic also te-) and cl.4 P. (

), bhrāmyati- (Potential bhramyāt-

; perfect tense babhrāma-,3. plural babhramuḥ-or bhremuḥ-

etc.; future bhramitā- grammar; bhramiṣyati-

; Aorist abhramīt-

; infinitive mood bhramitum-or bhrāntum-

etc.; ind.p. bhramitvā-, bhrāntvā-, -bhrāmya-

), to wander or roam about, rove, ramble (with deśam-,to wander through or over a country;with bhikṣām-,go about begging)

etc. ; to fly about (as bees)

; to roll about (as the eyes)

; to wag (as the tongue)

; to quiver (as the fetus in the womb)

; to move to and fro or unsteadily, flicker, flutter, reel, totter

; to move round, circulate, revolve (as stars)

; to spread, be current (as news)

; to waver, be perplexed, doubt, err

: Passive voice Aorist abhrāmi- (impersonal or used impersonally,with te-,"you have wandered or roamed about")

: Causal bhrāmayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist abibhramat-: Passive voice bhrāmyate-), to cause to wander or roam, drive or move about, agitate

etc. ; (with paṭaham-or ha-ghoṣaṇām-), to move a drum about, proclaim by beat of drum

; to cause to move or turn round or revolve, swing, brandish

etc. ; to drive through (accusative) in a chariot

; to disarrange

; to cause to err, confuse

; to move or roam about (Aorist abibhramat-; Bombay edition ababhramat-)

: Desiderative bibhramiṣati- grammar : Intensive bambhramīti-, bambhramyate- (also with pass. meaning) and bambhrānti- (only grammar), to roam about repeatedly or frequently, wander through, circumambulate

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin fremere; German bre0men,brimmen,brummen; English brim,brim-stone.]

bhraṃś

or bhraś- (sometimes written bhraṃs-; see bhṛś-) cl.1 A1. (

) bhraṃśate- (once in

P. ti-) cl.4 P. (

;cf. bhṛś-) bhraśyati- (Epic also A1. te- perfect tense babhraṃśa- śe- grammar; Aorist subjunctive bhraśat-

; abhraṃśiṣṭa- grammar; future bhraṃśiṣyati-, te-; bhraṃśitā-

; ind.p. bhraṃśitvā-and bhraṣṭvā-

), to fall, drop, fall down or out or in pieces

etc. ; to strike against (locative case)

; to rebound from (ablative)

; to fall (figuratively), decline, decay, fail, disappear, vanish, be ruined or lost

etc. ; to be separated from or deprived of, lose (ablative)

etc. ; to slip or escape from (genitive case)

; to swerve or deviate from, abandon (ablative)

: Causal bhraṃśayati- (or bhrāśayati-; see bhr/āśya-and ni-bhraṃś-; Aorist ababhraṃśat-; Passive voice bhraṃśyate-), to cause to fall (literally and figuratively), throw down, overthrow

etc. ; to cause to disappear or be lost destroy

; to cause to escape from (ablative)

; to cause to deviate from (ablative)

; to deprive any one (accusative) of (ablative; exempli gratia, 'for example' upavāsāt-or vratāt-,"of the reward for fasting or performing any observance")

etc.: Desiderative bibhraṃśiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive bābhraśyate-, bhraṣṭi- ; banībhraśyate- or bhraṃśyate-

bhrāś

(varia lectio bhrās-; see bhlāś-) cl.1.4. A1. bhrāśate-, śyate-

(śyati-

; perfect tense babhrāśe-and bhreśe-

; future bhrāśiṣyate-, śitā- Aorist abhrāśiṣṭa-), to shine, glitter

: Causal bhrāśayati- (Aorist ababhrāśat-,or abibhraśat-) grammar : Desiderative bibhrāśiṣate-

: Intensive bābhrāśyate-, bābhrāṣṭi-

bhrātṛdvitīyā

f. a festival on the 2nd day in the light half of the month kārttika- (on which, sisters give entertainments to brother in commemoration of yamunā-'s entertaining her brother yama-)

bhrī

cl.9 P. (

) bhrī ṇāti- or bhriṇāti- (only proper 3. plural bhrīṇ/anti-

; grammar also perfect tense bibhrāya-; future bhretā-, bhreṣyati- Aorist abhraiṣīt-), to injure, hurt (

- hiṃs-

"to be angry"see bhṛṇīya-; grammar"to fear"or"to bear") : Causal bhrāyayati- grammar : Desiderative bibhrīṣati-

: Intensive bebhrīyate-, bebhrayīti-, bebhreti-

bhṛj

(see bhrajj-) cl.1 A1. bharjate- (perfect tense babhṛje-: Causal bharjayati-; Aorist ababharjat-and abībhṛjat-: Desiderative bibharjiṣate-: Intensive barībhṛjyate-; barībharkti-and barbh/arkti- grammar), to fry, parch

bhṛśatā

f. violence, intensity

bhṛti

f. support, maintenance, nourishment, food

etc.

bhṛtyā

f. support, maintenance, wages etc. (equals bhṛti-).

bhṛtyībhū

P. -bhavati-, to become a servant, enter upon service

bhrūmadhya

n. the interval between the eyebrows

bhū

cl.1 P. (

) bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare

; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu-

; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve-

; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu-

; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni-

; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās-

; bhūyāt-

; bhūyiṣṭhās-

; bhaviṣāt-[?]

; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā-

etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi-

; bhavitum-, tos-

; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī-

; -bh/ūya-

etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam-

), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur

etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite

;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done

;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning

;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed

; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted

; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this

; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked

; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless

;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die

etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth

;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces

;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof.

;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one

; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone

) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to

also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative)

etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-)

(confer, compare

) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing)

etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit

) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case)

; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed

; to be of consequence or useful

; (also A1.

) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain

; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate

: Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti-

; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be

: Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum-

; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc.

), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create

; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further

etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative)

; to subdue, control

; (also A1.

) to obtain

; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray

; to purify

; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative)

etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume

(confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (

), to wish to cause to be etc.

: Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be

etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed

; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed

; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour

; to want to take revenge

: Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of

; to be transformed into (accusative)

; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret

[ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.]

bhuḍḍa

m. Name of a poet (contemporary of maṅkha-)

bhuj

cl.7 P.A1. (

) bhun/akti-, bhuṅkt/e- (rarely cl.6 P. A1. bhuñjati-, te-

;3. plural A1. bhuñjat/e-

; Potential P. bhuñjīyāt-

; perfect tense A1. bubhuj/e-, jm/ahe-, jrir/e-

plural P. juḥ-

; Aorist abhaukṣīt-, abhnkta- grammar; bh/ojam-, bh/ojate-, bhujema-

; bhukṣiṣīya-

; future bhokṣyati-, te-

etc.; bhoktā-

; infinitive mood bh/ojase-, bh/ujam-, bhuje-

: bhoktum-

etc.; ind.p. bhuktvā-or bhuṅktvā-

) . to enjoy, use, possess, (especially) enjoy a meal, eat, eat and drink, consume (mostly A1.;in Vedic or Veda generally with instrumental case,later with accusative)

etc. ; to enjoy (carnally)

; to make use of, utilize, exploit

etc. ; (with pṛthivīm-, mahīm-etc.) to take possession of, rule, govern

etc. ; to suffer, experience, undergo, be requited or rewarded for (accusative) or at the hands of (genitive case)

etc. ; (P.) to be of use or service to (accusative)

; to pass, live through, last (a time)

; (in astronomy) to pass through, fulfil

: Passive voice bhujyate- (Aorist abhoji-), to be enjoyed or eaten or possessed or made use of

etc.: Causal bhojayati- (te-, mc.; confer, compare

;once bhuñjāpayati-

varia lectio; Aorist abūbhujat-, jata- grammar), to cause to enjoy or eat, feed with (two accusative or accusative of Persian and instrumental case of thing; confer, compare

)

etc. ; etc. ; to use as food

: Desiderative bubhukṣati- (once), te-, to wish to eat, be hungry

; to wish to enjoy or partake of

(confer, compare bubhukṣā-, kṣita-, kṣu-): Intensive bobhujyate-, to be eaten frequently

; bobhokti- and bobhujīti-, to eat or enjoy frequently grammar ([ confer, compare Latin fungor.])

bhur

(prob. a secondary form of bhri-not in

), P. A1. bhur/ati-, te-, to move rapidly or convulsively, stir, palpitate, quiver, struggle (in swimming)

: Intensive j/arbhurīti- (parasmE-pada j/arbhurat-, rāṇa-), to flicker (as fire)

(confer, compare Greek , ; Latin furere.)

bhūri

f. (see pāli- bhūrī-) reason, intellect

bhurij

f. dual number the arms or hands (as"quick in moving")

(this meaning, given

,seems to suit all passages;others translate "scissors"or"a carpenter's vice")

bhūṣ

cl.1 P. bh/ūṣati- (perfect tense bubhūṣa- grammar; Aorist abhūṣīt-

; future bhūṣiṣyati-, bhūṣitā-

; infinitive mood bhūṣitum-

), to strive after, use efforts for, be intent upon (dative case)

; to seek to procure (accusative) for (dative case)

; to adorn

: Causal bhūṣayati- (

, Epic also te-;aor abubhūṣat-; infinitive mood bhūṣayitum-), to adorn, embellish, attire (A1.also,"one's self"

Va1rtt. 18

)

bhūtacaitanika

m. an adherent of the doctrine that the mind or intellect is produced from material elements

bhūtacaitanya

n. intellectuality of matter

bhūtakaraṇavatī

f. (scilicet vibhakti-) the character and personal endings of the augmented verbal forms (id est of imperfect tense Aorist and Conditional)

bhūtārta

mfn. tormented by demons

bhūtodana

m. a dish of rice (eaten to counteract the influence of demons)

bhyas

cl.1 A1. (

) bhy/asate- (only imperfect tense /abhyasetām-

; subjunctive bhy/asāt-

; grammar also perfect tense babhyase- future bhyasiṣyati-etc.: Causal bhyāsayati-: Desiderative bibhyasiṣate-: Intensive bābhyasyate-, bābhyasti-), to fear, be afraid, tremble (see bhī-,of which this is a secondary form, prob. through bhiyas-).

bibodhayiṣu

mfn. (fr. Desiderative of Causal of budh-) wishing to rouse, intending to wake

(see bubodhayiṣu-).

bid

or bind- (see bhid-) cl.1 P. bindati-, to cleave, split

(perhaps invented on account of the following words of more or less questionable origin).

bilvakīyā

f. a place planted with bilva- trees gaRa naḍādi- (see bailvaka-).

bimba

m. an image, shadow, reflected or represented form, picture, type

bimba

m. (in rhetoric) the object compared (as opp. to prati-bimba-,"the counterpart"to which it is compared)

bimbapratibimba

(in the beginning of a compound) original and counterfeit, object of comparison and that with which it is compared

bimbapratibimbabhāva

m. (

) condition of original and counterfeit etc.

bimbisāra

m. (from bimbin-or bimbī+s-?) Name of a king of magadha- (contemporary and patron of gautama- buddha-)

(varia lectio vidhisāra-, vidmi-sāra-, vindu-sena-, vindhya-sena-)

binducitra

m. the spotted antelope.

binducitraka

m. the spotted antelope.

boddhavya

mfn. to be known or perceived or observed or recognized, perceptible, intelligible

etc.

bodha

m. perception, apprehension, thought, knowledge, understanding, intelligence

bodhadhiṣaṇa

m. one whose intellect is knowledge

bodhagamya

mfn. attainable by the intellect, intelligible

bodhanī

f. intellect, knowledge

bodhātman

m. (with jaina-s) the intelligent and sentient soul

bodhāyana

m. Name of a teacher and author of the brahma-sūtra-vṛtti- (said to have commented also on the bhagavad-gītā- and 10 upaniṣad-s)

bodhayitavya

mfn. (fr. Causal) to be made acquainted with, to be informed of (accusative)

bodhi

mf. (with Buddhists or jaina-s) perfect knowledge or wisdom (by which a man becomes a buddha- or jina-), the illuminated or enlightened intellect (of a Buddha or jina-)

(see

)

bodhin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') intent upon, careful of.

bodhipakṣadharma

m. a quality belonging to (or a constituent of) perfect intelligence

bodhipakṣika

mfn. belonging to perfect intelligence (with dharma-, m. equals pakṣa-dh-

bokaḍī

f. Argyreia Speciosa or Argentea

brahmajyeṣṭha

m. (printed ṭhya-) the elder brother of brahmā-

brahman

m. the intellect (equals buddhi-)

brāhmaṇayajña

m. a sacrifice intended for brāhmaṇa-

brahmāṇḍabhāṇḍodara

n. the interior of the vessel-like egg of brahmā-

brahmaniṣṭha

mfn. absorbed in contemplating brahma- or the one self Spirit

brahmavedin

mfn. equals -vid-, acquainted with the veda- or spiritual knowledge

brahmayoni

f. original source or home in brahma-

( brahmayonistha -stha- mfn."abiding in brahma-"or"intent on the means of union with brahma-"

)

bṛbu

m. Name of a man (according to

"the carpenter of the paṇi-s")

bṛh

or vṛh-, cl.6. P. (

) brih/ati- ; vṛh/ati- (perfect tense babarha-, vav/arha-; future varkṣyati-, varhiṣyati-; varḍhā-, varhitā-; Aorist barhīt-, avṛkṣat-; ind.p. vriḍhvā-, varhitvā-, v/ṛhya-, barham-, v/arham-;Ved. infinitive mood vṛhas-: Passive voice vṛhyate-; Aorist varhi-), to tear, pluck, root up (without a preposition only with mūlam-

): Causal barh/ayati- (See ni-bṛh-): Desiderative vivṛkṣati-, vivarhiṣati- grammar : Intensive varīvarḍhi-, varīvṛhyate-

bṛh

or bṛṃh- cl.1 P. (

) bṛṃhati- (also te-

and bṛhati-

; perfect tense babarha-

;

parasmE-pada babṛhāṇ/a-

), to be thick, grow great or strong, increase (the finite verb only with a preposition): Causal bṛṃhayati-, te- (also written vṛ-), to make big or fat or strong, increase, expand, further, promote

; barhayati- See sam-bṛh-: Intensive barbṛhat-, barbṛhi- See upa-bṛh-.

bṛhadamara

m. "the larger amara-koṣa-", Name of a particular recension of the amara- with interpolations.

bṛhadamarakośa

m. "the larger amara-koṣa-", Name of a particular recension of the amara- with interpolations.

bṛhaddyuti

mfn. intensely brilliant

bṛhaspati

m. (also written vṛh-p-;fr. 3. bṛk pati-; see brahmaṇas-pati-) "lord of prayer or devotion"Name of a deity (in whom Piety and Religion are personified;he is the chief offerer of prayers and sacrifices, and therefore represented as the type of the priestly order, and the purohita- of the gods with whom he intercedes for men;in later times he is the god of wisdom and eloquence, to whom various works are ascribed;he is also regarded as son of aṅgiras-, husband of tārā- and father of kaca-, and sometimes identified with vyāsa-;in astronomy he is the regent of Jupiter and often identified with that planet)

etc., etc. (see

)

buddha

mfn. conscious, intelligent, clever, wise (opp. to mūḍha-)

etc.

buddhi

f. the power of forming and retaining conceptions and general notions, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind, discernment, judgement

etc.

buddhi

f. (in sāṃkhya- philosophy) Intellect (equals adhy-avasāya-,the intellectual faculty or faculty of mental perception, the second of the 25 tattva-s; see buddhi-tattva-)

buddhi

f. thought about or meditation on (locative case or compound), intention, purpose, design

(buddhyā-,with the intention of. designedly, deliberately; anugraha-b-,with a view to id est in order to show favour; buddhiṃ-kṛ-or pra-kṛ-,to make up one's mind, resolve, decide, with locative case dative case accusative with prati-,or infinitive mood)

buddhi

f. Intelligence personified (as a daughter of dakṣa- and wife of dharma- and mother of bodha-)

buddhibhṛt

mfn. possessing intelligence, wise

buddhicyuta

mfn. one who has lost his intellect

buddhidyūta

n. "intellect-game", game at chess

buddhigamya

mfn. to be apprehended by the intellect, intelligible

buddhigrāhya

mfn. to be apprehended by the intellect, intelligible

buddhijīvin

mfn. subsisting by intelligence, rational, intelligent

buddhilakṣaṇa

n. a sign of intellect or wisdom,

buddhimat

mfn. endowed with understanding, intelligent, learned, wise

etc.

buddhimattā

f. (

) intelligence, wisdom.

buddhimattara

mfn. more or very intelligent

buddhimattva

n. (

) intelligence, wisdom.

buddhimaya

mf(ī-)n. consisting in intellect

buddhipura

n. city of the intellect

buddhipūrva

mf(ā-)n. preceded by design, premeditated, intentional, wilful

buddhipūrvam

ind. intentionally, purposely

buddhiśakti

f. an intellectual faculty

buddhiskandhamaya

mf(ī-)n. one whose trunk or stem is the intellect

buddhiśreṣṭha

mfn. best (when effected) by the intellect

buddhitattva

n. the intellectual faculty or principle (the 2nd of the 8 prakṛtayaḥ- or"producers"in the sāṃkhya-, coming next to and proceeding from mūla-prakṛti- or a-vyakta-),

(see

) .

buddhivināśa

m. loss of understanding, deficiency of intellect

buddhivṛddhi

f. growth or development of intellect, growth of understanding or wisdom ( buddhivṛddhikara -kara- mfn.producing it)

buddhiyoga

m. devotion of the intellect, intellectual union with the Supreme Spirit

buddhiyukta

mfn. endowed with understanding, intelligent

buddhyadhika

mfn. superior in intellect

buddhyavajñāna

n. disregard or contempt of any one's understanding

budh

cl.1 P. A1. (

) bodhati-, te- ; cl.4 A1.

b/udhyate- (Epic also P. ti-; perfect tense P. bubodha-

; subjunctive b/ubodhati-

; A1. bubudh/e-, parasmE-pada bubudhān/a-

; Aorist P. subjunctive bodhiṣat-

; imperative bodhi-

; A1.3 plural abudhram-, ran-; parasmE-pada budhān/a-

subjunctive budh/anta-

; abhutsi-

; preceding A1. bhutsīṣṭa-

; future bhotsyati-, te-

etc.; boddhā- grammar; ind.p. buddhvā-

; -budhya-

etc.; infinitive mood b/udhe-

; budh/i-

; boddhum-

etc.) , to wake, wake up, be awake

etc. ; to recover consciousness (after a swoon)

(Aorist Passive voice abodhi-) ; to observe, heed, attend to (with accusative or genitive case)

; to perceive, notice, learn, understand, become or be aware of or acquainted with

etc. ; to think of id est present a person ("with" instrumental case)

; to know to be, recognize as (with two accusative)

etc. ; to deem, consider or regard as (with two accusative)

: Passive voice budhyate- (Aorist abodhi-), to be awakened or restored to consciousness ; See above: Causal bodh/ayati-, te- (Aorist abūbudhat-; Passive voice bodhyate-), to wake up, arouse, restore to life or consciousness

etc. ; to revive the scent (of a perfume)

; to cause (a flower) to expand

; to cause to observe or attend, admonish, advise

etc. ; to make a person acquainted with, remind or inform of. impart or communicate anything to (with two accusative)

etc.: Desiderative bubhutsati-, te- (grammar also bubodhiṣati-, te-,and bubudhiṣati-, te-), to wish to observe, desire to become acquainted with

: Desiderative of Causal See bibodhayiṣu- and bubodhayiṣu-: Intensive bobudhīti- (grammar also bobudhyate-, boboddhi-), to have an insight into, understand thoroughly (with accusative)

[ confer, compare Zend bud; Greek for () in, Slavonic or Slavonian bu8de8ti,bu8dru8; Lithuanian bude4ti,budru4s; Gothic biudan; German biotan,bieten; Anglo-Saxon be4odan; English bid.]

budh

mfn. intelligent, wise (see a-budh-).

budha

mfn. intelligent, clever, wise

etc.

ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented

;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in

the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou",

);the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?"

);in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position"

);elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river"

);in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[

] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"

; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united"

);with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"

; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he"

);occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"

; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"

); ca-ca-,though-yet

; ca-na ca-,though - yet not

; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.',

; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet

; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"

; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being"

) , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"

; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god",

); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare

;the verb is accented)

; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy"

);(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.])

cācali

mfn. (Intensive cal-) moving much or repeatedly

(see /a-vi--).

cācari

m. (Intensive car-) "moving quickly", Name of a wrestler

caikīrṣata

mfn. equals cikīrṣat- (p.1. kṛ-, Intensive) gaRa prajñādi-.

caitanya

n. intelligence, sensation, soul, spirit

etc.

cak

cl.1 P. A1. kati-, kate-, to be satiated or contented or satisfied

; to repel, resist

; to shine,

(see kan-and kam-.)

cakrapāla

m. the superintendent of a province

cakravṛddhi

f. interest upon interest

cal

(confer, compare car-and also caṭ-) cl.1. lati- (metrically also A1. te-; perf. cacāla- plural celur-; future caliṣyati-; Aorist acālīt-), to be moved, stir, tremble, shake, quiver, be agitated, palpitate

etc. ; to move on or forward, proceed, go away, start off, depart

(āsanebhyo 'calan-,"they rose from their seat",

) etc. ; to set (said of the day)

; to be moved from one's usual course, be disturbed, become confused or disordered, go astray

etc. ; to turn away from, swerve, deviate from (ablative exempli gratia, 'for example' dharmāt-,to swerve from virtue

), fall off (with ablative)

etc. ; to sport about, frolic, play (

)

: Causal calayati- (

) , to cause to move, move, shake, jog, push, agitate, disturb

; to cause to deviate, turn off from (ablative)

: Causal cālay- (Passive voice cālyate-) to cause to move, shake, jog, push, agitate

etc. ; to drive, drive away, remove or expel from (ablative)

; to disturb, make confused or disordered

; to cause to deviate from (ablative)

; to cherish, foster

(varia lectio for bal-): Intensive cañcalyate- (confer, compare cañcala-) or cāc- (confer, compare /a-vicācala-ff.)

; ([ confer, compare, ; Latin celer,pro-cello,ex-.])

calana

m. an antelope

camat

ind. "an interjection of surprise", only in compound

campūbhārata

n. Name of a reproduction in prose and verse of the contents of

(by ananta-bhaṭṭa-) .

campūrāmāyaṇa

n. Name of a reproduction in prose and verse of the contents of

(by lakṣmaṇakavi-) .

camūrudṛś

f. an antelope-eyed woman

(

iv, 3/4) .

cana

ind. (ca n/a-

) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force;a preceding verb is accentuated[

];in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other negative particle, whereas in the later language another negative is usually added exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpaś can/apr/a minanti vrat/aṃ vāṃ-,"not even the waters violate your ordinance"

; n/āha vivyāca pṛthiv/ī can/āinaṃ-,"the earth even does not contain him", iii, 36, 4;in class. Sanskrit it is only used after the interrogatives k/a-, katar/a-, katam/a-, katham-, k/ad-, kad/ā-, kim-, k/utas-, kva-,making them indefinite)

etc. also

cañcala

mf(ā-)n. (fr. Intensive cal-) moving to and fro, movable, unsteady, shaking, quivering, flickering

etc.

cañcāpuruṣa

m. a strawman, doll (said contemptuously of a man)

(

) .

cañcarī

f. (fr. Intensive car-) a bee

cañcarin

m. (fr. Intensive car-) a bee

cañcūryamāṇa

mfn. fr. Intensive car- q.v

candanin

mfn. anointed with sandal (śiva-)

caṇḍiman

m. intensity

candrārkamaraana

m. "tormenter of sun and moon", Name (also title or epithet) confer, compare rāhu-,

caṅkrama

m. (fr. Intensive kram-) going about, a walk

caṅkramamāṇa

mfn. irregular pr. p. Intensive kram-.

car

cl.1. c/arati-, rarely te- (subjunctive c/arat-,3 plural c/arān-

; perf. cac/āra-[

etc.] , 2 sg. cacartha-

; plural cerur-,etc.; ratur-

etc.; A1. cere-

; future cariṣyati-, te-; Aorist acārīt-[

]; infinitive mood c/aritum-[

]or cartum-[

] , Vedic or Veda car/adhyai-[

], c/aritave-[

], car/ase-[

], car/āyai-[

], caritos-[

]; ind.p. caritv/ā-

; cartvā-

; cīrtvā-,

; parasmE-pada c/arat-) to move one's self, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.)

etc. ; to spread, be diffused (as fire)

; to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow

etc. ; to behave, conduct one's self, act, live, treat (with instrumental case or locative case)

etc. ; to be engaged in, occupied or busy with (instr exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/ena c-,"to be engaged in a sacrifice"

)

etc. ; (with[

]or without[

] mithun/am-) to have intercourse with, have to do with (instrumental case) ; (with a parasmE-pada or adjective (cf. mfn.) or ind.p. or adverb) to continue performing or being (exempli gratia, 'for example' arcantaś cerur-,"they continued worshipping"

; svāminam avajñāya caret-,"he may go on despising his master"

)

etc. ; (in astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction

; to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make (exempli gratia, 'for example' vrat/āni-"to observe vows"

etc.; vighnaṃ c-,"to put a hindrance"

; bhaikṣaṃ c-"to beg"

; vivādaṃ c-,"to be engaged in a lawsuit"

; mṛgayāṃ c-,"to hunt"

; sambandhāṃś c-,"to enter into connections"

; mārgaṃ cacāra bāṇaiḥ-,"he made a way with arrows"

; tapasā indriyāṇi c-,to exercise one's organs with penance

)

etc. ; to consume, eat (with accusative), graze

; to make or render (with double accusative) exempli gratia, 'for example' nar/endraṃ satya-sthaṃ carāma-,"let us make the king keep his word"

: Causal cārayati-, to cause to move or walk about

(Aorist /acīcarat-)

; to pasture

; to send, direct, turn, move

etc. ; to cause any one (accusative) to walk through (accusative)

; to drive away from (ablative)

; to cause any one (accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative)

; to cause (any animal accusative) to eat

; to cause to copulate

; to ascertain (as through a spy instrumental case)

; to doubt (see vi--)

: Desiderative cicariṣati-, to try to go

(parasmE-pada cicarṣat-) ; to wish to act or conduct one's self

; to try to have intercourse with (instrumental case),

: Intensive carcarīti- A1. or rarely ([

]) Passive voice cañcūryate- (curīti-and cūrti-

; ind.p. cūrya-

; parasmE-pada once P. cūryat-

) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative case)

etc. ; to act wantonly or coquettishly

(see

) ; ([ see, etc.])

carkarīta

n. a term for any Intensive formed without the syllable ya- (like carkarīti-,1. kṛ-)

cāru

n. intelligence

cārukesarā

f. "beautiful-filamented", a kind of Cyperus

cārulocana

m. an antelope

cārunetra

m. a kind of antelope

cārvāka

m. (for ru-v- equals cārvāc- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order c/āru-) Name of a rākṣasa- (friend of duryodhana-, who took the shape of a mendicant Brahman, when yudhiṣṭhira- entered hāstina-pura- in triumph, and reviled him, but was soon detected and killed by the real Brahmans)

catuḥśruti

mfn. (in music) having 4 intervals.

caturantā

f. "the earth", in compound caturanteśa teśa- m. "earth-lord", a king

(or catur-anteśa- equals -dig-īśa- q.v Scholiast or Commentator)

caturbhṛṣṭi

mfn. four-pointed

caturmukha

mfn. four-pointed (an arrow)

catuṣpad

mfn. (a judicial procedure) consisting of 4 processes (viz. plea, defence, rejoinder, and sentence)

catuṣpadī

f. "a female quadruped", in compound , catuṣpadīgamana dī-gamana- n. intercourse with a female quadruped

catuṣpadīgamana

n. intercourse with a female quadruped

cātuṣprāharika

mfn. presented (as gifts) on 4 occasions

cāy

(see 2.and3. ci-) cl.1. c/āyati- (imperfect tense acāyat-

etc.; Aorist acāyīt-,or acāsīt-

;1. sg. acāyiṣam-

; ind.p. cāyitv/ā-), to observe, perceive, notice (see

)

; to fear, be afraid of (accusative)

: A1. (pr. p. 1. c/āyamāna-) to behave respectfully

: Intensive cekīyate-

; ([ see c/eru-,, .])

ced

ind. (

ca id-) (never found at the beginning of a sentence or verse) equals ca-,"and"

(c/ed-ca-,"as well as")

ced

ind. na ced- (gaRa cādi-,also separated by the verb[

]or the verb preceded by na-placed at the end of the sentence[

] , rarely cen na-in reversed order beginning the apodosis

) "if not" (equals no ced-forming a sentence by itself.

)

ced

ind. no ced- (gaRa cādi-) idem or 'ind. na ced- (gaRa cādi-,also separated by the verb[ ]or the verb preceded by na-placed at the end of the sentence[ ] , rarely cen na-in reversed order beginning the apodosis ) "if not" (equals no ced-forming a sentence by itself. ) ' (forming a sentence by itself. exempli gratia, 'for example' dūram apasara no ced dhantavyo 'si mayā-,"depart to a distance, if not id est if thou departest not, thou art to be killed by me")

;

ced

ind. no ced- exceptionally equals na ced- (beginning a sentence)

cekitāna

mfn. See 4. cit-, Intensive

cekitāna

mfn. intelligent (śiva-)

cekriya

mfn. (1. kṛ-, Intensive) active, industrious

cekrīyita

n. the characteristic of the Intensive verb

ceṣṭita

mfn. frequented

cetana

mf(/ī-)n. percipient, conscious, sentient, intelligent

etc.

cetana

m. an intelligent being, man

cetanā

f. consciousness, understanding, sense, intelligence

etc. (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' [f(ā-).]

) (see a--, niś--, puru-c/et-, vi--, sa--, s/u--).

cetanatā

f. the state of a sentient or conscious being, intelligence.

cetas

n. (

) consciousness, intelligence, thinking soul, heart, mind

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'

etc.)

cetomukha

mfn. one whose mouth is intelligence,

chadman

n. (in dramatic language) deceitful intelligence or tidings

chagalāntrikā

f. Argyreia speciosa or argentea (ajāntrī-)

chalana

n. (in dramatic language) contempt (avamānana-),

chandagati

f. interpretation of the veda- (nda-for ndas)

chandas

n. intention, purport

chandoga

m. ( gai-) "singer in metre", chanter of the

, udgātṛ- priest

etc.

cheda

m. interruption, vanishing, cessation, deprivation, want,

etc.

chedi

m. a carpenter

chektokti

f. indirect speech, hint, double entendre

chid

cl.7. chin/atti-, chintte- (imperative n/attu-;2. sg. ndh/i-[ confer, compare

];2. dual number nt/am-; subjunctive 1. sg. n/adai-; Potential ndet-

; cl.9. 1. sg. chinnāmi-

; imperfect tense 2. sg. achinad-,or nas-

; perfect tense ciccheda-, cchide-; parasmE-pada cchidvas-,

; Aorist acchidat-or acchaitsīt-[ subjunctive ch-

etc.]

;2. sg. chitsi-

;1. plural chedma-

; A1. acchitta-and 2. sg. tthās-[ subjunctive ch-

; future chetsyati-,

; ind.p. chittvā- infinitive mood chettum-; Passive voice chidyate-;

See /a-cchidyamāna-; Aorist /acchedi-and chedi-

) to cut off, amputate, cut through, hew, chop, split, pierce

etc. ; to divide, separate from (ablative;exceptionally instrumental case

)

; to destroy, annihilate, efface, blot out

etc. ; (in mathematics) to divide

: Passive voice to be split or cut, break

: Causal chedayati- (Aorist acicchidat-) to cut off.

; to cause to cut off or through

: Desiderative See cicchitsu- : Intensive cecchidīti- (

), dyate- (

Va1rtt. 2

) ; future Ist ditā-,

Va1rtt. 2

; ([ confer, compare , etc.; Latin scindo; Gothic skeida.])

chidrāntar

m. "internally hollow", reed

chikkāra

m. a kind of antelope

chinna

mfn. interrupted, not contiguous

chinnabhakta

mfn. "having one's meals interrupted", starving

chinnaśāsa

mfn. breathing at irregular intervals

chinnaśāsa

m. interrupted or irregular breathing,

chup

cl.6. pati- (see

) to touch

: Intensive cocchupyate-

Va1rtt. 2

; see a-cchuptā-.

cl.5. cin/oti-, nute- (1. plural cinumas-and nmas-

; perf. cikāya-and cicāya-,

;2. cicetha-,

;3. plural ciky/ur-

; parasmE-pada cikivas-

; A1. cikye-and cicye-

; parasmE-pada cikyān/a-

v; 2nd future parasmE-pada ceṣyat-

; 1st future cetā-

; Aorist acaiṣīt-

;Ved. cikayām akar-,

;1. sg. acaiṣam-,2. sg. acais-

;3. plural acaiṣur-

; A1. aceṣṭa-

; preceding ceṣīṣṭa-

, or cīyāt-,

; ind.p. citv/ā-

etc.; Passive voice cīyate-

etc.; future cāyiṣyate-& ceṣy- Conditional acāyiṣyata-& aceṣy-

) to arrange in order, heap up, pile up, construct (a sacrificial altar; P.,if the priests construct the altar for another; A1.,if the sacrificer builds it for himself)

; to collect, gather together, accumulate, acquire for one's self

; to search through (for collecting; see 2. ci-)

(

) ; to cover, inlay, set with

; Passive voice cīyate-, to become covered with

; to increase, thrive

(

) : Causal cayayati- and capay-, to heap up, gather

; cāyayati- and cāpay-

: Desiderative cikīṣate- (also ti-,

) to wish to pile up

; cicīṣati- (

[ed. vivīṣ-]

) to wish to accumulate or collect

: Desiderative Causal (parasmE-pada cicīṣayat-) to cause any one to wish to arrange in order

: Intensive cecīyate-

Ved. cl.3. (ciketi-,fr. ki-

; imperative ciketu-

; subjunctive A1. c/iketa-; imperfect tense aciket-

; Aorist 2. plural A1. /acidhvam-

;3. sg. acait-; cikayām akaḥ-[fr.4. cit-

) to observe, perceive (with accusative or genitive case)

; to fix the gaze upon, be intent upon

; to seek for

: Class. cl.5. cinoti- (parasmE-pada nvat-, A1. nvāna-) to seek for, investigate, search through, make inquiries (confer, compare 1. ci-)

: Intensive cekite- See 4. cit-; ([ confer, compare Latin scio.])

cicchitsu

mfn. ( chid- Desiderative) intending to cut off

cid

ind. even, indeed, also (often merely laying stress on a preceding word;requiring a preceding simple verb to be accentuated[

] as well as a verb following, if cid-is preceded by an interrogative pronoun [48];in Class. only used after interrogative pronouns and adverbs to render them indefinite, and after jātu- q.v)

cidātman

m. pure thought or intelligence,

cikāriṣu

mfn. (1. kṛ-, Causal Desiderative) intending to have made (or built)

cikhyāpayiṣā

f. ( khyā-, Causal Desiderative) the intention to communicate

cikīrṣā

f. (

) intention or desire to make or do or perform (generally in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

(with genitive case)

cikīrṣita

n. "intended to be done, designed", purpose, design, intention

cikīrṣu

mfn. (

) intending to make or do or perform (with accusative or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

cikīrṣya

mfn. to be wished to be done, to be intended

cintāratna

n. equals -maṇi-, only in cintāratnāyita tnāyita- n. impersonal or used impersonally represented as a gem yielding all desires

cintita

n. intention

cipiṭa

mf(ā-)n. blunted, flattened, flat

cirasaṃvṛddha

mfn. long grown or augmented

cit

cl.1. c/etati- (imperfect tense acetat-

; parasmE-pada c/etat-

) cl.2. (A1. Passive voice 3. sg. cit/e-,

; parasmE-pada f. instrumental case citantyā-,

; A1. citāna-,

) cl.3. irreg. cīhetati- (

; subjunctive ciketat-

; imperative 2. sg. cikiddhi-

; parasmE-pada cikitān/a-

; perf. cik/eta-

etc.; ciceta-

;3. dual number cetatur-

; A1.and Passive voice cikit/e-

etc.;3. plural tre-

;for parasmE-pada cikitv/as-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order; A1. Passive voice cicite-

; Aorist acetīt-

; A1. Passive voice /aceti-and c/eti-

;for acait-See 2. ci-; future 1st c/ettā-,

) to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive, observe, take notice of (accusative or genitive case)

; to aim at, intend, design (with dative case)

; to be anxious about, care for (accusative or genitive case),

; to resolve,

; to understand, comprehend, know (perf. often in the sense of proper)

; P. A1. to become perceptible, appear, be regarded as, be known

: Causal cet/ayati-, te- (2. plural cet/ayadhvam- subjunctive cetayat- imperative 2. dual number cetayethām- imperfect tense /acetayat-

;3. plural cit/ayante-

; parasmE-pada cit/ayat-

(eleven times); cet/ayat-,

; A1. cetayāna-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) to cause to attend, make attentive, remind of.

; to cause to comprehend, instruct, teach

; to observe, perceive, be intent upon

; A1. (once P.

) to form an idea in the mind, be conscious of, understand, comprehend, think, reflect upon

; P. to have a right notion of. know

; P. "to recover consciousness", awake

; A1. to remember, have consciousness of (accusative)

; to appear, be conspicuous, shine

: Desiderative c/ikitsati- (fr. kit-

;exceptionally A1.

; imperative tsatu- subjunctive tsāt- Aorist 2. sg. /acikitsīs-

; Passive voice parasmE-pada cikitsyamāna-

) to have in view, aim at, be desirous

; to care for, be anxious about,

; (

) to treat medically, cure

; to wish to appear

: Causal of Desiderative (future cikitsayiṣyati-) to cure

: Intensive cekite- (fr.2. ci-?,or for tte-

; parasmE-pada c/ekitat-,

; A1. c/ekitāna-

eight times) to appear, be conspicuous, shine

cit

f. thought, intellect, spirit, soul

citra

n. various modes of writing or arranging verses in the shape of mathematical or other fanciful figures (syllables which occur repeatedly being left out or words being represented in a shortened form)

citrabhānu

mfn. Calotropis gigantea

citrabhitti

f. a painted wall, picture on a wall

citrabhūta

mfn. painted or decorated

citraga

mf(ā-)n. represented in a picture

citragṛha

n. a painted room or one ornamented with pictures

citrajavanikā

f. a painted curtain,

citraka

m. a painter

citrakara

m. (

) a painter (son of an architect by a śūdra- woman

;or by a gāndhikī-

Paddh.)

citrākṛti

f. a painted resemblance, portrait, picture

citralikhita

mfn. painted

citramṛga

m. the spotted antelope

citrāṅga

m. of an antelope

citrāśva

m. "having painted horses", satyavat- (as fond of painting horses)

citratala

mfn. painted or variegated on the surface

citratūlikā

f. a painter's brush

citrita

mfn. made variegated, decorated, painted

citta

n. intention, aim, wish

etc.

citta

n. intelligence, reason

cittābhijvalana

n. illumination by intellect

cittajña

mfn. knowing the heart or the intentions of (genitive case), knowing human nature

( cittajñatā -tā- f.abstr.)

cittākūta

n. sg. thought and intention

cittanirvṛti

f. contentment of mind, happiness

(varia lectio)

cittavatkartṛka

mfn. (art.) employing an intelligent agent

citti

f. intention (along with, /ākūti-)

cittin

mfn. intelligent

codita

mfn. enjoined, fixed, appointed

cukṣobhayiṣu

mfn. ( kṣubh-, Causal Desiderative) intending to shake or disturb

cūrṇīcikīrṣu

mfn. intending to pulverise

cūṣ

cl.1. ṣati-, to suck, suck out

: Passive voice ṣyate-, to be sucked up or dried up (by internal inflammation)

: Causal ṣayati-, to suck up,

; see saṃ--.

cyautna

n. enterprise, contrivance, strength (

)

cyu

cl.1. cy/avate- (Epic also ti-; subjunctive 1. sg. cy/avam-

;3. plural cyavanta-,

future cyoṣyate-

; Aorist 2. plural acyoḍhvam-[ subjunctive cy-,

] and preceding cyoṣīḍhvam-

) to move to and fro, shake about

; to stir, move from one's place, go away, retire from (ablative), turn off;

;

; to deviate from (ablative), abandon (duty etc. ablative;exceptionally genitive case

infinitive mood cyavitum-)

; to come forth from, come out of. drop from, trickle, stream forth from (ablative; see 2. cyut-),

; to fall down, fall, slide from (ablative),

; to fall from any divine existence (so as to be re-born as a man)

; to die

; "to fall from", be deprived of, lose (with ablative)

(Aorist acyoṣṭa-) ; to fall away, fade away, disappear, vanish, perish

; to fail

; to sink down, sink (literally and figuratively)

; (in the series of re-births)

; to decrease (with instrumental case)

; to bring about, create, make

(perfect tense 2. sg. cicyuṣ/e- see

);

(perfect tense cucyuv/e-) ; to cause to go away, make forget

; Causal cyāv/ayati- (once cyav-

always cyav-, parasmE-pada cyāv/ayat-

; imperfect tense acucyavur-,

; perfect tense cyāvayām āsa-

) P. to cause to move, shake, agitate

; A1. to be moved or shaken

; P. to loosen,

; to remove from a place, drive away from (ablative)

; to cause (rain, v/ṛṣṭim-) to fall

; to deprive any one (accusative) of (accusative)

; Intensive (imperfect tense 2. plural acucyavītana-) to shake

: Causal Desiderative cicyāvayiṣati- or cucy-

dā

cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati-

etc.; A1. datte-

;1. sg. dadmi-

; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i-

; deh/i-[

]

;2. plural d/adāta-

, tana-

, datt/a-

etc.;2. dual number tt/am-

etc.; Potential dady/āt-

etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur-

;2. dual number /adattam-

etc.;2. plural ttana-,

, /adadāta-

; subjunctive d/adat-

, das-

dan-

parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas-

etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-,

; n/a-,

; sg. dadati-,

; plural danti-,

; imperative da-,

; data-

; Potential det-

; imperfect tense /adadat-

; A1. sg. d/adate-

; plural dante-,

; imperative sg. datām-

; dasva-

etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta-

; parasmE-pada d/adamāna-

; Aorist /adāt-[

], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas-

[ confer, compare

]; Potential 1. plural deṣma-

; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o-

etc.; Passive voice d/e-,

; dadade-, dāte-, dire-

; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas-

, ṣām-

; Nominal verb dv/ān-,

; dāvan-

; accusative div/āṃsam-,

[ confer, compare

]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at-

; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye-

; preceding deyāt-

; infinitive mood dāv/ane-

; d/ātos-,

; tave-,

; d/ātav/ai-[

]

; tum-,

etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[

]

; ttv/ā-

etc.; -d/āya-[

]

etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[

]; parasmE-pada y/amāna-

; Aorist adāyi-

; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-,

) cl.1. d/āti- (

; imperative tu-,

; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 3

) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage

etc. ; to hand over

; (with haste-)

; to give back,

; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"

; ṛṇam-,"a debt",

) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat")

; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass")

and

; to sell (with instrumental case of the price),

; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."

; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief",

) ; to offer (an oblation etc.)

etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas-

), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram-

etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth,

; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ]

) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood)

; to permit sexual intercourse

; to place, put, apply (in med.)

etc. ; to add

; with varam-,"to grant a boon"

etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief",

; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter"

etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life"

; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands

; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm

tālam-, to beat time with the hands

; saṃjñām-, to make a sign

; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment

samayam-, to propose an agreement

; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ]

; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum

; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out

; śāpam-, to utter a curse

etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire '

; anuyātram-, to accompany

; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace,

; jhampam-, to jump

; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha-

; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow

; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with

; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command,

; saṃdeśam-, to give information

; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation

vṛtim-, to fence in

; darśanam-, to show one's self

; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case)

; karṇam-, to give ear, listen

; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case)

; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand

; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters

pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire

; śāram-, to move a chess-man

; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar

; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case)

; padam-, to tread upon [loc.]

; to direct the steps

; viṣam-, to poison

(with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire '

(with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve

; to show

(Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś-

) : Causal dāpayati- (

; Aorist adīdapat-,

) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore

etc. ; to demand from (ablative)

; to cause to utter or speak

ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known

; to cause to place or advance,

; to cause to perform,

to cause to be put on (locative case)

: Desiderative d/itsati- (

; parasmE-pada d/idāsat-

; d/itsat-,

; Potential tseyam-

; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha-

; confer, compare

) to wish to give, be ready to bestow

etc. ; to wish to give in marriage

etc.: Intensive dedīyate-

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.])

dabh

or dambh- cl.1. (subjunctive d/abhat-and bhāti-

; plural bhanti-,

, bhan-,

and

; Potential bheyam-

and cl.5.) dabhn/oti- ("to go"

; imperative nuhi-

; see A1., Passive voice dabhyate-

; perfect tense dadābha-,

; d/ambha-[

]

; plural debhur-[

Va1rtt. 4

]

;also dadambhur-and 2.sg. debhitha-or dadambhitha-

; Aorist plural dadabhanta-

; adambhiṣur-

) to hurt, injure, destroy

; to deceive, abandon

: Causal (subjunctive and p. damebh/ayat-;2. sg. yas-, ya-) to destroy

; dambhayati- or dābh-, to impel

; dambkayate-, to accumulate,

: Desiderative d/ipsati- (subjunctive [

] and parasmE-pada d/ipsat-) to intend to injure or destroy

; dhips-, dhīps-, didambhiṣati- Pa1n2. 7-2, 49 and 4, 56 (i, 2, 10

)

dadh

(reduplicated of dhā-), cl.1. dhate-, to hold

; to give

: Intensive 2. sg. imperative dādaddhi-

dadhidhenu

f. a cow represented by d/adhi- (offered to priests)

dāḍimīvat

mfn. planted with pomegranate trees

dagdha

mfn. tormented, pained, consumed by grief or hunger, distressed

dah

cl.1.P. dahati- (Epic also A1.; parasmE-pada d/ahati- imperfect tense /adahat-; Aorist adhāk-

; 1 . sg. kṣam-

;3. plural kskur-

; subjunctive dhāk-

;2. sg. dhakṣi-,

; parasmE-pada dh/akṣat-[also Nominal verb m.],

d/ahṣat-,

; future dhakṣyati-[

]

[ Potential dhakṣyet-,

] etc.; dahiṣy-,

; infinitive mood dagdhum-) to burn, consume by fire, scorch, roast

etc. ; to cauterise

; to consume, destroy completely

etc. ; to torment, torture, pain, distress, disturb, grieve

etc.: Passive voice dahyate- (ti-

) ; to be burnt, burn, be in flames

etc. ; to be consumed by fire or destroyed

; to be inflamed (a wound)

; to be consumed by internal heat or grief, suffer pain, be distressed or vexed

etc. ; Causal dāhayati- to burn or be burned

etc. ; to cause to be cooked

(Aorist plural adīdahan-): Desiderative didhakṣati- (confer, compare kṣā-, kṣu-) to be about to burn or consume or destroy

(parasmE-pada kṣamāṇa-): Desiderative Causal (parasmE-pada kṣayat-) to cause any one to make efforts to burn

: Intensive dandahīti-, hyate- (

) to burn or destroy completely

(imperative dagdhi-)

; A1. to be burnt completely

[ confer, compare Lithuanian degu4,"I am hot"; Gothic dag-s; Old German ta1h-t,"a wick"]

dāha

m. internal heat, fever

dāhavadānya

mfn. burning intensely,

daivakovida

mfn. acquainted with the destinies of men

dākṣa

m. or n. the south (in dākṣasyāyana ṣasyāyana- n.the sun's progress towards south, the winter solstice and sacrifice then performed

[ varia lectio dakṣ-])

dakṣa

mf(ā-)n. able, fit, adroit, expert, clever, dexterous, industrious, intelligent

etc.

dakṣa

mf(ā-)n. strong, heightening or strengthening the intellectual faculties (soma-), ix f.

dakṣiṇāyana

n. "sun's progress south of the equator", the winter half-year

dakṣiṇāyana

mfn. situated in the sun's winter course (as an asterism)

daṃś

cl.1. (originally cl.6.) d/aśati- (

; A1.

; parasmE-pada d/aśat-

etc.; perfect tense dadaṃśa-; plural śur-

; parasmE-pada dadaśv/as-

; future daṅkṣyati-

; daṃṣṭā-

;1. plural daśiṣyāmas-

; Aorist adāṅkṣīt-

; plural ṣur-

; ind.p. daṃṣṭvā-

; cl.1. daṃśati-

) to bite

etc.: Causal to cause to bite

; to cause to be bitten by (instrumental case)

: Intensive dandaśyate-, śīti-

; dandaṣṭi-, daṃṣṭi-

; parasmE-pada d/andaśāna- (confer, compare ś/ūka-) repeatedly biting

: Causal of Intensive (ind.p. dandaśayitvā-) causing to be bitten by (instrumental case)

; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic tahyan.])

daṇḍakālasaka

m. a kind of dysentery

daṇḍapāla

m. superintendent of punishment or judicature See pṛthivī--

daṇḍapālaka

m. superintendent of punishment or judicature See pṛthivī--

dandhvana

m. ( dhvan-, dhen-, Intensive)"whistler" , a kind of cane

dandramaṇa

mfn. fr. Intensive of dram-

ḍaṅgara

m. throwing (or"an expression of contempt")

(also ḍiṅg-)

dantakāṣṭha

m. Name of various trees the wood of which is used for cleaning the teeth (Flacourtia sapida

;Asclepias gigantea, Ficus indica, Acacia Catech, Pongamia glabra, Terminalia alata)

dānu

m. prosperity, contentment

daridra

mf(ā-)n. ( drā-, Intensive

Va1rtt. 2) roving, strolling

(r/idra-)

darśana

n. contemplating

darśana

n. apprehension, judgement

discernment, understanding, intellect

etc.

darśana

n. intention (see pāpa--)

darśanārtha

mfn. intending to see any one

dārśanika

mf(ī-)n. (fr. darśana-) acquainted or connected with the darśana-s or philosophical systems

darśanīya

m. Asclepias gigantea

dāruṇa

mf(ā-,once ī-)n. intense, violent

etc.

daśapaśu

mfn. intended for 10 oxen

dāśapati

m. the chief of fishermen

(printed dās-).

dāśvadhvara

mfn. intent on sacrificial oblations

datta

mfn. (1. dā-) given, granted, presented

etc.

dattanṛtyopahāra

mfn. presented with the compliment of a dance

dattavara

mfn. presented with the choice of a boon

dattavara

mfn. granted as a boon,

ḍavittha

m. Name of a man (named along with ḍittha-; see ḍāmbhiṭṭa-)

(kapittha-

)

a wooden antelope

day

cl.1 A1. d/ayate- (parasmE-pada d/ayamāna-

etc.; Aorist adayiṣṭa-.

; perfect tense yāṃ cakre-

) to divide, impart, allot (with genitive case,

; accusative

) ; to partake, possess

; to divide asunder, destroy, consume

; to take part in, sympathize with, have pity on (accusative,

; genitive case

) ; to repent

; to go

: Causal (Potential dayayet-) to have pity on (genitive case)

: Intensive dandayyate-, dād-

; see ava--, nir-ava--, vi--.

dedīpyamāna

( dīp-, Intensive) shining intensely, glowing, blazing

dedīyitavai

dative case infinitive mood of 1. dī-, Intensive

dehambhara

mfn. intent (only) upon nourishing the body or prolonging life

deṣṭavya

mfn. to be pointed out or shown or declared

deṣṭṛ

m. pointer, indicator (kupatha--

)

deśya

mfn. to be pointed or picked out, excellent in its kind, standard

devahita

mfn. (v/a--) arranged or appointed or settled by the gods

devasabhya

m. frequenter of clubs or assemblies

deya

mfn. (1. dā-) to be given or presented or granted or shown

dhā

cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e-

etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[

]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-,

plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta-

; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[

], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare

] or dhattāt-

;2. plural dhatt/a-,

, dhattana-,

, d/adhāta-,

,or tana-,

[ confer, compare

]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e-

and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-,

or dhats/e-

dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate-

; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-,

[

]; Potential d/adhīta-

dadhīt/a-,

; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-,

or dadhiṣva-,

;2. plural dhaddhvam-[

]or dadhidhvam-

,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām-

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te-

; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti-

; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta-

(pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur-

etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe-

;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-,

,or dhire-,

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur-

etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana-

; 2. sg. dhāyīs-

; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare

];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu-

; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe-

;3. sg. ahita-, hita-

; subjunctive dh/ethe-

, dhaithe-,

; imperative dhiṣv/ā-,

; P. adhat-

; dhat-

; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha-

; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata-

; Potential dhiṣīya-

[

]; dheṣīya-

; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā-

etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum-

etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai-

;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā-

; hitvā-[

], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām-

: Passive voice dhīy/ate-

etc.[

] , p. dhīy/amāna-

; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi-

[

]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[

]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case)

etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case

,with genitive case

];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal

) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove)

; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-)

; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case)

etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share

) ; to appoint, establish, constitute

; to render (with double accusative)

; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute

etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes)

etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ])

; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo

: Causal -dhāpayati-

(See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- (

) , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case)

(Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present

; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-,

)

: with avady/am-, to bid defiance

(confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate-

[ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.]

dhairya

n. (1. dh/īra-) intelligence, forethought (opp. to mālvya-)

dham

or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te-

; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas-

; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire-

; Aorist adhmāsīt-

; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati-

; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya-

) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma-

]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument)

etc. ; to blow into (locative case)

; to breathe out, exhale

; to kindle a fire by blowing

; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing

etc. ; to blow or cast away

: Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- (

) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati-

(Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate-

) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder

: Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate-

; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell)

[ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"]

dhammala

m. the breast ornamented with gold or jewels (see milla-)

dhammilla

m. a woman's braided and ornamented hair wound round the head

(

wrong reading dhamilla-)

dhammillaka

mf(ā-)n. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' a woman's braided and ornamented hair wound round the head

(satr-.

wrong reading dhamilla-)

dhana

n. the prize of a contest or the contest itself (literally a running match, race, or the thing raced for; hit/aṃ- dhānam-,a proposed prize or contest; dhanaṃ-ji-,to win the prize or the fight)

dhana

n. capital (opp. to vṛddhi-interest)

dhanasthānādhikārin

m. "superintendent of treasury"a treasurer

dhānyadhenu

f. a heap of rice (like a cow) to be presented to a Brahman

(see -gava-).

dhāraṇā

f. understanding, intellect

dhārayat

mf(antī-)n. acquainted with, versed in

dharmapara

mfn. intent on virtue, pious, righteous

dharmapratirūpaka

m. counterfeit of virtue

dharmārthadarśin

mfn. having an eye to duty and interest or to religion and wealth

dharmārthapratibaddhatā

f. attachment to duty and interest or to religion and wealth

dharmārthayukta

mfn. conformable to duty and interest, Apast.

dharmavyādha

m. "the righteous hunter", Name of a Brahman changed into a hunter in consequence of a curse

(according to the

of a Brahman killer born as a hunter from the body of vasu-, king of kaśmīra-) .

dharmavyavasthā

m. judicial decision, decisive sentence

dhātreyikā

f. foster-sister (a sort of confidante)

dhātvavaropaṇa

n. depositing of relics (inside a Dagaba or stūpa-)

(printed tvāva-and dhyānāva-).

ḍhauk

cl.1 A1. kate- (perfect tense ḍuḍhauke-[

]

), to approach (with accusative)

: Causal ḍhaukayati- (Aorist aḍuḍhaukat-

), to bring near (to genitive case), cause to come near, offer, to any one (dative case)

: Desiderative ḍuḍkaukiṣate-

: Intensive ḍoḍhaukyate-,

Va1rtt. 1

; see upa-.,

dhāv

cl.1 P. A1. dhāvati-, te- (perfect tense dadhāva-

; Aorist -adhāviṣṭa-

; ind.p. dhautvā-

[ varia lectio dhūtvā-]and -dhāvya-,

) to rinse, cleanse, wash, purify, polish, make bright (A1.also to rub one's self with, rub into one's own person)

etc. etc.: Passive voice dhāvyate- (perfect tense 3. plural -dadhāvire-)

: Causal dhavayati-, te-, to cleanse, wash

etc. ; cause to be washed

: Desiderative didhāviṣati-, te- ; Intensive dādhāvyate- grammar

dhavalagṛha

n. the upper story of a house (painted white)

dhe

cl.1 P. (

) dh/ayati-

etc. (perfect tense dadhau-,3. plural dh/ur-

; Aorist -adhāt-

; adhāsīt-or adadhat-

; preceding dheyāt-,

; future dhāsyati-

, dhātā- grammar; dative case infinitive mood dh/ātave-

; ind.p. dhītv/ā-and -dh/īya-

; -dhāya- grammar) to suck, drink, suck or drink in, take to one's self, absorb, appropriate

etc. etc.: Passive voice dhīyate- grammar : Causal dhāp/ayāte- (confer, compare

Va1rtt. 1

) to give suck, nourish

; ti-

(confer, compare anu-- dhe-) ; Aorist adīdhapat- grammar : Desiderative dhitsati-

: Intensive dedhīyate-, dādheti-, and dādhāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fe1-lare; Gothic dadd-jan; German ta1-an,ta1-jan.])

dhenukā

f. a vein which when cut bleeds only at intervals

dhī

cl.3 A1. dīdhīte-, etc.

(see dīdhī-;the forms dhīmahi-and /adhāyi-belong rather to1. dhā-; perfect tense dīdhaya-, dhima-, dhiyur-or dhyur-, dhire-

) to perceive, think, reflect ; wish, desire: Intensive dedhyat-

dhī

f. understanding, intelligence, wisdom (personified as the wife of rudra-manyu-

), knowledge, science, art

dhī

f. mind, disposition, intention, design (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' intent upon

)

dhīdā

f. intelligence, understanding

dhik

ind., used as a prefix or as an interjection of reproach, menace or displeasure = fie! shame! out upon! what a pity! etc. (with accusative,rarely genitive case vocative case or Nominal verb)

etc. (also dhig dhik-, aho dhik-, hā dhik-, hā dhik kaṣṭam-, hā hā dhik-etc.; dhik tvām-or tava-[also with astu-]shame upon you!)

dhikkāra

m. reproach, contempt, scoffing

dhikkṛta

n. plural reproach, contempt

dhīmat

mfn. intelligent, wise, learned, sensible

etc.

dhīra

mf(/ī-or ā-)n. intelligent, wise, skilful, clever, familiar with, versed in (locative case)

etc. etc. (Comparative degree dh/īra-tara-

)

dhīrya

n. intelligence, prudence

dhiṣ

cl.3 P. didheṣṭi-, to sound

(Probably invented to explain dhiṣaṇā-,speech, hymn;according to

= dhā-1,from which it seems to be a kind of Desiderative equals d/idhiṣati-.)

dhīśakti

f. mental or intellectual faculty

dhiṣaṇa

mfn. intelligent, wise

dhiṣaṇā

f. a sort of soma--vessel, a cup, goblet, bowl figuratively the soma- juice itself and its effects

(dual number the two bowls or worlds id est heaven and earth; plural heaven, earth and the intermediate atmosphere

)

dhiṣaṇa

m. knowledge, intelligence (generally in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

(see agādha--[add.], bodha--, viśuddha--)

dhiṣaṇa

n. understanding, intellect

dhiṣṇīya

mfn. intended for or belonging to the dhiṣṇya-s or fire-places

dhīti

f. thought, idea, reflection, intention, devotion, prayer (plural also personified; see 2. dhī-)

etc.

dhīvat

(dh/ī--) mfn. intelligent or devout

dhoraṇī

dhoraṇi f. an uninterrupted series, tradition

dhoraṇi

dhoraṇī f. an uninterrupted series, tradition

dhṛ

cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (

; A1. Potential dhareran-

), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu-

]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e-

etc.; Aorist adhāram-

; adhṛta-, dhṛthās-

; /adīdharat-

etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta-

;3. plural rata-

]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati-

; ṣy/e-

; dhartā-

; infinitive mood dhartum-

, tavai-

[ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya-

) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo

etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive

etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist

etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case)

etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to)

; to present to (genitive case)

; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case)

; A1. to be ready or prepared for

; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case)

(confer, compare

) ; to prolong (in pronunciation)

; to quote, cite

; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-)

etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case)

(also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow

; (with raśmīn-[

] or praharān-[

]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty

; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow

etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control

; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance

; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly

; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure

etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember

; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact

(Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady

etc. ; continue living, exist, remain

etc. (also dhāryate-

) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood)

: Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate-

; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-)

: Intensive d/ardharti- (

) and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati-

; confer, compare

) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.]

dhṛṣ

cl.5 P. dhṛṣṇ/oti-

etc. ; cl.1 P. dh/arṣati-

(parasmE-pada dhṛṣ/at-, ṣ/amāṇa-

; ṣāṇ/a-.

; perf. dadh/arṣa-

etc.;3. plural dādhṛṣur-

; subjunctive dadharṣat-, ṣati-, ṣīt-

; dadhṛṣate-, ṣanta-

; parasmE-pada dadhṛṣv/as-

; Aorist adhṛṣas-

, adhaṣiṣur-

; future dharṣiṣyati-, ṣitā- grammar; ind.p. -dhṛṣya-

; infinitive mood -dh/ṛṣas-, ṣi-

), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud

; to dare or venture (infinitive mood in tum-

) ; to dare to attack, treat with indignity (accusative)

; to surpass (?)

: Causal dharṣayati- (

; Aorist adīdhṛṣat-,or adadharṣat- grammar) to venture on attacking ; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome

: Desiderative didharṣiṣati-: Intensive darīdhṛṣyate- or darīdharṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend dareS; Greek , ; literally dristu; Gothic ga-dars, Anglo-Saxon dors-te, Engl. durs-t.])

dhṛtaniścaya

mfn. firmly resolute or intent upon (dative case)

dhṛti

f. satisfaction, content, joy

etc. (tiṃ-kṛ-,to keep ground or stand still

;to find pleasure or satisfaction

; tim-bandh-,to show firmness

;to fix the mind on

)

dhṛtimat

mfn. satisfied, content

dhṛtimaya

mf(ī-)n. consisting of constancy or contentment

dhū

cl.5 P. A1. dhūn/oti-, nut/e-

; dhunoti-, nute-

etc. ; cl.6 P. (

) dhuvati-

(confer, compare ni--; Potential dhūvet-

) ; cl.9 P. A1. (

) Potential dhunīyāt-

; parasmE-pada A1. dhunāna-

; cl.1 P. (

) dhavati- ; cl.2 A1., 3. plural dhuvate- (dhunv/ate-?)

; parasmE-pada dhuvān/a-

(perfect tense dudhāva-

, dhuve-

; dudhuvīta-and dūdhot-

: Aorist adhūṣṭa-,3. plural ṣata-

; adhoṣṭa-, adhaviṣṭa-; adhauṣīt-, adhāvīt- grammar; future dhaviṣyati-, te-

etc.; dhoṣyati-, te-, dhotā-& dhavitā- grammar; ind.p. dhūtvā-

, -dh/ūya-

etc.; infinitive mood dhavitum- grammar) to shake, agitate, cause to tremble

etc. ; to shake down from (exempli gratia, 'for example' fruits [ accusative ] from a tree [ accusative ])

; (oftener A1.) to shake off, remove, liberate one's self from (accusative)

etc. ; to fan, kindle (a fire)

etc. ; to treat roughly, hurt, injure, destroy

; to strive against, resist

: Passive voice dhūy/ate-

etc. (parasmE-pada dhūyat-

): Causal dhāvayati- (

) and dhūnayati- (See dhūna-): Desiderative dudhūṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dodhavīti-

(parasmE-pada dodhuvat d/avidhvat-

) ; dodhūyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna-and yat-

; so shake or move violently (trans. and intr.) ; to shake off or down ; to fan or kindle. [ confer, compare dhav-and dhāv-; Greek , .]

dhūmradhī

mfn. of dimmed or troubled intellect

dhvaṃs

or dhvas- cl.1 P. A1. dhvaṃsati- (to go

), te- (

; perf. dadhvaṃsur-

; dadhvaṃsire-

[also dhvaṃsire-]

; -dadhvase-

; Aorist -dhvas/an-

; adhvaṃsiṣṭa- grammar; future dhvaṃsiṣyate-, sitā-

; ind.p. -dhvasya-

), to fall to pieces or to dust, decay, be ruined, perish

etc. ; to be gone, vanish (only imperative dhvaṃsa-, sata-, satām-)

; to scatter, cover etc. (only dhvasta- q.v): Passive voice dhvasyate- (

) ; ti- (

) to be destroyed, perish: Causal dhvaṃs/ayati-, te-, to scatter

; to destroy, disperse, disturb

; to violate (a woman)

; dhvas/ayati-, to scintillate, sparkle (agni-)

: Desiderative didhvaṃsiṣate- grammar : Intensive danīdhvasyate-, dhvaṃsīti-

[ confer, compare German dunst,tunst; Anglo-Saxon du7st,Engl.dust.]

dhvan

cl.1 P. dhvanati- (perf. dadhvāna-, dadhvanur-

; future dhvaniṣyati-, nitā- grammar) to sound, roar, make a noise, echo, reverberate

etc. ; to mean, imply, (especially Passive voice dhvanyate-,it is meant, it is implied): Causal dhvānayati-

(Aorist adidhvanat-or adadh- grammar), to cause to sound, make resound (confer, compare nayat-below) ; dhvanayati-, to allude to, hint at

commentator or commentary Intensive in dandhvana- q.v ([ confer, compare 1. dhvānt/a-: Lithuanian dunde4ti,to sound, call; Anglo-Saxon dynian,to thunder.])

dhvṛ

cl.1 P. dhv/arati- (

; perf. dadhvāra- grammar; Aorist adhvārṣīt-

;3. plural A1. /adhūrṣata-

; preceding dhvṛṣīṣṭa-

; dhvariṣ- grammar; future dhvariṣyati-, dhvartā-

) to bend, cause to fall, hurt, injure

: Causal dhvārayati- grammar : Intensive dādhvaryate-

: Desiderative dudhvūrṣati- and didhuvariṣati-

[ confer, compare dhūrv-; Gothic dvals; Anglo-Saxon dwellan; English dull,dolt; German toll.]

dhyai

cl.1 P. dhy/āyati- (Epic also te-,or cl.2. dhyāti-; imperative dhyāhi-; Potential dhyāyāt-

; yīta-

; perf. dadhyau-

etc.; Aorist /adhyāsīt-

;3. plural dhyāsur-

; future dhyāsyati-

; dhyātā-

; ind.p. dhyātvā-

; -dhyāya-

; dhyāyam-

) to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect (with or scilicet manasā-or si-, cetasā-, dhiyā-, hṛdaye-etc.)

etc. ; to brood mischief against (accusative)

; (alone) to be thoughtful or meditative

etc. ; to let the head hang down (said of an animal)

: Passive voice dhyāyate-, to be thought of, etc.

; Causal dhyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative didhyāsate-

: Intensive dādhyāyate-, dādhyāti-, dādhyeti- grammar

dhyānaccheda

m. interruption of thought or meditation

dhyānavat

mfn. intent on religious meditation

dhyānin

mfn. contemplative, engaged in religious meditation

dhyāyin

mfn. absorbed in meditation, quite intent upon or engrossed in (compound)

dī

(confer, compare ḍi-) cl.4 P. A1. d/īyati-, te-, to soar, fly

: Intensive infinitive mood d/edīyitav/ai-, to fly away

[ confer, compare ḍī-; Greek , , .]

dī

(dīdī-or dīdi-). cl.3 P. 3. plural dīdyati- (imperative dīdihi-and didīh/i-

; imperfect tense /adīdet-

; perfect tense dīdāya-or(

) dīdaya-; dīd/etha-, didiyus-

; subjunctive dīd/ayati-, yat-

; d/īdayat-

; dīdāyat-

; dīdayante-

; preceding dīdyāsam-

; parasmE-pada Pres. P. d/īdiat- A1. d/īdiāna-, parasmE-pada perfect tense dīv/as-)

to shine, be bright ; to shine forth, excel, please, be admired

; bestow upon (locative case or dative case) by shining

dīdhī

(see 1. dhī-and dhyai-) cl.2 A1. didhīte-, 1. sg. dīdhye- (

), parasmE-pada Pres. d/īdhyat- (

) and d/īdhyānā- (

, often with manasā-) to perceive, think, be intent upon ; to wish, desire.

digdha

mfn. ( dih-) smeared, anointed

digdhahasta

mfn. (a hunter) having (in his hand) or using poisoned arrows

digdhāṅga

mf(ī-)n. having the limbs anointed or smeared with (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

digvidikstha

mfn. situated towards the cardinal and intermediate points, encompassing

dih

cl.2 P. A1. degdhi-, digdhe-

(subjunctive -d/ehat-

; perfect tense dideha-, didihe-

; future dhekṣyati-, degdhā-

; Aorist adhikṣat-, ta-,3. plural ṣur-

; adigdka-

) to anoint, smear, plaster

etc. ; increase, accumulate

: Causal dehayati-, te-

etc. ; Aorist adīdihat-: Desiderative didhikṣati-, te- ; dhīkṣate- (

), to wish to anoint one's self: Intensive dedihyate-, dedegdhi-. ([Fr. originally dhigh-; confer, compare, , ; Latin fingo,figulus,figura; Gothic deigan,gadigis; O.E.da1h; English dough; German Teig.])

dikkara

m. equals sambhu- (granter of space, promoter?)

dina

(accented only

) mn.(gaRa ardharcādi-,only occurring as n.) a day

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' also in Vedic texts) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).

[ confer, compare Latin peren-dinus,nUndinusetc.; Got.sin-teins; Lit.de0na; O.Pr. accusative sg. deinan; Slavonic or Slavonian dr2ni1.]

dinakṛtya

n. equals -kartavya-

(printed diva-k-)

dīp

cl.4 A1. dīpyate- (dīpy/ate-

, dipyati-

perfect tense didīpe-

; future dīpiṣyate-, dīpitā-; Aorist adīpi-, adipiṣṭa- infinitive mood dipitum-

) to blaze, flare, shine, be luminous or illustrious

etc. ; glow, burn (also with anger

): Causal dip/ayati-, te- Aorist adīdipat- or adidipat- (

) to kindle, set on fire, inflame

; illuminate, make illustrious

etc. ; excite, rouse

: Desiderative didīpiṣate-: Intensive dedīpyate-, to blaze fiercely, shine intensely, be very bright

; parasmE-pada dedīpyantī-

dīpa

m. a light, lamp, lantern

dīpavṛkṣa

m. lantern, light

dīpikā

f. a light, lamp, lantern

etc.

dipsu

mfn. ( dabh- Desiderative) intending to hurt or injure

dīptāgra

mfn. flame-pointed,

dīrghāpāṅga

m. Name of an antelope

dīrghaphala

m. Name of plants (Cathartocarpus Fistula, Butea Frondosa, Asclepias Gigantea)

dīrghapuṣpa

m. "having long flowers", Michelia Champaka or Calotropis Gigantea

dīrghatīkṣṇamukha

mf(ī-)n. having a long and pointed mouth (leech)

diś

cl.3 P. d/ideṣṭi- (Imper. d/ideṣṭu-

; cl.6. diś/ati-, te-[later the only present tense stem]; perfect tense did/eśa-, didiś/e-; future dekṣyati-, te-[ deṣṭā-

]; Aorist adikṣat-

etc.; adikṣi-, /adiṣṭa-

; infinitive mood deṣṭum-

etc.; d/iśe-

) to point out, show, exhibit

; to produce, bring forward (as a witness in a court of justice)

; to promote, effect, accomplish

; to assign, grant, bestow upon (dative case

; genitive case

; locative case

) ; to pay (tribute)

; to order, command, bid (infinitive mood)

: Passive voice diśyate-

etc.: Causal deśayati-, te- ; Aorist adīdiśat-, to show, point out, assign

; to direct, order, command

; teach, communicate, tell, inform, confess

: Desiderative didikṣati-, te-, to wish to show etc.: Intensive d/ediṣṭe-, 3. plural śate-, (parasmE-pada f. plural śatīs-) to show, exhibit, manifest

; to order, command

: Passive voice dediśyate-, to show or approve one's self.

[ confer, compare Z.dis; Greek ; Latin di1co,in-dr2careetc.; Gothic teihan; O. E.te4on(fr.ti4han).]

diś

f. quarter or region pointed at, direction, cardinal point

etc. (four in number, viz. prācī-,east; dakṣiṇā-,south; pratici-,west;and udīcī-,north

, dhruvā-

; and a 6th, ūrdhvā-

; and a 7th, vy-adhvā-

; but oftener 8 are given id est the 4 cardinal and the 4 intermediate quarters, S. E., S. W., N. W., and N. E.

[ see upa--]; and even a 9th, and 10th, tiryak-or adhas-and ūrdhvam-

; diśām pati-[ see dik-pati-below]= soma-

,or= rudra-

)

diṣṭa

mfn. shown, pointed out, appointed, assigned (diṣṭā gatis-,"the appointed way" id est death

)

diṣṭa

n. appointed place

diṣṭabhāva

m. "appointed state" id est death

diṣṭabhuj

mfn. reaping the appointed results of one's works

diṣṭānta

m. "appointed end" id est death

ditsā

f. (1. dā- Desiderative) desire or intention of giving

div

cl.4. d/īvyati-, te-

etc. (perf. did/eva-

; future deviṣyati-;cond, adeviṣyat-

; Aorist adevīt-

;etc.; infinitive mood devitum-

etc.; ind.p. devitvā-

; -dīvya-

) to cast, throw, especially dice id est play, gamble (akṣais-

; akṣān-

), with (instrumental case

), for (instrumental case,

; accusative

; dative case

; genitive case [ śatasya-]

) ; to lay a wager, bet with (sārdham-), upon (dative case)

; to play, sport, joke, trifle with (accusative

) ; to have free scope, spread, increase (

vardhati-) ; to shine, be bright [ Zend di1v;(?) Lit. dyvas-]

; to praise, rejoice, be drunk or mad ; to sleep ; to wish for ; to go

: Causal devayati-, to cause to play (Scholiast or Commentator) or to sport

: Desiderative dideviṣati- and dudyūṣati-

: Causal of Desiderative dudyūṣayati-, to incite to play

: Intensive dedivīti-, dedyeti-, dedeti- etc.

divākara

m. Calotropis Gigantea (see ark/a-)

cl.2.4. P. dāti-

etc. ; dy/ati-

etc. (perfect tense 3 plural A1. -dadire-

; Aorist adāsīt-and adāt-

; preceding deyāt-,

; dāyāt-,

; -diṣīya-

; see ava-do-) to cut, divide, reap, mow

etc.: Passive voice dīyate-, prob. to be cast down or, dejected

: Desiderative ditsati-

: Intensive dedīyate-,

(see day-and 3. dā-).

dodhūyamāna

mfn. ( dhu-, Intensive) shaking or trembling violently

dodulyamāna

mfn. ( dul-, Intensive) swinging or being swung repeatedly or violently

dolādhirūḍha

mfn. (lādh-) mounted on a swing

dṝ

cl.9 P. dṛṇāti- Potential -dṛṇīyāt-

; cl.2 P. 2. sg. subjunctive d/arṣi-, 2. 3. sg. d/art- imperfect tense 2. sg. adar-

(perfect tense dad/āra-,[2. sg. dadaritha-

plural dadrur-or dadarur-,

] Aorist adarat-[Ved. adārīt-]

; subjunctive P. darṣasi-, d/arṣat-; A1. darṣate-; Potential ṣīṣṭa-

; preceding dīryāt-

) to burst, break asunder, split open

(confer, compare above) ; to cause to burst, tear, rend, divide

: Passive voice dīryate- (ti-

) , p. dīryamāṇa- and dīryat- ; perfect tense dadre- (

) to be split, break open, fall asunder, decay

; to be dispersed or scattered (as an army)

; to be frightened or afraid (also darati-)

: Causal P. darayati-, to split, tear, break open

; P. A1. dārayati-, te- ; Aorist adadarat- (

) to tear asunder, divide by splitting or digging

etc. ; to scatter, disperse

: Intensive P. d/ardarti- or d/ādarti- ; imperative 2. sg. dādṛh/i- ; subjunctive 3. sg. dardirat- ; imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /adardar-, 3. plural adardirur- = Causal

[ confer, compare Greek and ; Lithuanian diru4; Slavonic or Slavonian drati; Gothic tairan; Anglo-Saxon te0ran; English to@tear; German zerren,zehren.]

drā

cl.2 P. dr/āti- (imperative dr/ātu-, dr/āntu-

; perfect tense dadrur-, parasmE-pada A1. dadrāṇ/a-

; Aorist adrāsīt-; subjunctive drāsat-

), to run, make haste: Causal drāpayati- (Desiderative of Causal d/idrāpayiṣati-)

; Aorist adidrapat-

: Intensive d/aridrāti-

; 3 plural daridrati-

; to run hither and thither ; to be in need or poor: Desiderative of Intensive didaridrāsati- and didaridriṣati-

Va1rtt. 2

[ confer, compare 2. dru-and dram-; Greek , .]

dram

cl.1 P. dr/amati- (

) to run about, roam, wander

; perfect tense dadramur-

: Intensive dandramyate- idem or 'm. or n. a particular high number '

[ confer, compare drā-and 2. dru-; Greek , .]

dṛḍha

mfn. intense, violent, mighty

etc.

dṛḍhamanyu

mfn. having intense anger or grief

dṛḍhavrata

mfn. persevering in, intent upon, devoted to (locative case or compound)

dṛn

ind. an interjection (prob. made to explain dṛnbhū-)

drohāṭa

m. a hunter

droṇampaca

mfn. "cooking a droṇa-", liberal in entertaining

dṛś

(Pres. forms supplied by paś- q.v; perfect tense P. dad/arśa-

etc. [2. sg. dadarśitha-and dadraṣṭha-

]; A1. dadṛś/e-

[ d/adṛśe-,3 plural dṛśre-

; śrire-

]; parasmE-pada P. dadṛśv/as-

; sivas-

; darśivas- q.v; A1. d/adṛśāna-

; future P. -drakṣy/ati-

etc.; A1. ṣyate-and future 2. draṣṭā-

; Aorist P. adarśam-, śas-, śat-,3 plural śur-

; 1 plural adarśma-

; adṛśma-

; subjunctive darśam-, śat-, śathas-

; A1.3 plural /adṛśran-

; śram-

; parasmE-pada dṛśān/a-or d/ṛśāna-[ confer, compare sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]

; P. dṛśan-,3 plural /adṛśan-

; Potential dṛś/eyam-

; śema-

; P. adrākṣit-and adrāk-

; A1.3 plural /adṛkṣata-; subjunctive 2 sg. d/ṛkṣase-

; infinitive mood dṛś/e-and driś/aye-

; dr/aṣṭum-

etc.; ind.p. dṛṣṭv/ā-

etc.[

also dṛśya-], ṭvāya-

; -d/ṛśya-

; -darśam-

) to see, behold, look at, regard, consider

etc. ; to see id est wait on, visit

; to see with the mind, learn, understand

etc. ; to notice, care for, look into, try, examine

; to see by divine intuition, think or find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.)

: Passive voice dṛśy/ate- (Epic also ti-) Aorist ad/arśi-

etc. to be seen, become visible, appear

etc. ; to be shown or manifested, appear as (iva-), prove

etc.: Causal P. A1. darśayati-, te-

etc. ; Aorist adīdṛśat-

; adadarśat-

, to cause to see or be seen, to show a thing (A1. especially of something belonging to one's self) or person (P.and A1.with or scilicet ātmānam-,also one's self) , to (accusative

etc.; genitive case

etc.; dative case

etc.; instrumental case after A1.refl.

) ; to show = prove, demonstrate

etc. ; to produce (money) id est pay

; (a witness) ,

: Desiderative A1. didṛkṣate- (Epic also ti-) to wish to see, long for (accusative)

etc.: Desiderative of Causal didarśayiṣati-, to wish to show

; adidarśayiṣīt-

: Intensive darīdṛśyate-, to be always visible

; darīdarṣṭi- or dard-

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic tarhjan.]

dṛṣṭi

f. the mind's eye, wisdom, intelligence

dṛṣṭimat

mfn. having eyes or intellect, wise, knowing

dru

cl.1. P. (

; Epic also A1.) dr/avati-, te-

etc. (perfect tense dudrāva-

; drotha-, druma-

; druvur-

etc.; Aorist adudruvat-

; drot- subjunctive dudr/avat-

; future droṣyati-

; infinitive mood -drotum-

; ind.p. druṭv/ā-and -drutya-

) to run, hasten, flee

etc. ; to run up to (accusative), attack, assault

; to become fluid, dissolve, melt

: Causal drāv/ayati- (Epic also te-; dravayate-See under drav/a-) to cause to run, make flow

; to make fluid, melt,

; to drive away, put to flight

(Passive voice drāvyate-,

)

: Desiderative dudrūṣati- grammar : Desiderative of Causal dudrāvayiṣati- or dud-

: Intensive dodrūyate- or dodroti- grammar (dodrāva-

) . ([ confer, compare 2. drā-and dram-; Zend dru,drvant.])

(or dū-) cl.1 P. (

) davati- (perfect tense dudāva-; future doṣyati-, dotā-; Aorist adāvīt-or adauṣīt-

), to go: Causal dāvayati- or davayati- (See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) Actually occurring only in subjunctive Aorist daviṣāṇi-

," na d- ebhih- ", (?) I will not go id est have intercourse with them (the dice). [ see , .]

(also written dū-), cl.5. P. cl.4. A1. (

) dunoti-, dūyate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense dudāva-; future doṣyati-; Aorist adauṣīt-; infinitive mood dotum-), to be burnt, to be consumed with internal heat or sorrow (Pres. dunoti-

;but oftener dūyate-,which is at once Passive voice)

etc. ; (only dun/oti-) to burn, consume with fire, cause internal heat, pain, or sorrow, afflict, distress

: Causal dāvayati- Aorist adūduvat-: Desiderative dudūṣati-: Intensive dodūyate-, dodoti-. ([Cf. . for;, pain;Lit.davyti,to torment;Sl.daviti,to worry.])

dū

(also written du-), cl.5. P. cl.4. A1. (

;but oftener dūyate-,which is at once Passive voice)

etc. ; (only dun/oti-) to burn, consume with fire, cause internal heat, pain, or sorrow, afflict, distress

: Causal dāvayati- Aorist adūduvat-: Desiderative dudūṣati-: Intensive dodūyate-, dodoti-. ([Cf. . for;, pain;Lit.davyti,to torment;Sl.daviti,to worry.])

duḥṣama

n. a particular weight (= 6 dānaka-)

(printed ḥ-kh-).

duḥsamatikrama

mfn. difficult to be surmounted

dura

m. (perhaps dṝ-) "one who opens or unlocks", giver, granter (equals dātṛ-

)

durabhiprāya

mfn. having a bad intention

dūrāntara

n. a wide space, long interval

duranujñāta

mfn. badly allowed or granted

dūrārūḍha

mfn. mounted high, far gone or advanced

durāruha

mfn. difficult to be ascended or mounted

durāśis

mfn. having evil wishes or intentions

duravagāha

mfn. difficult to be entered, inaccessible

durbhṛti

f. scanty maintenance or subsistence

durdhī

mfn. having bad intentions, malignant

(see dū-ḍhī-).

durlaṅghana

mfn. difficult to be surmounted or overcome

dūrvāvat

mfn. intertwined or joined with Durb grass

durvijñeya

mfn. hardly conceivable, unintelligible,

durviśa

mfn. difficult to be entered

durvyavasita

n. an evil intention

duryodhanavīryajñānamudrā

f. "mark of knowledge of invincible heroism", a particular intertwining of the fingers

dūṣaṇa

mf(ī-)n. counteracting, sinning against (compound)

(see arā-ti-d-, kula-d-, kṛtyā-d-, khara-d-, loka-d-, viṣa-d-, viṣkandha-d-)

duṣprajñāna

n. want of understanding, weak intellect

duṣprapadana

mfn. difficult to be attained or entered

duṣpraveśa

mfn. difficult to be entered

dūtikā

f. a female messenger, confidante

dvaidha

n. a twofold form or state, duality, duplicity, division, separation into two parts, contest, dispute, doubt, uncertainty

etc.

dvaiguṇika

mf(ī-)n. (fr. dviguṇa-) one who requires the double or cent per cent interest

dvaṃdva

n. strife, quarrel, contest, fight (especially between two persons, a duel)

dveṣakalpa

m. a ceremony intended to cause injury to an enemy,

dvipada

m. a biped, (contemptuously) a man

dvirāṣāḍha

in.an intercalary āṣāḍha- month

dvirudātta

mfn. doubly accented

dvirūpa

m. a word so spelt, variety of interpretation or reading

dviṣ

cl.2 P. A1. dv/eṣṭi-, dviṣṭe- (Epic also dviṣati-, te-; subjunctive dv/eṣat-

; imperfect tense advet-,3. plural adviṣur-and adviṣan-

; perfect tense didveṣa-

; Aorist dvikṣat-, ṣata-(3. sg.)

; future dvekṣyati-, dveṣṭā-

; infinitive mood dveṣṭum-

; dv/eṣṭos-

) to hate, show hatred against (accusative; rarely dative case or genitive case), be hostile or unfriendly

etc. ; to be a rival or a match for

: Passive voice dviṣyate-; Aorist adveṣi- grammar : Causal dveṣayati-

: Desiderative didvikṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dedviṣyate-, dedveṣṭi- or dedviṣīti- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend d2bish; Greek ; German Zwist.])

dviśikha

mfn. two-pointed, forked

dviśruti

mfn. (in music) comprehending 2 intervals.

dvisvara

mfn. doubly accented

dvyagra

mf(ā-)n. 2-pointed, ending in 2 extremities

dvyaṅgula

n. 2 fingers' breadth

(laukarṣam-, lenātk-,or lātk-,in such intervals

)

dvyantara

mf(ā-)n. separated by 2 intermediate links

dvyartha

n. double meaning, double entendre

dvyudātta

mfn. doubly accented

dvyudātta

n. a doubly accented word

dyūna

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' also -ka-) n. the 7th sign of the zodiac reckoning from that which the sun has entered

(see dyuta-and dyuna-).

dyut

cl.1 A1. dy/otate-

(also ti-) etc. (perfect tense didyute-, parasmE-pada tān/a-

[ see

], didy/ota-

; dyutur-.

; Aorist adyutat-and /adidyutat-

; /adyaut-

, adyotiṣṭa-

parasmE-pada P. dyutat- A1. tān/a-or dy/utāna-

; future dyotiṣyati-

; ind.p. dyutitvā-or dyot-

; -dyutya-

) to shine, be bright or brilliant: Causal dyotayati-(te-,

) to make bright, illuminate, irradiate

; to cause to appear, make clear or manifest, express, mean

: Desiderative dedyutiṣati- or didyot-

: Intensive d/avidyot-, 3. plural dyutati-

; dedyutyate-

, to shine, glitter, be bright or brilliant

dyūta

n. (figuratively) battle or fight, contest for (compound)

dyūtāṣyakṣa

m. superintendent of gambling

ind. an interjection

ind. contempt

( ā-i-) P. -eti-, to come near or towards, go near, approach

etc. ; (with and without punar-) to come back, come again to

etc. ; to reach, attain, enter, come into (a state or position)

etc. ; to submit, fall to one's share

(āyayanti-?)

: Intensive A1. (3. dual number -iyāte-;1. plural -īmahe-) to hasten near

; to request

edh

cl.1 A1. /edhate- (rarely P. -ti-), edhāṃ-cakre-, edhitā-, edhiṣyate-, aidhiṣṭa-, to prosper, increase, become happy, grow strong

; to grow big with self-importance, become insolent ; to become intense, extend, spread, gain ground (as fire or passions)

; to swell, rise (as waters)

: Causal edhayati-, to cause to prosper or increase, wish for the welfare or happiness (of any one), bless

ehimāya

mfn. (

) erroneous for /ahi-māya- ([

]),of all-pervading intelligence

ekacinmaya

(cit-m-) mfn. consisting of intelligence only

ekacitta

mfn. thinking of one thing only, intent upon, absorbed in,

ekadhāra

m. a single or uninterrupted current

ekāgra

mfn. one-pointed, having one point, fixing one's attention upon one point or object, closely attentive, intent, absorbed in

etc.

ekāgracitta

mfn. having the mind intent on one object

ekāgratā

f. intentness in the pursuit of one object, close and undisturbed attention

ekāgratva

n. intentness in the pursuit of one object, close and undisturbed attention

ekamukha

mfn. having one chief or superintendent

ekaniścaya

mfn. having the same intention or resolution

ekāntara

mfn. separated by one intermediate (caste)

ekārtha

mfn. (in rhetoric) tautological (as a sentence)

ekasarga

mfn. closely attentive, having the mind intent upon one object

ekaśūla

mfn. onepointed,

ekatatpara

mfn. solely intent on

ekavākya

n. a single sentence commentator or commentary on

ekavākya

n. the same sentence, an identical sentence (either by words or meanings)

ekavākya

f. (in grammar) the being one sentence.

ekāvali

f. (in rhetoric) a series of sentences where the subject of each following sentence has some characteristic of the predicate of the preceding one

ekāvalī

f. (in rhetoric) a series of sentences where the subject of each following sentence has some characteristic of the predicate of the preceding one

eṇa

mf(/ī-). a species of deer or antelope (described as being of a black colour with beautiful eyes and short legs)

ena

this, that, (this pronoun is enclitic and cannot begin a sentence;it is generally used alone, so that enam puruṣam-,"that man", would be very unusual if not incorrect.

mmarians assert that the substitution of enam-etc. for imam-or etam-etc. takes place when something is referred to which has already been mentioned in a previous part of the sentence;See grammar 223 and 836)

eṇabhṛt

m. "bearing an antelope", the moon

eṇadṛś

f. the eye of an antelope

eṇamada

m. the juice of the antelope, musk

enasya

mfn. counted a sin or crime, wicked, sinful

eṇīpacana

m. plural "cooking antelopes for food", Name of a tribe.

eta

m. a kind of deer or antelope

etad

mfn. sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns (exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣo'ham-,I, this very person here) or with omission of those pronouns (exempli gratia, 'for example' eṣa tvāṃ svargaṃ nayāmi-,I standing here will convey thee to heaven; etau praviṣṭau svaḥ-,we two here have entered)

etad

mfn. as the subject of a sentence it agrees in gender and number with the predicate without reference to the noun to be supplied (exempli gratia, 'for example' etad eva hi me dhanam-,for this [ scilicet cow] is my only wealth

)

etatpara

mfn. intent on or absorbed in this commentator or commentary on

mf(ā-)n. having sexual intercourse with (see anya-strī--)

gabhasti

mfn. shining ("fork-like", double-edged or sharp-edged, pointed?)

(see sy/ūma-g-)

gabhīra

mf(/ā-)n. "inexhaustible", uninterrupted (time)

gad

cl.1 P. dati- (perf. jagāda-; Aorist agadīt-[

] or agādīt-

), to speak articulately, speak, say, relate, tell anything (accusative) to any one (accusative)

etc.: cl.10 P. gadayati-, to thunder

: Desiderative jigadiṣati-, to intend or wish to speak or tell

; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian gadijos,zadas,zodis,giedmi; Pol.gadae4; Hibernian or Irish gadh.])

gada

m. a sentence

gadā

f. a series of sentences

gāḍha

mfn. "deeply entered", pressed together, tightly drawn, closely fastened, close, fast (opposed to śithila-)

(said of a bow)

etc.

gāḍhatā

f. closeness, firmness, hardness, intensity

gāḍhataram

ind. more intensely

gāḍhatva

n. intensity

gah

(see gabh/a-and gāh-) cl.10 P. gahayati-, to enter deeply into (accusative)

(see jaṃh-.)

gāh

(see gādh-) cl.1 A1. g/āhate- (Epic also P. hati-; perf. jagāhe- future 2nd gāhiṣyate-[fut. 1st -gāhitā-,or -gāḍhā-

]; Aorist agāhiṣṭa-[

] or agāḍha-

[not in

]; infinitive mood gāhitum-) to dive into, bathe in, plunge into (accusative), penetrate, enter deeply into (accusative)

etc. (with kakṣām-,"to be a match for(genitive case)"

) ; to roam, range, rove

; to be absorbed in (accusative)

gāha

m. depth, interior, innermost recess

gahanāya

Nom. A1. yate-,"to lie in wait for any one in a secret place", to have treacherous intentions towards another

vArttika

gāhita

n. depth, interior

gai

cl.1 P. g/āyati-, rarely A1. te- (1. sg. g/āye-[

] & gāyiṣe-[

]

etc.) , exceptionally cl.2. gāti- (

: cl.3 P. jigāti-

; perf. jagau-

etc.; Aorist agāsīt-; preceding geyāt-

; pr. p. P. g/āyat-

etc.; ind.p. gītvā-[with preposition -gāya-(

)

-g/īya-

etc.]; infinitive mood gātum-), to sing, speak or recite in a singing manner, sing to (dative case

), praise in song (with accusative), relate in metrical language

etc. ; to sing before (accusative)

: Passive voice gīy/ate- (parasmE-pada y/amāna-), to be sung or praised in song

etc. ; to be called

(perf. jage-), etc.: Causal gāpayati- (Potential 3. plural gāyayeyur-

), to cause to sing or praise in song

etc.: Intensive jegīyate- (

) , to sing

; to be sung or praised in song

; to be asserted obstinately

; ([ confer, compare 3. gā-; confer, compare also Lithuanian zaidziu.])

gajadanta

m. Name of gaṇeśa- (who is represented with an elephant's head)

gajakūrmāśin

m. "devouring an elephant and a tortoise", Name of garuḍa- (in allusion to his swallowing both those animals whilst engaged in a contest with each other see

)

gal

cl.1 P. lati-, to drip, drop, ooze, trickle, distil

etc. ; to fall down or off

; to vanish, perish, pass away

: Causal gālayati-, to cause to drop, filter, strain

; to cause (the water of a dropsical person) to go off

; to fuse, liquefy, dissolve, melt

: A1. te-, to flow

: Intens.p. jalgalyamāna-, causing to drop from one's body

; ([ confer, compare Old German qvall,quillu,qualandquella,"a well."])

galagraha

m. begun but immediately interrupted study,

gam

Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (

; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha-

], gamāma-, gaman-

; Potential gam/ema-

; infinitive mood g/amadhyai-

) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (

; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana-

; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[

] , 1. plural /aganma-[

; confer, compare

] , 3. plural /agman-

; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare

]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an-

; Potential 2. sg. gamyās-

; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās-

; pr. p. gm/at-,

) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (

; Potential jagamyām-, yāt-

; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana-

) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1.

etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare

; subjunctive gācchāti-

;2. sg. gacchās-[

] or gacchāsi-[

];2. plural gacchāta-

;3. plural g/acchān-

; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat-

etc.; Aorist agamat-

;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare

future gamiṣyati-

etc.; 1st future g/antā-[

]

etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[

],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur-

etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[

etc.] or jagmivas-

f. jagm/uṣī-

etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[

etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya-

) to go, move, go away, set out, come

etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [

; confer, compare

] or prati-[

])

etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time)

; to fall to the share of (accusative)

etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack

; to decease, die

; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative)

etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly)

etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down

; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow

; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive

; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess

; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant")

and

; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative)

: Causal gamayati- (

; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[

] , 3. sg. gamayatāt-

; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra-

etc.) to cause to go (

) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case

), bring to a place (accusative [

] or locative case)

etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become

etc. ; to impart, grant

; to send away

; "to let go", not care about

; to excel

; to spend time

etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain

; to convey an idea or meaning, denote

; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another

: Desiderative j/igamiṣati- (

jigāṃsate-

; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat-

) to wish to go, be going

; to strive to obtain

; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-)

: Intensive j/aṅganti- (

), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- (

), to visit

(parasmE-pada g/anigmat-)

(imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.])

gama

m. intercourse with a woman (in compound)

gamaka

mfn. causing to understand, making clear or intelligible, explanatory, leading to clearness or conviction (exempli gratia, 'for example' hetu-,"a convincing reason")

gamana

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' sexual intercourse (with a woman)

gamanīya

mfn. to be understood, intelligible

gamanīya

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' relating to going etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' guru-strī--,"relating to or consisting in the intercourse with the wife of a teacher", as a sin

) .

gamin

mfn. intending to go (with accusative or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

Va1rtt. on ii, 1, 24

on ii, 3, 70.

gāmin

mfn. having sexual intercourse with

(see mātṛ-g-)

gamiṣṇu

mfn. intending to go to (accusative)

gamya

mfn. (a man) with whom a woman may have intercourse,

gamya

mfn. to be perceived or understood, intelligible, perceptible

etc.

gamya

mfn. intended, meant

gamyatā

f. perceptibility, intelligibleness, clearness

gamyatā

f. the being intended or meant

gaṇa

m. troops or classes of inferior deities (especially certain troops of demi-gods considered as śiva-'s attendants and under the special superintendence of the god gaṇeśa-; see -devatā-)

etc.

gānabandhu

m. "friend of songs", Name of an interlocutor in a work imitative of the

gaṇanīya

mfn. to be counted or reckoned or classed, calculable

(see gaṇeya-.)

gaṇaparvata

m. "the mountain frequented by troops of demi-gods", Name of the kailāsa- (this mountain being the residence of śiva-'s attendants as well as of the kiṃnara-s and yakṣa-s, attendants of kubera-)

gaṇayitrikā

f. "counter", a rosary

(only Prakrit ṅettiyā-)

gaṇḍa

mn. the abrupt interchange of question and answer (one of the characteristics of the dramatic composition called vīthi-)

gandhalipta

mfn. anointed with perfumes,

gandhamādinī

f. "strong-scented", lac

gandhapuṣpa

n. flowers and sandal (presented together at seasons of worship)

gandharva

m. a gandharva- [though in later times the gandharva-s are regarded as a class, yet in

rarely more than one is mentioned;he is designated as the heavenly gandharva-(divy/a g-

),and is also called viśvā-vasu-(

)and vāyu-keśa- (in plural

);his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters(

);his especial duty is to guard the heavenly soma-(

) , which the gods obtain through his intervention(

; see

);it is obtained for the human race by indra-, who conquers the gandharva- and takes it by force(

);the heavenly gandharva- is supposed to be a good physician, because the soma- is considered as the best medicine;possibly, however, the word soma- originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly gandharva- may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon;in one passage(

) the heavenly gandharva- and the soma- are identified;he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (

; see

);he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally (

);he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, yama- and yamī-(

) , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them(

);for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies(

);ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly gandharva-(see -gṛhīta-, -graha-);the gandharva-s as a class have the same characteristic features as the one gandharva-;they live in the sky(

) , guard the soma-(

),are governed by varuṇa- (just as the āpsarasa-s are governed by soma-)

,know the best medicines(

),regulate the course of the asterisms(

;hence twenty-seven are mentioned

),follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them(

);as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to soma-, the gandharva-s, and agni-(

);the wives of the gandharva-s are the āpsarasa-s(see gandharvāpsar/as-),and like them the gandharva-s are invoked in gambling with dice(

);they are also feared as evil beings together with the rākṣasa-s, kimīdin-s, piśāca-s, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them(

);they are said to have revealed the veda-s to vāc-(

; see

),and are called the preceptors of the ṛṣi-s(

); purūravas- is called among them(

);in epic poetry the gandharva-s are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers(see

)who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the āpsarasa-s to indra-'s heaven, sharing also in his battles(

etc.; see

);in the more systematic mythology the gandharva-s constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided(id est gods, manes, gandharva-s

;or gods, asura-s, gandharva-s, men

; see

;or gods, men, gandharva-s, āpsarasa-s, sarpa-s, and manes

;for other enumerations see

[

]

etc.);divine and human gandharva-s are distinguished(

;the divine or deva-gandharva-s are enumerated

);another passage names 11 classes of gandharva-s(

);the chief or leader of the gandharva-s is named citra-ratha-(

);they are called the creatures of prajāpati-(

) or of brahmā-(

) or of kaśyapa- (

) or of the muni-s(

) or of prādhā-(

) or of ariṣṭā-(

)or of vāc-(

);with jaina-s the gandharva-s constitute one of the eight classes of the vyantara-s]

gandhavat

mfn. (gaRa rasādi-) endowed with fragrance, scented, odoriferous

etc.

gāṇḍiva

mn. (

) the bow of arjuna- (presented by soma- to varuṇa-, by him to agni-, and by agni- to arjuna-;also said to have belonged to prajā-pati-, brahmā-, and śiva-)

gaṇeśa

m. (equals ṇa-nātha-) Name of the god of wisdom and of obstacles (son of śiva- and pārvatī-, or according to one legend of pārvatī- alone;though gaṇeśa- causes obstacles he also removes them;hence he is invoked at the commencement of all undertakings and at the opening of all compositions with the words namo gaṇeśāya vighneśvarāya-;he is represented as a short fat man with a protuberant belly, frequently riding on a rat or attended by one, and to denote his sagacity has the head of an elephant, which however has only one tusk;the appellation gaṇeśa-, with other similar compounds, alludes to his office as chief of the various classes of subordinate gods, who are regarded as śiva-'s attendants; see

;he is said to have written down the

as dictated by vyāsa-

;persons possessed, by gaṇeśa- are referred to

)

gaṇeya

mfn. calculable, to be counted

gaṅgādvāra

n. "the door of the Ganges", Name of a town situated where the Ganges enters the plains (also called hari-dvāra-)

gaṅgāsāgara

n. the mouth of the Ganges where it enters the ocean (considered as a tīrtha-)

gaṇikānna

n. food coming from or presented by a courtezan

gaṇima

mfn. (anything) that is calculated or counted

gaṇita

mfn. counted, numbered, reckoned, calculated

gañjana

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "contemning", excelling

gantavya

mfn. to be approached for sexual intercourse

gantṛ

mfn. (

) going to a woman (locative case) for sexual intercourse

gaṇya

mfn. to be counted or calculated

garbha

m. the inside, middle, interior of anything, calyx (as of a lotus)

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).,"having in the interior, containing, filled with"

etc.)

garbha

m. any interior chamber, adytum or sanctuary of a temple etc.

p.445

garbhaka

m. a period of two nights with the intermediate day

garbhāṅka

m. interlude during an act

garbhasaṃkramaṇa

n. entering the womb

garbhastha

mfn. being in the interior of (genitive case)

garbhetṛpta

mfn. "contented already in the womb (or from the first origin)", indolent gaRa pātre-samitādi- and yuktārohy-ādi-.

gārga

m. contemptuous metron. fr. gārgī-,

(gārgya-,

)

gārgika

m. contemptuous metron. fr. gārgī-

garhita

mfn. contemned, despised, contemptible, forbidden, vile

etc.

garhya

mfn. deserving reproach, contemptible, vile

etc.

garjita

mfn. boasted, swaggered, vaunted

gartamit

f. a post entered into a hole

gartanvat

mfn. (a post) having a hole (into which it is entered)

garuḍapurāṇa

n. Name of the seventeenth purāṇa-

gata

mfn. walked (a path), frequented, visited

gatacetana

mfn. deprived of sense or consciousness, senseless, void of understanding, fainted away

gatāgata

n. plural with kṛ-, to enter into a negotiation or treaty

gataspṛha

mfn. disinterested

gatavat

mfn. falling into, feeling, entertaining

gāthaka

m. (

) a singer (chanter of the purāṇa-s)

gaya

m. (gaRa vṛṣādi-; ji- see śaṃgay/a-) "what has been conquered or acquired", a house, household, family, goods and chattels, contents of a house, property, wealth

geṣṇa

m. a chanter of the

(see abhi--.)

gha

ind. sometimes it occurs in the clause which depends on a conditional or relative sentence (exempli gratia, 'for example' /ā ghā gamad y/adi śr/avat-,"he will surely come when he hears"

ghana

mf(/ā-)n. uninterrupted

ghanahastasaṃkhyā

f. (in geometry) the contents of an excavation or of a solid alike in figure

ghananābhi

m. "being in the interior of clouds", smoke (supposed to be a principal ingredient of clouds)

ghanaphala

n. the solid or cubical contents of a body.

ghanīkṛ

to harden, thicken, solidify

; to intensify

ghaṇṭāmudrā

f. a particular way of intertwining fingers (practised in the pañcāyatana- ceremony before ringing a bell)

gharma

m. internal heat

(varia lectio)

gharmasvaras

(rm/a--) mfn. sounding like the contents of a boiler (said of rivers)

ghasmara

m. Name of (a Brahman changed into) an antelope

ghaṭ

cl.1 A1. ṭate- (exceptionally P. ti-

; jaghaṭe-, ghaṭiṣyate-[

], aghaṭiṣṭa-

), to be intently occupied about, be busy with, strive or endeavour after, exert one's self for (locative case dative case accusative [

], prati-, -artham-and arthe-; infinitive mood

) ; to reach, come to (locative case)

; to fall to the share of (locative case)

; to take effect, answer

; to happen, take place, be possible, suit

etc. ; to be in connection or united with (instrumental case)

; (for ghaṭṭ-) to hurt with words, speak of malignantly

: Causal P. ghaṭayati- (

;exceptionally A1. te-

), to join together, connect, bring together, unite

; to shut

(varia lectio) ; to put or place or lay on (locative case)

; to bring near, procure

; to effect, accomplish, produce, make, form, fashion

etc. ; to do a service (accusative) to any one (genitive case)

; to impel

; to exert one's self

; (for ghaṭṭ-, Causal) to rub, graze, touch, move, agitate

: Causal ghāṭayati-, to hurt, injure

; to unite or put together

; "to speak"or"to shine"

ghaṭa

mfn. intently occupied or busy with (locative case)

ghoṅgha

m. intermediate space

ghrā

irregular cl.1. or cl.3. P. j/ighrati- (

; Epic also A1. te-and cl.2 P. ghrāti-; Aorist aghrāt-,or aghrāsīt-,

; preceding ghrāyāt-or ghrey-,

; Aorist Passive voice 3. dual number aghrāsātām-,

; irregular ind.p. jighritvā-

) , to smell, perceive odour

; to perceive

; to smell at, snuffle at

; to kill

: Causal P. ghrāpayati- (Aorist ajighrapat-or ghrip-

), to cause any one (accusative) to smell at (accusative)

: Intensive jeghrīyate-

ghṛṇā

f. aversion, contempt (with locative case)

ghṛṇitva

n. contempt, disregard, censoriousness

ghṛṅkarikra

mfn. ( kṛ-, Intensive) bleating

ghṛṣṭi

f. emulation, contest

ghṛtākta

mfn. anointed with ghee

ghṛtapātrastanavatī

f. (a cow) whose nipples are represented by vessels filled with ghee

girimallikā

f. Wrightla antidysenterica

giṣṇu

m. a chanter of the

gīta

mfn. ( gai-) sung, chanted, praised in songs

etc.

gītajña

mfn. versed in the art of singing, acquainted with songs

glaha

m. contention, bet

glaha

m. the prize or object fought for in a contest, person aimed at

godāya

mfn. intending to present with cattle or cows

godhana

m. a broad-pointed arrow

(varia lectio gādh-)

godharma

m. "rule of cattle" id est open and unconcealed intercourse of the sexes

gogamana

n. intercourse with a cow,

gomukhī

f. a cloth-bag for containing a rosary (the beads of which are counted by the hand thrust inside)

(

pp. 92 and 406)

gopa

m. the superintendent of several villages, head of a district

gopaka

m. the superintendent of a district

gopanīya

mfn. to be prevented

gopura

n. the ornamented gateway of a temple

goraṅku

m. a chanter, bard (lagna-)

goraṅku

m. a bailsman, guarantee

goṣpada

mfn. (g/oṣ--) (

)"showing marks of cow's hoofs" , frequented by kine

goṣṭha

n. a kind of dramatic entertainment in one act

goyuta

mfn. frequented by cattle

gṝ

cl.6 P. girati- or (confer, compare

) gilati- (

) , Epic also A1. girate- (1. sg. g/irāmi-

; perf. jagāra-

; Aorist subjunctive 3. plural garan-

), to swallow, devour, eat

etc. ; to emit or eject from the mouth

: Causal (Aorist 2. sg. ajīgar-) to swallow

: Intensive jegilyate-

: Desiderative jigariṣati-,

; ([ confer, compare 2. gal-,2 gir-, gila-,2. gīrṇ/a-; Lithuanian gerru,"to drink"; Latin glu-tio,gula; Slavonic or Slavonian gr-lo; Russian z8ora.])

grah

([

in a few passages only

etc.]) or grabh- ([

;rarely

]) cl.9 P. gṛbhṇāti- gṛhṇ/āti- (also A1. gṛhṇīte-,irreg. gṛhṇate-

;3. plural gṛbhṇate-

; imperative 2. sg. gṛhāṇ/a-,[ ṇ/ā-, saṃhitā-pāṭha-, parasmE-pada Passive voice Nominal verb plural n.

]

etc.; gṛbhṇān/a-& gṛhṇ-[Ved.]; gṛhṇa-

; -gṛhṇāhi-, -gṛbhṇīhi-See prati-grabh-; A1. gṛbhṇīṣva-[

] or gṛhṇ-;3. sg. P. gṛhṇītāt-;Ved. imperative gṛbhāy/a-etc.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ya- confer, compare gṛhaya-; perf. jagrāha-

etc.;1. sg. gr/abhā-

; gṛbhm/a-

; A1. gṛhe-,

;3. plural gṛbhr/e-& gṛbhrir/e-

; P. Potential gṛbhyāt-,

; parasmE-pada gṛbhv/as-,

; future 2nd grahīṣyati-, te-

etc.[ confer, compare

];sometimes wrongly spelt gṛh-

; grahiṣy-

; Conditional agrahaiṣyat-

; future 1st grahītā-

; Aorist agrabham-

; bhīt-

etc.; hīt-[

]

etc.; -/ajagrabhīt-etc.See saṃ-grah-; subjunctive 2. plural grabhīṣṭa-

; A1. agrahīṣṭa-

; aghṛkṣata-

[not in

];Ved. 3. plural agṛbhran-[

] and agṛbhīṣata-; ind.p. gṛbhītv/ā-

; gṛhītv/ā-,

; grahāya-

; infinitive mood grahītum-[

etc.; confer, compare

;wrongly spelt gṛh-

]; Passive voice gṛhyate-[ future 1st grahītā-or grāhitā- future 2nd grahīṣyate-or grāhiṣy- Aorist agrāhi-,3. dual number agrahīṣātām-or agrāhiṣ-

];Ved. subjunctive 3. plural gṛhyāntai-

;Ved. Passive voice 3. sg. gṛhate-[

]or gṛhe-[

] or gṛhaye-[

; confer, compare gṛhaya-]; subjunctive 1. plural gṛhāmahi-

; Potential gṛhīta-

) to seize, take (by the hand, pāṇau-or kare-,exceptionally pāṇim-(double accusative)

; confer, compare

), grasp, lay hold of (exempli gratia, 'for example' pakṣaṃ-,to take a side, adopt a party

; pāṇim-,"to take by the hand in the marriage ceremony", marry

etc.)

etc. ; to arrest, stop

; to catch, take captive, take prisoner, capture, imprison

etc. ; to take possession of, gain over, captivate

; to seize, overpower (especially said of diseases and demons and the punishments of varuṇa-)

etc. ; to eclipse

; to abstract, take away (by robbery)

; to lay the hand on, claim

; to gain, win, obtain, receive, accept (from ablative,rarely genitive case), keep

etc. (with double accusative

) ; to acquire by purchase (with instrumental case of the price)

etc. ; to choose

; to choose any one (accusative) as a wife ; to take up (a fluid with any small vessel), draw water

; to pluck, pick, gather

; to collect a store of anything

; to use, put on (clothes)

i etc. ; to assume (a shape)

; to place upon (instrumental case or locative case)

; to include

; to take on one's self, undertake, undergo, begin

etc. ; to receive hospitably (a guest), take back (a divorced wife)

; "to take into the mouth", mention, name

etc. ; to perceive (with the organs of sense or with m/anas-), observe, recognise

etc. ; (in astronomy) to observe

; to receive into the mind, apprehend, understand, learn

; (in astronomy) to calculate

; to accept, admit, approve

; to obey, follow

; to take for, consider as

etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant by (instrumental case)

and Scholiast or Commentator : Causal grāhayati-, to cause to take or seize or lay hold of

; to cause to take (by the hand[ pāṇim-]in the marriage ceremony)

; to cause to marry, give away a girl (accusative) in marriage to any one (accusative)

; to cause any one to be captured

; to cause any one to be seized or overpowered (as by varuṇa-'s punishments or death etc.)

; to cause to be taken away

; to make any one take, deliver anything (accusative) over to any one (accusative; exempli gratia, 'for example' āsanam-with accusative"to cause to take a seat, bid any one to sit down"

)

; to make any one choose

(Aorist ajigrahat-) ; to make any one learn, make acquainted or familiar with (accusative)

etc.: Desiderative jighṛkṣati- (confer, compare

), also te-, to be about to seize or take

; to be about to eclipse

; to be about to take away

; to desire to perceive (with the organs of sense), strive to apprehend or recognise

: Intensive jarīgṛhyate-

; ([ confer, compare Zend gerep,geurv; Gothic greipa; German greife; Lithuanian gre1bju; Slavonic or Slavonian grablju1; Hibernian or Irish grabaim,"I devour, stop."])

grahadāya

m. the length of life as granted by the planets

grahaṇī

f. an imaginary organ supposed to lie between the stomach and the intestines (the small intestines or that part of the alimentary canal where the bile assists digestion and from which vital warmth is said to be diffused)

grahaṇīgada

m. a morbid affection of the grahaṇī-, dysentery

grahaṇīhara

n. "removing dysentery", cloves

grahaṇīrogin

mfn. affected with dysentery

grahapati

m. Calotropis gigantea

grahila

mf(ā-)n. (gaRa kāśādi-) taking interest in, inclined to (in compound)

grāhya

mfn. to be accepted as a rule or law, to be acknowledged or assented to, to be attended to or obeyed, to be admitted in evidence

etc.

grāmacaryā

f. "village custom", sexual intercourse

grāmādhikṛta

m. superintendent or chief of a village

grāmagṛhyaka

m. a village carpenter

grāmaṇī

m. (fr. -nī-

; genitive case plural -ṇyām-,or Vedic or Veda -ṇīnām-,

, not in

; grāmaṇi ṇi- n."leading, chief",

) the leader or chief of a village or community, lord of the manor, squire, leader of a troop or army, chief, superintendent

grāmya

n. sensual pleasure, sexual intercourse

grāmyadharma

m. "a villager's right (opposed to the right of a recluse)", sexual intercourse

grāmyadharmin

mfn. addicted to sexual intercourse

grāmyasukha

n. "a villager's pleasure", sleep, sexual intercourse

(grāmya sukha-,ix, 18, 40) .

grāsa

m. (in geometry) a piece cut out by the intersection of 2 circles

grasta

mfn. tormented, affected by

etc.

gṛdh

cl.4 P. g/ṛdhyati- (perf. 3. plural jagṛdhur-

; jāgṛdh/ur-

; Aorist /agṛdhat-

; future gardhiṣyati-

; pr. p. g/ṛdhyat-

; ind.p. gṛddhvā-

), to endeavour to gain

; to covet, desire, strive after greedily, be desirous of or eager for (locative case [

etc.] or accusative

) : Causal P. gardhayati-, to be greedy

; to make desirous or greedy

; A1. yate-, to deceive, cheat

: Intensive 2. sg. imperfect tense ajarghāḥ-

; ([ confer, compare anu--, prati--; abhi-ghṛdhna-, pra-gardhin-; confer, compare also Old German gir: modern German gier:Engl.greedy(?): Gothic gredags,gaurs: Hibernian or Irish greadaim,"I burn";greadhnach,"joyful, glad";gradh,"love, charity;dear ";graidhneog,"a beloved female", etc.: Lithuanian godus,gedu: Slavonic or Slavonian glad,"hunger."])

gṛdhū

m. intellect (see

)

gṛhakāraka

m. a house-builder, mason, carpenter (kind of mixed caste)

gṛhakartṛ

m. a house-builder, carpenter

gṛhamedhinī

f. the wife of a householder

("natural intelligence"Scholiast or Commentator)

gṛhapati

m. equals dharma- (the maintenance of a sacred and perpetual fire, the duty of a householder, hospitality etc.)

gṛhapoṣaṇa

n. maintenance of a household

grīṣmahemanta

m. dual number summer and winter

grīṣmavana

n. a grove frequented in summer

cl.1 A1. gavate-, to sound

: Intensive A1. (1. and 3. sg. j/oguve-, parasmE-pada j/oguvāna-) "to cause to sound", proclaim

: P. (imperfect tense agaṅgūyat-for aguṅg-) to shout with joy

(see prati--3. gu-and j/ogū-.)

guda

m. an intestine, entrail, rectum, anus

etc.

guda

m. dual number with kauṣṭhyau-, the two intestines

guḍadhenu

f. a sugar-cow (presented to Brahmans)

gudaroga

m. a disease of the last of the large intestines

gūḍhabhāṣita

n. secret intelligence, private communication

gūḍhamantra

mfn. having secret intentions,

gūḍhapatha

m. "having a hidden path", the mind, intellect

gūḍhāśaya

mfn. concealing one's intentions.

gulika

m. Name of a hunter

gulma

m. a chronic enlargement of the spleen or any glandular enlargement in the abdomen (as that of the mesenteric gland etc.)

guṇalakṣaṇa

n. mark or indication of internal property

guṇaratna

n. "pearl of good qualities", Name of a short collection of sentences by bhava-bhūti-

guṅgu

m. (Intensive 3. gu-) "Name of a man" m. plural his descendants

guṇin

mfn. "furnished with a string or rope (as a hunter)"and"endowed with good qualities"

guṇita

mfn. augmented, intensified

guptyadhikṛta

m. a jail-superintendent

gurutalpa

m. the violation of a teacher's bed (intercourse with his wife)

gurvanta

mfn. equals ante-guru-, heavy at the end

gurvartha

mfn. one who seeks to provide a maintenance for his Guru

ind. (prob. originally identical with 2. gha-,and used as a particle for emphasizing a preceding word, especially if it begins a sentence closely connected with another;very frequent in the brāhmaṇa-s and sūtra-s, and often translatable by) indeed, assuredly, verily, of course, then etc. (often with other particles exempli gratia, 'for example' with tv eva-, u-, sma-, vai-etc.; na ha-,"not indeed";also with interrogatives and relatives exempli gratia, 'for example' yad dha-,"when indeed"; kad dha-,"what then?"sometimes with imperfect tense or perfect tense [ see

];in later language very commonly used as a mere expletive, especially at the end of a verse)

hā

(not always separable fr.3. hā-) cl.3 A1. (

) j/ihīte- (parasmE-pada j/ihāna-[ q.v ]; perfect tense jahir/e-

; Aorist ahāsta-

etc.; future hātā- grammar; hāsyate-

; infinitive mood -hātum-

; ind.p. hātvā- grammar; -h/āya-

), to start or spring forward, bound away, give way to (dative case)

; to spring or leap upon (?)

; to go or depart or betake one's self to have recourse to (accusative)

; to fall or come into any state

: Passive voice hāyate- (Aorist ahāyi-) grammar : Causal hāpayati- (Aorist ajīhapat-)

: Desiderative jihāsate-

: Intensive jahāyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti-

hā

cl.3 P. (

) j/ahāti- (rarely cl.1. jahati-3. dual number jahltaḥ- imperative jah/ihi-[or jahāhi-

]; jahītāt-

; Potential jahyāt-

etc.; perfect tense jahau-, jah/uḥ-

etc.; jahe-

; Aorist ahāt-

etc.; ahāsīt- grammar;3. sg. ahās-

; /ahāsi-

; hāsiṣṭa-

,; future hātā- grammar; hāsyati-, te-

etc., jahiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood hātum-

; ind.p. hitv/ā-.[ q.v ]

etc.; hitv/ī- tv/āya-

; -hītvā- grammar; -h/āya-

, h/īyam-

), to leave, abandon, desert, quit, forsake, relinquish (with śarīram-, deham-, prāṇān-, asūn-, jīvitam-etc. - "to die")

etc., etc. ; to discharge, emit

; to put away, take off, remove, lay aside, give up, renounce, resign, avoid, shun, abstain or refrain from

etc. ; to disregard, neglect

; to lose, be deprived of.

; to get rid of. escape from

etc. ; to cause to emit (with śardham-,"to cause to break wind")

: Passive voice hīy/ate- or h/īyate- (Epic also hīyati-; Aorist ahāyi-), to be left or abandoned or deserted etc. ; to be left behind, fall short of (ablative)

etc. ; to be excluded from or bereft of (ablative or instrumental case;with prāṇaiḥ-,"to die")

etc. ; to be overtaken by (instrumental case)

; to be deficient or wanting, suffer loss or injury, fail (also in a lawsuit), decrease, wane, decline, come to an end

etc. ; to weigh less (at the ordeal of the balance)

; to be given up or avoided

(varia lectio) ; to be subtracted

; to become detached from (with ablative or instrumental case), fall out (as hair)

: Causal hāpayati- (mc. also te- Aorist ajīhapat-; -jīhipaḥ-

), to cause to leave or abandon etc. ; to omit, neglect

etc. ; to fall short of. be wanting in (accusative)

; to give up (asūn-,"life")

; to lose (kālam-,"time")

; to abandon (pratijñām-,"a thesis")

: Desiderative jihāsati-, to wish to leave or abandon

; to wish to reject or disdain

; to wish to escape

: Intensive jehīyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- grammar

had

cl.1 P. A1. (

) hadati-, te- (perfect tense jahade-; Aorist ahatta-etc. grammar), to evacuate, discharge excrement

: Causal hādayati- grammar : Desiderative jihatsate-

: Intensive jāhadyate-, jāhatti-

[ confer, compare Greek .]

haimala

m. n. winter (prob. wrong reading for haimana-)

haimana

mf(ī-)n. relating or belonging or suitable to winter, winterly, wintry, cold

etc.

haimana

m. a kind of rice which grows in winter (equals ṣaṣṭika-)

haimana

m. n. winter, cold

haimanta

mf(/ī-)n. (fr., hemanta-) wintry, relating or suitable to or growing in winter

haitukya

n. causality, causativeness ( ahaitukya a-haitukya- n."absence of interested motives")

hal

(prob. invented as a source for hala-) cl.1 P. halati-, to plough, make furrows

halīkṣṇa

mn. a particular intestine

hallīśa

m. one of the eighteen upa-rūpaka-s or minor dramatic entertainments (described as a piece in one act, consisting chiefly of singing and dancing by one male and 7, 8, or 10 female performers;perhaps a kind of ballet)

haṃho

ind. (see ham-) a vocative particle (corresponding to"ho!""hollo!" according to to some also expressing haughtiness or contempt;in dramatic language a form of address used by equals to each other)

haṃsādhirūḍhā

f. "mounted on a swan", Name of sarasvatī- (as wife of brahmā-)

haṃsārūḍha

mf(ā-)n. mounted on a swan (applied to varuṇa-, brahmā-, and sarasvatī-)

han

cl.2 P. (

) hanti- (3. dual number hat/aḥ-,3. plural ghnanti-;rarely A1. hate-,3. plural ghnate-;and cl.1. hanati-, Vedic or Veda also jighnate-, ti-; Potential hanyāt-

also h/anīta-, ghnīta-; imperative jah/i-

handh/i-; imperfect tense /ahan-, Vedic or Veda and Epic also ahanat-, ahanan-, aghnanta-; parasmE-pada jaghnat-, ghnamāna-

; perfect tense jagh/āna-, jaghn/uḥ-

Epic also jaghne-, nire- subjunctive jagh/anat-

; parasmE-pada jaghniv/as-, Vedic or Veda also jaghanvas-; Aorist ahānīt-

[ confer, compare vadh-]; future hantā-

; haṃsyati-

; haniṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood h/antum-,Ved. also h/antave-, tav/ai-, toḥ-; ind.p. hatv/ā-,Ved. also tv/ī-, tvāya-, -hatya-; -hanya-

; -gh/ātam-

etc.) , to strike, beat (also a drum) , pound, hammer (accusative), strike etc. upon (locative case)

etc. ; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy

; to put to death, cause to be executed

; to strike off

; to ward off, avert

; to hurt, wound (the heart)

; to hurl (a dart) upon (genitive case)

; (in astronomy) to touch, come into contact

; to obstruct, hinder

; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow etc.)

; (?) to go, move

: Passive voice hany/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist avadhi-or aghāni-), to be struck or killed

etc. etc.: Causal ghātayati-, te- (properly a Nom.fr. ghāta- q.v; Aorist ajīghatat-or ajīghanat-), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish

etc. ; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati- equals kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe-)

Va1rtt. 6

; to mar, destroy

(varia lectio): Desiderative j/ighāṃsati-, te- (Potential jighāṃsīyat-

; imperfect tense ajighāṃsīḥ-

), to wish to kill or destroy

etc. etc.: Intensive j/aṅghanti- (

; parasmE-pada jaṅghanat-, j/aṅghnat-or gh/anighnat-), jaṅghanyate- (with pass. sense

), jeghnīyate- (

) , to strike = tread upon (locative case or accusative)

; to slay, kill

; to dispel (darkness) , destroy (evil, harm)

; to hurt, injure, wound

[ confer, compare Greek , ; , ; Latin de-fendere,of-fendere; Lit.genu,gi4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian gu8nati.]

hantumanas

mfn. intending to kill

hanumat

m. "having (large) jaws", Name of a monkey-chief (one of the most celebrated of a host of semi-divine monkey-like beings, who, according to

,were created to become the allies of rāma-candra- in his war with rāvaṇa-; hanumat- was held to be a son of pavana- or māruta-,"the Wind";and is fabled to have assumed any form at will, wielded rocks, removed mountains, mounted the air, seized the clouds, and rivalled garuḍa- in swiftness of flight;according to other legends, hanumat- was son of śiva-;his mother's name was añjanā- q.v;in modern times hanumat- is a very common village god in the Dekhan, Central and Upper India see

)

etc.

hārda

n. meaning, intention, purpose

hārdi

m. contentment, ease, comfort

hārdi

n. the heart or interior of the body (also applied to the intestines)

hariṇa

m. a deer, antelope, fawn, stag (one of 5 kinds, others being called ṛṣya-, ruru-, pṛṣata-, mṛga-)

etc.

hariścandra

m. Name of the 28th king of the solar dynasty in the tretā- age (he was son of tri-śaṅku-, and was celebrated for his piety; according to to the mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa- he gave up his country, his wife and his son, and finally himself, to satisfy the demands of viśvāmitra-;after enduring incredible sufferings, he won the pity of the gods and was raised with his subjects to heaven : according to to

, his performance of the rāja-sūya- sacrifice was the cause of his elevation, and in the aitareya-brāhmaṇa- quite another legend is told about himSee under śunaḥśepa-, : in later legends hari-ścandra- is represented as insidiously induced by nārada- to relate his actions with unbecoming pride, whereupon he was degraded from svarga-, one stage at each sentence, till stopping in time and doing homage to the gods he was fixed with his capital in mid-air;his aerial city is popularly believed to be still visible in the skies at particular times; see saubha-)

etc.

haritīkṛta

mfn. painted green

hary

cl.1 P. (

) hary/ati- (rarelyA. te-; pr. p. P. h/aryat-,or hary/at-[see below]A. h/aryamāṇa-), to like, delight in, be fond of or pleased with, yearn after, long for (accusative or locative case)

; to go

; to threaten

: Intensive jāharyīti-, jāharti-, jāharyati-

[ confer, compare Greek .]

has

cl.1 P. (

) hasati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense jahāsa-, jahase-

etc.; Aorist ahasīt- grammar; future hasitā-

; hasiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood hasitum-

; ind.p. hasitvā-, -hasya-

), to laugh, smile, laugh at (instrumental case)

etc. ; to deride, mock, ridicule (accusative)

etc. ; to surpass, excel

; to expand, open (as a blossom)

: Passive voice hasyate- (Aorist ahāsi-), to be laughed or smiled at

etc.: Causal hāsayati- (Aorist ajīhasat-), to cause to laugh

: Desiderative jihasiṣati- (see 1. jakṣ-) grammar : Intensive jāhasyate- (parasmE-pada yamāna-

), jāhasti-, to laugh continuously or immoderately

hasta

m. the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)

etc.

hastadīpa

m. a hand lantern

hastyadhyakṣa

m. a superintendent of elephants

hata

mfn. visited or afflicted or tormented by, struggling with, suffering from (instrumental case or compound)

etc.

hatu

(prob.) m. winter

havyamantrāhikṛta

m. du ."superintendent of the sacrifice and of the council", a priest and a minister

hayādhyakṣa

m. "superintendent of horses", a head groom

hayārūḍha

m. "mounted on a horse", a rider

hayatattvajña

mfn. acquainted with the nature of horses

helā

f. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) disrespect, contempt (see avahelā-)

helana

n. the act of slighting, disregard, contempt

hemagarbha

mfn. containing golden in the interior

hemamṛga

m. a golden deer (according to a story told in

,the rākṣasa- mārīca- transformed himself into a golden deer and so captivated rāma- and his wife sītā-, that the former left his forest-home to pursue it;during his absence rāvaṇa- q.v,disguised as a mendicant, presented himself before sītā- and carried her off).

heman

(See him/a-and next), winter (only used in locative case,"in the winter")

hemanta

m. winter, the cold season (comprising the two months agra-hāyaṇa- and pauṣa- id est from middle of November to middle of January)

etc.

hemantajabdha

(t/a--) mfn. swallowed by winter (id est"hidden away or disappeared in winter")

hemantamegha

m. a winter-cloud

hemantanātha

m. "lord of winter", the wood-apple tree (equals kapittha-)

hemantānila

m. a winter wind

hemantānta

m. (only in locative case nte-) the end of winter

hemantapratyavarohaṇa

n. redescending into winter (a kind of ceremony)

hemantaṛtuvarṇana

n. "description of the winter season", Name of work

hemantasamaya

m. winter time

hemantaśiśira

m. dual number (see

) winter and spring

heti

m. Name of the first rākṣasa- king (represented as occupying the Sun's chariot in the month caitra- or madhu-)

(see hay-) cl.5 P. (

) hin/oti- (Vedic or Veda also hinut/e-, h/invati-and hinv/ati-, te-; parasmE-pada hinvān/a-[with act. and pass. sense]

; h/ayat-

: sg. hiṣe-

; perfect tense jighāya-, jighyuḥ-

etc.; jighye-[with pass. sense]

; Aorist /ahema- /ahema-, ahyan-, heta- parasmE-pada hiyān/a-[with pass. sense]

; ahyam-[?], /ahait-

; ahaiṣīt-

; aheṣata-

; future hetā- grammar; heṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood -hy/e-

), to send forth, set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (A1.also intrans.)

; to stimulate or incite to (dative case)

; to assist or help to (dative case)

; to discharge, hurl, cast, shoot

; to convey, bring, procure

; to forsake, abandon, get rid of

; (hinvati-) to gladden, delight

: Passive voice hīyate- (Aorist ahāyi-) grammar : Causal hāyuyati- (Aorist ajīhayat-)

: Desiderative of Causal jihāpayiṣati-

: Desiderative jighīṣati-

: Intensive jeghīyate-, jeghayīti-, jegheti-

ind. (used as a particle[ see ha-and gha-]and usually denoting) for, because, on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns; exempli gratia, 'for example' s/arvo h/i p/ṛtanā jigīṣati-,"for everybody wishes to win battles"; bhavān hi pramāṇam-,"for your honour is the authority"; tahā hi-,"for example","accordingly"; n/a h/i-or nah/ī-,"for not","not at all")

etc.

ind. indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly (h/i v/ai-,"most assuredly"; hi-tu-or hi-punar-,"indeed-but";often a mere expletive, especially to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; hi-is also said to be an interjection of "envy","contempt","hurry"etc.)

him

ind. an exclamation (interchangeable with h/iṅ-, q.v)

hima

m. the cold season, winter

himā

f. (only with śat/a-) the cold season, winter (also ="a year"; see varṣ/a-)

himāgama

m. approach of cold, beginning of winter

himakūṭa

m. the winter season

himaṛtu

m. the winter season

hiṃs

(originally Desiderative of han-) cl.1.7. P. (

) hiṃsati-, hin/asti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. hiṃsate-, h/iṃste-;2. sg. hiṃsi-for hinassi-

; perfect tense jihiṃsa-, sim/a-, jīhiṃsīh-

; Aorist ahiṃsīt-, hiṃsīt-

etc.; future hiṃsita- grammar; hiṃsiṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood hiṃsitum-[Ved. also h/iesitoḥ-]

; ind.p. hiṃsitv/ā-

; -hiṃsya-

), to injure, harm, wound, kill, destroy

etc. etc.: Passive voice hiṃsyate- (Aorist ahiṃsi-), to be injured or killed

(in /a-hiṃsyamāna-) etc.: Causal or cl.10 P. (

) hiṃsayati- (Aorist ajihiṃsat-), to injure, harm, kill, slay

: Desiderative j/ihiṃsiṣati-, to wish to injure etc.

: Intens, jehiṃsyate-, jehiṃsti- grammar

hiṃsātmaka

(hiṃsāt-) mfn. intent on doing harm

hiṇḍana

n. sexual intercourse

hita

mf(/ā-)n. planned, arranged (as a race or contest)

hita

mf(/ā-)n. constituted or appointed as (Nominal verb)

hitabuddhi

f. friendly intention (dhyā-,"with friendly intention")

hitakara

mfn. doing a service, furthering the interests of (genitive case), favourable, useful, a benefactor

hitapravṛtta

mfn. intent on the welfare of (locative case)

hitātman

mfn. quite intent upon the welfare of (compound)

hitopadeśa

m. Name of a popular collection of fables intermixed with didactic sentences and moral precepts (compiled by nārāyaṇa-, and supposed to be narrated by a brahman- named viṣṇu-śarman- to some young princes; it is chiefly founded on the pañca-tantra- q.v)

hnu

cl.2 A1. (

) hnut/e- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also hnauti-and hnavati-, te-; perfect tense juhnuve- grammar; Aorist ahnoṣṭa-

; future hnotā-, hnoṣyate-

; infinitive mood hnotum-

; ind.p. hnutya-

; generally with prepositions; see apa--, api--, ni-hnu-etc.) , to hide from (dative case)

; to drive or take away

: Passive voice hnūyate- (Aorist ahnāvi-) grammar : Causal hnāvayati- (Aorist ajuhnavat-)

: Desiderative juhnūṣate-

: Intensive johnūyate-, johnoti-

hṛ

cl.1 P. A1. (

) h/arati-, te- (once in

harmi-,and once in Scholiast or Commentator on

-jiharti-; perfect tense P. jahāra-, jah/artha-, jahruḥ-[ -jaharuḥ-?]

etc.; A1. jahre-

etc.; Aorist ahār-, ahṛthās-

; ahārṣīt-

etc. etc.; 3. plural A1. ahṛṣata-

; preceding hriyāt-, hṛṣīṣṭa- grammar; future hartā-

etc.; hariṣyati-, te-

; Conditional ahariṣyat-

; infinitive mood h/artum-, tos-, tave-, tav/ai-

; haritum-

; ind.p. hṛtvā-, -h/āram-

etc.; -h/ṛtya-

etc.), to take, bear, carry in or on (with instrumental case), carry, convey, fetch, bring

etc. ; to offer, present (especially with balim-)

etc. ; to take away, carry off, seize, deprive of, steal, rob

; to shoot or cut or hew off, sever (the head or a limb)

etc. ; to remove, destroy, dispel, frustrate, annihilate

; to turn away, avert (the face)

; A1. (older and more correct than P.), to take to one's self, appropriate (in a legitimate way), come into possession of (accusative), receive (as an heir), raise (tribute), marry (a girl)

etc. ; to master, overpower, subdue, conquer, win, win over (also by bribing)

etc. ; to outdo, eclipse, surpass

; to enrapture, charm, fascinate

etc. ; to withhold, withdraw, keep back, retain

etc. ; to protract, delay (with kālam-,"to gain time")

; (in arithmetic) to divide

: Passive voice hriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist ahāri-), to be taken or seized etc.

etc. etc.: Causal hārayati-, te- (Aorist ajīharat-; Passive voice hāryate-), to cause to be taken or carried or conveyed or brought by (instrumental case or accusative; confer, compare

) or to (dative case)

etc. ; to cause to be taken away, appropriate, seize, rob

; to have taken from one's self, be deprived of, lose (especially at play)

; (harayate-) See pra-hṛ- ; (hārāpayati-), to lose (at play)

: Desiderative j/ihīrṣati-, te- (confer, compare jihīrṣā-, ṣu-), to wish to take to one's self or appropriate, covet, desire, long for

etc. ; (with kālam-), to wish to gain time

: Intensive jehrīyate-; jarharīti-, jarīharīti-, jarharti-, jarīharti- (confer, compare saṃ-hṛ-) grammar ([ confer, compare Greek .])

hras

cl.1 P. A1. hrasati-, te- (only in present base; grammar also perfect tense jahrāsa-etc.) , to become short or small, be diminished or lessened

etc. ; to descend from (ablative)

; (P.) to sound

: Causal hrāsayati- (Aorist ajihrasat-), to make small or less, shorten, curtail, diminish

etc.: Desiderative jihrasiṣati- grammar : Intensive jāhrasyate-, jāhrasti-

hrasvāgni

m. Calotropis Gigantea

hṛcchayapīḍita

mfn. tormented by love, love-sick

hṛcchoṣa

m. (for -śoṣa-) internal dryness

hṛd

n. (optionally substituted for hṛdaya-in the weak cases id est in all except the first five inflexions;thought to be connected with śrad- q.v) the heart (as the seat of feelings and emotions) , soul, mind (as seat of thought and intellectual operations; hṛdy avedin-,"having no capacity of knowledge in the heart or mind", said of animals) , breast, chest, stomach, interior (also in older language,"interior of the body")

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin cor(cordis); German Herz; English heart.]

hṛdaya

n. the heart or interior of the body

hṛdayaja

mfn. belonging or corresponding to the interior

hṛdayasthāyin

mfn. being in the interior of the body

hṛddyota

m. an internal disease

hṛddyotabheṣaja

n. a remedy against internal disease

hṛdgata

n. design, meaning, intent

hṛdya

mf(ā-)n. being in the heart, internal, inward, inmost, innermost

hrī

cl.3 P. (

) jihreti- (j/ihriyat-

; perfect tense jihrāya-

; jihrayāṃ-cakāra-, yām-āsa-, grammar; Aorist ahraiṣīt-

; preceding hrīyāt-

; parasmE-pada hrayāṇa-,See a-hr-; future hretā-, hreṣyati- grammar), to feel shame, blush, be bashful or modest, be ashamed of any one (genitive case) or anything (ablative)

: Causal hrepayati- (Aorist ajihripat-), to make ashamed, cause to blush, confound, put to shame (also figuratively = "surpass, excel")

: Desiderative jihrīṣati- grammar : Intensive jehrīyate- (parasmE-pada yamāṇa-

), jehrayīti-, jehreti-, to be greatly ashamed

hṛṣ

cl.1 P. A1. h/arṣati-, te- (from P.only parasmE-pada h/arṣat-), to be excited or impatient, rejoice in the prospect of, be anxious or impatient for (dative case)

; to speak or affirm falsely, lie

; cl.4 P. (

) hṛṣyati- (Epic and mc. also te-; perfect tense jaharṣa-, jahṛṣuḥ-; jahṛṣe-, ṣire-

etc.; Aorist ahṛṣat-

; future harṣitā-, harṣiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood harṣitum-

; ind.p. -hṛṣya-

etc.) , to thrill with rapture, rejoice, exult, be glad or pleased

etc. ; to become sexually excited

; to become erect or stiff or rigid, bristle (said of the hairs of the body etc.), become on edge (like the teeth)

: Passive voice hṛṣyate- (Aorist aharṣi-) grammar : Causal harṣ/ayati-, te- (Aorist ajīhṛṣat-,or ajaharṣat-), to excite, make impatient or eager for (victory etc.)

etc. ; to rejoice, be glad

; to cause to bristle

: Desiderative jiharṣiṣati- grammar : Intensive jarīhṛṣyate-, jarharṣṭi- etc. (Ved. forms jarhṛṣanta-, j/arhṛṣāṇa-and jāhṛṣāṇ/a-), to be impatient or excited

; to excite violently

[ confer, compare Latin horreoforhorseo.]

hṛṣita

mfn. dulled, blunted, set on edge (equals pratihata-)

hṛṣṭa

mfn. blunted (see hṛṣita-)

hṛṣṭasaṃkalpa

mfn. pleased in mind, contented, glad

hṛṣṭavadana

mfn. merry-faced, having a cheerful countenance

cl.3 P. (

) juh/oti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. juhut/e-3. plural proper j/uh-3. plural proper j/uhvati-, te-

etc.;2. sg. imperative juhudh/i-

etc.; hoṣi-

; parasmE-pada P. j/uhvat-; A1. j/uhvāna-[also with pass. sense];3. plural imperfect tense /ajuhavuḥ-

; perfect tense P. juhāva-, juhuvuḥ-

; A1. juhuve-

; juhv/e-, juhur/e-

; juhvire-

; juhavāṃ-cakāra-

; juhavām-āsa-

; Aorist ahauṣīt-

etc.; preceding hūyāt- grammar; future hotā-

; hoṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; Conditional ahoṣyat-

; infinitive mood h/otum-, tos-, tav/ai-,and ind.p. hutvā-

etc.) , to sacrifice (especially pour butter into the fire) , offer or present an oblation (accusative or genitive case) to (dative case) or in (locative case), sacrifice to, worship or honour (accusative) with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to sprinkle on (locative case)

; to eat

: Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-), to be offered or sacrificed

etc. etc.: Causal hāvayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-), to cause to sacrifice or to be sacrificed or to be honoured with sacrifice

etc.: Desiderative juhūṣati-, to wish to sacrifice

: Intensive johavīti- (imperfect tense ajohavīt-or ajuhavīt-

), johūyate-, johoti- (grammar), to offer oblations repeatedly or abundantly. [ confer, compare Greek in (for) , , ; Latin fu1tis,"water-pot."]

hū

ind. an exclamation of contempt, grief etc. (hū hū-,the yelling of a jackal

)

hum

ind. or hūm- an exclamation (of remembrance, doubt, interrogation, assent, anger, reproach, fear etc., not translatable)

hum

ind. a mystical syllable used in spells and magical texts or sentences

hūm

ind. an exclamation or interjection etc.

huṃkāra

m. the sound hum- (especially expressive of menace or contempt etc.; also applied to the trumpeting of an elephant, to the roaring or grunting etc. of other animals, to the twang of a bow etc.)

etc.

hummā

ind. an interjection in a sāman-

huṇḍikā

f. assignment or order (for the maintenance of soldiers)

hutākṣara

mfn. written with the hand (opp. to mudrāṅkita-,"printed")

hve

cl.1 P. A1. (

) hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve-

; hvāmahe-

; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi-

; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense]

; hvayāna-

; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ-

etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e-

; juhuve-, huhurire-

; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre-

; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta-

]

etc. etc.; ahvi-

; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata-

; ahvāsīt-[?]

; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te-

; hvāsyate-

; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight")

etc. ; to emulate, vie with

: Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc.

: Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case)

: Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna-

) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .]

hvṛ

or hvṝ- (see hval-, dhvṛ-) cl.1 P. (

) hv/arati- (in

also hv/arate-; and according to to

also hvṛṇāti-; perfect tense jahvāra-, vartha-, varuḥ- grammar; Aorist ahvārṣīt-, hvārṣīt-, hvār-, hvāriṣuḥ-

; preceding hvaryāt- grammar; future hvartā-, hvariṣyati-

; infinitive mood hvartum-

), to deviate or diverge from the right line, be crooked or curved, bend, go crookedly or wrongly or deviously, stumble, fall, down

etc. (See above) : Causal hvārayati- (Aorist jihvaraḥ-, ratam-; juhuraḥ-, juhūrthāḥ-, juhurāṇ/a-), to cause to go crookedly, lead wrong or astray

; (A1.) to go wrong or astray

: Desiderative juhvūrṣati- grammar : Intensive jāhvaryate-, jāhvarti-

ind. an interjection of anger, calling, sorrow, distress, compassion, etc., (gaRa cādi-

)

cl.2 P. /eti- (imperative 2. sg. ih/i-) and 1. P. A1. /ayati-, ayate- ([ confer, compare ay-]), (perfect tense iyāya-[2. sg. iy/atha-

, and iy/etha-

] future eṣyati-; Aorist aiṣīt-; infinitive mood etum-, /etave-

and

, /etav/ai-

/etos-

ity/ai-

) to go, walk ; to flow ; to blow ; to advance, spread, get about ; to go to or towards (with accusative), come

etc. ; to go away, escape, pass, retire

; to arise from, come from

; to return (in this sense only future)

; (with punar-) to come back again, return

etc. ; to succeed

; to arrive at, reach, obtain

etc. ; to fall into, come to ; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (confer, compare ita-) ; to undertake anything (with accusative) ; to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a participle or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti-,"the asura-s and Rakshases are being continually crushed"

; gavāmayaneneyuḥ-,"they, were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana-"

) ; to appear, be

: Intensive A1. /īyate- (

; parasmE-pada iyān/a-

; infinitive mood iy/adhyai-

) to go quickly or repeatedly ; to come, wander, run, spread, get about

; to appear, make one's appearance

; to approach any one with requests (with two accusative), ask, request

: Passive voice /īyate-, to be asked or requested

: Causal āyayati-, to cause to go or escape

; ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin e-o,i1-mus,i-ter,etc.; Lithuanian ei-mi4,"I go"; Slavonic or Slavonian i-du7,"I go",i-ti,"to go"; Gothic i-ddja,"I went."])

ind. an interjection of pain or anger

ind. indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, exempli gratia, 'for example' y/athā v/aśanti dev/ās t/ah/ed asat-,as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be

; d/ipsanta /id rip/avo n/āha debhuḥ-,the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt

). id- is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (exempli gratia, 'for example' viśva it-,every one indeed; śaśvad it-,constantly indeed; eka it-,one only) . At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (exempli gratia, 'for example' tvam it-,thou indeed; yadi it-,if indeed, etc.) id- occurs often in the ṛg-- veda- and atharva-- veda-, seldom in the brāhmaṇa-s, and its place is taken in classical Sanskrit by eva- and other particles.

idhmavat

(idhm/a-) mfn. furnished or provided with fuel

([misprinted idhya-]).

ihacitta

(ih/a-) mfn. one whose intentions or thoughts are in this world or place

ihakratu

(ih/a-) mfn. one whose intentions or thoughts are in this world or place

indra

m. the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere;he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt[ vajra-]the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; indra-was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual varuṇa-;in the later mythology indra-is subordinated to the triad brahman-, viṣṇu-, and śiva-, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind)

etc.

indra

m. the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (See kuṭaja-)

indradru

m. the trees Terminalia Arjuna and Wrightia Antidysenterica

indrayava

n. the seed of the Wrightia Antidysenterica

indriya

n. the number five as symbolical of the five senses. (In addition to the five organs of perception, buddhīndriyāṇi-or jñānendriyāṇi-, id est eye, ear, nose, tongue, and skin, the Hindus enumerate five organs of action, karmendriyāṇi- id est larynx, hand, foot, anus, and parts of generation;between these ten organs and the soul or ātman-stands manas-or mind, considered as an eleventh organ;in the vedānta-, manas-, buddhi-, ahaṃkāra-,and citta-form the four inner or internal organs, antar-indriyāṇi-,so that according to this reckoning the organs are fourteen in number, each being presided over by its own ruler or niyantṛ-;thus, the eye by the Sun, the ear by the Quarters of the world, the nose by the two aśvin-s, the tongue by pracetas-, the skin by the Wind, the voice by Fire, the hand by indra-, the foot by viṣṇu-, the anus by mitra-, the parts of generation by prajāpati-, manas by the Moon, buddhi- by brahman-, ahaṃkāra- by śiva-, citta by viṣṇu- as acyuta-;in the nyāya- philosophy each organ is connected with its own peculiar element, the nose with the Earth, the tongue with Water, the eye with Light or Fire, the skin with Air, the ear with Ether;the jaina-s divide the whole creation into five sections, according to the number of organs attributed to each being.)

iṅgita

n. change of the voice, internal motion, motion of various parts of the body as indicating the intentions

iṅgita

n. aim, intention, real but covert purpose

iṅgitajña

mfn. understanding signs, acquainted with the gesture of another, skilled in the expression or interpretation of internal sentiments by external gesture.

iṅgitakovida

mfn. understanding signs, acquainted with the gesture of another, skilled in the expression or interpretation of internal sentiments by external gesture.

iradh

(anomalous Intensive of rādh-) A1. (3. plural iradhanta-

) P. iradhyati-

to endeavour to gain ; to worship ([

]) (The infinitive mood ir/adhyai-(

) is by

referred to this form, and regarded as a shortened form for ir/adhadhyai-;but

refers it to īr-.)

irajya

(anomalous Intensive of raj-) P. rarely A1. irajyati-, -te-, to order, prepare, arrange ; to lead ; to dispose ; to be master of ; to grow ([

])

īritākūta

n. declared purpose or intention.

iṣ

cl.6 P., Epic and Vedic or Veda also A1. ic-ch/ati- (subjunctive icchāt-

), icchate- (

; imperfect tense aicchat-, iyeṣa-and īṣe-, eṣiṣyate-, aiṣīt-, eṣitum-or eṣṭum-), to endeavour to obtain, strive, seek for

; to endeavour to make favourable ; to desire, wish, long for, request ; to wish or be about to do anything, intend

etc. ; to strive to obtain anything (accusative) from any one (ablative or locative case) ; to expect or ask anything from any one

etc. ; to assent, be favourable, concede

; to choose

; to acknowledge, maintain, regard, think

commentator or commentary Passive voice iṣyate-, to be wished or liked ; to be wanted

etc. ; to be asked or requested ; to be prescribed or ordered

; to be approved or acknowledged ; to be accepted or regarded as

etc. ; to be worth ; to be wanted as a desideratum See 2. iṣṭi-: Causal eṣayati-, (in surgery) to probe

: Desiderative eṣiṣiṣati- ; [with iṣ- confer, compare Old German eisco7m,"I ask"; modern German heische; Anglo-Saxon a4sciani confer, compare also Greek , ; Lithuanian je0sko4ti; Russian iskate,"to seek."]

ind. an interjection of anger or pain or sorrow

īṣikā

f. a painter's brush, etc.

īṣīkā

f. a painter's brush or a fibrous stick used as one

iva

ind. so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction exempli gratia, 'for example' īṣad iva-,just a little; kiṃcid iva-,just a little bit: and after a negation exempli gratia, 'for example' na cirād iva-,very soon). iva- is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (exempli gratia, 'for example' kim iva-,what? katham iva-,how could that possibly be? kveva-,where, I should like to know?) . In the pada- texts of the ṛg-, yajur-, and atharva-- veda-, and by native grammarians, iva- is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands

iyasya

(anomalous Intensive of yas-) A1. iyasyate-, to relax, weaken ; to vanish

jabh

or jambh- (cl.1. jabhate-or jambh-

; Aorist subjunctive jambhiṣat-) to snap at (genitive case)

: Causal jambh/ayati- (parasmE-pada yat-) to crush, destroy

: Intensive jañjabhy/ate- (and bhīti-

; parasmE-pada bhy/amāna-[

], bhāna-[

], bhat-[

]) opening the jaws wide, snapping at (implying blame

) see abhi-- and jrimbh-.

jaḍa

mf(ā-)n. void of life, inanimate, unintelligent

jadātmaka

mfn. inanimate, un, intelligent.

jāḍya

n. absence of intellect or soul

jāgarūka

mf(ā-)n. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' intent on, occupied with

jagat

n. a field planted with jambū-

jaghnivat

mfn. containing an Intensive form of han-

jāgṛ

cl.2. garti- (confer, compare

; cl.1. garati-

sg. irregular gṛmi-,

;3. plural j/āgrati-

etc.[

]; imperative gṛh/i-, gṛtāt-, gṛtam-, gṛt/a-; subjunctive garat-; Potential gṛyāt-,or griy-

; imperfect tense /ajāgar-[

] ; parasmE-pada j/āgrat-; rarely A1. jāgramāṇa-

; perfect tense Vedic or Veda jāg/āra-[

] , 1. sg. g/ara-[

], parasmE-pada gṛv/as-[see sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ]; perfect tense class.[

] jajāgāra-or jāgaraṃ-cakāra-; future 2nd jāgriṣy/ati-

etc.[A1.

]; future 1st ritā-

Va1rtt. 1

; Aorist ajāgarīt-,

; Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally ajagāri-,

; preceding jāgaryāt-,

) to be awake or watchful

etc. ; to awake

; to watch over, be attentive to or intent on, care for, provide, superintend (with locative case or locative case with /adhi-)

etc. (with accusative

) ; (said of fire) to go on burning

; to be evident

; to look on

: Causal (Aorist 2. and 3. sg. /ajīgar- imperative jigṛt/am-, t/a-) to awaken

; jāgarayati-, (

; Aorist Passive voice impersonal or used impersonally añāgari-or gāri-

) idem or 'n. saffron '

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin vi1gilo.])

jahnu

m. Name of an ancient king and sage (son of aja-mīḍha-, of su-hotra-, of kuru-, of hotraka-;ancestor of the kuśika-s;the Ganges, when brought down from heaven by bhagī-ratha-'s austerities, was forced to flow over the earth and to follow him to the ocean and thence to the lower regions in order to water the ashes of sagara-'s sons;in its course it inundated the sacrificial ground of jahnu-, who drank up its waters but consented at bhagī-ratha-'s prayer to discharge them from his ears;hence the river is regarded as his daughter)

jainendravyākaraṇa

n. Name of a grammar by abhaya-nandi- (commented on by deva-nandi-, abhaya-- and soma-deva-).

jalagāhana

n. entering the water,

jalagandhebha

m. "scented water-elephant", a kind of mythic animal

jalaśaya

m. "reposing on water (id est on his serpent-couch above the waters, during the 4 months of the periodical rains and during the intervals of the submersion of the world)", viṣṇu-

jalaśayana

m. "reposing on water (id est on his serpent-couch above the waters, during the 4 months of the periodical rains and during the intervals of the submersion of the world)", viṣṇu-

jalhaṇa

m. Name (also title or epithet) of a poet (contemporary of maṅkha-),

jālinī

f. a painted room or one ornamented with pictures

jālma

mf(ī-)n. contemptible, vile (livelihood)

jālma

mf(ī-). a despised or contemptible man or woman, wretch

etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'

) .

jam

(derived fr. jam/ad-agni-) cl.1. j/amati-, to go

; to eat

: Intensive parasmE-pada jājamat- consuming continually

jambhana

m. Calotropis gigantea

jambhana

n. sexual intercourse

(varia lectio)

jambūlamālikā

f. " jambūla- garland", jesting compliments addressed to the bridegroom by his female relatives (Scholiast or Commentator;"brightness of countenance in a bride and bridegroom",

)

jaṃh

Intensive 3. sg. j/aṅgahe-, to move quickly, sprawl, kick

; ([ confer, compare abhi-vi--; jagh/ana-, jaṅgh/ā-; Gothic gagg-an; Lithuanian zeng.ti.])

jan

cl.1. ([

]) and cl.10. j/anati-, te- (subjunctive janat-

; nāt-

; A1. nata-

; imperfect tense /ajanat-

; parasmE-pada j/anat-), jan/ayati-, te- (in later language only P.

; subjunctive n/ayat-; imperfect tense /ajanayat-; Aorist /ajījanat-; parasmE-pada jan/ayat-; infinitive mood j/anayitavai-

) , twice cl.3. (subjunctive jaj/anat-

[

] ; confer, compare

; proper jajanti-

; Aorist A1. j/aniṣṭa-; A1. /ajani-

; perf. jaj/āna-; 3. plural jajñ/ur-

etc.; once jajan/ur-,

; parasmE-pada jñivas-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood j/anitos-,

;[

];Ved. ind.p. nitv/ī-

) to generate, beget, produce, create, cause

etc. ; to produce (a song of praise, etc.)

; (cl.10. or Causal) to cause to be born

; to assign, procure

; cl.4. j/āyate- (Epic also ti-; imperfect tense /ajāyata-; pr. p. jayamāna-;fut. janiṣyate-;aor. /ajaniṣṭa-;1.[

] and 3. sg. /ajani-; 3. sg. j/ani-,

; j/āni-,

; perf. jajñ/e-,2. sg. jñiṣ/e-3. plural jñir/e-, parasmE-pada jñān/a-) and ([

]) cl.2. (?) A1. (2. sg. jañiṣ/e-,2. plural jiñre-, niṣvā-[

], nidhvam- confer, compare

; imperfect tense 3. p. ajñata-[ Aorist

]

) , twice cl.1 A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural ajanatā-

; parasmE-pada j/anamāna-,

) to be born or produced, come into existence

etc. ; to grow (as plants, teeth)

; to be born as, be by birth or nature (with double Nominal verb)

; to be born or destined for (accusative)

(varia lectio jayate-for jāy-) ; to be born again

; to become, be

etc. ; to be changed into (dative case)

; to take place, happen

; to be possible or applicable or suitable

; to generate, produce

: Passive voice janyate-, to be born or produced

: Desiderative jijaniṣati-,

: Intensive jañjanyate- and jājāy-,

(confer, compare

) ; ([ confer, compare Latin gigno,(g)nascor; Hibernian or Irish genim,"I beget, generate."])

jaṅgama

mf(ā-)n. (

; gam-, Intensive) moving, locomotive (opposed to stationary, sthāvara-or sthira-), living

etc.

jaṅghāla

m. "running swiftly, runner", a class of animals (antelopes etc.)

jāṅghika

m. a kind of antelope

jañjapūka

mfn. ( jap-, Intensive

) muttering prayers repeatedly

janman

n. birth, production ( kṛtajanman kṛta-janman- mfn."planted"

), origin (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'"born from" exempli gratia, 'for example' śūdra-. q.v)

etc.

janyavṛtti

f. contest, fight,

jap

cl.1. j/apati- (rarely A1.

; perfect tense jajāpa-; 3. du. jepatur-

; infinitive mood japitum-

; ind.p. ptvā-

; pitvā-

) to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (especially prayers or incantations)

etc. ; to pray to any one (accusative) in a low voice

; to invoke or call upon in a low voice

: Intensive jañjapyate-, pīti- (

; parasmE-pada py/amāna-) to whisper repeatedly (implying blame,

)

jaras

m. of a hunter who wounded kṛṣṇa-

jarat

mf(atī-)n. (pr. p. 1 jṝ-

) old, ancient, infirm, decayed, dry (as herbs), no longer frequented (as temples) or in use

etc. (often in compound [

]

etc.)

jarbhari

mfn. ( bhṛ-, Intensive; reduplicated like in perfect tense) supporting (

)

jas

cl.1 A1. (parasmE-pada j/asamāna-) to be exhausted or starved

: P. j/asati-, to go

: cl.4 P. to liberate

: Causal jāsayati- (Aorist ajījasata-,2. dual number jajast/am-) to exhaust, weaken, cause to expire

; to hurt (see

)

; to strike,

; to contemn

; see uj--, ni-- ; projjāsana-.

jaṭhara

n. ([m.]) the stomach, belly, abdomen, bowels, womb, interior of anything, cavity

etc.

jaya

m. of a carpenter

jayanta

n. barley planted at the commencement of the daśa-harā- and gathered at its close

jayapatākā

f. a small banner presented to a victorious fighter

jhaṅki

f. Name (also title or epithet) of a kind of dramatic language entertainment (tableaux vivants).

jhaṅkī

f. Name (also title or epithet) of a kind of dramatic language entertainment (tableaux vivants).

jhaṭ

cl.1. ṭati-, to become entangled or intermixed

; see uj-jhaṭita-.

cl.1. j/ayati-, te- (imperfect tense /ajayat-; Aorist ajaiṣīt-,Ved. /ajais-,1. plural /ajaiṣma-, j/eṣma-,2. sg. jes-and A1. j/eṣi- subjunctive j/eṣat-, ṣas-, ṣāma-

; Aorist A1. ajeṣṭa-; future 1st. j/etā-

etc.; future

jeṣy/ati-,

; perfect tense jig/āya-[

], jigetha-, jigyur-; parasmE-pada jigīv/as-[ giv/as-

; accusative plural gy/uṣas-]

etc.; infinitive mood jiṣ/e-,

; j/etave-

; Classical jetum-: Passive voice jīyate-, ajīyata-[

], ajāyi-, jāyiṣyate-;for j/īyate-and cl.9. jin/āti-See jyā-) to win or acquire (by conquest or in gambling), conquer (in battle), vanquish (in a game or lawsuit), defeat, excel, surpass

etc. (with p/unar-,"to reconquer"

) ; to conquer (the passions), overcome or remove (any desire or difficulties or diseases)

etc. ; to expel from (ablative)

; to win anything (accusative) from (accusative), vanquish anyone (accusative) in a game (accusative)

; to be victorious, gain the upper hand

; often proper in the sense of an imperative "long live!""glory to"

etc.: Causal jāpayati- (

) to cause to win

; (Aorist 2. pl, /ajījipata-and /ajījap-)

; to conquer

(Aorist ajījayat-): Passive voice jāpyate-, to be made to conquer

: Desiderative j/igīṣati-, te- (

; parasmE-pada ṣat-, ṣamāṇa-) to wish to win or obtain or conquer or excel

etc. ; (A1.) to seek for prey

: Intensive jejīyate-

jigamiṣā

f. intention to go

jigamiṣu

mfn. intending to go

jighāṃsā

f. wish or intention to strike or slay or destroy

etc.

jighāṃsaka

mfn. ( han- Desiderative) intending to kill

jighāṃsin

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' intending to kill

jighṛkṣā

f. ( grah-,Dosid.) wish or intention to take or seize

(varia lectio)

jighṛkṣu

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' or with accusative) intending to take or seize

(varia lectio)

jighṛkṣutā

f. intention of robbing

jihīrṣu

mfn. (with accusative) intending to bring

jīrṇajvara

m. a lingering fever with diminishing intensity

jīvasamāsa

m. Name of work (commented on by

)

jīvavicāra

m. "disquisition on life", Name of a Jain work by śānti-sūri- (commented on by bhāva-sundara-, meghanandana-, and īśvarācārya-)

jñā

cl.9 P.A1. jān/āti-, nit/e- (see

; subjunctive nat-; imperative nītat-,2. sg. nīh/i-,once irregular jña-

;[fr. cl.3.] jijāhi-

;2. plural irregular nata-.

;2. sg. A1. irregular nase-

; parasmE-pada n/at-, nān/a- irregular namāna-[

]; perfect tense jajñau-, jñe-[ Passive voice

] , 3. plural jñ/ur-

; parasmE-pada jñān/a-

; future jñāsyati-, te-; Aorist ajñāsīt-, sta- Passive voice /ajñāyi-,

; Potential jñāyāt-or jñey-

;2. sg. jñeyas- equals

; infinitive mood jñātum-) to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with (accusative;rarely genitive case

), perceive, apprehend, understand (also with infinitive mood [

]

) , experience, recognise, ascertain, investigate

etc. ; to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as (with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' tasya māṃ tanayāṃ jānīta-,"know me to be his daughter"

;with mṛṣā-,"to consider as untrue"

)

etc. ; to acknowledge, approve, allow

; to recognise as one's own, take possession of

; to visit as a friend

; to remember (with genitive case)

; A1. to engage in (genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' sarpiṣo-,"to make an oblation with clarified butter")

: Causal jñapayati-, to teach any one (accusative)

; jñāp- (Passive voice jñāpyate-) to make known, announce, teach anything

and

; to inform any one (genitive case) that (double accusative)

; A1. to request, ask

(jñap-)

(jñāp-): Desiderative jijñāsate- (

; Epic also P.) to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine

etc. ; to wish for information about (accusative)

; to conjecture

: Causal Desiderative jijñapayiṣati- (also jñāp-

) and jñīpsati- (see psyamāna-), to wish to make known or inform

; ([ see etc.])

jña

mf(ā-)n. intelligent, having a soul, wise, (m.) a wise and learned man

jñāna

n. knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (especially) the higher knowledge (derived from meditation on the one Universal Spirit)

etc.

jñānacakṣus

n. the eye of intelligence, inner eye, intellectual vision

(see dīrgha-)

jñānaghana

m. pure or mere knowledge or intellect,

jñānaketu

m. "having marks of intelligence", Name of a man

jñānaśakti

f. "intellectual faculty"

jñānaśaktimat

mfn. possessing intellectual faculty

jñānātman

m. the intellectual soul

jñānavat

mfn. endowed with knowledge or science, intelligent, wise, having spiritual knowledge

etc.

jñānin

mfn. knowing, endowed with knowledge or intelligence, wise, (opposed to vi--) knowing the higher knowledge or knowledge of spirit (

)

etc.

jñapti

f. the exercise of the intellectual faculty, intelligence

jñaśakti

f. the intellectual faculty

jñatā

f. intelligence

jñāti

m. "intimately acquainted" (confer, compare Gothic kno1di), a near relation ("paternal relation"

and Scholiast or Commentator; confer, compare sam-bandhin-), kinsman

jñātra

n. the intellectual faculty

jñatva

n. intelligence

jñeyatā

f. intelligibleness

jṛ

cl.1 A1. (2. dual number jarethe-and imperative thām- jarante-, rasva- parasmE-pada j/aramāṇa-) to come near, approach

jṛmbh

(see jabh-) cl.1 A1. jr/imbhate- (Epic also P. bhati-; parasmE-pada bhamāṇa-; perfect tense jajṛmbhe-; ind.p. jṛmbhitvā-) to open the mouth, yawn

etc. ; to gape open, open (as a flower)

; to fly back or recoil (as a bow when unstrung)

; to unstring a bow

; to unfold, spread (as a flood etc.), expand, occupy a larger circuit

; to spread (as sound),

; to feel at ease

: Causal (perfect tense jṛmbhayām āsa-) to cause to yawn

: Intensive jarījṛmbhate-, to spread everywhere

jugupiṣu

mfn. ( gup- Desiderative) intending to protect.

juhūṣu

mfn. ( hu- Desiderative) intending to sacrifice (with accusative)

juṣ

cl.6 A1. ṣ/ate- (also P.

[ ṣ/at-, /ajuṣat-]

etc.; subjunctive ṣāte-; Potential ṣ/eta-;3. plural ṣerata-

; imperative ṣ/atām-; imperfect tense ajuṣata-,

;1. sg. /ajuṣe-

; parasmE-pada ṣ/amāṇa-) cl.3. P. irregular j/ujoṣati- (subjunctive and parasmE-pada j/ujoṣat-; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 2; imperative 2. plural juṣṭana-

) , rarely cl.1 P. joṣati- (subjunctive j/oṣat-;- Aorist parasmE-pada juṣāṇ/a-;3. plural ajuṣran-,

;2. sg. j/oṣi-,

;3. sg. j/oṣiṣat-,

[ confer, compare

]; perfect tense juj/oṣa-, juṣ/e-; parasmE-pada juṣv/as-,generally ṣāṇ/a-; ind.p. juṣṭv/ī-

) to be pleased or satisfied or favourable

etc. ; to like, be fond of delight in (accusative or genitive case), enjoy

(with tanvām-or v/as-,"to be delighted",

)

etc. ; to have pleasure in granting anything (accusative) to (locative case)

; to have pleasure in (dative case), resolve to (Ved. infinitive mood),

; to give pleasure to (locative case)

; to choose for (dative case)

; to devote one's self to (accusative), practise, undergo, suffer

; to delight in visiting, frequent, visit, inhabit, enter (a carriage etc.)

; to afflict

: Causal A1. (subjunctive 2. sg. joṣ/ayāse-) to like, love, behave kindly towards (accusative), cherish

; to delight in, approve of(accusative), choose

; (P. confer, compare

)

; ([ confer, compare ; Zend zaoSa; Hibernian or Irish gus; Gothic kiusu; Latin gus-tus.])

juṣṭa

mfn. frequented, visited, inhabited

jūti

f. flowing without interruption

jval

cl.1 P. jv/alati- (Epic also A1.; parasmE-pada lat-; Aorist ajvālīt-

;3. plural ajvaliṣur-

) to burn brightly, blaze, glow, shine

etc. ; to burn (as a wound)

: Causal jvalayati- or jvāl-, to set on fire, light, kindle, make radiant, illuminate

(A1.)

etc.: Intensive jājvalati- (

) or lyate- (

; parasmE-pada lyamāna-) to flame violently, shine strongly, be brilliant

jyā

(see ji-) cl.9 P. jin/āti- (Potential nīy/āt-; parasmE-pada n/at-; perfect tense jijy/au-; future jyāsyati-

; ind.p. -jyāya-,

) Vedic or Veda to overpower, oppress, deprive any one (accusative) of property (accusative)

etc. ; (derived fr. jy/āyas-,"senior") to become old

: cl.4 A1. j/īyate- or Passive voice y/ate-, Vedic or Veda to be oppressed or treated badly, be deprived of property (or everything, sarva-jyān/im-

)

etc.: Causal jyāpayati-, to call any one old

: Desiderative (parasmE-pada j/ijyāsat-) to wish to overpower

: Intensive jejīyate-

; see pari-- ; .

jyeṣṭhasāman

mfn. a chanter of that sāman-

jyotis

n. light (of the sun, dawn, fire, lightning, etc.;also plural), brightness (of the sky)

etc. (tr/īṇi jy/otīṃṣi-,light appearing in the 3 worlds, viz. on earth, in the intermediate region, and in the sky or heaven [the last being called uttam/a-

;or /uttara-,

;or tṛt/īya-

]

;also personified as"fire"on earth,"ether or air"in the intermediate region, and"sun"in the sky

;"fire, sun and moon"

)

jyotis

n. light as the divine principle of life or source of intelligence, intelligence

kas-, kā-, kim-, interrog. pronoun (See kim-and 2. kad-,and see the following words in which the interrogative base ka-appears, katama-, katara-, kati-, katham-, kadā-, karhi-, kā-,etc.) , who? which? what? In its declension ka- follows the pronoun tad- except in Nominal verb accusative singular neut., where kim- has taken the place of kad- or kat- in classical Sanskrit

but the old form kad- is found in the veda- (See

) ; ([ confer, compare Zend ka,ko7,kA7,kat; Greek , (Ion.,) , ; Latin quis,quid; Lithuanian kas k/a-; Gothic hvas,hvo7,hva, Anglo-Saxon hwa1,hwaet; English who,what.]) The interrogative sentence introduced by ka- is often terminated by iti- (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putra iti kathyatām-,let it be said, "whose son is he?") , but iti- may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putro na jñāyate-,it is not known whose son he is) . ka- with or without 1. as- may express"how is it possible that?""what power have I, you, they, etc.?" (exempli gratia, 'for example' ke mama dhanvino'nye-,what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum-,what power have we to rescue you?) ka- is often connected with a demonstrative pronoun (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko 'yam āyāti-,who comes here?) or with the potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko hariṃ nindet-,who will blame hari-?) ka- is sometimes repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ ko 'tra-,who is there? kān kān-,whom? whom? id est which of them? confer, compare Gram. 54) , and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (exempli gratia, 'for example' keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam-,which book is to be read by whom? Gram. 836. a-). When kim- is connected with the inst. Calcutta edition of a noun or with the indecl. participle it may express"what is gained by doing so, etc.?" (equals ko'rthas-)

(exempli gratia, 'for example' kiṃ vilambena-,what is gained by delay? kim bahunā-,what is the use of more words? dhanena kiṃ yo na dadāti-,what is the use of wealth to him who does not give? with inst. and genitive case, nīrujaḥ kim auṣadhaiḥ-,what is the use of medicine to the healthy?) ka- is often followed by the particles iva-, u-, nāma-, nu-, vā-, svid-, some of which serve merely to generalize the interrogation (exempli gratia, 'for example' kim iva etad-,what can this be? ka u śravat-,who can possibly hear? ko nāma jānāti-,who indeed knows? ko nv ayam-,who, pray, is this? kiṃ nu kāryam-,what is to be done? ko vā devād anyaḥ-,who possibly other than a god? kasya svid hṛdayaṃ nāsti-,of what person is there no heart?) ka- is occasionally used alone as an indefinite pronoun, especially in negative sentences (exempli gratia, 'for example' na kasya ko vallabhaḥ-,no one is a favourite of any one; nānyo jānāti kaḥ-,no one else knows; kathaṃ sa ghātayati kam-,how does he kill any one?) Generally, however, ka- is only made indefinite when connected with the particles ca-, can/a-, cid-, vā-,and /api-, in which case ka- may sometimes be preceded by the relative ya- (exempli gratia, 'for example' ye ke ca-,any persons whatsoever; yasyai kasyai ca devatāyai-,to any deity whatsoever; yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi-,any friends whatsoever; yat kiṃca-,whatever) . The particle cana-, being composed of ca-and na-, properly gives a negative force to the pronoun (exempli gratia, 'for example' yasmād indrād ṛte kiṃcana-,without which indra- there is nothing) , but the negative sense is generally dropped (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaścana-,any one; na kaścana-,no one) , and a relative is sometimes connected with it (exempli gratia, 'for example' yat kiṃcana-,anything whatsoever) . Examples of cid- with the interrogative are common

kā

= kan- (perf. cake-, cakān/a-;See k/āyamāna- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order), to seek, desire, yearn, love (with accusative and dative case)

; to like, enjoy, be satisfied with (locative case genitive case or inst.)

: Intensive (parasmE-pada cāk/at-) to please, be sought after, be wished for, satisfy

(see anu--, ā--, saṃ--3. kā-, kāti-.)

kacahasta

m. thick or ornamented hair, beautiful hair

kacapakṣa

m. thick or ornamented hair.

kad

ind. (originally the neuter form of the interrogative pronoun ka-), a particle of interrogation (= Latin nonne,num)

kad

ind. kac-cid- is also used, like the simple kad-, as a particle of interrogation (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaccid dṛṣṭā tvayā rājan damayantī-,was damayantī- seen by thee, O king?)

kaccid- may be translated by"I hope that"

kadalin

m. a kind of antelope

kadarthanīya

mfn. (fr. the next) , to be tormented or troubled

kadarthīkṛti

f. contempt, disdain

kadvada

mfn. contemptible, vile, base

kāhī

f. the plant Wrightia antidysenterica

kākatālukin

mfn. having the palate of a crow, contemptible commentator or commentary on

kakṣa

m. an inner recess, the interior of a forest

kakṣāvekṣaka

m. a player, painter

kakṣāya

Nom. A1. kakṣāyate-, to wait for any one in a hidden place, lie in ambush ; to intend anything wicked

kakṣīkṛta

mfn. assented, held, promised, admitted.

kakubh

f. unornamented hair or the hair hanging down like a tail

kal

cl.10 P. (rarely A1.) kālayati- (te-), to push on, drive forward, drive before one's self or away, carry off

; to go after (with hostile intention), persecute

; to count, tell over

; to throw

; to announce the time (?).

kalā

f. interest on a capital (considered as a certain part of it)

kāla

m. time (as destroying all things), death, time of death (often personified and represented with the attributes of yama-, regent of the dead, or even identified with him: hence kālam-i-or kālaṃ-kṛ-,"to die"

etc.; kāla-in this sense is frequently connected with antaka-, mṛtyu- exempli gratia, 'for example' abhy-adhāvata prajāḥ kāla ivāntakaḥ-,"he attacked the people like Time the destroyer"

; see kālāntaka-; kāla-personified is also a devarṣi- in indra-'s court, and a son of dhruva-

)

kālacakra

n. the wheel of time (time represented as a wheel which always turns round)

etc.

kalaha

m. (n.

) strife, contention, quarrel, fight

etc.

kalahakāra

mf(ī-)n. quarrelsome, turbulent, contentious, pugnacious

kalahakārin

mfn. quarrelsome, contentious.

kalahapriya

mf(ā-)n. fond of contention, quarrelsome, turbulent

kalahāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to quarrel, contend

kalahin

mfn. contentious, quarrelsome

kālaka

mf(ikā-)n. to be paid monthly (as interest, vṛddhi-).

kālakṛta

mfn. appointed (as to time), lent or deposited (by a giver) for a certain time

kalāntara

(kalāntara-) n. interest

kālāntara

n. "interval, intermediate time"

kālāntarakṣama

mfn. able to bear an interval of delay

kalāpa

m. a clever and intelligent man

kālaparivāsa

m. standing for a time (so as to become stale or fermented)

kālapātrika

m. a kind of mendicant whose alms-dish is painted black

kālapṛṣṭha

m. "having a black back", a species of antelope

kalāpūrṇa

mfn. filled up or counterbalanced by the sixteenth part of (genitive case), (na kalā-pūrṇo mama-,he is not equal to the sixteenth part of myself id est he is far under me)

kālasāra

m. the black antelope

kālaviprakarṣa

m. interval of time,

kālaviprakarṣa

m. distance in time, interval,

kālavṛddhi

f. periodical interest (payable monthly, etc.)

(see 2. kālaka-.)

kāleyaka

m. a particular part of the intestines (different fr. the liver)

kali

m. strife, discord, quarrel, contention (personified as the son of krodha-,"Anger", and hiṃsā-,"Injury", and as generating with his sister durukti-,"Calumny."two children, viz. bhaya-,"Fear", and mṛtyu-,"Death"

)

etc.

kalikṛt

mfn. contentious, quarrelling.

kaliṅga

m. Wrightia antidysenteria

kaliṅga

n. the seed of Wrightia antidysenteria

kāliṅga

mn. the plant Wrightia antidysenterica

kaliṅgabīja

n. the seed of Wrightia antidysenteria

kaliṅgaka

m. the seed of Wrightia antidysenteria

kāliṅgaka

m. the plant Wrightia antidysenterica

kalki

m. Name of the tenth incarnation of viṣṇu- when he is to appear mounted on a white horse and wielding a drawn sword as destroyer of the wicked (this is to take place at the end of the four yuga-s or ages)

kālpanika

mfn. (fr. kalpanā-), existing only in fancy, invented, fictitious

kalpita

mfn. composed, invented

kāluṣya

n. disturbance or interruption of harmony

kalyāṇābhiniveśin

mfn. intent on virtue or on benefiting others

kam

ind. a particle of interrogation (like kad-and kim-)

kam

cl.1 A1. (not used in the conjugational tenses) cakame-, kamitā-, kamiṣyate-, acakamata-

to wish, desire, long for

etc. ; to love, be in love with, have sexual intercourse with

: Causal A1. (Epic also P.) kāmayate-, -ti-, kāmayāṃ-cakre-, acīkamata-, etc. ; to wish, desire, long for (with accusative or infinitive mood or Potential

; exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmaye bhuñjīta bhavān-,I wish your worship may eat; kāmaye dātum-,I wish to give

)

etc. ; to love, be in love with, have sexual intercourse with

etc. ; to cause any one to love

(in that sense P.

) ; (with bahu-or aty-artham-) to rate or value highly

: Desiderative cikamiṣate- and cikāmayiṣate-: Intensive caṃkamyate-; ([ confer, compare Latin comis; alsoamo,with the loss of the initial, forcamo;cA7-rusforcam-rus: Hibernian or Irish caemh,"love, desire;fine, handsome, pleasant ";caomhach,"a friend, companion";caomhaim,"I save, spare, protect"; Armenian kamim.])

kām

ind. an interjection used in calling out to another

kāma

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') desirous of, desiring, having a desire or intention (see go-k-, dharma-k-;frequently with infinitive mood in tu- see tyaktu-k-.)

kāmakeli

m. "love-sport", amorous sport, sexual intercourse

kāmakṛta

mfn. done intentionally or knowingly

kāmam

ind. (as a particle of assent) well, very well, granted, admitted that, indeed, really, surely

kāmam

ind. granted that, in spite of that, notwithstanding

etc.

kāmam

ind. though, although, supposing that (usually with imperative)

(kāmaṃ-na-or na tu-or na ca-,rather than exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmam ā maraṇāt tiṣṭhed gṛhe kanyā-- na enām prayacchet tu guṇa-hīnāya-,"rather should a girl stay at home till her death, than that he should give her to one void of excellent qualities"

;the negative sentence with na-or natu-or na ca-may also precede, or its place may be taken by an interrogative sentence exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmaṃ nayatu māṃ devaḥ kim ardhenātmano hi me-,"rather let the god take me, what is the use to me of half my existence?"

; kāmaṃ-- tu-or kiṃ tu-or ca-or punar-or athāpi-or tathāpi-,well, indeed, surely, truly, granted, though - however, notwithstanding, nevertheless exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmaṃ tvayā parityaktā gamiṣyāmi-- imaṃ tu bālaṃ saṃtyaktuṃ-, nārhasi-,"granted that forsaken by thee I shall go - this child however thou must not forsake"

;or the disjunctive particles may be left out

; yady-api-kāmaṃ tathāpi-,though - nevertheless

)

kāmāndhasaṃjña

mfn. one whose intellect is blinded with pleasure,

kāmāṅkuśa

m. the pointed hook by which the god of love excites or inflames lovers

kāmapīḍita

mfn. tormented with lust or irregular desires.

kāmāsakta

mfn. intent on gratifying desire, engrossed with love, deeply in love

kāmāt

ind. for one's own pleasure, of one's own free will, of one's own accord, willingly, intentionally

kāmatas

ind. of one's own accord, of one's own free will, willingly, intentionally, by consent

(see a-kāma-tas-.)

kāmaveśin

mfn. entering at will,

kamp

cl.1 A1. (Epic also P.) kampate- (-ti-), cakampe-, kampiṣyate-, akampiṣṭa-, kampitā- (

) , to tremble, shake

etc.: Causal P. A1. kampayati-, -te-, to cause or make to tremble, shake

; to pronounce in a tremulous manner (id est with a thrill or shake) : Desiderative cikampiṣate-: Intensive caṃkampyate-, caṃkampti-; ([ confer, compare Greek Hibernian or Irish cabho7g,"hastening."])

kāmya

mf(ā-)n. optional (opposed to nitya-or indispensable observance), performed through the desire of some object or personal advantage (as a religious ceremony etc.), done from desire of benefit or from interested motives

etc.

kāmyā

f. will, purpose, intention (exempli gratia, 'for example' yat-kāmy/ā-,irreg. instrumental case"with which intention"

)

; ([ confer, compare Zend khshathro1-ka1mya,"wish for dominion."])

kāmyābhiprāya

m. self-interested motive or purpose.

kāmyakarman

n. any act or ceremony done from interested or selfish motives.

kāmyatva

n. the state of being done from desire or from interested motives, selfishness

kan

(kā-in veda-) cl.1 P. kanati-, cakāna-, cake-, akānīt-, kanitā-, etc.

; (Aorist 1. sg. akāniṣam-,2. sg. kāniṣas-

), to be satisfied or pleased

; to agree to, accept with satisfaction

; to shine ; to go

: Intensive P. (subjunctive cāk/anat-; Potential cākanyāt-; perfect tense 1. sg. cākana-) ; A1. (subjunctive 3. plural cāk/ananta-and cak/ananta-

), to be satisfied with, like, enjoy (with locative case genitive case,or instrumental case)

; to please, be liked or wished for (with genitive case of the person)

; to strive after, seek, desire, wish (with accusative or dative case)

; ([ confer, compare kā-, kai-, kam-, kvan-,and can-: confer, compare also Zend -kan; Greek ; Anglo-Saxon hana; Latin canus,caneo,candeo,candela(?); Hibernian or Irish canu,"full moon."])

kanakādhyakṣa

m. the superintendent of gold, treasurer.

kandarāntara

n. the interior of a cave

kanikrada

mfn. ( krand-, Intensive) , neighing

kāniṣṭhineya

m. (plural) commentator or commentary on

(kaniṣ-printed text) .

kaṅkaṇin

mfn. ornamented with a bracelet

kāṅkṣ

(connected with kam-) cl.1 P. kāṅkṣati- (cakāṅkṣa-, akāṅkṣīt-

), Epic also A1. te-, to wish, desire, long for, hope for (with accusative), expect, wait for, await (with accusative), strive to obtain, look for anything (dative case)

: Causal kāṅkṣayati-, acakāṅkṣat-

Va1rtt. 1: Desiderative cikāṅkṣiṣati-: Intensive cākāṅkṣyate- and cākāṃṣṭi-.

kānta

m. Name of a metre of four lines of seventeen syllables each

kaṇṭaka

m. anything pointed, the point of a pin or needle, a prickle, sting

kaṇṭakāla

m. Artocarpus Integrifolia

kaṇṭakaphala

m. Artocarpus Integrifolia

kāṇvāyani

m. a descendant of kaṇva-

according to

(kaṇv-in printed text)

commentator or commentary on

kānyakubjī

f. a princess or a female inhabitant of kānyakubja- commentator or commentary on

[In

wrongly printed kānyākubja-.]

kapāla

m. Name of an intermediate caste

kapāṭatoraṇavat

mfn. furnished with doors surmounted by ornamental arches

kapolapattra

n. a mark painted on the cheek

kāpuruṣa

m. (fr. 2. kā-

), a contemptible man, coward, wretch

kāra

according to to some in

also,"gain, prize, booty";"contest, war"

karahāṭaka

m. a series of six śloka-s with one sentence running through commentator or commentary on

kāraka

mf(ikā-)n. intending to act or do

kārakagupti

f. a sentence with a hidden subject

karālita

mfn. magnified, intensified

karambita

mfn. intermingled, mixed

etc.

karaṇa

m. (in grammar) a sound or word as an independent part of speech (or as separated from the context;in this sense usually n.)

commentator or commentary on

karaṇa

n. (in grammar) a sound or word as an independent part of speech, separated from its context

etc., (karaṇa-may be used in this way like kāra- exempli gratia, 'for example' iti-karaṇa-

)

karaṇa

n. a posture in sexual intercourse

kāraṇa

n. a cause (in philosophy id est that which is invariably antecedent to some product see samavāyi-k-, asamavāyi-k-, nimitta-k-)

karāṅgaṇa

m. a much-frequented market

kārikā

f. interest

kāritā

f. (scilicet vṛddhi-) forced to be paid, interest exceeding the legal rate of interest

commentator or commentary on

karmacaṇḍāla

m. "a caṇḍāla- by work"(as opposed to a born caṇḍāla-), a contemptible man

karmādhyakṣa

m. overseer or superintendent of actions

karmagupta

n. a kind of artificial sentence which has the object hidden,

karmajña

mfn. acquainted with religious rites

karmāntara

n. interval between religious actions, suspense of such an action

karṇa

m. Calotropis Gigantea

kārṇaveṣṭakika

mf(ī-)n. (fr. karṇa-veṣṭaka-), ornamented with or fit for ear-rings

kārṣṇa

mf(ī-)n. (fr. kṛṣṇ/a-), coming from or belonging to the black antelope, made of the skin of the black antelope

kārṣṇa

n. the skin of the black antelope

kārṣṇājina

mfn. (fr. kriṣṇājin/a-), made from the skin of the black antelope

kartṛ

m. (in grammar) the agent of an action (who acts of his own accord[ sva-tantra-]), the active noun, the subject of a sentence (it stands either in the Nominal verb [in active construction], or in the instrumental case [in passive construction], or in the genitive case [in connection with a noun of action];it is opposed to karman-,the object)

etc.

kartṛgupta

n. (a kind of artificial sentence) in which the subject or agent is hidden,

kārttikeya

m. Name of a son of śiva- and pārvatī- (popularly regarded as god of war, because he leads the gaṇa-s or hosts of śiva- against the demon hostsSee

p.213; according to to one legend he was son of śiva- without the intervention of pārvatī-, the generative energy of śiva- being cast into the fire and then received by the Ganges, whence he is sometimes described as son of agni- and gaṅgā-;when born he was fostered by the six kṛttikā-s q.v,and these offering their six breasts to the child he became six-headed;he is also called kumāra-, skanda-, and subrahmaṇya-;his N. kārttikeya- may be derived from his foster mothers or from the month kārttika- as the best for warfare: in the

and elsewhere he is regarded as presiding over thieves)

kartukāma

mfn. desirous or intending to do.

kārūṣa

m. an intermediate caste or man of that caste

kārya

n. occupation, matter, thing, enterprise, emergency, occurrence, crisis

kāryadarśin

m. an inspector or superintendent of affairs.

kāryādhikārin

m. a superintendent of affairs, minister

kāryakāla

m. time for action, appointed time, season, opportunity

kāryakartṛ

m. one who works in the interest of (genitive case)

kāryāntara

n. interval of business, leisure

kāryārtha

m. the object of a business or enterprise

kāryekṣaṇa

n. superintendence of public affairs

kāryodyukta

mfn. engaged in any business, intent upon any object.

kas

cl.1 P. kasati- (

) , to go, move, approach

; (perf. cakāsa- equals śuśubhe- commentator or commentary) to beam, shine

: Intensive canīkasīti-, canīkasyate-

(see kaś-, kaṃs-, niḥ-kas-,and vi-kas-.)

kāś

cl.1 A1. kāśate- (perf. cakāśe-,3. plural śire-), to be visible, appear

etc. ; to shine, be brilliant, have an agreeable appearance

: cl.4. kāśyate-

: Intensive P. A1. c/ākaśīti-, cākaśy/ate-, to shine brightly

; to see clearly, survey

Va1rtt. 1

kāśirāma

m. Name of a scholiast (who commented on the tithitattva- and several other works).

kaṣṭāya

Nom. A1. kaṣṭāyate-, to have wicked intentions

vArttika

kāṣṭhagarbha

mfn. woody in the interior

kāṣṭhatakṣ

m. "cutting and framing timber", a carpenter

kāśyapī

f. the earth (according to a legend of the purāṇa-s, paraśu-rāma-, after the destruction of the kṣatriya- race and the performance of an aśvamedha- sacrifice, presented the sovereignty of the earth to kaśyapa-)

kāt

ind. a prefix implying contempt (see 2. kad-), only in compound with

kaṭakavalayin

mfn. ornamented with a bracelet and an armlet

katama

mfn(at-). when followed by ca- and preceded yatama- an indefinite expression is formed equivalent to"any whosoever","any whatsoever", etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' yatamad eva katamac ca vidyāt-he may know anything whatsoever) . In negative sentences katama- with cana- or katama- with api- = not even one, none at all (exempli gratia, 'for example' na katamaccanāhaḥ-,not even on a single day, on no day at all)

katara

mfn. in negative sentences katara- with cana- = neither of the two (exempli gratia, 'for example' na kataraś-cana jigye-), neither of the two was conquered

; ([ confer, compare Zend kata1ra; Greek , ; Gothic hvathar; English whether; Latin uter; Old German huedar; Slavonic or Slavonian kotoryi.])

kathā

ind. sometimes merely a particle of interrogation (exempli gratia, 'for example' kath/ā śṛṇoti-.. /indraḥ-,does indra- hear?

; kath/ā-kath/ā-,whether-or?

) .

kathākrama

m. uninterrupted progress of conversation, continuous conversation

katham

ind. sometimes katham- merely introduces an interrogation (exempli gratia, 'for example' katham ātmānaṃ nivedayāmi kathaṃ vātmāpahāraṃ karomi-,shall I declare myself or shall I withdraw?) katham- is often found in connection with the particles iva-, nāma-, nu-, svid-, which appear to generalize the interrogation (how possibly? how indeed? etc.)

katham

ind. with nu- it is sometimes equals kimu-, or kutas- (exempli gratia, 'for example' katkaṃ nu-,how much more! na kathaṃ nu-,how much less!) katham- is often connected, like kim-, with the particles cana-, cid-, and api-, which give an indefinite sense to the interrogative (exempli gratia, 'for example' kathaṃ cana-,in any way, some how;scarcely, with difficulty; na kathaṃ cana-,in no way at all; kathaṃcit-,some how or other, by some means or other, in any way, with some difficulty, scarcely, in a moderate degree, a little; na kathaṃcit-,not at all, in no way whatever; na kathaṃcid na-,in no way not id est most decidedly; yathā kathaṃcit-,in any way whatsoever; kathaṃcid yadi jīvati-,it is with difficulty that he lives; katham api-,some how or other, with some difficulty, scarcely a little; katham api na-,by no means, not at all)

kathāvaśeṣa

m. (kathāva-) a narrative as the only remainder, (ṃ-gam-,to enter into a state in which nothing is left but the story of one's life id est to die

)

kathodghāta

m. (in dramatic language) the opening of a drama by the character that first enters overhearing and repeating the last words of the sūtradhāra- or manager (see udghātyaka-)

kaṭhorībhū

to grow strong, become hard or intense

kaṭu

mf(vī-and us-)n. pungent, stimulating (as smell), strong-scented, ill-smelling

etc.

kauśāmbī

f. (gaRa nady-ādi-), Name of an ancient city (now represented by the village of Kosam, on the Jumna, near Allahabad;also called vatsa-pattana-)

kausīdya

n. sloth, indolence

(printed edition kauṣ-)

kauśika

m. (gaRa bidādi-) patronymic of viśvā-mitra- (who was the son or grandson of kuśika-), interpolation after

kauṭa

m. (equals kuṭa-ja-) Wrightia antidysenterica

kauṭaja

mfn. coming from the plant Wrightia antidysenterica (kuṭa-ja-)

kauṭaja

m. the plant Wrightia antidysenterica

kauṭajabhārika

mfn. (fr. kuṭaja-bhāra-), carrying or bearing a load of Wrightia antidysenterica gaRa vaṃśādi-.

kauṭakika

m. a vendor of the flesh of birds or beasts, hunter, poacher, butcher, etc.

kauṭatakṣa

m. an independent carpenter (who works at home on his own account and not for a village or corporation)

kauṭilika

m. (fr. kuṭilikā-

) "deceiving the hunter [or the deer Scholiast or Commentator ] by particular movements ", a deer ["a hunter"Scholiast or Commentator ]

kautūhala

n. (fr. kut-; gaRa yuvādi-), curiosity, interest in anything, vehement desire for (locative case,or accusative with prati-,or infinitive mood)

etc.

kautūhalatā

f. curiosity, interest in anything

kautuka

n. (fr. kut-; gaRa yuvādi-), curiosity, interest in anything, vehement desire for (locative case or in compound), eagerness, vehemence impatience

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) etc.

kautuka

n. anything causing curiosity or admiration or interest, any singular or surprising object, wonder

kautukāt

ind. ablative out of curiosity or interest

kautukavat

mfn. interesting (as news)

kautukin

mfn. full of curiosity or admiration or interest in anything, vehemently desirous, eager (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

kautukita

mfn. eagerly interested, eager

kavara

mf(ā-)n. (3. ku-

) mixed, intermingled, variegated

kavi

mfn. (1. kū- see 2. kava-, /ākūta-, /ākūti-, kāvya-

) gifted with insight, intelligent, knowing, enlightened, wise, sensible, prudent, skilful, cunning

kavi

m. a thinker, intelligent man, man of understanding, leader

kavitva

n. intelligence

kāvyā

f. intelligence

kāvya

n. wisdom, intelligence, prophetic inspiration, high power and art (often in plural)

kāvya

m. a kind of poem (composed in Sanskrit interspersed with Prakrit)

kāyikā

f. (with or without vṛddhi-), interest obtained from capital, etc.

[ kāyikā vṛddhi- f.interest consisting in the use of an animal or any capital stock pawned or pledged;service rendered by the body of an animal (as a cow, etc.) pledged and used by the person to whom it is pledged;or (according to some) interest of which the payment does not affect the principal.]

keśahasta

m. much or ornamented hair, tuft

(quoted in

)

keśapakṣa

m. much or ornamented hair, tuft

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).).

keśapāśa

m. much or ornamented hair, tuft

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).), etc.

keta

m. (4. cit-) desire, wish, will, intention ["wealth","atmosphere, sky"

]

ketavedas

(k/eta--) mfn. knowing the intention ["knowing the wealth of another"

]

ketu

m. intellect, judgement, discernment (?)

kevalakarmin

mfn. performing mere works (without intelligence)

kha

n. the anusvāra- represented by a circle (bindu-)

khādihasta

(kh/ādi--) mfn. having the hands ornamented with bracelets or rings (said of the marut-s),

khaja

m. contest, war (see -k/ṛt-,etc.)

khala

m. contest, battle

khan

cl.1 P. kh/anati- (imperfect tense /akhanat-; perf. cakhāna-,3. plural cakhnur-

; A1. cakhne-

; pr. p. A1. kh/anamāna-

; imperative khanatāt-

[

]; Potential khanyāt-or khāyāt-

; Passive voice khāy/ate-[

] or khanyate-

; infinitive mood khanitum-

), to dig, dig up, delve, turn up the soil, excavate, root up

etc. ; to pierce (said of an arrow)

(varia lectio): Causal khānayati- (once khan-

), to cause to dig or dig up

etc.: Desiderative cikhaniṣati-

: Intensive caṅkhanyate- or cākhāyate-

; caṅkhanti- or cākhāti-

([ confer, compare, ; Old German gine1m,gino1m; modern German ga0hne; Anglo-Saxon cina,cinan; Latin cuniculus,canalis.])

khaṇḍ

cl.1 A1. ṇḍate-, to break, divide, destroy

: cl.10 P. khaṇḍayati-, to break, tear, break into pieces, crush, cut, divide

(Aorist acakhaṇḍat-) ; to destroy, remove, annihilate

; to defeat, conquer

; to refute ; to interrupt, disturb

; to disregard (an order)

; "to disappoint, deceive, cheat" See khaṇḍita-.

khaṇḍana

n. interrupting, disappointing, frustrating

etc.

khaṇḍarakṣa

m. superintendent of wards

khaṇḍita

mfn. disappointed, betrayed, abandoned (as a lover)

khaṇḍitāśaṃsa

mfn. having the hopes disappointed, frustrated

kharīvātsalya

n. "maternal love of a she-mule", motherliness not wanted

kharjūghna

m. Calotropis gigantea

kharjūra

n. the interior part of a cocoa-nut

khaṭṭika

m. a butcher, hunter, fowler, one who lives by killing and selling game

khaṭvāpluta

(vāp-) mfn. "mounted on a bed", low, vile, iniquitous ("silly, stupid"

)

khilībhūta

mfn. (anything) that has become a desert, abandoned, unfrequented (by genitive case)

khud

cl.6 P. khud/ati-, to sport wantonly or amorously

: Intensive (parasmE-pada canīkhudat-) idem or ' cl.1 A1. ḍate-, to break in pieces ; to limp : cl.10 P. khuṇḍayati- (varia lectio khoḍayati- see kṣodayati-fr. kṣudr/a-), to break in pieces '

; (k/anīkhunat-,fr. khun-)

kīlālapeśas

(k/īl-) mfn. ornamented with the beverage kīl/āla-

kim

is much used as a particle of interrogation like the Latin num, an, sometimes translatable by"whether?"but oftener serving only like a note of interrogation to mark a question (exempli gratia, 'for example' kiṃ vyādhā vane 'smin saṃcaranti-,"do hunters roam about in this wood?"In an interrogation the verb, if uncompounded with a preposition, generally retains its accent after kim-

) . To this sense may be referred the kim- expressing inferiority, deficiency, etc. at the beginning of compounds (exempli gratia, 'for example' kiṃ-rājan-,what sort of king? id est a bad king

)

kim

kiṃ-nu-, whether indeed? (a stronger interrogative than kim-alone)

etc.

kim

kiṃ nu khalu-, how possibly? (a still stronger interrogative)

kim

or (often a mere particle of interrogation)

kim

a stronger interrogative than kim- alone

kiṃtā

f. "the state of whom?"any despicable state or condition, contemptibleness

kiṃtayā

ind. instrumental case contemptibly.

kiṅkiṇīsāyaka

m. an arrow ornamented with small bells

kirīṭamālin

m. ornamented with a diadem

kis

ind. (fr. 1. ki- see n/akis-, m/ākis-), a particle of interrogation,"whether" ([ equals kartṛ-,"a doer"

])

kiṣku

mfn. contemptible, bad

kīṭa

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') an expression of contempt (see śūra-k-)

klaitakika

n. a fermented liquor prepared from the Klitaka root, wine, spirituous liquor

kliś

cl.9 P. kliśnāti- (perf. cikleśa-; ind.p. kliśitvā-,or kliṣṭvā-

), to torment, trouble, molest, cause pain, afflict

etc. ; to suffer, feel pain

: cl.4 P. kliśjati-, to torment, cause pain (with accusative)

; A1. kliśyate- (rarely P. ti-

; parasmE-pada kliśyamāna-), to be tormented or molested, be afflicted, feel pain

etc. ; (P.) to be sinful

: Causal P. kleśayati- (rarely A1.

; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. cikliśas-

), to torment, molest

kliṣṭa

mfn. (

) molested, tormented, afflicted, distressed

etc.

kliṣṭa

mfn. (in rhetoric) forced, obscure, not easily intelligible (see kleś-)

kḷpta

mfn. caused, produced, effected, invented, contrived, created

etc.

kohin

m. the tree Wrightia antidysenterica

koṇa

m. an intermediate point of the compass

koṇadiś

f. an intermediate point of the compass

kopayiṣṇu

mfn. intending to exasperate

kośa

m. the interior or inner part of a carriage

kośa

m. a poetical collection, collection of sentences etc.

kośa

m. the sheath or integument of a plant, pod, nut-shell

kośa

m. the inner part of the fruit of Artocarpus integrifolia and of similar fruits

kośa

m. (in vedānta- philosophy) a term for the three sheaths or succession of cases which make up the various frames of the body enveloping the soul (these are, 1. the ānanda-maya k-or"sheath of pleasure", forming the kāraṇa-śarīra-or"causal frame";2. the vijñāna-maya-or buddhi-m-or mano-m-or prāṇa-m k-,"the sheath of intellect or will or life", forming the sūkṣma-śarīra-or"subtile frame";3. the anna-m k-,"the sheath of nourishment", forming the sthūla-śarīra-or "gross frame")

kośādhipati

m. a superintendent of the treasury, treasurer

kośayī

f. (perhaps) the contents of a cupboard or drawer

koṭaka

m. a builder of sheds or huts, thatcher, carpenter (man of mixed caste, son of a mason and of the daughter of a potter)

koṭana

m. winter

koṭharapuṣpī

f. Convolvulus argenteus

koṭiśa

m. "pointed", a harrow

kṛ

Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- (

) ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also

), /akran- (Aorist,according to

); A1. /akri- (

), /akṛthās- (

), /akṛta- (

); akrātām- (

), /akrata- (

) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also

), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- (

) , 3. plural kr/anta- (

) : Potential kriyāma- (

); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to

) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- (

) (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (

); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (

), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā-

), kṛṇavase- (also

varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- (

) or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- (

) : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi-

); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after

]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- (

) : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also

), kuruta- or kurutana- (

); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- (

), vāma- or vāmas- (

), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (

; he-

), karavaithe-, vaite- (

), vāmahai-(he-

) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (

); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (

); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam-

); A1. cakrāṇa- (

) : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (

); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (

), acakrat- (

), /acakriran- (

); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (

); Class. akārṣīt- (

;once akāraṣīt-

); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- (

) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([

]) and kṛtv/āya- ([

]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake

etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command)

; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build

; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case)

etc. ; to compose, describe

; to cultivate

(confer, compare

) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"

; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"

; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry

; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love

; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider

; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog '

;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-]

; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of

) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[

etc.] or buddhim-[

] or matim-[

]or bhāvam-[

], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief

; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going

; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd

; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him

) ; to think of (accusative)

; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal

)

etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume

; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case)

; to make liable to (dative case)

; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden)

; to appoint, institute

; to give an order, commission

; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-)

; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city)

; to proceed, act, put in practice

etc. ; to worship, sacrifice

; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-)

(

), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula (

) ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram-

; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw

) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-)

The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty

; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([

]) or salilaṃ- ([

]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons

; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute

; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc.

; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate

; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- (

) , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see

;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti-

; imperfect tense akar-

and

;3. plural akran-

and

; preceding kriyāt-

(See

);according to

, also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see

] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made

; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade

; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee

) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate

etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house

)

. Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word

; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly

; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does

) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs-

) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after

etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship

: Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See

), to do repeatedly

; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([

]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator

]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .])

kṛ

cl.3 P. parasmE-pada cakr/at- (Potential 2. sg. cakriyās-; Aorist 1. sg. akārṣam-[

] or akāriṣam-[

]) , to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (genitive case)

: Intensive (1. sg. carkarmi-,1. plural carkirāma-,3. plural carkiran-; imperative 2. sg. carkṛt/āt-and carkṛdhi-; Aorist 3. sg. A1. c/arkṛṣe-) idem or 'mfn. (proper Passive voice p.) being done etc.'

(see kār/u-, kīr/i-, kīrt/i-.)

kṝ

cl.6 P. kir/ati- (

; perf. -cakāra-

; 2nd future kariṣyati-; 1st future karitā-or karītā-

; Aorist akārīt-[Ved. s/aṃ k/āriṣat-]; ind.p. -kīrya-; Passive voice kīryate-), to pour out, scatter, throw, cast, disperse

etc. ; to throw up in a heap, heap up

: A1. kirate-, to throw off from one's self

: P. to strew, pour over, fill with, cover with

; (perf. 3. plural cakarur-)

: Desiderative cikariṣati-

: Intensive cākarti-

; ([ confer, compare Greek , .])

kram

cl.1 P. A1. kr/āmati- (

; Epic also kramati-), kramate- (

, Epic also krāmate-;according to

cl.4 P. krāmyati-[ kramyati-

]; Aorist akramīt-

etc.; A1. kr/amiṣṭa-, kraṃsate-[

] , 3. plural c/akramanta-[

]; perf. cakrāma-,or cakrame-; parasmE-pada cakramāṇ/a-

; future kramiṣyati-or kraṃsyate- ind.p. krāntvā-, krantvā-,or kramitvā-

), to step, walk, go, go towards, approach (with /accha-, /adhi- accusative or locative case)

etc. ; to approach in order to ask for assistance (with locative case)

; to go across, go over

etc. ; Ved. to climb (as on a tree's branch)

; to cover (in copulation)

; to stretch over, project over, tower above, (ind.p. krāntvā-)

; to take possession of

; A1. to undertake, strive after, make effort for (dative case)

; (locative case)

; A1. (

) to proceed well, advance, make progress, gain a footing, succeed, have effect

; to be appliable or practicable

; P. to be liable to the peculiar arrangement of a Vedic text called krama- (id est to be doubled, as a letter or word)

; A1. to read according to the krama- arrangement of a Vedic text

(a-krānta-): Causal P. kramayati-, to cause to step

; kramayati- or krām-, to make liable to the peculiar arrangement called krama- (id est to double a letter or word)

etc.: Intensive caṅkramyate- (

; parasmE-pada caṅ-kramy/amāṇa-[

]or kramam-

and

) or caṅkramīti- (

; imperfect tense 2. plural caṅkramata-

; future parasmE-pada caṅkramiṣy/at-

; ind.p. mitvā-

; see mit/a-), to step to and fro, walk or wander about.

krama

m. uninterrupted or regular progress, order, series, regular arrangement, succession (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṇa-krameṇa-,"in the order of the castes"

)

etc.

kramabhaṅga

m. interruption of order

kramabhraṣṭa

n. interrupted or irregular order of words or meanings,

krand

cl.1 P. A1. kr/andati-, krandate- (varia lectio kradate-fr. krad-

; subjunctive kr/andat-; imperfect tense krandat-and /akrandat-; Aorist 2. sg. kradas-, cakradas-,and /akrān-,3. sg. akrān-and /akrān-; akrandīt-

; parasmE-pada kr/andat-), to neigh (as a horse), roar (metaphorically applied to the clouds and to wind and water)

; to creak (as a wheel)

; to sound, make a noise

; to cry piteously, weep, lament, grieve, be confused with sorrow

etc. ; to call out piteously to any one (accusative)

(perf. cakranda-)

: Causal krandayati- (Aorist /acikradat-,3. plural dan-), to cause to roar

; to cause to weep or lament

; to roar, rave

; to neigh after (accusative)

: Intensive P. k/anikrantti- (A1. ntte-

; parasmE-pada k/anikradat-,once k/anikrat-

; parasmE-pada A1. kanikrady/amana-

) , to neigh, roar, rave, cry out

; to creak, crackle

; ([ confer, compare Gothic gre1ta,"to lament."])

krandas

n. (asī-) dual number two contending armies shouting defiance ["heaven and earth"

]

krāntipāta

m. the intersection of the ecliptic and equinoctial circles (id est the equinoctial points or nodes of the ecliptic)

krathana

n. sudden interruption of breath

kratu

m. (1. kṛ-,or 2. kṛ-), plan, design, intention, resolution, determination, purpose

kratu

m. intelligence, understanding (exempli gratia, 'for example' bhadr/a kr/atu-,right judgement, good understanding;also in conjunction or in compound or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with d/akṣa-See kr/atu-d/akṣau-and dakṣakrat/ū-)

kratu

m. kratu- as intelligence personified (as a son of brahmā- and one of the prajā-pati-s or the seven or ten principal ṛṣi-s

etc.;[Name of a star]

;married to kriyā- and father of 60,000 vālikhilya-s

;husband of haya-śirā-,

)

kratūdakṣau

Nominal verb dual number m. intelligence and ability

kratumat

mfn. (kr/atu--) intelligent, prudent, wise

kratumaya

mfn. endowed with intelligence

kratupā

mfn. watching one's sentiments or intentions

kratūya

Nom. P. y/ati-, to exert the intellect

kratvāmagha

mfn. constituting a reward gained through intelligence (horses)

kravyaghātana

m. "killed for its flesh (see

) ", a deer, antelope

kṛcchramūtrapurīṣatva

n. difficulty in evacuating the bladder and intestines

krīḍanikā

f. a nurse who entertains children with plays

kriyāntara

n. interruption of an action

kriyāprabandha

m. uninterrupted continuity of an action

kriyāsamabhihāra

m. repetition of any act or intensity of action (as represented by the Intensive)

kriyāvyavadhāyaka

mfn. interrupting an action

kṛṇu

m. a painter

kroḍa

m. the interior of anything, cavity, hollow

krodhamukha

mf(ī-)n. one who has an angry countenance

kṛṣ

cl.1 P. k/arṣati-, rarely A1. te- (perf. cakarṣa-,2. sg. ṣitha-

; future karkṣyati-or krakṣy-; kṛṣiṣy-

; karṣṭā-or kraṣṭā-

; Aorist akṛkṣat-[or akārkṣīt-]or akrākṣīt-,

Va1rtt. 7; infinitive mood kraṣṭum-), to draw, draw to one's self, drag, pull, drag away, tear

etc. ; to lead or conduct (as an army)

; to bend (a bow)

; to draw into one's power, become master of, overpower

; to obtain

; to take away anything (accusative) from any one (accusative)

; to draw or make furrows, plough

(A1.)

(ind.p. kṛṣṭvā-): cl.6 P. A1. kṛṣ/ati-, te- (parasmE-pada kṛṣ/at-), to draw or make furrows, plough

etc. ; A1. to obtain by ploughing

; to travel over

: Causal karṣayati-, to draw, drag

(Aorist 1. sg. acikṛṣam-)

; to draw or tear out

; to pull to and fro, cause pain, torture, torment

etc. ; "to plough" See karṣita-: Intensive (pr. p. and subjunctive 3. sg. c/arkṛṣat-; imperfect tense 3. plural acarkṛṣur-) to plough

; carīkṛṣyate- or Vedic or Veda karīk-, to plough repeatedly

([ confer, compare Lithuanian karszu,pleszau; Russian c8eshu; Latin verro,vello; Gothic falh.])

kṛṣṇa

m. the antelope

kṛṣṇa

m. Name of a celebrated Avatar of the god viṣṇu-, or sometimes identified with viṣṇu- himself ([

]) as distinct from his ten Avata1rsAvatars or incarnations (in the earlier legends he appears as a great hero and teacher[

];in the more recent he is deified, and is often represented as a young and amorous shepherd with flowing hair and a flute in his hand;the following are a few particulars of his birth and history as related in

and in the purāṇa-s etc.: vasu-deva-, who was a descendant of yadu- and yayāti-, had two wives, rohiṇī- and devakī-;the latter had eight sons of whom the eighth was kṛṣṇa-; kaṃsa-, king of mathurā- and cousin of devakī-, was informed by a prediction that one of these sons would kill him;he therefore kept vasu-deva- and his wife in confinement, and slew their first six children;the seventh was balarāma- who was saved by being abstracted from the womb of devakī- and transferred to that of rohiṇī-;the eighth was kṛṣṇa- who was born with black skin and a peculiar mark on his breast;his father vasu-deva- managed to escape from mathurā- with the child, and favoured by the gods found a herdsman named nanda- whose wife yaśo-dā- had just been delivered of a son which vasu-deva- conveyed to devakī- after substituting his own in its place. nanda- with his wife yaśo-dā- took the infant kṛṣṇa- and settled first in gokula- or vraja-, and afterwards in vṛndāvana-, where kṛṣṇa- and bala-rāma- grew up together, roaming in the woods and joining in the sports of the herdsmen's sons; kṛṣṇa- as a youth contested the sovereignty of indra-, and was victorious over that god, who descended from heaven to praise kṛṣṇa-, and made him lord over the cattle[

]; kṛṣṇa- is described as sporting constantly with the gopī-s or shepherdesses[

]of whom a thousand became his wives, though only eight are specified, rādhā- being the favourite[

]; kṛṣṇa- built and fortified a city called dvārakā- in Gujarat, and thither transported the inhabitants of mathurā- after killing kaṃsa-; kṛṣṇa- had various wives besides the gopī-s, and by rukmiṇī- had a son pradyumna- who is usually identified with kāma-deva-;with Jains, kṛṣṇa- is one of the nine black vasu-deva-s;with Buddhists he is the chief of the black demons, who are the enemies of buddha- and the white demons)

kṛṣṇacchavi

f. the skin of the black antelope ["a black cloud"commentator or commentary ]

kṛṣṇājina

n. the skin of the black antelope

etc.

kṛṣṇājina

m. "covered with a skin of the black antelope", Name of a man, and m. plural his descendants gaRa upakādi- and tikakitavādi-

kṛṣṇājinagrīva

mfn. having a skin of the black antelope round the neck

kṛṣṇājinin

mfn. covered with the skin of a black antelope

kṛṣṇamārga

mfn. (fr. mṛga-), coming from the black antelope

kṛṣṇamārgaṇa

n. the skin of the black antelope

kṛṣṇamṛga

m. the black antelope

kṛṣṇapucchaka

m. a kind of antelope

kṛṣṇasāra

m. (with or without mṛga-) the spotted antelope

etc.

kṛṣṇasāraṅga

m. the spotted antelope

(varia lectio)

kṛṣṇasāraṅgī

f. a female black antelope

kṛṣṇatāra

m. "black-eyed", an antelope

kṛṣṇaviṣāṇa

n. the horns of a black antelope (whose inner sides are covered with dark hair)

kṛta

mfn. appointed (as a duty)

kṛtādhikāra

mfn. superintending, watching over (locative case),

kṛtakāla

m. appointed time

kṛtakṛtya

mfn. one who has attained any object or purpose, contented, satisfied with (locative case

)

etc.

kṛtakṣaṇa

ready to, prepared for, intent upon, engrossed by (compound),

kṛtamāla

m. the spotted antelope

kṛtamālaka

m. the spotted antelope

kṛtaṃjaya

m. "conquering the kṛta- age", Name of the seventeenth vyāsa-

kṛtapratikṛta

n. assault and counter-assault, attack and resistance

kṛtārtha

mf(ā-)n. one who has attained an end or object or has accomplished a purpose or desire, successful, satisfied, contented

etc.

kṛtārthaya

Nom. P. yati-, to render successful, content, satisfy

kṛtārthībhū

to become successful, be contented

kṛtārthīkṛ

to render successful, content, satisfy

kṛtāvadhi

mfn. having a fixed limit, fixed, appointed, agreed upon

kṛtti

f. the hide or skin on which the religious student sits or sleeps, etc. (usually the skin of an antelope)

kṛttikā

f. plural (rarely sg.

), Name of a constellation (the Pleiads, originally the first, but in later times the third lunar mansion, having agni- as its regent;this constellation, containing six stars, is sometimes represented as a flame or as a kind of razor or knife;for their oldest namesSee

;in mythol. the six kṛttikā-s are nymphs who became the nurses of the god of war, kārttikeya-)

etc.

kṛtyādūṣaṇa

mf(ī-)n. counteracting magic, destroying its effect

kṛtyāpratiharaṇa

n. plural Name (also title or epithet) of a series of hymns for counteracting spells,

kruś

cl.1 P. kr/ośati- (rarely A1.See krośamāna-; Aorist /akrukṣat-

; perf. cukrośa-

; future 2nd krokṣyati-and 1st kroṣṭā-

), to cry out, shriek, yell, bawl, call out, halloo

etc. ; to exclaim

; to lament, weep

etc. ; to make a singing noise (as the ear)

: Intensive cokruśīti-

; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian klykiu,"to cry";kryksztauju; Hibernian or Irish cruisigh,"music, song" ; Latin crocis,crocito; Greek Gothic krukja.])

kṣamā

f. tameness (as of an antelope)

kṣaṇāntara

n. "the interval of a moment"

kṣānta

m. of a hunter

kṣapaṇa

n. abstinence, chastisement of the body ["pause, interruption (of study), defilement, impurity"commentator or commentary; see 2. kṣapaṇa-]

kṣapayiṣṇu

mfn. one who intends to efface or do penance for (accusative)

kṣatavidhvaṃsin

m. "removing sores", the plant Argyreia speciosa or argentea

kṣatodara

n. injury of the bowels by any indigestive substance, flux, dysentery

kṣatra

n. the military or reigning order (the members of which in the earliest times, as represented by the Vedic hymns, were generally called rājanya-, not kṣatriya-;afterwards, when the difference between brahman- and kṣatra- or the priestly and civil authorities became more distinct, applied to the second or reigning or military caste)

etc.

kṣepa

m. disrespect, contempt

kṣepaka

mfn. inserted, interpolated

kṣepaka

m. a spurious or interpolated passage

kṣetraja

m. (scilicet putra-) "born from the womb", a son who is the offspring of the wife by a kinsman or person duly appointed to raise up issue to the husband (this is one of the twelve kinds of issue allowed by the old Hindu law)

kṣetrajeṣa

m. contest for landed property, acquisition of land

kṣetraphala

n. (in geometry) the superficial contents of a figure

kṣetrarāśi

m. quantity represented by geometrical figures.

kṣi

cl.1 P. kṣayati- (only once

) cl.5 P. kṣiṇoti- (

etc.;1. sg. kṣiṇ/omi-

for ṇ/āmi-of

) cl.9 P. kṣiṇ/āti- (3. plural kṣiṇ/anti-; perf. 3. dual number cikṣiyatur-

), to destroy, corrupt, ruin, make an end of (accusative), kill, injure

etc.: Passive voice kṣīy/ate- (

;3. plural kṣ/īyante-

; Aorist subjunctive kṣeṣṭa-[

] or kṣāyi-

; Conditional akṣeṣyata-

), to be diminished, decrease, wane (as the moon) , waste away, perish

etc. ; to pass (said of the night)

: Causal P. kṣapayati- (future yiṣyati-), rarely A1. te- (

) , very rarely kṣayayati- (

edition Calc.) , to destroy, ruin, make an end of (accusative), finish

etc. ; to weaken

; to pass (as the night or time, kṣapām-, pās-, kālam-)

; ([ see , etc.])

kṣīṇavṛtti

mfn. out of employ, having no means of subsistence or maintenance

kṣīracchada

m. Calotropis gigantea (the leaves of which yield a milky juice).

kṣīradhenu

f. a milk-cow (symbolically represented by milk etc. offered as a gift to a Brahman),

kṣṇū

f. the pointed end of a scraper or shovel,

a pronominal base appearing in k/utas-, k/utra-, kuv/id-, k/uha-, kv/a-, and as a prefix implying deterioration, depreciation, deficiency, want, littleness, hindrance, reproach, contempt, guilt

kū

or ku- cl.2 P. kauti- (Ved. kavīti-

), or cl.1 A1. kavate- (

) , or cl.6. kuvate- (

) , or cl.9 P. A1. kūnāti-, kūnāte- (perf. 3. plural cukuvur-

), to sound, make any noise, cry out, moan, cry (as a bird), coo, hum (as a bee) etc.

: cl.1. k/avate-, to move

: Intensive A1. kokūyate- (

) P. A1. kokavīti- and cokūyate- (

), to cry aloud

; ([ confer, compare Greek .])

kubrahma

m. a degraded or contemptible Brahman

kubrahman

m. a degraded or contemptible Brahman

kuhanā

(am-, ā-) f. hypocrisy, assumed and false sanctity, interested performance of religious austerities

kukṣi

m. the interior of anything

kul

cl.1. kolati-, to accumulate, collect

; to be of kin, behave as a kinsman

; to proceed continuously or without interruption

; to count

kulaṅga

m. (equals kuraṅga-) an antelope

kulāya

n. (in later language also as- m.

etc.) a woven texture, web, nest (of a bird) , case or investing integument, receptacle, home

etc.

kulika

m. a hunter

kuluṅga

m. (equals kulaṅg/a-) an antelope

kum

ind. an interjection gaRa cādi-.

kumanīṣa

mfn. of slow intellect

kumanīṣin

mfn. of slow intellect

kumāra

m. Name of skanda- (or kārttikeya- q.v;represented as a beautiful youth;also as the author of certain grammatical sūtra-s see kalāpa-;also as causing certain diseases

)

etc.

kumati

f. weak intellect, folly

kumati

mfn. of slow intellect, foolish

kumbhānta

mfn. concluding with the (ceremony of interring the) urn,

kumbhīpāka

m. the contents of a cooking vessel

kumbhīpāka

m. sg. or plural a hell in which the wicked are baked like potter's vessels or cooked like the contents of a cooking vessel

kumedhas

mfn. of little intellect

kumudinīvanitā

f. a loved woman fancifully represented as an assemblage of lotus flowers.

kuṇaka

m. a young animal just born (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' eṇa-k-,a young antelope just born)

kuṇapa

n. (said contemptuously of) the living body

kuṇḍalin

m. the spotted or painted deer

kuñjarāroha

m. a driver mounted on an elephant's back

kuṇṭh

cl.1 P. kuṇṭhati- to be lame or mutilated or blunted or dulled

; to be lazy or stupid

: cl.10. kuṇṭhayati-, to cover, conceal (see guṇṭh-)

(see avakuṇṭhana-)

kuṇṭhita

mfn. blunted, dulled, (a-k- negative)

kuṇṭhitāśri

mfn. having the edge or corners blunted

kunthu

m. of the seventeenth arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-.

kupriya

mfn. disagreeable, contemptible

kupūya

mfn. inferior, low, contemptible

(see ka-p-.)

kuraṅga

m. (1. kṝ-

), a species of antelope, antelope or deer (in general)

etc.

m. an antelope

m. an antelope

f. a female antelope

Nom. A1. yate-, to take the shape of an antelope

kuraṅgī

f. a female antelope

kūrcaka

m. a brush for cleaning the teeth, painter's brush etc.

kūrma

m. a particular figure or intertwining of the fingers (mudrā-)

kuśa

m. the sacred grass used at certain religious ceremonies (Poa cynosuroides, a grass with long pointed stalks)

etc.

kuśāgrabuddhi

mfn. one whose intelligence is as sharp as the point of kuśa- grass, shrewd, intelligent

kuśāgrīyamati

mfn. of subtle intellect, possessing mental acumen

kuśalabuddhi

mfn. wise, able, intelligent.

kusīda

n. any loan or thing lent to be repaid with interest, lending money upon interest, usury

etc.

kusīdapatha

m. usury, usurious interest

kusīdavṛddhi

f. usurious interest on money

kuṣṭhikā

f. a dew-claw, spur [considered worthless for sacrificial purposes;"the contents of the entrails"

]

kūṭ

cl.10 P. kūṭayati-, to burn

; to give pain

; to be distressed

; to counsel, advise

: A1. kūṭayate-, to avoid or decline giving

; to render indistinct or unintelligible, render confused or foul

; to be distressed, despair

kūṭa

n. counterfeited objects (of a merchant)

kuṭaca

varia lectio for kuṭa-ja- (Wrightia antidysenterica)

kuṭaja

m. Wrightia antidysenterica (having seeds used as a vermifuge; see indra-yava-)

etc.

kūṭaja

m. (equals kuṭ-) the tree Wrightia antidysenterica

kūṭasvarṇa

n. alloyed or counterfeit gold

kutha

mf(ā-)n. a painted or variegated cloth (serving as an elephant's housings)

etc.

kuṭilāśaya

mf(ā-)n. "going crookedly"and,"ill-intentioned, deceitful"

kuṭilikā

f. (

) crouching, coming stealthily (like a hunter on his prey;a particular movement on the stage)

kuṭīpraveśa

m. "entering a hut", settling in a cottage

kuṭīra

n. sexual intercourse

kuts

(perhaps related to k/utas-) cl.10 P. kutsayati- ([also A1. yate-

;rarely cl.1 P. kutsati-

;once cl.4 P. kutsyati-

]), to despise, abuse, revile, contemn

; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian kussinu.])

kutsā

f. reproach, contempt

kutsa

m. Name of a ṛṣi- (called ārjuneya-, author of several hymns of the

;when attacked by the demon śuṣṇa-, indra- defended him and killed the demon;but in other hymns[

] kutsa- is represented as persecuted by indra-)

kutsakuśikikā

f. the intermarriage of the kutsa- and kuśika- families

kutsanā

f. an expression of contempt

kutsayā

ind. instrumental case contemptuously

kutsita

mfn. despised, reviled, contemptible, vile

etc.

kuṭṭāra

n. "sexual intercourse"or,"pleasure"

kutūhala

n. (fr. kutas-and hala-,"calling out"?) , curiosity, interest in any extra-ordinary matter

etc.

kutūhala

n. what excites curiosity, anything interesting, fun

kutūhalavat

mfn. curious, taking interest in anything

kutūhalin

mfn. curious, highly interested in anything

kuvid

ind. (fr. 1. ku-and id-; gaRa cādi-), if, whether (a particle of interrogation used in direct and indirect questions)

kva

ind. kva- - kva- or kutra-kva- (implying excessive incongruity) where is this? where is that? how distant is this from that? how little does this agree with that? (exempli gratia, 'for example' kva sūrya-prabhavo vaṃśaḥ kva cālpa-viṣayā matiḥ-,how can my limited intellect describe the solar race?

)

etc.

labh

(confer, compare rabh-) cl.1 A1. (

) labhate- (Epic also ti-and lambhate-; perfect tense lebh/e-, Epic also lalābha-; Aorist alabdha-, alapsata-

; preceding lapsīya-

; future labdhā- grammar; lapsyate-, ti-

etc.; labhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood labdhum-

; ind.p. labdhv/ā-

etc.; -labhya-, -lambham-

etc.; lābham-

), to take, seize, catch ; catch sight of, meet with, find

etc. etc. (with antaram-,to find an opportunity, make an impression, be effective;with avakāśam-,to find scope, be appropriate;with kālam-,to find the right time or moment) ; to gain possession of, obtain, receive, conceive, get, receive ("from" ablative;"as" accusative), recover

(with garbham-,"to conceive an embryo","become pregnant";with padam-,to obtain a footing) ; to gain the power of (doing anything), succeed in, be permitted or allowed to (infinitive mood or dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' labhate draṣṭum-,or darśanāya-,"he is able or allowed to see")

etc. ; to possess, have

; to perceive, know, understand, learn, find out

: Passive voice labhy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist alābhi-or alambhi-,with preposition only alambhi-; confer, compare

), to be taken or caught or met with or found or got or obtained

etc. ; to be allowed or permitted (infinitive mood sometimes with pass. sense exempli gratia, 'for example' nādharmo labhyate kartum-,"injustice ought not to be done", confer, compare above)

; to follow, result

; to be comprehended by (ablative)

: Causal lambhayati-, te- (Aorist alalambhat-), to cause to take or receive or obtain, give, bestow (generally with two accusative;rarely with accusative and instrumental case = to present with;in

with two accusative and instrumental case; confer, compare

)

etc. ; to get, procure (confer, compare lambhita-) ; to find out, discover

; to cause to suffer

; Desiderative l/ipsate- (mc. also ti-

līpsate-), to wish to seize or take or catch or obtain or receive (with accusative or genitive case;"from" ablative)

: Intensive lālabhyate-, lālambhīti- or lālabdhi- grammar ([ Greek , ; Latin labor; Lithuanian la4bas, l/obis-.])

labhya

mfn. to be understood or known, intelligible

etc.

laghūkaraṇa

n. thinking little of, contemning

lagita

mfn. entered

(varia lectio calita-).

lagna

mfn. (for 2.See) adhered, adhering or clinging to, attached to, sticking or remaining in, fixed on, intent on, clasping, touching, following closely (with genitive case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

etc. (with pṛṣṭhe-, pṛṣṭha-tas-;or pṛṣṭha- in the beginning of a compound,following on a person's heels;with mārge-,sticking to id est following the road;with hṛdaye-,one who has penetrated the heart)

lagna

mfn. one who has entered on a course of action, one who has begun to (infinitive mood)

lagna

mfn. meeting, intersecting, cutting (said of lines)

lagna

mn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) the point of contact or intersection (of two lines), the point where the horizon intersects the ecliptic or path of the planets

lagnakāla

m. the time or moment pointed out by astrologers as auspicious

lagnaśuddhi

f. auspiciousness of the signs etc. for the commencement of any contemplated work

lajj

cl.6 A1. (

) lajjate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense lalajje-,3. plural jjire-

; future lajjitā-, lajjiṣyate- grammar; Aorist alajjiṣṭa-

; infinitive mood lajjitum-

etc.) , to be ashamed, blush

etc.: Causal lajjayati- (or lajjāpayati-?), to cause any one (accusative) to be ashamed, inspire with shame

: Desiderative lilajjiṣate- grammar : Intensive lālajjyate-

lakṣ

cl.1 A1. lakṣate-, to perceive, observe

; (P. ti-), to recognise

; cl.10 P. A1. (

;rather Nom.fr. lakṣa-below) lakṣayati-, te- (Aorist alalakṣat-, ta-; infinitive mood lakṣayitum-; ind.p. lakṣayitvā-, -lakṣya-), to mark, sign

; to characterize, define (in Comms.) ; to indicate, designate indirectly

; to aim, it (as to aim an arrow at any object), direct towards, have in view, mean

; to consider or regard any one (accusative) as (accusative with or without iva-)

; to suppose of any one (accusative) that he will etc. (oratio recta with iti-)

; to know, understand, recognise by (instrumental case) or as (accusative) or that etc. (oratio recta with iti-)

; to notice, perceive, observe, see, view

etc.: Passive voice lakṣyate-, to be marked etc. ; to be meant or intended

; to be named or called (with double Nominal verb)

; to be perceived or seen, appear, seem, look like (Nominal verb with or without iva-)

: Desiderative See lilakṣayiṣita-.

lakṣaṇā

f. indication, elliptical expression, use of a word for another word with a cognate meaning (as of"head"for"intellect"), indirect or figurative sense of a word (one of its three artha-s;the other two being abhidhā-or proper sense, and vyañjanā-or suggestive sense;with sāropā-,the placing of a word in its figurative sense in apposition to another in its proper sense)

etc.

lākṣaṇa

mf(ī-)n. (fr. lakṣaṇa-) relating to or acquainted with characteristic signs or marks

lakṣaṇajña

mfn. sign-knowing, understanding marks (especially those on the body), able to interpret or explain them

lākṣaṇika

mf(ī-)n. knowing marks, acquainted with signs, an interpreter of marks or signs

lakṣmīvat

m. Artocarpus Integrifolia

lālasa

mf(ā-)n. (fr. Intensive of las-) eagerly longing for, ardently desirous of, delighting or absorbed in, devoted or totally given up to (locative case or compound)

etc. ( lālasatā -tā- f.)

lālāṭika

m. an attentive servant (as"one who watches his master's face or countenance")

lālāṭika

m. an idler (prob. as"one who is always gazing at the countenance of others")

lambana

n. the moon's parallax in longitude, the interval of the lines between the earth's centre and surface

lāṅgala

n. a particular appearance presented by the moon

laṅgh

(see raṃh-and laghu-) cl.1 P. A1. (

) laṅghati-, te- (grammar also lalaṅgha-, ghe-; Aorist alaṅghīt-, ghiṣṭa-; future laṅghitā-; ghiṣyati-, te-; infinitive mood laṅghitum-), to leap over, go beyond (A1.)

; to ascend, mount upon (P.)

; to pass over meals, abstain from food, fast (P.)

; to dry, dry up, waste, consume

: Causal or cl.10 P. (

) laṅghayati- (mc. also

te-; Passive voice laṅghyate-), to leap over, cross, traverse

etc. ; to mount, ascend, tread upon, enter

; to overstep, transgress, violate, neglect

; to get over, avoid, shun, escape from

; to frustrate, prevent, avert

; to disregard, slight, offend, insult, injure

etc. ; to excel, surpass, outshine, obscure, eclipse

; to remove, transport

; to cause to pass over meals id est fast

: Desiderative of Causal lilaṅghayiṣati-, to intend to step over

lap

(confer, compare rap-) cl.1 P. (

) lapati- (Epic also te-and lapyati-; perfect tense lalāpa-, lepus-

etc.; Aorist alāpīt- grammar; future lapitā-

; lapiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood laptum-

; lapitum-

; ind.p. -lapya-

), to prate, chatter, talk (also of birds)

; to whisper

; to wail, lament, weep

: Causal lāpayati-, te- (Aorist alīlapat-or alalāpat- grammar), to cause to talk

: Desiderative lilapiṣati- grammar : Intensive l/ālapīti-, to prate senselessly

; lālapyate- (mc. also ti-), to wail, lament

; to address repeatedly

, lālapti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; perhaps Latin la1mentumfor lap-mentum-.])

laṣ

(see las-) cl.1.4.P. A1. (

; see

) laṣati-, te-, laṣyati-, te- (perfect tense lalāṣa-, leṣe-; Aorist alāṣīt-, alaṣiṣṭa-; future laṣitā-; ṣiṣyati-, te-; infinitive mood laṣitum-), to wish, desire, long for (accusative)

etc. (mostly with preposition abhi-) ; to strive after, approach (accusative)

: Causal , or cl.10 P. lāṣayati- (Aorist alīlaṣat-), to exercise an art

(varia lectio for las-): Desiderative lilaṣiṣati- grammar : Intensive lālaṣyate-, lālaṣṭi-

lāsya

n. dancing, a dance (especially accompanied with instrumental music and singing), a dance representing the emotions of love dramatically (this was at one time a principal part of the drama, and as such according to to bharata- and the daśa-rūpa- consisted of 10 divisions or aṅga-s, viz. geya-pada-, sthita-pāṭhya-, āsīna-, puṣpa-gaṇḍikā-, pracchedaka-, tri-gūḍha-or tri-mūḍhaka-, saindhava-, dvigūḍhaka-or vimūḍhaka-, uttam/ottamaka-,and ukta-pratyukta-;including also a style of dramatic composition in which there is abrupt transition from Sanskrit to Prakrit and from Prakrit to Sanskrit;the term lāsya-is also applied to the Nach [Nautch] dance of the Indian dancing girls, consisting chiefly of gesticulation with a shuffling movement of the feet forwards and backwards, as invented by pārvati- and opposed to the boisterous masculine dance called tāṇḍava- practised by śiva- and his followers; see

)

etc.

laṭaka

m. a bad man, contemptible person.

lavaṇadhenu

f. an offering of salt, a cow symbolically represented with salt

lavaṇaparvata

m. a mountain symbolically represented with salt

lāvaṇyārjita

n. (in law) the private property of a married woman (consisting of that which has been presented to her at her marriage as a token of respect or kindness by her father or mother-in-law) .

lekhanīya

mfn. to be written or drawn or painted

lekhya

mfn. to be drawn or painted

lekhya

mfn. to be portrayed, painted

lekhya

n. a painted figure

lekhyagata

mfn. represented in painting, painted

lekhyamaya

mf(ī-)n. delineated, painted

lekhyapadma

n. a painted lotus-flower

lelāya

(either a kind of Intensive fr. lī-,or Nom.fr. lelā- confer, compare next) P. A1. lel/āyati-, te- (pr. p. lelāy/antī- genitive case lel/ayatas-; imperfect tense /alelāyat-, lelāyat-; perfect tense lel/āya-), to move to and fro. quiver, tremble, shake

[ confer, compare Gothic reiraith.]

leliha

mfn. (fr. Intensive)"constantly licking" , a kind of parasitical worm

lelya

n. (fr. Intensive) clinging or adhering very closely

lepanīya

mfn. to be smeared or anointed, fit to be plastered

lepya

mfn. to be smeared or anointed or stained or defiled

leśa

m. a figure of speech (in which what is usually considered as an advantage is represented as a disadvantage and vice versa)

lesokta

mfn. briefly said, only hinted or insinuated

lī

(see rī-) cl.9 P. (

) lināti-, to adhere, obtain (not usually found) ; cl.1 P. layati- (

), to melt, liquefy, dissolve (not usually found) ; cl.4 A1. (

) l/īyate- (Vedic or Veda also lāyate-; perfect tense lilye-, lilyuḥ-

etc.; lilāya-, lalau- grammar; Aorist aleṣṭa-

; alaiṣīt-, alāsīt-, alāsta- grammar; future letā-, lātā-; leṣyati-or lāsyati-, te-

; infinitive mood letumorla1tum

; ind.p. -lāyam-

; līya-

etc.) , to cling or press closely, stick or adhere to (locative case)

etc. ; to remain sticking

; to lie, recline, alight or settle on, hide or cower down in (locative case), disappear, vanish

etc.: Causal P. lāpayati- or lāyayati-, to cause to cling etc.

etc. ; A1. lāpayate-, to deceive ; to obtain honour ; to humble

: Desiderative lilīṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lelīyate-, lelayīti-, leleti-

(see lelāya-).

lih

(later form of rih-) cl.2 P. A1. (

) leḍhi-, līḍhe- (Epic also lihati-; perfect tense lileha-, lilihe- grammar; future leḍhā-, lekṣyati-, te-

; Aorist alikṣat-, alikṣata-and alīḍha-

; infinitive mood leḍhum-

; ind.p. līḍhvā-

) to lick, lap, lick at (locative case), taste, sip, take any food by licking or lapping

etc. ; to lick up = destroy (said of an arrow)

; Causal leh/ayati- (Aorist alīlihat-), to cause to lick

; to apply as an electuary

: Desiderative lilikṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lelihyati-, leleḍhi- (parasmE-pada lelihat- hyat-, hyamana-or hāna- q.v), to lick frequently or constantly, play with the tongue

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin lingo; Slavonic or Slavonian liz5ati; Lithuanian le14z3ti; German le0ccho7n,lecken; Anglo-Saxon liccian; English lick.]

likhita

mfn. drawn, delineated, sketched, painted

likhitavya

mfn. to be painted

likhitṛ

m. a painter

lilakṣayiṣita

mfn. (fr. Desiderative of laksh-, lakṣayati-) wished or intended to be indicated, had in view, meant

liṅgajyeṣṭha

m. (in sāṃkhya-) the great principle or intellect

liṅgamātra

n. the intellect

liṅgamūrti

mfn. (represented) in the form of a Phallus (said of śiva-)

lip

(cf rip-) cl.6.1.P. A1. (

) limp/ati-, te- (perfect tense lilepa-.

etc.; Aorist alipat-

; alispata-, alipta- grammar; -alipsata-

; future lepta1-, lepsyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood leptum-

; ind.p. -lipya-

etc.) , to smear, besmear, anoint with (instrumental case), stain, soil, taint, pollute, defile

etc. ; to inflame, kindle, burn

: Passive voice lipyate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist alepi-), to be smeared etc. ; to be attached to (locative case), stick, adhere

: ; Causal lepayati- (Aorist alīlipat-), to cause to smear etc. ; to smear or anoint anything (accusative) with (instrumental case) or on (locative case)

; to cover

; to cast blame on any one

; (limpayati-), to smear anything (accusative) with (instrumental case): Desiderative lilipsati-, te- grammar : Intensive leliyate-, lelepti-

[ confer, compare Greek , Latin lippus; Lithuanian li4pti; Gothic bileiban; Germ,bili4ian,bli7ben,bleiben,leben,Leib; Anglo-Saxon libban; English live,life.]

lipikara

m. an anointer, whitewasher, plasterer

lipikarmanirmita

mfn. painted

lipta

mfn. smeared, anointed, soiled, defiled

etc.

liptāṅga

mfn. having the body anointed with unguents etc.

liptavāsita

mfn. anointed and perfumed.

(see gaRa rājadantādi-).

liptavat

mfn. one who has smeared or anointed etc.

liś

(later form of ris-,in ā-- liś-, vi-liś-) ; cl.4 A1. liśyate- (perfect tense liliśe-etc.) , to be or become small, lessen

; cl.6 P. liśati- (perfect tense lileśa-etc.) . to go, move

: Causal leśayati- (Aorist alīliśat-) grammar : Desiderative lilikṣate-

: Intensive , leliśyate-, leleṣṭi-.

loc

(connected with ruc-and lok-) cl.1 A1. (

) locate- (perfect tense luloce-; future locitā-etc. grammar), to see, behold, perceive (See ā--and nir-loc-): Causal or cl.10 P. locayati- (Aorist alulocat-), to speak ; to shine (bhāṣārthe-,or bhāsārthe-)

: Desiderative lulociṣate- grammar : Intensive lolocyate-

loka

m. intermediate space

lokapāla

m. a world-protector, guardian of the world, regent of a quarter of the world (the loka-pāla-s are sometimes regarded as the guardian deities of different orders of beings, but more commonly of the four cardinal and four intermediate points of the world, viz. according to to

, 1. indra-, of the East;2. agni-, of South-east;3. yama-, of South;4. sūrya-, of South-west;5. varuṇa-, of West;6. pavana- or vāyu-, of North-west;7. kubera-, of North;8. soma- or candra- of North-east;others substitute nir-ṛti- for 4 and īśānī- or pṛthivī- for 8;according to

the Buddhists enumerate 4 or 8 or 10 or 14 loka-pāla-s)

etc.

lokasaṃgraha

m. experience gained from intercourse with men

lokasaṃvyavahāra

m. commerce or intercourse with the world, worldly business

lokavikruṣṭa

mfn. abused by the world, universally blamed or contemned

lokavṛtta

n. worldly intercourse, idle conversation

lolubha

mf(ā-)n. (fr. Intensive of lubh-) very desirous, eagerly longing for or greedy after (compound)

(see lolupa-).

lolupa

mf(ā-)n. (fr. Intensive of1. lup-) very destructive, destroying

loluva

mfn. (fr. Intensive) cutting much or often

lopa

m. breaking, hurting, injury, destruction, interruption

etc.

lopaka

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') interrupting, violating, destroying (See vidhi-l-)

loptṛ

mfn. one who interrupts or violates (with genitive case)

lū

cl.9 P. A1. (

) lun/āti-, lunīte- (Ved. also lunoti- perfect tense lulāva-

;2. sg. lulavitha-

;2. plural luluvidhve-or viḍhve-

; Aorist alāvīt-, alaviṣṭa- grammar; future lavitā-, laviṣyati-, te-

; infinitive mood lavitum-

; ind.p. lūtvā-

; -lāvam-

), to cut, sever, divide, pluck, reap, gather

etc. ; to cut off, destroy, annihilate

: Passive voice lūyate- (Aorist alāvi-), to be cut grammar : Causal lāvayati- (Aorist alīlavat-, vata-), to cause to cut grammar : Desiderative of Causal lilāvayiṣati-

: Desiderative lulūṣati-, te-

: Intensive lauluyate-, loloti-

: Desiderative of Intensive lolūyiṣate- (ind.p. yam-)

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin so-luo,solvo;Gothfra-liusan; German vir-lisosan,ver-lieren; Anglo-Saxon for-leo4san; English lose.]

lubdha

n. a hunter

lubdhaka

m. a hunter

etc.

lubdhaka

m. the star Sirius (so called because śiva- in the form of a hunter shot an arrow [represented by the three stars in the belt of Orion] at brahmā- transformed into a deer and pursuing his own daughter metamorphosed into a doe; see mṛga-vyādha-)

lubh

cl.6 P. lubhati- (only

) or cl.4 P.

l/ubhyati- (perfect tense lulubhe-

; Aorist alubhat-,or alobhīt- grammar; future lobdhā-,or lobhitā-, lobhiṣyati-

; infinitive mood lobdhum-

; ind.p. lobhitvā- lubhitvā-, lubdhvā- grammar), to be perplexed or disturbed, become disordered, go astray

; to desire greatly or eagerly, long for, be interested in (dative case or locative case)

etc. ; to entice, allure

: Causal lobh/ayati-, te- (Aorist alūlubhat-

; Passive voice lobhyate-

), to confound, bewilder, perplex, derange

; to cause to desire or long for, excite lust, allure, entice, attract

etc. ; to efface

(confer, compare Causal of lup-): Desiderative of Causal lulobhayiṣati-, see, ā- - lubh-: Desiderative lulubhiṣati- or lulobhiṣati- grammar : Intensive lolubhyate- (grammar also lolobdhi-), to have a vehement desire for (locative case)

[ confer, compare Latin lubet,libet,libido; Gothic liufs; German liob,lieb,lieben; Anglo-Saxon leo4f; English lief,love.]

luk

(only lukiṣyasi-and lukita-), prob. invented to explain the following word.

lup

(see rup-), cl.6. P. A1. (

) lump/ati-, te- (perfect tense lulopa-, lulupe-

etc.; Aorist alupat-, alupta- grammar; preceding, lopsiya-

; loptā-, lopsyati-, te- grammar; infinitive mood loptum-

; ind.p. luptvā-

etc.; -l/upya-

; -l/umpam-

; lopaṃ-

), to break, violate, hurt, injure, spoil

; to seize, fall or pounce upon (accusative)

; to rob, plunder, steal

; to cheat (said of a merchant)

; to take away, suppress, waste, cause to disappear

; to elide, erase, omit (a letter, word etc.)

; cl.4 P. lupyati- (perfect tense lulopa-; future lopitā-, lopiṣyati-,etc.) , to disturb, bewilder, perplex, confound

: Passive voice lupy/ate- (

l/upyate-; Aorist alopi-), to be broken etc.

etc. ; to be wasted or destroyed

; (in gram.) to be suppressed or lost or elided, disappear ; to be confounded or bewildered

: Causal lopayati-, te- (Aorist alūlupat-

; alulopat- grammar; Passive voice lopyate-), to cause to break or violate, cause to swerve from (ablative)

; to break, violate, infringe, neglect

etc. ; (A1.) to cause to disappear, efface

: Desiderative lulupsati- or lulopiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lolopti- (parasmE-pada lolupat-), to confound, bewilder, perplex

; lolupyate- equals garirhitaṃ- lumpati-

; to be greedy, in a-lolupyamāna- q.v ([For cognate wordsSee under rup-.])

luṭh

cl.6 P. (

) luṭhati- (perfect tense luloṭha-

; Aorist aloṭhīt-, ṭhiṣṭa- grammar; future luṭhitā-, loṭhiṣyati-

), to roll, move about or to and fro, wallow, welter, flutter, dangle

etc. ; to roll down from (ablative)

; to touch

; to agitate, move, stir

: Causal loṭhayati- (Aorist alūluṭhat-or aluloṭhat-), to set in motion, stir, agitate

; to sound, make resound

; to deal blows round about

: Desiderative : luluṭhiṣate-, to wish to roll, be on the point of rolling

: Intensive loluṭhīti-, to roll about (said of a drunken man)

mā

cl.3 P. m/imāti- (according to to

A1. mimīte-

mimeti-; Potential mimīyat-

; perfect tense, mimāya-; Aorist /amīmet- subjunctive mīmayat-; infinitive mood m/ātav/ai-), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (especially said of cows, calves, goats etc.)

: Intensive , only pr. p. m/emyat-, bleating (as a goat)

mā

cl.2 P. (

) māti- ; cl.3 A1. (

) m/imīte- ; cl.4. A1. (

) māyate- (Ved. and Epic also mimāti- Potential mimīyāt- imperative, mimīhi-; Potential mimet-

; perfect tense mam/au-, mame-, mamir/e-

; Aorist /aināsi- subjunctive masātai-

; amāsīt- grammar; preceding māsīṣṭa-, meyāt-

; future mātā-; māsyati-, māsyate-

; infinitive mood m/e- -m/ai-

; mātum-

; ind.p. mitv/ā-, -m/āya-

etc.) , to measure, mete out, mark off

etc. ; to measure across = traverse

; to measure (by any standard) , compare with (instrumental case)

; (māti-) to correspond in measure (either with genitive case,"to be large or long enough for"

;or with locative case,"to find room or be contained in"

;or with na-and instrumental case,"to be beside one's self with"

) ; to measure out, apportion, grant

; to help any one (accusative) to anything (dative case)

; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make

; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta-,"he displayed or developed himself",

)

; (in philosophy) to infer, conclude ; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi-)

: Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi-) ; to be measured etc.

Causal , māpayati-, te- (Aorist amīmapat-

Va1rtt. 2

), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect

etc.: Desiderative mitsati-, te-

(confer, compare nir-mā-): Intensive memīyate-

[ confer, compare Zend ma1; Greek , ; Latin me1tior,mensus,mensura; Slavonic or Slavonian me8ra; Lithuanian me3ra4.]

mad

(confer, compare mand-) cl.4 P. (

) m/ādyati- (Epic also te-; Vedic or Veda alsocl.1. P. A1. madati-, te-;cl.3. P. mam/atti-, ttu-, mam/adat-, /amamaduḥ-; Vedic or Veda imperative m/atsi-, sva-; perfect tense mam/āda-; Aorist amādiṣuḥ-, amatsuḥ-, amatta-; subjunctive m/atsati-, sat-; future maditā-, madiṣyati- grammar; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maditos-), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instrumental case genitive case locative case,rarely accusative), be drunk (also figuratively) with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors)

; to boil, bubble (as water)

; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire

: Causal mād/ayati-, te- (

; Aorist /amīmadat-or amamadat-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maday/adhyai-), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire

etc. ; (A1.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease

; (A1.) to enjoy heavenly bliss

: Desiderative mimadiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmadyate-, māmatti-

([Perhaps originally "to be moist"; confer, compare Greek ; Latin madere.])

mādhuparkika

mf(ī-)n. relating to or presented at the madhu-parka- ceremony,

madhurālāpa

m. sweet or melodious notes ( madhurālāpanisargapaṇḍita -nisarga-paṇḍita- mfn.acquainted with the nature of sweet notes id est skilled in sweet songs)

mādhurya

n. (in rhetoric) grace of style (especially consisting in the employment of separated words in a sentence, as opp. to śleṣa- q.v)

etc.

madhya

mf(ā-)n. middlemost, intermediate, central

madhya

n. (m. gaRa ardharcādi-) the middle, midst, centre, inside, interior

etc. ( madhyam am- ind.into the midst of, into, among, with genitive case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'

etc.; madhyena dhyena- ind.in or through the midst of, on the inside, through, between, with genitive case accusative or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'

etc.; madhyāt dhyāt- ind.from the midst of. out of. from among

etc.; madhye dhye- ind.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order)

madhya

n. intermediate condition between (genitive case)

madhya

n. cessation, pause, interval

madhyama

mf(ā-)n. being or placed in the middle, middlemost, intermediate, central

etc.

madhyama

m. a kind of antelope

madhyamaka

n. the interior of anything (kam pra-viś-,to enter)

madhyamaśī

m. "lying or being in the middle", (prob.) an intercessor

madhyanagara

n. the interior of a city

madhyapāta

m. falling or going in the midst, intercourse, commerce

madhyasthatā

f. intermediate situation, indifference, impartiality

mādhyasthya

n. intercession, mediation

madhyāyu

(

ya-yu-) mfn. intermediate, being a mediator or seeking a mediation

madhye

ind. in the middle, in the midst, within, between, among, in the presence of (with genitive case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';sometimes also in the beginning of a compound; see

compound below)

etc. (with kṛ-[ ind.p. -kṛtya-or -kṛtvā-

],to place in the middle, make an intermediary of.

;to count among

)

mahābhārata

n. (with or scilicet ākhyāna-),"great narrative of the war of the bharata-s", Name of the great epic poem in about 215, 000 lines describing the acts and contests of the sons of the two brothers dhṛtarāṣṭra- and pāṇḍu-, descendants of bharata-, who were of the lunar line of kings reigning in the neighbourhood of hastinā-pura- (the poem consists of 18 books with a supplement called hari-vaṃśa-, the whole being attributed to the sage vyāsa-)

etc. (

)

mahābodhi

m. or f. the great intelligence of a buddha-

mahābuddhi

f. the intellect

mahācaitanya

mfn. being the great intellect

mahācit

f. great intelligence ( mahācittva -tva- n.)

mahādhana

n. a great contest, great battle

mahāgandha

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

mahājava

m. an antelope

mahākāla

m. a form of śiva- in his character of destroyer (being then represented black and of terrific aspect) or a place sacred to that form of śiva-

etc.

mahāmaha

mfn. (prob. an old Intensive form) very mighty

mahāmārgapati

m. a superintendent of roads

mahāmātra

m. a superintendent of elephants

mahāmedhā

f. "great intelligence", Name of durgā-

mahānasādhyakṣa

m. a chief kitchen-superintendent

mahānimna

n. the intestines, abdomen

mahāpaurṇamāsī

f. a night in which Jupiter enters into conjunction with the full moon

mahāprājña

mfn. very wise, very clever or intelligent

mahārambha

mfn. performing great undertaking, enterprising, industrious

mahāruru

m. a species of antelope

mahāsahā

f. Name of various plants

(Gomphraena Globosa, Glycine Debilis

;Wrightia Antidysenterica etc.

)

mahāsaṃkrānti

f. "great passing", the sun's entrance into Capricorn, the winter solstice

mahāsarja

m. Artocarpus Integrifolia

mahāsaukhya

mfn. feeling intense delight,

mahāśvaśālā

f. the principal royal stables or office of superintending them

mahat

m. (rarely n. scilicet tattva-),"the great principle", Name of buddhi-,"Intellect", or the intellectual principle (according to the sāṃkhya- philosophy the second of the 23 principles produced from prakṛti- and so called as thegreatsource of ahaṃkāra-,"self-consciousness", and manas-,"the mind"; see

)

etc.

mahātattva

n. "the great principle", Intellect (second of the sāṃkhya- tattva-s;See mahat-)

mahātman

m. the great principle id est Intellect

mahattarā

f. (in dramatic language) a woman superintending the gynaeum,

mahattattva

n. "the great principle", Intellect (See above)

mahattva

n. violence, intensity

mahāvākya

n. a principal sentence, great proposition, Name of 12 sacred utterances of the upaniṣad-s (exempli gratia, 'for example' tat tvam asi-, aham brahmāsmi-etc., especially of the mystic words tattvam-and om-)

mahāvālabhid

m. Name of a maharṣi- and of a transposition of pāda-s in reciting the vālakhilya- (invented by him)

mahāvijña

mfn. very wise or intelligent

mahāvrata

n. Name of a sāman- or stotra- appointed to be sung on the last day but one of the gavām-ayana- (applied also to the day itself or its ceremonies or according to to commentator or commentary to the śastra- following the stotra-)

etc.

mahi

m. equals mahat-, intellect

mahīmṛga

m. the earthly antelope (opp. to tārā-mṛg-,2)

mahiṣārdana

m. "tormenter of mahiṣa-", Name of skanda-

maidhāvaka

n. intelligence, wisdom gaRa manojñādi-.

maithuna

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) copulation, sexual intercourse or union, marriage

etc. (accusative with ās-, i-, gam-, car-; dative case with upa-gam-,or upakram-,to have sexual intercourse)

maithunābhāṣaṇa

n. a conversation in which allusions are made to sexual intercourse,

maithunābhighāta

m. prohibition of sexual intercourse

maithunagamana

n. sexual intercourse

maithunavairāgya

n. abstinence from sexual intercourse

maithunika

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') having sexual intercourse

maitreyikā

f. a contest between friends or allies

majj

cl.6 P. (

) majjati- (Ved. m/ajjati-, Epic also te-; perfect tense mamajja-[2. sg. mamajjitha-,or mamaṅktha-]

; Aorist [ mā-] majjīs-

; amānkṣīt-

; preceding majjtāt-

; future maṅkṣyati-, te-

etc.; majjiṣyati-

; maṅktā- grammar; infinitive mood majjitum-

; maṅktum- grammar; ind.p. maṅktvā-or maktvā-

; m/ajjya-

), to sink (into), (accusative or locative case), go down, go to hell, perish, become ruined

etc. ; to sink (in water), dive, plunge or throw one's self into (locative case), bathe, be submerged or drowned

etc.: Causal majj/ayati- (Aorist amamajjat- grammar), to cause to sink, submerge, drown, overwhelm, destroy

etc. ; to inundate

; to strike or plant into (locative case)

: Desiderative mimaṅkṣati- or mimajjiṣati- grammar (confer, compare mimaṅkṣā-): Intensive māmajjyate-, māmaṅkti-

[ confer, compare Latin mergere,and undermajjan.]

makara

m. a kind of sea-monster (sometimes confounded with the crocodile, shark, dolphin etc.;regarded as the emblem of kāma-deva-[ see mokara-ketana-etc. below] or as a symbol of the 9th arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-;represented as an ornament on gates or on head-dresses)

etc.

mākis

(m/ā--) ind. (only in prohibitive sentences with subjunctive) may not or let not (= Latin ne)

; may no one (=ne-quis)

malākā

f. (only

) a female messenger, confidante

malamāsa

m. an intercalary month, an intercalated 13th month (in which no religious ceremonies should be performed)

etc.

malavaiśamya

n. a kind of dysentery

(correctly -vaiśadya-).

mālavī

f. (in music) a particular rāgiṇī-

(printed bhālavī-)

mālika

m. a painter, dyer

malimluc

m. (fr. Intensive of mluc-) "one who goes about in the dark", a robber, thief

malimluca

m. an intercalated 13th month (introduced every 5th year to approximate the lunar and solar modes of computation; see mala-māsa-)

malinita

mfn. tainted, wicked

mallayuddha

n. "a prize-fight", pugilistic encounter, wrestling or boxing match

mallikāpuṣpa

m. Citrus Decumana or Wrightia Antidysenterica

mamakāra

m. interesting one's self about anything

mamasatya

n. "the being mine", contest for ownership

mamatā

f. (mam/a--) the state of"mine", sense of ownership, self-interest, egotism, interest in (locative case)

mamatāśūnya

mfn. devoid of interest for us

maṃh

(see mah-) cl.1 A1. (

) m/aṃhate- (perfect tense, mamaṃhe-etc. grammar), to give, grant, bestow (with dānāya-,"as a present")

; to increase

: Causal maṃhayati- (cl.10. according to to

), to give etc.

; to speak or to shine

: Intensive , māmahe- etc. ; See mah-.

māṃsamaithuna

n. dual number animal food and sexual intercourse

man

cl.8.4. A1. (

) manut/e-, m/anyate- (Epic also ti-;3. plural manvat/e-

; perfect tense mene-

etc.; mamn/āthe-, n/āts-

; Aorist /amata-, /amanmahi- subjunctive manāmahe-, mananta-, parasmE-pada manān/a- q.v

; maṃsi-, amaṃsta- subjunctive maṃsate- preceding maṃsīṣṭa-,1. Persian mc. masīya-

; māṃsta-

, stādm-

; mandhvam-

; amaniṣṭa- grammar; future maṃsyate-

, ti-

; manta-, manitā- grammar; maniṣyate-

; infinitive mood mantum-

etc., m/antave-, tavai-

, m/antos-

; ind.p. matv/ā-

etc.; manitvā- grammar; -matya-

etc.; -manya-

etc.) , to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecture

etc. (manye-,I think, methinks, is in later language often inserted in a sentence without affecting the construction; confer, compare gaRa cādi-and

) ; to regard or consider any one or anything (accusative) as (accusative with or without iva-,or adverb,often in -vat-;in later language also dative case,to express contempt[ confer, compare

], exempli gratia, 'for example' gaRa rājyaṃ tṛṇaya- manye-,"I value empire at a straw" id est I make light of it equals laghu- man-,and opp. to bahu-,or sādhu- man-,to think much or well of, praise, approve)

; to think one's self or be thought to be, appear as, pass for (Nominal verb;also with iva-)

; to be of opinion, think fit or right

etc. ; to agree or be of the same opinion with (accusative)

; to set the heart or mind on, honour, esteem (with nau-,disdain) , hope or wish for (accusative or genitive case)

etc. ; to think of (in prayer etc., either"to remember, meditate on", or"mention, declare", or"excogitate, invent")

; to perceive, observe, learn, know, understand, comprehend (accusative,Ved. also genitive case).

etc. ; to offer, present

: Causal (

) mānayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amīmanat-; Passive voice mānyate-), to honour, esteem, value highly (also with uru-, bahu-and sādhu-)

etc. ; (A1.) stambhe-

; garvake-

: Desiderative (

) mīmāṃsate- (rarely ti-; amīmāṃsiṣṭhās-

; mīmāṃsy/ate-

; mimaṃsate-, mimaniṣate- grammar), to reflect upon, consider, examine, investigate

etc. ; to call in question, doubt ("with regard to" locative case)

: Desiderative of Desiderative mimāmiṣate- grammar : Intensive manmanyate-, manmanti-

[ confer, compare Zend man; Greek ,, Latin meminisse,monere; Slavonic or Slavonian and Lithuanian mine4ti; Gothic ga-munan; Germ,meinen; English mean.]

manaḥsamṛddhi

f. heart's content

manana

n. thinking, reflection, meditation, thought, intelligence, understanding (especially intrinsic knowledge or science, as one of the faculties connected with the senses

equals manman-)

( mananā n/ā- ind.thoughtfully, deliberately

)

manas

n. mind (in its widest sense as applied to all the mental powers), intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, sense, conscience, will

etc. etc. (in philosophy the internal organ or antaḥ-karaṇa-of perception and cognition, the faculty or instrument through which thoughts enter or by which objects of sense affect the soul

;in this sense manas-is always regarded as distinct from ātman-and puruṣa-,"spirit or soul"and belonging only to the body, like which it is - except in the nyāya- - considered perishable;as to its position in the various systemsSee for nyāya- and vaiśeṣika-

, for sāṃkhya- and vedānta-

;in

it is sometimes joined with hṛd-or hṛdaya-,the heart

cakṣus-,the eye)

manas

n. thought, imagination, excogitation, invention, reflection, opinion, intention, inclination, affection, desire, mood, temper, spirit

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' after a verbal noun or an infinitive mood stem in tu-= having a mind or wishing to; see draṣṭu-m-etc.; manaḥ- kṛ-,to make up one's mind;with genitive case,to feel inclination for; manaḥ- kṛ-, pra-kṛ-, dhā-,vi- dhā-, dhṛ-, bandh-and Causal of ni-viś-with locative case dative case accusative with prati-,or infinitive mood,to direct the mind or thoughts towards, think of or upon; manaḥ-with sam-ā-dhā-,to recover the senses, collect one's self;with han-See mano-hatya-; manasā m/anasā- ind.in the mind;in thought or imagination;with all the heart, willingly;with genitive case,by the leave of;with iva- equals seva-,as with a thought, in a moment;with man-,to think in one's mind, be willing or inclined;with saṃ-gam-,to become unanimous, agree; manasi-with kṛ-,to bear or ponder in the mind, meditate on, remember;with ni-dhā-,to impress on the mind, consider;with vṛt-,to be passing in one's mind)

manasājñāyin

(sājñ-) mfn. perceiving with the soul or intellectually

manasin

mfn. having a mind or soul, having intellect

manastuṣṭi

f. satisfaction of mind, heart's content

manastva

n. intellectual state, the state or condition of mind

manasvin

mfn. full of mind or sense, intelligent, clever, wise

etc.

manasvitā

f. intelligence, high-mindedness, magnanimity

manasya

Nom. P. A1. sy/ati-, te- (gaRa kaṇḍv-ādi-), to have in mind, intend

; to think, reflect

māṇava

m. a youth, lad, youngster (especially a young Brahman;also contemptuously = little man, manikin)

(see daṇḍa-m-)

maṇḍalāgra

mfn. round-pointed (as a sword)

mandāra

m. a white variety of Calotropis Gigantea

mandha

m. a kind of antelope

(Scholiast or Commentator mantha-).

maṇḍūkānuvṛtti

f. "frog-course", skipping over or omitting at intervals

(see maṇḍūka-pluti-).

maṇḍūkayoganiyata

mfn. intent upon the frog-meditation

maṅgalakaraṇa

n. "luck-causing", the act of reciting a prayer for success before the beginning of any enterprise

manīṣā

f. thought, reflection, consideration, wisdom, intelligence, conception, idea (p/aro manīṣ/ayā-,beyond all conception)

etc.

manīṣikā

f. wisdom, intelligence (sva-manīṣikayā-,"according to one's own judgement")

manīṣin

mfn. thoughtful, intelligent, wise, sage, prudent.

etc.

mañj

(prob. invented to account for the following words of more or less uncertain origin; see mārj-, mṛj-) cl.10 P. mañjayati-, to cleanse or be bright ; to sound,

mañjarita

mfn. "having clusters of flowers"or"mounted on a stalk"

(gaRa tārakādi-).

manman

n. thought, understanding, intellect, wisdom

manmatha

m. (either an Intensive form fr. math-,or fr. man- equals manas-+ matha-,"agitating"; see mandeha-and mandhātṛ-) love or the god of love, amorous passion or desire (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).)

etc.

manmathayuddha

n. strife of love, amorous strife or contest

manodhātu

m. the sphere of the mind or intellect (with

one of the 18 elementary spheres)

manodhṛt

mfn. "having the mind restrained or controlled", prudent, intelligent

manohata

mfn. frustrated in expectation, disappointed

manojyotis

(m/ano--) mfn. one whose light is the intellect

manorathabandha

m. the cherishing or entertaining of desires ( manorathabandhabandhu dha-bandhu- m.the friend of [i.e. one who satisfies] wishes,

)

mānotsekaparākramavyasanin

mfn. possessing intense diligence, prowess, haughtiness and pride

maṇṭ

cl.10 P. maṇṭayati-, to act as an intermediator

(Scholiast or Commentator)

mantha

m. a kind of antelope

manthara

m. an antelope

mantrārtha

m. "the contents or object of a sacred text or a spell", Name of work

mantravāda

m. the substance or contents of a sacred text (plural with ślokāḥ-= verses containing a sacred text)

mantravādin

m. a reciter of sacred text or spells, enchanter

mantravat

mfn. enchanted (as a weapon)

māntrika

m. a reciter of spells, enchanter, sorcerer

mantrin

m. "knowing sacred texts or spells", a conjurer, enchanter

mantrita

mfn. consecrated with sacred texts, enchanted, charmed

mantu

f. thought, understanding, intellect

mantumat

mfn. (only vocative case m/antu-mas-) wise, intelligent

manu

mfn. thinking, wise, intelligent

manuṣyacara

mfn. having dealings or intercourse with men

manuṣyamāraṇa

n. manslaughter, (unintentionally) killing a man

manuṣyat

ind. equals next

(printed ṣv/at-; see

mārga

m. (in medicine) a way, passage, channel (in any part of the body, especially the intestinal canal, anus)

mārga

m. (with Buddhists) the way or path pointed out by buddha- for escape from the misery of existence (one of the 4 noble. truths)

(see āryāṣṭāṅga-m-)

mārgaśīrṣa

m. (also with māsa-) Name of the month in which the full moon enters the constellation mṛga-śiras-, the 10th or (in later times) the 1st month in the year = November-December,

etc.

mārgaśīrṣa

f(ī-or ā-). (with or without paurṇamāsī-) the day on which the full moon enters the constellation mṛga-śiras-, the 15th day of the first half of the month mārgaśīrṣa-,

mārgavāsas

mfn. clad in an antelope's skin

mārgavinodana

n. entertainment on a journey

mārgika

m. a hunter

mārgita

mfn. sought, searched, searched through, pursued, hunted after

marīmṛja

mfn. (fr. Intensive of mṛj-) rubbing repeatedly or very much

marīmṛśa

mfn. (fr. Intensive of mṛś-) feeling about, groping

mārjārakaraṇa

n. a particular posture in sexual intercourse (also rīśkramaṇa-)

mark

(prob. invented to serve as the source of the words below) , to go, move.

marmaccheda

m. the act of cutting through the vitals or to the quick, causing intense suffering or pain

marmapāraga

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') one who has penetrated into the interior of any matter, thoroughly conversant with

mārmika

mfn. (fr. marman-) versed in, familiar or acquainted with anything (locative case or compound)

marmṛjenya

mfn. (fr. Intensive of mṛj-) to be rubbed down or cleansed repeatedly (as a horse)

marṣita

mfn. patient, content

(see a-marṣita-)

maru

m. a deer, antelope

marūdbhava

m. "produced in a desert", a kind of ill-scented Mimosa

maruka

m. a deer, antelope

maruprapatana

n. the act of throwing one's self from a rock

(printed marut-pr-).

maṣ

(prob. invented to serve as the source of the words below) cl.1 P. maṣati-, to hurt, injure

mata

mfn. desired, intended

mata

n. intention, design, purpose, wish

matajña

mfn. knowing a person's intention,

matasna

n. dual number Name of particular internal organs of the body

(hṛdayobhaya-pārśva-sthe asthinī-,two bones situated on either side of the heart,

)

maṭh

(prob. invented for the words below) cl.1 P. maṭhati-, to dwell or to be intoxicated

(

"to grind", others,"to go") : Causal maṭhayati- See mathaya-.

math

or manth- (q.v) cl.1.9. P. (

) māthati-, m/anthati-, mathn/āti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. m/athate-, m/anthate-and mathnīte-; imperative mathnadhvam-

; perfect tense mamātha-

;3. plural mamathuḥ-

; methuḥ-, methire-

; mamantha-, nthuḥ-

; Aorist mathīt-

; amanthiṣṭām-

; amathiṣata-

; future mathiṣyati-, te- manthiṣyati-

etc.; mathitā-

; infinitive mood mathitum-

etc.; tos-

; m/anthitav/ai-

; ind.p. mathitv/ā-, -m/athya-

etc.; manthitvā-,

; -manthya-and -mātham-

etc.) . to stir or whirl round

etc. ; (with agnim-), to produce fire by rapidly whirling round or rotating a dry stick (araṇi-) in another dry stick prepared to receive it

; (with araṇim-), to rotate the stick for producing fire

; (with ūrum-, hastam-etc.) , to use friction upon any part of the body with the object of producing offspring from it

; to churn (milk into butter) , produce by churning

etc. (also with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' sudhāṃ- kṣīra-nidhim mathnāti-,"he churns nectar out of the ocean of milk"

) ; to mix, mingle

; to stir up, shake, agitate, trouble disturb, afflict, distress, hurt, destroy

etc. etc.: Passive voice mathy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to be stirred up or churned etc.

etc. etc.: Causal manthayati- (

), māthayati- (

), to cause to be stirred up or churned etc.: Desiderative mimathiṣati-, mimanthiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmathyate-, māmantti- etc.

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin mentha,menta; Lit.mentu4re; German minza,Minze; Anglo-Saxon minte; English mint.]

maṭhādhipati

m. the superintendent of a monastery, principal of a college etc.

māṭhara

m. (fr. maṭha-) the superintendent of a monastic school or college

mathita

mfn. dislocated, disjointed

mati

f. thought, design, intention, resolution, determination, inclination, wish, desire (with locative case dative case or infinitive mood)

etc. ( matyā matyā- ind.wittingly, knowingly, purposely; matiṃ- kṛ-or dhā-or dhṛ-or ā-dhā-or samā-dhā-or ā-sthā-or sam-ā-sthā-,with locative case dative case accusative with prati-,or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to set the heart on, make up one's mind, resolve, determine; matim-with Causal of ni-vṛt-and ablative of a verbal noun, to give up the idea of; āhita-mati- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' -having resolved upon; vinivṛtta-mati-with ablative = having desisted from)

mati

f. the mind, perception, understanding, intelligence, sense, judgement

etc. etc. (in

also "that which is sensible", intelligent, mindful, applied to aditi-, indra- and agni-)

matidarśana

n. the act or faculty of seeing into the thoughts or intentions (of others)

matigarbha

mfn. "filled with intelligence", clever, intelligent

matikarman

n. a matter of the intellect

matimat

mfn. clever, intelligent, wise

etc.

matipūrva

mfn. purposed, intended

matipūrvaka

mfn. purposed, intended

matiśālin

mfn. "possessing intelligence", clever, wise

mātṛvartin

m. "behaving well to a mother", Name of a hunter

mātṛvidūṣita

mfn. tainted or impaired by a mother

matsyāvatāra

m. "fish-descent", Name of the first of the 10 incarnations of viṣṇu- (who became a fish to save the 7th manu- from the universal deluge;the conversation between them forms the matsya-purāṇa- q.v;in

the fish is represented as an incarnation of brahmā-; see

)

matutha

m. ( man-) an intelligent person

(equals medhāvin-

) .

mauli

mf. hair ornamented and braided round the head (equals dhammilla-)

mav

(see mavy-and mū-) cl.1 P. (

) mavati-, only perfect tense mevuḥ- (varia lectio nehuḥ-)

: Intensive mammavyate-, māmavyate-

māyāchadmapara

mfn. only intent upon fraud and deceit

māyāmṛga

m. an illusory antelope, phantom deer

māyāyantra

n. "instrument of illusion", enchantment (in the beginning of a compound = enchanted, magical, exempli gratia, 'for example' māyāyantravimāna tra-vimāna- mn. an enchanted chariot, magical car)

mayu

m. an antelope, deer

cl.1 A1. (

) mayate- (Epic also P. mayati-; perfect tense manme- grammar; Aorist amāsta-

; future mātā-, māsyate-

; ind.p. -mitya-or -māya-

) . to exchange, barter (see apa--.and ni-me-): Causal māpayati-

: Desiderative mitsate-

: Intensive memīyatc-, māmeti-, māmāti-

medhā

f. mental vigour or power, intelligence, prudence, wisdom (plural products of intelligence, thoughts, opinions)

etc.

medhā

f. Intelligence personified (especially as the wife of dharma- and daughter of dakṣa-)

medhājanana

mfn. generating intelligence or wisdom

medhākāma

mfn. wishing intelligence to or for (genitive case)

medhākāra

mfn. causing or generating intelligence

medhas

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') equals medhā-, intelligence, knowledge, understanding.

medhāvat

mfn. possessing wisdom, intelligent, wise

medhira

mfn. (fr. medhā-) intelligent, wise (said of varuṇa-, indra-, agni- etc.)

medhya

mf(ā-)n. (fr. medhā-). wise, intelligent

mela

m. ( mil-) meeting, union, intercourse

memiṣa

mfn. (fr. Intensive of1. miṣ-) opening the eyes wide, staring (in /ati-m-)

meṣāntrī

f. Argyreia Speciosa or Argentea

(see 3. mā-and mī-) cl.5. P. A1. (

) min/oti-, minute- (perfect tense P. mimāya-, mimy/uḥ-

, mamau-,Gr,; A1. mimye- grammar Aorist amāsīt-, sta-

; preceding mīyāt-, māsīṣṭa-

; future mātā-, māsyati-, te-

; parasmE-pada meṣyat-[?]

; ind.p. -mitya-

, -māya- grammar), to fix or fasten in the earth, set up, found, build, construct

; to mete out, measure

; to judge, observe, perceive, know

; to cast, throw, scatter

: Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi- grammar), to be fixed etc.

: Causal māpayati- (Aorist amīmapat-) grammar : Desiderative mitsati-, te-

: Intensive memīyate-, memayīte-, memeti-

mī

cl.9 P. A1. (

) mīnāti-, mīnīte- (Ved. also min/āti-and minoti-; m/īyate-or mīy/ate-[

]; mimītas-, mimīyāt-[?]; perfect tense mimāya-

; mīmaya-

; mamau-, mimye- grammar; Aorist amāsīt-, amāsta- grammar; meṣṭa-

; Aorist Passive voice /amāyi-

; preceding mīyāt-, māsīṣṭa- grammar; future mātā-, māsyati-, te- grammar; meṣyate-

; infinitive mood -m/iyam-, -miye-

; m/etos-

; ind.p. mītvā-, -mīya-, māya- grammar), to lessen, diminish, destroy (A. and Passive voice to perish, disappear, die)

; to lose one's way, go astray

; to transgress, violate, frustrate, change, alter

: Causal māpayati- Aorist amīmapat-. See pra-mī- ; Desiderative mitsati-, te- grammar : Intensive memīyate-, memayīti-, memeti-

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin minuere; Slavonic or Slavonian mi8nij; German minniro,minre,minder; Anglo-Saxon min.]

mīḍha

n. contest, strife

mih

cl.1 P. (

) m/ehati- (Epic also A1. te-, parasmE-pada -meghamāna-

; perfect tense mimeha- grammar; Aorist amikṣat-

; future meḍhā- grammar, mekṣy/ati-

; infinitive mood mih/e-

), to void or pass urine, make water upon (locative case or accusative) or towards (accusative)

etc. ; to emit seminal fluid

; (m/imiḍḍhi-) equals yācñā-karman- mehayati- '>

(Aorist amīmihat- grammar) to cause to make water

: Desiderative mimikṣati- See 1. mikṣ-: Intensive m/emihat- See ni-mih-. ([ confer, compare Greek , Latin mingere,mejere; Slavonic or Slavonian migla; Lithuanian me34z3, Anglo-Saxon mi7gan; German Mist.])

mil

cl.6 P. A1. (

;but see

) milati-, te- (perfect tense mimiluḥ-

; future miliṣyati-

; Aorist amelīt-, ameliṣṭa- grammar; ind.p. militvā-and -milya-,

), to meet (as friends or foes) , encounter, join, fall in with (instrumental case with or without saha-; dative case genitive case,or locative case), come together, assemble, concur

etc.: Causal melayati- (or melāpayati-; see melāpaka-), to cause any one to meet any one else (genitive case), bring together, assemble

mīl

cl.1 P. (

) mī- lati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense mimīla-

; Aorist amīlīt- grammar; future mīlitā-, mīliṣyati-

; ind.p. -mīlya-

), to close the eyes

; to close (intrans., said of the eyes), wink, twinkle

; (equals mil-) to assemble, be collected

: Causal mīlayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amimīlat-,or amīmilat-

), to cause to close, close (eyes, blossoms etc.)

: Desiderative mimīliṣati- grammar : Intensive memīyate-, memīlti-

mīḷha

n. contest, strife

milita

mfn. met, encountered, united etc.

mīmāṃsā

f. "examination of the Vedic text", Name of one of the 3 great divisions of orthodox Hindu philosophy (divided into 2 systems, viz. the pūrva-mīmāṃsā- or karma-mīmāṃsā- by jaimini-, concerning itself chiefly with the correct interpretation of Vedic ritual and text, and usually called the mīmāṃsā-;and the uttara-mīmāṃsā- or brahma-mīmāṃsā- or śārīraka-mīmāṃsā- by bādarāyaṇa-, commonly styled the vedānta- and dealing chiefly with the nature of brahma- or the one universal Spirit)

miśra

n. principal and interest

(see -dhana-)

miśradhana

n. principal and interest

miśravyavahāra

m. (in arithmetic) investigation of mixed or combined quantities, ascertainment of anything combined (as of principal and interest, etc.)

miśrībhāva

m. mingling carnally, sexual intercourse

miśrībhū

P. -bhavati-, to become mixed, mix (also sexually), intertwine, meet together

mithas

ind. by contest or dispute

mithunīcārin

mfn. coupling together, having sexual intercourse

mithyāvadhyānukīrtana

n. the proclaiming that any one has been unjustly sentenced to death

mitrabhṛt

mfn. entertaining or supporting a friend

mitrayuddha

n. a contest of friend

mlānavaktra

mfn. having a blackened countenance

mlecchitaka

n. the speaking in a foreign jargon (unintelligible to others)

mluc

(see mruc-) cl.1 P. (

) ml/ocati- (Aorist amlucat-and amlocīt-

), to go, move ; to go down, set

: Desiderative mumluciṣati- and mumlociṣati-

: Intensive malimlucāmahe-, to bring to rest, allay

(see anu--, upa--, ni--, abhi-ni-mluc-).

mnā

(see man-,with which mnā-was originally identical) cl.1 P.

; manati- (grammar also perfect tense mamnau-; Aorist amnāsīt-; preceding mnāyāt-,or mneyāt-; future mnātā-and mnāsyati-; infinitive mood mnātum-: Causal mnāpayati- Aorist amimnapat-: Desiderative mimnāsati-: Intensive, māmnāyate-, māmnāti-, māmneti-), only in anu--, ā--, praty-ā--, sam-ā--, pari-mnā-.

mohana

n. sexual intercourse

momugha

mfn. (fr. Intensive of1. muh-) mad, insane

mṛ

cl.6 A1. (

) mriy/ate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; cl.1 P. A1. marati-, m/arate-

; imperative mara-,

; perfect tense mam/āra-, mamruḥ-

etc.; parasmE-pada mamṛv/as-

; A1. mamrire-

; Aorist amṛta- subjunctive mṛthāh-

; Potential murīya-.

; mriṣīṣṭa-

; future martā- grammar; mariṣyati-

etc.; te-

; infinitive mood martum-

etc.; martave-

; ind.p. mṛtv/ā-

; -māram-

), to die, decease

etc. etc.: Passive voice mriyate- (confer, compare above;sometimes used impers, with instrumental case; perfect tense mamre-; Aorist amāri-)

: Causal mār/ayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist, amīmarat-): Passive voice māryate-, to cause to die, kill, slay

etc. etc.: Desiderative of Causal See mimārayiṣu-: Desiderative mumūrṣati- (

) , to wish or be about to die, face death

: Intensive memrīyate-, marmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend mar,mareta; Greek for ; Latin mors,morioretc.; Slavonic or Slavonian mre8ti; Lithuanian mi4rti; Gothic maurthr; German Mord,morden; English murder.])

mrad

(see 1. mṛd-) cl.1 A1. mradate- (grammar also perfect tense mamrade- future mraditā-etc.) , only in pra-- and vi-mrad-: Causal mradayati- (Aorist amamradat-

), to smooth: Desiderative mimradiṣate- grammar : Intensive māmradyate-, māmratti-

mṛḍ

(

mṛḷ-) cl.6 P. (

), mṛḍati- (mṛḷati-;once A1. mṛḍase-

) cl.9. P. mṛḍnāti- (

), cl.10., mṛḍayati- (mṛḷ/ayati-), te- ; mṛṇḍayati- (?),

(perfect tense mamarḍa- grammar; mamṛḍyuḥ-

; amarḍīt- grammar; future marḍitā-, ḍiṣyati-

; infinitive mood marḍitum-

; ind.p. mṛḍitvā-

), to be gracious or favourable, pardon, spare (with dative case of Persian and accusative of, thing)

etc. ; to treat kindly, make happy, rejoice, delight (with accusative)

: Causal marḍayati- (Aorist amīmṛḍat-,or amamarḍat-) grammar : Desiderative mimarḍiṣati-

: Intensive marīmṛḍyate-, marīmarṭṭi-

mṛd

(confer, compare mrad-and mṛḍ-) cl.9 P. mṛdnāti- (cl.1. P. A1. m/ardati-, te-

; confer, compare

; perfect tense P. mamarda-,3. plural mamṛduh-.or mamarduḥ- A1. mamṛde-

; Aorist, amaradīt- grammar; future, mardiṣyati-, te-

; infinitive mood marditum-

; tos-

; -mrad/e-

; ind.p., mriditvā-

; m/ṛdya-

etc.; -mardam-

), to press, squeeze, crush, pound, smash, trample down, tread upon, destroy, waste, ravage, kill, slay

etc. ; to rub, stroke, wipe (exempli gratia, 'for example' the forehead)

; to rub into, mingle with (instrumental case)

; to rub against, touch, pass through (a constellation)

; to overcome, surpass

: Causal mardayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist amīmridat-or amamardat-), to press or squeeze hard, crush, break, trample down, oppress, torment, plague, destroy, kill

etc. ; to rub

; to cause to be trampled down

: Desiderative mimardiṣati-, to desire to crush or pound

Intensive marmartti- (only imperative ttu-

), to crush, grind down, destroy ; marīmartti- and marimṛdyate- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek and under mṛdu-.])

mṛdh

f. a contemner, adversary, foe

mṛdhas

n. disdain, contempt (only dhas-kṛ-to disdain, contemn, injure)

mṛdhra

n. contempt or one who contemns or injures, adversary, foe

mṛduparvaka

m. "soft-jointed", a reed, cane

mṛduparvan

m. "soft-jointed", a reed, cane

mṛga

m. (prob."ranger","rover") a forest animal or wild beast, game of any kind, (especially) a deer, fawn, gazelle, antelope, stag, musk-deer

etc.

mṛga

m. the deer or antelope in the moon (id est the spots on the disk supposed to resemble those of an antelope as well as a hare)

mṛga

m. the disk or antelope in the sky (either the nakṣatra- mṛga-śiras- or the sign of the zodiac Capricorn;also in general the 10th arc of 30 degrees in a circle)

etc.

mṛgadyū

m. a hunter

mṛgajīvana

m. one who lives by hunting, a hunter

mṛgapati

m. "antelope's lord", a roebuck

mṛgarkṣa

(m-+ ṛkṣa-) n. sg. an antelope or a bear

mṛgarūpin

mfn. deer-shaped, being in the form of an antelope

mṛgasattama

m. the best of antelopes

mṛgaśāyikā

f. the recumbent posture of an antelope (śayīta mṛgaśāyikām-,"let him lie as still as an antelope")

mṛgaśiras

n. (mṛg/a--) Name of the 3rd (or 5th) nakṣatra- (q.v) containing 3 stars (one of which is Orionis;it is figured by an antelope's head)

mṛgavāhana

m. "having a deer for a vehicle", the god of wind (sometimes so represented), wind

mṛgavyādhasarpasūkara

m. plural a deer, hunter, snake and boar

mṛgebha

n. sg. an antelope and (or) an elephant

mṛgī

f. a female deer or antelope, doe

etc.

mṛgī

f. Name of the mythical progenitress of antelopes

mṛgottama

m. best of antelopes, a very beautiful deer

mṛgya

mfn. to be hunted after or sought for or found out

mṛj

(confer, compare marj-, mārj-and mṛś-) cl.2 P. m/ārṣṭi- (Ved. also A1. mṛṣṭ/e-and cl.6 P. A1. mṛj/ati-, te-,3. plural mṛñjata-

; Potential mṛñjyāt-

; cl.1 P.

mārjati-, te-

; perfect tense mamārja-, mamṛj/e-

etc.;3. plural mamārjuḥ-

; māmṛjuḥ-

; A1. māmṛj/e-, jīta-

; Aorist amṛkṣat-, ṣata-

; amārkṣīt-and amārjīt-

; future mraṣṭā-

; mārṣṭā-or mārjitā- grammar; mrakṣyate-or mārkṣyate-

etc.; mārjiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood marṣṭum-, mārṣṭum-and mārjitum-

etc.; ind.p. mṛṣvā-

; -mṛjya-

; -mārjya-

), to wipe, rub, cleanse, polish, clean, purify, embellish, adorn (A1.also "one's self")

etc. ; to make smooth, curry (exempli gratia, 'for example' a horse or other animal)

; to stroke

; to wipe off or out, remove, destroy

etc. ; to wipe off or transfer (impurity, debt etc.) from one's self upon (locative case)

; to carry away, win

; (mārṣṭi-), to go

(

): Causal or cl.10. marjayati-, te- (Ved., mārjayati-, te-

etc.; Aorist amamārjat- grammar; amīmṛjanta-

; Passive voice mārjate-

), to wipe, rub, cleanse, purify, adorn

etc. ; to wipe off, remove, destroy

; (marjayate-), to move about, roam

(

): Desiderative mimārjiṣati- and mimṛkṣati- grammar : Intensive marmṛjīti- (jm/a-, janta-, parasmE-pada jān/a-), marmṛjy/ate-

; marīmṛjy/ate-

; marmārṣṭi- grammar ; to rub or wipe off, clean, purify (A.also "one's self").[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mulgere; Slavonic or Slavonian mle8sti; Lithuanian mi4lsti; German,melke,Milch; English milk.]

mṛś

(often confounded with1. mṛṣ-) cl.6 P. (

) mṛś/ati- (rarely

te-; perfect tense P. mamarśa-, mamṛśuḥ-

; māmṛśuḥ-

; A1. mamṛśe-.

; Aorist /amṛkṣat-

etc.; amārkṣīt-or amrākṣīt- grammar; future marṣṭā-, mraṣṭā-

; markṣtati-, mrakṣyati-

; infinitive mood marṣṭum-

etc.; -m/ṛśe-

; ind.p. -mṛśya-

; -marśam-

), to touch, stroke, handle

; to touch mentally, consider, reflect, deliberate

: Intensive , marmṛśat- (See abhi-mṛś-)

; marīmṛśyate- (?) , to seize, grasp

[ confer, compare Latin mulceo.]

mṛṣ

(often confounded with1. mṛś-) cl.4 P. A1. (

) mṛṣyati-, te- (in

onlyA1.; according to to

also cl.1 P. A1. marṣati-, te- see 3. mṛṣ-; pr.p. mṛṣat-

; perfect tense mam/arṣa-

, mamṛṣe-

etc.; Aorist, mṛṣṭhās-, mṛṣantta-

; marṣiṣṭhās-

; arnriṣat-

; amarṣrīt- grammar; future, marṣitā-; marṣiṣyati-, te-

; infinitive mood -m/ṛṣe-

; ind.p., marṣitvā-, mriṣitvā-or mṛṣṭvā- grammar; -mṛṣya-

), to forget, neglect

; to disregard, not heed or mind, mind, bear patiently, put up with (accusative)

etc. ; to pardon, forgive, excuse, bear with (genitive case)

; to suffer, permit to (infinitive mood)

; to like (with, as-,dislike)

: Causal (or cl.10.

) marṣayati-, te- (Aorist amīmṛṣat-or amamarṣat-), to cause to forget

; to bear, suffer, overlook, pardon, excuse

etc. etc. (mostly with accusative;sometimes with Potential or future or with Potential after yad-, yac ca-yadi-, yadā-, jātu- exempli gratia, 'for example' na marṣayāmi yat--,I cannot

) ; to put up with anything from (genitive case)

; (with na-), not to let alone, molest

: Intensive māmriṣat-, to bear, suffer

mṛtyumṛtyu

m. the death of disease id est a remover or preventer of disease ( mṛtyumṛtyutva -tva- n.)

mū

(see mav-and 1. mīv-) cl.1 A1. mavate-, to bind, tie, fix

: Causal Aorist amīmavat-

: Desiderative of Causal mimāvayiṣati-

: Intensive māmoti-, māmavīti-

muc

cl.6 P. A1. (

) muñc/ati-, te- (

also, muc/anti-, mucasva-; parasmE-pada muñcāna-

; perfect tense, mum/oca-, mumuc/e-, Vedic or Veda , also, mum/ocat-, m/umocati-, mumucas-, mumoktu-, amumuktam-; Aorist /amok-

; imperative mogdh/i-

; amauk-

; /amucat-

; amukṣi-, mukṣata-

; preceding mucīṣṭa-

; mukṣīya-

; future, moktā-,

; mokṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood moktum-

etc.; ind.p. muktv/ā-

, -m/ucya-

, m/okam-,

), to loose, let loose, free, let go, slacken, release, liberate ("from", ablative or -tas-; A1.and Passive voice with ablative or instrumental case,rarely with genitive case"to free one's self, get rid of, escape from")

etc., etc. (with kaṇṭham-,to relax the throat id est raise a cry;with raśmīn-,to slacken the reins;with prāṇān-,to deprive of life, kill) ; to spare, let live

; to set free, allow to depart, dismiss, despatch ("to" , loc. or dative case)

etc. ; to relinquish, abandon, leave, quit, give up, set aside, depose

(with kalevaram-, deham-, prāṇān-or jīvitam-,to quit the body or give up the ghost id est to die) ; to yield, grant, bestow

; to send forth, shed, emit, utter, discharge, throw, cast, hurl, shoot at ("or upon" locative case dative case,or accusative with or without prati-;with ablative and ātmānam-,to throw one's self down from)

etc. ; (A1.) to put on

(Scholiast or Commentator) : Passive voice mucy/ate- (or m/ucyate-, Epic also ti-and future mokṣyati-; Aorist /amoci-), to be loosed, to be set free or released

etc. ; to deliver one's self from, to get rid of, escape (especially from sin or the bonds of existence)

etc. ; to abstain from (ablative)

; to be deprived or destitute of (instrumental case)

: Causal mocayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist amūmucat-), to cause to loose or let go or give up or discharge or shed (with two accusative)

; to unloose, unyoke, unharness (horses)

; to set free, liberate, absolve from (ablative)

etc. ; to redeem (a pledge)

; to open (a road)

; to give away, spend, bestow

; to gladden, delight, yield enjoyment

: Desiderative of Causal mumocayiṣati-, to wish to deliver (from the bondage of existence)

(confer, compare, mumocayiṣu-): Desiderative mumukṣati-, te-, (P.) to wish or be about to set free

; to be about to give up or relinquish (life)

; to wish or intend to cast or hurl

; (A1.) to wish to free one's self

; to desire final liberation or beatitude

(confer, compare mokṣ-): Intensive momucyate- or monokti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mungo,mucus.])

mud

cl.1 A1. (

) m/odate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; perfect tense mum/oda-

; mumude-

etc.; Aorist amodiṣṭa- grammar; Potential mudīmahi-

; preceding modiṣīṣṭhās-

; future moditā- grammar; modiṣyate-

; ind.p. -modam-

), to be merry or glad or happy, rejoice, delight in (instrumental case or locative case)

etc. etc.: Causal , modayati-, te- (Aorist amumudat-), to gladden, give pleasure, exhilarate

: Desiderative , of Causal mumodayiṣati-

: Desiderative mumodiṣate- or mumudithate-

: Intensive momudyate-, momudīti-, momotti- grammar

mudrā

f. Name of particular positions or intertwinings of the fingers (24 in number, commonly practised in religious worship, and supposed to possess an occult meaning and magical efficacy

)

mudrālipi

f. "printed writing", print, lithograph

mudrikā

f. Name of particular positions or intertwinings of the fingers (equals mudrā- q.v)

mudrita

mfn. sealed, stamped, impressed, printed, marked

mudrita

mfn. intertwined in particular forms (as the fingers; see mudrā-)

mugdhahariṇī

f. a young or tender antelope,

muh

cl.4 P. (

) m/uhyati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense mumoha-

etc.; mumuhe-

; Aorist amuhat-

; future mohitā-, mogdhā-, moḍhā- grammar; mohiṣy/ati-

; mokṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood muh/e-

; ind.p. mohitvā-, muhiśvā-; mugdhvā-, mūḍhvā- grammar; -m/oham- grammar), to become stupefied or unconscious, be bewildered or perplexed, err, be mistaken, go astray

etc., etc. ; to become confused, fail, miscarry (opp. to kḷp-)

etc. etc.: Causal mohayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist, amūmuhat-; Passive voice, mohyate-), to stupefy, bewilder, confound, perplex, cause to err or fail

etc. ; (A1.,with adhvānam-) to cause to go the wrong way

: Desiderative mumohiṣati-, mumuhiṣati-, mumukṣati- grammar : Intensive momuhyate- (

), momogdhi- and momoḍhi- (grammar), to be greatly bewildered or perplexed.

muhustanais

ind. at repeated intervals, repeatedly, constantly

mukha

n. (m. gaRa ardharcādi-; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-,or ī-). see

) the mouth, face, countenance

etc., etc.

mukhaja

mfn. being on the face (with abhinaya- m.change of countenance, play of feature)

mukhākāra

m. "form of the countenance", mien, look

mukhamaṇḍala

n. "face-orb", the face, countenance

mukhāmṛta

n. the nectar of the mouth or countenance

mukhaprasāda

m. the light of the countenance, graciousness of aspect.

mukhaprekṣa

(

) (

) mfn. observing or watching the face (to detect any one's intentions).

mukhaprekṣin

(

) mfn. observing or watching the face (to detect any one's intentions).

mukhaśrī

f. beauty of countenance, a beautiful face

muktasaṅga

mfn. free from worldly or selfish attachment, disinterested

mukuṭa

mn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) a tiara, diadem, crown (said to be crescent-shaped;the kirīt-,a being pointed, and the mauli-having three points)

etc.

mūla

n. capital (as opp. to"interest")

mūlaphala

n. the interest of capital

mūlaśākaṭa

n. a field planted with (edible) root

Va1rtt. 3

mūlaśākina

n. a field planted with (edible) root

Va1rtt. 3

muni

m. a saint, sage, seer, ascetic, monk, devotee, hermit (especially one who has taken the vow of silence)

etc. etc. (with hṛdayeṣu sthitaḥ-,the internal monitor or conscience

)

muniparamparā

f. a tradition handed down from muni- to muni-, uninterrupted tradition

murajaphala

m. Attocarpus Integrifolia

murch

or mūrch- cl.1 P. (

) mūrchati- (perfect tense mumūrcha-

etc.; Aorist amūrchīt- grammar; future mūrchitā-, mūrchiṣyati-

; ind.p., mūrtvā-

), to become solid, thicken, congeal, assume shape or substance or consistency, expand, increase, grow, become or be vehement or intense or strong

etc. ; to fill, pervade, penetrate, spread over

; to have power or take effect upon (locative case)

; to grow stiff or rigid, faint, swoon, become senseless or stupid or unconscious

etc. ; to deafen

; to cause to sound aloud

: Causal mūrchayati- (mc. also te-), to cause to thicken or coagulate (milk)

; to cause to settle into a fixed or solid form, shape

; to strengthen, rouse, excite

; to cause to sound loudly, play (a musical instrument)

mūrchāla

m. fainted, insensible

mūrchita

mfn. fainted, stupefied, insensible (n. impersonal or used impersonally)

etc. calcined, solidified (said of quicksilver)

mūrchita

mfn. intensified, augmented increased, grown, swollen (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' = filled or pervaded or mixed with)

mūrdhābhiṣikta

mfn. having the head sprinkled, anointed, consecrated

muṣ

cl.9.1. P. (

varia lectio; see 1. mūṣ-) muṣṇ/āti-, m/oṣati- (Epic also cl.6 P. muṣati-;2. sg. Imp. muṣāṇa-

; perfect tense mumoṣa-; Aorist amoṣīt-,2. sg. moṣīs-

;fut, moṣitā-, moṣiṣyati- grammar; ind.p. muṣitvā-

; m/udṣya-

; infinitive mood muṣ/e-

; moṣitum- grammar), to steal, rob, plunder, carry off (also with two accusative =take away from, deprive of)

etc. ; to ravish, captivate, enrapture (the eyes or the heart)

etc. ; to blind, dazzle (the eyes)

; to cloud, obscure (light or the intellect)

; to break, destroy

(see mus-): Passive voice , muṣyate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist amoṣi-), to be stolen or robbed

etc.: Causal , noṣayati- (Aorist amūmuṣat-) grammar : Desiderative mumuṣiṣati-

(see munuṣiṣu-): Intensive momuṣyate-, momoṣṭi-

[For kindred wordsSee under 2. m/ūṣ-,p.827.]

muṣṭika

n. (prob.) a pugilistic encounter

muṣṭiyuddha

n. a pugilistic encounter

mūtraya

Nom. P. yati- (

; Epic also A1. te-; ind.p. mūtrya-), to discharge urine, make water against (accusative)

: Intensive momūtryate-

ind. not, no, nor, neither

(nā-,

) etc. etc. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an imperative or an augmentless Aorist [ see a. mā-];in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated exempli gratia, 'for example'

;or strengthened by another particle, especially at the second place or further on in the sentence exempli gratia, 'for example' by u-[ see no-], ut/a-, api-, cāpi-, vā-, vāpi-or atha vā-

;it may even be replaced by ca-, vā-, api ca-, api vā-,etc. alone, as

;often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above especially with a following tu-, tv eva-, tv eva tu-, ced- q.v, khalu- q.v, ha-[ see gaRa cādi-and

] etc.;before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instrumental case or ablative it expresses deficiency exempli gratia, 'for example' ekayā na viṃśati-,not 20 by 1 id est 19

; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni-,395

;with another na-or an a- privative it generally forms a strong affirmation[ see

] exempli gratia, 'for example' neyaṃ na vakṣyati-,she will most certainly declare

; nādaṇḍyo 'sti-,he must certainly be punished

;it may also, like a-,form compounds

[ see below])

ṇa

m. equals nirvṛti- (invented for the etymology of kriṣṇa-,)

nad

cl.1 P. (

) n/adati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense nanāda-, nedur-, nedire-

; Aorist anādīt- grammar; future nadiṣyati-, ditā-

) to sound, thunder, roar, cry, howl etc. (also with nād/am-, śabdam-, svanam-etc.)

etc. etc.: Passive voice nadyate-

: Causal nad/ayati-, te-, to make resound or vibrate

; nādayati-, te-, to make resonant, fill with noises or cries

etc. ; Aorist anīnadat- grammar ; Passive voice nādyate-

: Desiderative ninadiṣati- grammar : Intensive 3. plural n/ānadati-, parasmE-pada n/ānadat-

; 3. sg. nānadyate-, parasmE-pada dyamāna-

to vibrate or sound violently, to roar, howl, cry, neigh etc.

nāda

m. (in the yoga-) the nasal sound represented by a semicircle and used as an abbreviation in mystical words

naddha

mfn. joined, connected, covered, wound, inlaid, interwoven (with instrumental case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

nadīkāśyapa

m. Name of a contemporary of śākya-muni-

nādin

m. of a Brahman changed into an antelope

nāga

m. (f. /ī-

) a nāga- or serpent-demon (the race of kadru- or su-rasā- inhabiting the waters or the city bhoga-vatī- under the earth;they are supposed to have a human face with serpent-like lower extremities [see especially

];their kings are śeṣa-, vāsuki-, and takṣaka-

; 7 or 8 of the nāga-s are particularly mentioned

etc.;with Buddhists they are also represented as ordinary men

)

nāgadatta

m. of a king of āryāvarta-, contemporary of samudra-gupta-

nagarakāka

m. "a town-crow", a term of contempt

nāgārūḍha

mfn. mounted or riding upon an elephant

nāgasena

m. of a king of āryā-varta- and contemporary of samudra-gupta-

nah

cl.4 P. A1. (

) n/ahyati-, te- (Potential -nahet-

; nahyur-

; parasmE-pada A1. n/ahyamāna-[also with pass. meaning]

etc.; perfect tense nanāha-, nehe-; future natsyati-, naddhā-

[ confer, compare

]; Aorist, anātsīt-,

; anaddha-

; ind.p. naddhvā- grammar; -n/ahya-

etc.; infinitive mood -naddhum-

) to bind, tie, fasten, bind on or round or together ; (A1.) to put on (as armour etc.), arm one's self.

etc. etc.: Passive voice nahyate-, parasmE-pada hyamāna- (See above) : Causal nāhayati- (Aorist anīnahat- grammar) to cause to bind together

: Desiderative ninatsati-, te- grammar : Intensive nānahyate-, nānaddhi-.

[Prob. for nagh-; confer, compare Latin nectere, German Nestel(?).]

naigama

mf(ī-)n. relating to the veda- or Vedic words or quotations (a N. given to the collection of 278 separate words occurring in the nigama- or veda- and commented on by yāska-;they are arranged in one chapter of three sections), Vedic

naigama

m. an interpreter of the sacred writings

naighaṇṭuka

n. Name of the 3 chapters or collections of Vedic words commented upon by yāska-

naimitta

m. an interpreter of prognostics, fortune-teller

(also ttaka-

)

nairākāṅkṣya

n. absence of need of supplying a word or sentence

nairantarya

n. uninterruptedness, close succession, continuousness, compactness

( nairantaryeṇa yeṇa- ind.uninterruptedly, continually

)

nairhasta

mfn. (a weapon) intended for handless demons

nairvāṇikamārgāvataraṇa

n. entering the path of nirvāṇa- (one of the 4 vaiśāradyani-or subjects of confidence of a buddha-)

naiṣāda

m. a hunter or bird-catcher

naiṣkāmya

n. suppression of desire, profound contemplation

naivedya

n. an offering of eatables presented to a deity or idol

(cf

)

naiyaṅkava

mfn. (fr. ny-aṅku-) belonging to or coming from the antelope called nyaṅku-

naj

cl.6 A1. najate-, to be ashamed (varia lectio for lajj-

;probably invented to explain nagna-).

nakhalekhaka

m. nail-painter

nalinī

f. the fermented and intoxicating juice of the cocoa-nut

naliptāṅga

mfn. whose body is not anointed

(Bombay edition)

nam

cl.1 P. n/amati- (

), te- (mostly intrans.; confer, compare

; pr. p. A1. namāna-

; perfect tense P. nānāma-

etc.;2. sg. nemitha-,or nanantha-

; subjunctive nan/amas-

;3. plural nemur-

; A1. neme-

;3. plural -nanamire-

; Aorist P. anān-

; anaṃsīt-

; A1. anaṃsta- grammar;3. plural anaṃsata-

; subjunctive naṃsai-, naṃsante-

; future naṃsyati-

; namiṣyati-

; nantā-

; infinitive mood -n/amam-, -n/ame-

; nantum-, namitum-

; ind.p. natvā-

; -natya-

; -namya-

) to bend or bow (either trans. or oftener intr.) to bow to, subject or submit, one's self (with genitive case dative case or accusative)

etc. ; (with hiruk-) to turn away, keep aside

; to turn towards id est to aim at (genitive case) with (instrumental case)

; to yield or give way, keep quiet or be silent

; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral

: Passive voice namyate-, to be bent or bowed ; yield or submit to

: Causal nam/ayati-

etc. (nāmayati-

etc.; nāmyati-[!]

; Aorist anīnamat-

; Passive voice nāmyate-, ti-

etc.) to cause to bow or sink, incline

etc. ; (with cāpam-) to bend a bow

etc. ; to turn away or ward off

; to aim at (genitive case),

; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral

: Desiderative ninaṃsati-,

: Intensive n/annamīti-

; nannamyate-

(3. sg. n/amnate- imperfect tense anamnata-, parasmE-pada n/amamāna-

) to bow or submit one's self to (dative case).

[ confer, compare Zend nam,nemaiti; Greek , ; Latin nemus; Gothic , Old Saxon , Anglo-Saxon niman; HGerm. ne0man,ne0men,nehmen.]

nāma

ind. after an interr. = then, pray exempli gratia, 'for example' kiṃ n-, kathaṃ n-, kadā- nevertheless, what then? pray, what? etc.

etc.

nāma

ind. api n- at the beginning of a sentence = perhaps, I dare say, exempli gratia, 'for example' apy eṣa nāma phalam icchati-, this man wants perhaps a reward

nānardamāna

mfn. ( nard-, Intensive) sounding loudly, roaring lustily

nānārtha

mfn. containing some other sense (as a new sentence)

nand

cl.1 P. (

) n/andati-, Epic also te- (perfect tense nananda-

; future nandiṣyate-

, diṣyati-and ditā- grammar; Aorist anandīt-; infinitive mood nanditum-

) to rejoice, delight, to be pleased or satisfied with, be glad of (instrumental case,rarely ablative)

etc. etc.: Passive voice nandyate-

etc.: Causal nandayati-, te- Aorist ananandat-, to make glad, gladden

etc.: Desiderative ninandiṣati- grammar : Intensive nānandyate-

nandikeśvarakārikā

f. Name of a mystic. interpretation of the śiva-sūtra-s

nandikeśvarakāśikā

f. Name of a mystic. interpretation of the śiva-sūtra-s

nandikṣetra

n. a district frequented by gods

nannamyamāna

mfn. (fr. the Intensive) bending or bowing very low

nanu

ind. (2. n/a-+ nu-) not, not at all, never

; (interr.) not? is it not? = nonne

etc. etc. (hence often =) certainly, surely, indeed, no doubt (especially in questions amounting to an affirmation exempli gratia, 'for example' nanv ahaṃ te priyaḥ-,am I not your friend id est certainly I am your friend

[so also na ca-,there can be no doubt

],or to a request exempli gratia, 'for example' nanu gacchāmi- bhoḥ-,surely I may go

, and even as a responsive particle exempli gratia, 'for example' akārṣīḥ kaṭamnanu karomi bhoḥ-,indeed I have made it

;with another interr. or an imperative = pray, please exempli gratia, 'for example' nanu ko bhavān-,pray who are you?

; nanūcyatām-,please tell

;in argument often as an inceptive particle implying doubt or objection,"now it may be said, well, but then"etc., especially in nanv astu-,or nanu mā bhūt-tathāpi-,well, be it so or not so-nevertheless)

nāra

m. (plural) water (also sg. n.andf(ā-).

)

(prob. invented to explain nārāyaṇa-)

narasaṃsarga

m. intercourse of men, human society

nārīkelī

f. the cocoa-nut or a fermented liquor made from the milk of it

narmasācivya

n. superintendence of a prince's amusement

naś

cl.4 P. (

) n/aśyati- (rarely te-and cl.1.P. n/aśati-, te-; perfect tense nanāśa-,3. plural neśur-; Aorist anaśat-

etc.; aneśat-, n/eśat-

[ confer, compare

]; future naśiṣyati-

; naṅkṣyati-, te-[cond. anaṅkṣyata-]

; naśitā-

; naṃṣṭā-

; naṅgdhā-

; infinitive mood naśitum-, naṃṣum- grammar; ind.p. naśitvā-, naṣṭva-, naṃṣṭvā-

) to be lost, perish, disappear, be gone, run away

etc. ; to come to nothing, be frustrated or unsuccessful

etc.: Causal nāś/ayati-, Epic also te- (Aorist -anīnaśat-; dative case infinitive mood -nāśayadhyai-

) to cause to be lost or disappear, drive away, expel, remove, destroy, efface

etc. ; to lose (also from memory), give up

; to violate, deflower (a girl)

; to extinguish (a fire)

; to disappear (in mā- nīnaśah-and naśuḥ-)

: Desiderative ninaśiṣati- or ninaṅkṣati-

(confer, compare ninaṅkṣu-) ; Desiderative of Causal nināśayiṣati-, to wish to destroy

: Intensive nānaśyate- or nānaṃṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin nex,nocere]) .

nāśitasaṃgraha

m. intercourse with an outcast

naṣṭaceṣṭa

mf(ā-)n. one who his lost the power of motion, rigid, fainted, insensible

naṣṭakāryārtha

mfn. one who has lost interest in what is to be done

(Bombay edition)

nataparvan

mfn. (arrow) flat-jointed, smooth

(read adhunā nata-).

nātitīvra

mfn. not too violent or intense, moderate

navakarmika

mfn. superintendent of the construction of an edifice

navanītadhenu

f. a quantity of butter presented to Brahmans (see under dhenu-)

navata

m. an elephant's painted or variegated housings

ned

ind. in order that not, lest (with subjunctive Potential or imperative;the verb accented confer, compare

)

[ confer, compare Zend noid,"not."]

nema

mfn. n/ema-n/ema-, the one-the other

nenya

mfn. (Intensive of nī-) taking or obtaining frequently (?)

neyārtha

mfn. (a word or sentence) having a sense that can only be guessed

neyārthaka

mfn. (a word or sentence) having a sense that can only be guessed

nī

(for 1.See) cl.1 P. A1. (

) nayati- te- (perfect tense P. nināya-,2. sg. ninetha-

plural nīnima-

; subjunctive ninīth/as- Potential ninīyāt-

; imperative ninetu-

; A1. ninye-

etc.; -nayām āsa-

; -nayāṃ cakre-

; Aorist P.3. dual number anītām- subjunctive n/eṣi-, neth/ā-

; anaiṣīt- subjunctive neṣati-, ṣat-,3. plural A1. aneṣata-

; anayīt-

; future neṣyati-

; te-

; nayiṣyati-, te-

; n/etā-, nayitā-

; ind.p. nītvā-

etc.; nayitvā-

; n/īya-

etc.; infinitive mood neṣ/aṇi-

; n/etavai-, tos-and nayitum-

; n/etum-

etc.), to lead, guide, conduct, direct, govern (also with agram-and genitive case; see agra-ṇī-)

etc. ; to lead etc. towards or to (accusative with or without prati- dative case, locative case or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

; to lead or keep away, exclude from (ablative)

; (A1.) to carry off for one's self (as a victor, owner etc.)

; (A1.,rarely P.) to lead home id est marry

; to bring into any state or condition (with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' with vaśam-,to bring into subjection, subdue[A1.

; P.

];with śūdra-tām-,to reduce to a śūdra-

;with sākṣyam-[A1.],to admit as a witness,

;with vyāghra-tām-,to change into a tiger

;with vikrayam-,to sell

;with paritoṣam-,to satisfy

;with duḥkham-,to pain

;rarely, with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' duhitṛ-tve-,to make a person one's daughter

;or with an adverb in -sāt- exempli gratia, 'for example' bhasmasāt-to reduce to ashes

) ; to draw (a line etc.)

; to pass or spend (time)

etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to bear the rod id est inflict punishment

(with vyavahāram-) to conduct a process

; (with kriyām-) to conduct a ceremony, preside over a religious act

; to trace, track, find out, ascertain, settle, decide (with anyathā-,"wrongly")

etc. ; (A1.) to be foremost or chief

: Causal nāyayati-, te-, to cause to lead etc. ; to cause to be led by (instrumental case)

(see

Va1rtt. 5

) : Desiderative n/inīṣati-, te- (

, w. r. nineṣati-), to wish to lead or bring or carry to or into (accusative or dative case)

etc. ; to wish to carry away

; to wish to spend or pass (time)

; to wish to exclude from (ablative)

; to wish to find out or ascertain, investigate

: Intensive nenīy/ate- to lead as a captive, have in one's power, rule, govern

nī

P. ny-eti- (3. plural ni-yanti-; parasmE-pada -yat-; imperfect tense ny-āyan- ind.p. nītya-), to go into (see nyāya-), enter, come or fall into, incur (accusative)

; to undergo the nature of id est to be changed into (bhāvam-)

nibanddhṛ

m. binder, fastener, author, composer

(printed nibaddhṛ-).

nibandha

m. attachment to, intentness on

nibhṛta

mfn. fixed or intent upon (compound)

nibiḍa

mf(ā-)n. or ni-viḍa- (prob. fr. biḍa- equals bila-,a hole; see ni-khila-) without spaces or interstices, close, compact, thick, dense, firm

etc. full of abounding in (instrumental case or compound)

(varia lectio for ni-cita-)

nīcairmukha

mfn. with downcast countenance

nical

Intensive calcalīti-, to stir, quiver

nicekāya

m. (fr. intens.) continual or repeated piling up

nid

f. mocking, ridiculing, contempt

nidā

f. blame, contempt

nīḍa

mn. the interior or seat of a carriage

etc.; place, spot (= sthāna-)

[ confer, compare Latin ni1dus; German Nest; English nest.]

nīḍagarbha

m. the interior of nest

nidāgha

m. internal heat,

nidarśayitavya

mfn. to be pointed out or put forth or shown

nidarśita

mfn. shown, presented, offered (as a seat)

nidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put or lay down, deposit, lay up, preserve (A1.for one's self) ; to intrust, commit, present to (dative case or locative case) ; put into, fix in (locative case,or locative case with ant/ar-,or antar- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

etc. ; put or lay before a person (dative case)

; (with bhūmau-[

]or avaṭe-[

]) to bury ; (with śirasi-,rarely sā-) to esteem highly

; (with dṛśam-) to fix the eyes upon (locative case)

; (with manas-) to fix or direct the thoughts upon or towards id est resolve, determine to (dative case)

; (with manasi-, sā-,or hṛdaye-) to keep in mind, bear in mind, remember, lay to heart

; (with hṛdayam-) to give one's heart to (locative case) ; (with ātmānam-) to intrust one's self to (locative case)

; (with kriyām-) to take pains with (locative case)

; (with karmaṇi-) to appoint a person to a work

; to keep down, restrain

; to end, close

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be put or laid down etc. ; to be contained or situated or absorbed in, to rest in (locative case)

etc. etc.: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to be put or laid down etc.

; to cause to be deposited or preserved

; to lay up, preserve

; to appoint

: Desiderative -dhitsate-, to intend to put down etc.

: Intensive n/idedhyat- (?) , to settle down

nidhāpya

ind. (fr. Causal) having caused to be placed or fixed in, having installed or appointed

nidhuvana

n. sexual intercourse

nididrāsu

(fr. Desiderative) wishing to sleep, sleepy

(printed vinidr-).

nigā

(Aorist ny-agāt-, ni-gām-), to enter, come or get into, attach one's self to (accusative)

nigad

P. -gadati-, (Aorist ny-agadīt-

), to recite, proclaim, announce, declare, tell, speak

etc. ; to speak to, address (accusative), to say anything (accusative) to (accusative)

; to enumerate, cite, quote

; to call (especially Passive voice -gadyate-,to be called or named)

etc.: Causal -gādayati-, to cause to recite

: Intensive -jāgadyate-, (with pass. meaning) to assert firmly or repeatedly

nigal

Intensive -galgalīti-, to emit moisture

nigam

P. -gacchati- (often wrong reading -yacchati-), to settle down upon or near (accusative or locative case)

; inire feminam

; to enter, resort to, undergo, incur, become (with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' śāntim-,to become pacified

) ; to enter id est be inserted

(see ni-gama-below) ; to acquire knowledge

: Causal gamayati-, to cause to enter, insert

; to conclude, sum up

nigha

m. (also) a pointed instrument for boring holes in jewels etc.,

nigṝ

P. -girati-, or -gilati-

(-griṇāti-

; Aorist -gārīt-

; future -gariṣyati-

; infinitive mood -giritum-

) ; to swallow, ingurgitate, devour

etc. ; to swallow id est totally appropriate

: Passive voice -gīyate-, parasmE-pada yamāṇa- (with act. meaning) -gārayati- or -gālayati- '>

(see ni-- gal-above) ; Passive voice -gāryate- or -gālyate-

Intensive jegilyate-,

nihan

P. -hanti- (imperative -jahi-

; parasmE-pada -ghn/a-

etc.; 3- sg. A1. -jighnate-

; parasmE-pada jighnamāna-

; perfect tense -jaghāna-

etc.;3. plural -jaghnur-, nire-

; future -haniṣyati-, te-, -haṃsyati-

; parasmE-pada -haniṣy/at-

; ind.p. -hatya-

[ see a-nihatya-]; infinitive mood -hantave-

; -hantum-

), to strike or fix in, hurl in or upon or against (locative case)

etc. ; to make an attempt upon, attack, assail (accusative locative case or genitive case)

; to strike or hew down (also -mow

), kill, overwhelm, destroy

etc. etc. (also applied to planets

) ; to hit, touch (literally and figuratively)

; to beat (a drum)

; to punish, visit, afflict

; to attach to (Passive voice -hanyate-,to be fixed upon, with locative case)

; to drop, lower, let sink (hands, wings etc.)

; to speak with the unaccented tone id est with the anudātta-

; (in arithmetic) to multiply

commentator or commentary Causal See ni-ghāta-, taya-.

nihata

mfn. having the unaccented tone or anudātta- ( nihatatva -tva- n.)

niḥsaṅga

mfn. free from worldly attachment, unselfish, disinterested

etc.

niḥsaṅgam

ind. without interest, without reflection, at random

(for śaṅkam-?)

niḥsaṅgena

ind. without interest, without reflection, at random

(for śaṅkam-?)

niḥśuc

Intensive A1. -śośucanta-, to shine forth

nij

cl.2 A1. niṅkte-

; cl.3 P.A1. nenekti-, nenikte- (Intensive ?; confer, compare below)

(from the present tense stem only 2 plural imperative ninikta-

, parasmE-pada nijān/a-

, nije- equals ninije-

; perfect tense nineja-, ninije- grammar; future, nekṣyati-, nektā-

; Aorist anijam-, jan-

; anaikṣīt-, nikṣi-

; ind.p. niktv/ā-

; -nijya-

; dative case infinitive mood -nije-.

), to wash, cleanse, purify (A1.one's self)

etc. ; to nourish

: Passive voice nijyate-, to be washed etc.

: Causal nejayati-

; Aorist anīnijat- grammar : Desiderative ninikṣati- grammar : Intensive n/enekti-, nenikt/e- (confer, compare above; Potential neniyāt-

; nenijīsti-, nenijyate- grammar), to wash (one's self). [ confer, compare Greek for; Anglo-Saxon nicor; German Nix,Nixe.]

nijalābhapūrṇa

mfn. engrossed in self-interest, self-satisfied

nikāma

ind. in the beginning of a compound , = (am-) according to wish or desire, to one's heart's content, abundantly, excessively

etc. (see yadā-nik/āmam-)

nīkāra

m. (1. kṝ-) disrespect, contempt, degradation

nikhānita

mfn. infixed, implanted

nikram

P. -krāmati-, (Aorist nyakramīt-), to put down the feet, tread down (accusative)

; to enter (locative case)

nikṛtiprajña

mfn. versed in dishonesty, well acquainted with vice

(see ta-pr-)

nikṣipta

mfn. appointed, installed

nīl

cl.1 P. (

) nīlati-, to be dark, dye dark

(either Nom.fr. next or invented to explain it) .

nīlabuhnā

f. Convolvulus Argenteus

nīlapuṣpī

f. Convolvulus Argenteus

nilīna

mfn. quite intent upon or devoted to (locative case)

(varia lectio vil-)

nimagna

mfn. (with para-lokāya-) entered into the other world

nimagnaka

mfn. sinking or entering deep into the flesh

nimajjana

mf(ī-)n. causing a person (genitive case) to enter or plunge into (water etc.)

nimajjathu

m. the act of diving or entering into, plunging

nimantr

A1. -mantrayate- (ti-), to invite, summon, call to (locative case or infin.)

etc. ; to invite or entertain with (instrumental case) or offer anything to (accusative)

nimih

P. -mehati- (Intensive -m/emihat-), to pour down urine, moisten with urine, wet

also pr parasmE-pada - m/eghamāna-

nimiṣāntara

n. the interval of a moment

nimittajña

mfn. acquainted with omens

ninī

P. A1. -nayati-, te- (subjunctive Aorist -neṣat-), to lead to, carry or bring towards (dative case or locative case), bring or cause to (dative case infinitive mood)

etc. ; to incline, bend

; to pour down, pour out or in

etc. ; to cause to enter

; to offer as a sacrifice

; to carry out, accomplish, perform

; to spend (time)

niṇya

mfn. (fr. ni-; see ni-ṇ/ik-) interior, hidden, concealed, mysterious

nipaka

mfn. intelligent, wise (see pāli-)

nipat

P. -patati- (Epic also te-), to fly down, settle down, descend on (locative case), alight

etc. ; to rush upon, attack, assail (accusative or locative case)

; to fall down, fall upon or into (literally and figuratively,with upari-, accusative or locative case;with pādayoḥ-,to throw one's self at a person's [gen.] feet

) ; to fall into ruin or decay, be lost

etc. ; to be miscarried (as the fetus)

; to befall, happen, take place, occur, fall to the share of (locative case)

etc. ; to enter, be inserted, get a place

: Causal -pātayati- (Aorist -apīpatat-

), to cause to fall down, or on (locative case), throw down, fell, kill, destroy

etc. ; to spit out

; to inlay, emboss

; to fix (the teeth) in (locative case)

; to direct (the eyes) towards (locative case)

; to impute (a fault) to (genitive case)

; to raise (taxes) from (ablative)

; (in gram.) to put down as a special or irregular form, consider as anomalous or irregular.

nipāta

m. a particle (all adverbs including conjunctions and interjections)

nipīḍayat

mf(antī-)n. (dantān-. dantaiḥ-) gnashing the teeth

nipṝ

P. -pṛṇāti- (Potential -pṛṇuyāt-

), to put down, pour out, offer (especially to deceased relatives)

etc.: Intensive -popūryate-

nirābādham

ind. (incontestably

) not disturbing, not molesting, harmless, guileless

nirabhyaṅga

mfn. unanointed, not rubbed in

niradhiṣṭhāna

mfn. having no resting-place or basis, supportless, untenable

nirākartṛ

mfn. contemner, despiser (especially of the veda- and religion)

nirākṛti

f. (for 1.See) , obstruction, impediment, interruption

nirākula

mfn. not too much beset, little frequented

niralaṃkāra

mfn. unornamented

(Bombay edition), Sch,

nirāmaya

mfn. untainted, pure

nīrandhra

mf(ā-)n. having no holes or openings, imperforate, close, thick, dense, uninterrupted

nīrandhrita

mfn. uninterrupted

nirañjana

mf(ā-)n. unpainted, spotless, pure, simple

etc.

nirantara

mf(ā-)n. having no interval (in space or time), close, compact, dense, uninterrupted, perpetual, constant ( nirantaratā -tā- f.)

etc.

nirantarāla

mfn. without an intervening space, close, narrow

nirapekṣa

mf(ā-)n. desireless, careless, indifferent, disinterested

etc. (also -ka-

)

nirārambha

mfn. not undertaking enterprises, abstaining from all work

nirāsrava

mfn. sinless

(printed śrava-).

nirāstha

mf(ā-)n. not interested in anything, not intent upon (compound)

nirata

mfn. pleased, satisfied, delighting in, attached or devoted to, quite intent upon, deeply engaged in or occupied with (locative case instrumental case or compound)

nirbandhapara

mf(ā-)n. intent upon, desirous of (compound)

nirbhaj

P. A1. -bhajati-, te- (2. sg. Aorist subjunctive -bhāk-), to exclude from participation or coparceny with (ablative), to content or satisfy with (instrumental case)

: Causal -bhājayati-, (in law) to exclude from sharing in, disinherit. 2.

nirbhāsa

m. appearance

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-). equals nibha-,similar, like

, printed bhāṣa-).

nirbheda

mf(ā-)n. uninterrupted

nirbrū

P. -bravīti-, to speak out, pronounce (loud or clearly)

; to interpret, explain

nirdeśanīya

(

) mfn. to be pointed out or determined or described or proclaimed or foretold.

nirdeśya

(

) mfn. to be pointed out or determined or described or proclaimed or foretold.

nirdhana

mfn. (an enterprise) undertaken without money

nirdhūta

mfn. harassed, tormented

nirdigdha

mfn. ( dih-) anointed, smeared

nirdiṣṭa

mfn. pointed out, shown, indicated, declared, announced, foretold, enjoined

etc.

nirdiṣṭa

mfn. ordered, meant or determined for, appointed to (dative case)

nirdvaṃdva

mfn. not contested, indisputed

nirgam

P. -gacchati- (subjunctive -gamāṇi- perfect tense parasmE-pada -jaganvān-

; ind.p. -gatya-

etc., -gamya-

), to go out, come forth (often with bahis-), depart from (ablative), set out, start

etc. ; to come out or appear (as a bud)

; to go away, disappear

; to enter into any state, undergo (accusative)

; (with nidrām-) to fall asleep

: Causal -gamayati-, to cause or order to set out

: Desiderative -jigamiṣate-, to wish to set out

nirhima

n. (or nirhimam am- ind.) cessation of winter

nirhṛ

P. A1. -harati-, te-, to take out or off, draw or pull out, extract from (ablative), expel, remove, destroy

etc. ; to export (goods)

; to carry out (a dead body)

; to let (blood)

; to purge

; (A1.) to exclude or deliver from (ablative)

; to shake off, get rid of (accusative)

etc. ; to change or interchange (clothes)

; to fix

; to get, receive

: Causal -hārayati-, to cause (a dead body) to be carried out

: Desiderative -jihīrṣati-, to wish to take off or subtract

(see nir-jihīrṣu-).

nirjanavana

n. a lonely or unfrequented forest

nirjita

mfn. claimed id est due (as interest on money)

nirjuṣṭa

mfn. ( juṣ-) frequented, inhabited

nirmādhyastha

n. absence of impartiality, interest, sympathy

(Bombay edition)

nirmama

mf(ā-)n. unselfish, disinterested, (especially) free from all worldly connections

etc.

nirmanyu

m. Name of a hunter

nirmitarāga

mfn. painted,

nirṇaya

m. (in law) sentence, verdict (see -pāda-below)

nirṇayapāda

m. the fourth (and last) part of a lawsuit, sentence, decree, verdict

nirnimitta

mfn. having no egoistic motive, disinterested

niruddhaśamavṛtti

mfn. "whose state of repose is interrupted", wearied, tired

nirūḍhalakṣaṇā

f. (in rhetoric) the secondary use of a word which is based not on the particular intention of the speaker but on its accepted and popular usage.

nirūha

m. a complete sentence, one having no ellipsis

nirukta

mfn. interpreted id est become manifest, fulfilled, accomplished (as a word)

nirukta

n. explanation or etymological interpretation of a word

nirukti

f. etymological interpretation of a word

nirūpita

mfn. appointed, elected, chosen

nirūpita

mfn. pointed against, shot off

nirvac

(Aorist -avocat-

;but mostly used in Passive voice -ucyate-, -ucyamāna-; see nir-ukta-), to speak out, express clearly or distinctly, declare, interpret, explain

etc. ; to derive from (ablative)

; to order off, warn off, drive away, tell any one to go away from (ablative)

nirvacana

n. interpretation, explanation, etymology

nirvaira

m. Name of a hunter

nirvaktavya

mfn. to be interpreted or explained

nirvarṇ

P. -varṇayati- (ind.p. -varṇya-), to look at, contemplate

etc. ; to describe, depict, represent

nirveśa

m. entering, attaining, enjoying

nirveṣṭavya

mfn. to be entered into

nirvighna

mf(ā-)n. uninterrupted, unhindered

nirviś

P. -viśati- (infinitive mood -veṣṭum-), to enter into (accusative or locative case) ; (especially) to settle in a home, become a householder (also with gṛheṣu-) ; to marry

; to pay, render, offer (bhartṛpiṇḍam-)

; to enjoy, delight in (accusative)

etc. ; to go out or forth

; to embellish

; to reward

nirviṣṭa

mfn. entered, sticking in (locative case or compound)

nirvivāda

mfn. having no context, agreeing

nirvivāda

mfn. incontestable

nirvivikṣat

mfn. (fr. Desiderative of nir-viś-) wishing to enter a common dwelling

nirvyāghra

mfn. not haunted or infested by tigers

niṣāda

m. Name of a wild non-Aryan tribe in India (described as hunters, fishermen, robbers etc.)

etc.

niścaya

m. resolution, resolve fixed intention, design, purpose, aim (yaṃ-kṛ-,to resolve upon, determine to [dat. locative case or inf])

etc.

niśchidra

mfn. having no rents or holes, without weak points or defects, unhurt, uninterrupted

niṣev

( sev-) A1. -ṣevate- (imperfect tense ny-aṣevata- perfect tense ni-ṣiṣeve-

; ind.p. -ṣevya-), to stay in, abide or have intercourse with (locative case)

; (with accusative) to frequent, inhabit, visit, serve, attend, honour, worship, follow, approach, enjoy (also sexually), incur, pursue, practise, perform, cultivate, use, employ

etc.: Causal -ṣevayati- to fall into (hell etc.)

(Bombay edition)

; Desiderative -ṣiṣeviṣate-

niṣevita

mfn. visited, frequented, occupied, held, practised, observed, approached resorted to, attended, served, honoured, obeyed

niṣevya

mfn. to be frequented or enjoyed

niṣic

( sic-) P. -ṣiñcati- (imperfect tense ny-aṣiñcat- perfect tense ni-ṣiṣeca-; see

), to sprinkle down, pour upon or into, infuse, instil, irrigate

etc. ; to dip into

: Causal -ṣecayati- to irrigate, wet, moisten

: Intensive -sesicyate-

niṣiddha

mfn. warded off, kept back, restrained, checked, prevented from, forbidden to (infinitive mood)

etc.

niśita

mfn. prepared, presented

niśitāṅkuśa

mn. a sharp or pointed hook

niṣkāma

mfn. (n/iṣ--) desireless, disinterested, unselfish

etc.

niṣkāmacārin

mfn. acting without interest or selfishness

niṣkāraṇa

mf(ā-)n. disinterested (as a friend)

niṣkāsita

mfn. placed over, appointed

niṣkrama

m. intellectual faculty

niṣpauruṣa

mfn. devoid of manhood, unmanly

(printed niḥ-p-)

niṣpiṣ

P. -pinaṣṭi- (Potential -piṣeyam-

; perfect tense -pipeṣa-

; ind.p. -piṣya-

; -peṣam-

), to stamp or beat (linen with stones in washing)

(infinitive mood n/iṣpeṣṭav/ai-) ; to pound, crush, rub, grind (sva-caraṇau-,to stamp one's feet; karaṃ kareṇa-,to rub the hands together; dantair dantān-or dantān danteṣu-,to gnash the teeth)

etc.: Causal -peṣayati-, to crush, destroy

(varia lectio niḥśeṣ-).

niṣpratīkāra

mfn. equals -pratikriya-, unobstructed, uninterrupted

nisṛṣṭa

mfn. kindled (as fire)

intrusted, committed, transferred, granted, bestowed

nisṛṣṭavat

mfn. one who has granted or bestowed

niṣṭha

mfn. intent on, devoted to

(see dharma--, satya--)

niṣṭhā

f. decisive sentence, judgement

nīta

mfn. entered, gone or come to (mṛtyorantikam-)

nītivartani

f. the path of prudence or wisdom

(printed tinī-).

nitośana

mfn. sprinkling, distributing, granter of (genitive case)

nitya

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' constantly dwelling or engaged in, intent upon, devoted or used to (see tapo-n-, dharma-n-, dhyāna-n-, śastra-n-)

etc.

nityajvara

m. uninterrupted fever

nityaśaṅkin

m. "always afraid", a deer, antelope,

nityavitrasta

m. "always scared", Name of an antelope

nityayukta

mfn. always busy or intent upon (locative case)

nivara

m. covering, protection or a protector

(

"a preventer, obstructer")

nivāraṇīya

mfn. to be kept off or defended or prevented etc.

nivārita

mfn. kept off, hindered, forbidden, prevented

nivartana

n. ceasing, not happening or occurring, being prevented

etc.

nivartanīya

mfn. to be prevented or hindered

nivartita

mfn. turned or brought back, averted, prevented, given up, abandoned, suppressed, removed

nivedita

mfn. made known, announced, told, represented, entrusted, presented, given

nivedya

mfn. to be communicated or related or presented or delivered

niveśa

m. (the initial n-not subject to cerebralisation gaRa kṣubhnādi-) entering, settling in a place, encamping, halting

etc.

niveśana

mf(ī-)n. entering (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

niveśana

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) entering, entrance into (compound)

niveśanīya

mfn. to be entered or fixed or raised

niveśita

mfn. made to enter, placed in or upon, turned to, fixed or intent upon, engaged in etc.

nivī

(Intensive -veveti-), to force a way into, rush among (locative case)

nivid

f. Name of particular sentences or short formularies inserted in a liturgy and containing epithets or short invocations of the gods

etc.

niviś

A1. -viśate- (rarely P. ti-; see

; Aorist -aviśran-, -avikṣata-

; perfect tense -viviśre-

), to enter or penetrate into (accusative or locative case) ; to alight, descend ; to come to rest, settle down or in a home

etc. ; to encamp

; to sit down upon (locative case)

; to resort to (accusative)

; to settle, take a wife

; to be founded (said of a town)

; to be fixed or intent on (locative case,said of the mind)

; to sink down, cease, disappear, vanish

: Causal -veśayati-, to bring to rest

; to cause to enter, introduce ; to cause to sit or lie or settle down on (locative case)

etc. ; to cause (a man) to marry

; to draw up or encamp (an army)

; to build, erect, found, populate (a house, temple, town etc.)

etc. ; to lead or bring or put or transfer, to bestow on (locative case)

; to throw or hurl upon, shoot at (locative case)

; to fix in, fasten to (locative case), put on (clothes), appoint to (an office), turn or direct towards (mind, eye etc.)

etc. ; to inscribe (paṭṭe-)

; to write down (nāma sva-haste-)

; to paint (citre-)

; to call to mind, impress (manasi-, hṛdaye-etc.)

: Desiderative -vivikṣate-

niviṣṭa

mfn. placed, located, appointed (guardians)

niviṣṭa

mfn. entered, penetrated into (also with antar-), lying or resting or sticking or staying in (locative case or compound)

etc.

niviṣṭa

mfn. turned to, intent upon (locative case or compound)

etc.

niviṣṭacakra

mf(ā-)n. one who has entered anybody's domain

nivṛt

A1. -vartate- (ind.p. -vṛtya-

;infin. -vartitum-

;rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -vartet-

; imperfect tense or subj. -vartat-

; perfect tense -vāvṛtur-

; future -vartiṣyati-

; -vartsyan-

; Aorist -avṛtat-

), to turn back, stop (trans. and intrans.)

etc. ; to return from (ablative) to (accusative with or without prati-,or dative case) ; to return into life, revive, be born again

etc. ; to turn away, retreat, flee, escape, abstain or desist from, get rid of (ablative)

; to fall back, rebound

; to leave off (sāmi-,in the midst or when anything is half finished

), cease, end, disappear, vanish

etc. ; to be withheld from, not belong to (ablative) ; to be omitted, not to occur

; to be ineffective or useless

; to be wanting, not to exist (yato vāco nivartante-,for which there are no words)

; to pass over to (locative case)

; to be turned upon (locative case or tatra-)

: Causal -vartayati-, te- (A1. Potential -vartayīta-

; Passive voice -vartyate-

), to turn downwards, let sink (the head)

; to turn back id est shorten (the hair)

; to lead or bring back, reconduct, return

etc. ; to turn away, avert or keep back from (ablative)

etc. ; to give up, abandon, suppress, withhold, refuse, deny ; to annul, remove, destroy

; to bring to an end id est perform, accomplish (a sacrifice etc.)

; to procure, bestow

; to desist from (ablative)

niyoga

m. injunction, order, command ( niyogāt gāt- ind.,or niyogena gena- ind.by order of, in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), commission, charge, appointed task or duty, business (especially the appointing a brother or any near kinsman to raise up issue to a deceased husband by marrying his widow)

etc.

niyogin

mfn. appointed, employed

niyojayitavya

mfn. to be appointed or directed to (locative case)

niyojita

mfn. appointed, authorized

niyojya

mfn. to be appointed or employed or directed or commanded

etc.

niyoktavya

mfn. to be appointed or authorized or charged or intrusted with (locative case)

etc.

niyu

P. A1. -yauti-, or -yuv/ati-, te-, (1. sg. A1. -yuve-; imperative 2. dual number P. -yuyotam-; ind.p. -yūya-), to bind on, fasten

; to bring near, procure, bestow

; Intensive 3. sg. -yoyuve-

niyujya

ind. having joined or attached or harnessed or appointed etc.

niyukta

mfn. appointed, directed, ordered, commissioned, charged, intrusted (locative case; dative case; artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; infinitive mood or compound)

etc.

niyuktaka

mfn. appointed, elected, placed in authority

nonuva

mfn. (4. nu-, Intensive) sounding, resounding

(sadā-n-).

nṛt

cl.4 P. (

) n/ṛtyati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense nanarta-, nanṛtur-

; Aorist anartiṣur-

; -nṛtur-[ see ā-nṛt-]; parasmE-pada nṛt/amāna-[?]

; future nartiṣyati-

etc.; nartsyati-and nartitā- grammar; infinitive mood nartitum-and narttum-

etc.; ind.p. nartitvā-

, -nartam-

), to dance

etc. etc. ; to act on the stage, represent (accusative)

etc. ; to dance about (accusative)

: Causal nart/ayati-, te-, to cause to dance

etc. etc.: Desiderative ninṛtsati- and ninartiṣati-

: Intensive narīnartti-

; narīnṛtyate-, ti-

; narnartti-, narnṛtīti-, narīnṛtīti- grammar , to dance about or cause to dance about (see naṭ-).

or nū- cl.2.6. P. (

) nauti-, nuvati-, (present tense also n/avate-, ti-

etc.; parasmE-pada P. nuv/at-, n/avat- A1. n/avamāna-

; perfect tense nunāva-

; Aorist /anūnot-, /anūṣi-, ṣata-, anaviṣṭa-

; anauṣit-, anāvit-, anuvīt- grammar; future naviṣyati-, nuv-; navitā-, nuv-

; ind.p. -nutya-, -nāvam-

; infinitive mood lavitum- varia lectio nuv-

), to sound, shout, exult ; praise, commend

etc. etc.: Passive voice nūyate-

etc.: Causal nāvayati- Aorist anūnavat- grammar : Desiderative nunūṣati-

; Desiderative of Causal nunāvayiṣati-

: Intensive n/onavīti-, nonumas- (imperfect tense anonavur- subjunctive n/avīnot-; perfect tense n/onāva-, nonuvur-

; nonūyate-, nonoti- grammar), to sound loudly, roar, thunder

nud

cl.6 P. A1. (

) nud/ati-, te- (perfect tense nunoda-

; nunud/e-,3. plural dre-

etc.; Aorist P. anautsīt- grammar; A1. anutthās-

; nudiṣṭhās-

; preceding -nudyāt-

; future -notsyati-

; te-

etc.; nottā- grammar; ind.p. -nudya-

; infinitive mood -n/ude-

; -nudas-

; -nodam-

), to push, thrust, impel, move, remove

etc. etc.: Causal nodayati- (Passive voice nodyate-), to push on, urge, incite

etc.: Intensive nonudyate-, to push or drive away repeatedly

nyagbhāvana

n. humiliation, contempt

nyakkāra

m. humiliation, contempt, disregard

nyakkṛta

mfn. humbled, treated with contempt or contumely

nyakta

mfn. anointed, decorated (?)

(

vy-/akta-)

nyañc

mf(n/īci-)n humble, vile, contemptible (see nyak-etc. above)

nyaṅku

m. a deer, an antelope

etc.

nyasya

mfn. to be laid down or deposited or delivered or appointed to (locative case)

nyavacar

P. -carati-, to enter into, penetrate

nyāviś

(only perfect tense -viviśur-), to enter into (locative case)

nyāya

m. a lawsuit, legal proceeding, judicial sentence, judgement

nyūnapadatva

n. want of one word in a sentence

ind. an interjection

ogha

m. uninterrupted tradition

ota

(ā-uta-) mfn. interwoven

pā

cl.1 P. (

) p/ibati- (Ved. and Epic also A1. te-; rarely pipati-, te-

) cl.2. pāti-, pāth/as-, pānti-

; parasmE-pada A1. papān/a-

, p/ipāna-

(perfect tense P. pap/au-,2. sg. papātha-

; papitha-

; papīyāt-

; p. papiv/as-

; A1. pape-, papire-

; p. papān/a-

; Aorist or imperfect tense apāt-

[ confer, compare

] ; 3. plural apuḥ-[?]

; -pāsta-

; preceding 3. sg. peyās-

; future pāsyati-, te-

etc.; pātā- grammar; ind.p. pītv/ā-

etc., tvī-

; -pāya-

etc.; -pīya-

; pāyam-

; infinitive mood p/ibadhyai-

; pātum-

etc.; p/ātave-

; p/ātava/ī-

), to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow (with accusative,rarely genitive case)

etc. ; (met.) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears etc.)

etc. ; to drink up, exhaust, absorb

; to drink intoxicating liquors

: Passive voice pīy/ate-

etc. etc.: Causal pāyayati-, te- (perfect tense pāyayām āsā-

; Aorist apīpyat-

; ind.p. pāyayitvā-

; infinitive mood p/āyayitav/ai-

), to cause to drink, give to drink, water (horses or cattle)

etc. etc.: Desiderative pipāsati- (

also pipīṣati-), to wish to drink, thirst

: Desiderative of Causal pipāyayiṣati-, to wish or intend to give to drink

: Intensive pepīyate- (parasmE-pada yamāna-also with pass meaning) , to drink greedily or repeatedly

[ confer, compare Greek; AEolic = ; Latin pa1-tus,po1tum,biboforpi-bo; Slavonic or Slavonian pi-ja,pi-ti]

pā

cl.2 P. (

) p/āti- (imperative pāh/i-; pr. p. P. p/āt- A1. pān/a-

; perfect tense papau- grammar; Aorist apāsīt-

subjunctive pāsati-

; future pāsyati-, pātā- grammar; preceding pāyāt-

; infinitive mood pātum-

), to watch, keep, preserve ; to protect from, defend against (ablative)

etc. ; to protect (a country) id est rule, govern

; to observe, notice, attend to, follow

: Causal pālayati- See pāl-: Desiderative pīpāsati- grammar : Intensive pāpāyate-, pāpeti-, pāpāti-

[ confer, compare Zend pa1,paiti; Greek , , etc.; Latin pa-sco,pa-bulum; Lithuanian pe0-mu4]

pac

cl.1 P. A1. (

) p/acati-, te- (cl.4. A1. p/acyate- confer, compare below; parasmE-pada pacāna-

[ confer, compare kim-pacāna-]; perfect tense papāca-[2. sg. papaktha-or pecitha-

], pecur-; pece-, pecire-[ /apeciran-,

; peciran-

]; Aorist p/akṣat-

; apākṣīt-, apakta- grammar; preceding pacyāt-

; future pakṣyati-, te-or paktā-

; ind.p. paktv/ā-

; infinitive mood p/aktave-

; paktum-,

), to cook, bake, roast, boil (A1.also "for one's self")

etc. ; (with double accusative) to cook anything out of (exempli gratia, 'for example' tandulān odanam pacati-,"he cooks porridge out of rice-grains")

; to bake or burn (bricks)

; to digest

; to ripen, mature, bring to perfection or completion

etc. ; (with double accusative) to develop or change into (exempli gratia, 'for example' puṇyāpuṇyaṃ sukhāsukham-,"merit and demerit into weal or woe")

; (intrans.) to become ripe or mature

: Passive voice pacy/ate- (ti-

; Aorist apāci- grammar), to be cooked or burnt or melted or digested or ripened or developed

etc. ; to be tormented

; also intrans. equals p/acyate- (confer, compare above) , to become ripe or mature, to develop or ripen

(with accusative of the fruit that is borne or ripens

; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 14

; lok/aḥ p/acyamānaḥ-,"the developing world"

) : Causal pācayati-, te-

(Aorist apīpacat- grammar; Passive voice pācyate-, parasmE-pada cyamāna-

) ; to cause to cook or be cooked (A1."for one's self") , to have cooked or to cook

etc. (confer, compare

) ; to cause to ripen

; to bring to completion or to an end, cure, heal

: Desiderative pipakṣati- grammar : Intensive pāpacīti- grammar ; pāpacyate-, to be much cooked, to cook very much or burn excessively, to be much afflicted

: Desiderative of Intensive pāpacishati-, te- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin coquo; Slavonic or Slavonian peka,pes8ti.])

pad

cl.4 A1. (

) padyate- (ti-

; Potential padyām-

; imperative patsva-

; perfect tense papāda-

; pede-

; Aorist apadmahi-, dran-

[ subjunctive padāti-

]; apatsi-, patthās-

; preceding padīṣṭ/a-

; future patsyati-

; te-

; pattā- grammar; infinitive mood p/attave-

; tos-, tum-

; -p/adas-

; ind.p. -p/adya-

; -p/ādam-

), to fall, fall down or out, perish

; to go, resort or apply to, participate in (accusative), keep, observe

: Causal pād/ayati-, te-, to cause to fall

(Passive voice pādyate-

; Desiderative pipādayiṣati-

etc.) ; padayate-, to go

: Desiderative pitsate-

: Intensive panīpadyate-

; panīpadīti-

pada

n. a footstep, trace, vestige, mark, the foot itself,

etc. (padena-,on foot; pade pade-,at every step, everywhere, on every occasion; trīṇi padāni viṣṇoḥ-,the three steps or footprints of viṣṇu- [i.e. the earth, the air, and the sky; see

],also Name of a constellation or according to some"the space between the eyebrows"; sg. viṣṇoḥ padam-Name of a locality; padaṃ-dā-, padāt padaṃ-gam-or cal-,to make a step, move on; padaṃ-kṛ-,with locative case to set foot in or on, to enter;with mūrdhni-,to set the foot upon the head of [ genitive case ] id est overcome;with citte-or hṛdaye-,to take possession of any one's heart or mind;with locative case or prati-,to have dealings with padaṃ ni-dhā-with locative case,to set foot in = to make impression upon;with padavyām-,to set the foot on a person's [ genitive case or in the beginning of a compound ]track, to emulate or equal; padam ni-bandh-with locative case,to enter or engage in)

padajāta

n. a group of (connected) words, a sentence or period

padāntara

n. an interval of one step (re sthitvā-,stopping after taking one step)

(see a-pad-)

pādāntara

n. the interval of a step

pādāntare

ind. after the interval of a step

(varia lectio for pad-).

padavedin

m. "acquainted with words", a linguist or philologist

padavṛtti

f. the hiatus between two words in a sentence

padmagarbha

m. the interior or calyx of a lotus

pāgala

mfn. (a word used in Bengali) mad, deranged, demented

pahlava

m. plural Name of a people (the Parthians or Persians)

etc. (also spelt pahnava-; in the

they are said to be a degraded kṣatriya- race conquered by sagara- and sentenced to wear beards).

paiśāca

m. the eighth or lowest form of marriage (when a lover secretly embraces a damsel either sleeping or intoxicated or disordered in her intellect)

pākātīsāra

m. chronic dysentery

pakvātīsāra

m. chronic dysentery

pal

cl.1 P. palati-, to go

(perhaps invented to account for pālayati-,or palāyate-).

pālana

n. the milk of a cow that has recently calved

( pālanakarman -karman- n.superintendence

; pālanavṛtti -vṛtti- f.a particular manner of subsistence

)

pāli

f. prescribed food, maintenance of a scholar during the period of his studies by his teacher

pall

cl.1. pallati-, to go, move

(invented after pal-,prob. to explain the following words) .

pāṃsaka

mfn. contemptible, vile

pāṃsana

mf(ī-)n. contemptible, wicked, bad

pāṃsana

nf. contempt

pāṃsula

m. Name of śiva- and of one of his symbols (a sort of staff crossed at the upper end with transverse pieces representing the breast-bone and adjoining ribs and surmounted by a skull)

paṇakriyā

f. putting in a stake, play or contest for (compound)

paṇasa

m. Artocarpus Integrifolia

panasa

m. ( pan-?) the bread-fruit or jaka- tree, Artocarpus Integrifolia

etc.

pañcacakṣus

m. "five-eyed", Name of the buddha- (who was supposed to have the māṃsa-c-, dharma-c-, prajñā-c-, divya-c-and buddha-c- id est the carnal eye, the eye of religion, the eye of intellect, the divine eye and the eye of buddha-)

(see

) .

pañcāgni

mfn. acquainted with the doctrine of the 5 mystic fires

pāñcāla

m. an association of 5 guilds (carpenter, weaver, barber, washerman, and shoe-maker)

pañcamakāra

n. the 5 essentials of the left-hand tantra- ritual (the words for which begin with the letter m-,viz. madya-,wine; māṃsa-,meat; matsya-,fish; mudrā-,intertwining of the fingers;and maithuna-,sexual union)

(see -tattva-and

) .

pañcāsya

mfn. 5-faced, 5-headed

; 5-pointed (as an arrow)

pañcatakṣī

f. a collection of 5 carpenters

paṇḍ

(prob. invented to serve as the root of the words below) cl.1 A1. paṇḍate-, to go, move

; cl.10 P. paṇḍayati-, to heap together, pile up (varia lectio for piṇḍ-),

; cl.1. or cl.10. P. paṇḍati-, ḍayati-, to destroy, annihilate,

(varia lectio for paṃs-).

paṇḍita

m. of a Brahman changed into an antelope

pāṇḍuradruma

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

panipnat

mfn. (fr. Intensive) showing one's self worthy of admiration or praise

paniṣpada

mf(ā-)n. (Intensive of spand-) quivering, palpitating

pānīyādhyakṣa

m. a water superintendent

pañjikā

f. a book in which receipts and expenditure are entered

pāpabuddhi

f. evil intent

pāpacaka

mfn. (fr. pac-, Intensive) cooking repeatedly or very much

Va1rtt. 6

pāpānubandha

mfn. ill-intentioned

pāpārambhaka

mfn. intending evil

(varia lectio bha-vat-).

pāparddhika

m. a hunter

pāpāśya

mfn. evil-intentioned

pāpaṭhaka

mfn. (fr. paṭh-, Intensive) reading repeatedly or very much

pāpaviniścaya

mfn. intending evil

papīti

f. (fr. Intensive , of1. pā-) mutual or reciprocal drinking

parā

f. any chief matter or paramount object (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' [f(ā-).]having as the chief object, given up to, occupied with, engrossed in, intent upon, resting on, consisting of, serving for, synonymous with etc.

etc.)

parābhava

m. overthrow, defeat, humiliation, mortification, contempt, injury, destruction, ruin

etc.

parābhāva

m. humiliation, contempt

parābhavapada

n. an object of contempt

parādhīna

mf(ā-)n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') entirely engaged in or intent upon or devoted to

paradhyāna

n. intent meditation

parakāyapraveśana

n. entering another's body (a supernatural art)

parākrama

m. (sg. and plural; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) bold advance, attack, heroism, courage, power, strength, energy, exertion, enterprise

etc.

parākrānta

mfn. eagerly intent upon (with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' palāyane-,on fleeing)

parama

n. chief part or matter or object (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).= consisting chiefly of, completely occupied with or devoted to or intent upon)

etc.

paramarma

(for -marman-), in -jña- mfn. knowing the secret plans or intentions of another

paramparā

f. an uninterrupted row or series, order, succession, continuation, mediation, tradition ( paramparayā rayā- ind.by tradition, indirectly)

etc.

paramparam

ind. successively. uninterruptedly

pāramparya

n. uninterrupted series or succession, tradition, intermediation, indirect way or manner ( pāramparyeṇa yeṇa- ind.successively, by degrees)

parāparaguru

m. a Guru of an intermediate class

paraparita

mfn. forming an uninterrupted series, continuous

parapurapraveśa

m. entering an enemy's city (as a supernatural art), sāṃkhya-s. Scholiast or Commentator

parārtha

m. the highest advantage or interest, an important object

parārtha

m. sexual intercourse

parārtha

m. another's advantage or interest (in the beginning of a compound, parārtham rtham- ind.or parārthe rthe- ind.for another or for others or for something else)

etc.

parārthacara

mfn. intent upon another's welfare

pārārthya

n. (2. parārtha-) dependence on or devotedness to another, altruism, disinterestedness

parasparaprīti

f. mutual delight or content

paraśurāma

m. " rama- with the axe", Name of one of the three rāma-s (son of jamad-agni- and sixth avatāra- of viṣṇu-, he was a typical Brahman and his history typifies the contests between the brahman-s and kṣatriya-s)

(also -ka-)

paratā

f. highest degree, absoluteness, (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') the being quite devoted to or intent upon

parāvarta

m. reversal of a sentence (in law)

parāvartya

mfn. (fr. Causal) to be turned back or exchanged or reversed (as a sentence) or restored

parāvṛtti

f. change, interchange, exchange, barter

parāvṛtti

f. reversion of a sentence or judgement

parāyaṇa

n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';f(ā-).) making anything one's chief object, wholly devoted or destined to, engaged in, intent upon, filled or occupied with, affected or possessed by ( parāyaṇatā -tā- f.

)

etc.

paretācarita

mfn. frequented or inhabited by the departed

parī

( pari-i-) P. pary-eti- (imperative parīhi-

; Potential p/artyām-

; imperfect tense paryait-

; perfect tense p/arīyāya-

; future pary-etā-

; ind.p. parītya-

; pary-āyaṃ-

; infinitive mood p/ary-etave-

), to go about, move in a circle ; (trans.) to go or flow round (accusative), circumambulate, surround, include, grasp, span

etc. ; to run against or into, reach, attain

; (with or sc. manasā-) to perceive, ponder

: Intensive A1. p/arīyate-, to move round or in a circle

paribhagna

mfn. ( bhañj-) broken, interrupted, disturbed, stopped

paribhāṣā

f. any explanatory rule or general definition, (in gram.) a rule or maxim which teaches the proper interpretation or application of other rules

paribhava

m. insult, injury, humiliation, contempt, disgrace

etc.

paribhāva

(also pari-bh-) m. contempt

(Bombay edition bhava-).

paribhāvanā

f. thought, contemplation

paribhavapada

n. an object or occasion of contempt

paribhoga

m. enjoyment, (especially) sexual intercourse

paribhūti

f. contempt, humiliation, disrespect, injury

paribṛṃhita

mfn. (or vṛhita-; see

) increased, augmented, strengthened by, connected or furnished with (instrumental case or compound)

parici

P. A1. -cinoti-, nute-, to pile up

; to surround or enclose with (instrumental case), Sulb. ; to heap up, accumulate, augment, increase

etc. etc.: Passive voice -cīyate-, to be increased or augmented, to grow

parici

(2. sg. imperative -cinu-; parasmE-pada -cinvat-; infinitive mood -cetum-), to examine, investigate, search

; to find out, know, learn, exercise, practise, become acquainted with (accusative)

: Passive voice -cīyate-

: Causal A1. -cāyayate-, to search, seek for

paridevita

mfn. (wrong reading -vedita-) lamented, bewailed

etc.

paridiṣṭa

mfn. made known, pointed out

parigā

P. -jigāti- (Aorist -agāt-, -gāt-, -agur-), to go round or through, circumambulate, permeate

; to enter (accusative)

; to come near, approach, reach, visit, afflict

; to go out of the way, avoid, shun

; to disregard, neglect

; to fail, miss, not to master or understand

parigatārṭha

mfn. acquainted or familiar with anything

pariguṇita

mfn. augmented by addition of (compound)

parihā

P. -jahāti-, (ind.p. -hāya-; infinitive mood -hātum-), to leave, abandon, quit

; to omit, neglect, disregard

: Passive voice -hīyate- (with future -hāsyati-

), to be avoided or omitted, be destitute or deprived of, desist or be excluded from (ablative), be wanting or deficient, be inferior to (ablative or instrumental case), wane, fail, decrease, pass away

etc.: Causal -hāpayati-, to cause to relinquish or abandon

; to interrupt, leave unfinished

parihāra

m. contempt disrespect

parijapta

mfn. enchanted

parijarbhurāṇa

mfn. (from Intensive of bhur-) quivering, flickering,

parijñātṛ

mfn. wise, intelligent

parikalpita

mfn. fixed upon, chosen, wished for, expected, made, created, imagined, invented, contrived, arranged, distributed, divided (with khaṇḍa-śaḥ-,cut or broken in pieces)

pārikāṅkṣaka

m. a contemplative Brahman (in the fourth period of life)

pārikāṅkṣakṣin

m. a contemplative Brahman (in the fourth period of life)

parikram

P. -krāmati- (rarely A1. te-; parasmE-pada -krāmat-; perfect tense -cakrāma-, -cakramur-; Aorist -akramīt-; infinitive mood -krāntum-; ind.p. -kr/āmam-,or -kramya-), to step or walk round or about, circumambulate, roam over, walk through, visit (with accusative)

etc. ; to go past, escape

; to outstrip, overtake

: Intensive -caṅkramati-, to move or walk about perpetually

parikruṣṭa

mfn. lamented

parilih

P. -leḍhi-, to lick all round, lick over, lick

: Intensive (pr. p. -lelihat-, hāna-) to lick all round, lick repeatedly

parimantrita

mfn. ( mantr-) charmed, consecrated, enchanted

parimlāna

n. change of countenance by fear or grief

parimṛj

P. -mārṣṭi-, -mṛjati-, -mārjati-, mārjayati- (rarely A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -mṛjīta-

; ind.p. -mṛjya-; infinitive mood -mārṣṭum-,or -mārjitum-), to wipe all round, wash, cleanse, purify

etc. ; (with cakṣuṣī-) to wipe tears from the eyes

; (also A1.) to cleanse or rinse the mouth, Gant.

; to touch lightly, stroke

; to wipe off or away, remove, efface, get rid of (accusative)

: Passive voice -mṛjyate-, to be rubbed or worn out by use (as teeth)

: Intensive -marmṛjyate-, to sweep over (accusative)

(

"to cover with radiance") . 2.

parimṛś

P. A1. -mṛśati-, te- (perfect tense -mamarśa-;3. plural [

] -māmṛśuḥ-; Aorist -amṛkṣat-; ind.p. -mṛśya-), to touch, grasp, seize

etc. ; to examine, consider, inquire into

; to observe, discover

: Passive voice -mṛśyate- (with pavanais-), to be touched id est fanned by the wind

; to be considered

: Intensive -marmṛśat-, to encompass, clasp, embrace

pārīṇa

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') well acquainted or completely familiar with (see trivarya-p-)

parīndita

mfn. gratified, presented

pariniṣṭhita

mfn. completely skilled in or acquainted with (locative case or compound)

paripīḍita

mfn. tormented

pāriplava

mf(ā-)n. (p/āri--),"moving in a circle", Name of particular legends recited at the aśva-medha- and repeated at certain intervals throughout the year

pariploṣa

m. burning, internal heat

pariprach

P. A1. -pṛcchati-, te- (perfect tense -papraccha-; future -prakṣyati-; ind.p. -pṛcchya-; infinitive mood -praṣṭum-), to interrogate or ask a person about anything, to inquire about (with 2 accusative or with accusative of Persian and accusative with prati- locative case or genitive case of thing)

paripraśna

m. question, interrogation

paripṛcchaka

m. an interrogator, inquirer

paripūrṇa

mfn. fully satisfied, content

paripūrṇamukha

mf(ī-)n. having the face entirely covered or smeared or painted with (compound)

paripuṣṭa

mfn. augmented, increased

parisaṃtap

(only ind.p. -tapya-), to be tormented or afflicted

pariśīlana

n. touch, contact (literally and figuratively), intercourse with, application or attachment to, pursuit of (compound), constant occupation, study

pariṣkand

( skand-) P. -ṣkandati-, or -skandati- (

) , to leap or spring about

: Intensive -caniṣkadat- idem or 'mfn. plural full sixteen '

parīṣṭa

m. an elder brother antecedently to whom the younger performs a soma- sacrifice

pariṣṭavanīya

mfn. intended for a praise (as a hymn)

pariṣvan

( svan-), only Intensive -saniṣvaṇat- to sound, whiz

pariṣyanda

m. keeping or entertaining (a sacred fire)

(varia lectio -spanda-)

parisyanda

m. keeping or entertaining (a sacred fire)

(varia lectio -spanda-)

paritapta

(p/ari--) mfn. surrounded with heat, heated, burnt, tormented, afflicted

paritarpaṇa

mfn. satisfying, contenting

paritoṣin

mfn. contented or delighted with (compound)

paritṛpta

mfn. completely satisfied or contented

parituṣṭātman

mfn. contented in mind

parituṣṭi

f. complete satisfaction, contentment, delight

parivardhita

mfn. (for 1.See p.600) increased, augmented, grown, swollen (as the sea)

parive

P. A1. -vayati-, te-, to interweave

; to fetter, bind

pariveṣṭavya

(

) mfn. to be served up or offered or presented

pariveṣya

mfn. (

) to be served up or offered or presented

pariviṣ

P. -veṣati-

(mostly Intensive -veveṣṭi- subjunctive -veviṣati- Potential -veviṣyāt-

; -veviṣāṇi-, -aveviṣat-

; A1. future parasmE-pada -vekṣyamāṇa-

; ind.p. -v/iṣya-

;Ved. infinitive mood -v/iṣe-

), to serve, wait on, offer or dress food: Passive voice -viṣyate-, to be served etc.

; to have a halo (said of sun or moon)

: Causal -veṣayati- (ind.p. -veṣya-,also written -veś-), to offer food, wait on (accusative)

; to dress food

pariviṣṭa

mfn. dressed, offered, presented (as food)

pārivrājaka

mf(ī-)n. intended for a religious mendicant,

parivṛt

A1. -vartate- (Epic also ti-; ind.p. -vṛtya-,or parī-vartam-), to turn round, revolve, move in a circle or to and fro, roll or wheel or wander about, circumambulate (accusative)

etc. ; (with hṛdi-or hṛdaye-) to run in a person's mind

; to return, go or come back to (accusative)

; to be reborn in (locative case)

; (also with anyathā-) to change, turn out different

; to abide, stay, remain

etc. ; to act, proceed, behave

: Causal -vartayati-, to cause to turn or move round or back or to and fro

etc. ; (A1.) to roll or bring near (subjunctive -vartayāte-)

; to overthrow, upset (a carriage)

; to invert, put in a reverse order

(read -vartya-for -vṛtya-) ; to change, barter, exchange

etc. ; to renew (an agreement)

; to understand or explain wrongly (words etc.)

; to turn topsy-turvy id est search thoroughly

; to destroy, annihilate

; to straiten, contract

; (A1.) to cause one's self to be turned round (in having one's head shaved all round)

(see -vartana-): Intensive -v/avartti-, to turn (intrans.) continually

parivṛtti

f. (in rhetoric) a kind of figure in which one thing is represented as exchanged with another (exempli gratia, 'for example'

; see

)

pariyaṣṭṛ

m. a younger brother performing a soma- sacrifice antecedently to the elder

(varia lectio)

parṇ

cl.10 P. parṇayati- (

)

to be green or verdant (prob. Nom.fr. next or invented to explain it).

parokṣa

mf(ā-)n. (r/o--) beyond the range of sight, invisible, absent, unknown, unintelligible

etc.

pārṣata

mf(ī-)n. (fr. priṣata-) belonging to the spotted antelope, made of its skin etc.

paruṣa

mf(ā-)n. intertwined with creepers (as a tree)

parvan

n. the moment of the sun's entering a new sign

parvata

m. an artificial mound or heap (of grain, salt, silver, gold etc. presented to Brahmans see -dāna-)

paryāgā

(only Aorist -āgāt-,3. plural -/āgur-), to pursue, be intent upon (accusative)

; to perform a revolution, elapse (as time)

paryāp

P. -āpnoti- (imperative -āpnuhi-; perfect tense -āpa-), to reach, obtain, attain, gain

; to make an end of, be content

: Causal -āpayati- (ind.p. -āpya-), to perform, do

: Desiderative parīpsati-, to wish to obtain or reach, desire

etc. ; to wish to preserve, guard

; to wish to get at, lie in wait or ambush

paryavadāta

mfn. well acquainted or conversant with (locative case)

( paryavadātatva -tva- n.)

paryavasitamati

mfn. thoroughly acquainted or familiar with (locative case)

paryavasthita

mfn. (with locative case) contained in, devoted or attached to, intent upon, occupied with

paryavasthita

mfn. merry, content, comfortable, of good cheer

paryāyacyuta

mfn. one who has lost his turn, superseded, supplanted

paryāyanna

n. food intended for another

paryāyaśas

ind. by phrases or sentences

paryāyasūkta

n. a hymn with regularly recurring phrases or sentences

paryupasthita

mfn. intent upon, devoted to (locative case)

paś

only present tense P. A1. p/aśyati-, te- (see dṛś-and

), to see (with na-"to be blind"), behold, look at, observe, perceive, notice

etc. ; to be a spectator, look on (especially parasmE-pada exempli gratia, 'for example' tasya paśyataḥ-,while he looks on, before his eyes

; paśyantī tiṣṭhati-,she stands ind.p. looks on

) ; to see a person (either"visit"or"receive as a visitor")

etc. ; to live to see, experience, partake of. undergo, incur

etc. ; to learn, find out

; to regard or consider as, take for (accusative with accusative or adverb in vat-)

; to see with the spiritual eye, compose, invent (hymns, rites etc.)

; (also with sādhu-) to have insight or discernment

etc. ; to consider, think over, examine

; to foresee

; (paśyāmi-,"ISee or l am convinced ", and paśya-, śyata-,"see, behold, look here!"often employed parenthetically or interjectionally

) [Orig. identical with spaś-, q.v ]

paśavya

m. (with kāma-) sexual love or intercourse

paśu

m. any animal or brute or beast (also applied contemptuously to a man; see nara-p-and nṛ-p-)

paṭ

cl.1 P. paṭati-, to go, move

; to flow (perfect tense papāṭa-)

; to split, open, burst asunder (intr.)

; cl.10. or Causal paṭayati-, to string together, wrap (granthe-,or veṣṭane-; see paṭa-)

; pāṭayati-, to speak or shine

; ti- or (

) te-, to split, burst (trans.), cleave, tear, pierce, break, pluck out, remove

etc.: Passive voice pātyate-, to split, burst, open (intr.)

pat

cl.1 P. (

) p/atati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense papāta-, paptim/a-, pet/atur-, papt/ur-; paptiv/as-

; papatyāt-

; Aorist apaptat-

; Passive voice apāti-

; future patiṣ-y/ati-

; te-, patitā-

; Conditional apatiṣyat-

; infinitive mood patitum-

etc.; ind.p. patitv/ā-

; -p/atya-or -p/ātam-

), to fly, soar, rush on

etc. ; to fall down or off, alight, descend (with accusative or locative case), fall or sink (with or without adhas-or narake-,"to go down to hell";with caraṇau-or ṇayoḥ-,"to fall at a person's feet")

etc. ; to fall (in a moral sense), lose caste or rank or position

etc. ; to light or fall upon, fall to a person's share (locative case)

etc. ; to fall or get into or among (locative case)

; to occur, come to pass, happen

: Causal pat/ayati-, to fly or move rapidly along

; to speed (trans.; confer, compare patay/at-) ; te-, to drive away or throw down (?)

; pāt/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpatat-

; Passive voice pātyate-

etc.) , to let fly or cause to fall, to fling, hurl, throw

etc. ; to lay low, bring down (literally and figuratively), overthrow, ruin, destroy

etc. to throw upon or in, lay on (locative case)

; (with or scilicet ātmānam-) to throw one's self

; to cut off (a head)

; to knock out (teeth)

; to pour out or shed (water, tears)

; to kindle (fire)

; to cast (dice)

; to turn, direct, fix (eyes)

; to impose or inflict (punishment)

; to set in motion, set on foot

; to seduce to, betray into (locative case)

; (with dvedhā-) to divide in two

; to subtract

; (A1.) to rush on, hasten

: Desiderative pipatiṣati- (

) and pitsati- (

) , to be about to fly or fall: Intensive panīpatyate- or pātīti-

[ confer, compare Zend pat; Greek , ; Latin peto.]

pāṭ

ind. an interjection used in calling

(gaRa cādi-).

paṭa

m. a painted piece of cloth, a picture

pāṭa

m. (in geometry) the intersection of a prolonged side and perpendicular or the figure formed by such an intersection

paṭagata

mfn. "being on cloth", painted

paṭakāra

m. a painter

pāṭava

n. sharpness, intensity

paṭh

cl.1 P. (

) paṭhati- (te-

etc.; perfect tense papāṭha-

; Aorist apāṭhīt- grammar; future paṭhiṣyati-, paṭhitā-

; ind.p. paṭhitvā-

), to read or repeat aloud, to recite, rehearse

etc. ; to repeat or pronounce the name of a god, to invoke (accusative,also with nāmabhis-)

; to read or repeat or recite to one's self, to peruse, study

; to teach, cite, quote, mention, express, declare

; to learn from (ablative)

: Passive voice paṭhyate-, to be read or recited or taught or mentioned etc.

: Causal pāṭhayati- (Aorist apīpaṭhat-

; future pāṭhayiṣyati-

; Passive voice pāṭhyate-

), to cause or teach to speak or read, to teach, instruct in (with double accusative

) ; to read, recite

: Intensive pāpaṭhīti-, pāpaṭhyate-, to recite often or repeatedly

; to read or study diligently

pathiprajña

mfn. acquainted with roads

paṭīkṣepeṇapraviś

to enter in a hurry

pātṛ

(with genitive case; p/ātṛ-with accusative;unaccented with genitive case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), one who drinks, a drinker

paṭṭastha

mfn. "standing on cloth", painted

paṭu

mf(u-,or vī-)n. ( paṭ-?) sharp, pungent, acrid, harsh, shrill, keen, strong, intense, violent

etc.

paurogava

m. an overseer or superintendent of a royal household, (especially) the inspector of the royal kitchen

pauruṣa

n. force (opp. to buddhi-,"intellect")

pavitra

n. the vessel in which the argha- is presented

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' -ka-

)

pavitra

n. Name of viṣṇu- (also presented pavintrāṇām-)

(cf

)

payaḥsphāti

(p/a-) f. abundance of milk

(printed g/ayasph-).

pāyya

mfn. low, vile, contemptible

pedu

m. ( pad-?) Name of a man (under the especial protection of the aśvin-s, by whom he was presented with a white horse that killed serpents)

pepīyamāna

mfn. (1. pā-, Intensive) drinking separately or greedily

peśa

m. ( piś-) an architect, carpenter(?)

phal

cl.1 P. (

) phalati- (Epic also A1. te-; perfect tense paphāla-

plural pheluḥ-

; confer, compare

; Aorist aphālīt- grammar; future phaliṣyati-

; phalitā- grammar), to burst, cleave open or asunder, split (intrans.)

etc. ; to rebound, be reflected

; (

;but rather Nom.fr. phala-below) to bear or produce fruit, ripen (literally and figuratively), be fruitful, have results or consequences, be fulfilled, result, succeed

etc. ; to fall to the share of (locative case)

; to obtain (fruit or reward)

; to bring to maturity, fulfil, yield, grant, bestow (with accusative,rarely instrumental case)

etc. ; to give out, emit (heat)

; (

) to go (confer, compare pal-): Causal phālayati- Aorist apīphalat- grammar (confer, compare phālita-): Desiderative piphaliṣati- grammar : Intensive pamphulyate-, pamphulīti-, pamphulti-

[ confer, compare sphaṭ-, sphuṭ-; German spalten; English split.]

phala

n. area or superficial contents of a figure

phala

n. interest on capital

phala

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

phalādhyakṣa

m. "superintendent of fruit", Mimusops Kauki

phalakayantra

n. an astronomical instrument invented by bhās-kara-

phalin

m. (with yoni-) the vagina injured by too violent sexual intercourse

phaṇ

cl.1 P. (

) ph/aṇati- (

; perfect tense paphāṇa-,2. sg. paphaṇitha-,or pheṇitha-

; Aorist aphāṇīt-,

; future phaṇiṣyati-, ṇitā- grammar), to go, move

(with samāptim-,"to be accomplished"

) : Causal phāṇ/ayati- (or phaṇ-

), to cause to bound

; to draw off (the surface of a fluid) , skim

: Desiderative piphaṇiṣati- grammar : Intensive pr.p. -paṇiphaṇat- (

), pamphaṇat- (

),bounding, leaping.

phar

(equals sphar-), only Intensive subjunctive pharpharat-, to scatter

(

"to fill") .

phat

ind., an interjection (in phat-kṛ-,prob. wrong reading for phuṭ-kṛ-).

phāṭ

ind. an interjection of calling

phuḍut

ind. an interjection

phullalocana

m. "full-eyed", a kind of antelope

phut

or phūt- ind. an onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds) word (used only with kṛ-,and its derivatives;sometimes expressive of contempt).

phutkartumanas

mfn. wishing to make a derisory noise, intending to cry aloud

piṇḍatva

n. being a lump or ball, density, condensation (-tvam ā-gam-,to become thick or intense)

piṇḍita

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' after a numeral) repeated, counted, numbered

piś

(piṃś-) cl.6 P. (

) piṃśati-, Ved. also A1. te- (perfect tense pip/eśa-, pipiś/e- śre-

; Aorist parasmE-pada piśān/a-

; apeśīt- grammar; future peśiṣyati-, peśitā- grammar), to hew out, carve, prepare (especially meat), make ready, adorn (A1. also"one's self") ; to form, fashion, mould

: Passive voice piśy/ate-

: Causal peśayate- Aorist apīpiśat- grammar : Desiderative pipiśiṣati- or pipeśiṣati-

: Intensive See p/epiśat-, śāna-. ([ confer, compare Greek ; Slavonic or Slavonian pisati; Anglo-Saxon fa7h.])

piṭaka

mf(ā-)n. a boil, blister

(printed piṭhaka-)

pitāputravirodha

m. a contest between father and sons

pīṭhamarda

m. the companion of the hero of a drama in any great enterprise

pitṛ

m. plural (taras-) the fathers, forefathers, ancestors, (especially) the pitṛ-s or deceased ancestors (they are of 2 classes, viz. the deceased father, grandfathers and great-grandfathers of any particular person, and the progenitors of mankind generally;in honour of both these classes rites called śrāddha-s are performed and oblations called piṇḍa-s [ q.v ] are presented;they inhabit a peculiar region, which, according to some, is the bhuvas- ar region of the air, according to others, the orbit of the moon, and are considered as the regents of the nakṣatra-s maghā- and mūla-; see

)

etc.

pitṛkānana

n. "ancestor-grove", place frequented by the pitṛ-s, place of the departed

pitṛmātṛguruśuśrūṣādhyānavat

mfn. only intent on obeying father and mother and teacher

pittātīsāra

m. a bilious form of dysentery

plāśi

m. sg. and plural a particular part of the intestines (= śiśna-,or śiśna-mūla-nāḍyaḥ-

)

plava

m. protraction of a sentence through 3 or more śloka-s (equals kulaka-)

plīhan

m. disease of the spleen (said to be equally applied to enlargement of the mesenteric glands etc.)

[Orig. splīhan-; confer, compare Greek , ; Latin lienfor splihen-; Slavonic or Slavonian slezenafor spleśena-; English spleen.]

plu

cl.1 A1. (

; confer, compare

) pl/avate- (rarely P. ti-; perfect tense pupluve-

etc., 3. plural vuḥ-

; Aorist aploṣṭa-

etc., 2. plural aploḍhvam-

; preceding ploṣīṣṭa-,

; future ploṣyati-, te-

etc.; ind.p. -pl/ūya-

; -plutya-

etc.) , to float, swim

etc. ; to bathe

; to go or cross in a boat, sail, navigate

; to sway to and fro, hover, soar, fly

; to blow (as the wind)

; to pass away, vanish by degrees

(varia lectio) ; to be lengthened or prolated (as a vowelSee pluta-)

; (older form pru- q.v) to hop, skip, leap, jump, spring from (ablative) or to or into or over or upon (accusative)

etc.: Causal plāvayati- (rarely te-,or plāvayati-; Aorist apiplavat-

, apupl- grammar), to cause to float or swim, bathe, wash, inundate, submerge

etc. ; to overwhelm id est supply abundantly with (instrumental case)

; to wash away, remove (guilt, sin etc.)

; to purify

; to prolate (a vowel)

; to cause to jump or stagger

: Desiderative of Causal piplāvayiṣati- or puplāvayiṣati-

: Desiderative puplūṣate- grammar : Intensive poplūyate-, to swim about or rapidly

[ confer, compare Greek , ; Old Latin per-plovere; Latin pluit,pluvius; Lithuanian plauti; Anglo-Saxon flovan; German,flawjan,flawe7n,vlouwenetc.]

popuva

mfn. (fr. Intensive) purifying much or repeatedly

pṝ

cl.9 P. (

) pṛṇ/āti-

; cl.6 P. ( pṛṇ-,

) priṇ/ati-

; cl.3 P. (

) p/iparti-

(also A1.; imperative pipīpṛhi-

; perfect tense papāra-,3. plural paparuḥ-,or papruḥ-

; pupūre-, rire-

; -pupūryās-

; papṛv/as-[?]

; Aorist apārīt- grammar, pūriṣṭhās-

; imperative pūrdh/i-

; preceding priyāsam-

, pūryāt- grammar; future parīṣyati-, parītā- grammar; ind.p. pūrtvā- grammar, -pūrya-

; -pūram-[in compound with its object; confer, compare udara-p-, goṣpada-p-, carma-p-.and

]; infinitive mood pṛṇ/adhyai-

; -puras-

; pūritum-

), to fill (A1."one's self")

; to fill with air, blow into (accusative)

; to sate, cherish, nourish, bring up

; to refresh (as the pitṛ-s)

(Aorist apārīt- varia lectio atārpsīt-) ; to grant abundantly, bestow on (dative case), present with (instrumental case)

(often parasmE-pada pṛṇ/at-= bounteous, liberal, ungrudging) ; to fulfil, satisfy (as a wish)

: Passive voice pūry/ate- (Epic also ti-,and

A1. p/ūryate-, parasmE-pada p/ūyamāṇa-), to be filled with, become full of (instrumental case), be sated

etc. ; to become complete (as a number)

: Causal pārayati-, to fill

; to fulfil (only Aorist pīparat-)

; pūr/ayati- (

), te- (Passive voice pūryate-[ confer, compare above]; Aorist apūri-, apūriṣṭa-), to fill, fill up with (instrumental case)

etc. ; to fill (with a noise, said also of the noise itself)

; to fill with wind, blow (a conch)

; to draw (a bow or an arrow to the ear)

; to make full, complete, supplement (a sentence)

; to cover completely, overspread, bestrew, surround

etc. ; to load or enrich or present with (instrumental case)

; to fulfil (a wish or hope)

etc. ; to spend completely (a period of time)

: Desiderative piparīṣati-, pupūrṣati- grammar : Intensive pāparti-, popūrti-, popūryate-

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin plere,plenus; Lit.pi4lti,pi4lnas; Slavonic or Slavonian plu8nu8; Gothic fulls; German voll; English full.]

prabābadhāna

mfn. (fr. Intensive) hastening on before, overtaking

prabādh

A1. -bādhate- (Epic also P. ti-), to press forward, drive, urge, promote

; to repel, drive away, keep off

etc. ; to torment, vex, hurt, injure, annoy

; to set aside, annul

: Intensive See below.

prabālikā

f. Name of a woman,

introd. (printed vālikā-).

prabanddhṛ

m. an interpreter ( prabanddhṛtā ddhṛ-tā- f.)

prabandha

m. an uninterrupted connection, continuous series, uninterruptedness, continuance

etc.

prabhadraka

n. a combination of 4 śloka-s containing one sentence

prabhid

P. -bhinatti-, to cleave, split asunder, break, pierce, open

etc. etc.: Passive voice -bhidyate-, to be broken in pieces, crumble

; to be dissolved, open

; to split, divide (intr.)

: Causal of Intensive -bebhidayya-

prabhinna

mfn. broken through, interrupted

prabodha

m. manifestation, appearance (of intelligence)

(varia lectio)

prabodha

m. knowledge, understanding, intelligence

prabodhaka

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') equals bodha-, understanding, intelligence (exempli gratia, 'for example' sukhaprabodhaka sukha-prabodhaka- f. ikā-,of easy intelligence id est easily intelligible

)

prabuddhatā

f. intelligence, wisdom

pracayakāṣṭhāgata

mfn. one who has attained the highest degree of intensity

pracayasvara

m. "accumulated tone", the tone occurring in a series of unaccented syllables following a svarita-

pracchid

( chid-) P. A1. -cchinatti-, -cchintte- to cut off or through, pierce, split, cleave

etc. ; to rend or take away, withdraw

: Causal -cchedayati-, to cause to cut off etc.

: Causal of Intensive -cecchidayya-

prach

cl.6 P. (

), pṛcchati- (Ved. and Epic also A1. pṛcchate-; perfect tense papraccha-

etc., papṛkṣ/e-[?]

; Aorist /aprākṣīt-

etc., /aprāṭ-

, apraṣṭa-

; future prakṣyati-

etc., praṣṭā- grammar; ind.p. pṛṣṭvā-, -pṛcchya-

; infinitive mood pr/aṣṭum-

etc., -p/ṛccham-, cche-

), to ask, question, interrogate (accusative) ; to ask after inquire about (accusative) ; to ask or interrogate any one (accusative) about anything (accusative dative case locative case, prati-,or adhikṛtya-with accusative; arthe-or hetoḥ- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

(pr.p. A1. pṛcchamāna-,"asking one's self"

) etc. etc. ; (in astrology) to consult the future

; (with nāmato mātaram-) to inquire about one's (genitive case) mother's name

; (with na-) not to trouble one's self with

; to seek, wish, long for ; to ask, demand, beg, entreat (accusative)

: Passive voice pṛcchy/ate-, to be asked or questioned about (act. dative case etc., as above )

etc. etc.: Causal pracchayati- (Aorist apapracchat-) grammar : Desiderative pipṛcchiṣati-

: Intensive parīpṛcchyate-

[Orig. pṛk-; confer, compare Latin preces,procus;poscereforporscere; Slavonic or Slavonian prositi; Lithuanian praszy4ti; German fra7he7n,fragen;forsko7n,forschen.]

pracikīrṣu

mfn. (1. kṛ- Desiderative) wishing or intending to requite

pracura

mf(ā-)n. plenteous, plentiful, frequent

pracurīkṛta

mfn. augmented, increased

prācyasāman

m. plural Name of particular chanters of the sāma--veda-

pradarśita

mfn. shown, pointed out, indicated

pradātavya

mfn. to be given (also in marriage) or offered or presented or restored or imparted etc. (teṣāṃ saṃskṛtam pradātavyam-,to these Sanskrit is to be imparted id est these are to be taught Sanskrit

)

etc.

pradātṛ

m. an offerer, presenter (viṣa--,of poison)

pradātṛ

m. a granter (of a wish)

(f. trī-)

pradeya

mf(ā-)n. to be given or presented or granted or offered or communicated or imparted or taught (with dative case,sometimes in compound with the recipient)

etc.

pradhana

n. (see dh/ana-) spoil taken in battle, a prize gained by a victor, the battle or contest itself

etc.

pradhāna

n. intellect, understanding

pradhānādhyakṣa

m. a chief superintendent

pradhānādhyakṣatā

f. the office of chief superintendent

pradhanāghātaka

mfn. bringing about a contest

pradhanottama

n. "best of battles", a great battle or contest

pradhī

f. great intelligence

pradhī

mfn. of superior intelligence, pre-eminently intelligent

pradhū

P. A1. -dhūnoti-, nute-, to move forward

; to blow away

: to blow or shake out (the beard after drinking)

: Intensive -dodhuvat-, -dūdhot-, to blow (the beard, accusative) ; to blow into (locative case)

pradigdha

mfn. smeared over, anointed, stained or covered with (instrumental case or compound)

etc.

pradīpa

m. a light, lamp, lantern

etc. (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'"the light id est the glory or ornament of " exempli gratia, 'for example' kula-pr- q.v;also in titles of explanatory works = elucidation, explanation, exempli gratia, 'for example' mahābhāṣya-pr-)

pradiś

P. A1. -diśati-, te-, to point out, show, indicate, declare, appoint, fix, ordain

etc. ; to direct, bid, urge

; to assign, apportion, grant

(-diśyati-,

)

etc.: Causal -deśayati-, to urge on, incite

: Intensive (pr. p. -d/ediśat-), to animate

pradiś

f. an intermediate point or half-quarter (as northeast)

pradiṣṭa

(pr/a--) mfn. pointed out, indicated, fixed, ordained

prāḍvivāka

m. "one who interrogates and discriminates", a judge (especially the chief judge of a stationary court)

(see

) .

pradyumna

m. the intellect (equals manas-)

prāgdiś

mfn. one who has been pointed to or mentioned before

prāggāmin

mfn. going before, preceding, intending to go before

praghṛṣṭa

mfn. rubbed in, embrocated, anointed

pragrathana

n. connecting or stringing together, intertwining

pragrīva

m. a painted turret

praharṣita

mfn. made desirous of sexual intercourse

prahima

mfn. having severe winters (?)

prahita

mfn. sent to or towards or against (locative case genitive case with or without pārśve-,or dative case), appointed, commissioned

etc.

prahva

mf(ā-)n. inclined towards id est intent upon, devoted to, engaged in

praiṣam

ind., in the formula praiṣaiḥ- or iṣṭibhiḥ praiṣam icchati-,"he strives to start (the sacrifice compared to a hunted animal) with invocations or exclamations"

prajāpatī

(jā--) f. Name of gautama- buddha- 's aunt and nurse (with the patronymic gautamī-, the first woman who assented to his doctrines)

prājāpatyā

f. giving away the whole of one's property before entering upon the life of an ascetic or mendicant

prajñā

P. -jānāti-, to know, understand (especially a way or mode of action), discern, distinguish, know about, be acquainted with (accusative)

etc. ; to find out, discover, perceive, learn

etc.: Causal -jñāpayati-, to show or point out (the way)

; to summon, invite

prajñā

f. wisdom, intelligence, knowledge, discrimination, judgement

etc.

prājña

mf(ā-and ī-)n. (fr. jñā-) intellectual (opp. to śārīra-, taijasa-)

prājña

mf(ā-and ī-)n. intelligent, wise, clever

etc.

prājña

m. intelligence dependent on individuality

prājñā

f. intelligence, understanding

prajñācakṣus

mfn. "mind-eyed", wise, intelligent

prajñāghana

m. nothing but intelligence

prajñāna

n. knowledge, wisdom, intelligence, discrimination

etc.

prajñaptikauśika

m. Name of a teacher acquainted with the magical art called prajñapti-

prajñāsahāya

mfn. "having wisdom for a companion", wise, intelligent

prājñatā

f. (

)wisdom, learning, intelligence

prājñatva

n. (

) wisdom, learning, intelligence

prajñāvat

mfn. wise, knowing, shrewd, intelligent

prajuṣṭa

mfn. ( juṣ-) strongly attached to or intent on (locative case)

prakalpita

mfn. made, done, prepared, arranged, appointed

etc.

prakalpya

mfn. to be appointed or settled or fixed or determined

prakāmāntastapta

mfn. internally consumed by heat

prakāmodya

n. talking to the heart's content, talkativeness

prakara

m. an episodical interlude inserted in a drama to explain what follows

(also rikā-

)

prakarṣa

m. pre-eminence, excellence, superiority, excess, intensity, high degree

etc. (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' adhva-pr-,a great distance

; kāla-pr-,a long time

; guṇa-pr-,extraordinary qualities

; phalaprakarṣa phala--pra-karṣa- mfn.consisting chiefly in fruit

; śakti-pr-,possessing extraordinary power

)

prakarṣa

in the beginning of a compound eminently, intensely, thoroughly, in a high degree

etc.

prakarṣaṇa

n. realizing by the use of a pledge more than the interest of the money lent upon it

prakarṣāt

ind. eminently, intensely, thoroughly, in a high degree

etc.

prakarṣeṇa

ind. eminently, intensely, thoroughly, in a high degree

etc.

prakarṣita

mfn. exceeded in profit (as the interest of a loan)

prakarṣita

n. profit on a pledge beyond the interest of the money lent upon it

prakartavya

mfn. to be appointed to (locative case)

prakāś

A1. -kāśate- (Epic also P. tī-), to become visible, appear, shine, become evident or manifest

etc.: Causal -kāśayati- (rarely te-), to make visible, cause to appear or shine, illumine, irradiate, show, display, manifest, reveal, impart, proclaim

: Intensive (only pr.p. -cākaśat-) to illumine (and) to survey

praketa

m. perception, intelligence, knowledge (concr. = a knower,

)

prakīrṇamaithuna

mfn. living in mixed (connubial) intercourse

prakṛta

mfn. appointed, charged

prakṣepa

m. insertion, interpolation

prakṣip

P. A1. -kṣip/ati-, -kṣipate-, to cast, hurl, throw or fling at or into (locative case), place in, put before

etc. ; to let down

; to launch a ship

; to add

; to insert, interpolate

: Causal -kṣepayati-, to cause or order to cast or put into (locative case)

prakṣipta

mfn. inserted, interpolated

pralepaka

m. a plasterer, an anointer

pralup

P. -lumpati-, to pluck or pull out

: Passive voice -lupyate-, to be robbed

; to be interrupted or disturbed or violated or destroyed

pramāṇa

n. principal, capital (opp. to interest)

prāṃśu

mfn. strong, intense

pramūḍha

mfn. disjointed

prāṇabuddhi

f. sg. life and intelligence

(varia lectio)

prāṇadhāraṇa

n. support or maintenance or prolongation of life (ṇaṃ- kṛ-[P.], to support another's life;[A1., also with ṇāṃ-],to support one's own life, take food)

etc.

praṇāḍī

f. a channel, water-course, drain (met. = intervention, interposition)

praṇāḍikā

f. a channel, water-course, drain (met. = intervention, interposition)

prāṇadyūta

n. play or contest for life

praṇālī

f. intervention, interposition

praṇālikā

f. intervention, medium

prāṇātilobha

m. excessive attachment to life

(printed ṇita-).

praṇenī

mfn. (fr. Intensive) leading or guiding constantly or repeatedly

praṇidhāna

n. profound religious meditation, abstract contemplation of (compound)

praṇihita

mfn. one who has his thoughts concentrated on one point, intent upon (locative case)

praṇipātapratīkāra

mfn. having submission for a remedy, counteracted by submission

praṇīta

mfn. inflicted, sentenced, awarded

etc.

praṇīta

mfn. entered, approached

prāntara

n. the country intervening between two villages

prapad

A1. -padyate- (Epic also P.), to fall or drop down from (ablative), throw one's self down (at a person's feet)

; to go forwards set out for, resort to, arrive at, attain, enter (with accusative,rarely locative case)

etc. ; to fly to for succour, take refuge with (accusative)

etc. ; to fall upon, attack, assail

; to come to a particular state or condition, incur, undergo (accusative)

etc. ; (with an adverb in sāt-), to become exempli gratia, 'for example' sarpasāt pra-pad-, to become a serpent

; to obtain, gain (patini-,"as husband") , partake of, share in (accusative)

; to adopt or embrace (a doctrine)

; to undertake, commence, begin, do

; to form (a judgement)

; to assume (a form)

; to enjoy (pleasure)

; to take to (dative case)

; to come on, approach, appear

; to take effect, succeed

; to turn out (anyathā-,"differently" id est without any effect or consequence)

; to admit (a claim)

: Causal -pādayati-, te-, to cause to enter, introduce into (accusative or locative case)

: Desiderative P. p/itsati-, to wish to enter

; A1. -pitsate- (see

), to be going to incur or undertake

prapadana

n. entering, entrance into (compound)

prāpaṇa

n. reach, extension (bāḥvoḥ prāpaṇānte-,"as far as the arms reach")

prapañcita

mfn. represented in a false light

prapaśyamāna

mfn. well-discerning, judicious, sensible, intelligent

prapaśyat

mfn. well-discerning, judicious, sensible, intelligent

prapat

P. -patati-, to fly away or along, hasten towards (locative case), fly or fall down upon (locative case), fall

etc. ; to fall from, be deprived of, lose (ablative)

: Causal -pātayati-, to cause to fly away

; to chase, pursue

; to throw down

: Desiderative -pipatiṣati-, to wish to hurry away

: Intensive -pāpatīti-, to shoot forth

prapitsu

mfn. desirous of entering upon (accusative)

prāptabuddhi

mfn. instructed, intelligent

prāptaprakāśaka

mfn. advanced in intelligence

prāpti

f. the power (of the wind) to enter or penetrate everywhere

prārabdha

n. an undertaking, enterprise

prarādhya

mfn. to be satisfied or made content

prārambha

m. commencement, beginning, undertaking, enterprise

prarī

P. -riṇāti-, to sever, detach, take away

; A1. -rīyate-, to penetrate, enter (?),

prāripsita

mfn. (fr. Desiderative) intended or meant to be begun

prarocanā

f. (in dramatic language) exciting interest by praising an author in the Prologue of a drama

(also n.)

praropita

mfn. (fr. Causal) sown, planted

prārthita

mfn. wished for, desired, wanted

etc.

prasāda

m. the food presented to an idol, or the remnants of food left by a spiritual teacher (which any one may freely appropriate to his own use)

prāsādārohaṇa

n. going up into or entering a palace

prasādhita

mfn. ornamented, decorated

prasādhitāṅga

mf(ī-)n. having the limbs ornamented or decorated

prasakta

mfn. attached, cleaving or adhering or devoted to, fixed or intent upon, engaged in, occupied with (locative case or compound)

etc.

prasaktadhī

mfn. with heart or mind intent upon or occupied with (compound)

prasaktahṛdaya

mfn. with heart or mind intent upon or occupied with (compound)

prasala

m. the cold season, winter

(varia lectio praśala-).

praśamaṃkara

mfn. causing the cessation of (genitive case), disturbing, interrupting

prasaṅga

m. adherence, attachment, inclination or devotion to, indulgence in, fondness for, gratification of, occupation or intercourse with (locative case genitive case or compound)

etc. ( prasaṅgena gena- ind.assiduously, zealously, eagerly; see also below)

prasaṅgitā

f. attachment, addiction to intercourse with (compound)

prasañj

P. A1. -sajati-, te-, (P.) to hang on, attach to (locative case)

; to hang with id est to provide or supply with (instrumental case)

; to cling to (locative case)

; to engage with any one(locative case) in a quarrel or dispute,

; (only ind.p. -sajya-) to be attached to the world

; to result, follow, be the consequence of anything

; to cause to take place

; (A1.) to attach one's self to (accusative)

: Passive voice sajyate-, or -sajjate- (ti-), to attach one's self, cling to, be devoted to or intent upon or occupied with (locative case)

etc. ; to be in love (pr.p. -sajjantī-)

; (-sajjate-), to be the consequence of something else, result, follow, be applicable

: Causal P. -sañjayati-, to cause to take place

; A1. -sajjayate-, to attach to, stick in (locative case;with na-,"to fly through", said of an arrow)

prasannamukha

mfn. "placid-countenanced", looking pleased, smiling

praśāntakāma

mfn. one whose desires are calmed, content

prasarpaka

m. an assistant who is under the superintendence of the ṛtvij- or a mere spectator at a sacrifice (so designated from entering the sadas-; see prec.)

prasarpaṇa

n. going forwards, entering (locative case)

prasenajit

m. Name of several princes (especially of a sovereign of śrāvastī- contemporary with gautama- buddha-

)

praśna

m. ( prach-) a question, demand, interrogation, query, inquiry after (compound; see kuśala-p-)

etc.

prasnā

P. -snāti-, to enter the water (with or without an accusative)

: Causal -snapayati-, to bathe (intrans.) in (accusative)

praśnaya

Nom. P. yati-, to question, interrogate, inquire after (2 accusative)

praśnin

m. a questioner, interrogator

prasṛ

P. -sisarti-, (only Vedic or Veda) and sarati- (sometimes also A1. te-), to move forwards, advance ("for"or"against" accusative), proceed (literally and figuratively), spring up, come forth, issue from (ablative), appear, rise, spread, extend

etc. ; to break out (as fire, a disease etc.)

(varia lectio) ; to be displaced (as the humours of the boy)

; to be diffused (as odour)

; to pass. elapse (as night)

; to commence, begin

(also Passive voice exempli gratia, 'for example' prāsāri yājñah-,"the sacrifice began"

) ; to prevail, hold good, take place

; to stretch out (hands)

; to agree, promise

: Causal -sārayati-, to stretch out, extend

etc. ; to spread out, expose (wares etc. for sale)

etc. ; to open wide (eyes, mouth, etc.),

; to diffuse, circulate, exhibit

; to prosecute, transact

; (in gram.) to change a semivowel into the corresponding vowel

: Intensive (-sasre-, rāte-, rāṇa-) to extend, be protracted, last

prasṛta

mfn. intent upon, devoted to (compound)

prasṛta

mfn. intense, mighty, strong

prasthita

mfn. appointed, installed

praṣṭṛ

m. one who asks or inquires, interrogator, querist,

praśumbh

(only 3. pl. -śambhante-), to glide on wards, fly along

(

"to adorn one's self highly") .

pratāpa

m. Calotropis Gigantea (equals arka-)

pratāpasa

m. Calotropis Gigantea Alba

pratatam

ind. continuously, unintermittingly

prathamādeśa

m. placing (a word) at the beginning of a sentence

prathita

mfn. intent upon, engaged in

pratibaddha

mfn. disappointed, thwarted, crossed, vexed

pratibaddhaprasara

mfn. hindered or blunted in its course (as a thunderbolt),

pratibanddhṛ

m. a hinderer, preventer, obstructor

pratibandh

P. A1. -badhnāti-, -badhnīte- (Epic imperfect tense also -abandhat-), to tie to, fasten, fix, moor (A1.,anything of one's own)

etc. ; to set, enchase

; to exclude, cut off

; to keep back or off, keep at a distance

; to stop, interrupt

pratibandha

m. connection, uninterruptedness,

pratibandhin

mfn. meeting with an obstacle, being impeded or prevented

pratibha

mfn. wise, intelligent

(varia lectio)

pratibhā

f. intelligence, understanding

pratibhābalāt

ind. by force of reason or intelligence, wisely

pratibhāna

n. intelligence

pratibhānavat

mfn. endowed with presence of mind, quick-witted, shrewd, intelligent

etc. ( pratibhānavattva -tva- n.

)

pratibhānvita

mfn. intelligent, wise

pratibhāva

m. counterpart ( pratibhāvatā -tā- f.)

pratibhāvat

mfn. endowed with presence of mind, shrewd, intelligent

pratibhṛta

mfn. offered, prevented

pratibhū

P. -bhavati-, to be equal to or on a par with (accusative)

: Causal -bhāvayati-, to observe, become acquainted with (accusative)

: Passive voice -bhāvyate-, to be considered as, pass for (Nominal verb)

pratibimba

n. a resemblance or counterpart of real forms, a picture, image, shadow

pratibuddhivat

mfn. having hostile intentions

pratidah

P. -dahati- (future -dhakṣyati-), to burn towards, encounter with flames, consume

: Passive voice -dahyate- (ti-), to be burnt or consumed by fire

pratidhī

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') as intelligent as,

pratidṛṣṭānta

m. a counter example

pratidṛṣṭāntasama

m. an irrelevant objection by adducing a counter example which ignores the opponent's example

pratigāh

A1. -gāhate-, to penetrate, enter

pratigrah

P. A1. -gṛhṇāti-, -gṛhṇīte- (irreg. 2. sg. imperative -gṛhṇa-

; Aorist -ajagrabhat-

), to take hold of, grasp, seize (in astrology = to eclipse, obscure)

etc. ; to take (as a present or into possession), appropriate, receive, accept

etc. (śirasā-,"with the head"i e."humbly, obediently"

) ; to gain, win over

; to take as a wife, marry

etc. ; to take = eat, drink

; to receive (a friend or guest)

etc. ; to receive (anything agreeable as a good word or omen)

; to assent to, acquiesce in, approve

; (rarely) to receive (an enemy) , oppose, encounter

: Causal -grāhayati-, to cause to accept, present with (2 accusative)

; to answer, reply

: Desiderative -jighṛkṣati-, to wish to accept

pratigu

(only Intensive -j/oguve-), to proclaim

pratihantṛ

m. one who wards off, preventer

(varia lectio hartṛ-).

pratihata

mfn. repelled, warded off, checked, impeded, obstructed, prevented, omitted

etc.

pratihata

mfn. dulled, blunted (as teeth by acids equals hṛṣita-)

(see

)

pratihata

mfn. disappointed

pratihatadhī

mfn. hostile-minded, having hostile intentions

pratijñātavya

mfn. to be promised or assented to

pratijñeya

mfn. to be promised or assented to

pratikalpa

m. counter-part (see apr-andSee also prati-kḷp-).

pratikara

mf(ī-)n. acting against, counteracting(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

pratikāra

m. opposition, counteraction, prevention, remedy

pratikaraṇīya

mfn. to be counteracted or prevented, remediable

pratikarman

n. counteraction, cure, medical treatment

pratikartavya

mfn. to be counteracted or resisted

pratikāya

m. "counter-body", an adversary

pratikṛ

P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute-, (infinitive mood pratī-kartum-

), to do or make an opposition

; to return, repay, requite (good or evil [ accusative ] , with genitive case dative case or locative case of Persian)

etc. ; to counteract, resist (accusative or genitive case)

; to treat, attend to, cure (a disease)

; to repair, mend, restore

; to pay back (a debt)

: Causal A1. -kārayate-, to cause to be repeated

: Desiderative -cikīrṣati-, to wish to take revenge on (accusative or locative case) for (accusative)

pratikriyā

f. opposition, counteraction, prevention, remedy, help

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' = removing, destroying)

pratikṛti

f. counterpart, substitute

pratikṣepa

m. contest

(varia lectio vyati--)

pratikṣepaṇa

n. contradiction, opposing, contesting

pratikṣita

mfn. contemplated, considered

pratil

P. -tilati-, to be desirous of sexual intercourse

(equals snihyati-,Mahidh.)

pratilakṣaṇa

n. "a counter-mark", mark, sign

pratimāna

n. a counterpart, well-matched opponent, adversary

pratimāyā

f. counter-spell, counter-charm

pratimudrā

f. a counter-seal

pratināyaka

m. "counter hero", the adversary of the hero (in a play)

pratināyaka

m. an image, likeness, counterfeit,

pratinṛt

P. -nṛtyati-, to dance before (in token of contempt), mock in turn by dancing before (accusative)

: Intensive -narnṛtīti-, to dance before (in token of love), delight or gladden by dancing before (accusative)

pratinyāsa

a counter deposit

pratīpa

mf(ā-)n. (fr. prati+ap-; see anūpa-, dvīpa-, samīpa-),"against the stream","against the grain", going in an opposite direction, meeting, encountering, adverse, contrary, opposite, reverse

etc.

pratipad

A1. -padyate- (Epic future also -patsyati-), to set foot upon, enter, go or resort to, arrive at, reach, attain

etc. ; to walk, wander, roam

; to come back to (accusative), return

; to happen, occur, take place

; to get into (accusative), meet, with, find, obtain, receive, take in or upon one's self.

etc. ; to receive back, recover

; to restore to favour

; to undertake, begin (accusative dative case or infinitive mood), practise, perform, accomplish

etc. ; to do anything to any person, act or proceed or behave towards or against (locative case genitive case or accusative)

; to make, render

; to fall to a person's (accusative) lot or share,

; to let a person (dative case) have anything

; to give back, restore

; to perceive, find out, discover, become aware of or acquainted with, understand, learn

etc. ; to deem, consider, regard

; to answer affirmatively say yes (with or scilicet tathā-,or tatheti-), acknowledge, assent, agree, promise

etc. ; to begin to speak, commence (with accusative or instrumental case)

; to answer

(also with uttaram-

) : Causal -pādayati-, to convey or lead to, procure, cause to partake of (2 accusative). give a present to, bestow on (locative case dative case or genitive case)

etc. ; to give in marriage

; to spend.

; to present with (instrumental case)

; to put in, appoint to (locative case)

; to produce, cause, effect

etc. ; to establish, substantiate, prove, set forth, explain, teach, impart

etc. ; to deem, consider, regard as (2 accusative)

(varia lectio -vadasi-for -pādayasi-): Desiderative -pitsate- (

) , to wish to attain

; to wish to know

: Desiderative of Causal -pipādayiṣati-, to wish or intend to explain or analyze

pratipad

f. understanding, intelligence

pratipādita

mfn. caused to attain, given (also in marriage), delivered, presented

pratipāṇa

m. (for 2.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) a counter-pledge, anything staked against another thing

pratipāṇa

m. a counter-stake, counter-game, revenge at play

(see -paṇa-,above) .

pratipanna

mfn. one who has consented or agreed to or promised

(also -vat-)

pratipanna

mfn. agreed upon, promised, consented to, to

(-tva-

)

pratipanna

mfn. offered, given, presented to (locative case)

pratipatti

f. perception, observation, ascertainment, knowledge, intellect

etc.

pratipeṣam

ind. rubbing or pressing against each other (uraḥ-pratipeṣaṃ yudhyante-,they fight breast to breast)

pratiprahāra

m. ( hṛ-) a counter-blow, returning a blow

pratiprasava

m. counter-order, suspension of a general prohibition in a particular case

pratiprati

mf(t/inī-)n. being a counter-part, counter-balancing

pratiprayoga

m. counter-application or parallel setting forth of a proposition,

pratipūjita

mfn. honoured, revered, presented with (instrumental case)

etc.

pratipūrita

mfn. satisfied, contented

pratipuruṣa

m. "a counter-person", a similar man

pratipuruṣa

m.the effigy of a man (which thieves push into the interior of a house before entering it themselves)

pratipūruṣa

m. "a counter-person", a similar man

pratipūruṣa

m. the effigy of a man (which thieves push into the interior of a house before entering it themselves)

pratirāddha

mfn. counteracted

pratirādh

(only ind.p. -rādhya-), to counteract, oppose (accusative)

: Desiderative -ritsati-

Va1rtt. 1

pratirodhaka

m. an opposer, preventer

pratiropita

mfn. (fr. Causal) planted again

pratiruddha

mfn. checked, prevented, stopped, disturbed, interrupted

etc.

pratirūpa

n. the counterpart of any real form, an image, likeness, representation

(alsof(ā-).

)

pratirūpa

n. anything falsified, a counterfeit of (genitive case)

prātirūpika

mfn. (fr. -rūpa-) counterfeit, spurious

pratisaṃsthāna

n. ( sthā-) settling in, entering into (compound)

pratisaṃvidhāna

n. (1. dhā-) a counter action, stroke in return

pratisāraṇīya

mfn. to be dressed or anointed (as a wound)

pratiṣedhanīya

mfn. to be kept back or restrained or prevented

pratiṣedhya

mfn. to be prevented or rejected or prohibited

pratiṣiddha

mfn. driven back, kept off, prevented, omitted

etc.

pratiṣiddhavāma

mfn. intent upon forbidden things

(varia lectio)

pratiṣiddhavat

mfn. one who has forbidden or interdicted something

pratiṣidh

(2 sidh-) P. -ṣedhati- (Epic also A1. te-), to drive away

; to keep back, ward off, prevent, restrain from (ablative)

etc. ; to forbid, prohibit, disallow

etc.: Causal -ṣedhayati-, to keep back, prevent, restrain

etc. ; to prohibit, interdict

; to deny

pratiśilpa

n. a counter- śilpa-

pratiśloka

m. a counter śloka-

pratisṛp

P. -sarpati-, to creep back

; to creep into, enter

pratisṛta

mfn. met, encountered, pushed back, removed

pratiśruta

mfn. promised (also in marriage), assented, agreed, accepted (te-,"the promise having been made")

etc.

pratiṣṭhāpanā

f. counter-assertion, statement of an antithesis

pratīti

f. the following from anything (as a necessary result), being clear or intelligible by itself

prativacana

n. a dependent or final clause in a sentence

prativad

P. -vadati-, to speak to (acc)

; to speak back, answer, reply to (accusative)

etc. ; to repeat

: Intens.p. -vāvadat- (mfn.) contradicting

prativaditavya

mfn. to be contested or disputed,

prativaktavya

mfn. to be contested or disputed

prativākyam

ind. in every sentence

prativārita

mfn. kept off, prohibited, prevented

etc.

prativārya

mfn. to be warded off or restrained or prevented (a-prativ-)

prativastu

n. a counterpart, equivalent

prativid

P. A1. -vindati-, te-, to find in addition

; (A1. parasmE-pada -vidāna-) to be opposite to (accusative)

; to become acquainted with (accusative)

pratividhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to dispose, arrange, prepare, make ready

; to despatch (spies)

; to counteract, act against (genitive case)

; to contradict a conclusion

pratividheya

mfn. to be counteracted or to be done in any special case

pratividhitsā

f. (fr. Desiderative) desire or intention to counteract

prativihita

mfn. counteracted, guarded against

prativiṣa

n. "counter-poison", an antidote

pratiyabh

(only infinitive mood -yabdhum-), to have intercourse with a female

pratiyat

A1. -yatate-, to guard against, counteract

(varia lectio): Causal yātayati-, to retaliate, requite (with vairam-,or raṇi-,"to take revenge")

pratiyātanā

f. an image, model, counterpart, a picture, statue (of a god etc.)

pratiyoga

m. the being a counterpart of anything

pratiyogin

m. a counterpart, match

pratta

mfn. (for pra-datta-) given away (also in marriage), offered, presented, granted, bestowed

etc. etc.

prattavat

mfn. one who has given or presented

pratyabhilekhya

n. ( likh-) a counter document, a document brought forward by the opposing party

pratyabhiskandana

n. ( skand-) a counter plaint or charge, an accusation brought against the accuser or plaintiff

(see praty-abhiyoga-).

pratyabhiyoga

m. a counter plaint or charge, recrimination

pratyabhiyuj

A1. -yuṅkte-, to make a counter attack against (accusative)

: Causal -yojayati-, to make a counter plaint or charge against (accusative)

pratyabhiyukta

mfn. accused in return or by a counter plaint

pratyagakṣaja

mfn. discerned by the internal faculties, visible to the eye of the soul

pratyagdhāman

mfn. radiant within, internally illuminated

pratyagekarasa

mfn. having taste or pleasure only for the interior, delighting only in one's own soul

pratyākalita

mfn. interposed, introduced (as a step in legal process)

pratyākhyā

P. -khyāti-, to proclaim one by one

; to refuse, repudiate, reject

etc. ; to deny

; to refute

; to counteract (by remedies)

: Desiderative -cikhyāsati-, to wish to refute

pratyākhyāna

n. counteracting, combating (of feelings etc.)

pratyākhyāta

mfn. prohibited, interdicted

pratyakṣa

n. superintendence of, care for (genitive case)

pratyakṣāvagama

mfn. plainly intelligible

pratyakṣavṛtti

mfn. composed clearly or intelligibly (as a word)

pratyañc

mfn. turned back or inward, inner, interior

pratyanuyoga

m. a counter-question, question in return

pratyara

m. (

commentator or commentary) (

) an intermediate spoke of a wheel.

pratyarā

f. (

) an intermediate spoke of a wheel.

pratyavahṛ

(only Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -hartos-), to lessen, shorten, diminish

: Causal -hārayati-, to suspend, interrupt, finish

pratyavavamarśa

m. (wrongly spelt ṣa-) inner contemplation, profound meditation

pratyavavamarśa

m. counter conclusion

pratyavavamarśana

n. contemplation, meditation

pratyavavarodhana

n. obstruction, interruption

pratyaya

m. consciousness, understanding, intelligence, intellect (in sāṃkhya- equals buddhi-)

pratyeṣ

( ā-īṣ-) A1. -eṣate-, to attach one's self to, enter into (locative case)

pratyūbana

n. interruption, discontinuance

pratyudāharaṇa

n. a counter example or illustration

pratyudāhārya

mfn. to be adduced as a counter example

pratyudgata

mfn. met, encountered

pratyudyam

P. -yacchati-, to counterbalance (accusative)

pratyudyama

m. (

) f. (

) counterbalance, equipoise.

pratyudyamin

mfn. maintaining an equipoise, counterbalancing

pratyudyata

mfn. presented, offered

pratyudyāta

mfn. met, encountered, received

pratyūh

P. A1. -ūhati-, te- (ind.p. -uhya-

), to push back, strip off

; to bring back, recover

; to ward off, keep away

; to interrupt

; to offer, present

pratyupamāna

n. a counter comparison, the ideal of an ideal

pratyupaspṛś

P. -spṛśati-, to touch or sip again (water for internal ablution)

prāv

( pra-av-) P. prāvati-, to favour, befriend, help, protect, promote, comfort, sate, satisfy, content

pravacana

n. recitation, oral instruction, teaching, expounding, exposition, interpretation (see sāṃkhya-pravacana-bhāṣya-)

etc.

pravadh

(only Passive voice proper 3. plural -vadhyante-and ind.p. -vadhya-), to kill or slay

pravaṇa

mf(ā-)n. inclined or disposed or devoted to, intent upon, full of (locative case, dative case genitive case infinitive mood or compound)

etc.

pravartita

mfn. set up, established, introduced, appointed

pravas

P. -vasati-, (rarely A1.; exempli gratia, 'for example' perfect tense -vāsāṃ- cakre-

; future -vatsyati-

; ind.p. proṣya-

), to go or sojourn abroad, leave home, depart

etc. ; to disappear vanish, cease

; to stop at a place, abide, dwell

; (= Causal) to banish to (locative case)

: Causal -vāsayati-, to make to dwell in

; to order to live abroad, turn out, expel, banish

etc.: Desiderative -vivatsati-, to intend to set out on a journey

; to be about to depart from (ablative)

pravatsyatpatikā

f. the wife of a man who intends to make a journey

praveśa

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) entering, entrance, penetration or intrusion into (locative case genitive case with or without antar-,or compound)

etc. (accusative with kṛ-,to make one's entrance, enter)

praveśa

m. interfering with another's business, obtrusiveness

praveśa

m. the entering into id est being contained in (locative case)

praveśa

m. intentness on an object, engaging closely in a pursuit or purpose

praveśaka

in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' equals veśa- entering, entrance

praveśaka

m. a kind of interlude (acted by some of the subordinate characters for the making known of what is supposed to have occurred between the acts or the introducing of what is about to follow)

etc. (see viṣkambhaka-and

)

praveśana

n. entering, entrance or penetration into (locative case genitive case or compound)

etc.

praveśana

n. sexual intercourse

prāveśika

mf(ī-)n. (fr. -veśa-) relating to entrance (into a house or on the stage)

(with ākṣiptikā-and dhruvā- f.Name of particular airs sung by a person on entering the stage

)

praveśin

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') entering into

praveśin

mfn. having sexual intercourse with

praveśita

mfn. (fr. Causal) caused to enter, brought or sent in, introduced

etc.

praveśita

mfn. appointed, installed

praveṣṭavya

mfn. to be entered or penetrated or pervaded, accessible, open

praveṣṭavya

mfn. to be caused or allowed to enter, to be admitted

praveṣṭavya

n. (impersonal or used impersonally) one should enter or penetrate into (locative case)

praveṣṭṛ

mfn. one who enters or goes into

( praveṣṭṛtva -tva- n.)

praveśya

mfn. to be entered, accessible, open

praveśya

mfn. to be put back or re-introduced (said of the intestines)

pravī

P. -veti-, to go forth

; to strive after, make for, enter into

; to attack, assail

; to enter, fertilize, impregnate

; to urge on, inspirit, animate

pravid

P. A1. -vindati-, te-, to find, find out, invent

; to anticipate

: Intensive -vevidīti-, to attain, partake of (accusative)

pravigāh

A1. -gāhate-, to dive into, enter (accusative)

pravirala

mf(ā-)n. separated by a considerable interval, isolated, few, very rare or scanty

praviś

P. A1. -viśati-, te-, to enter, go into, resort to (accusative or locative case)

etc. etc. (with agnim-, agnau-, madhyam- agneḥ-, vahnau-,or citāyām-,"to ascend the funeral pyre";with karṇayoḥ-,"to come into the ears id est be heard ";with ātmani-,or cittam-,"to take possession of the heart";in dramatic language "to enter the stage") ; to reach, attain

; to have sexual intercourse with (accusative,applied to both sexes)

; to enter upon, undertake, commence, begin, devote one's self to (accusative,rarely locative case)

etc. (with piṇḍīm-or tarpaṇam-,"to accept or enjoy an oblation") ; to enter into id est be absorbed or thrown into the shade by (accusative)

(with[ svāni-] aṅgāni-or gātrāṇi-),"to shrink, shrivel"

: Causal -veśayati-, te-, to cause or allow to enter, bring or lead or introduce to, usher into (accusative or locative case)

etc. etc. (without an object,"to bring into one's house etc.", especially "to bring on the stage") ; to lead home as a wife id est marry

; to lay or store up, deposit in, put or throw into (locative case or accusative)

etc. ; to enter id est commit to paper, write down

; to initiate into (accusative)

; to instil into (locative case) = teach, impart

; to spend (money)

; to enter, come or be brought into (accusative)

: Desiderative -vivikṣati-, to wish to enter into (accusative)

pravisṛta

mfn. violent, intensive

praviṣṭa

mfn. entered

praviṣṭa

mfn. one who has entered or gone or come into, being in or among (locative case, accusative or compound; see madhya-prav-)

etc. etc. (in dramatic language "one who has entered the stage")

praviṣṭa

mfn. one who has entered upon or undertaken, occupied with, intent upon, engaged in (locative case or compound)

praviṣṭaka

n. entering the stage (only praviṣṭakena kena- ind.in stage directions)

pravivikṣu

mfn. (fr. Desiderative) wishing or being about to enter (accusative)

pravṛddha

mfn. grown up, fully developed, increased, augmented, intense, vehement, great, numerous

etc.

prāvṛṣeṇya

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

prāvṛṣya

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

pravṛt

A1. -vartate-, (Epic also P. ti-), to roll or go onwards (as a carriage), be set in motion or going

etc. ; to set out, depart, betake one's self

etc. ; to proceed (vartmanā-,or ni-,on a path; apathena-,on a wrong path)

; to come forth, issue, originate, arise, be produced, result, occur, happen, take place

etc. ; to commence, begin to (infinitive mood), set about, engage in, be intent upon or occupied with (dative case locative case,or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

etc. ; to proceed against, do injury to (locative case)

; to debauch (anyo 'nyam-,"one another")

; to act or proceed according to or with (instrumental case or ablative)

etc. ; to behave or conduct one's self towards, deal with (locative case)

; to hold good, prevail

; to continue, keep on (pr.p.)

; to be, exist

; to serve for, conduce to (dative case,or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

; to mean, be used in the sense of (locative case)

; to let any one (genitive case) have anything (accusative)

: Causal -vartayati-, to cause to turn or roll, set in motion

etc. ; to throw, hurl, Pour forth

; to send

; to set on foot, circulate, diffuse, divulge

etc. ; to introduce, appoint, instal

; to produce, create, accomplish, devise, invent, perform, do, make

(with setum-to erect a dam;with vyayakarma-,to effect expenditure;with loka-yātrām-,to transact the business of life;with kathām-,to relate a story) ; to exhibit, show, display

; to undertake, begin

etc. ; to use, employ

; to induce any one to do anything, betray into (locative case)

; to proceed against (locative case)

pravṛtti

f. active life (as opp. to ni-vṛtti-[q.v.] and to contemplative devotion, and defined as consisting of the wish to act, knowledge of the means, and accomplishment of the object)

pravṛtti

f. news, tidings, intelligence of (genitive case or compound)

etc.

prāvṛttika

mf(ī-)n. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') well acquainted with

prāvuvūrṣu

mfn. (fr. Desiderative) wishing or intending to wear

prayā

P. -yāti-, to go forth, set out, progress, advance towards or against, go or repair to (accusative,also with accha-,or prati-,or locative case)

etc. ; to walk, roam, wander

etc. ; to part, go asunder, be dispersed, pass away, vanish, die

; to get into a particular state or condition, enter, undergo, incur (accusative)

; to proceed id est behave

(varia lectio) ; to cause to go id est to lead into (accusative)

: Causal -yāpayati-, to cause to set out

(see

) : Desiderative -yiyāsati-, to wish to set out

: Causal of Desiderative -yiyāsayati-, to cause a person to wish to set out

prayata

mfn. offered, presented, given, granted, bestowed

etc.

prayata

mfn. piously disposed, intent on devotion, well prepared for a solemn rite (with locative case or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), ritually pure (also applied to a vessel and a place

), self-subdued, dutiful, careful, prudent

etc.

prayati

f. intention, will, effort, exertion

prayatna

m. (in gram.) effort in uttering, mode of articulation (also āsya-pray-,distinguished into ābhyantara-p-and bāhya-p-,internal and external effort)

prayatta

mfn. intent, eager

prayoga

m. exhibition (of a dance), representation (of a drama)

(ga-to-dṛś-,to see actually representedSee on the stage

)

prayoga

m. a piece to be represented

prayoga

m. lending at interest or on usury, investment

prayoga

m. principal, loan bearing interest

prayogātiśaya

m. (in dramatic language)"excess in representation" , pronouncing the name of a character the moment that he enters the stage

prayojana

n. prayojanena-, with a particular intention, on purpose

prayojanavat

mfn. having or connected with or serving any purpose or interest, interested

prayojya

mfn. to be appointed or commissioned, dependent, a servant or slave

prayojya

mfn. to be represented (on the stage)

prayojya

n. capital (to be lent on interest)

prayojyatva

n. the state of being appointed or commissioned, dependence (a-pray-)

prayoktavya

mfn. to be exhibited or represented

prayuj

A1. -yuṅkte- (rarely P. -yunakti-; see

), to yoke or join or harness to (locative case)

; to unite with (instrumental case)

; to turn (the mind) to (locative case)

; to prepare for (dative case)

; to set in motion, throw, cast (also dice), discharge, hurl at (locative case or dative case)

etc. ; to utter, pronounce, speak, recite

; to fix, place in or on (locative case)

; to direct, order, urge to (dative case or locative case)

etc. ; to choose for (two accusative)

; to lead towards, bring into (accusative)

; to use, employ, practise, display, exhibit, perform, accomplish, contrive, do

etc. ; to undertake, commence, begin

; to cause, effect, produce

; to represent on the stage, act

; to lend (for use or interest)

: Passive voice -yujyate-, to be fit or suitable, conduce to (dative case)

: Causal -yojayati-, to throw, discharge, hurl at or against (locative case)

; to utter, pronounce

; to show, display, exhibit

; (with manas-) to concentrate the mind

; to urge, direct, appoint to (locative case)

; to transfer or entrust to (dative case)

; to undertake, begin

; to represent on the stage

; to cause to be represented by (instrumental case)

; to use, employ

etc. ; to perform, practise

; (with vṛddhim-) to take interest

; (with prayogam-) to invest capital

; to be applicable gaRa kṣubhnādi- ; to aim at, have in view

: Desiderative -yuyukṣate-, to wish to use, want, require

prayukta

mfn. vented (as anger)

prayukta

mfn. lent (on interest)

pre

( pra-- 5 i-) cl.2 P. praiti- (Ved. infinitive mood praitos-

), to come forth, appear, begin

; to go on, proceed, advance (especially as a sacrifice)

; to go forwards or farther, come to, arrive at, enter (accusative)

; to go out or away, depart (this life, with or without asmāl lokāt-,or itas-), die

etc.: Intensive A1. preyate-, to drive or go forth (said of uṣas-)

prekṣ

( pra-īkṣ-) A1. prekṣate- (Epic also P. ti-), to look at, view, behold, observe

etc. ; to look on (without interfering), suffer, say nothing

prekṣā

f. a public show or entertainment

prekṣaka

mf(ikā-)n. looking at, viewing or intending to view

premapara

mfn. intent on love, filled with affection, affectionate, loving, constant

preṣaṇādhyakṣa

m. a superintendent of the commands (of a king), chief of the administration

prī

cl.9 P. A1. (

) prīṇ/āti-, prīṇīt/e- ; cl.4 A1. (

) prīyate- (rather Passive voice; Epic and mc. also ti-and priyate-, ti-; perfect tense pipriy/e-, parasmE-pada yāṇ/a- subjunctive pipr/ayat-; imperative pipr/ayasva-or prīh/i-

; Aorist apraiṣīt-

subjunctive pr/eṣat-

; apreṣṭa- grammar; future preṣyati-, te-, pretā-

) P. to please, gladden, delight, gratify, cheer, comfort, soothe, propitiate

etc. ; (mostly A1. prīyate-) to be pleased or satisfied with, delight in, enjoy (genitive case instrumental case locative case or ablative)

; (A1.; Epic and mc. also P.and pri-) to like, love, be kind to (accusative)

: Causal prīṇayati- (prāpayati-

, prāyayati-

), to please, delight gratify, propitiate

etc. ; to refresh, comfort

: Desiderative p/iprīṣati-, to wish to please or propitiate

: Intensive peprīyate-, peprayīti-, pepreti- grammar ([ confer, compare Gothic frijo7n,frijo7nds; German friunt,freund; Anglo-Saxon freo4nd; English friend; Slavonic or Slavonian prijati; Lithuanian pre0teliusetc.])

prītidatta

n. (?) property or valuables presented to a female by her relations and friends at the time of her marriage, and constituting part of her peculiar property

prītimanas

mfn. joyous-minded, pleased in mind, content

priya

mf(ā-)n. beloved, dear to (genitive case locative case dative case or compound), liked, favourite, wanted, own

etc. etc. (with ablative"dearer than"

; priyaṃ-kṛ- A1. kurute-,either"to gain the affection of, win as a friend"

;or"to feel affection for, love more and more"

)

priyakalpa

m. a ceremony intended to cause blessing to a friend,

prorṇu

( pra-ūrṇu-) P. A1. prorṇoti-, or ṇauti- ; ṇute-, to cover, veil, envelop

; (A1.) to be covered or veiled

: Intensive prorṇonūyate-, to cover completely

(see

Va1rtt. 3

)

protsārita

mfn. (fr. Causal) offered, granted, given

pṛṣadaśva

mfn. (p/ṛ-) having piebald horses or having antelopes for horses (said of the marut-s)

pṛṣadvarā

f. "best among spotted antelopes", Name of a wife of ruru- and daughter of a vidyā-dhara- by menakā- (a sort of antelope)

pṛṣat

m. the spotted antelope

(see gaRa vyāghrādi-,where

pṛṣata-)

pṛṣata

m. the spotted antelope

etc.

pṛṣatka

m. an arrow (as being variegated or as bring as swift as an antelope)

(see

)

pṛṣṭa

mfn. ( prach-) asked, inquired, questioned, interrogated, demanded, wished for, desired, welcome

etc.

pṛṣṭhaga

mfn. mounted or riding on

pṛṣṭhaphala

n. (in algebra) the superficial contents of a figure

pṛt

f. (only in locative case plural pṛts/u-,in one place [

] pṛts/uṣu-

;but according to

also in other cases, viz. pṛtas-, pṛtā-, pṛdbhyām-) battle, contest, strife.

pṛtana

n. an army or a hostile encounter

pṛtanā

f. battle, contest, strife

pṛthī

m. (Nominal verb thī- dative case thyai-or thaye- genitive case thyās-) Name of a mythical personage with the patronymic vainya- (said to have been the first anointed sovereign of men, to have ruled also the lower animals, and to have introduced the arts of husbandry into the world;he is enumerated among the ṛṣi-s and said to be the author of

)

(see pṛthi-, pṛthu-; pārtha-).

pruth

cl.1 P. A1. pr/othati-, te-, to pant, neigh, snort (as a horse)

: Causal prothayati-, to employ force

: Intensive (only parasmE-pada p/opruthat-) to snort aloud

(see proth-).

pucchin

m. Calotropis Gigantea

pūgapuṣpikā

f. Areca-nut and flowers (presented to the principal guests at a marriage festival)

pūjita

mfn. frequented, inhabited

pummṛga

m. a male antelope,

puṇ

cl.6 P. puṇati-, to act piously or virtuously

(invented to serve as base for puṇya-, ni-puṇa-etc.?) ; cl.10 P. poṇayati-, to collect, accumulate (varia lectio for pūl-, pūlyati-).

punarnigrantham

ind. intertwining again

puṇḍarīkodaraprabha

mfn. resplendent as the interior of a white lotus

puṇyagandha

mfn. (p/u-) sweet-scented, fragrant

puṇyagandhi

(p/u-

) mfn. sweet-scented, fragrant.

puṇyagandhin

(

) mfn. sweet-scented, fragrant.

pur

cl.6 P. purati-, to precede, go before, lead

(prob. invented to furnish an etymology for puras-and purā-below) .

pur

f. the intellect (equals mahat-)

puraṃdhi

mfn. (etymology much contested;prob. fr. accusative of 1. or 3. pur-and dhā-,"bearing fulness"or"bearing a body") prolific, not barren (literally and figuratively), bountiful, munificent, liberal

puraṃjanī

f. understanding, intelligence (personified as the wife of a king)

purāṇa

n. Name of work (containing an index of the contents of a number of padma- and some other works.)

puraskārya

mfn. to be appointed to, be be charged or commissioned with (locative case or infinitive mood)

purīṣa

n. (especially) crumbling or loose earth, rubbish (perhaps"that which fills up", as opp. to that which flows off,"the solid" opp. to the fluid) , rubble, anything used to fill up interstices in a wall

purīṣavat

mfn. (p/ur-) furnished with rubbish or loose earth (used for filling interstices)

puriśaya

mfn. (invented to explain puruṣa-) reposing in the fortress or fastness (id est the body)

pūrita

mfn. made full or strong, intensified (as a sound)

purītat

m. the intestines

(see parī-tat-and pulītat-).

pūrṇa

mfn. satisfied, contented

pūrṇābhilāṣa

mfn. one whose wishes are fulfilled, satisfied, contented

pūrṇagarbha

mf(ā-)n. one whose interior is well-filled

pūrṇamānasa

mfn. having a satisfied mind, contented

pūrṇānaka

n. clothes and garlands presented to friends at a feast (varia lectio pūrṇālaka-; see pūrṇa-pātra-)

pūrṇāṅka

m. "a full figure or number", an integer

pūrṇāṅkagaṇita

n. arithmetic of integers

pūrṇapātra

n. a vessel full of rice presented at a sacrifice to the superintending and officiating priests

purodhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, (A1.) to place before or at the head, to appoint (especially to priestly functions), charge, commission

etc. ; to propose (as a prize)

; (P.) to place foremost, value highly, esteem, honour, be intent upon or zealous for, take to heart

purodhātṛ

m. the giver of a commission, the appointer of a purohita-

purohita

mfn. (puro--.) placed foremost or in front, charged, commissioned, appointed

purumantu

mfn. full of wisdom, intelligent

puruṣamṛga

m. a male antelope

puruṣāntara

n. another man or person, a mediator, interposer

( puruṣāntaram am- ind.by a mediator, indirectly

)

puruṣārthatrayīmaya

mf(ī-)n. intent only upon the 3 objects of man (kāma-, artha-and dharma-)

puruṣāyita

mfn. acting like a man, playing the man (especially in sexual intercourse)

( puruṣāyitatva -tva- n.)

pūrvabhāva

m. prior or antecedent existence, priority

pūrvabhāva

m. (in rhetoric) disclosing an intention

pūrvabhāvin

mfn. being anterior, preceding

commentator or commentary

pūrvadhyāna

n. the first (stage of) contemplation,

pūrvaja

mfn. produced by something antecedent, caused

pūrvaja

mfn. antecedent (to what precedes in compound)

pūrvam

ind. before (also as a preposition with ablative), formerly, hitherto, previously (sometimes with present tense)

etc. etc. (often in the beginning of a compound exempli gratia, 'for example' pūrva-kārin-,active before, pūrvokta-,said before;also in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' in the sense of"with" exempli gratia, 'for example' prīti-pūrvam-,with love; mati-pūrvam-with intention, intentionally; mṛdu-pūrva-bhāṣ-,to speak kindly; see above;also with an ind.p. exempli gratia, 'for example' pūrva-bhojam-,or -bhuktvā-,having eaten before

; adya-p-,until now, hitherto;previously -tataḥ-,first-then; pūrva-paścāt-,previously-afterwards; pūrva-upari-,previously-subsequently; pūrva-adhūnā-or adya-,formerly-now)

pūrvamīmāṃsā

f. "inquiry into or interpretation of the first or mantra- portion of the veda-", Name of the system of philosophy attributed to jaimini- (as opp. to uttara-m-,which is an inquiry into the later or upaniṣad- portion;the pūrva-m-is generally called the- mantra-, and in interpreting the Vedic text discusses the doctrine of the eternity of sound identified with brahma-

)

pūrvarūpa

n. something prior or antecedent to, (especially) the symptom of occurring disease

pūrvatara

mfn. (p/ūrva--) earlier, previous, prior, anterior

etc.

pūrvavat

mfn. having (or relating to) something preceding or antecedent

pūrvavattara

mfn. antecedent, former

pūrvottara

mf(ā-)n. dual number or (in the beginning of a compound) the antecedent and subsequent, the preceding and following

puṣ

cl.1 P. (

) poṣati- (trans.) , only

; cl.4 P. (

) p/uṣyati- (trans. and intrans.; mc. also

te-)

etc. etc.; cl.9 P. (

) puṣṇāti- (trans.)

etc. (perfect tense pup/oṣa-, pupuṣyās-

; Aorist apuṣat-or apoṣīt- grammar; Potential puṣeyam-,

; preceding puṣyāsam-, sma-

; future poṣiṣyati-, pokṣyati-; poṣitā-, poṣṭā- grammar; Passive voice puṣyate-

; Aorist apoṣi- grammar; infinitive mood puṣy/ase-

), to be nourished (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' bhāryayā-

), to thrive, flourish, prosper (also with p/oṣam-, puṣṭim-or vṛddhim-)

(rarely in later language exempli gratia, 'for example'

[see above], and sometimes in

, where also 3 sg. puṣyati-tarām-) ; to cause to thrive or prosper, nourish, foster, augment, increase, further, promote, fulfil (exempli gratia, 'for example' a wish) , develop, unfold, display, gain, obtain, enjoy, possess

etc. etc.: Causal posk/ayati- (Aorist apūpuṣat- grammar), to rear, nourish, feed, cause to thrive or prosper

etc. ; to cause to be reared or fed by (instrumental case)

: Desiderative pupoṣiṣati-, pupuṣithati-, pupukṣati- grammar : Intensive popuṣyate-, popoṣṭi-

pūṣan

m. (the a-not lengthened in the strong cases, but accusative ṣāṇam-,in

) Name of a Vedic deity (originally connected with the sun, and therefore the surveyor of all things, and the conductor on journeys and on the way to the next world, often associated with soma- or the Moon as protector of the universe;he is, moreover, regarded as the keeper of flocks and herds and bringer of prosperity;in the brāhmaṇa-s he is represented as having lost his teeth and feeding on a kind of gruel, whence he is called karambhād-;in later times he is one of the 12 āditya-s and regent of the nakṣatra- revatī- or pauṣṇa-; dual number" pūṣan- and aryaman-"

)

puṣpiṇī

f. (a woman) in menstruation or desirous of sexual intercourse

puṣṭārtha

mfn. having a complete sense, fully intelligible (a-p-)

put

or pud- (a word invented to explain putra-or put-tra-See

see

), hell or a particular hell (to which the childless are condemned)

etc.

puṭodaka

n. "having water in its hollow or interior", a cocoa-nut

putrikā

f. a daughter (especially a daughter appointed to raise male issue to be adopted by a father who has no sons)

etc.

ṛ

ind. an interjection expressing laughter

ṛ

cl.1.3.5.P. ṛcchati-, iyarti-, ṛṇoti-, and ṛṇvati- (only Vedic or Veda) ; āra-, ariṣyati-, ārat-, and ārṣīt-, to go, move, rise, tend upwards

etc. ; to go towards, meet with, fall upon or into, reach, obtain

etc. ; to fall to one's share, occur, befall (with accusative)

etc. ; to advance towards a foe, attack, invade

; to hurt, offend

; to move, excite, erect, raise, (/iyarti v/ācam-,he raises his voice

; st/omān iyarmi-,I sing hymns

)

: Causal arpayati-, to cause to move, throw, cast

etc. ; to cast through, pierce

; to put in or upon, place, insert, fix into or upon, fasten

etc. ; to place on, apply

etc. ; to direct or turn towards

etc. ; to deliver up, surrender, offer, reach over, present, give

etc. ; to give back, restore

etc.: Vedic or Veda Intensive alarti-

; (2. sg. alarṣi-

) ; to move or go towards with speed or zeal: Class. Intensive A1. arāryate- (

) , to wander about, haste towards

; ([ confer, compare Greek , , etc.: Zendir: Latin or-ior,re-mus,aro: Gothic argan: Anglo-Saxon a1r:Old High German ruo-dar,ar-an: Lithuanian ir-ti,"to row";ar-ti,"to plough."])

ṝ

ind. an interjection of terror

ṝ

ind. a particle used at the beginning of a sentence

rabh

or rambh- (mostly compound with a preposition; see grabh-andSee labh-with which rabh-is connected) cl.1 A1. (

) r/abhate- (mc. also ti-and Epic rambhati-, te-; perfect tense rebh/e-

;also rārabhe-and 1. plural rarabhm/a-; Aorist /arabdha-

; future rabdhā- grammar; rapsyati-

; te-

etc.; infinitive mood rabdhum-

; Vedic or Veda r/abham-, r/abhe-; ind.p. r/abhya-

etc.) , to take hold of, grasp, clasp, embrace

(arabhat-

wrong reading for ārabhat-) ; to desire vehemently

; to act rashly

(see rabhas-, rabhasa-): Passive voice rabhyate- Aorist arambhi-,

: Causal rambhayati-, te- Aorist ararambhat-

: Desiderative ripsate-

: Intensive rārabhyate-, rārabhīti-, rārabdhi- (as far as these forms really occur, they are only found after prepositions; see anv-ā--, ā--, prā--, vy-ā--, pari--, saṃ-rabh-etc.)

racita

mfn. (with mṛṣā-) invented

racitadhī

mfn. one whose mind is directed to (locative case), intent upon

radh

or randh- cl.4 P. (

) r/adhyati- (perfect tense rarandha-,1. plural rarandhima-or redhma- grammar;3. plural rāradh/uḥ-

; Aorist aradhat-

; subjunctive randhīs- imperative randhi-for randdhi-

; future radhitā-, raddhā- grammar; radhiṣyati-, ratsyati-

; infinitive mood radhitum-

), to become subject to (dative case), be subdued or overthrown, succumb

; to be completed or matured

(see rādh-) ; to bring into subjection, subdue

; to deliver into the hand of (dative case)

; to hurt, torment

: Causal randh/ayati- (Ved. also te-; Aorist rīradhat-

; ararandhat- grammar), to make subject, deliver over to (dative case)

; to torment, afflict

; to destroy, annihilate

; to cook, prepare (food)

: Desiderative riradhiṣati-, riratsati- grammar : Intensive rāradhyate-, rāraddhi- grammar (in

rārandh/i-for rāranddh/i-,and

rāranta-for rārantta-) to hand over to, deliver.

rādh

(confer, compare ṛdh-and radh-) cl.5.4. P. (

) rādhn/oti- rādhyati- (Vedic or Veda also proper rādhati-and r/ādhyate-; perfect tense rar/ādha-

etc. etc. [2. sg. rarādhitha-or redhita-, confer, compare

]; Aorist, arātsīt-, rādhiṣi-

; preceding rādhyāsam-

; future rāddhā- grammar; rātsyati-

; ind.p. rāddhv/ā-, -rādhya-

), to succeed (said of things), be accomplished or finished

; to succeed (said of persons), be successful with (instrumental case), thrive, prosper

; to be ready for, submit to (dative case)

; to be fit for, partake of, attain to (dative case or locative case),

; (rādhyati-) to prophesy to (dative case)

; to accomplish, perform, achieve, make ready, prepare, carry out

; to hit, get at (accusative)

; to propitiate, conciliate, gratify

; to hurt, injure, destroy, exterminate

(confer, compare

) : Passive voice rādhyate- (Aorist /arādhi-), to be conciliated or satisfied

(confer, compare rādhyate-above) : Causal rādh/ayati- (Aorist arīradhat-

; Passive voice rādhyate-

), to accomplish, perform, prepare, make ready

etc. ; to make favourable, propitiate, satisfy

: Desiderative of Causal rirādhayiṣati-

: Desiderative rirātsati- or -ritsati-

Va1rtt. 1

: Intensive rārādhyate-, rārāddhi- grammar ([ confer, compare iradh-; Gothic gare7dan,rathjo1; Slavonic or Slavonian raditi.])

rāga

m. any feeling or passion, (especially) love, affection or sympathy for, vehement desire of, interest or joy or delight in (locative case or compound)

etc.

rāghavapāṇḍavīya

n. Name of an artificial poem by kavi-rāja- (giving a narrative of the acts of both rāghava-s and pāṇḍava-s in such a way that it may be interpreted either as the history of one or the other)

raghupratinidhi

m. an image or counterpart of raghu-

rāgin

m. a painter

rahas

n. sexual intercourse, copulation

rahasyadhāriṇī

f. a confidante

rāhu

m. (fr. rabh-; see graha-and grah-) "the Seizer", Name of a daitya- or demon who is supposed to seize the sun and moon and thus cause eclipses (he is fabled as a son of vipra-citti- and siṃhikā- and as having a dragon's tail;when the gods had churned the ocean for the amṛta- or nectar of immortality, he disguised himself like one of them and drank a portion;but the Sun and Moon revealed the fraud to viṣṇu-, who cut off rāhu-'s head, which thereupon became fixed in the stellar sphere, and having become immortal through drinking the amṛta-, has ever since wreaked its vengeance on the Sun and Moon by occasionally swallowing them;while at the same time the tail of the demon became ketu- [q.v.] and gave birth to a numerous progeny of comets and fiery meteors;in astronomy rāhu- is variously regarded as a dragon's head, as the ascending node of the moon [or point where the moon intersects the ecliptic in passing northwards], as one of the planets[ see graha-],and as the regent of the south-west quarter[

];among Buddhists many demons are called rāhu-)

etc.

rāj

(prob. originally two roots; see raj- rañj-, ṛñj-) cl.1 P. A1. (

) r/ājati-, te- (Ved. also rāṣṭi-, rāṭ-; perfect tense rarāja-; rarāje-or reje-,2. sg. P. rarājitha-or rejitha-

etc.; Aorist arājiṣuḥ-

; arājiṣṭa- grammar; future rājitā-, rājiṣyati-

; infinitive mood rāj/ase-

), to reign, be king or chief, rule over (genitive case), direct, govern (accusative)

etc. ; to be illustrious or resplendent, shine, glitter

; to appear as or like (iva-)

: Causal rājayati-, te- (Aorist ararājat-), to reign, rule

; to illuminate, make radiant (see rājita-): Desiderative rirājiṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive rārājyate-, rārāṣṭi-

[For cognate wordsSee under rājan-.]

rājabandin

m. Name of a man

(printed -vandin-).

rājakulavivāda

m. a contest among kings

rajanīdvaṃdva

n. a period of two nights with the intermediate day

rājanyabandhu

m. (ny/a--). the the friend or connection of a prince (generally used in contempt)

rājapaṭṭikā

f. (prob.) intercourse with king

(equals -pāṭikā-)

rājaprasādapaṭṭaka

n. any grant or document granted by royal favour, royal letters patent,

rājārka

m. Calotropis Gigantea

rajayitrī

f. (fr. Causal) a female painter or colourist

rakṣ

cl.1 P. (

) r/akṣati- (Ved. and mc. also te-; perfect tense rar/akṣa-

etc.; Aorist arakṣīt-

etc.; arākṣīt-

; preceding rakṣyāt- grammar; future rakṣitā-

; rakṣiṣyati- Conditional arakṣiṣyat-

; rakṣye-

; infinitive mood rakṣitum-

), to guard, watch, take care of, protect, save, preserve ("from" ablative)

etc. ; to tend (cattle)

; to rule (the earth or a country)

; to keep (a secret)

; to spare, have regard to (another's feelings)

; to observe (a law, duty etc.)

; to guard against, ward off, keep away, prevent, frustrate, injure

; to beware of

; (A1.) to heed, attend to (locative case)

; (A1.) to conceal, hide (?)

; to conceal one's self, be afraid (?)

: Causal rakṣayati-, te- (Aorist ararakṣat-

), to guard, watch, save or protect from (ablative)

: Desiderative rirakṣati-, to wish to guard, intend to protect from (ablative)

: Intensive See rārakṣāṇ/a-. ([Prob. a kind of Desiderative of some root like raj-or rajj-; confer, compare Greek , ; Latin arx,arceo.])

rakṣādhikṛta

mfn. (kṣādh-) entrusted with the protection or superintendence (of a country etc.)

rakṣādhipati

(kṣādh-) m. a superintendent of police

rakṣāmantra

m. Name of a collection of Vedic hymns (chanted at weddings in order to protect the bridal pair from evil influences).

rakṣaṇīya

mfn. to be guarded against or prevented or avoided

rakṣaspāśa

m. a contemptible rākṣasa- or demon

(see under pāśa-).

rakṣya

mfn. to be prevented from (ablative)

rakta

mf(ā-)n. coloured, dyed, painted

etc. (see

)

raktapūraka

n. the dried peel or integument of the Mangosteen

raktasraganulepin

m. (prob.)"wearing a red garland and being anointed" , Name of śiva-

raktātisāra

m. flow of blood, dysentery, bloody flux

raktātīsāra

m. flow of blood, dysentery, bloody flux

raktṛ

m. a dyer, painter

(prob. wrong reading for raṅktṛ-).

ram

cl.1. A1. (

) ramate- (Vedic or Veda also P. r/amati-or ramṇāti- perfect tense rarāma-

; reme-

etc.; Aorist 3. plural ranta-

; araṃsīt-

; araṃsta-

; raṃsiṣam-

; future rantā- grammar; raṃsyati-

; te-

etc.; infinitive mood ramitum-

; rantum-

etc.; rantos-

; ind.p. ratv/ā-

; rantvā-

; -ramya-or -ratya-

), to stop, stay, make fast, calm, set at rest (P.; especially present tense ramṇāti-)

; (P. A1.)to delight, make happy, enjoy carnally

; (A1.) to stand still, rest, abide, like to stay with (locative case or dative case)

etc. ; (A1.; P.only mc.) to be glad or pleased, rejoice at, delight in, be fond of (locative case instrumental case or infinitive mood)

etc. ; to play or sport, dally, have sexual intercourse with (instrumental case with or without samam-, saha-, sākam-or sārdham-),

etc. ; to couple (said of deer)

, Va1rtt. 8

(confer, compare Causal) ; to play with id est put to stake (instrumental case)

: Causal ram/ayati- or rām/ayati- (Aorist /arīramat-), to cause to stay, stop, set at rest

; (ramayati-, mc. also te-) to gladden, delight, please, caress, enjoy carnally

etc. (3. sg. ramayati-tarām-,

) ; to enjoy one's self, be pleased or delighted

; mṛgān ramayati-, he tells that the deer are coupling

Va1rtt. 8

: Desiderative in riraṃsā-, su- q.v : Desiderative of Causal in riramayiṣu- q.v : Intesis. raṃramyate- or raṃramīti-

[ confer, compare Zend ram, Greek ,, ; Lithuanian rimti; Gothic rimis.]

rāmāyaṇa

n. (ramāyaṇa-) Name of vālmīki-'s celebrated poem, describing the"goings" ([ ayana-]) of rāma- and sitā- (it contains about 24000 verses in 7 books called kāṇḍa-s, viz. 1. bāla-kāṇḍa- or ādi-kāṇḍa-;2. ayodhyā-kāṇḍa-;3. araṇya-kāṇḍa-;4. kiṣ-kindhyā-kāṇḍa-;5. sundara-kāṇḍa-;6. yuddha-kāṇḍa-;7. uttara-kāṇḍa-;part of the 1st book and the 7th are thought to be comparatively modern additions;the latter gives the history of rāma- and sītā- after their re-union and installation as king and queen of ayodhyā-, afterwards dramatized by bhava-bhūti- in the uttara-rāma-caritra-; rāma-'s character, as described in the rāmāyaṇa-, is that of a perfect man, who bears suffering and self-denial with superhuman patience;the author, vālmīki-, was probably a Brahman connected with the royal family of ayodhyā-;and although there are three recensions of the poem, all of them go back to a lost original recension, the ground work of which, contained in books 2-6, in spite of many amplifications and interpolations, may be traced back to one man, and does not like the mahābhārata-, represent the production of different epochs and minds)

etc. (see

) .

raṃh

(for raṅgh-) ; see laṅgh- and raghu-, laghu- cl.1 P. (

) r/aṃhati- (

also A1. r/aṃhate-, r/aṃhamāṇa-; perfect tense raraṃh/a-

; future raṃhitā-, hiṣyati-; Aorist araṃhīt- grammar), to hasten, speed (trans. and intrans.) ; to cause to go or flow ; to go or flow

: Causal raṃh/ayati-, te- (Aorist araraṃhat- grammar), to hasten, speed, run or cause to run

; (cl.10. P.) raṃhayati-, to speak or to shine

(varia lectio vaṃh-): Intensive See rārahāṇ/a-.

ramyāntara

mfn. pleasant at intervals, pleasantly diversified (said of a journey)

raṇ

or ran- (see ram-) cl.1.4. P. r/aṇati-, r/aṇyati- (2. dual number raṇy/athaḥ-

; perfect tense rāraṇa-

; Aorist arāṇiṣuḥ-, raṇiṣṭana-

), to rejoice, be pleased, take pleasure in (locative case,rarely accusative)

; to gladden, delight, gratify

: Causal raṇḍyati-, te-, to cheer, gladden, exhilarate with (instrumental case or locative case)

; to be at ease, be pleased or satisfied with, delight in (locative case)

: Intensive (subjunctive rār/aṇat-, rār/an-; imperative rārandhi-, rārantu-) = Causal (as well in the trans. as in the intrans. meanings)

raṇ

cl.1 P. (

) raṇati- (grammar also perfect tense rarāṇa- future raṇitā-etc.) , to sound, ring, rattle, jingle

: Causal raṇayati- (Aorist arīraṇat-or ararāṇat-

), to make resound

: Desiderative riraṇiṣati- grammar : Intensive raṃraṇyate-, raṃraṇṭi-

raṇābhiyoga

m. engaging in battle, warlike encounter

raṅgājīva

m. "living by colours or by the stage", a painter or an actor

raṅgajīvaka

m. "living by colours", a dyer, painter

raṅgakāraka

(

) m. "colour-maker", a painter, colourist.

raṅgāṅgana

n. an arena or place of public contest

raṅgapraveśa

m. entering on the stage, engaging in theatrical performances

raṅgasaṃgara

m. contest on the stage

raṅgavāṭa

m. a place or arena enclosed (for contests, plays, dancing etc.)

raṅgāvataraṇa

n. "entering on the stage", the profession of an actor

raṅgin

mfn. entering the stage

rañj

or raj- cl.1.4. P. A1. (

) rajati-, te- (only grammar; -rañjati-

) or rajyati-, te- (grammar also perfect tense P. rarañja-,3rd dual number rarajatuḥ-or rarañjatuḥ-; A1. rarañje-; Aorist arāṅkṣīt-, araṅkta-; preceding rajyāt-, raṅkṣīṣṭa-; future raṅktā-; raṅkṣyati-, te-; infinitive mood raṅktum-; ind.p. raktvā-or raṅktvā-), to be dyed or coloured, to redden, grow red, glow

; to be affected or moved, be excited or glad, be charmed or delighted by (instrumental case), be attracted by or enamoured of, fall in love with (locative case)

etc. ; (rajati-, te-), to go

: Causal rajayati- (only

) and rañjayati-, te- (Aorist arīrajat-or ararañjat-; Passive voice rajyate-; Aorist arañji-or arāñji-), to dye, colour, paint, redden, illuminate

etc. ; to rejoice, charm, gratify, conciliate

etc. ; to worship

(rajayati mṛgān- equals ramayati mṛgān-

Va1rtt. 3

) : Desiderative riraṅkṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive rārajīti- (grammar also rārajyate-and rāraṅkti-), to be greatly excited, exult

(others"to shine bright"). [ confer, compare Greek ,"to dye",,"dyer."]

rañjaka

m. a colourist, dyer, painter

rañjita

mfn. coloured, dyed, painted, tinted

etc.

raṅku

m. a species of deer or antelope

rantumanas

mfn. inclined to take pleasure, wishing to enjoy sexual intercourse

rap

(see lap-) cl.1 P. (

) r/apati- (perfect tense rarāpa-etc. grammar), to talk, chatter, whisper

: Intensive rārapīti- idem or 'mf(ikā-)n. equals randhra-, in bahurandhrikā- q.v '

rārakṣāṇa

mfn. (fr. Intensive of rakṣ-) protecting most carefully

ras

(see 1. rās-) cl.1 P. (

) rasati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense rarāsa- resuḥ-

etc.; Aorist arāsīt- grammar; future rasitā-, rasiṣyati-

; infinitive mood rasitum-

), to roar, yell, cry, sound, reverberate

etc. ; to praise

: Causal rāsayati- (Aorist arīrasat-), grammar : Desiderative rirasiṣati-

: Intensive rārasyate- (or rārasti-, grammar), to cry out loudly, scream aloud

rās

(see 1. ras-) cl.1 A1. (

) rāsate- (perfect tense rarāse-

; future rāsitā-, rāsiṣyate- grammar; Aorist arāsiṣṭa-

), to howl, cry

etc.: Intensive rārāsyate-, to cry aloud, utter loud lamentations (only p. rārāyamāna-; Bombay edition vāvāśyamāna-)

rasa

m. mercury, quicksilver (sometimes regarded as a kind of quintessence of the human body, else where as the seminal fluid of śiva-)

rasa

m. (in rhetoric) the taste or character of a work, the feeling or sentiment prevailing in it (from 8 to 10 rasa-s are generally enumerated, viz. śṛṅgāra-,love; vīra-,heroism; bībhatsa-,disgust; raudra-,anger or fury; hāsya-,mirth; bhayānaka-,terror; karuṇa-,pity; adbhuta-,wonder; śānta-,tranquillity or contentment; vātsalya-,paternal fondness;the last or last two are sometimes omitted; see under bhāva-)

etc.

rasabandhana

n. (prob.) a particular pan of the intestines

rasabhaṅga

m. interruption or cessation of passion or sentiment

rasābhiniveśa

m. accession of sentiment, intentness of feeling or passion

rasabhojana

n. an entertainment given to Brahmans in which they are feasted with the juice of mangoes

rasādhyakṣa

m. a superintendent of liquors or fluids

rāsaka

mn. a kind of dramatic entertainment

raśmipati

m. Calotropis Gigantea

rāṣṭrabhṛti

f. (

) maintenance of government or authority.

rāṣṭrabhṛtya

n. (

) maintenance of government or authority.

rāṣṭradipsu

mfn. intending to injure a kingdom, menacing a country

raṭ

cl.1 P. (

) raṭati- (perfect tense rarāṭa-; future raṭitā-etc. grammar), to howl, shout, roar, yell, cry

; to crash (as an axe)

; to ring (as a bell)

; to lament, wail

; to proclaim aloud,

: Causal raṭayati- (Aorist arīraṭat-), to howl, shout etc.

: Intensive rāraṭīti-, to scream aloud, roar, yell, caw etc.

rata

mfn. delighting in, intent upon, fond or enamoured of, devoted or attached or addicted or disposed to (locative case instrumental case or compound)

etc.

rata

mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') having sexual intercourse with

rāta

mfn. given, presented, bestowed

etc. etc. (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see asmad--, deva--, brahma-r-.etc.)

rātahavya

mfn. one to whom the offering is presented, one who receives the oblation

rathakalpaka

m. the arranger or superintendent of a king's or a great man's equipages

rathakāra

m. a chariots-maker, carriage-builder, wheelwright, carpenter (regarded as the son of a māhiṣya- by a karaṇī-)

etc. (see

)

rathāroha

m. "mounted on a chariots", one who fights from a chariots

rathārūḍha

mfn. mounted on a chariots

rathasaṅga

m. the meeting or encounter of war-chariots

rathastha

mfn. being on a chariots, mounted on a car

rathayuddha

n. a fight (between combatants mounted) on chariots

rathoḍupa

m. or n. the body of a carriage, the"boot"or interior receptacle of a carriage

rathotsava

m. a car-festival, a solemn procession of an idol mounted on a car

ratikarman

n. sexual intercourse

ratilakṣa

m. sexual intercourse

ratilampaṭa

mfn. desirous of sexual intercourse, lascivious, lustful

ratiraṇadhira

mfn. bold or energetic in Love's contests

ratnadhenu

f. a cow symbolically represented by jewels

ratnādhipati

m. "superintendent of treasures", Name of agastya-

ratnāsana

n. a throne ornamented with jewels,

rātrisūkta

n. Name of the hymn interpolated after

raudra

m. the cold season of the year, winter

ravi

m. Calotropis Gigantea

ravicakra

n. a particular astronomical diagram (the sun represented as a man carrying the stars on the various parts of his body)

ravidugdha

n. the milk of Calotropis Gigantea

ravipattra

m. Calotropis Gigantea

ravipriya

m. (only

) Calotropis Gigantea

ṛbhu

m. an artist, one who works in iron, a smith, builder (of carriages etc.), Name of three semi-divine beings (ṛbhu-, vāja-, and vibhvan-, the name of the first being applied to all of them;thought by some to represent the three seasons of the year[

],and celebrated for their skill as artists;they are supposed to dwell in the solar sphere, and are the artists who formed the horses of indra-, the carriage of the aśvin-s, and the miraculous cow of bṛhaspati-;they made their parents young, and performed other wonderful works [Sv-apas];they are supposed to take their ease and remain idle for twelve days [the twelve intercalary days of the winter solstice] every year in the house of the Sun [Agohya];after which they recommence working;when the gods heard of their skill, they sent agni- to them with the one cup of their rival tvaṣṭṛ-, the artificer of the gods, bidding the ṛbhu-s construct four cups from it;when they had successfully executed this task, the gods received the ṛbhu-s amongst themselves and allowed them to partake of their sacrifices etc.; see Kaegi

)

etc.

ind. a vocative particle (generally used contemptuously or to express disrespect;often doubled)

recita

n. Name of one of a horse's paces, cantering

repha

mfn. low, vile, contemptible

(see repa-).

reriha

mfn. (fr. Intensive of rih-) continually or repeatedly licking

reṭ

cl.1 P. A1. reṭati-, te- (perfect tense rireṭa-, rireṭe-etc. grammar), to speak ; to ask, request

: Causal reṭayati- (Aorist arireṭat-) grammar : Desiderative rireṭiṣati-, te-

: Intensive rereṭyate-, rereṭṭi-

retaḥpātin

mfn. discharging semen, having sexual intercourse with (locative case)

retaḥseka

m. idem or 'n. discharge of semen ' , sexual intercourse with (locative case)

retas

n. flow of semen, seminal fluid, sperm, seed

etc. (retaḥ-sic-or ni-sic-or ā-dhā-with locative case,"to discharge semen into", impregnate; reto-dhā-

,to conceive; retaso 'nte-,after the discharge of semen)

ṛgāvānam

ind.p. ( ve-), connecting one ṛc- with another not interrupting their continuance

rī

or ri- (see li-) cl.9 P. (

) riṇ/āti- cl.4 P. (

) r/īyate- (riṇīte-

; riyati-

; imperfect tense ariṇvan-

; Gr.pf. rirāya-, rirye-; Aorist araiṣīt-, areṣṭa-; future retā-; reṣyati-, te-; infinitive mood retum-), to release, set free, let go

; to sever, detach from (ablative)

; to yield, bestow

; (A1.) to be shattered or dissolved, melt, become fluid, drop, flow

: Causal repayati- (Aorist arīripat-) grammar : Desiderative rirīṣati-, te-

: Intens, rerīyate-, rerayīti-

ric

cl.7 P. A1. (

) riṇ/akti-, riṅkte- cl.1 P. (

) recati- ; cl.4 A1. (confer, compare Passive voice) r/icyate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense rir/eca-, riric/e-

etc. etc.: riricyām-, arirecīt-

; parasmE-pada ririkv/as-, riricān/a-

; Aorist /āraik-

; arikṣi-

; aricat-

; future rektā- grammar, rekṣyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood rektum- grammar), to empty, evacuate, leave, give up, resign

; to release, set free

; to part with id est sell ("for" instrumental case)

; to leave behind, take the place of (accusative), supplant

; to separate or remove from (ablative)

: Passive voice ricy/ate- (Aorist areci-), to be emptied etc.

etc. ; to be deprived of or freed from (ablative)

; to be destroyed, perish

: Causal (or cl.10.

; Aorist arīricat-), to make empty

; to discharge, emit (as breath, with or scilicet mārutam-),

; to abandon, give up

: Desiderative ririkṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive rericyate-, rerekti-

[ confer, compare Zend ric; Greek , ; Latin linquo,licet; Lithuanian likti; Gothic leihwan; Anglo-Saxon leo4n; English loan,lend; German li7han,leihen.]

rīdhā

f. disregard, contempt, irreverence

(see avalīḍhā-).

rih

(Vedic. form of lih-) cl.6. 2. P. rih/ati- r/eḍhi- (or r/eḷhi-;3. plural A1. rihat/e-; pr. p. rihāṇ/a-or r/ihāṇa-), to lick, kiss, caress

; (rihati-) to praise, worship

; (Imp. ririḍḍhi-, rirīhi-) to ask, implore

; also varia lectio for riph-

: Intensive rerihy/ate- (r/erihat-, hāṇa-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order), to lick or, kiss again and again, caress repeatedly

rījyā

f. (see rīḍhā-above) contempt, disgust

riś

(see riṣ-,from which it is not in all forms distinguishable) cl.6 P. (

) riś/ati- (Vedic or Veda also te-; perfect tense rireśa-etc. grammar), to hurt, tear, pluck off, crop

: Causal reśayati- (Aorist arīriśat-) grammar : Desiderative ririkṣati-

(see riṣ-): Intensive reriśyate-, rereṣṭi-

riṣ

(see riś-) cl.1.4. P. (

varia lectio) reṣati- or r/iṣyati- (Epic also riṣyate-; Aorist rīḍhvam-

ariṣat- subjunctive riṣātha-, parasmE-pada rīṣat-

; areṣīt- grammar; future reṣitā-, reṣṭā-

, reṣiṣyati-

; infinitive mood reṣitum-,or reṣṭum-

;Ved. infinitive mood riṣ/e-, riṣ/as-), to be hurt or injured, receive harm, suffer wrong, perish, be lost, fail

etc. ; to injure, hurt, harm, destroy, ruin

; Causal reṣ/ayati- (Aorist arīriṣat-;Ved. forms rīriṣīṣṭa-, ririṣeḥ-, riṣay/adhyai-), to hurt, injure, harm, cause to miscarry or fail

; (A. rīriṣīṣṭa-), to fail, meet with misfortune or disaster

: Desiderative r/irikṣati- (

; ririṣiṣati-or rireṣiṣati- grammar), to wish to injure or harm (see riś-): Intensive reriṣyate-, rereṣṭi- grammar

riśya

m. equals ṛśya-, a deer, antelope

rītijña

mfn. acquainted with established usages or customs

ṛkṣagandhā

f. Argyreia Argenteia

ṛṇa

n. anything wanted or missed

rociṣṇumukha

mfn. having a bright countenance

roḍa

mfn. satisfied, contented (equals tṛpta-)

roditavya

mfn. to be bewailed or lamented (n. impersonal or used impersonally it is to be wept or cried)

rohiṇī

f. (f.of rohita-,"red", below;also f.of rohin-above) a red cow or [later] any cow (represented as a daughter of surabhi- and mother of cattle, especially of kāma-dhenu-,"cow of plenty";in the veda-, rohiṇī- may perhaps also mean "a red mare")

etc.

roladeva

m. Name of a painter

ropaka

m. a planter (See vṛkṣa-r-)

ropaṇīya

mfn. to be planted or sown

ropayitṛ

mfn. a planter

ropita

mfn. set, planted

ropya

mfn. to be planted or sown or transplanted

roravaṇa

n. (fr. Intensive of1. ru-) a loud roaring or bellowing

rorudā

f. (fr. Intensive) violent weeping ( rorudāvat -vat- mfn.weeping violently or intensely)

rorudat

See Intensive of 1. rud-.

rorudyamāna

See Intensive of 1. rud-.

ṛśa

m. the male of a species of antelope = the next

ṛṣiṣāṇa

mfn. ( san-), presented or offered by the ṛṣi-s (to the gods;said of the soma-)

ṛṣitarpaṇa

n. a handful of water presented as libation to the ṛṣi-s

ṛṣya

m. the male of a species of antelope, the painted or white-footed antelope

etc.

ṛśyada

n. a pit (for catching antelopes

;as hurting what falls into it

)

ṛśyaka

mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' having the colour of or looking like the white-footed antelope

ṛtadhī

mfn. of right intelligence or knowledge

ṛtaṃbharā

f. (with and without prajñā-) intellect or knowledge which contains the truth in itself

etc.

ṛte

ind. (according to

locative case case of the past participle of ṛ-) under pain of, with the exclusion of, excepting, besides, without, unless (with ablative or accusative or a sentence beginning with yatas-)

etc.

ṛtīyā

f. scorn, contempt

ṛtu

m. (

) any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (especially for sacrifices and other regular worship) , right or fit time

ṛtu

m. an epoch, period (especially a division or part of the year), season (the number of the divisions of the year is in ancient times, three, five, six, seven, twelve, thirteen, and twenty-four;in later time six seasons are enumerated, viz. vasanta-,"spring"; grīṣma-,"the hot season"; varṣā-s (f. plural Nominal verb ),"the rainy season" śarad-,"autumn"; hemanta-,"winter";and śiśira-,"the cool season";the seasons are not unfrequently personified, addressed in mantra-s, and worshipped by libations)

etc.

ṛtujuṣ

f. a woman enjoying intercourse at the time fit for procreation

ṛtusnātā

f. a woman who has bathed after her courses (and so prepared herself for sexual intercourse)

cl.2 P. (

; confer, compare

) rauti- or ravīti- (Vedic or Veda also ruv/ati-and ravoti-, te-; parasmE-pada r/uvat-, ravat-, ravamāṇa-, ravāṇa-; perfect tense rurāva-

; ruruvire-

; Aorist /arāvīt-

; preceding rūyāt- grammar; future ravitā-or rotā-

; raviṣyati-

; infinitive mood ravitum-

, rotum-

), to roar, bellow, howl, yelp, cry aloud

etc. ; to make any noise or sound, sing (as birds) , hum (as bees)

etc. ; (rauti-) to praise

: Causal rāvayati- (Aorist arūruvat-with the sense of the Intensive

;or arīravat-

), to cause to bellow or roar, cause an uproar

etc. : Desiderative of Causal rirāvayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative rurūṣati-

: Intensive (Ved.) r/oravīti- (parasmE-pada r/oruvat-and r/oruvāṇa-) or (Epic) rorūyate-, ti- or (grammar) roroti-. to bellow or roar etc. loudly, scream aloud, vociferate. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin raucus; Anglo-Saxon ry7n.]

cl.1 A1. (

) ravate- (only rāviṣam-

; ruruviṣe-, araviṣṭa- aroṣṭa-

) to break or dash to pieces

(

also "to go;to kill;to be angry;to speak") : Intensive (only parasmE-pada r/oruvat-) to break, shatter

ruc

cl.1 A1. (

) rocate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-; perfect tense ruroca-, ruruc/e-

etc.; subjunctive rurucanta- Potential rurucyās-

; parasmE-pada rurukv/as-, rurucān/a-

; Aorist arucat-

; arociṣṭa-

etc.; arukta-

; parasmE-pada rucān/a-

; Aorist Passive voice aroci-

; preceding rucīya-

; rociṣīya-

; ruciṣīya-

; future rocitā- grammar; rociṣyate-

; infinitive mood rocitum-

; ruc/e-

; ind.p. rucitvā-or rocitvā-

), to shine, be bright or radiant or resplendent

etc. ; (only in perfect tense P.) to make bright or resplendent

; to be splendid or beautiful or good

etc. ; to be agreeable to, please (dative case or genitive case)

etc. ; to be pleased with, like (accusative)

; to be desirous of, long for (dative case)

: Causal roc/ayati-, te- (Aorist /arūrucat-, cata-; Passive voice rocyate-), to cause to shine

; to enlighten, illuminate, make bright

; to make pleasant or beautiful

; to cause any one (accusative) to long for anything (dative case)

; to find pleasure in, like, approve, deem anything right (accusative or infinitive mood)

etc. ; to choose as (double accusative)

; to purpose, intend

; (Passive voice) to be pleasant or agreeable to (dative case)

: Desiderative ruruciṣate- or rurociṣate- grammar : Intensive (only p. r/orucāna-) to shine bright

[ confer, compare Greek , ;lux,luceo,luna,lumen; Gothic liuhath,lauhmuni; German lioht,lieht,licht; Anglo-Saxon leo4ht; English light.]

rucitā

f. (

etc.) (

) the having a taste or liking or desire for, taking pleasure in (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; exempli gratia, 'for example' ārambha-ruci-tā-,"fondness or taste for new enterprises"; see -samāna-r-, hiṃsā-ruci-tva-; adharma-ruci-tā-

[ wrong reading adharme r-]).

rucitva

n. (

[ wrong reading adharme r-]).

rud

(confer, compare 1. ru-) cl.2 P. (

; confer, compare

) roditi- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also rudati-, te-and rodati-, te-; perfect tense ruroda-, rurude-

; Aorist /arudat-

etc.; arodīt-, diṣuḥ- grammar; araudiṣīt-

; future roditā- grammar; rodiṣyati-

; infinitive mood roditum-

; ind.p. ruditvā-or roditvā-

; -rudya-

), to weep, cry, howl, roar, lament, wail

etc. ; to bewail, deplore

: Passive voice rudyate- (Aorist arodi-; rudyamāne-,"while weeping is heard"

) : Causal rod/ayati- (Aorist arūrudat-), to cause to weep or lament

etc. etc.: Desiderative rurudiṣati- grammar (confer, compare rurudiṣā-, ṣu-): Intensive rorudyate-, rorotti- (parasmE-pada rorudyamāna-, rorudat-)

[ confer, compare Latin rudere; Lithuanian ru4dis,rauda4,raudo4ti; Anglo-Saxon reo4tan.]

rudh

cl.7 P. A1. (

) ruṇ/addhi-, runddh/e- (1. plural -rudhmas-

; rundhati-, te-

etc.; rodhati-

perfect tense rurodha-, rurudhe-

etc.; rurundhatuḥ-

; Aorist araut-

; arautsīt-

etc.; rotsīs-

; arutsi-, aruddha-

; arautsi-

; arodham-

; arudhma-

; parasmE-pada rudh/at- see 1. rudh-; arudhat-

etc.; preceding rudhyāt-

; future roddhā- grammar; rotsyati-, te-

etc. infinitive mood roddhum-or rodhitum-

; roddhos-

; ind.p. ruddhvā-

etc.; -r/udhya-

etc.; -rundhya-

; -r/udham-

; -r/undham-

; -rodham-

), to obstruct, check, arrest, stop, restrain, prevent, keep back, withhold

(always with na-), etc. ; to avert, keep off, repel

(see rudhat-under1. rudh-) ; to shut, lock up, confine in (locative case)

etc. (according to to

also with double accusative) ; to besiege, blockade, invest

etc. ; to close, block up (a path)

; to cover, conceal, veil, obscure

etc. ; to stop up, fill

; to lay (dust)

; to touch, move (the heart)

; to torment, harass

; to lose, be deprived of (accusative)

; to tear, rend asunder (?)

: Causal rodhayati- (Epic also te-and rundhayati-; Aorist arūrudhat-; Passive voice rodhyate-), to stop, arrest

; to cause to be confined by (accusative)

; to cause to be besieged by (instrumental case)

; to close (with a cover or lid)

; to fetter, enchain, influence

; to oppress, torment, harass

: Desiderative rorutsate- (

), ti- (

), to wish to obstruct etc.: Intensive rorudhyate-, roroddhi-, to obstruct intensely or repeatedly etc. grammar (only rorudhaḥ-

)

rūḍha

mfn. mounted, risen, ascended

etc.

rūḍha

mfn. acquainted or conversant with (locative case)

rudita

mfn. wept, lamented

etc. weeping, crying, lamenting

rudra

m. "Roarer or Howler", Name of the god of tempests and father and ruler of the rudra-s and marut-s (in the veda- he is closely connected with indra- and still more with agni-, the god of fire, which, as a destroying agent, rages and crackles like the roaring storm, and also with kāla- or Time the all-consumer, with whom he is afterwards identified;though generally represented as a destroying deity, whose terrible shafts bring death or disease on men and cattle, he has also the epithet śiva-,"benevolent"or"auspicious", and is even supposed to possess healing powers from his chasing away vapours and purifying the atmosphere;in the later mythology the word śiva-,which does not occur as a name in the veda-, was employed, first as an euphemistic epithet and then as a real name for rudra-, who lost his special connection with storms and developed into a form of the disintegrating and reintegrating principle;while a new class of beings, described as eleven [or thirty-three] in number, though still called rudra-s, took the place of the original rudra-s or marut-s: in

, rudra- is said to have sprung from brahmā-'s forehead, and to have afterwards separated himself into a figure half male and half female, the former portion separating again into the 11 rudra-s, hence these later rudra-s are sometimes regarded as inferior manifestations of śiva-, and most of their names, which are variously given in the different purāṇa-s, are also names of śiva-;those of the

are ajaikapād-, ahir-budhnya-, hara-, nirṛta-, īśvara-, bhuvana-, aṅgāraka-, ardha-ketu-, mṛtyu-, sarpa-, kapālin-; according to to others the rudra-s are represented as children of kaśyapa- and surabhi- or of brahmā- and surabhi- or of bhūta- and su-rūpā-; according to to

, rudra- is one of the 8 forms of śiva-;elsewhere he is reckoned among the dik-pāla-s as regent of the north-east quarter)

etc. (see

)

rudrabali

m. an oblation of flesh etc. presented to the rudra-

ruh

(see,1. rudh-) cl.1 P. (

) r/ohati- (mc. also te-and ruhati-, te-; Vedic or Veda and Epic imperfect tense or Aorist aruhat-; Potential ruheyam-, -ruhethās-, -ruhemahi-; imperative ruha-, parasmE-pada r/uhāṇa-; perfect tense ruroha-, ruruh/uḥ-

etc.; ruruhe-

; Aorist /arukṣat-

etc.; future roḍhā- grammar; rokṣy/ati-, te-

etc.; rohiṣye-

; infinitive mood roḍhum-

etc.; rohitum-

; r/ohiṣyai-

; ind.p. rūḍhv/ā-

, -r/uhya-

etc.; -rūhya-

; -r/uham-

; -r/oham-

), to ascend, mount, climb

; to reach to, attain (a desire)

; to rise, spring up, grow, develop, increase, prosper, thrive

etc. etc. (with na-,"to be useless or in vain"

) ; to grow together or over, cicatrize, heal (as a wound)

etc.: Causal roh/ayati- or (later) ropayati-, te- (Aorist arūruhat-or arūrupat- grammar; Passive voice ropyate-

Aorist aropi-

), to cause to ascend, raise up, elevate

; to place in or on, fix in, fasten to, direct towards (with accusative or locative case)

; to transfer to, commit, entrust

(see ropita-) ; to put in the ground, plant, sow

; to lay out (a garden)

; to cause to grow, increase

; to cause to grow over or heal

: Desiderative r/urukṣati- See ā-ruh-: Intensive roruhyate-, roroḍhi- grammar

ruha

mf(ā-)n. mounted, ascended

ruj

cl.6 P. (

) ruj/ati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense rur/oja-

etc.; Aorist 2. sg. rok-

; ruk-

; araukṣīt- grammar; future roktā-, rokṣyati-

; infinitive mood -r/uje-

; ind.p. ruktv/ā-, -r/ujya-

), to break, break open, dash to pieces, shatter, destroy

etc. ; to cause pain, afflict, injure (with accusative or genitive case; confer, compare

)

etc. etc.: Causal rojayati- (Aorist arūrujat-), to cause to break etc. ; to strike upon (locative case)

; (cl.10.

) to hurt, injure, kill: Desiderative rurukṣati- grammar (See rurukṣ/aṇi-): Intensive rorujyate-, rorokti-, grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin lugeo.])

rukmaprastaraṇa

(rukm/a--) mfn. having a gold-ornamented outer garment

rukmavat

mfn. possessing gold, ornamented with gold

rukmiṇī

f. Name of a daughter of bhīṣmaka- and sister of rukmin- (betrothed by her father to śiśu-pāla- but a secret lover of kṛṣṇa-, who, assisted by bala-rāma-, carried her off after defeating her brother in battle;she is represented as mother of pradyumna-, and in later mythology is identified with lakṣmī-)

rukpratikriyā

f. counteraction or treatment of disease curing, remedying.

rūp

(prob. Nom.fr. rūpa-) cl.10 P. (

) rūpayati-, to form, figure, represent (especially on the stage), exhibit by gesture, act, feign

etc. ; to view, inspect, contemplate

; (A1. yate-) to show one's self, appear

rūpa

n. (plural) integer number

rūpavibhāga

m. the dividing of an integer number into fractions

rūpita

mfn. formed, represented, exhibited, imagined

rūpyādhyakṣa

m. a superintendent of silver or silver coinage, master of the mint

ruru

m. (see 1. ru-

) a species of antelope (picta)

etc.

ruś

(see ruṣ-and riś-) cl.6 P. (

) ruś/ati- (perfect tense rurośa-; future roṣṭā-, rokṣyati-; Aorist arukṣat- grammar;only pr. p. ruś/at- q.v), to hurt, injure, annoy (hiṃsāyām-

) : Causal rośayati- (Aorist arūruśat-) grammar : Desiderative rurukṣati-

: Intensive roruśyate-, roroṣṭi-

ruṣ

(confer, compare ruś-) cl.1.4. P. (

) roṣati- or ruṣyati- (rarely te-,and ruṣati-, confer, compare ruṣat-; grammar also perfect tense ruroṣa-; Aorist aruṣat-or aroṣīt-; future roṣitā-, roṣṭā-; roṣiṣyati-; infinitive mood roṣitum-or roṣṭum-; ind.p. ruṣya-

), to hurt, injure, kill (hiṃsāyām-)

; (cl.1.) to be hurt or offended by, take offence (accusative)

; to displease, be disagreeable to (genitive case)

(confer, compare ruṣat-and 1. ruśat-) ; cl.4. to be vexed or cross, be angry with (genitive case)

etc.: Causal (or cl.10.

) roṣayati-, te- (Aorist arūruṣat-; Passive voice roṣyate-), to vex, annoy, displease, irritate, exasperate

etc. ; to be furious or angry

: Desiderative ruruṣiṣati-, ruroṣiṣati- grammar : Intensive roruṣyate-, roroṣṭi-

[ confer, compare Greek etc.]

ruśamā

f. Name of a woman (said to have contended with indra- as to which of the two would run fastest round the earth, and to have won by the artifice of only going round kuru-kṣetra-)

ṣa

the second of the three sibilants (it belongs to the cerebral class, and is sometimes substituted for s-,and more rarely for ś-,and occasionally interchangeable with kh-;in sound it corresponds toshin the English wordshun;many roots which begin with s-are written in the dhātu-pāṭha- with ṣ-,prob. to show that their initial s-is liable to be cerebralized after certain prepositions).

the actual base for the Nominal verb case of the 3rd Persian pronoun t/ad- q.v (occurring only in the Nominal verb sg. mf.[ s/a-or s/as-, sā-],and in the Vedic or Veda locative case [ s/asmin-

];the final s-of the Nominal verb m.is dropped before all consonants [except before p-in

, and before t-in

] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of visarga-; sa-occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ-];and it is often for emphasis connected with another pronoun as with aham-, tvam-, eṣa-, ayam-etc.[ exempli gratia, 'for example' so 'ham- sa tvam-,"I (or thou) that very person"; confer, compare under t/ad-,p.434] , the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd Persian even if aham-or tvam-be omitted[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa- tvā pṛcchāmi-"I that very person ask you"

; sa- vai no brūhi-"do thou tell us"

];similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān-[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām-,"let your Highness set out for victory"

];it sometimes [and frequently in the brāhmaṇa-s] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adverb such as ya-, yad-, yadi-, yathā-, ced-;in this position sa-may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind.,even where another gender or number is required[ exempli gratia, 'for example' sa yadi- sthāvarā āpo bhananti-,"if those waters are stagnant"

];in the sāṃkhya- sa-,like eṣa-, ka-,and ya-,is used to denote puruṣa-, "the Universal Soul")

sabāhyāntaḥkaraṇa

mfn. with the external and internal organs (with ātman- m."the whole self")

śābdabodha

m. "verbal knowledge", apprehension of the meaning of words, perception of the verbal or literal sense (of a sentence etc.)

śabdālaṃkāra

m. embellishment of the sound (of a sentence by rhyme. alliteration etc., as opp. to arthāl- q.v), a figure of speech depending for its pleasingness on sound or words (such as the yamaka-and anuprāsa-,qq. vv.)

sabhāpraveśana

n. entering a court of justice

sābhicaraṇika

mfn. possessing the same rules for exorcising or counteracting enchantments

sābhimāna

mf(ā-)n. self-interested, egoistical (as an action),

sābhiprāya

mfn. betraying a certain purpose, intentional

sac

(connected with2. sajj-, sañj-, sakh-; confer, compare sap-) cl.1 A1. (

) s/acate- (in

also P. sacati-and s/iṣakti-,2. sg. s/aścasi-,3. plural saścati-,2. 3. plural saścata-,1. sg. A1. saśce-; parasmE-pada s/acamāna-, sacān/a-and s/aścat-or saśc/at-[ quod vide ]; perfect tense Ved. saścima-, saśc/uḥ-; A1. saścir/e-

; secire-

; Aorist 3. plural asakṣata-

; sakṣat-, sakṣata-, sakṣante-, sakṣīm/ahi-

; asaciṣṭa- grammar; future sacitā-, saciṣyate-

; infinitive mood sac/adhyai-

), to be associated or united with, have to do with, be familiar with, associate one's self with (instrumental case)

; be possessed of, enjoy (instrumental case or accusative)

; to take part or participate in, suffer, endure (instrumental case)

; to belong to, be attached or devoted to, serve, follow, seek, pursue, favour, assist (accusative)

; to he connected with (instrumental case)

; to fall to the lot of (accusative)

; to be together

; (s/iṣakti-), to go after, follow, accompany, adhere or be attached to (accusative)

; to help any one to anything (two dative case)

; to abide in (locative case)

; (3. plural saścati-and saścata-), to follow, obey

; to belong to (accusative)

; to be devoted to or fond of (accusative)

[ confer, compare Greek ; Latin sequor; Lithuanian seku4.]

saccheda

mfn. having cuttings or divisions, interrupted

sacetas

mfn. conscious, intelligent, rational

sacitra

mfn. painted, variegated

śad

cl.1.6. A1. (

) śīyate- (confer, compare

; P.in non-conjugational tenses,

; perfect tense śaśada-, śeduḥ-

; future śatsyati-

; Aorist aśadat- grammar; future śattā-

; infinitive mood śattum-

), to fall, fall off or out

: Causal śādayati-, to impel, drive on (cattle)

; śāt/ayati-, te- (confer, compare

) , to cause to fall off or out or asunder, hew or cut off, knock out

etc. ; to fell, throw down, slay, kill

; to disperse, dispel, remove, destroy

: Desiderative śiśatsati- grammar : Intensive śāśadyate-, śāśatti-

[ confer, compare, according to to some, Latin cedo.]

sad

cl.1. or cl.6. P. (

) sīdati- (Epic also te-;Ved. s/adati-or s/īdati-, te-; perfect tense sas/āda-, sas/attha-, sed/us-, sedir/e-

; sīdatus-

; sasadyāt-.

; Aorist asadat-[ confer, compare present tense stem-] grammar;2. 3. sg. s/atsi-, s/atsat-

; asādīt-

; future sattā- grammar; satsyati-

; sīdiṣyati-

; infinitive mood s/ade-

; sattum-

; sīditum-

; ind.p. -s/adya-, -s/adam-

; -sādam-

), to sit down (especially at a sacrifice), sit upon or in or at (accusative or locative case)

; to sit down before, besiege, lie in wait for, watch (accusative)

; to sink down, sink into despondency or distress, become faint or wearied or dejected or low-spirited, despond, despair, pine or waste away, perish

etc. : Passive voice sadyate- (Aorist asādi-, sādi-

) : Causal sād/ayati-, te- (Aorist asīṣadat-), to cause to sit down or be seated, place down, put upon or in (locative case)

etc. ; to put in distress, afflict, weary, exhaust, ruin, destroy

etc.: Desiderative siṣatsati- grammar : Intensive sāsadyate- (grammar also sāsatti-), to sit down in an indecent posture

[ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin sidere,sedere; Lithuanian se4sti,sede4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian se8sti; Gothic sitan; German sitzen; Anglo-Saxon sittan; English sit.]

sadānonuva

mfn. (fr. Intensive of nu-) used to explain next

sadāphala

m. a particular kind of fruit tree (according to to

"Ficus Glomerata;Aegle Marmelos;the cocoa-nut tree;Artocarpus Integrifolia")

sadāprasūna

m. Calotropis Gigantea

sadāpuṣpī

f. Calotropis Gigantea and another species

sādara

mf(ā-)n. considerate, attentive or devoted to (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), intent upon ( sādaram am-, ind."respectfully"etc.)

sadasya

m. "present in the sacrificial enclosure", an assessor, spectator, member of an assembly (at a sacrifice), a superintending priest, the seventeenth priest (whose duties according to to the kuṣītakin-s, are merely to look on and correct mistakes)

sādbanādhyakṣa

m. superintendent of the military forces

(Bombay edition)

ṣāḍguṇyaguṇavedin

mfn. acquainted with the virtues of the six measures

sādh

(connected with2. sidh-) cl.1 P. A1. s/ādati-, te- ; according to to

, cl.4. sādhyati-, cl.5. sādhnoti- (in

also sadhnoti-; perfect tense sasādha-; Aorist asātsīt-; future sāddhā-, sātsyati-; infinitive mood sāddhum-,in later language sādhitum-;Ved. infinitive mood s/adhase- q.v), to go straight to any goal or aim, attain an object, to be successful, succeed, prosper

; to bring straight to an object or end, further, promote, advance, accomplish, complete, finish

; to submit or agree to, obey

; (sādhyati-) to be completed or accomplished

: Causal sādhayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist asīṣadhat-;Ved. also sīṣadhati-, dhaḥ-, dhema-, dhātu-; Passive voice sādhyate-

etc.), to straighten, make straight (a path)

; to guide straight or well, direct or bring to a goal

; to master, subdue, overpower, conquer, win, win over

etc. ; to summon, conjure up (a god or spirit)

; (in law) to enforce payment, recover (a debt), collect (taxes)

etc. ; to subdue a disease, set right, heal, cure

; to bring to an end or conclusion, complete, make perfect, bring about, accomplish, effect, fulfil, execute, practice (with vākyam-,"to execute any one's [ genitive case ] order";with naiṣkarmyam-,"to practise inactivity";with marum-,"to practise abstinence";with mantram-,"to practise the recitation of spells")

etc. ; to attain one's object, be successful

; to produce, make, render (two accusative)

; to establish a truth, substantiate, prove, demonstrate

; to make ready, prepare

; to gain, obtain, acquire, procure

etc. ; to find out (by calculation),

; to grant, bestow, yield

etc. ; to put or place in (locative case)

; to set out, proceed, go (in dramatic language according to to

= gam-)

etc.: Desiderative of Causal siṣādhayisati- or sisādhayirhati-, to desire to establish or prove

: Desiderative siṣātsati- grammar : Intensive , sāsādhyate-, sāsdidhi-

sadhī

(s/a--) mfn. endowed with reason or intellect

sādhikṣepa

mfn. having or showing contempt, taunting, ironical (as language)

sādhita

mfn. made, appointed

sādhuvāda

m. a right sentence

sādhya

m. (plural) "they that are to be propitiated", Name of a class of celestial beings (belonging to the gaṇa-devatā- q.v,sometimes mentioned in the veda- [see

];in the

their world is said to be above the sphere of the gods;according to yāska-[

] their locality is the bhuvarloka- or middle region between the earth and sun;in

, the sādhya-s are described as created after the gods with natures exquisitely refined, and in

, as children of the soma-sad-s, sons of virāj-;in the purāṇa-s they are sons of sādhyā-, and their number is variously twelve or seventeen;in the later mythology they seem to be superseded by the siddha-sSee siddha-;and their names are manas-, mantṛ-, prāṇa-, nara-, pāna-, vinirbhaya-, naya-, daṃśa-, nārāyaṇa-, vṛṣa-, prabhu-)

etc.

sadvaṃdva

mfn. quarrelsome, contentious, litigious

sadyaḥprajñāhara

mf(ā-)n. quickly taking away intelligence

sadyaḥprajñākara

mf(ī-)n. quickly causing intelligence

sah

cl.1 A1. (

) s/ahate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-and exceptionally sāhati-,once in

sg. sahyāmi-; parasmE-pada s/ahat- s/ahamāna-[ q.v ]; perfect tense sehe-, sasāha-; Vedic or Veda also sasāh/e-and sāsāhat-; sās/ahat-; sāsahīṣṭ/āḥ-,; sāsahy/āma-,; parasmE-pada sehān/a-, sāsahān/a-, sāsahv/as-and sāhv/as-[ q.v ]; Aorist asākṣi-, sākṣi-, sākṣate-

; sākṣīt-

; sakṣati-

; sakṣat-, s/ākṣāma-

; imperative sakṣi-, sākṣva-

; parasmE-pada s/akṣat-

; /asahisṭa-

; preceding sahyās-, sāhy/āma-

; sākṣīya-.

; s/āhiṣīm/ahi-

; future soḍhā-

etc.; sahitā- grammar; sakṣyati-

, te-

; sākṣye-[?]

; -sahiṣyati-, te-

; Conditional asahisyat-

; infinitive mood s/ahadhyai-

; s/āḍhyai-

; soḍhum-, sahitum-

; ind.p. soḍhvā-

; sādhvā-, sahitvā- grammar; s/ahya-

etc.; s/aham-

), to prevail, be victorious ; to overcome, vanquish, conquer, defeat (enemies), gain, win (battles)

; to offer violence to (accusative)

; to master, suppress, restrain

etc. ; to be able to or capable of (infinitive mood or locative case)

; to bear up against, resist, withstand

etc. ; to bear, put up with, endure, suffer, tolerate (with na-,"to grudge")

etc. ; to be lenient towards, have patience with any one (genitive case)

; to spare any one

; to let pass, approve anything

; (with kalam-, kala-kṣepam-etc.) to bide or wait patiently for the right time

: Causal or cl.10. sāhayati- (Aorist asīṣahat-), to forbear

: Desiderative of Causal sisāhayiṣati-

: Desiderative s/īkṣate- (parasmE-pada s/īkṣat-; according to to

, also sisahiṣa-), to wish to overcome

: Intensive sāsaṣyate-, sāsoḍhi- (see sāsah/i-) grammar ([ see sahas-and for ; , .])

sahabhū

mfn. counterpart of (genitive case)

sahacarīdharma

m. "the wife's duty", sexual intercourse

sahacāriṇī

f. a female companion, confidante, friend

sahamanas

mfn. with intelligence

saharṣamṛgayugrāmaninādamaya

mf(ī-)n. resounding with the shouts of the joyful troop of hunters

sahas

m. the month mārgaśīrṣa- or agrahāyaṇa- (November-December), the winter season

sahas

n. strength, power, force, victory (sahasas putra-or sah sūnu- m."son of strength", Name of agni- in

; sahasā sahasā- ind.See below; sahobhih sahobhih- ind.= "mightily, intensely")

etc.

sahasaṃsarga

m. carnal contact or intercourse with (instrumental case)

sahasevin

mfn. having intercourse with

sahasra

n. (rarely) m. (perhaps fr. 7, sa-+ hasra-= Greek for ; confer, compare Persian haza1r) a thousand (with the counted object in the same case sg. or plural exempli gratia, 'for example' sahasreṇa bāhunā-,"with a thousand arms"

; sahasraṃ bhiṣajaḥ-,"a thousand drugs"

;or in the genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' dv-sahāsre suvarṇasya-,"two thousand pieces of gold"

; catvāri- sahasrāṇ varṣāṇam-,"four thousand years"

;sometimes in compound,either in the beginning of a compound exempli gratia, 'for example' yuga-sahāsram-,"a thousand ages"

, or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' sahāsrāśvena-,"with a thousand horses"; sahasram sahasram-may also be used as an ind. exempli gratia, 'for example' sahasram riṣibhiḥ-,"with a thousand ṛṣi-s"

;with other numerals it is used thus, ekādhikaṃ sahasram-,or eka-sahasram-,"a thousand + one", 1001; dvyadhikaṃ s-,"a thousand + two" , 1002; ekādaśādhikam ssahasram- or ekādaśaṃ s-or ekādaśa-s-,"a thousand + eleven"or"a thousand having eleven", 1011; viṃśaty-adhikaṃ s-or vimaṃ s-,"a thousand + twenty", 1020; dve sahasre-or dvi-sahacram-,"two thousand"; trīṇi sahasrāṇi-or tri-sahasram-,"three thousand"etc.)

etc.

sahasrabhṛṣṭi

(sah/asra--) mfn. thousand-pointed

sahavivakṣā

f. the intention to utter anything together or at once

sahṛdaya

mf(ā-)n. possessing a heart, good-hearted, full of feeling, sensible, intelligent

śaikhya

mfn. (see śaikya-) pointed, spiked

śaikya

mfn. pointed (for śaikhya-)

śailī

f. a special or particular interpretation (especially a concise explanation of a grammatical aphorism)

śaineya

m. (fr. śini-) patronymic of satyaka- or sātyaki- (the charioteer of kṛṣṇa-, represented as having destroyed numerous dasyu-s)

etc.

sairaṃdhrī

f. Name of draupadī- (who became servant-maid in king virāṭa-'s house, when her husbands, the five pāṇḍava- princes, entered his service in various disguises)

śaiva

m. "a worshipper or follower of śiva-", Name of one of the three great divisions of modern Hinduism (the other two being the vaiṣṇava-s and śākta-s, qq. vv. ;the śaiva-s identify śiva--rather than brahmā- and viṣṇu--with the Supreme Being and are exclusively devoted to his worship, regarding him as the source and essence of the universe as well as its disintegrator and destroyer;the temples dedicated to him in his reproducing and vivifying character [as denoted by the liṅga- q.v ]are scattered all over India;the various sects of śaiva-s are described in

)

sajana

mfn. having men, frequented or inhabited by men ( sajane ne- ind.among men, in public)

etc.

sajjita

mfn. dressed, ornamented

śaka

m. plural Name of a particular white-skinned tribe or race of people (in the legends which relate the contests between vasiṣṭha- and viśvāmitra- the śaka-s are fabled to have been produced by the Cow of vasiṣṭha-, from her sweat, for the destruction of viśvāmitra-'s army; in

, they are mentioned together with the pauṇḍraka-s, oḍra-s, draviḍa-s, kāmboja-s, javana-s or yavana-s, pārada-s, pahlava-s, cīna-s, kirāta-s, darada-s, and khaśa-s, described by

as degraded tribes of kṣatriya-s called after the districts in which they reside: according to the

,king sagara- attempted to rid his kingdom of these tribes, but did not succeed in destroying them all : they are sometimes regarded as the followers of śaka- or śāli-vāhana-, and are probably to be identified with the Tartars or Indo-Scythians [ Latin saca-]who overran India before the Aryans, and were conquered by the great vikramāditya- [q.v.]; they really seem to have been dominant in the north-west of India in the last century before and the first two centuries after the beginning of our era)

etc.

saka

n. applied to the Intellect

śākala

m. or n. a chip, piece, fragment, splinter

sakala

mf(ā-)n. paying interest

sakāma

mf(ā-)n. having one's wishes fulfilled, satisfied, contented

etc.

sakaṇṭaka

mf(ā-)n. having pointed splinters

(varia lectio)

śakāra

m. a king's brother-in-law through one of his inferior wives (especially in the drama represented as a foolish, frivolous, proud, low, and cruel man, such as is saṃsthānaka- in the mṛcchakaṭikā-, he speaks the dialect of the śaka-s id est śākārī-, which employs the sibilant ś-, exclusively;hence śakāra- according to to some, is for, " śa-kāra-", one who uses the letter śa-)

śakaṭanīḍa

n. the interior of a cart

saketa

mfn. (s/a--) having the same intention

sakh

sakhyati- (invented to serve as the source of sakhi- q.v under1. sac-).

śākhā

f. a branch or school of the veda- (each school adhering to its own traditional text and interpretation;in the caraṇa-vyūha-, a work by śaunaka- treating of these various schools, five śākhā-s are enumerated of the ṛg-- veda-, viz. those of the śākala-s, bāṣkala-s, āśvalāyana-s, śāṅkhāyana-s, and māṇḍukāyana-s;forty-two or forty-four out of eighty-six of the yajur-veda-, fifteen of which belong to the vājasaneyin-s, including those of the kāṇva-s and mādhyaṃdina-s;twelve out of a thousand said to have once existed of the sāma-veda- and nine of the atharva-- veda-;of all these, however, the ṛg-- veda- is said to be now extant in one only, viz. the śākala-śākhā-, the yajur-veda- in five and partially in six, the sāma-veda- in one or perhaps two, and the atharva-- veda- in one: although the words caraṇa-and śākhā-are sometimes used synonymously, yet caraṇa-properly applies to the sect or collection of persons united in one school, and śākhā-to the traditional text followed, as in the phrase śākhām adhīte-,he recites a particular version of the veda-)

etc.

sakhī

f. a female friend or companion, a woman's confidante

etc.

sakīla

m. one who from sexual weakness causes his wife to have intercourse with another man before cohabiting with her himself

śākinī

f. (see under śākin-) a field or land planted with vegetables or potherbs

śakra

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

śakrabīja

n. the seed of Wrightia Antidysenterica

śakrāhya

m. (?) the seed of Wrightia Antidysenterica

śakrapādapa

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

śakraparyāya

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

śakrāśana

m. " indra-'s food", the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (fabled to have sprung from the drops of amṛta- which fell to the ground from the bodies of rāma-'s monkeys restored to life by indra-)

śakrāśana

n. the seed of Wrightia Antidysenterica

śakravṛkṣa

m. Wrightia Antidysenterica

sakṛdāhṛta

mfn. (interest) paid at one time (not by instalments)

sākṣipraśna

m. interrogation of witnesses

sakta

mfn. fixed or intent upon, directed towards, addicted or devoted to, fond of, engaged in, occupied with (locative case accusative with prati-,or compound)

etc.

saktavya

mfn. (fr. saktu-) intended to serve for grit or to be coarsely ground (as grain).

Va1rtt. 4

śakti

m. Name of a muni- or sage (the eldest of vasiṣṭha-'s hundred sons; according to to

he was father of parāśara-, and was devoured by king kalmāṣa-pāda-, when changed to a man-eating rākṣasa-, in consequence of a curse pronounced upon him by the sage;he is represented as having overcome viśvāmitra- at the sacrifice of king saudāsa-;he is regarded as the author of

; śakti- is also identified with one of the vyāsa-s, and with avalokiteśvara-, and has elsewhere the patronymic jātūkarṇa- and sāṃkṛti-)

śaktigraha

mf(ā-)n. taking hold of the force or meaning (of a word or sentence etc.)

śaktivīra

m. (in śakti- worship) the man who has intercourse with the woman representing śakti-

sākūta

mf(ā-)n. having significance, significant, having meaning, intentionally,

sākūtam

ind. intentionally, emphatically

śakya

mf(ā-)n. explicit, direct, literal (as the meaning of a word or sentence, opp. to lakṣya-and vyaṅgya-)

śakyapratikāra

m. a possible remedy or counter-agent

śalākā

f. any small stake or stick, rod (for stirring etc.), twig (smeared with lime for catching birds), rib (of an umbrella), bar (of a cage or window), chip, splinter, splint, pencil (for painting or applying collyrium)

etc.

śalākā

f. a peg, pin, arrow-head, needle, a probe (used in surgery and sometimes taken as the Name of this branch of, surgery

), any pointed instrument

śalākāyantra

n. (in surgery) a pointed instrument or probe (see above)

śālākya

n. employment of pointed instruments as a branch of surgery (see āyur-veda-)

salilā

f. (in sāṃkhya-) one of the four kinds of ādhyātmikā tuṣṭi- or internal acquiescence (the other three being ambhas-, ogha-,and vṛṣṭi-; see su-pārā-)

salilada

m. "presenter of water", a kind of official

śālivāhana

m. Name of a celebrated sovereign of India (said to be so called either from having ridden on a yakṣa- called śāli-, or from śalī- for śāla-, the Sal tree, śāli-vāhana- being represented as borne on a cross made of that or other wood;he was the enemy of vikramāditya- and institutor of the era now called śaka- q.v;his capital was pratiṣṭhāna- on the godāvarī-)

śālūraka

m. a kind of worm infesting the intestines

śalya

m. anything tormenting or causing pain (as a thorn, sting etc.), or (in med.) any extraneous substance lodged in the body and causing pain (exempli gratia, 'for example' a splinter, pin, stone in the bladder etc.;also applied to the fetus, and, as a branch of medicine, to "the extraction of splinters or extraneous substances")

etc.

śalyāharaṇavidhi

m. "method of extracting splinters etc.", Name of a chapter of the aṣṭāṅga-hṛdaya-saṃhitā-

śalyahṛt

m. "extractor of splinters", a surgeon

śalyakarttṛ

m. "cutter or remover of splinters", a surgeon