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| ā | towards (only in asm/ad /ā-,"towards us")   |
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| ā | (with a preceding locative case) in, at, on (As an adverb after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (exempli gratia, 'for example' tr/ir /ā div/as-,"quite or fully three times a day"; mahim/ā vām /indrāgnī p/aniṣṭha-, /ā-,"your greatness, O indra- and agni-, is most praiseworthy indeed", etc.) |
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| abhigam | -gacchati-, to go near to, approach (with accusative) ; to follow ; to meet with, find ; to cohabit (said of men and women) ; to undertake ; to get, gain, obtain etc. ; (with m/anasā-,or medh/ayā-or h/ṛdayena-) to understand : Causal -gamayati-, to study |
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| abhimad | (p. -m/ādyat-) to be inebriated (see abhi--1. mand-below.) |
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| abhisaṃci | A1. -cinute-, (Opt. 1. sg. -cinvīya-) to pile up (the sacrificial fire) for the benefit of (one's self, ātm/ānam-) |
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| abhiṣṭi | m. (s-t/i-,fr.1. as- see 1. plural s-m/as-,etc.) an assistant, protector ["one who is superior or victorious" ], (generally said of indra-) |
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| abhyam | abhy-/amīti- ( [quoted in ; see also ];2. sg. -/amīṣi-;3. plural subjunctive -am/anti-and imperfect tense A1. -/amanta-) to advance violently against, pain, hurt |
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| abrahman | mfn. not a brahm/an- |
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| ācyu | Causal P. (1. plural -cyāvayāmas-,or masi-;2. sg. -cyāvayasi-and imperative ya-) to cause or induce to come near : Intensive P. (imperfect tense -acucyavīt-,3. plural vuḥ-) to cause to flow over, pour out : P. and A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural -acucyavuḥ-: A1.1. plural -cucyuvīm/ahi-,3. plural -cucyavīrata-) to cause or induce to come near |
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| adhamarṇa | etc. See adham/a-. |
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| agnivat | mfn. being near the fire (= -m/at- q.v) |
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| akalpa | mf(ā-)n. not admitting (any comparison pratim/ānam-) |
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| akāmin | mfn. equals a-kām/a-. |
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| ākṛ | -kṛṇoti- (imperative 2. sg. P. -kṛdhi-and A1. -kṛṇuṣva-; perf. A1. -cakre-) to bring near or towards : A1. (subjunctive 1. plural -karāmahe-; imperfect tense -akṛṇuta-, perf. -cakre-, parasmE-pada -cakrāṇ/a-) to drive near or together (as cows or cattle) : P. (imperative 2. sg. -kṛdhi-; ind.p. -k/ṛtya-) to drive near ; (perf. 1. plural -cakrim/ā-) to serve or prepare a sacrifice to (dative case) ; (imperfect tense ākarot-) to call near (a deity) : Causal -kārayati-, to call near, invite to a place ; to ask any one (accusative) for anything (accusative) : Desiderative -cikīrṣati-, to intend to accomplish : Intensive parasmE-pada -c/arikrat-, attracting repeatedly towards one's self |
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| am | amati-, to go ; to go to or towards ; to serve or honour ; to sound ; (Imper. A1.2. sg. amīṣva-; Aorist āmīt-; see abhy-am-) to fix, render firm ; (perf. p. accusative sg. emuṣ/am-for emiv/āṃsam-) to be pernicious or dangerous : Causal ām/ayati- (imperfect tense /āmayat-; Aorist subjunctive āmamat-) to be afflicted or sick (see /an-āmayat-). |
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| amāhaṭha | See 1. am/ā-. |
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| amasa | m. time (see 1. amata-and 3. am/ati-.) |
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| amātya | m. (4) (fr. 1. am/ā- see ) inmate of the same house, belonging to the same house or family |
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| amātya | See 1. am/ā- |
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| amāvasī | etc. See 1. am/ā-. |
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| amāvāsyā | f. (scilicet rātri-;fr.5. vas-,"to dwell", with am/ā-,"together") the night of new moon (when the sun and moon"dwell together") , the first day of the first quarter on which the moon is invisible etc. |
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| ameṣṭa | See 1. am/ā-. |
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| āmṛj | P. -mṛjati-, to wipe away or off ; to rub, clean etc.: Intensive (parasmE-pada -m/armṛjat- ) to smooth, polish, clean. |
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| antama | mfn. ([once antam/a- ]) next, nearest |
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| anumṛj | to rub lengthways for polishing or cleaning etc. Intensive participle -m/armṛjāna-, stretching (the arms) repeatedly towards |
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| anuyam | (3. plural -yacchanti-;Imper. -yacchatu-; parasmE-pada fem. -y/acchamānā-) to direct, guide, give a direction to ; (perf. 3. plural -yemuḥ- A1.3. dual number -yem/āte-) to follow |
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| apamā | (ind.p. -m/āya-; see ) to measure off, measure |
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| ārabh | P. (only perfect tense 1. plural -rarabhm/ā- ) A1. -rabhate- (pf -rebhe-,etc.;Inf. -r/abham-and -r/abhe- ) to lay or take hold of, keep fast, cling to etc. ; to gain a footing ; to enter, reach, attain ; to undertake, commence, begin etc. ; to make, produce ; to form, compose etc.: Intensive (perfect tense /ā-r/arabhe-) to cling to |
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| arcimat | mfn. (m. dual number -m/antā-) shining, blazing |
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| aryamagṛhapati | (aryam/a--) mfn. having aryaman- as gṛhapati- (i.e. as keeper of the precedence in a grand sacrifice) |
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| as | cl.2 P. /asti- (2. sg. /asi-,1. sg. /asmi-; plural sm/asi-or sm/as-, sth/a-, s/anti-;(rarely A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' 1.pl. smahe- ); subjunctive /asat-;Imper. astu-,2. sg. edhi-(fr. as-dhi- confer, compare ); Potential sy/āt-; imperfect tense /āsīt-,rarely ās-[only in ; confer, compare ]; perf. 1. and 3.sg, /āsa-,2. sg. /āsitha-,3. plural ās/uḥ-; parasmE-pada m. s/at- f. sat/ī-) to be, live, exist, be present ; to take place, happen ; to abide, dwell, stay ; to belong to (genitive case or dative case) ; to fall to the share of. happen to any one (genitive case) ; to be equal to (dative case) ; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative case) ; to become etc., (confer, compare ) ; to be (id est used as copula, but not only with adjective (cf. mfn.),but also with adverb [ exempli gratia, 'for example' tūṣṇīm āsīt- ],and often with participle,[ exempli gratia, 'for example' perf. Passive voice parasmE-pada prasthitāḥ sma- ; future past participle hantavyo 'smi- ; fut.p. especially with Potential,and only in y/adi dāsy/an-t-sy/āt-,"if he should intend to give"];the perfect tense āsa-helps to form the periphrastic perf. , and asmi-etc. the future); ([ confer, compare Greek Latin es-t; Gothic is-t; Lithuanian es-ti.]) |
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| asma | (fr. a-sma-), a pronominal base from which some forms (dative case /asmai-,or asm/ai- ablative asim/āt- locative case asmin-) of id/am- (q.v) are formed |
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| asma | also the base of the first person plural accusative asm/ān- ([= ]), instrumental case asm/ābhis- dative case asm/abhyam- ablative asm/at-, in later, language also asmat-tas- ([ etc.]) genitive case asm/ākam- ([exceptionally asm/āka- ]) locative case asm/āsu- |
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| asmad | also by native grammarians considered to be the base of the cases asm/ān- etc. (See above) . |
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| asmadrāta | (asm/ad--) mfn. given by us |
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| aśmamaya | mf(ī-)n. (equals aśman-m/aya- q.v) made of stone |
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| aśman | m. (once aśm/an- ) , a stone, rock etc. |
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| aśmanmaya | mf(ī-)n. made of stone (see aśma-m/aya-.) |
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| asmatpreṣita | (asm/at--) mfn. sent or driven towards us |
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| asmatsakhi | (asm/at--) m(Nominal verb khā-)fn. having us as friends |
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| asyavāmīya | n. the hymn beginning with the words asy/a vām/asya- () |
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| ātmakṛta | mfn. (ātm/a--) done or committed against one's self |
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| ātman | m. (variously derived fr. an-,to breathe; at-,to move; vā-,to blow; see tm/an-) the breath |
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| ātman | m. the individual soul, self, abstract individual [ exempli gratia, 'for example' ātm/an- (Ved. locative case) dhatte-, or karoti-,"he places in himself", makes his own ; ātmanā akarot-,"he did it himself" ; ātmanā vi-yuj-,"to lose one's life" ; ātman- in the sg. is used as reflexive pronoun for all three persons and all three genders exempli gratia, 'for example' ātmānaṃ sā hanti-,"she strikes herself"; putram ātmanaḥ spṛṣṭvā nipetatuḥ-,"they two having touched their son fell down" ; see also below sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ātmanā- ] |
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| ātmasammita | mfn. (ātm/a--) corresponding to the person |
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| avamā | (ind.p. -m/āya-) to measure off |
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| avamuc | P. (parasmE-pada -muñc/at-) to loosen ; to let go ; (ind.p. -mucya-) to unharness ; (generally ind.p. -mucya-) to take off (as a garment etc.) etc.: A1. (parasmE-pada -muñc/am/ana-) to liberate one's self from, strip off |
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| āvṛ | A1. (/ā-vṛṇe- ;1. plural -vṛṇīm/ahe-) P. (-v/arat- ) to choose, desire, prefer ; to fulfil, grant (a wish) |
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| ayakṣmatāti | (ayakṣm/a-.) f. health |
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| ayātayāmatā | (ayācayām/a--) f. unweakened strength, freshness and |
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| ayomaya | mf(ī-)n. made of iron (Vedic or Veda ayas-m/aya- q.v) |
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| bāra | m. or n. (?) an opening, aperture (See jihm/a--and nīc/īna-b-). |
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| bhīmasena | m. (bhīm/a--) "having a formidable army", Name of a deva-gandharva- |
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| bhīmasena | m. of the second son of pāṇḍu- (see bhīm/a-) |
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| bhṛti | f. ( also bh/ṛti-) bearing, carrying, bringing, fetching (See idhm/a-bh-) |
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| bhuj | cl.7 P.A1. () bhun/akti-, bhuṅkt/e- (rarely cl.6 P. A1. bhuñjati-, te- ;3. plural A1. bhuñjat/e- ; Potential P. bhuñjīyāt- ; perfect tense A1. bubhuj/e-, jm/ahe-, jrir/e- plural P. juḥ- ; Aorist abhaukṣīt-, abhnkta- grammar; bh/ojam-, bh/ojate-, bhujema- ; bhukṣiṣīya- ; future bhokṣyati-, te- etc.; bhoktā- ; infinitive mood bh/ojase-, bh/ujam-, bhuje- : bhoktum- etc.; ind.p. bhuktvā-or bhuṅktvā- ) . to enjoy, use, possess, (especially) enjoy a meal, eat, eat and drink, consume (mostly A1.;in Vedic or Veda generally with instrumental case,later with accusative) etc. ; to enjoy (carnally) ; to make use of, utilize, exploit etc. ; (with pṛthivīm-, mahīm-etc.) to take possession of, rule, govern etc. ; to suffer, experience, undergo, be requited or rewarded for (accusative) or at the hands of (genitive case) etc. ; (P.) to be of use or service to (accusative) ; to pass, live through, last (a time) ; (in astronomy) to pass through, fulfil : Passive voice bhujyate- (Aorist abhoji-), to be enjoyed or eaten or possessed or made use of etc.: Causal bhojayati- (te-, mc.; confer, compare ;once bhuñjāpayati- varia lectio; Aorist abūbhujat-, jata- grammar), to cause to enjoy or eat, feed with (two accusative or accusative of Persian and instrumental case of thing; confer, compare ) etc. ; etc. ; to use as food : Desiderative bubhukṣati- (once), te-, to wish to eat, be hungry ; to wish to enjoy or partake of (confer, compare bubhukṣā-, kṣita-, kṣu-): Intensive bobhujyate-, to be eaten frequently ; bobhokti- and bobhujīti-, to eat or enjoy frequently grammar ([ confer, compare Latin fungor.]) |
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| bhūman | (bhūm/an-) m. abundance, plenty, wealth, opulence, multitude, majority etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' filled with ) |
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| brahman | m. (brahm/an-), one who Prays, a devout or religious man, a Brahman who is a knower of Vedic texts or spells, one versed in sacred knowledge etc. ([ confer, compare Latin,fla1men]) |
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| brāhmī | f. (of brāhm/a- q.v) the śakti- or personified energy of brahmā- (regarded as one of the 8 mātṛ-s or divine mothers of created beings;in they are said to attend skanda-) |
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| brahmiṣṭha | mfn. (superl. fr. brahm/an-) a Brahman in the highest degree (as a Name of bṛhaspati- or prajā-pati- and of very learned and pious Brahmans or princes) etc. |
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| brahmīyas | mfn. (Comparative degree fr. brahm/an-) more or most devout or skilled in sacred knowledge |
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| ca | ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= , Latin que,placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes;when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form(exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ava ca m/ama ca-[not te ca me ca-],"both of thee and me") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented ;it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences;in the double ca-occurs more frequently than the single(exempli gratia, 'for example' ah/aṃ ca tv/aṃ ca-,"I and thou", );the double ca-may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit(exempli gratia, 'for example' kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te-,"where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?");in later literature, however, the first ca-is more usually omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' ahaṃ tvaṃ ca-),and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca-is often found(exempli gratia, 'for example' tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā-,"in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position");elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca-is placed after some and omitted after others(exempli gratia, 'for example' ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī-,"the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river");in Vedic or Veda and even in class. Sanskrit[ ] , when the double ca-would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' indraś ca soma-,"both indra- [and thou] soma-"; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ-,"both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united");with lexicographers ca-may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed(exempli gratia, 'for example' kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ-,"the word karaka-has the meaning "pitcher"and other meanings");sometimes ca-is equals eva-,even, indeed, certainly, just(exempli gratia, 'for example' su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam-,"even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name"; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ-,"as great as they [were] just so great was he");occasionally ca-is disjunctive,"but","on the contrary","on the other hand","yet","nevertheless"(varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ-,"better the two first but not the last"; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ-,"this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs"); ca-ca-,though-yet ; ca-na ca-,though - yet not ; ca-- na tu-(varia lectio nanu-) idem or 'm. the letter or sound ca-.', ; na ca-- ca-,though not - yet ; ca-may be used for vā-,"either","or"(exempli gratia, 'for example' iha cāmutra vā-,"either here or hereafter"; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam-,"either a woman or a man or any other being") , and when a negative particle is joined with ca-the two may then be translated by"neither","nor";occasionally one ca-or one na-is omitted(exempli gratia, 'for example' na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum-,"I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon"; na pūrvāhṇe nā ca parāhṇe-,"neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon"); ca-ca-may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence(exempli gratia, 'for example' mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ-,"no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god", ); ca-is sometimes equals ced-,"if"(confer, compare ;the verb is accented) ; ca-may be used as an expletive(exempli gratia, 'for example' anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca-,"and with other sacrifices"); ca-is often joined to an adverb like eva-, api-, tathā-, tathaiva-,etc., either with or without a negative particle(exempli gratia, 'for example' vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ-,"one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy");(See eva-, api-,etc.) For the meaning of ca-after an interrogativeSee 2. k/a-,2. kath/ā-, k/im-, kv/a-); ([ confer, compare , Latin que,pe(innempeetc.); Gothic uh; Zend ca; Old Persian ca1.]) |
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| cana | ind. (ca n/a- ) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force;a preceding verb is accentuated[ ];in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other negative particle, whereas in the later language another negative is usually added exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpaś can/apr/a minanti vrat/aṃ vāṃ-,"not even the waters violate your ordinance" ; n/āha vivyāca pṛthiv/ī can/āinaṃ-,"the earth even does not contain him", iii, 36, 4;in class. Sanskrit it is only used after the interrogatives k/a-, katar/a-, katam/a-, katham-, k/ad-, kad/ā-, kim-, k/utas-, kva-,making them indefinite) etc. also |
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| candramas | m. (dr/a--) (mas- equals m/ās-; gaRa dāsī-bhārādi-) the moon, deity of the moon (considered as a dānava- ;named among the 8 vasu-s ) etc. |
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| chinna | f. equals nnodbhavā- (see /a--, reṣm/a--). |
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| dadhyac | m. (Nominal verb -/aṅ- accusative -/añcam-; dative case dhīc/e- genitive case dhīc/as-; see ) "sprinkling d/adhi- " (see dhi-kr/ā-and ghṛtāī-) Name of a mythical ṛṣi- or sacrificer ( and [called aṅgiras-] [ āṅgirasa-] ;son of atharvan-[ see ātharvaṇ/a-] ;having the head of a horse and teaching the aśvin-s to find in tvaṣṭṛ-'s house the m/adhu-or soma- ;favoured by indra- [ ] who slays 99 vṛtra-s or foes with a thunderbolt made of his bones ;propounder of the brāhmaṇa- called m/adhu- ) |
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| dalmi | m. () indra- (see darm/a-) |
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| dam | cl.4. dāmyati- (; ind.p. dāntvā-and damitvā-, ; Aorist Passive voice adami-, ;P. mit- ) to be tamed or tranquillised (imperative d/āmyata-) ; to tame, subdue, conquer (ind.p. damitvā-) : cl.9. irreg. (? subjunctive 2. sg. d/anas-) idem or 'mfn. ' : Causal damayati- (parasmE-pada m/ayat-; A1. ) to subdue, overpower ; Desiderative See dān- ; ([ confer, compare , ; Latin domareetc.]) |
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| dama | m. self-command, self-restraint, self-control (m/a-,but see ) etc. |
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| darvihomin | mfn. offering m/a- |
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| dasmatama | (sm/a--) mfn. most wonderful, . |
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| dasmavarcas | (sm/a--) mfn. of wonderful appearance |
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| dasra | See dasm/a-. |
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| dasyu | m. ( das-) enemy of the gods (exempli gratia, 'for example' ś/ambara-, ś/uṣṇa-, c/umuri-, dh/uni-;all conquered by indra-, agni-, etc.), impious man (called a-śraddh/a-, a-yajñ/a-, /a-yajyu-, /a-pṛnat-, a-vrat/a-, anya-vrata-, a-karm/an-), barbarian (called a-n/ās-,or an-/ās-"ugly-faced", /adhara-,"inferior", /a-mānuṣa-,"inhuman"), robber (called dhan/in-) etc. |
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| dasyuhan | m. (Nominal verb h/ā- instrumental case ghn/ā-)fn. destroying the dasyu-s (indra- i, ; indra-'s gift, x, 47, 4; many/u-,83, 3; m/anas-,iv, 16, 10) |
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| dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] |
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| dham | or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te- ; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas- ; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire- ; Aorist adhmāsīt- ; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati- ; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya- ) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma- ]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument) etc. ; to blow into (locative case) ; to breathe out, exhale ; to kindle a fire by blowing ; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing etc. ; to blow or cast away : Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- ( ) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati- (Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate- ) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder : Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate- ; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell) [ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"] |
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| dhiti | f. See nem/a--, mitr/a--, van/a--, v/asu--. |
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| dhūmagandhi | mfn. (m/a--) smelling of smoke |
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| dhūmaketu | mfn. (m/a--) having smoke as banner or sign (agni- ;the sun ) |
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| dhūmarakta | (m/a-) mfn. coloured with smoke |
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| dhūmatānta | (m/a--) mfn. choked by smoke |
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| drāghman | m. equals ghim/an- |
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| dṛś | m. knowing, discerning etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' see āyurveda-d-, diṣṭa-d-, pṛthag-d-, m/antra-d-, sama-d-, sarva-d-, sūryad-) |
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| duh | (originally dugh- see d/ughāna-, dugha-etc., and the initial dh-of some forms) cl.2 P.A1. dogdhi- ; dugdhe- or duh/e- etc. (plural A1. duhat/e-, ; duhrate-, ; duhr/e-, ; imperfect tense P. /adhok-, ; duh/ur- ; A1. adugdha-[according to Aorist ] plural aduhra-,i sg. aduha- plural hra- [ see ]; imperative dhukṣva- sg. duh/ām- ; plural duhr/ām-, r/atām- ; dhuṅgdhvam- ; subjunctive dohat-[3 plural hān- ], hate- ; Potential duhīyat- ; y/an-, ; A1. hīta-, ; parasmE-pada P. duh/at- A1. duhān/a-, d/uhāna-,and d/ugh- ; cl.6 P. A1. duh/ati-, te- etc.; cl.4. duhyati-, te- ; perfect tense dud/oha-[ hitha- ], duduh/e-,3 plural duduhur-[ dudūhur- ] etc.; A1. duduhre- [ hrire-]; future dhokṣyati-, te- ; Aorist /adhukṣat-, ṣata-[3 sg. plural ], adukṣat-, ; dukṣata-,3 sg. ; imperative dhukṣ/asva- ; Potential dhukṣīm/ahi- ; infinitive mood dogdhum- etc.; dogdhos- ; duh/adhyai-and doh/ase- ; ind.p. dugdhvā- ) to milk (a cow or an udder) figuratively take advantage of (see) , enjoy ; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, soma- exempli gratia, 'for example' any good thing) ; draw anything out of another thing (with 2 accusative) etc. ; (mostly A1.) to give milk, yield any desired object (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. etc.: Passive voice duhy/ate- Aorist adohi- ( ) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from etc.: Causal doh/ayati-, te- Aorist adūduhat- Passive voice dohy/ate-, to cause to milk or be milked ; to milk, milk out, extract : Desiderative d/udukṣati- (), dudhukṣati- ( see dudhukṣu-), to wish to milk. |
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| dūram | ind. dūraṃgama ṃ-gam/a- mfn. going far away |
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| gam | Ved. cl.1 P. g/amati- (; subjunctive gamam-, g/amat-[ gamātas-, gamātha- ], gamāma-, gaman- ; Potential gam/ema- ; infinitive mood g/amadhyai- ) : cl.2 P. g/anti- (; imperative 3. sg. gantu-,[2. sg. gadhi-See ā--,or gahi-See adhi--, abhy-ā--, ā--, upā--],2. plural g/antā-or gantana- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /agan-[ ] , 1. plural /aganma-[ ; confer, compare ] , 3. plural /agman- ; subjunctive [or Aorist subjunctive confer, compare ]1. plural ganma-,3. plural gm/an- ; Potential 2. sg. gamyās- ; preceding 3. sg. gamy/ās- ; pr. p. gm/at-, ) : cl.3 P. jaganti- (; Potential jagamyām-, yāt- ; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. ajagan-,2. plural ajaganta-or tana- ) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1. etc.) , with substitution of gacch- ([= ]) for gam-, g/acchati- (confer, compare ; subjunctive gācchāti- ;2. sg. gacchās-[ ] or gacchāsi-[ ];2. plural gacchāta- ;3. plural g/acchān- ; imperfect tense /agacchat-; Potential gacchet-; pr. p. g/acchat- etc.; Aorist agamat- ;for A1.with prepositions confer, compare future gamiṣyati- etc.; 1st future g/antā-[ ] etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā-[ ],3. sg. jagāma-,2. dual number jagmathur-,3. plural jagm/ur- etc.; parasmE-pada jaganv/as-[ etc.] or jagmivas- f. jagm/uṣī- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood g/antave-, g/antav/ai-;Class. infinitive mood gantum-:Ved. ind.p. gatvāya-, gatv/ī-;Class. ind.p. gatv/ā-[ etc.] , with prepositions -gamya-or -gatya- ) to go, move, go away, set out, come etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with accusative or locative case or dative case [ ; confer, compare ] or prati-[ ]) etc. ; to go or pass (as time exempli gratia, 'for example' kāle gacchati-,time going on, in the course of time) ; to fall to the share of (accusative) etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack ; to decease, die ; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (accusative) etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (exempli gratia, 'for example' mitratāṃ gacchati-,"he goes to friendship" id est he becomes friendly) etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṃ-gam-,"to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down ; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-gam-,"to go to the earth with the head", make a bow ; m/anasā-gam-, to go with the mind, observe, perceive ; (without m/anasā-) to observe, understand, guess ; (especially Passive voice gamyate-,"to be understood or meant") and ; doṣeṇa- or doṣato-gam-, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (accusative) : Causal gamayati- (; imperative 2. sg. Ved. gamayā-or gāmaya-[ ] , 3. sg. gamayatāt- ; perf. gamay/āṃ cakāra- etc.) to cause to go ( ) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dative case ), bring to a place (accusative [ ] or locative case) etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become etc. ; to impart, grant ; to send away ; "to let go", not care about ; to excel ; to spend time etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain ; to convey an idea or meaning, denote ; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (accusative) to go by means of jigamiśati- another : Desiderative j/igamiṣati- ( jigāṃsate- ; imperfect tense ajigāṃsat- ) to wish to go, be going ; to strive to obtain ; to wish to bring (to light, prak/āśam-) : Intensive j/aṅganti- (), jaṅgamīti- or jaṅgamyate- ( ), to visit (parasmE-pada g/anigmat-) (imperfect tense aganīgan-) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic qvam; English come; Latin venioforgvemio.]) |
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| gam | genitive case ablative gm/as- See 2. kṣ/am-. |
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| gautami | m. patronymic fr. m/a- |
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| gautamī | f. of m/a- q.v |
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| gharmasvaras | (rm/a--) mfn. sounding like the contents of a boiler (said of rivers) |
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| gharmasveda | (rm/a--) mfn. perspiring with heat, . |
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| gharmavat | (rm/a--) mfn. possessed of heat (indra-) |
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| gharmavicarcikā | f. equals gharm/a-carcikā- |
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| gmā | f. "the earth"(a form drawn fr. gm/as- ablative genitive case of 2. kṣ/am- q.v) |
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| gman | See pṛthu-gm/an-. |
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| gonāmika | mfn. "called after the go-nām/a- formulas ", Name of |
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| gopājihva | mfn. "having (the tongue id est) the voice of a cowherd " [the proposes to read gop/ājihm/asya-instead of gop/ā-jihvasya-] |
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| gotama | m. of a lawyer (see gautam/a-) |
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| grah | ([ in a few passages only etc.]) or grabh- ([ ;rarely ]) cl.9 P. gṛbhṇāti- gṛhṇ/āti- (also A1. gṛhṇīte-,irreg. gṛhṇate- ;3. plural gṛbhṇate- ; imperative 2. sg. gṛhāṇ/a-,[ ṇ/ā-, saṃhitā-pāṭha-, parasmE-pada Passive voice Nominal verb plural n. ] etc.; gṛbhṇān/a-& gṛhṇ-[Ved.]; gṛhṇa- ; -gṛhṇāhi-, -gṛbhṇīhi-See prati-grabh-; A1. gṛbhṇīṣva-[ ] or gṛhṇ-;3. sg. P. gṛhṇītāt-;Ved. imperative gṛbhāy/a-etc.See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ya- confer, compare gṛhaya-; perf. jagrāha- etc.;1. sg. gr/abhā- ; gṛbhm/a- ; A1. gṛhe-, ;3. plural gṛbhr/e-& gṛbhrir/e- ; P. Potential gṛbhyāt-, ; parasmE-pada gṛbhv/as-, ; future 2nd grahīṣyati-, te- etc.[ confer, compare ];sometimes wrongly spelt gṛh- ; grahiṣy- ; Conditional agrahaiṣyat- ; future 1st grahītā- ; Aorist agrabham- ; bhīt- etc.; hīt-[ ] etc.; -/ajagrabhīt-etc.See saṃ-grah-; subjunctive 2. plural grabhīṣṭa- ; A1. agrahīṣṭa- ; aghṛkṣata- [not in ];Ved. 3. plural agṛbhran-[ ] and agṛbhīṣata-; ind.p. gṛbhītv/ā- ; gṛhītv/ā-, ; grahāya- ; infinitive mood grahītum-[ etc.; confer, compare ;wrongly spelt gṛh- ]; Passive voice gṛhyate-[ future 1st grahītā-or grāhitā- future 2nd grahīṣyate-or grāhiṣy- Aorist agrāhi-,3. dual number agrahīṣātām-or agrāhiṣ- ];Ved. subjunctive 3. plural gṛhyāntai- on ;Ved. Passive voice 3. sg. gṛhate-[ ]or gṛhe-[ ] or gṛhaye-[ ; confer, compare gṛhaya-]; subjunctive 1. plural gṛhāmahi- ; Potential gṛhīta- ) to seize, take (by the hand, pāṇau-or kare-,exceptionally pāṇim-(double accusative) ; confer, compare ), grasp, lay hold of (exempli gratia, 'for example' pakṣaṃ-,to take a side, adopt a party ; pāṇim-,"to take by the hand in the marriage ceremony", marry etc.) etc. ; to arrest, stop ; to catch, take captive, take prisoner, capture, imprison etc. ; to take possession of, gain over, captivate ; to seize, overpower (especially said of diseases and demons and the punishments of varuṇa-) etc. ; to eclipse ; to abstract, take away (by robbery) ; to lay the hand on, claim ; to gain, win, obtain, receive, accept (from ablative,rarely genitive case), keep etc. (with double accusative ) ; to acquire by purchase (with instrumental case of the price) etc. ; to choose ; to choose any one (accusative) as a wife ; to take up (a fluid with any small vessel), draw water ; to pluck, pick, gather ; to collect a store of anything ; to use, put on (clothes) i etc. ; to assume (a shape) ; to place upon (instrumental case or locative case) ; to include ; to take on one's self, undertake, undergo, begin etc. ; to receive hospitably (a guest), take back (a divorced wife) ; "to take into the mouth", mention, name etc. ; to perceive (with the organs of sense or with m/anas-), observe, recognise etc. ; (in astronomy) to observe ; to receive into the mind, apprehend, understand, learn ; (in astronomy) to calculate ; to accept, admit, approve ; to obey, follow ; to take for, consider as etc. ; (Passive voice) to be meant by (instrumental case) and Scholiast or Commentator : Causal grāhayati-, to cause to take or seize or lay hold of ; to cause to take (by the hand[ pāṇim-]in the marriage ceremony) ; to cause to marry, give away a girl (accusative) in marriage to any one (accusative) ; to cause any one to be captured ; to cause any one to be seized or overpowered (as by varuṇa-'s punishments or death etc.) ; to cause to be taken away ; to make any one take, deliver anything (accusative) over to any one (accusative; exempli gratia, 'for example' āsanam-with accusative"to cause to take a seat, bid any one to sit down") ; to make any one choose (Aorist ajigrahat-) ; to make any one learn, make acquainted or familiar with (accusative) etc.: Desiderative jighṛkṣati- (confer, compare ), also te-, to be about to seize or take ; to be about to eclipse ; to be about to take away ; to desire to perceive (with the organs of sense), strive to apprehend or recognise : Intensive jarīgṛhyate- ; ([ confer, compare Zend gerep,geurv; Gothic greipa; German greife; Lithuanian gre1bju; Slavonic or Slavonian grablju1; Hibernian or Irish grabaim,"I devour, stop."]) |
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| graiṣma | mf(ī- gaRa utsādi-)n. (fr. grīṣm/a-) relating to or belonging to the summer iv etc. |
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| gṛha | m. (m. sg. and plural,in later language m. plural and n. sg.) a house, habitation, home (mṛn-m/aya g-,"house of earth", grave, ) (adhar/ād g-,"the lower world", ) etc. |
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| heman | (See him/a-and next), winter (only used in locative case,"in the winter") |
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| him | (only in instrumental case him/ā-), col d, frost, hoar-frost, snow |
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| himā | f. (him/ā-), night |
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| hiṃs | (originally Desiderative of han-) cl.1.7. P. () hiṃsati-, hin/asti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. hiṃsate-, h/iṃste-;2. sg. hiṃsi-for hinassi- ; perfect tense jihiṃsa-, sim/a-, jīhiṃsīh- ; Aorist ahiṃsīt-, hiṃsīt- etc.; future hiṃsita- grammar; hiṃsiṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood hiṃsitum-[Ved. also h/iesitoḥ-] ; ind.p. hiṃsitv/ā- ; -hiṃsya- ), to injure, harm, wound, kill, destroy etc. etc.: Passive voice hiṃsyate- (Aorist ahiṃsi-), to be injured or killed (in /a-hiṃsyamāna-) etc.: Causal or cl.10 P. () hiṃsayati- (Aorist ajihiṃsat-), to injure, harm, kill, slay : Desiderative j/ihiṃsiṣati-, to wish to injure etc. : Intens, jehiṃsyate-, jehiṃsti- grammar |
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| hve | cl.1 P. A1. () hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve- ; hvāmahe- ; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi- ; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense] ; hvayāna- ; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e- ; juhuve-, huhurire- ; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre- ; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta- ] etc. etc.; ahvi- ; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata- ; ahvāsīt-[?] ; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te- ; hvāsyate- ; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight") etc. ; to emulate, vie with : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc. : Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case) : Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna- ) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .] |
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| idam | ay/am-, iy/am-, id/am- (fr. id- ; gaRa sarvādi- ;a kind of neut. of the pronominal base 3. i-with am-[ confer, compare Latin is,ea,id,andidem];the regular forms are partly derived from the pronominal base a-;See grammar 224;the veda- exhibits various irregular formations exempli gratia, 'for example' fr. pronominal base a-,an inst. en/ā-, ay/ā-[used in general adverbially], and genitive case locative case dual number ay/os-,and perhaps also av/os-,in [ ];fr. the base ima-,a genitive case singular im/asya-,only ;the has in a few instances the irregular accentuation /asmai-, ; /asya-, ; /ābhis-, : the forms derived fr. a-are used enclitically if they take the place of the third personal pronoun, do not stand at the beginning of a verse or period, and have no peculiar stress laid upon them) , this, this here, referring to something near the speaker |
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| iddha | idhm/a- etc. See indh-. |
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| idhmabhṛti | (idhm/a-) mfn. bringing fuel |
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| idhmavat | (idhm/a-) mfn. furnished or provided with fuel ([misprinted idhya-]). |
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| ima | the base of some cases of the demonstrative pronoun id/am- q.v (accusative sg. m. im/am- f. im/ām-; Nominal verb plural m. im/e-,etc.;irregular genitive case sg. im/asya- [once]) . |
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| īrma | ind. or īrm/ā- in this place, here, to this place |
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| īrman | m. = īrm/a-2 above |
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| jaihmi | m. patronymic fr. jihm/a- (varia lectio) |
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| jaihmya | n. (fr. jihm/a-) "crookedness", deceit, falsehood |
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| jam | jmā-, jm/as-. See 2. kṣ/arm-. |
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| jam | (derived fr. jam/ad-agni-) cl.1. j/amati-, to go ; to eat : Intensive parasmE-pada jājamat- consuming continually |
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| jamadagnidatta | (m/ad-) mfn. given by jamadagni- |
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| jamat | mfn. (derived fr. m/ad-agni-) equals jvalat- |
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| jambha | f. see ku--, t/apur-., tigm/a--, tṛṣṭa--, vīl/u-- |
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| jāni | mfn. see arundhatī-, bh/adray/uva-, v/i--, vitt/a--, sum/aj--, sapt/a-- |
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| jhāmaka | n. (fr. kṣām/a-) a burnt or vitrified brick |
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| jihva | m. see dv/i--, m/adhu--, su-- |
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| jman | (only locative case jm/an-) equals kṣ/āman- (see jm/ā-, jm/as- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 2. ksk/am-) |
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| jyotis | n. light (of the sun, dawn, fire, lightning, etc.;also plural), brightness (of the sky) etc. (tr/īṇi jy/otīṃṣi-,light appearing in the 3 worlds, viz. on earth, in the intermediate region, and in the sky or heaven [the last being called uttam/a- ;or /uttara-, ;or tṛt/īya- ] ;also personified as"fire"on earth,"ether or air"in the intermediate region, and"sun"in the sky ;"fire, sun and moon") |
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| kalmāṣagrīva | (kalm/āṣa--) mfn. having a variegated neck |
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| kāma | m. (fr.2. kam-;once kām/a- ), wish, desire, longing (kāmo me bhuñjīta bhavān-,my wish is that you should eat ), desire for, longing after (genitive case dative case,or locative case), love, affection, object of desire or of love or of pleasure etc. |
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| kārmāra | m. equals karm/āra-, a mechanic, smith |
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| kaya | (Ved. for 2. ka-;only genitive case sg. with cid-), every one (exempli gratia, 'for example' n/i ṣ/ū nam/ātimatiṃ k/ayasya cit-,bow well down the haughtiness of every one ) ([ confer, compare Zend kaya; Armenian ui.]) |
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| kīm | ind. See /ā-kīm-, m/ā-kīm-. |
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| kis | ind. (fr. 1. ki- see n/akis-, m/ākis-), a particle of interrogation,"whether" ([ equals kartṛ-,"a doer" ]) |
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| kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) |
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| krī | cl.9 P. A1. krīṇ/āti-, krīṇīte- (future parasmE-pada kreṣyat- ; ind.p. krīv/ā- ), to buy, purchase (with instrumental case of the price, and ablative or genitive case of the person from whom anything is bought exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a im/am indraṃ daś/abhir dhen/ubhir m/ama krīṇāti-,who will buy this indra- of me for ten cows? ; yam mātā-pitror antikāt-[or sakāśāt-] krīṇīyāt-whom he may buy from his father and mother ; krīṇīṣva tad daśabhiḥ suvarṇaih-,buy that for ten suvarṇa-s): Causal P. krāpayati- ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish creanaim,"I buy, purchase" ; Greek Lithuanian prekis,perku(?); Latin pretium; English hire.]) |
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| kṛṣṭi | f. plural (once only sg. ) men, races of men (sometimes with the epithet m/ānuṣīs-[ ] or n/āhuṣīs-[ ] or mānav/īs-[ ]; see carṣaṇ/i-;originally the word may have meant cultivated ground, then an inhabited land, next its inhabitants, and lastly any race of men; indra- and agni- have the N. r/ājā-or p/atiḥ kṛṣṭīn/ām-;the term p/añca kṛṣṭ/ayas-,perhaps originally designating the five Aryan tribes of the yadu-s, turvaśa-s, druhyu-s, anu-s, and pūru-s, comprehends the whole human race, not only the Aryan tribes) |
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| kṣam | f. (Nominal verb kṣ/ās- accusative kṣ/ām- instrumental case kṣam/ā-once jm/ā-[ ] dative case kṣe-[? ], genitive case ablative gm/as-, jm/as-,once kṣm/as-[ ], locative case kṣ/ami-; dual number Nominal verb kṣ/āmā-[ ; see dy/āva-kṣ/āmā-]; plural Nominal verb kṣāmas-[ ; kṣ/āmīs-fr. mi- ], kṣ/ās-[ ] accusative kṣ/ās-[ ] locative case kṣ/āsu- ) the ground, earth, |
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| kṣmayā | ind. instrumental case (= 1. kṣam/ā-) on the earth |
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| kūṣma | varia lectio for kūśm/a- q.v |
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| kuṣṭha | mn. (fr. 1. ku-+ stha- ) the plant Costus speciosus or arabicus (used as a remedy for the disease called takm/an-) |
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| lakṣma | See deva-lakṣm/a-. |
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| loma | mfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') equals loman- (See aja-lom/a-) |
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| ma | base of the 1st Persian pronoun in accusative sg. m/ām- or mā- |
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| ma | instrumental case m/ayā- |
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| ma | dative case m/ahyam- or me- |
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| ma | ablative m/at- or m/ad- |
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| ma | genitive case m/ama- or me (for the enclitic forms confer, compare ) [ confer, compare s. m/ad-; Zend ma; Greek , Latin me,mihietc.] |
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| mā | a particle of prohibition or negation = Greek , most commonly joined with the Subjunctive id est the augmentless form of a past tense (especially of the Aorist exempli gratia, 'for example' m/ā no vadhīr indra-,do not slay us, O indra- ; mā bhaiṣīḥ-or mā bhaiḥ-,do not be afraid ; tapovana-vāsinām uparodho mā bhūt-,let there not be any disturbance of the inhabitants of the sacred grove ;often also with sma- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā sma gamaḥ-,do not go confer, compare in the sense of,"that not, lest"also yathā mā- exempli gratia, 'for example' yathā mā vo mṛtyuḥ pari-vyatkā iti-,that death may not disturb you, ;or māyathā- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā bhūt kālātyayo yathā-,lest there be any loss of time ; mā na-with Aorist subjunctive = Ind, without a negative exempli gratia, 'for example' mā dviṣo na vadhīr mama-,do slay my enemies confer, compare ;rarely with the augmentless imperfect tense with or without sma- exempli gratia, 'for example' maīnam abhibhāṣathāḥ-,do not speak to him ; mā sma karot-,let him not do it ;exceptionally also with the Ind. of the Aorist exempli gratia, 'for example', mā-, kālas tvām aty-agāt-,may not the season pass by thee ; confer, compare ) |
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| mā | ind. in the veda- often with u- (m/o-) = and not, nor (exempli gratia, 'for example' m/ā magh/onaḥ p/ari khyatam m/oasm/ākam /ṛṣṇām-,do not forget the rich lords nor us the poets ;and then usually followed by ṣ/u- equals s/u- exempli gratia, 'for example' mo ṣ/u ṇaḥ n/irṛtir vadhīt-,let not nirṛtir- on any account destroy us, ) |
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| mā | cl.3 P. m/imāti- (according to to A1. mimīte- mimeti-; Potential mimīyat- ; perfect tense, mimāya-; Aorist /amīmet- subjunctive mīmayat-; infinitive mood m/ātav/ai-), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (especially said of cows, calves, goats etc.) : Intensive , only pr. p. m/emyat-, bleating (as a goat) |
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| mā | cl.2 P. () māti- ; cl.3 A1. () m/imīte- ; cl.4. A1. () māyate- (Ved. and Epic also mimāti- Potential mimīyāt- imperative, mimīhi-; Potential mimet- ; perfect tense mam/au-, mame-, mamir/e- ; Aorist /aināsi- subjunctive masātai- ; amāsīt- grammar; preceding māsīṣṭa-, meyāt- ; future mātā-; māsyati-, māsyate- ; infinitive mood m/e- -m/ai- ; mātum- ; ind.p. mitv/ā-, -m/āya- etc.) , to measure, mete out, mark off etc. ; to measure across = traverse ; to measure (by any standard) , compare with (instrumental case) ; (māti-) to correspond in measure (either with genitive case,"to be large or long enough for";or with locative case,"to find room or be contained in" ;or with na-and instrumental case,"to be beside one's self with" ) ; to measure out, apportion, grant ; to help any one (accusative) to anything (dative case) ; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make ; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta-,"he displayed or developed himself", ) ; (in philosophy) to infer, conclude ; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi-) : Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi-) ; to be measured etc. Causal , māpayati-, te- (Aorist amīmapat- Va1rtt. 2 ), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect etc.: Desiderative mitsati-, te- (confer, compare nir-mā-): Intensive memīyate- [ confer, compare Zend ma1; Greek , ; Latin me1tior,mensus,mensura; Slavonic or Slavonian me8ra; Lithuanian me3ra4.] |
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| mad | (confer, compare mand-) cl.4 P. () m/ādyati- (Epic also te-; Vedic or Veda alsocl.1. P. A1. madati-, te-;cl.3. P. mam/atti-, ttu-, mam/adat-, /amamaduḥ-; Vedic or Veda imperative m/atsi-, sva-; perfect tense mam/āda-; Aorist amādiṣuḥ-, amatsuḥ-, amatta-; subjunctive m/atsati-, sat-; future maditā-, madiṣyati- grammar; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maditos-), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instrumental case genitive case locative case,rarely accusative), be drunk (also figuratively) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors) ; to boil, bubble (as water) ; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire : Causal mād/ayati-, te- (; Aorist /amīmadat-or amamadat-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maday/adhyai-), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire etc. ; (A1.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease ; (A1.) to enjoy heavenly bliss : Desiderative mimadiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmadyate-, māmatti- ([Perhaps originally "to be moist"; confer, compare Greek ; Latin madere.]) |
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| madacyuta | (m/ada-.). mfn. staggering or reeling with intoxication |
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| madavṛddha | (m/ada--) mfn. invigorated or inspired by soma--juice |
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| madhu | mf(ū-or vī-)n. (genitive case n.Ved. m/adhvas-, m/adhos-,or m/adhunas-; instrumental case m/adhvā-; dative case m/adhune-; locative case m/adhau-) sweet, delicious, pleasant, charming, delightful |
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| madhubhāga | (m/adhu--) mfn. whose lot or portion is sweetness |
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| madhudhāna | (m/adhu--) mf(ā-)n. pouring out sweetness |
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| madhuhastya | (m/adhu--) mfn. having honey or sweetness in the hand |
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| madhujihva | (m/adhu-.) mfn. honey -tongued, sweet-tongued, sweetly-speaking |
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| madhuka | m. (m/adh-) Name of a man |
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| madhukūla | (m/adhu--) mf(ā-)n. whose banks consist of butter |
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| madhumat | mfn. containing the word m/adhu- |
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| madhupāṇi | (m/adhu-.) mfn. having sweetness in the hand |
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| madhupratīka | mf(ā-)n. (m/adhu--) having a sweet mouth or sweetness in the mouth |
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| madhupṛṣṭha | (m/adhu--) mfn. whose back or surface consists of sweetness or milk (said of soma-) |
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| madhupsaras | (m/adhu--) mfn. fond of sweetness |
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| madhuśākha | mfn. (m/adhu--) having sweet branches |
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| madhusaṃdṛśa | (m/adhu--) mfn. sweet-looking, appearing lovely |
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| madhusaṃkāśa | (m/adhu--). mf(ā-)n. looking sweet, appearing pleasant |
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| madhuvacas | (m/adhu--) mfn. sweet-voiced, sweetly or friendly speaking |
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| madhuvarṇa | mfn. (m/adhu--) honey-coloured or having an agreeable aspect |
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| madhuvātīya | mf(ā-)n. beginning with the words m/adhu-vātāḥ- () |
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| mādhvaka | vika-, m/ādhvī- See . |
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| madhvañc | mf(dhūcī-)n. formed to explain m/ādhūcī- on |
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| madhvarṇaś | (m/adhv--.) mfn. having sweet springs or waters (said of a river) |
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| madhya | mf(ā-)n. middle (used likemedius exempli gratia, 'for example' m/adhye- samudr/e-,"in the midst of the sea") |
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| madhyama | mf(ā-)n. (superl. of m/adhya-) middle (used like Latin medius exempli gratia, 'for example' madhyame gulme-,"in the midst of the troop") |
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| mādhyaṃdina | mf(ī-)n. (m/ādh-) (fr. madhyaṃ-dina-) belonging to midday, meridional etc. |
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| mādhyamika | mfn. (fr. madhyama-) equals m/adhyamaka- (also applied to a kind of cloth ) |
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| mahasvat | mfn. (m/ahas--) giving pleasure, gladdening |
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| mahāvrata | mf(ā-)n. also used to explain m/ahi-vrata- (q.v) |
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| mahī | f. (see 2. m/ah-),"the great world", the earth (see urvī-, pṛthivī-) etc. etc. (in later language also = ground, soil, land, country) |
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| mahikeru | (m/ahi--) mfn. raising highly (fr.2. kṛ- equals prauḍha-karman-,fr.1. kṛ-). |
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| mahikṣatra | (m/ahi--) mfn. possessing great power |
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| mahimā | f. equals mahim/an-, greatness etc. |
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| mahimagha | (m/ahi--) mfn. rich in oblations or treasures |
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| mahimastava | m. Name of a hymn (see under mahinm/an-). |
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| mahinā | See mahim/an-. |
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| mahiṣa | mf(m/ahiṣī-)n. great, powerful |
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| mahivrata | (m/ahi--) mfn. having great power, ruling mightily |
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| majj | cl.6 P. () majjati- (Ved. m/ajjati-, Epic also te-; perfect tense mamajja-[2. sg. mamajjitha-,or mamaṅktha-] ; Aorist [ mā-] majjīs- ; amānkṣīt- ; preceding majjtāt- ; future maṅkṣyati-, te- etc.; majjiṣyati- ; maṅktā- grammar; infinitive mood majjitum- ; maṅktum- grammar; ind.p. maṅktvā-or maktvā- ; m/ajjya- ), to sink (into), (accusative or locative case), go down, go to hell, perish, become ruined etc. ; to sink (in water), dive, plunge or throw one's self into (locative case), bathe, be submerged or drowned etc.: Causal majj/ayati- (Aorist amamajjat- grammar), to cause to sink, submerge, drown, overwhelm, destroy etc. ; to inundate ; to strike or plant into (locative case) : Desiderative mimaṅkṣati- or mimajjiṣati- grammar (confer, compare mimaṅkṣā-): Intensive māmajjyate-, māmaṅkti- [ confer, compare Latin mergere,and undermajjan.] |
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| makat | familiar dimin. fr. prec. equals m/at- in compound |
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| mākīm | (m/ā--) ind. may or let not (=ne) |
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| mākim | m/ā-kis-, m/ākīm- See under 1. mā-, . |
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| mākis | (m/ā--) ind. (only in prohibitive sentences with subjunctive) may not or let not (= Latin ne) ; may no one (=ne-quis) |
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| mamatā | f. (mam/a--) the state of"mine", sense of ownership, self-interest, egotism, interest in (locative case) |
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| maṃh | (see mah-) cl.1 A1. () m/aṃhate- (perfect tense, mamaṃhe-etc. grammar), to give, grant, bestow (with dānāya-,"as a present") ; to increase : Causal maṃhayati- (cl.10. according to to ), to give etc. ; to speak or to shine : Intensive , māmahe- etc. ; See mah-. |
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| maṃhiṣṭharāti | (m/aṃh-). mfn. one whose gifts are most abundant, very rich or bountiful |
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| māṃścatva | mfn. (prob.) yellowish (m/āṃścatva- ) . |
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| man | cl.8.4. A1. () manut/e-, m/anyate- (Epic also ti-;3. plural manvat/e- ; perfect tense mene- etc.; mamn/āthe-, n/āts- ; Aorist /amata-, /amanmahi- subjunctive manāmahe-, mananta-, parasmE-pada manān/a- q.v ; maṃsi-, amaṃsta- subjunctive maṃsate- preceding maṃsīṣṭa-,1. Persian mc. masīya- ; māṃsta- , stādm- ; mandhvam- ; amaniṣṭa- grammar; future maṃsyate- , ti- ; manta-, manitā- grammar; maniṣyate- ; infinitive mood mantum- etc., m/antave-, tavai- , m/antos- ; ind.p. matv/ā- etc.; manitvā- grammar; -matya- etc.; -manya- etc.) , to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecture etc. (manye-,I think, methinks, is in later language often inserted in a sentence without affecting the construction; confer, compare gaRa cādi-and ) ; to regard or consider any one or anything (accusative) as (accusative with or without iva-,or adverb,often in -vat-;in later language also dative case,to express contempt[ confer, compare ], exempli gratia, 'for example' gaRa rājyaṃ tṛṇaya- manye-,"I value empire at a straw" id est I make light of it equals laghu- man-,and opp. to bahu-,or sādhu- man-,to think much or well of, praise, approve) ; to think one's self or be thought to be, appear as, pass for (Nominal verb;also with iva-) ; to be of opinion, think fit or right etc. ; to agree or be of the same opinion with (accusative) ; to set the heart or mind on, honour, esteem (with nau-,disdain) , hope or wish for (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to think of (in prayer etc., either"to remember, meditate on", or"mention, declare", or"excogitate, invent") ; to perceive, observe, learn, know, understand, comprehend (accusative,Ved. also genitive case). etc. ; to offer, present : Causal () mānayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amīmanat-; Passive voice mānyate-), to honour, esteem, value highly (also with uru-, bahu-and sādhu-) etc. ; (A1.) stambhe- ; garvake- : Desiderative () mīmāṃsate- (rarely ti-; amīmāṃsiṣṭhās- ; mīmāṃsy/ate- ; mimaṃsate-, mimaniṣate- grammar), to reflect upon, consider, examine, investigate etc. ; to call in question, doubt ("with regard to" locative case) : Desiderative of Desiderative mimāmiṣate- grammar : Intensive manmanyate-, manmanti- [ confer, compare Zend man; Greek ,, Latin meminisse,monere; Slavonic or Slavonian and Lithuanian mine4ti; Gothic ga-munan; Germ,meinen; English mean.] |
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| manaḥṣaṣṭha | (m/anaḥ--) mfn. having the mind for a sixth organ (said of the 5 organs of sense) |
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| manaṛṅga | (m/ana--) mfn. (prob. fr.2. ṛñj-) directing or guiding the mind ( manasā prasādhanaṃ yasya saḥ-). |
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| manas | n. thought, imagination, excogitation, invention, reflection, opinion, intention, inclination, affection, desire, mood, temper, spirit (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' after a verbal noun or an infinitive mood stem in tu-= having a mind or wishing to; see draṣṭu-m-etc.; manaḥ- kṛ-,to make up one's mind;with genitive case,to feel inclination for; manaḥ- kṛ-, pra-kṛ-, dhā-,vi- dhā-, dhṛ-, bandh-and Causal of ni-viś-with locative case dative case accusative with prati-,or infinitive mood,to direct the mind or thoughts towards, think of or upon; manaḥ-with sam-ā-dhā-,to recover the senses, collect one's self;with han-See mano-hatya-; manasā m/anasā- ind.in the mind;in thought or imagination;with all the heart, willingly;with genitive case,by the leave of;with iva- equals seva-,as with a thought, in a moment;with man-,to think in one's mind, be willing or inclined;with saṃ-gam-,to become unanimous, agree; manasi-with kṛ-,to bear or ponder in the mind, meditate on, remember;with ni-dhā-,to impress on the mind, consider;with vṛt-,to be passing in one's mind) |
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| mānasa | mf(ī-,once ā-)n. (fr. m/anas-) belonging to the mind or spirit, mental, spiritual (opp. to śārirā-,corporeal) etc. |
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| manastejas | (m/anas--) mfn. endowed with vigour of mind |
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| manasvat | mfn. (m/anas--) full of sense or spirit |
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| mānava | mf(/ī-)n. (fr. m/anu-) descended from or belonging to man or manu-, human etc. |
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| mānava | m. patronymic fr. m/anu- (Name of nābhā-nediṣṭha-, śāryāta-, cakṣus-, nahuṣa-, bhṛgu-, su-dyumna-, karūṣa-, and deva-hūti-) etc. |
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| mand | (see 2. mad-) cl.1 A1. () m/andate- (Ved. also P. ti-; perfect tense mamanda-, dat-, amamanduḥ- ; Aorist mand/us-, dān/a-; amandīt-, mandiṣṭa- ; subjunctive mandiṣat- grammar; preceding mandiṣīmahi- ; future manditā-, diṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood mand/adhyai- ), to rejoice, be glad or delighted, be drunk or intoxicated (literally and figuratively) ; (P.) to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspirit ; to sleep (?) () ; to shine, be splendid or beautiful ; to praise or to go : Causal mand/ayati- (infinitive mood manday/adhyai-), to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate ; to be glad or drunk |
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| mand | or mad- (only mam/attana-, mamandhi-, /amaman-), to tarry, stand still, pause (see upa-ni-mand-and ni-mad-): Causal See mandaya-. |
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| manojavas | mfn. (m/ano--) swift as thought |
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| manojaviṣṭha | (m/ano--) mfn. very swift, as thought (read so for m/anoj/av-). |
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| manojyotis | (m/ano--) mfn. one whose light is the intellect |
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| manorhata | m. Name of a patriarchal sage (see m/anur-hita-). |
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| manorhita | m. Name of a patriarchal sage (see m/anur-hita-). |
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| manovāta | (m/ano--) mfn. desired by the mind, agreeable |
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| mantavya | m/antu-, mant/ṛ- See . |
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| manthā | form from which comes Nominal verb (m.) m/anthās- accusative thām- |
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| mantrapati | (m/antra--) m. lord or owner of a sacred text |
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| mantumat | mfn. (only vocative case m/antu-mas-) wise, intelligent |
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| manujāta | mfn. (m/anu--) descended from men or from manu- |
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| manuprīta | (m/anu--) mfn. beloved by men |
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| manus | m. man or manu- (the father of men) (see m/anur-hita-, manuṣ-v/at-,and m/ānuṣa-). |
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| mānuṣapradhana | (m/ān-) mfn. fighting for men |
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| manviddha | (m/anv--) mfn. kindled by men |
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| mānya | m. patronymic fr. 1. m/āna- |
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| manyumat | mfn. spirited, ardent, zealous, passionate, vehement, enraged (superl. -m/at-tanma-) etc. |
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| marka | m. ( mṛc- see marc-below) seizure id est eclipse (of sun) (m/arka-), Name of the purohita- of the asura-s (held to be a son of śukra-) |
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| martavat | mfn. (m/arta--) containing the word m/arta- |
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| martavatī | f. (atī-) a verse or formula containing the word m/arta- |
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| martyakṛta | (m/artya--) mfn. done by mortals, |
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| maryaśrī | (m/arya--) mfn. adorned as a lover or suitor |
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| mat | See 3. ma- and 1. m/ad-. |
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| math | or manth- (q.v) cl.1.9. P. () māthati-, m/anthati-, mathn/āti- (Ved. and Epic also A1. m/athate-, m/anthate-and mathnīte-; imperative mathnadhvam- ; perfect tense mamātha- ;3. plural mamathuḥ- ; methuḥ-, methire- ; mamantha-, nthuḥ- ; Aorist mathīt- ; amanthiṣṭām- ; amathiṣata- ; future mathiṣyati-, te- manthiṣyati- etc.; mathitā- ; infinitive mood mathitum- etc.; tos- ; m/anthitav/ai- ; ind.p. mathitv/ā-, -m/athya- etc.; manthitvā-, ; -manthya-and -mātham- etc.) . to stir or whirl round etc. ; (with agnim-), to produce fire by rapidly whirling round or rotating a dry stick (araṇi-) in another dry stick prepared to receive it ; (with araṇim-), to rotate the stick for producing fire ; (with ūrum-, hastam-etc.) , to use friction upon any part of the body with the object of producing offspring from it ; to churn (milk into butter) , produce by churning etc. (also with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' sudhāṃ- kṣīra-nidhim mathnāti-,"he churns nectar out of the ocean of milk" on ) ; to mix, mingle ; to stir up, shake, agitate, trouble disturb, afflict, distress, hurt, destroy etc. etc.: Passive voice mathy/ate- (Epic also ti-), to be stirred up or churned etc. etc. etc.: Causal manthayati- (), māthayati- (), to cause to be stirred up or churned etc.: Desiderative mimathiṣati-, mimanthiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmathyate-, māmantti- etc. [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin mentha,menta; Lit.mentu4re; German minza,Minze; Anglo-Saxon minte; English mint.] |
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| mathi | (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see ) See urā--, vastra-- and havir-m/athi- (mathīn/ān- wrong reading for matīn/ām-; see math/in-). |
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| mathin | m. (strong stem, m/anthan-,older m/anthā-; middle math/in-or math/i-[q.v.]; sg. Nominal verb m/anthās- accusative m/anthām-[for mantkānam-See manthāna-under manth-]; instrumental case math/ā- dual number math/ibhyām- plural math/ibhyas-etc.[ see pathin-and ] ; for mathīn/ām-See mathi-above) a churning-stick, any stick or staff for stirring or churning etc. |
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| mati | f. (in also m/ati-) devotion, prayer, worship, hymn, sacred utterance |
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| matkṛta | (m/at--) mfn. done by me |
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| mātṛ | f. (derivation from3. mā-very doubtful;for 1. m/ātṛ-See) a mother, any mother (applicable to animals) etc. etc. (sometimes in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' exempli gratia, 'for example' kuntī-m-,having kuntī- for a mother) |
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| matsakhi | (m/at-.) m. my companion, my friend |
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| mayanta | () and m/aganda- () n. Name of a metre. |
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| māyya | See puru-m/āyya-. |
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| mo | equals m/ā- + u- (See under 3. m/ā-). |
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| mṛ | cl.6 A1. () mriy/ate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; cl.1 P. A1. marati-, m/arate- ; imperative mara-, ; perfect tense mam/āra-, mamruḥ- etc.; parasmE-pada mamṛv/as- ; A1. mamrire- ; Aorist amṛta- subjunctive mṛthāh- ; Potential murīya-. ; mriṣīṣṭa- ; future martā- grammar; mariṣyati- etc.; te- ; infinitive mood martum- etc.; martave- ; ind.p. mṛtv/ā- ; -māram- ), to die, decease etc. etc.: Passive voice mriyate- (confer, compare above;sometimes used impers, with instrumental case; perfect tense mamre-; Aorist amāri-) : Causal mār/ayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist, amīmarat-): Passive voice māryate-, to cause to die, kill, slay etc. etc.: Desiderative of Causal See mimārayiṣu-: Desiderative mumūrṣati- () , to wish or be about to die, face death : Intensive memrīyate-, marmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend mar,mareta; Greek for ; Latin mors,morioretc.; Slavonic or Slavonian mre8ti; Lithuanian mi4rti; Gothic maurthr; German Mord,morden; English murder.]) |
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| mṛd | (confer, compare mrad-and mṛḍ-) cl.9 P. mṛdnāti- (cl.1. P. A1. m/ardati-, te- ; confer, compare ; perfect tense P. mamarda-,3. plural mamṛduh-.or mamarduḥ- A1. mamṛde- ; Aorist, amaradīt- grammar; future, mardiṣyati-, te- ; infinitive mood marditum- ; tos- ; -mrad/e- ; ind.p., mriditvā- ; m/ṛdya- etc.; -mardam- ), to press, squeeze, crush, pound, smash, trample down, tread upon, destroy, waste, ravage, kill, slay etc. ; to rub, stroke, wipe (exempli gratia, 'for example' the forehead) ; to rub into, mingle with (instrumental case) ; to rub against, touch, pass through (a constellation) ; to overcome, surpass : Causal mardayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist amīmridat-or amamardat-), to press or squeeze hard, crush, break, trample down, oppress, torment, plague, destroy, kill etc. ; to rub ; to cause to be trampled down : Desiderative mimardiṣati-, to desire to crush or pound Intensive marmartti- (only imperative ttu- ), to crush, grind down, destroy ; marīmartti- and marimṛdyate- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek and under mṛdu-.]) |
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| mṛdh | cl.1 P. A1. () m/ardhati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also cl.6 P. A1. mṛdhati-, te-; Aorist mardhīs-, mardhiṣ/at- ; Potential mṛdhyās- ), to neglect, forsake, abandon ; to be moist or moisten or (undane-), Dhstup. |
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| mṛj | (confer, compare marj-, mārj-and mṛś-) cl.2 P. m/ārṣṭi- (Ved. also A1. mṛṣṭ/e-and cl.6 P. A1. mṛj/ati-, te-,3. plural mṛñjata- ; Potential mṛñjyāt- ; cl.1 P. mārjati-, te- ; perfect tense mamārja-, mamṛj/e- etc.;3. plural mamārjuḥ- ; māmṛjuḥ- ; A1. māmṛj/e-, jīta- ; Aorist amṛkṣat-, ṣata- ; amārkṣīt-and amārjīt- ; future mraṣṭā- ; mārṣṭā-or mārjitā- grammar; mrakṣyate-or mārkṣyate- etc.; mārjiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood marṣṭum-, mārṣṭum-and mārjitum- etc.; ind.p. mṛṣvā- ; -mṛjya- ; -mārjya- ), to wipe, rub, cleanse, polish, clean, purify, embellish, adorn (A1.also "one's self") etc. ; to make smooth, curry (exempli gratia, 'for example' a horse or other animal) ; to stroke ; to wipe off or out, remove, destroy etc. ; to wipe off or transfer (impurity, debt etc.) from one's self upon (locative case) ; to carry away, win ; (mārṣṭi-), to go (): Causal or cl.10. marjayati-, te- (Ved., mārjayati-, te- etc.; Aorist amamārjat- grammar; amīmṛjanta- ; Passive voice mārjate- ), to wipe, rub, cleanse, purify, adorn etc. ; to wipe off, remove, destroy ; (marjayate-), to move about, roam (): Desiderative mimārjiṣati- and mimṛkṣati- grammar : Intensive marmṛjīti- (jm/a-, janta-, parasmE-pada jān/a-), marmṛjy/ate- ; marīmṛjy/ate- ; marmārṣṭi- grammar ; to rub or wipe off, clean, purify (A.also "one's self").[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mulgere; Slavonic or Slavonian mle8sti; Lithuanian mi4lsti; German,melke,Milch; English milk.] |
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| mṛṣ | (often confounded with1. mṛś-) cl.4 P. A1. () mṛṣyati-, te- (in onlyA1.; according to to also cl.1 P. A1. marṣati-, te- see 3. mṛṣ-; pr.p. mṛṣat- ; perfect tense mam/arṣa- , mamṛṣe- etc.; Aorist, mṛṣṭhās-, mṛṣantta- ; marṣiṣṭhās- ; arnriṣat- ; amarṣrīt- grammar; future, marṣitā-; marṣiṣyati-, te- ; infinitive mood -m/ṛṣe- ; ind.p., marṣitvā-, mriṣitvā-or mṛṣṭvā- grammar; -mṛṣya- ), to forget, neglect ; to disregard, not heed or mind, mind, bear patiently, put up with (accusative) etc. ; to pardon, forgive, excuse, bear with (genitive case) ; to suffer, permit to (infinitive mood) ; to like (with, as-,dislike) : Causal (or cl.10. ) marṣayati-, te- (Aorist amīmṛṣat-or amamarṣat-), to cause to forget ; to bear, suffer, overlook, pardon, excuse etc. etc. (mostly with accusative;sometimes with Potential or future or with Potential after yad-, yac ca-yadi-, yadā-, jātu- exempli gratia, 'for example' na marṣayāmi yat--,I cannot ) ; to put up with anything from (genitive case) ; (with na-), not to let alone, molest : Intensive māmriṣat-, to bear, suffer |
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| nam | cl.1 P. n/amati- (), te- (mostly intrans.; confer, compare ; pr. p. A1. namāna- ; perfect tense P. nānāma- etc.;2. sg. nemitha-,or nanantha- ; subjunctive nan/amas- ;3. plural nemur- ; A1. neme- ;3. plural -nanamire- ; Aorist P. anān- ; anaṃsīt- ; A1. anaṃsta- grammar;3. plural anaṃsata- ; subjunctive naṃsai-, naṃsante- ; future naṃsyati- ; namiṣyati- ; nantā- ; infinitive mood -n/amam-, -n/ame- ; nantum-, namitum- ; ind.p. natvā- ; -natya- ; -namya- ) to bend or bow (either trans. or oftener intr.) to bow to, subject or submit, one's self (with genitive case dative case or accusative) etc. ; (with hiruk-) to turn away, keep aside ; to turn towards id est to aim at (genitive case) with (instrumental case) ; to yield or give way, keep quiet or be silent ; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral : Passive voice namyate-, to be bent or bowed ; yield or submit to : Causal nam/ayati- etc. (nāmayati- etc.; nāmyati-[!] ; Aorist anīnamat- ; Passive voice nāmyate-, ti- etc.) to cause to bow or sink, incline etc. ; (with cāpam-) to bend a bow etc. ; to turn away or ward off ; to aim at (genitive case), ; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral : Desiderative ninaṃsati-, : Intensive n/annamīti- ; nannamyate- (3. sg. n/amnate- imperfect tense anamnata-, parasmE-pada n/amamāna- ) to bow or submit one's self to (dative case). [ confer, compare Zend nam,nemaiti; Greek , ; Latin nemus; Gothic , Old Saxon , Anglo-Saxon niman; HGerm. ne0man,ne0men,nehmen.] |
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| nāman | n. a good or great name, renown, fame (only in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see śva--, sum/antu--) |
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| navama | mf(ī-)n. the ninth etc. (see 1. navam/a-under 1. nava-) |
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| nemadhiti | f. (m/a--) separation, conflict |
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| nikam | (Potential -kāmoyet- ; parasmE-pada A1. -kām/ayamāna- ; perfect tense cakame- ; infinitive mood -kamam- ), to long or wish for, lust after (accusative) |
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| nimi | P. -minoti- (perfect tense -mim/āya- Passive voice -mīyate-), to fix or dig in, erect, raise etc. ; to perceive, notice, understand (?) |
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| pāpayakṣmagṛhīta | mfn. (kṣm/a-) seized by consumption |
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| paramatā | f. (m/a--) highest position or rank |
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| pariman | (only Potential -mamanyāt-; perfect tense -mamn/āthe-; Aorist subjunctive -m/aṃsate-), to overlook, neglect, disregard |
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| pat | cl.1 P. () p/atati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense papāta-, paptim/a-, pet/atur-, papt/ur-; paptiv/as- ; papatyāt- ; Aorist apaptat- ; Passive voice apāti- ; future patiṣ-y/ati- ; te-, patitā- ; Conditional apatiṣyat- ; infinitive mood patitum- etc.; ind.p. patitv/ā- ; -p/atya-or -p/ātam- ), to fly, soar, rush on etc. ; to fall down or off, alight, descend (with accusative or locative case), fall or sink (with or without adhas-or narake-,"to go down to hell";with caraṇau-or ṇayoḥ-,"to fall at a person's feet") etc. ; to fall (in a moral sense), lose caste or rank or position etc. ; to light or fall upon, fall to a person's share (locative case) etc. ; to fall or get into or among (locative case) ; to occur, come to pass, happen : Causal pat/ayati-, to fly or move rapidly along ; to speed (trans.; confer, compare patay/at-) ; te-, to drive away or throw down (?) ; pāt/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpatat- ; Passive voice pātyate- etc.) , to let fly or cause to fall, to fling, hurl, throw etc. ; to lay low, bring down (literally and figuratively), overthrow, ruin, destroy etc. to throw upon or in, lay on (locative case) ; (with or scilicet ātmānam-) to throw one's self ; to cut off (a head) ; to knock out (teeth) ; to pour out or shed (water, tears) ; to kindle (fire) ; to cast (dice) ; to turn, direct, fix (eyes) ; to impose or inflict (punishment) ; to set in motion, set on foot ; to seduce to, betray into (locative case) ; (with dvedhā-) to divide in two ; to subtract ; (A1.) to rush on, hasten : Desiderative pipatiṣati- ( ) and pitsati- () , to be about to fly or fall: Intensive panīpatyate- or pātīti- [ confer, compare Zend pat; Greek , ; Latin peto.] |
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| pramaṃhiṣṭhīya | n. Name of the hymn (beginning with pr/a m/aṃhiṣṭhāya-) |
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| prathama | mf(/ā-)n. (for pra-tama-,superl. of 1. pra-;rarely declined as a pronoun exempli gratia, 'for example' m/asyāḥ- ; me- ; see ) foremost, first (in time or in a series or in rank) |
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| prathamaśravas | mfn. (m/a-śr-;superl. -śravastama-) having a distinguished reputation |
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| prema | (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) equals prem/an- love, affection (see sa-p-) |
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| prema | in compound for prem/an-. |
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| premā | in compound for prem/an-. |
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| preṇā | instrumental case for premṇ/ā- See prem/an-. |
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| preṣ | f. pressing, pressure (with hem/an-,"urging pressure") |
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| rā | or rās- cl.2 P. () r/āti- (Vedic or Veda also A1. rāt/e-; imperative rirīhi-, rarāsva-, raridhvam-; parasmE-pada rarāṇa-;3. sg. r/arate-and rāsate-; perfect tense rarim/a-, rar/e-; Aorist /arāsma- subjunctive r/ātat-etc. Potential rāsīya-; Classical forms are only proper rāti-; future rātā- ; rāsyati- infinitive mood rātave- ), to grant, give, bestow, impart, yield, surrender |
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| rabh | or rambh- (mostly compound with a preposition; see grabh-andSee labh-with which rabh-is connected) cl.1 A1. () r/abhate- (mc. also ti-and Epic rambhati-, te-; perfect tense rebh/e- ;also rārabhe-and 1. plural rarabhm/a-; Aorist /arabdha- ; future rabdhā- grammar; rapsyati- ; te- etc.; infinitive mood rabdhum- ; Vedic or Veda r/abham-, r/abhe-; ind.p. r/abhya- etc.) , to take hold of, grasp, clasp, embrace (arabhat- wrong reading for ārabhat-) ; to desire vehemently ; to act rashly (see rabhas-, rabhasa-): Passive voice rabhyate- Aorist arambhi-, : Causal rambhayati-, te- Aorist ararambhat- : Desiderative ripsate- : Intensive rārabhyate-, rārabhīti-, rārabdhi- (as far as these forms really occur, they are only found after prepositions; see anv-ā--, ā--, prā--, vy-ā--, pari--, saṃ-rabh-etc.) |
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| ram | cl.1. A1. () ramate- (Vedic or Veda also P. r/amati-or ramṇāti- perfect tense rarāma- ; reme- etc.; Aorist 3. plural ranta- ; araṃsīt- ; araṃsta- ; raṃsiṣam- ; future rantā- grammar; raṃsyati- ; te- etc.; infinitive mood ramitum- ; rantum- etc.; rantos- ; ind.p. ratv/ā- ; rantvā- ; -ramya-or -ratya- ), to stop, stay, make fast, calm, set at rest (P.; especially present tense ramṇāti-) ; (P. A1.)to delight, make happy, enjoy carnally ; (A1.) to stand still, rest, abide, like to stay with (locative case or dative case) etc. ; (A1.; P.only mc.) to be glad or pleased, rejoice at, delight in, be fond of (locative case instrumental case or infinitive mood) etc. ; to play or sport, dally, have sexual intercourse with (instrumental case with or without samam-, saha-, sākam-or sārdham-), etc. ; to couple (said of deer) , Va1rtt. 8 (confer, compare Causal) ; to play with id est put to stake (instrumental case) : Causal ram/ayati- or rām/ayati- (Aorist /arīramat-), to cause to stay, stop, set at rest ; (ramayati-, mc. also te-) to gladden, delight, please, caress, enjoy carnally etc. (3. sg. ramayati-tarām-, ) ; to enjoy one's self, be pleased or delighted ; mṛgān ramayati-, he tells that the deer are coupling Va1rtt. 8 : Desiderative in riraṃsā-, su- q.v : Desiderative of Causal in riramayiṣu- q.v : Intesis. raṃramyate- or raṃramīti- [ confer, compare Zend ram, Greek ,, ; Lithuanian rimti; Gothic rimis.] |
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| raśman | m. only in instrumental case raśm/ā- () and in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' (see a-raśm/an-and sth/āraśman-). |
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| reṣmachinna | (reṣm/a--) mfn. rent or torn up by a storm |
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| rukmaprastaraṇa | (rukm/a--) mfn. having a gold-ornamented outer garment |
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| rukmavakṣas | (rukm/a--) mfn. golden-breasted, having gold ornaments on the breast (said of the marut-s) |
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| sac | (connected with2. sajj-, sañj-, sakh-; confer, compare sap-) cl.1 A1. () s/acate- (in also P. sacati-and s/iṣakti-,2. sg. s/aścasi-,3. plural saścati-,2. 3. plural saścata-,1. sg. A1. saśce-; parasmE-pada s/acamāna-, sacān/a-and s/aścat-or saśc/at-[ quod vide ]; perfect tense Ved. saścima-, saśc/uḥ-; A1. saścir/e- ; secire- ; Aorist 3. plural asakṣata- ; sakṣat-, sakṣata-, sakṣante-, sakṣīm/ahi- ; asaciṣṭa- grammar; future sacitā-, saciṣyate- ; infinitive mood sac/adhyai- ), to be associated or united with, have to do with, be familiar with, associate one's self with (instrumental case) ; be possessed of, enjoy (instrumental case or accusative) ; to take part or participate in, suffer, endure (instrumental case) ; to belong to, be attached or devoted to, serve, follow, seek, pursue, favour, assist (accusative) ; to he connected with (instrumental case) on ; to fall to the lot of (accusative) ; to be together ; (s/iṣakti-), to go after, follow, accompany, adhere or be attached to (accusative) ; to help any one to anything (two dative case) ; to abide in (locative case) ; (3. plural saścati-and saścata-), to follow, obey ; to belong to (accusative) ; to be devoted to or fond of (accusative) [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin sequor; Lithuanian seku4.] |
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| sadhamad | m. (only in strong cases; n. sg. -m/ād-or -m/ās-) a drink-companion, fellow-reveller, comrade or friend in general |
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| sadhamād | m. (only in strong cases; n. sg. -m/ād-or -m/ās-) a drink-companion, fellow-reveller, comrade or friend in general |
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| sah | cl.1 A1. () s/ahate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-and exceptionally sāhati-,once in sg. sahyāmi-; parasmE-pada s/ahat- s/ahamāna-[ q.v ]; perfect tense sehe-, sasāha-; Vedic or Veda also sasāh/e-and sāsāhat-; sās/ahat-; sāsahīṣṭ/āḥ-,; sāsahy/āma-,; parasmE-pada sehān/a-, sāsahān/a-, sāsahv/as-and sāhv/as-[ q.v ]; Aorist asākṣi-, sākṣi-, sākṣate- ; sākṣīt- ; sakṣati- ; sakṣat-, s/ākṣāma- ; imperative sakṣi-, sākṣva- ; parasmE-pada s/akṣat- ; /asahisṭa- ; preceding sahyās-, sāhy/āma- ; sākṣīya-. ; s/āhiṣīm/ahi- ; future soḍhā- etc.; sahitā- grammar; sakṣyati- , te- ; sākṣye-[?] ; -sahiṣyati-, te- ; Conditional asahisyat- ; infinitive mood s/ahadhyai- ; s/āḍhyai- ; soḍhum-, sahitum- ; ind.p. soḍhvā- ; sādhvā-, sahitvā- grammar; s/ahya- etc.; s/aham- ), to prevail, be victorious ; to overcome, vanquish, conquer, defeat (enemies), gain, win (battles) ; to offer violence to (accusative) ; to master, suppress, restrain etc. ; to be able to or capable of (infinitive mood or locative case) ; to bear up against, resist, withstand etc. ; to bear, put up with, endure, suffer, tolerate (with na-,"to grudge") etc. ; to be lenient towards, have patience with any one (genitive case) ; to spare any one ; to let pass, approve anything ; (with kalam-, kala-kṣepam-etc.) to bide or wait patiently for the right time : Causal or cl.10. sāhayati- (Aorist asīṣahat-), to forbear : Desiderative of Causal sisāhayiṣati- : Desiderative s/īkṣate- (parasmE-pada s/īkṣat-; according to to , also sisahiṣa-), to wish to overcome : Intensive sāsaṣyate-, sāsoḍhi- (see sāsah/i-) grammar ([ see sahas-and for ; , .]) |
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| śam | cl.4 P. (), ś/āmyati- (rarely te-,and Epic also śanati-, te-; Vedic or Veda śamyati-, śimyati-,and cl.9. śamnāti-[ ], śamnīṣe-, śamnīthās- imperative śamnīṣva-, śamīṣva-, śamiṣva-, śamīdhvam-; perfect tense śaśāma-, śemuḥ- etc.; śaśam/e- subjunctive śaś/amate- ; parasmE-pada śaśamān/a-[ q.v ]; Aorist /aśamiṣṭhās- ; aśamat- [ confer, compare present tense ]; preceding śamyāt- grammar; future śamiśā-, śamiṣyati- ; ind.p. śamitvā-, śāntvā-, śāmam- ), to toil at, fatigue or exert one's self (especially in performing ritual acts) ; to prepare, arrange ; to become tired, finish, stop, come to an end, rest, be quiet or calm or satisfied or contented etc. ; to cease, be allayed or extinguished etc. ; cl.9. (confer, compare above) to put an end to, hurt, injure, destroy : Passive voice śamyate- (Aorist aśami-) : Causal śam/ayati- (mc. also śāmayati-; Aorist aśīśamat-; Passive voice śāmyate-), to appease, allay, alleviate, pacify, calm, soothe, settle etc. ; to put to an end or to death, kill, slay, destroy, remove, extinguish. sup. press etc. ; to leave off, desist ; to conquer, subdue : Desiderative śiśamiṣati- grammar : Intensive śaṃśamīti- (), śaṃśamyate-, śaṃśanti- (grammar), to be entirely appeased or extinguished (perfect tense śaṃśamāṃ cakruḥ- ) . ([ confer, compare Greek ]) , |
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| sama | mfn. (connected with 7. sa-and with 2. sam/a-and samāna-; confer, compare samaha-,used as pronoun :declined like sarva- exempli gratia, 'for example' samasmai- ) any, every [ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic suma; Anglo-Saxon sum; English some.] |
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| samāhitātman | mfn. (saṃ/āh-) one whose spirit is united with (instrumental case) |
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| samatā | f. (sam/a--) sameness of level |
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| samāvac | in compound for sam/āvat- below. |
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| samāvadvīrya | (sam/āvad--) mfn. equally strong |
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| samiti | f. sameness, likeness (see 2. sam/a-) |
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| ṣaṇḍāmaka | () wrong reading for ś/aṇḍā-m/arka-. |
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| ṣaṇḍāmarka | () wrong reading for ś/aṇḍā-m/arka-. |
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| sapta | mfn. equals tam/a- |
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| saptamī | f. (of saptam/a-above) the 7th tithi- or lunar day of the fortnight (on which day in the light fortnight there is a festival in honour of the 7th digit, of the moon;often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See gaṅgā-s-, jayantīs-) etc. |
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| sātmatā | f. (sātm/a--)community of essence or nature with (genitive case instrumental case,or compound) |
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| sidhra | mf(/ā-)n. = sidhm/a-1 |
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| sima | mfn. (prob. connected with 1. sama-; ablative sim/asmāt- dative case sim/asmai-; vocative case s/imā-[ sima- ]; n. plural s/ime-) all, every, whole, entire (according to to some equals śreṣṭha-; according to to others equals ātman-,"one's self") |
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| sītā | f. (less correctly written śītā-; see sīm/an-, sīra-) a furrow, the track or line of a ploughshare (also personified, and apparently once worshipped as a kind of goddess resembling Pomona;in , sitā- is invoked as presiding over agriculture or the fruits of the earth;in , sitā-"the Furrow"is again personified and addressed, four furrows being required to be drawn at the ceremony when the above stanzas are recited;in she is called sāvitrī-,and in indra-patnī-,"the wife of indra-";in epic poetry sitā- is the wife of rāmacandra- and daughter of janaka-, king of mithilā-, capital of videha-, who was otherwise called sīradhvaja-;she was named sitā- because fabled to have sprung from a furrow made by janaka- while ploughing the ground to prepare it for a sacrifice instituted by him to obtain progeny, whence her epithet ayoni-jā-,"not womb-born";her other common names, maithilī- and vaidehī-, are from the place of her birth;according to one legend she was vedavatī- q.v,in the kṛta- age; according to to others she was an incarnation of lakṣmi- and of umā-;the story of rāma-'s bending the bow, which was to be the condition of the gift of sitā-, is told in ; sītā-'s younger sister urmilā- was at the same time given to lakṣmaṇa-, and two nieces of janaka-, daughters of his brother king kuśa-dhvaja-, to bharata- and śatrughna-) etc. |
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| śitīman | or mat- (only dual number m/abhyām-or madbhyām-) equals ś/itāman- |
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| sma | ind. and later to"indeed","certainly","verily","surely"(it is often used pleonastically, and in earlier language generally follows a similar particle [ especially ha-, na-],or relative, or preposition or verb, while in later language it frequently follows iti-, na-and n/ā-[ see 1. m/ā-];it is also joined with a present tense tense or present tense participle to give them a past sense[ exempli gratia, 'for example' praviśanti sma-,"they entered"];this use of sma-is also found in the brāhmaṇa-s and is extended to veda-and āha- see ) |
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| smadabhīśu | (sm/ad--) mfn. having (beautiful) reins |
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| smaddiṣṭi | (sm/ad--) mfn. well trained or practised |
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| smadibha | (sm/ad--) n. "having followers (?)", Name of a man (the enemy of kutsa-) |
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| smadiṣṭa | (sm/ad--) mfn. having an errand |
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| smadrātiṣac | (sm/ad--;strong form ṣāc-) mfn. attended by givers or liberal men |
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| smadūdhnī | (sm/ad--) f. (See ūdhas-) having a full udder, always giving milk (said of a cow) |
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| smat | ind. (prob. connected with prec.; according to to equals sum/at- q.v) together, at the same time, at once (is a preposition with instrumental case ="together or along with";often in compound = "having","possessing","provided with") |
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| smatpuraṃdhi | (sm/at--) mfn. having abundance, munificent (said of indra-) |
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| smṛ | cl.1 P. () sm/arati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense sasmāra-, sasmartha-, sasmaruḥ- etc.; Aorist asmārṣīt-, ṣuḥ- ; future smartā-, smariṣyati- ; infinitive mood smartum- ; ind.p. smṛtvā- ; smaritvā- ; -smṛtya-, smāram-[ q.v ] etc.) , to remember, recollect, bear in mind, call to mind, think of, be mindful of (genitive case or accusative;the action remembered is expressed by a past participle or an imperfect tense with yad-,"that", or by a future without yad-;the future may stand with yad-,if there are two actions; confer, compare ) etc. ; to remember or think of with sorrow or regret ; to hand down memoriter, teach, declare ; to recite : Passive voice smary/ate- (Aorist asmāri-; preceding smṛṣīṣṭa-or smariṣīṣṭa-), to be remembered or recorded or declared (as a law) or mentioned in the smṛti- (with na-,"to be passed over in silence") ; to be declared or regarded as, pass for (Nominal verb or locative case) : Causal smārayati- (rarely smarayati-; mc. also A1.; Aorist asasmarat-; Passive voice smāryate-), to cause to remember or be mindful of or regret etc. (confer, compare ) ; to remind any one of (two accusative or accusative and genitive case or rarely genitive case of person) etc.: Desiderative susmūrṣate- () , to wish to remember : Intensive sāsmaryate- or sāsmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin memor,mora.]) |
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| ṣoḍaśimat | (ś/i--or -m/at-) mfn. connected with the ṣoḍaśi-stotra- |
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| somamad | (strong form -m/ād-) mfn. intoxicated with soma- |
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| sphātimat | mfn. thriving, fat (superl. -m/attama-) |
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| śreṣman | See a-śreṣm/an-. |
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| sṛj | (see 1.2. sarj-) cl.6 P. () sṛj/ati- (Ved. and Epic also te-,and once in s/arjati-; perfect tense sasarja-, sasṛj/e-[2. sg. according to to , sasarjitha-and sasraṣṭha-,in once sasarktha-];Vedic forms are sasṛjm/ahe-, jrire-, sasṛjyāt-, asasṛgram-; parasmE-pada sasṛjān/a- q.v; sasṛgm/ahe-; Aorist asrākṣīt-; /asṛkṣi-, /asṛṣṭa-[Ved. also /asṛgram-or ran-; /asarji-; asrāk-, asrāṭ-; srās-; srakṣat-; parasmE-pada sṛjān/a- q.v ] ; future sraṣṭā- ; srakṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood sraṣṭum- etc.; ind.p. sṛṣṭvā- ; -s/ṛjya- etc.; -s/argam-or -s/arjam- ), to let go or fly, discharge, throw, cast, hurl at (accusative or dative case) etc. ; to cast or let go (a measuring line) ; to emit, pour forth, shed, cause to flow (rain, streams etc.) etc. ; to utter (a sound) ; to turn or direct (glances) ; to let loose, cause (horses) to go quickly ; A1. "to speed, run, hasten" ; to release, set free ; to open (a door) ; to publish, proclaim ; to draw out and twist (a thread), twist, wind, spin (literally and figuratively; A1. sṛjyate-,"for one's self"; see on Va1rtt. 15 and ) ; (in older language only A1.) to emit from one's self id est create, procreate, produce, beget etc. ; to procure, grant, bestow etc. ; to use, employ ; to get, acquire, obtain, take (interest on money lent) ; to hang on, fasten to (locative case) (perhaps asṛjat-, wrong reading for asajat-;See sañj-): Passive voice sṛjyate- (Aorist /asarji-), to be let loose or emitted or created etc. etc.: Causal sarjayati-, te- (Aorist asasarjat-or asīsṛjat-), to cause to let loose, let go, create etc. etc.: Desiderative sisṛkṣati-, te-, to wish to send forth or hurl or throw ; (A1.) to wish to produce or create : Intensive sarīsṛjyate-, sarīsṛṣṭi- etc. grammar |
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| su | ind. (opp. to dus-and corresponding in sense to Greek ;perhaps connected with 1. v/asu-,and, according to to some, with pronoun base sa-,as ku-with ka-;in veda- also s/ū-and liable to become ṣu-or ṣū-and to lengthen a preceding vowel, while a following na-may become ṇa-;it may be used as an adjective (cf. mfn.) or adverb), good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much, greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; especially with u-,="forthwith, immediately";with mo- id est mā u-,="never, by no means"; s/u kam-often emphatically with an imperative exempli gratia, 'for example' t/iṣṭhā s/u kam maghavan m/ā parā gāḥ-,"do tarry O maghavan-, go not past" ; su-always qualifies the meaning of a verb and is never used independently at the beginning of a verse;in later language it is rarely a separate word, but is mostly prefixed to substantives, adjectives, adverbs and participles, exceptionally also to an ind.p. exempli gratia, 'for example' su-baddhvā-,"having well bound" ;or even to a finite verb exempli gratia, 'for example' su-nirvavau- ) |
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| sumadaṃsu | (m/ad--) mfn. together with the reins or harness |
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| sumadga | (m/ad--) mfn. together with the team (?) |
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| sumadgaṇa | (m/ad--) mfn. together with the troop or band, associated with (instrumental case) |
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| sumajjani | (m/aj--) mfn. together with his wife |
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| sumantunāman | mfn. (-m/antu--), bearing a well-known name |
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| sumatkṣara | (m/at-) mfn. oozing, juicy |
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| svaras | See gharm/a-svaras-. |
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| taigmya | n. (fr. tigm/a-) sharpness, pungency |
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| takmanāśana | mfn. removing the takm/an-, |
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| tam | cl.4. t/āmyati- (;rarely A1. ; perfect tense tatāma- ; Aorist Passive voice atami- ;Ved. infinitive mood t/amitos-,with /ā-preceding,"till exhaustion" ; perfect tense Passive voice parasmE-pada -tānt/a- q.v) to gasp for breath (as one suffocating), choke, be suffocated, faint away, be exhausted, perish, be distressed or disturbed or perplexed (n/a mā tamat-[aor. subj.]"may I not be exhausted") etc. ; to stop (as breath), become immovable or stiff ; to desire (see 2. ma-, mata-) : Causal tam/ayati- (Aorist Passive voice atāmi- ) to suffocate, deprive of breath ; see /a-tameru-. |
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| tan | m. propagation, offspring, posterity ([ tanvā t/anā ca-or tm/anā tānā-or tanve t/ane-(ca-),"for one's own person and one's children"]) |
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| tañc | cl.7. tanakti-, to contract ; see ā-, abhy-ā-- ; upātaṅkya- ; takm/an- and kra-. |
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| tanū | f. (of n/u- q.v; accusative nv/am- etc. ; nuvam-[ vArttika ] ;instr, nuvā-, ; genitive case ablative nv/as- etc.; locative case nv/i-& nv/ī- ; nv/ām- etc.; dual number n/ū-[ ], nv/ā-[ ], n/uvau-[ ], nvau-[see gharma--]; plural Nominal verb & accusative nv/as- etc. ; Nominal verb n/uvas- ) the body, person, self (often used like a reflexive noon.; see ātm/an-) etc. |
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| tatas | ind. thereupon, then, after that, afterwards (sometimes corresponding to preceding particles like /agre-, puras-, pūrvam-, prathamam-, prāk- etc.;corresponding to pratham/a- ;also correlative of y/ad-[ ], y/atra-[ ], yadā-[ ], yadi-[ etc.], ced-[ varia lectio ];often superfluous after an ind.p. or after tadā-or atha- etc.) |
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| tejiṣṭha | mf(ā-)n. (Superl. of tigm/a-) very sharp |
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| tigita | gm/a- See column 2. |
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| tigmabhṛṣṭi | (m/a--) mfn. sharp-pointed (agni-) |
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| tigmaheti | mfn. (m/a--) having sharp weapons (agni-), |
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| tigmajambha | (m/a--) mfn. having sharp teeth (agni-) |
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| tigmamūrdhan | (m/a--) mfn. equals -tejana- |
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| tigmānīka | mfn. equals m/a-bhṛṣṭi- |
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| tigmaśocis | (m/a--) mfn. sharp-rayed (agni-) |
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| tigmaśṛṅga | (m/a--) mfn. sharp-horned |
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| tigmatā | (m/a--) f. sharpness |
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| tigmavat | (m/a--) mfn. containing the word tigm/a- |
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| tman | m. (equals ātm/an-) the vital breath (accusative tm/anam-) (accusative tmānam-) |
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| tman | ind. ut/a tm/anā- or tm/anāca- "and also, and certainly", iva- or n/a tm/anā- "just as", /adha tm/anā-,"and even" |
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| tmanā | ind. instrumental case and (at the end of a pāda-) tm/an- locative case used as an emphatic particle (like and )"yet, really, indeed, even, at least, certainly, also" |
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| tmanyā | ind. (fr. locative case tm/ani-+ /ā-?) only in the vanas-pati- verse of some āprī- hymns equals tm/anā-, |
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| trimadhu | mfn. knowing or reciting the 3 verses beginning with m/adhu- () |
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| tyad | mfn. Nominal verb sy/a- (s-), sy/ā-, ty/ad-, (gaRa sarvādi-) that (often used like an article exempli gratia, 'for example' ty/at paṇīn/āṃ v/asu-,"that id est the wealth of the paṇi-s " ;sometimes strengthened by c/id-;often put after ut/a-,or after another demonstrative in the beginning of a sentence) (ty/asya- equals m/ama-, ; n. ty/am-for ty/ad-, [in the etymology of saty/am-] ) |
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| ud | in those rare cases, in which it appears in the veda- uncompounded with a verb, the latter has to be supplied from the context (exempli gratia, 'for example' /ud /utsam śat/adhāram- ,out (pour) a fountain of a hundred streams) . ud- is sometimes repeated in the veda- to fill out the verse (kiṃ na ud ud u harṣase dātavā u- on ) ([ confer, compare Zend uz; Hibernian or Irish uasand in compositionos,ois exempli gratia, 'for example' os-car,"a leap, bound", etc.See also uttam/a-,1. /uttara-,etc.]) |
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| unmajj | (ud-majj-) P. -majjati-, to emerge (-m/ajya-) etc. ; to dive : Causal -majjayati-, to cause to emerge, bear on the surface () |
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| upār | ( upa-ṛ-) P. (perfect tense 1. plural -ārim/a-; Aorist subjunctive 2. dual number -aratam-;1. plural -arāma-) to go near to ; to hasten near (for help) ; to grieve, offend ; to err, make a mistake : Causal See upārpya-. |
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| ūṣmabhāga | (ūṣm/a-) mfn. one whose portion is vapour |
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| uṣman | m. heat, ardour, steam etc. (in many cases, where the initial u-is combined with a preceding a-,not to be distinguished from ūṣm/an- q.v) |
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| uttamaśloka | m. (uttam/a-) the most excellent renown |
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| vad | cl.1 P. A1. () v/adati-, te- (Epic mc. also vādati-; Potential udeyam- ; perfect tense uvāda- plural ūdim/a- ; ūde-etc. ; veditha-, dailuḥ-, duḥ- ; Aorist avādīt-, diṣuḥ- etc.; subjunctive vādiṣaḥ- ; avādiran- ; vadiṣma-, ṣihāḥ- ; preceding udyāt- ; future vadiṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/aditos- ; vaditum- etc.; ind.p. uditvā- ; -udya- ), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P.or A1.;with accusative of the thing said, and accusative [with or without abhi-]or genitive case,or locative case of the person addressed;also followed by yad-,"that", or by yadi-,"whether") etc. ; (P.) to praise, recommend ; to adjudge, adjudicate ; to indicate, designate ; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak etc. ; to allege, affirm ; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two accusative or accusative and Nominal verb with iti-) etc. ; (with or scilicet vācam-) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and 9.) etc. ; (A1.) to say, tell, speak to (accusative) etc. ; to mention, state, communicate, name ; to confer or dispute about ; to contend, quarrel ; to lay claim to (locative case) ; to be an authority, be eminent in (locative case) ; to triumph, exult : Passive voice udy/ate- (Aorist avādi-), to be said or spoken etc. : Causal vād/ayati- m.c. also te- (see ; Aorist avīvadat-; Passive voice vādyate-, Epic also ti-), to cause to speak or say ; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instrumental case,rarely locative case of the instrument) etc. ; to play music ; (with bahu-) to make much ado about one's self. ; to cause a musical instrument (accusative) to be played by (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 2 ; to speak, recite, rehearse : Desiderative vivadiṣati-, te-, to desire to speak, : Intensive v/āvadīti- ( ), vāvady/ate-, (), vāvatti- (grammar), to speak or sound aloud. [ confer, compare Lit.vadi4nti.] |
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| vāmadeva | m. (vām/a--) Name of an ancient ṛṣi- (having the patronymic gautama-,author of the hymns ,comprising nearly the whole fourth maṇḍala-; plural his family) etc. |
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| vāmajāta | (vām/a--) mfn. lovely or dear by nature |
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| vāmanīti | (vām/a--) mfn. conducting to wealth or to the good |
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| van | cl.1 P. () v/anati- (Vedic or Veda also te-,and van/ati-) ; cl.8 P. A1. () van/oti-, vanut/e- (perfect tense vāv/āna-, vāv/antha-, vavanm/a-, vavn/e-; parasmE-pada vavanv/as- ; Aorist vanta-, v/aṃsva- ; vaṃsat-, sate- ; vaniṣat- ; ṣanta- ; vanuṣanta-, ; Potential vaṃsīmahi-, vasīmahi- ; preceding vaniṣīṣṭa- vaṃsiṣīya- ; future vaniśā- grammar; vaniṣyate-, ; infinitive mood vanitum- grammar; -vantave- ), to like, love, wish, desire ; to gain, acquire, procure (for one's self or others) ; to conquer, win, become master of, possess ; to prepare, make ready for, aim at, attack ; to hurt, injure ( also"to sound";"to serve, honour, worship, help, aid") : Causal vanayati- or vānayati- ; varia lectio (confer, compare saṃ-van-): Desiderative v/ivāsati-, te-, to attract, seek to win over : Intensive (only vāv/anaḥ-and vāvandh/i-;but confer, compare vanīvan-) to love, like [ confer, compare Latin venia,Venus; Got.gawinnan; German gewinnen; English win.] |
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| vand | (see vad-) cl.1 A1. () v/andate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense vavanda-, de- etc.; preceding vandiṣīm/ahi- ; future vanditā-, vandiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood vanditum- etc.; vandādhyai- ; ind.p. vanditvā-vandya- etc.) , to praise, celebrate, laud, extol ; to show honour, do homage, salute respectfully or deferentially, venerate, worship, adore etc. ; to offer anything (accusative) respectfully to (dative case) : Passive voice vandyate- (Aorist avandi-, vandi-), to be praised or venerated etc. etc. Causal vandayati- (aor. avavandat- data-), to show honour to any one, greet respectfully : Desiderative See vivandiṣu-. |
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| varitṛ | varim/an-, v/ariṣṭha-. See . |
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| vaś | cl.2 P. () v/aṣṭi-, (1. plural uśm/asi-,or śmasi- ;3. plural uś/anti- ; parasmE-pada uś/at-, uśān/a-and uś/amāna- ; cl.1. v/aśati-and cl.3. vivaṣṭi-[also vav/aṣṭi-],2. sg. vav/akṣi- ; perfect tense vāvaś/uḥ-, śe-; parasmE-pada śān/a- ; uvāśa-, ūśuḥ- grammar; Aorist avāśīt- ;2. sg. vaśīh- preceding uśyāt- grammar; future vaśitā-, śiṣyati- ), to will, command (parasmE-pada uś/amāna-,"having at command") ; to desire, wish, long for, be fond of, like (also with infinitive mood) etc. etc. (parasmE-pada uś/at-and uśān/a-,"willing, glad, eager, zealous, obedient";the former with superl. uśat-tama-,also = charming, lovely [accord. to Scholiast or Commentator also equals śuddha-, dedīpyamāna-,and sv-arcita-]) ; to aver, maintain, affirm, declare for (two accusative) : Causal vāśayati- (Aorist avīvaśat-), to cause to desire etc. ; to get in one's power, subject : Desiderative vivaśiṣati- grammar Intensive vāvaśyate-, vāvaśīti-, or vāvaṣṭi- ; parasmE-pada vāvaśān/a-,"willing, eager" [ confer, compare Greek , for,"willing."] |
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| vidman | n. knowledge, intelligence, wisdom (dative case vidm/ane-as Vedic or Veda infinitive mood to know, to learn) |
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| vimad | P. -mādyati- (Ved. also -madati-), to be joyful or merry (only p. -m/adat-) ; to become perplexed or discomposed ; to confound, embarrass, disturb : Caus, (only Aorist vy-amīmadam-), to confuse, perplex, be. wilder |
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| vṛ | cl.5.9. P. A1. () vṛṇoti-, vṛṇute- ; vṛṇ/āti-, (mostly) vṛṇīt/e- (in also v/aras-, rat-, ranta-,but these may be subjunctive Aorist; perfect tense vavāra- ; vavre- [2. sg. vavṛṣ/e-,1. plural vavṛm/ahe-]etc.; Aorist avri-, avṛta- [ Potential vurīta-, parasmE-pada urāṇ/a-]etc.; avṛṣi-, ṣata- [2. plural avṛḍhvam-] ; avarīṣṭa- grammar; preceding variṣīṣṭa- ; future varītā- ; variṣyate- ; varīṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood varītum- ; varitum- grammar; ind.p. varitvā-or vṛtvā- etc.; varītvā- grammar), to choose, select, choose for one's self, choose as (-arthe-or accusative of Persian) or for (-artham-or dative case, locative case instrumental case of thing) etc. ; to choose in marriage, woo etc. ; to ask a person (accusative) for (accusative) or on behalf of (kṛte-) ; to solicit anything (accusative) from (ablative or -tas-), ; to ask or request that (Potential with or without iti-) ; to like better than, prefer to (ablative,rarely instrumental case) ; to like, love (as opp. to"hate") ; to choose or pick out a person (for a boon), grant (a boon) to (accusative) : Causal () varayati-, te- (Epic also vārayati-; Passive voice vary/ate- ) ; to choose, choose for one's self, choose as (accusative of Persian) or for (-artham- dative case or locative case of thing) , ask or sue for (accusative) or on behalf of (dative case or -arthe-), choose as a wife (accusative with or without patnīm-, dārān-,or patny-artham-) etc. ; to like, love well [ confer, compare Latin velle; Slavonic or Slavonian voliti; Got.wiljian; German wollan,wollen,Wahl,wohl; Anglo-Saxon willan; English will.] |
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| vṛdh | cl.1 A1. () v/ardhate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-; perfect tense vav/ardha-, vavṛdhe- etc. etc. [Ved. also vāvṛ-; vavṛdhāti-, dhīt/ās-, dh/asva- ; vāvṛdh/ete- ; parasmE-pada vāvṛdh/at- ; Aorist Ved. avṛdhat-, vṛdhātas-, dhātu-; parasmE-pada vṛdh/at-, dhān/a-]; avardhiṣṭa- etc.; preceding vardhiṣīm/ahi- ; future vardhitā- grammar; vartsyati- ; vardhiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood Ved. vṛdhe-["for increase","to make glad"], vṛdh/ase-, vāvṛdh/adhyai-; Classical vardhitum-; ind.p. vṛddhvā-,or vardhitvā- grammar;in vṛdh-is sometimes confounded with1. vṛt-), trans. P., to increase, augment, strengthen, cause to prosper or thrive ; to elevate, exalt, gladden, cheer, exhilarate (especially the gods, with praise or sacrifice) ; (intrans. A1.; in Vedic or Veda P.in perfect tense and Aorist; in Class. P.in Aorist future and Conditional; also P. mc. in other forms) , to grow, grow up, increase, be filled or extended, become longer or stronger, thrive, prosper, succeed etc. ; to rise, ascend (as the scale in ordeals) ; to be exalted or elevated, feel animated or inspired or excited by (instrumental case locative case genitive case) or in regard to (dative case), become joyful, have cause for congratulation (vṛdhaḥ-, dhat-in sacrificial formulas ="mayest thou or may he prosper";in later language often with diṣṭyā-) etc. etc.: Causal vardh/ayati-, te- (in later language also vardhāpayati-; Aorist Ved. avīvṛdhat-, dhata-), to cause to increase or grow, augment, increase, make larger or longer, heighten, strengthen, further, promote (A1."for one's self") etc. ; to rear, cherish, foster, bring up ; to elevate, raise to power, cause to prosper or thrive etc. ; to exalt, magnify, glorify (especially the gods), make joyful, gladden (A1.in Vedic or Veda also = to rejoice, be joyful, take delight in [instr.], enjoy etc.;with. or scilicet diṣṭyā-) to congratulate ; (cl.10. according to to ) "to speak" or "to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-): Desiderative of Causal See vivardhayiṣu-: Desiderative vivardhiṣate- or vivṛtsati- grammar : Intensive varivṛdhyate-, varivṛdhīti- |
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| yamadevata | mfn. (yam/a--) leaving yama- for deity |
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| yamanakṣatra | n. yama-'s asterism or lunar mansion (See above under yam/a-) |
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| yamanetra | (yam/a--) mfn. having yama- as guide or leader |
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| yamapura | n. the city or abode of yama- (See under yam/a-) |
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| yamaśreṣṭha | (yam/a--) mfn. among whom yama- is the chief (said of the pitṛ-s) |
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| yamaśva | m. yama-'s dog (See under yam/a-) (dual number) |
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| yathākāmam | ind. (-k/āmam- ; -kām/am- ) according to wish, as one likes, at pleasure, easily, comfortably etc. |
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| yuṣma | (fr. yu-+ sma-), the actual base of the 2nd Persian pronoun in the plural number (from which all cases except the Nominal verb yūy/am-are derived, viz. yuṣm/ān-, yuṣm/ābhis-, yuṣm/abhyam-, yuṣm/at-, yuṣm/ākam-,in Vedic or Veda also accusative f. yuṣm/ās-; locative case yuṣm/e-,and genitive case yuṣmāka-; confer, compare Greek , fr. ) . |
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| yuṣmad | also considered by native grammarians to be the base of the cases yuṣm/ān- etc. (See above) . |
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| yuṣmādatta | (yuṣm/ā--) mfn. given by you |
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| yuṣmānīta | (yuṣm/ā--) mfn. accompanied by you |
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| yuṣmāvat | (yuṣm/ā--) mfn. belonging to you |
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