Sanskrit Dictionary

(confer, compare car-and also caṭ-) cl.1. lati- (metrically also A1. te-; perf. cacāla- plural celur-; future caliṣyati-; Aorist acālīt-), to be moved, stir, tremble, shake, quiver, be agitated, palpitate

etc. ; to move on or forward, proceed, go away, start off, depart

(āsanebhyo 'calan-,"they rose from their seat",

) etc. ; to set (said of the day)

; to be moved from one's usual course, be disturbed, become confused or disordered, go astray

etc. ; to turn away from, swerve, deviate from (ablative exempli gratia, 'for example' dharmāt-,to swerve from virtue

), fall off (with ablative)

etc. ; to sport about, frolic, play (

)

: Causal calayati- (

) , to cause to move, move, shake, jog, push, agitate, disturb

; to cause to deviate, turn off from (ablative)

: Causal cālay- (Passive voice cālyate-) to cause to move, shake, jog, push, agitate

etc. ; to drive, drive away, remove or expel from (ablative)

; to disturb, make confused or disordered

; to cause to deviate from (ablative)

; to cherish, foster

(varia lectio for bal-): Intensive cañcalyate- (confer, compare cañcala-) or cāc- (confer, compare /a-vicācala-ff.)

; ([ confer, compare, ; Latin celer,pro-cello,ex-.])

chal

cl.10. (orNom.fr. chala-) P. chalayati- (infinitive mood litum-

) to deceive, cheat, delude, outwit

; to feign

cul

cl.10. colayati-, to raise

; (for bul-) to dive into

dal

(= dṝ-) cl.1. lati- (pf. dadāla-

; Aorist plural adāliṣur-,

) to crack, fly open, split, open (as a bud)

: Causal dālayati-, to cause to burst

: dal- idem or 'mfn. worthy of being seen ' , Anargh.

; to expel

;

; see ava--, ud--, vi--.

dul

cl.10 P. dolayati-, to swing, throw up, shake to and fro

(see tul-, dola-, dolāya-).

elāya

Nom. P. elāyati-, to be wanton or playful, be merry.

gal

cl.1 P. lati-, to drip, drop, ooze, trickle, distil

etc. ; to fall down or off

; to vanish, perish, pass away

: Causal gālayati-, to cause to drop, filter, strain

; to cause (the water of a dropsical person) to go off

; to fuse, liquefy, dissolve, melt

: A1. te-, to flow

: Intens.p. jalgalyamāna-, causing to drop from one's body

; ([ confer, compare Old German qvall,quillu,qualandquella,"a well."])

glai

cl.1 P. glāyati- (Epic also A1. te-; cl.2 P. glāti-

; perf. jaglau-

;2. jaglitha-and glātha-

; A1. jagle-

and

; Aorist aglāsīt-

; subjunctive 2. sg. glāsīs-

; preceding glāyāt-, gley-, glāsīṣṭa-

), to feel aversion or dislike, be averse or reluctant or unwilling or disinclined to do anything (dative case [

]or instrumental case [

] or ablative [

] or infinitive mood [

]) ; to be languid or weary, feel tired, be exhausted, fade away, faint

; to be hard upon any one (accusative)

: Causal glapayati- (-glāpayati-See ava--, pra--, vi--; Epic also A1. te-,

; Aorist 2. sg. ajiglapas-

), to exhaust, tire, be hard upon, injure, cause to faint or perish

; (with manas-) to make desponding

; (irreg. Potential glapet-) to become cast down or desponding,

heḍ

or heḷ- (see hel-and hīḍ-) cl.1 A1. heḍate-, heḷate-, helate-, to be or make angry or hostile (krudhyati-karman-

; only occurring in /a-heḷat-, lamāna-,and ḷayat-,qq. vv.) ; to act or treat carelessly or frivolously (anādare-

; only in heḍamāna-

; helamāna-

; and Causal helayati-, te-[ see vi-hel-] perfect tense helayām-āsa-

) ; cl.1 P. heḍati- (perfect tense jiheḍa-etc. grammar), to surround, clothe, attire

: Causal heḍayati- (Aorist ajiheḍat-or ajīhiḍat-; see under hīḍ-) grammar

hmal

(see hval-) cl.1 P. hmalati-, to shake, move

; to go,

(varia lectio): Causal hmalayati-, or hmālayati- (the former when prepositions are prefixed)

hval

(see hvṛ-) cl.1 P. (

) hv/alati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense jahvāla- Aorist ahvālīt-etc., grammar; infinitive mood hv/alitos-

; ind.p. -hv/ālam-

etc.) , to go crookedly or astray or wrong or deviously, stumble, fall, fail

: Causal hvalayati-, or hvālayati- (the former when prepositions are prefixed; Aorist ajihvalat-), to cause to tremble, shake

cl.6 P. ilati- (iyela-, eliṣyati-, ailīt-, elitum-

) to come

; to send, cast

; to sleep

: cl.10 P. ilayati- (imperative 2. plural il/ayatā-

) or elayati- (

) Aorist aililat- or ailayīt-, to keep still, not to move ; to become quiet

; ([a various reading has the form iḷ-: confer, compare Old German i7llu,I7llo,forI7lju; modern German Eile; Cambro-Brit.il,"progress, motion"; Greek ])

jal

cl.1. lati- (perfect tense jajāla-

),"to be rich"or"to cover"(derived fr. jāla-?)

; to be sharp

; to be stiff or dull (for jaḍ-,derived fr. jaḍa-)

: cl.10. jālayati-, to cover,

jul

cl.10. jolayati-, to grind

jval

cl.1 P. jv/alati- (Epic also A1.; parasmE-pada lat-; Aorist ajvālīt-

;3. plural ajvaliṣur-

) to burn brightly, blaze, glow, shine

etc. ; to burn (as a wound)

: Causal jvalayati- or jvāl-, to set on fire, light, kindle, make radiant, illuminate

(A1.)

etc.: Intensive jājvalati- (

) or lyate- (

; parasmE-pada lyamāna-) to flame violently, shine strongly, be brilliant

kal

cl.10 P. (rarely A1.) kālayati- (te-), to push on, drive forward, drive before one's self or away, carry off

; to go after (with hostile intention), persecute

; to count, tell over

; to throw

; to announce the time (?).

kal

P. (rarely A1.) kalayati- (te-), to impel, incite, urge on

etc. ; to bear, carry

etc. ; to betake one's self to

; to do, make, accomplish

; to utter a sound, murmur

etc. ; (sometimes in connection with nouns merely expressing the verbal conception exempli gratia, 'for example' mūrchāṃ- kal-,to swoon

; culukaṃ jalasya- kal-,to take a draught of water

) ; to tie on, attach, affix

; to furnish with ; to observe, perceive, take notice of ; to consider, count, take for

; (See 1. kalaya-, column 3.)

kalaya

Nom. P. (fr. kali-) kalayati-, to take hold of the die called kali-

kandalaya

Nom. P. kandalayati-, to bring forth or produce in abundance or simultaneously

khel

cl.1 P. lati-, to shake, move to and fro, swing, tremble

: Causal P. khelayati-, to cause to move to and fro, swing, shake

kil

cl.6 P. kilati-, to be or become white (or"to freeze")

; to play

: cl.10 P. kelayati-, to send, throw

kṣal

(related to kṣar-) cl.10 P. kṣālayati- to wash, wash off ; purify, cleanse, clean

; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian skalauju,"to wash off";skalbju,"to wash"; modern German spüle?])

lal

(see laḍ-) cl.1 P. (

) lalati- (mc. also te-), to play, sport, dally, frolic, behave loosely or freely

etc. ; to loll or wag the tongue (See below) : Causal lālayati-, te- (Passive voice lālyate-), to cause to sport or dally, caress, fondle, foster, cherish

; to wave, flourish

; to favour

; (A1.) to desire

(see under laḍ-).

lul

(connected with lud-,and 1. lu-) cl.1 P. (

varia lectio) lolati- (only proper and pr. p. P. A1. lolat-and, lolamāna-), to move to and fro, roll about, stir

; to disappear

: Causal lolayati-, to set in motion, agitate, confound, disturb

mal

(see mall-) cl.1 A1. cl.10 P. malate-, malayati-, to hold, possess

;

mil

cl.6 P. A1. (

;but see

) milati-, te- (perfect tense mimiluḥ-

; future miliṣyati-

; Aorist amelīt-, ameliṣṭa- grammar; ind.p. militvā-and -milya-,

), to meet (as friends or foes) , encounter, join, fall in with (instrumental case with or without saha-; dative case genitive case,or locative case), come together, assemble, concur

etc.: Causal melayati- (or melāpayati-; see melāpaka-), to cause any one to meet any one else (genitive case), bring together, assemble

mīl

cl.1 P. (

) mī- lati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense mimīla-

; Aorist amīlīt- grammar; future mīlitā-, mīliṣyati-

; ind.p. -mīlya-

), to close the eyes

; to close (intrans., said of the eyes), wink, twinkle

; (equals mil-) to assemble, be collected

: Causal mīlayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist amimīlat-,or amīmilat-

), to cause to close, close (eyes, blossoms etc.)

: Desiderative mimīliṣati- grammar : Intensive memīyate-, memīlti-

mlai

cl.1 P. (

) mlāyati- (Epic also te-and mlāti-; perfect tense mamlau-

; mamle-

; Aorist amlāsīt-,2. sg. mlāsīḥ-

; preceding mlāyāt-,or mleyāt-

; future mlātā-, mlāsyati- grammar; Conditional amlāsyatām-

, syetām-

; infinitive mood mlātum- grammar), to fade, wither, decay, vanish

etc. ; to be languid or exhausted or dejected, have a worn appearance

: Causal mlāp/ayati-, to cause to wither or fade, enfeeble, make languid

; mlapayati-, to crush

mūl

(rather Nom.fr. mūla-below) cl.1 P. mūlati-. (according to to

also A1. te-), to be rooted or firm

: Causal mūlayati- (

also molayati-), to plant or to grow.

nal

cl.1 P. to smell or to bind

(confusion of gandhe-and bandhe-?) ; cl.10 P. nālayati-, to speak or shine,

; to bind or confine

nibhal

P. A1. -bhālayati-, te-, to perceive, see

nigṝ

P. -girati-, or -gilati-

(-griṇāti-

; Aorist -gārīt-

; future -gariṣyati-

; infinitive mood -giritum-

) ; to swallow, ingurgitate, devour

etc. ; to swallow id est totally appropriate

: Passive voice -gīyate-, parasmE-pada yamāṇa- (with act. meaning) -gārayati- or -gālayati- '>

(see ni-- gal-above) ; Passive voice -gāryate- or -gālyate-

Intensive jegilyate-,

nimīl

P. -mīlati-, to shut the eyes, fall asleep ; to close (as flowers), die, disappear

etc. ; Causal -mīlayati- (te-), to close (the eyes, eyelids, blossoms etc.)

(see ni-mīlita-below) .

nipā

P. -pāti-, to guard or protect from (ablative) ; to observe, watch over

: Causal -pālayati-, to protect, guard, govern

pā

cl.2 P. (

) p/āti- (imperative pāh/i-; pr. p. P. p/āt- A1. pān/a-

; perfect tense papau- grammar; Aorist apāsīt-

subjunctive pāsati-

; future pāsyati-, pātā- grammar; preceding pāyāt-

; infinitive mood pātum-

), to watch, keep, preserve ; to protect from, defend against (ablative)

etc. ; to protect (a country) id est rule, govern

; to observe, notice, attend to, follow

: Causal pālayati- See pāl-: Desiderative pīpāsati- grammar : Intensive pāpāyate-, pāpeti-, pāpāti-

[ confer, compare Zend pa1,paiti; Greek , , etc.; Latin pa-sco,pa-bulum; Lithuanian pe0-mu4]

pal

cl.1 P. palati-, to go

(perhaps invented to account for pālayati-,or palāyate-).

pāl

cl.10 P. (

) pālayati- (te-;also regarded as Causal of2. pā-[

Va1rtt. 2, pat-.],but rather Nom.of pāla-below; parasmE-pada P. pālayat- A1. layāna-; perfect tense layām āsa-; Aorist apīpalat-), to watch, guard, protect, defend, rule, govern ; to keep, maintain, observe (a promise or vow)

parical

Caus. -cālayati-, to cause to move round, turn round

parikal

P. -kālayati-, to drive about, chase, persecute

parikal

P. -kalayati-, to seize, take hold of

; to swallow, devour

; to observe, consider as

parikṣal

P. -kṣālayati-, (ind.p. -kṣālya-), to wash out, rinse, wash off

pariśīl

P. -śīlayati-, to practise, use frequently

; to treat well, cherish,

phal

cl.1 P. (

) phalati- (Epic also A1. te-; perfect tense paphāla-

plural pheluḥ-

; confer, compare

; Aorist aphālīt- grammar; future phaliṣyati-

; phalitā- grammar), to burst, cleave open or asunder, split (intrans.)

etc. ; to rebound, be reflected

; (

;but rather Nom.fr. phala-below) to bear or produce fruit, ripen (literally and figuratively), be fruitful, have results or consequences, be fulfilled, result, succeed

etc. ; to fall to the share of (locative case)

; to obtain (fruit or reward)

; to bring to maturity, fulfil, yield, grant, bestow (with accusative,rarely instrumental case)

etc. ; to give out, emit (heat)

; (

) to go (confer, compare pal-): Causal phālayati- Aorist apīphalat- grammar (confer, compare phālita-): Desiderative piphaliṣati- grammar : Intensive pamphulyate-, pamphulīti-, pamphulti-

[ confer, compare sphaṭ-, sphuṭ-; German spalten; English split.]

pil

cl.10 P. pelayati-, to throw, send, impel, incite

(see pel-, vil-).

pracal

P. -calati- (rarely A1. te-), to be set in motion, tremble, quake

etc. ; to stir, move on, advance, set out, depart

; to start, spring up from (a seat)

; to swerve, deviate from (ablative)

; to become troubled or confused, be perplexed or bewildered or excited

: Causal -calayati-, to set in motion, move, jog, wag

; to remove from (ablative)

; -cālayati-, to cause to shake or tremble

; to stir up, stir round

pragal

Caus. -gālayati-, to cause to fall off

praglai

P. -glāyati-, to fade, wither away

(Scholiast or Commentator -mlāyati-): Causal -glāpayati-

prajval

P. -jvalati- (Epic also A1. te-), to begin to burn or blaze, be kindled (literally and figuratively), flame or flash up, shine, gleam

etc.: Causal -jvālayati-, to set on fire, light, kindle, inflame

etc. ; (with

) to illustrate, explain

prakal

P. -kālayati-, to drive onwards, chase, pursue

; to drive out (cattle for grazing)

; to urge on, incite

prakṣal

P. -kṣālayati-, to wash off, wash away, rinse

etc. ; to cleanse, purify

: Causal A1. -kṣālāpayate- (Potential yīta-), to have anything (as one's feet) washed

pramlai

P. -mlāyati-, to fade or wither away

; to be sad or dejected or languid

pratipāl

P. -pālayati- (Epic also te-), to protect, defend, guard, keep

; to observe, maintain

; to wait, wait for, expect

pravical

P. -calati-, to become agitated, tremble, quake

; to become confused or disturbed

; to deviate or swerve from (ablative)

: Causal -cālayati-, to cause to tremble, shake

pronmīl

(pra-ud-mīl-) P. -mīlati-, to open the eyes

; to open (as a flower), blossom

; to come to light, appear

: Causal -mīlayati-, to open (the eyes)

; to unfold, reveal, manifest

pul

cl.1.6.10. P. polati-, pulati-, polayati-, to be great or large or high, to be piled or heaped up

;

pūl

cl.1.10. P. pūlati-, pūlayati-, to collect, gather

;

samabhipāl

P. -pālayati-, to protect, rule, govern (accusative)

samakakṣā

f. equilibrium (kṣāṃ-tul- P. tulayati-,"to balance one another")

samanupāl

P. -pālayati-, to maintain or observe well, keep (a promise etc.)

sambhal

P. -bhūlayati-, to observe well, perceive, learn

saṃcal

P. -calati-, to move about or to and fro, waver, oscillate, quiver, tremble

; to move away, set out or depart from (ablative)

(varia lectio) ; to start or jump up from (a seat)

: Causal -cālayati-, to cause to move about or to and fro, shake, agitate

(varia lectio) ; to push away, remove, expel

saṃjval

P. -jvalati-, to blaze up or flame brightly

: Causal -jvālayati-, to cause to flame, illuminate, light

saṃkal

P. -kālayati-, to drive (cattle) together (for grazing)

; to put to flight

; to carry out, perform the last or funeral honours to a dead person

saṃkal

P. -kalayati-, to heap together, accumulate

; to add

; to be of opinion

saṃlal

Causal -lālayati- to caress, fondle, treat tenderly

sammīl

P. -mīlati-, to shut the eyes

; to close up (as a flower)

: Causal -mīlayati- (with or without netre-), to close the eyes

; to cause to close the eyes id est make insensible, kill

sampāl

P. -pālayati-, to protect, guard

: to keep (a promise)

samprajval

P. -jvalati-, to flame or blaze up, catch fire

: Causal -jvālayati-, to light up, kindle

saṃsphal

Caus. -sphālayati- to dash in pieces

saṃtul

P. -tolayati-, to weigh one thing against another, balance together (also in the mind)

samunmīl

(-ud-mīl-) P. -milati-, to become fully expanded or unfolded or displayed

: Causal -mīlayati- to open (the eyes)

; to expand, display, exhibit

samunmūl

(ud-mūl-) P. -mūlayati-, to uproot or eradicate completely, exterminate or destroy utterly

śīl

(rather Nom.fr. śīla-below) cl.1 P. śīlati- (perfect tense śiśīla-etc.) , to meditate, contemplate

; to serve, worship

; to act, do, practise, make

: Causal (or cl.10 P.

) śīlayati- (Aorist aśiśīlat-), to do, make, practise repeatedly or exceedingly, be intent upon or engaged in (accusative), exercise, cultivate

etc. ; to wear, put on

; to visit, frequent

(see śīlita-) ; to exceed, excel

skhal

cl.1 P. (

) skhalati- (rarely te-; perfect tense caskhāla-, caskhaluḥ-

etc.; future skhalitā-, liṣyati- grammar; Aorist askhālīt-

; infinitive mood skhalitum-

), to stumble, trip, totter, waver, fluctuate (with na-,"not to waver, remain steadfast, prevail")

etc. ; to drop or slip down, trickle down

; to stammer, falter (as speech)

; to make mistakes, blunder, err, fail

; to gather, collect

; to move

; to disappear

: Causal skhālayati- (or skhālayati-

), to cause to falter

; to stop, arrest

sphal

(varia lectio for sphul-,and occurring only with preposition confer, compare skhal-) cl.1 P. sphalati-, to quiver, shake, vibrate, burst, break etc.: Causal sphālayati- See ā-sphal-. ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin fallo; Lithuanian pu4lti; German fallen; English fall.])

sthūl

(rather Nom.fr. sthūla-below) cl.10 A1. sthūlayate- (also P. sthūlayati- according to to some) , to become big or stout or bulky, increase, grow fat

ṭal

(= ṭval-, dval-) cl.1 P. lati- (perfect tense ṭaṭāla-

) to be disturbed

; Causal ṭālayati-, to disturb, frustrate

tal

cl.1.10. talati-, tālayati- (fr. tarati-, tāray-, tṝ-) to accomplish (a vow)

; to establish, fix (derived fr. 1. talita-)

til

(derived fr. t/ila-) cl.6.10. lati-, telayati-, to be unctuous

; to anoint

tul

cl.10. tolayati-, or tul- (only tul-also figuratively; A1.

) to lift up, raise

(future Passive voice tolayiṣyate-) ; to determine the weight of anything by lifting it up, weigh, compare by weighing and examining, ponder, examine with distrust

etc. ; to make equal in weight, equal, compare (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' na brāhmaṇais tulaye bhūtam anyat-,"I do not compare any other being with Brahmans"

;or with an adverb terminating in -vat-)

etc. ; to counterbalance, outweigh, match, possess in the same degree, resemble, reach

; (perfect tense parasmE-pada tulita-)

([ confer, compare Latin te-tul-ietc.; etc.; Gothic thulan.])

uddhūlaya

Nom. (fr. dhūli-with ud-) P. -dhūlayati-, to powder, sprinkle with dust or powder

udvelaya

Nom. P. udvelayati-, to cause to run over or overflow

ujjval

(ud-jval-) P. -jvalati-, -jvaliti- (

) , to blaze up, flame, shine

: Causal P. : -jvalayati-, to light up, cause to shine, illuminate

ullal

(ud-lal-) P. -lalati-, to jump up, spring up

: Causal -lalayati-, to jump up, spring up

(edition Bühler)

unmīl

(ud-mīl-) P. -mīlati-, to open the eyes ; to open (as an eye)

; to become visible, come forth, appear

: Causal -mīlayati-, to cause to open, open

etc. ; to cause to appear, make visible, show

commentator or commentary on

unmūla

Nom. P. unmūlati-, to be eradicated

: Causal P. unmūlayati-, to eradicate, pull up by the roots ; to destroy, extirpate

upacchal

( upa-chal-) P. -cchalayati-, to deceive, overreach

upalal

Caus. lālayati-, to treat with tenderness, caress, fondle

upodbalaya

Nom. (fr. bala-) upodbalayati-, to help, promote commentator or commentary on

; to assert, confirm, ratify commentator or commentary on

utkal

(ud--1. kal-) P. -kalayati-, to unbind, loosen.

utkal

(ud-kal-) P. -kālayati-, to drive out, expel commentator or commentary on

utphal

(ud-phal-) P. -phalati-, to spring open, burst, expand ; to jump out

: Causal -phālayati-, to open, open wide (the eyes)

uttul

(ud-- tul-) P. -tolayati-, to take up (a sword)

; to erect, set up commentator or commentary on

; to raise up (by means of a counterpoise) ; to weigh ; to raise, excite (anger etc.)

val

(see bal-, vall-,and vṛ-) cl.1 A1. (

) valate- (oftener P. valati-; see

; perfect tense vavale-; ind.p. valitvā-

; Aorist avaliṣṭa-; future valitā-etc. grammar), to turn, turn round, turn to (with abhimukham-and accusative,or locative case)

etc. ; to be drawn or attached towards, be attached to (locative case)

; to move to and fro

; to go, approach, hasten

; to return id est come back or home

; to return id est depart or go away again

; to break forth, appear

; to increase

; to cover or enclose or to be covered (see 1. vṛ-)

: Causal valayati- or vālayati- (

; Aorist avīvalat-), to cause to move or turn or roll

; to cherish etc.

(rather bālayati-;See 2 bal-): Desiderative of Causal in vivālayiṣu- q.v

vel

(rather Nom.fr. velā-below) cl.10 P. velayati-, to count or declare the time

(Cf. ud-vela-etc.)

vell

(see 1. vel-and vehl-) cl.1 P. (

) vellati- (pr. p. vellat-,or vellamāna-

) , to shake about, tremble, sway, be tossed or agitated

etc.: Causal vellayati-, to cause to shake etc. ; to knead (a dough)

vical

P. -calati-, to move about, shake, waver

; to move away, depart or swerve or deviate or desist from (ablative)

etc. ; to fall off or down

; to go astray, fail, be agitated or disturbed or destroyed

: Causal -cālayati-, to cause to move, loosen, shake

; to agitate, excite, stir up, trouble

; to cause to turn off or swerve from (ablative)

; to destroy, rescind

vīḍ

(according to to some connected with viṣ-), only Causal vīḍ/ayati-, or vīḷayati-, te-, (P.) to make strong or firm, strengthen, fasten

; (A1.) to be strong or firm or hard

vihmal

Caus. -hmalayati-

vil

cl.6 P. vilati-, to cover, conceal, clothe

; cl.10 P. velayati-, to throw, cast, send

(see pil-) ; to break or divide (see bil-).

vilī

A1. -līyate- (perfect tense -lilyuh-