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Monier-Williams
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|  | | u | ind. on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative exempli gratia, 'for example' ya u-,he on the contrary who etc.) This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id- and eva-, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu-, vai-, hi-, cid-, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' ay/am u vām purut/amo-.. johavīti-[  ], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you etc.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/am u stuṣa /indram t/am gṛṇīṣe-[ ], him I praise, indra-, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English"now" (exempli gratia, 'for example' t/ad u t/athā n/a kuryāt-[ ], that now he should not do in such a manner) , and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (exempli gratia, 'for example' k/a u t/ac ciketa-[ ], who, I ask, should know that?) pāṇini- calls this particle uñ- to distinguish it from the interrogative u-. In the pada-pāṭha- it is written ūm-. In the classical language u- occurs only after atha-, na-, and kim-, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (See kim-)  |
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