Donate
   
Select your preferred input and type any Sanskrit or English word. Enclose the word in “” for an EXACT match e.g. “yoga”.
Amarakosha Search
Results for gin
WordReferenceGenderNumberSynonymsDefinition
bhrātarau2.6.36MasculineDualbhrā‍tṛbhaginyau
subhagāsutaḥ2.6.24MasculineSingular‍saubhāgineyaḥ
bhoginyaḥ2.6.5FemininePlural
bhaginī2.6.29FeminineSingularsvasā
bhāgineyaḥ2.6.32MasculineSingularsvasrīya
purobhāgin3.1.45MasculineSingulardoṣaikadṛk
Monier-Williams Search
Results for gin
Devanagari
BrahmiEXPERIMENTAL
ginduka equals gend- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
abhāginmfn. having no share View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
abhāginmfn. not participating in, excluded from (genitive case) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ābhaṅginmfn. ( bhañj-), a little curved View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
abhiprabhaṅginmfn. ( bhañj-), breaking completely
abhiṣaṅginmfn. humiliating, defeating View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
abhiṣvaṅginmfn. intensely attached to or mad for View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
abhiyoginmfn. intent upon, absorbed in attacking View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
abhiyoginmfn. (in law) accusing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
abhiyoginm. a plaintiff, prosecutor. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ābhoginmfn. curved, bent View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ābhoginmfn. enjoying, eating View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ābhoginmfn. (for 1. ābhogin-See ā--1. bhuj-.) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ābhogin1 (also) of great extent, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
āḍhyaroginmfn. ill with rheumatism or with gout View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
adveṣarāginmfn. free from malevolence and passionate desire. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ākāśayoginīf. Name of a goddess. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
aliṅginmfn. "not wearing the usual"frontal marks, skin, staff, etc., a pretended ascetic or student (see sa-liṅgin-.) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
āliṅginmfn. embracing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
āliṅginm. a small drum shaped like a barleycorn and carried upon the breast View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
aṃśabhāgin mfn. one who has a share, an heir, co-heir. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ananuṣaṅginmfn. not attached to, indifferent to. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
aṅginmfn. having limbs, corporeal, having subordinate parts, principal View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
aṅginmfn. having expedients. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
aniyoginmfn. not attached or clinging to. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anudyoginmfn. inactive, lazy, indifferent. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anupayoginmfn. unsuitable, useless. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anurāginmfn. impassioned, attached View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anurāginmfn. causing love View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anuṣaṅginmfn. addicted or attached to, connected with, or"common, prevailing" View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anuyoginmfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' combining, uniting View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anuyoginmfn. connected with View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anuyoginmfn. questioning. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
anyonyāpatitatyāginmfn. deserting each other without either losing caste, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
apatitānyonyatyāginmfn. deserting one another (as the father deserting a son, the teacher a pupil etc.) without (the latter) being ejected from caste, . View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
apratiyoginmfn. not opposed to, not incompatible with View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
apratiyoginmfn. not correlative to. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
apriyabhāginmfn. unfortunate. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
arāginmfn. idem or 'mfn. neither loving nor hating, ' View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
arāginmfn. not coloured View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
araṅginmfn. passionless View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ardhabhāginmfn. receiving half a share View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ardhacandrabhāginmfn. seized by the neck View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
aroginmfn. healthy View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
arśoroginmfn. afflicted with hemorrhoids. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
āryaliṅginmfn. bearing the external semblance of an Aryan or honourable man View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
asaṃtyāginmfn. not giving up or abandoning View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
asaṅginmfn. not attached to the world View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
asaṅginmfn. free from worldly desire View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
āsaṅginmfn. clinging to, attached View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
āsaṅginīf. a whirlwind View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
astrīsambhoginmfn. not enjoying women (by sexual intercourse) commentator or commentary on View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ātmatyāginmfn. committing suicide ([ ātmanas tyāgin- ]) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
āvalginmfn. idem or 'mfn. springing, jumping ' View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
avibhāginmfn. not dividing or sharing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
avisarginmfn. unintermittent (as a fever) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
aviyoginmfn. not liable to separation View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ayoginmfn. separated (from a beloved object), View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bāhyaliṅginm. a heretic View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhagin bhagīratha- See p.744. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginmfn. prosperous, happy, fortunate, perfect, splendid, glorious (superl. g/i-tama-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginm. Name of Scholiast or Commentator on amara-koṣa- (abridged fr. bhagī-ratha- q.v) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāginmfn. entitled to or receiving or possessing a share, partaking of, blessed with, concerned in, responsible for (locative case, genitive case or compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāginmfn. inferior, secondary View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāginm. a partner, owner, possessor, fortunate man etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāginm. "the whole"as consisting of parts View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāginm. a co-heir View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāgineya m. (fr. bhaginī-) a sister's son etc. (also in friendly address to any younger person ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāgineyakam. (fr. bhaginī-) a sister's son etc. (also in friendly address to any younger person ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāgineyīf. a sister's daughter View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginīf. See below. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginīf. a sister ("the happy or fortunate one", as having a brother) etc. (in familiar speech, also for -bhrātṛ-,"brother" ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginīf. any woman or wife View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhāginīf. a co-heiress View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginībhartṛ(gaRa yuktārohy-ādi-) m. a sister's husband. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginībhrātṛm. dual number sister and brother View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginikāf. a little sister, (see next) . View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginīpati() m. a sister's husband. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginīsutam. a sister's son View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaginīyam. (prob.) a sister's son. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaṅginmfn. fragile, transient, perishable (See kṣaṇa--and tat-kṣaṇa-bh-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhaṅginmfn. (in law) defeated or cast in a suit View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhartṛśokaparītāṅginmfn. whose limbs are affected by it View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhasmaroginmfn. suffering from it View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhavasaṅginmfn. attached to worldly existence View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhikṣopabheginmfn. living on alms, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginmfn. (for 2.See column 3) furnished with windings or curves or rings, curved, ringed (as a serpent) etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. a serpent or serpent-demon etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. a kind of shrub View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginmfn. (for 1.See column 2) enjoying, eating View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginmfn. having or offering enjoyments, devoted to enjoyments, wealthy, opulent etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginmfn. suffering, experiencing, undergoing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginmfn. using, possessing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. a voluptuary View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. a king View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. the head man of a village View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. a barber View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. equals vaiyāvṛtti-kara- (?) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. a person who accumulates money for a particular expenditure View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. Name of a prince View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginm. the concubine of a king or a wife not regularly consecrated with him View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginandanam. patronymic of śāli-vāhana- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginīf. a serpent nymph View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhoginīf. a kind of heroine View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhrātṛbhaginī dual number a brother and sister View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhrātṛbhaginīdarśanavidhim. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhṛṅginm. the Indian fig-tree View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhṛṅginm. Name of one of śiva-'s attendants (see bhṛṅgariṭi-, giriṭa-etc.) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhṛṅginm. plural Name of a people View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
bhujaṃgabhoginm. "id.", a peacock (varia lectio -bhojin-). View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
brahmānandayoginm. brahmānanda
brahmayoginm. Name of an author View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
cāruśṛṇginsee śṛngin-, parasmE-pada 1088. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
caturaṅginmfn. (equals ṅga-;with bala-or vāhinī-,an army) comprising elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
cauraṅginm. Name of a teacher, . View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dadruroginmfn. leprous (also dard- ), 8, 444; 11, 232 and 244 View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dadrūroginmfn. equals dru-- (varia lectio dard-). View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ḍāgineya yaka- Name of a gambler, . View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ḍāginīPrakrit form for dākinī- (q.v) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dantaroginmfn. suffering from ga-, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dāratyāginm. a repudiator of his wife View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
daurbhāgineyam. the son of a woman disliked by her husband (gaRa kalyāṇy-ādi-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
daurbhāgineyīf. the daughter of a disliked woman. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dharmabhāginmfn. possessed of virtue, virtuous View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dharmabhaginīf. a female that has the rights of a sister View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dharmabhaginīf. a sister in respect of religion (see -bhrātri-). View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dhātutaraṃginī f. Name of gram. work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dhyānayoginmfn. absorbed in meditation View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dīrgharoginmfn. long ill or sick View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
duḥkhabhāginmfn. having pain as one's portion, unhappy View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dvijaliṅginmfn. wearing the insignia of a Brahman View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dvijaliṅginmfn. a kṣatriya- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dvijaliṅginmfn. an impostor, a pretended Brahman View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
dviśṛṅginm. "2-horned", a kind of fish View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
gargabhaginīf. a sister of the garga-s vArttika View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
gopālayoginm. Name of the author of a commentator or commentary on kaṭhavallī-bhāṣya- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
grahaṇīroginmfn. affected with dysentery View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
guṇatyāginmfn. giving up what is excellent View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
haṭhayoginm. an adherent of the hatha-yoga- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
hemaśṛṅginmfn. having golden"tusks"and"peaks" View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
hṛdroginmfn. suffering from heart-ache View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
indrabhaginīf. " indra-'s sister", Name of parvatī- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
janmaroginmfn. sickly from birth View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
jhiṅginīf. equals - View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
jhiṅginīf. a torch View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
jiṅginīf. (equals jhiṅg-) Odina Wodier View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kālabhoginm. Coluber Naga View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kālayoginm. "reigning over destiny", Name of śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kāñcanaśṛṅginmfn. golden-peaked View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kapālakhaḍginmfn. bearing a skull and a sword View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kapālaśūlakhaṭvāṅginmfn. "bearing a skull, a spear, and a club", Name of śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
karmasaṅginmfn. attached to action, ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kaṣṭabhāgineyam. a wife's sister's son View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
khaḍginmfn. armed with a sword View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
khaḍginm. śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
khaḍginm. a rhinoceros View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
khaḍginm. Name of mañjuśrī- (see khadga-,"a pratyeka-buddha-") View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
khaṭvāṅginmfn. (-) one who bears the khaṭvāṅga- staff View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
khaṭvāṅginm. (ī-) śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kleśabhāginmfn. having trouble. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kṛṣibhāginm. equals -kara- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kṛṣṇabhaginīf. " kṛṣṇa-'s sister", Name of durgā- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kṛṣṇabhoginm. equals -bhujaṃga- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kṛtākṛtaprasaṅginmfn. in grammar equals nitya-. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kṣaṇabhaṅginmfn. perishing in an instant, transient, perishable View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kṣaṇamātrānurāginmfn. one whose affection lasts only a moment View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kṣayaroginmfn. consumptive View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
kuyoginm. a bad yogin-, impostor View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
laṅginmfn. lame, limping View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
lepabhāginm. "sharing the lepa-", a paternal ancestor (in the 4th, 5th, and 6th degrees; see above ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginmfn. having a mark or sign, wearing a distinguishing mark View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginmfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') having the marks or appearance of, characterized by etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginmfn. bearing false marks or signs, a hypocrite, (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') only having the appearance or acting the part of (see dvija-l-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginmfn. having a right to wear signs or badges, one whose external appearance corresponds, with his inner character View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginmfn. having a subtle body View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginm. a Brahman of a particular order, religious student, ascetic etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginm. plural "possessing or furnished with a liṅga-", Name of a śaiva- sect (See liṅga-vat-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginm. "sustaining the liṅga- or pradhāna-", Name of parameśvara- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginm. (in logic) equals -vyāpaka-, that which possesses an invariable characteristic mark (as in the proposition"there is fire because there is smoke" , fire is the liṅgin-; see ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginm. original source or germ View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginm. an elephant View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginm. a species of plant View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
liṅginīf. a female ascetic View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
lokavisarginmfn. creating the world View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
madhyayoginmf(inī-)n. (in astronomy) being in the middle of a conjunction, completely covered or obscured View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mahābhāginmfn. exceedingly fortunate View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mahābhoginmfn. equals -bhoga-vat- 1 View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mahāliṅgayoginm. Name of author View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mahāroginmfn. suffering from a severe illness View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mahātyāginmfn. extremely liberal or generous (said of śiva-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mahāyoginm. a great yogin- (Name of viṣṇu- or of śiva-, especially when worshipped by Buddhists ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mahāyoginm. a cock View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mainākabhaginī f. "sister of maināka-", Name of pārvatī- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mandabhāginmfn. unfortunate, ill-fated, unhappy View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mandareginmfn. rarely ill, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
maṅginīf. a boat, ship View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mārginm. one who clears or guards or shows the way, a pioneer or a guide View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mārjāraliṅginmfn. having the nature or character of a cat View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mataṃginīf. Name of a daughter of mandara- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mithyābhiyoginmfn. making a false charge View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mukharoginmfn. diseased in the mouth View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
mūtrasaṅginmfn. mūtrasaṅga
nāgabhaginīf. "serpent's sister", Name of the goddess manasā- (see -māsṛ-). View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginmfn. covered with or surrounded by serpents View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginīf. Piper Betle View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginīf. a kind of bulbous plant View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
nakṣatrayoginmfn. connected with nakṣatra-s View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
nakṣatrayoginīf. plural chief stars in the nakṣatra-s View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
naktambhoginmfn. equals ta-bh- (varia lectio) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
nātibhoginmfn. not too much given to enjoyments View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
navanāthayoginm. Name of an author View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
niriṅginīf. a veil (see -raṅgī-). View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
niṣaṅginmfn. having a quiver (or sword ?) etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
niṣaṅginmfn. cleaving, clinging, sticking, attached to, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
niṣaṅginm. a bowman, warrior View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
niṣaṅginm. Name of a son of dhṛtarāṣṭra- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
niyoginmfn. appointed, employed View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
niyoginm. a functionary, official, minister View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
paiṅginmfn. derived from paiṅgya- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
paiṅginm. a follower of paiṅgya-. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
paiṅginpaiṅgirahasyabrāhmaṇan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pālaṅginm. pl Name of a school called after a disciple of vaiśampāyana- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pāṇḍuroginmfn. jaundiced View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pāparoginmfn. suffering from a bad disease (see above) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
parāgagin() mfn. laden or covered with pollen. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
parimārginmfn. tracking, going after, pursuing (compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pariṣvaṅginmfn. succumbing, sāṃkhya-s. Scholiast or Commentator View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
parityāginmfn. leaving, quitting, forsaking, renouncing (mostly in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
paryaṅkabhoginm. a kind of serpent View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pataṃginm. a bird View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pataṃginīf. a female bird View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
patsaṅginmfn. sticking or adhering to the fringes View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
phalabhāginmfn. sharing in profit or advantage, partaking of a reward View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
phalabhoginmfn. enjoying fruits or consequences, receiving profits View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
phiraṅginm. a Frank, a European (f. iṇī-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pittaroginmfn. equals -gadin- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prabhaṅginmfn. breaking, crushing, destroying View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prasaṅginmfn. attached or devoted to (compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prasaṅginmfn. connected with, dependent on, belonging to, contingent, additional View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prasaṅginmfn. occurring, appearing, occasional, incidental View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prasaṅginmfn. secondary, subordinate, non-essential View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratisaṅginmfn. ( sañj-) cleaving or clinging to, adhering View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratisaṅginmfn. (a-pr-) not meeting with any obstacle, irresistible View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratiyoginmfn. idem or 'mfn. antithetical, relative, correlative ( pratiyogikatva -tva- n.) ' etc. (see a-pratiy-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratiyoginm. an adversary, rival View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratiyoginm. any object dependent upon another and not existing without it View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratiyoginm. a partner, associate View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratiyoginm. a counterpart, match View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pratiyoginirūpaṇan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prayoginmfn. being employed or used, applicable, usual ( prayogitva gi-tva- n.) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prayoginmfn. having some object in view View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prayoginmfn. performing (on the stage) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
prayoginm. an actor View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pṛṣṭhaśṛṅginm. (L.)"id." , a ram View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pṛṣṭhaśṛṅginm. a buffalo View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pṛṣṭhaśṛṅginm. a eunuch View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
pṛṣṭhaśṛṅginm. Name of bhīma-. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
purobhāginmfn. taking the first share, obtrusive, forward View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
purobhāginmfn. grudging, censorious, malevolent View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
puruṣayoginmfn. relating to a Person or subject View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginmf(iṇī-)n. (fr. rañj-,and rāga-) coloured, having a particular colour (applied to a kind of Amaurosis or blindness when it affects the second membrane of the eye, as opp. to a-rāgin-,which affects the first) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginmf(iṇī-)n. colouring, dyeing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginmf(iṇī-)n. red, of a red colour View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginmf(iṇī-)n. impassioned, affectionate, enamoured, passionately fond of or attached to or hankering after (locative case or compound) etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginmf(iṇī-)n. gladdening, delighting View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginm. a painter View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginm. a lover, libertine View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginm. a sort of grain View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginm. a wanton and intriguing woman View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginm. Name of the eldest daughter of menakā- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ginm. of a form of lakṣmī- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
rāmabhaginīf. " rāma-s's sister", Name of pārvatī- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
raṅginmfn. colouring, dyeing, painting View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
raṅginmfn. passionate, impassioned View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
raṅginmfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') attached to, delighting in, fond of
raṅginmfn. entering the stage View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
rathāṅginm. "one who possesses a discus", Name of viṣṇu-, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
rikthabhāgin() ( ) mfn. inheriting or sharing property, an heir. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
riṅginmf(iṇī-)n. creeping, crawling (said of young children) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ṛkthabhāginmfn. one who inherits or receives property View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
roginmfn. sick, diseased, ill View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ṣaḍaṅginīf. a six-limbed id est complete army View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sadāyoginmfn. always practising yoga- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sadāyoginm. Name of viṣṇu- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sakṛtprayoginmfn. being employed only once View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saliṅginm. "having the usual marks (as of an ascetic etc., without belonging to the order)", a religious impostor (applied to the 7 schisms) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
samāṃśabhāginmfn. sharing in equal portions View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
samaṅginmfn. complete in all parts, furnished with all requisites View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
samaṅginīf. Name of a bodhi-vṛkṣa-devatā- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sambhoginmfn. enjoying together or enjoying each other mutually View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sambhoginmfn. enjoying, using, possessing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sambhoginm. a sensualist, libertine View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃcarabhāginmfn. obtaining a share with difficulty (?) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃginmfn. (for saṅgin-See sañj-) going with or to, uniting with, meeting View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃharṣayoginmfn. possessing joy, enraptured View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
samprajñātayoginm. a yogin- who is still in a state of consciousness View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
samprayoginmfn. addicted to sexual intercourse, wanton equals kāmuka- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
samprayoginmfn. equals su-prayoga- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃsaṅginmfn. clinging or adhering to, coming into close contact or near relation ( saṃsaṅginītva ginī-tva- n.) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃsaṅginītvan. saṃsaṅgin
saṃsarginmfn. commingled, mixed together, joined or connected or in contact with (compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃsarginmfn. partaking or possessed of (compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃsarginmfn. one who lives together with his relatives (after partition of the family inheritance) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃsarginmfn. familiar, friendly, acquainted View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃsarginm. an associate, companion View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃtyāginmfn. relinquishing, leaving, abandoning View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
samuddhatataraṃginmfn. (a river) whose waves are heaving or swelling View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃvibhāginmfn. used to share with others, accustomed to share with (genitive case) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃvibhāginmfn. receiving a share of (genitive case) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃyoginmfn. being in contact or connection, closely connected with (instrumental case or compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃyoginmfn. united (with a loved object; opp. to virahin-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃyoginmfn. married View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṃyoginmfn. conjunct, one of the consonants in a combination of consonants View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṅginmfn. hanging on, sticking in, clinging or adhering to (compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṅginmfn. coming into contact with, touching (compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṅginmfn. attached or devoted or addicted to, fond of, intent on, connected with (genitive case locative case,or compound) etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṅginmfn. full of affection or desire, worldly, licentious View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saṅginmfn. continuous, uninterrupted View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saptabhaṅginayam. (with jaina-s) the method of the 7 formulas of sceptical reasoning (each beginning with the word syāt-,"perhaps"see bhaṅga-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śārṅginm. "bowman, archer", Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śārṅginm. of śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saroginmfn. (and sarogitā gi-- f.) equals prec. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sarvabhoginmfn. enjoying all View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sarvaliṅginm. "having all kinds of external marks", a heretic View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sarvayoginm. Name of śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śātaśṛṅginm. Name of a mountain View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
saubhāgineyam. (fr. su-bhagā-) the son of a favourite wife or of an honoured mother View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
savarṇiliṅginmfn. wearing the marks of a religious student, disguised as a brahmacārin- (See varṇin-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
siddhayoginm. Name of śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
siddhayoginīf. a sorceress, witch, fairy View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
siddhayoginīf. Name of manasā- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
siddhiyoginīf. a kind of yoginī- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śiṅginn. a beard View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śīrṣaroginmfn. having or producing head-ache View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śivalīṅginm. a worshipper of śiva-'s liṅga- or one who carries that symbol on his person View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śivayoginm. a śaiva- ascetic, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śivayoginm. Name of one of the six guru-s of ṣaḍ-guruśiṣya- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
soddhāravibhāginmfn. receiving an inheritance together with a selected portion View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
somayoginmfn. being in conjunction with the moon View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sphuliṅginmfn. having sparks of fire, sparkling View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sphuliṅginīf. Name of one of the seven tongues of agni- or fire View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śrāddhopayoginmfn. serviceable or appropriate for a śrāddha- (with mantra- m. plural and śrāddhopayogivacana gi-vacana- n.Name of works.) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅgārataraṃginīf. Name of a bhāṇa- and other works. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginmfn. horned, crested, peaked (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' having horns of -) etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginmfn. tusked View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginmfn. having a sting (See viṣa-śṛ-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginmfn. breasted (in cāru-śṛ-,beautifully breasted) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. "a horned or tusked animal", a bull View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. elephant View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. a mountain View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. Ficus Infectoria View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. Spondias Mangifera View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. a particular bulbous plant (equals vṛṣabha-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. Name of a mythical mountain or mountain-range forming one of the boundaries of the earth (See śaila-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. of a ṛṣi- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. Cardiospermum Halicacabum View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śṛṅginm. Jasminum Sambac View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sthānayoginmfn. equals sthāne-yoga- (column 3) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sthāneyoginmfn. (see sthāna-yoga-) idem or 'mf(ā-)n. (in gram.) implying the relation of"instead"(said of the genitive case case or ṣaṣṭhī-,which designates that for which something is substituted) ' ( sthāneyogitva gi-tva- n.) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sthirānurāginmfn. equals rāga- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
strīpuṃsaliṅginmfn. having the marks of man and women View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śubhāṅginmfn. equals śubhāṅga- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śukayoginm. Name of an author View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sukhabhāgin() mfn. possessing or sharing in happiness, happy, fortunate View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sukhabhoginmfn. enjoying pleasure View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
sukhasaṅginmfn. attached to pleasure View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śuṅginmfn. having a sheath or calyx View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śuṅginmfn. furnished with an awn View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
śuṅginm. Ficus Indica or Infectoria View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
surataprasaṅginmfn. addicted to sexual intercourse View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
surataraṅginmfn. (for sura-t-See) , delighting in or addicted to sexual intercourse View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
suveginmfn. very swift or rapid (varia lectio -vegita-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
svāduyoginmfn. idem or 'mfn. possessing sweetness, sweet ' View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
svarabhaṅginm. "note-separating", a kind of bird View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
svarginmfn. belonging to or being in heaven View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
svarginmfn. gone to heaven, deceased, dead View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
svarginm. an occupant of heaven, a god, one of the Blest View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
svarṇaśṛṅginm. Name of a mountain View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ṭaṅginīf. Clypea hernandifolia View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
taraṃginmfn. wavy, waving, moving restlessly to and fro View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
triśṛṅginm. the fish Cyprinus Rohita View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tuṅginmfn. being in the apsis (a planet) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tuṅginīf. Name of a plant. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
turaginm. a horseman View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
turaṃginm. a horseman View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
turaṃginm. a groom View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
turaṃginconsisting of horses or horsemen, View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tvagindriyan. the sense of touch View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tyāginmfn. () equals tyājaka- (with genitive case) and (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tyāginmfn. giving up, resigning (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tyāginmfn. one who has resigned (as an ascetic who abandons worldly objects)
tyāginmfn. sacrificing, giving up (life, ātmanaḥ-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tyāginmfn. liberal, (m.) donor View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
tyāginm. a hero View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
udveginmfn. suffering distress, anxious, unhappy
udveginmfn. causing anxiety or agitation of mind View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
udyoginmfn. one who makes effort, active, laborious, persevering, energetic. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
unmārginmfn. going astray View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
unmārginmfn. finding an outlet View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
unmattaliṅginmfn. feigning madness. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
upabhoginmfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' enjoying, making use of. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
upasarginmfn. adding, one who adds View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
upayoginmfn. serving for use or application, suitable, fit, useful, convenient etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
upayoginmfn. appropriate View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
upayoginmfn. favourable, propitious View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
upayoginmfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') using, employing View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
upayoginmfn. touching, in contact with View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ūrdhvaliṅginmfn. having the membrum above (id est chaste) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
ūrdhvaliṅginm. Name of śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utpannāpavarginmfn. perishing as soon as produced. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utsaṅginmfn. having depth, deep-seated (as an ulcer) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utsaṅginmfn. associating or combining with, coherent on View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utsaṅginmfn. an associate, partner View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utsaṅginm. an ulcer, deep sore View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utsaṅginīf. pimples on the inner edge of the eyelid View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utsarginmfn. leaving out or off View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
utsarginmfn. omitting, abandoning, quitting. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
gindram. Name of a son of prakāśa- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vairāginmfn. idem or 'mfn. equals vairaṅgika- ' View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vairāginm. a particular class of religious devotees or mendicants (generally vaiṣṇava-s) who have freed themselves from all worldly desires View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vajrayoginīf. Name of a goddess View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vaktraroginmfn. suffering from it View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
valaginmfn. versed in secret charms View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vāmamārginm. equals vāmācārin- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vanitābhoginīf. a woman like a serpent View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
varāṅginm. sorrel View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
varginmf(iṇī-)n. belonging to a class, devoted to a side or party View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
varṇiliṅginm. one wearing the marks of a religious student View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vastrayuginmfn. clad in an upper-garments and under-garments View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vātaroginmfn. suffering from gout or rheumatism etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vāyuveginmfn. idem or 'mf(ikā-)n. swift as the wind ' , View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vedāṅginm. one who studies or teaches the vedāṅga-s View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
veginmfn. having velocity, swift, rapid, impetuous etc. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
veginm. a hawk, falcon View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
veginm. an express, courier View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
veginm. Name of vāyu- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
veginīf. a river View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
veśabhaginīf. Name of sarasvatī- (see next) . View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vibhāginSee a-vibhāgin-. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vibhaṅginmfn. wavy, undulating, wrinkled View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vidhirasāyanasukhopayoginīf. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vijñānayoginm. equals vijñāneśvara- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vīṇāgaṇagin(v/īṇā--) m. idem or 'm. a music-master, the leader of a musical band ' View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vinayayoginmfn. possessing humility View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viprayoginmfn. separated (from a beloved object) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
virāginmfn. indifferent to (locative case) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viṣaṅginmfn. adhering, clinging or crowded together View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viṣaṅginmfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') smeared or anointed with View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
visarginmfn. granting, bestowing (see also loka-vis-). View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viṣaśṛṅgin() m. "having a poisonous sting", a wasp. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viyoginmfn. separated or absent from (instrumental case or compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viyoginmfn. liable to separation (See a-v-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viyoginm. the ruddy goose, Anas Casarca (see cakravāka-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viyoginm. a kind of metre (commonly called vaitālīya- q.v) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
viyoginīf. a woman separated from her husband or lover View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vṛthāliṅginmfn. one who wears a sectarian mark without any right to it View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vyaṅginmfn. deficient in limb, deformed, crippled View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vyāsaṅginmfn. attaching one's self or applying closely to anything View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
vyatiṣaṅgatiṣaṅginmfn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') hanging or sitting on View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yajñatyāginmfn. one who has abandoned a sacrifice View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yamabhaginīf. " yama-'s sister", the river yamunā- or Jumna View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yaśobhaginmfn. rich in glory, famous, renowned View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yogayoginmfn. equals -yukta- above View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginmfn. joined or connected with, relating to, accompanied by, possessed of (compound) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginmfn. being in conjunction with (exempli gratia, 'for example' candra-y-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginmfn. possessed of superhuman powers View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. a follower of the yoga- system, a yogin- (usually called yogī-) or contemplative saint, devotee, ascetic etc. (see ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. a magician, conjurer
yoginm. a particular mixed caste (varia lectio yuṅgin-) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. an orange tree View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. natron, alkali View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. Name of yājñavalkya- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. of arjuna- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. of viṣṇu- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. of śiva- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginm. of a buddha- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīf. See next. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīf. a female demon or any being endowed with magical power, a fairy, witch, sorceress (represented as eight in number and as created by durgā- and attendant on her or on śiva-;sometimes 60, 64 or 65 are enumerated) etc. (see ) View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīf. Name of durgā- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīf. (with tāntrika-s) a particular śakti- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīf. (with Buddhists) a woman representing any goddess who is the object of adoration. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginībhairavatantran. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīcakrapūjanan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīdaśāf. state or condition of a yoginī- View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīdaśācintāmaṇim. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīdaśādhyāyam. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīdaśājñānan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīdaśākramam. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīdaśāprakaraṇan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīdaśāvicāram. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginidrāf. "a yogi-'s sleep", light sleep, wakefulness View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīhṛdayan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīhṛdayasetubandham. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginījālaśambaran. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginījātakan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginījñānārṇavam. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīpuran. Name of a city View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīsādhanan. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginīstavarājam. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginītantran. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginyin compound for yoginī-. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginyādipūjanavidhim. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yoginyaṣṭadaśākramam. Name of work View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yuginSee vastra-yugin-. View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
yuṅginm. Name of a particular mixed caste View this entry on the original dictionary page scan.
Apte Search
Results for gin72 results
gindukaḥ गिन्दुकः 1 A ball for playing with. -2 N. of a tree; see गेन्दुक.
aṅgin अङ्गिन् a. [अङ्ग्-अस्त्यर्थे इनि] 1 Corporeal, having limb, embodied, incarnate; धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणामवतार इवाङ्गवान् V.1. -भाक् R.1.84. अङ्गिनां तमसेवोभौ गुणौ 38. one who has a body; येनाङ्गविकारः P.II.3.23 येनाङ्गेन विकृतेनाङ्गिनो विकारस्तस्मात् तृतीया Sk. व्यायामे वृद्धिरङ्गिनाम् Śi.2.94. -2 Having subordinate parts; chief, principal; ये रसस्या- ङ्गिनो धर्माः, एक एव भवेदङ्गी शृङ्गारो वीर एव वा, अङ्गी अत्र करुणः, रसस्याङ्गित्वमाप्तस्य धर्माः शौर्यादयो यथा S. D.
anuyogin अनुयोगिन् pot. p. 1 What combines or unites; connected with, situated in or on. -2 Examining, questioning.
anuṣaṅgin अनुषङ्गिन् a. 1 Connected with, adhering or sticking to; अनीकजे रजसि मुखानुषङ्गिणि Śi.17.57. -2 Following as a necessary consequence; यस्यानुषङ्गिण इमे भोगादयो भवन्ति Bh.3.76. -3 Related or applicable to, common, prevailing (अनुक्षणं प्रसक्त); सप्तकस्यास्य वर्गस्य सर्वत्रैवानुषङ्गिणः Ms.7.52; विभुतानुषङ्गि भयमेति जनः Ki.6.35 connected with, natural to, greatness. -4 Addicted to, devoted or attached to, fond of.
apratiyogin अप्रतियोगिन् a. 1 Without an adversary. -2 Having no opposite or counterpart.
abhāgin अभागिन् a. 1 unfortunate; सहते यातनामेतामनर्थानाम- भागिनी Rām.5.16.21. -2 Having no share.
abhiyogin अभियोगिन् a. 1 Devoted to, intent on, absorbed in (in comp). -2 Attacking, assaulting. -3 Accusing; मिथ्याभियोगी Y.2.11. m. A plaintiff, complainant.
araṅgin अरङ्गिन् a. Passionless; ˚सत्त्वः a passionless being; a class of divinities with Buddhists. अरजस् arajas अरज araja अरजस्क arajaska अरजस् अरज अरजस्क a. 1 Dustless, clean, pure (fig also); मथितामृतफेनाभमरजोवस्त्रमुत्तमम् Rā.5.18.24. -2 Free from passion (रजस्). -3 Not having the monthly courses. f. (-जाः) A young girl who has not reached the age of puberty; a girl before menstruation.
arogin अरोगिन् अरोग्य a. Healthy.
ābhaṅgin आभङ्गिन् a. A little curved.
āliṅgin आलिङ्गिन् a. Embracing &c. m. (-गी), आलिङ्ग्यः A small drum shaped like a barley-corn (यव); चतुरङ्गुल- हीनोंक्यान्मुखे चैकाङ्गुलेन यः । यवाकृतिः स आलिङ्ग्य आलिङ्ग्य स हि वाद्यते ॥ Śabdārṇava.
āvalgin आवल्गिन् a. Dancing; कामेनाकृष्य चापं हतपटुपटहावल्गि- भिर्मारवीरैः Nāg.1.2.
āsaṅginī आसङ्गिनी A whirlwind.
utsaṅgin उत्सङ्गिन् a. 1 Associating with, an associate, partner. -2 Deep-seated (as an ulcer). m. An ulcer, a deep sore. -नी Pimples on the inner edge of the eye-lids. (Mar. रांजणवाडी).
utsargin उत्सर्गिन् a. 1 Leaving out or off. -2 Omitting abandoning.
udyogin उद्योगिन् a. Active, diligent, persevering, industrious; उद्योगिनं पुरुषसिंहमुपैति लक्ष्मीर्दैवं हि दैवमिति कापुरुषा वदन्ति Pt.1.361,2.134.
unmārgin उन्मार्गिन् a. Going astray; finding an outlet (as water).
upabhogin उपभोगिन् a. Eating, enjoying.
upayogin उपयोगिन् a. 1 Employing, using. -2 Conducive or contributing to, serviceable, useful. -3 Appropriate, fit, proper. -4 Favourable, propitious. -5 Touching.
upabhogin उपभोगिन् a. Enjoying, using. उपभोग्य upabhōgya भोक्तव्य bhōktavya भोज्य bhōjya उपभोग्य भोक्तव्य भोज्य pot. p. To be enjoyed, used or eaten; असूत सा नागवधूपभोग्यम् Ku.1.2;
khaḍgin खड्गिन् a. (-नी f.) Armed with a sword. -m. 1 A rhinoceros; शार्दूलानां वृकाणां च खड्गिनां वनदंष्ट्रिणाम् Śiva. B.22.29. -2 An epithet of Śiva.
jhiṅginī झिङ्गिनी 1 A sort of cucumber. -2 A torch, fire-brand.
taraṅgin तरङ्गिन् a. Wavy, undulating, unsteady. -णी A river; as in राजतरङ्गिणी; तरङ्गिणी वेणिरिवायता भुवः Śi. ˚नाथः, भर्ता the sea; Vikr.13.53.
tuṅgin तुङ्गिन् a. High, lofty. -m. A planet at the apex of its orbit.
turagin तुरगिन् m. A horseman; तुरङ्गिन् also; तुरङ्गिभिर्यत्ननिरुद्ध- वेगाः Śi.
tyāgin त्यागिन् a. 1 Leaving, abandoning, giving up &c. -2 Giving away, a donor. -3 Heroic, brave. -4 Liberal. -5 Sacrificing. -6 One who does not look to any reward or result from the performance of ceremonial rites; यस्तु कर्मफलत्यागी स त्यागीत्यमभिधीयते Bg.18.11.
daurbhāgineyaḥ दौर्भागिनेयः The son of a woman disliked by her husband.
gin नागिन् m. An epithet of Śiva.
niyogin नियोगिन् a. 1 Appointed, employed. -2 Authorized -m. An officer, dependent, minister, functionary; अपराधे$पि निःशङ्को नियोगी चिरसेवकः H.2.96.
niṣaṅgin निषङ्गिन् a. 1 Attached or clinging to; स्थाणौ निष- ङ्गिण्यनसि क्षणं पुरः Śi.12.26. -2 Having a quiver. -3 Bearing a sword. -m. 1 An archer, a bowman. -2 A quiver. -3 A sword-bearer.
pataṅgin पतङ्गिन् m. A bird.
parityāgin परित्यागिन् a. Renouncing (a Saṁnyāsin); गच्छत्येव परित्यागी वानप्रस्थश्च गच्छति Mb.12.268.13.
piśaṅgin पिशङ्गिन् a. Brown, tawny.
pratiyogin प्रतियोगिन् a. 1 Opposing, counteracting, impeding. -2 Related or corresponding to, being or forming a counter-part of (anything); often used in works on Nyāya; as a घट is the प्रतियोगी of घटाभाव; (यस्याभावो विवक्ष्यते स प्रतियोगी). -3 Co-operating with. -4 Equally matched. -m. 1 An adversary, opponent, enemy; आर्थो विरोधः शक्तेन जातो नः प्रतियोगिना Mv.2.7; दहत्यशेषं प्रतियोगि- गर्वम् Vikr.1.117. -2 A counter-part, match. -3 A partner, an associate, -4 An object dependent upon another. -5 A counter-part, counter-entity; प्रतियोगि- ज्ञानाधीनज्ञानविषयत्वमभावलक्षणम्. प्रतियोगिता pratiyōgitā त्वम् tvam प्रतियोगिता त्वम् 1 Opposition. -2 Dependent existence. -3 Being a counter-part. -4 Partnership, co-operation.
pratisaṃgin प्रतिसंगिन् a. 1 Clinging or adhering to, attached to. -2 Irresistible.
prayogin प्रयोगिन् a. 1 Using, employing. -2 Having an object in view. -3 Prompting, stimulating. -m. Performer (rituals &c.); तत्र कर्मणि विपर्यणीनमन् मन्त्रमूहकुशलाः प्रयोगिणः Śi.14.23.
prasaṅgin प्रसङ्गिन् a. 1 Fond of, attached or devoted to. -2 Dependent on, contingent on. -3 Occasional, incidental; नान्वेष्टव्या विशेषास्तु विशेषा हि प्रसङ्गिनः Mb.12. 325.9. -4 Secondary, subordinate.
phiraṅgin फिरङ्गिन् m. A Frank (i. e. a European).
bhagin भगिन् a. (-नी f.) 1 Prosperous, happy, fortunate. -2 Grand, splendid.
bhaginikā भगिनिका A little sister.
bhaginī भगिनी [भगं यत्नः अंशो वा पित्रादीनां द्रव्यादाने$स्त्यस्याः इनि ङीप्] 1 A sister. -2 A fortunate woman. -3 A woman in general. -Comp. -पतिः, -भर्तृ m. a sister's husband.
bhaginīyaḥ भगिनीयः A sister's son.
bhaṅgin भङ्गिन् a. 1 Frail, fragile, transient; तदपि तत्क्षणभङ्गि करोति चेत् Bh.2.92; Hence भङ्गित्व means 'evanescence'; स च व्यापारो न तदात्वे सुखफलो भवति, नापि आयत्याम् । भङ्गित्वात् ŚB. on MS.4.3.1. -2 Cast in a suit.
bhaṅginī भङ्गिनी A river; आत्ममौलिमणिकान्तिभङ्गिनीं तत्पदारुणसरोज- सङ्गिनीम् N.18.137.
bhāgin भागिन् a. [भाग-इनि] 1 Consisting of shares or parts. -2 Sharing, having a share; रूपस्य भागी भवति दृष्टमेतत्पुरातनैः Mb.3.84.57. -3 Sharing or participating in, partaking of; as in दुःख˚. -4 Concerned in, affected by. -5 A possessor, owner; तस्येह भागिनौ दृष्टौ बीजी क्षेत्रिक एव च Ms.9.53. -6 Entitled to a share; औरसक्षेत्रजौ पुत्रौ पितृरिक्थस्य भागिनौ Ms.9.165; विड्जास्तु द्व्येकभागिनः Y.2.125. -7 Lucky, fortunate; शिवामृद्धां भागिनीं सुप्रसन्नाम् Mb.13.26.86 (com. भागिनीं भागानामैश्वर्यादीनां षण्णां समूहो भागं तद्वतीम्). -8 Inferior, secondary. -9 Highly useful. Hence भागित्वम् means 'high utility'; भागित्वाद्वा गवां स्यात् MS.1.3.47. [शबर explains भागित्वात् as भागवत्यो हि महाभागाः । महति उपकारे वर्तन्ते इत्यर्थः ।]. -m. A co-heir. -नी A co-heiress.
bhāgineyaḥ भागिनेयः [भगिन्या अपत्यं ढक्] A sister's son. -यी A sister's daughter.
bhṛṅgin भृङ्गिन् m. 1 The fig-tree. -2 N. of an attendant of Śiva; तयोः कारणयोः सद्यः संभूतौ शंकरात्मजौ । एको भृङ्गसमः कृष्णो भिन्नाञ्जनसमो$परः । भृङ्गी तस्य तदा ब्रह्मा नाम भृङ्गीति चाकरोत् ॥ Vamana. P.; also भृङ्गिः -Comp. -ईशः N. of Śiva. भृङ्गिरि bhṛṅgiri (री rī) टिः ṭiḥ भृङ्गिरि (री) टिः See भृङ्गरिटि.
bhogin भोगिन् a. [भोग-इनि] 1 Eating. -2 Enjoying. -3 Suffering, experiencing, enduring. -4 Using, possessing (at the end of comp. in these four senses.) -5 Having curves, having large body; अभवन् पन्नगास्रस्ता भोगिनस्तत्र- वासिनः Rām.6.5.35 (com.). -6 Having hoods. -7 Devoted to enjoyment, indulging in sensual pleasures; भोगिनः कञ्चुकाविष्टाः कुटिलाः क्रूरचेष्टिताः । सुदुष्टा मन्त्रसाध्याश्च राजानः पन्नगा इव ॥ Pt.1.65 (where it has sense 6 also). -8 Rich, opulent. -m. 1 A snake; गजाजिनालम्बि पिनद्धभोगि वा Ku.5.78; R.2.32;4.48;1.7;11.59. -2 A king. -3 A voluptuary. -4 A barber. -5 The headman of a village. -6 The lunar mansion आश्लेषा. -नी 1 A woman belonging to the king's harem, but not consecrated with him, the concubine of a king. -2 A kind of heroine. -Comp. -इन्द्रः, ईशः Śeṣa or Vāsuki. -कान्तः wind, air. -भुज् m. 1 an ichneumon. -2 a peacock. -राज् m. Śeṣa, the lord of snakes; भुजे भोगिराजो गले कालिमा च. -वल्लभम् sandal.
maṅginī मङ्गिनी A boat, ship. -Comp. -शिरस् the prow of a vessel.
mārgin मार्गिन् m. 1 A pioneer. -2 A guide, leader. -3 One who guards the way; Rām.2.8.2.
yuṅgin युङ्गिन् m. N. of a mixed tribe.
yogin योगिन् a. [युज् घिनुण्, योग-इनि वा] 1 Connected or endowed with. -2 Possessed of magical powers. -3 Endowed or provided with, possessing. -4 Practising Yoga. -m. 1 A contemplative saint, a devotee, an ascetic; आत्मौपम्येन सर्वत्र समं पश्यति यो$र्जुन । सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं स योगी परमो मतः ॥ Bg.6.32; see the sixth adhyāya inter alia; सेवाधर्मः परमगहनो योगिनामप्यगम्यः Pt.1.285; बभूव योगी किल कार्तवीर्यः R.6.38. -2 A magician, sorcerer. -3 A follower of the Yoga system of philosophy. -4 N. of Yājñavalkya. -5 Of Arjuna. -6 Of Viṣṇu. -7 Of Śiva. -8 N. of a mixed caste. -नी 1 A female magician, witch, sorceress, fairy. -2 A female devotee. -3 N. of a class of female attendants on Śiva or Durgā; बलीनदात् योगिनीभ्यो दिक्पालेभ्यो$प्यनेकधा Śiva B. 6.51; (they are usually said to be eight). -4 N. of Durgā. -Comp. -इन्द्रः, -ईशः 1 the chief of saints. -2 N. of Yājñavalkya. -ईश्वरी the chief of magicians. -इष्टम् lead. -दण्डः a kind of reed. -निद्रा light-sleep, wakefulness. -मार्गः the air, atmosphere.
raṅgin रङ्गिन् a. 1 Colouring, dyeing. -2 Attached or devoted to, fond of. -3 Passionate, impassioned. -4 Acting on a stage.
gin रागिन् a. [राग-इनि] 1 Coloured, dyed. -2 Colouring. painting. -3 Red. -4 Full of passion or feeling, impassioned; रागिणापि विहिता तव भक्त्या Ki.18.27. -5 Full of love, subject to love. -6 Passionately fond of, devotedly attached to, desirous of, yearning after (at the end of comp.); रागी कर्मफलप्रेप्सुः Bg.18.27. -7 Delighting, rejoicing. -m. 1 A painter. -2 A lover; एको रागिषु राजते प्रियतमादेहार्धहारी हरः Bh.3.121. -3 A libertine, sensualist. -णी 1 A modification of a musical mode (राग), of which 3 or 36 kinds are enumerated. -2 A wanton and intriguing woman, a lustful woman.
rogin रोगिन् a. Sickly, ill, diseased. -Comp. -तरुः the Aśoka tree. -वल्लभम् medicine, a drug.
liṅgin लिङ्गिन् a. [लिङ्गमस्त्यस्य इनि] 1 Having a mark or sign. -2 Characterized by. -3 Wearing the maks or badges of, having the appearance of, disguised as, hypocritical, wearing false badges (at the end of comp.); स वर्णिलिङ्गी विदितः समाययौ युधिष्ठिरं द्वैतवने वनेचरः Ki.1.1; so आर्यलिङ्गिन्. -4 Furnished with a liṅga. -5 Having a right to wear signs or badges. -6 One whose outward form corresponds with his inward character. -7 Having a subtle body. -m. 1 A religious student, Brāhmaṇa ascetic; अलिङ्गी लिङ्गिवेषेण यो वृत्तिमुपजीवति । स लिङ्गिनां हरत्येनस्तिर्यग्यौनौ च जायते ॥ Ms.4.2; स्त्रीलिङ्गिविप्रबालानां प्रहर्तव्यं न कर्हिचित् Pt.4.39. -2 A worshipper of Śiva's liṅga. -3 A hypocrite, pretending devotee, pseudoascetic. -4 An elephant. -5 (In logic) That which possesses the liṅga or middle term; i. e. वह्नि is the लिङ्गिन् in the familiar instance पर्वतो बह्निमान् धूमात्. -6 (Hence) The subject of a proposition. -7 The Supreme Being (as the sustainer of liṅga.) -8 The cause or source. -9 N. of a Śaiva sect. -Comp. -वेषः the dress of a religious student.
vargin वर्गिन् a. Belonging to a class or party. -m. A leader of a group; परिचर्यावतो द्वारे ये च केचन वर्गिणः (अभिघात- येत्) Mb.12.1.29.
viyogin वियोगिन् a. 1 Separated. -2 Absent, apart. -m. The ruddy goose.
viyoginī वियोगिनी 1 A woman separated from her lover or husband; गुरुनिःश्वसितैः कपिर्मनीषी निरणैषीदथ तां वियोगिनीति Bv.4.35. -2 N. of a metre; (see App.).
vegin वेगिन् a. (-नी f.) Swift, fleet, impetuous, violent, rapid. -m. 1 A courier. -2 A hawk. -नी A river.
śārṅgin शार्ङ्गिन् m. 1 An archer, a bowman. -2 An epithet of Vi&stodṇ&u; धर्मसंरक्षणार्थैव प्रवृत्तिर्भुवि शार्ङ्गिणः R.15.4;12.7; Me.47. -3 Of Śiva.
śuṅgin शुङ्गिन् m. 1 The (Indian) fig-tree. -2 The Plakṣa tree.
śṛṅgin शृङ्गिन् a. (-णी f.) [शृङ्गमस्त्यस्य इनि] 1 Horned. -2 Crested, peaked. -m. 1 A mountain. -2 An elephant. -3 A ram. -4 A tree. -5 N. of Śiva. -6 N. of one of Śiva's attendants; शृङ्गी भृङ्गी रिटिस्तुण्डी Ak. -7 A bull; शङ्ग्यग्निदंष्ट्र्यसिजलद्विजकण्टकेभ्यः Bhāg.1.8.25.
saṃyogin संयोगिन् a. 1 United, conjoined. -2 Joining. -3 Married.
saṃvibhāgin संविभागिन् m. A partner, sharer, participator; असं- विभागी दुष्टात्मा ...... वर्जनीयो नराधिप Mb.5.8.39.
saṃsargin संसर्गिन् a. 1 United, associated with. -2 Keeping company with, familiar. m. An associate, a companion.
saṃgin संगिन् a. 1 United with, meeting. -2 Attached or devoted to, fond of; बद्धमिव स्वैरगतिर्जनमिह सुखसंगिनमवैमि Ś.5.11; R.19.16; M.4.2; बुद्धिभेदं न जनयेदज्ञानां कर्मसंगिनाम् Bg.3.26;14.15. -3 Full of affection, desirous. -4 Libidinous, lustful. -5 Continuous, uninterrupted; विधूनितं भ्रान्तिमियाय संगिनीम् Ki.14.59.
saṃprayogin संप्रयोगिन् a. 1 Joining together. -2 Wanton, addicted to sexual intercourse. -m. 1 A joiner, uniter. -2 A conjuror. -3 A libertine. -4 A catamite.
saṃbhogin संभोगिन् a. 1 Sensual. -2 Employing, using. -m. A sensualist, libertine.
saubhāgineyaḥ सौभागिनेयः The son of a favourite wife.
sphuliṅginī स्फुलिङ्गिनी One of the seven tongues of fire.
svargin स्वर्गिन् a. [स्वर्गो$स्त्यस्य भोग्यत्वेन इनि] Belonging to heaven, heavenly. -m. 1 A god, deity, an immortal; त्वमपि विततयज्ञः स्वर्गिणः प्रीणयालम् Ś.7.34; Me.3; Ku.2. 45. -2 A dead or deceased man. स्वर्गीय svargīya स्वर्ग्य svargya स्वर्गीय स्वर्ग्य a. 1 Heavenly, celestial, divine. -2 Leading to heaven, procuring entrance into heaven; न च प्राणिवधः स्वर्ग्यस्तस्मान्मांसं विवर्जयेत् Ms.5.48;3.16; Bg.2.2. स्वर्जिकः svarjikḥ स्वर्जिन् svarjin स्वर्जिकः स्वर्जिन् m. 1 Natron. -2 Salt-petre, nitre.
Macdonell Vedic Search
26 results
agra ág-ra, n. front; beginning; top, x. 135, 6; lc. ágre in the beginning, x. 129. 3. 4.
agratas agra-tás, adv. in the beginning, x. 90, 7.
ajara a-jára, a. (K.) unaging, i. 160, 4 [jṝ waste away].
ajurya a-jur-yá, a. unaging, iv. 51, 6 [jur waste away].
arcant árc-ant, pr. pt., singing, i. 85, 2; viii. 29, 10.
āraṇya āraṇyá, a. belonging to the forest, x. 90, 8 [áraṇya].
rkvan ṛ́k-van, m. pl. name of a group of ancestors, x. 14, 3 [singing from arc sing].
rkvant ṛ́k-vant, a. singing, jubilant, iv. 50, 5 [arc sing].
khanitrima Khan-í-trima, a. produced by digging, vii. 49, 2 [khan dig].
gṛṇant gṛṇ-ánt, pr. pt. singing; m. singer, iii. 59, 5 [gṛ sing].
gṛṇāna gṛṇ-āná, pr. pt. Ā. singing, praising, i. 35, 10; 160, 5 [gṛ sing].
grāmya grām-yá, a. belonging to the village, x. 90, 8 [grá̄ma].
citraśravas citrá-śravas, a. (Bv.) having brilliant fame; spv. -tama of most brilliant fame, i. 1, 5; bringing most brilliant fame, iii. 59, 6.
jarant jár-ant, pr. pt. aging, old, x. 34, 3 [jṝ waste away; Gk. γέρ-οντ- ‘old man’].
pūrvasū pūrva-sú̄, a. bringing forth first, ii. 35, 5.
pratijanya prátijan-ya, a. belonging to adversaries, iv. 50, 9; n. hostile force, iv. 50, 7 [prati-janá, m.adversary].
prāvṛṣa prāvṛṣ-á, a., f. í̄, belonging to the rains, vii. 103, 7.
rathya ráth-ya, a. belonging to a car, i. 35, 6.
vahant váh-ant, pr. pt. carrying, i. 35, 5; bearing, ii. 35, 9; bringing, vii. 71, 2.
vahantī váh-ant-ī, pr. pt. f. bringing, ii. 35, 14.
viśvadeva viśvá-deva, a. [Bv.] belonging to all the gods, iv. 50, 6.
vaiśya váiśya, m. man of the third caste, x. 90, 12 [belonging to the settlement = víś].
vaiśvānara vaiśvānará, a. belonging to all men, epithet of Agni, vii. 49, 4 [viśvá̄-nara].
sajanya sájan-ya, a. belonging to his own people, iv. 50, 9 [sa-jana, kinsman].
sādhāraṇa sá̄dhāraṇa, a. belonging jointly, common, vii. 63, 1 [sa-ādhāraṇa having the same support].
sānasi sān-as-í, a. bringing gain, iii. 59, 6 [san gain].
Macdonell Search
987 results
agratas ad. in front, forward; at the head, in the beginning, first of all; --kri, place in front; prp. before, in presence of (g.).
agra n. front; beginning; point, tip, top, main thing: -m, before (g., --°ree;); in. before (ac.); lc. before, in presence of (g., --°ree;); in the beginning, at first, in the first place; after (ab.): -bhû, come forward.
agraśas ad. from the beginning.
acchidra a. intact; uninterrupted; faultless: -m, in., ad. uninterruptedly, from beginning to end.
ajara a. not aging, ever young; m. pl. the flames of Agni.
atyutka a. ardently longing; -½ut kata, a. excessive, extraordinary; -½uttama, a. most excellent; -½udâtta, a. very eminent; -½udâra, a. most excellent; too liberal: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -½un-nata, pp.excessively high; -½unnati, f. eminence.
atha ad. then, thereupon; now, here begins (at bg. of works or sections, cp. iti); now, so, then (at bg. of sentences); but, however, and yet; if; then, corr. to yadâ; often strengthened by atas, api, ka, tu, punar; sts. mere verse-filler; atha vâ, or, or else, or rather (giving another explanation); however; even; repeated: either--or; atha kim, what else ?= certainly; atha kimu, to say nothing of --.
adāditva n. appertaining to the verbs beginning with &open;ad&close; (=Ad-class).
adūṣita pp. blameless, good: f. â, unviolated; -kaumârâ, a. f. whose virginity is intact.
adhogata pp. gone down; bowing low; -gati, f. going down (+to hell); sinking; a. going downwards, going to hell; -gamana, n. going downwards; -drishti, f. downcast gaze; a. looking down; -nayana, n. bringing down; -nilaya, m. hell; -nivîta, pp. wearing the sacred cord low; -bhâga, m. lower part; lower part of the body; depth; -mukha, a. (î) downcast; downward.
anatilambin a. not hanging down very far.
anantara a. having no interval, immediately following, next; belonging to the next lower caste: -m, ad. forthwith, pre sently; thereupon, afterwards; immediately after (ab., g., or --°ree;).
anapeta pp. not removed from, not diverging from (ab.).
anasūya a. uncomplaining; not detracting, not envious; kind; -aka, a. (ikâ) id.; -â, f. non-grumbling, ungrudgingness.
anādi a. having no beginning; -tâ, f. abst. n.
anādyananta a. lacking begin ning or end.
anāvādi a. not belonging to the Gana nau.
anārṣa a. not belonging to the Rishis.
anukāṅkṣin a. striving after, eager; -kâmá, m. desire, longing; a. conform ing to one's wish: -m, ad.; -kâra, -ka, a. imitating; resembling; -kârin, a. id.; corre sponding, conforming to, following; -kârya, fp. to be represented; n. subsequent business; -kâlam, ad. at the regular time.
anudhāvana n. running after; cleansing; -dhyâna, n. meditation; -dhyâ yin, a. reflecting; indulging in longing; -dhye ya, fp. to be reflected on.
anudyama m. absence of exertion; -udyoga, m. id.; inactivity; -udyogin, a. not exerting oneself, lazy; -ud-vigna, pp. not agitated, not frightened: -m, ad.; -udvega, m. absence of excitement, calmness: -kara, a. not agitating, not frightening; -udvegaka, a. causing no excitement, giving no offence to (g.); -ud-vegayat, pr. pt. not agitating.
anupapatti f. not coming to pass, impossibility; a. inadmissible, impossible; -upa-panna, pp. unsuitable; unproved, in admissible; -upa-bhugyamâna, pr. pt. ps. not being enjoyed (riches); -upa-bhogya, fp. not to be enjoyed; -upama, a. incomparable; -upa-yat, pr. pt. not cohabiting with; -upa-yukta, pp. unserviceable, useless; unfit; -upa-yugyamâna, pr. pt. ps. good for nothing; -upayogin, a. unserviceable:(i)-tva, n. abst. n.; -uparodha, m. not prejudicing, not injur ing: -tas, ad. without inconvenience; -upa-lakshita, pp. unnoticed; -upalabdhi, f. non perception; imperceptibility; -upalambha, m. id.; -upasamhârin, a. non-exclusive (fallacious middle term); -upasarga, a. not combined with a preposition; -upa-skrita, pp. unprepared; simple; unfurnished with (in.); disinterested; blameless; -upa-hata, pp. healthy; undisputed: -½âtmaka, a.not dejected, cheerful; -upa-hita, pp. unconditioned, unappropriated.
anurakta pp. devoted, attached, fond; -rakti, f. attachment, fondness; -rañg aka, a. gratifying; -rañgana, n. gaining the affection of; -rathyâ, f. footpath, pavement; -râga, m. colouring; redness; affection; at tachment; fondness for (--°ree;); contentment: -vat, a. red; fond; enamoured of (saha): -î, f. N.: -sri&ndot;gâravatyau, du. f. Anurâgavatî and Sri&ndot;gâravatî; -râgi-tâ, f. attachment; -râ gin, a. attached to; worldly; enamoured; lovely; -râtram, ad. by night.
anulepa m. anointing; ointment: -na, n. id.; -lepin, a. anointed with (--°ree;); -loma, a. following the hair, with the grain: °ree;--, in. in the natural direction, downwards; in. in a friendly way: f. â,spell (sc. vidyâ); girl of lower caste than the man she marries: -ga, a. born of such a union; -lomana, a. put ting in due order; n. purging.
anuṣaṅga m. attachment to (lc.); longing; immediate consequence; -sha&ndot;gin, a. attached; prevailing; necessarily following from (g.); -shañganîya, fp. to be supplied from the context.
antarajña a. discriminating: -tâ, f. discrimination; -tara, cpv. very intimate with (g.); -tás, ad. within; prp. within (g.); from within (--°ree;); -patita, pp. vanished,=not coming into consideration; -pûrusha, m. soul; -prabhava, a. of intermediate origin, i. e. of mixed caste; -prepsu, des. a. wishing to obtain an opportunity; -stha, a. being within (g., --°ree;); inner; m. surety; witness; -sthita, pp. standing within (--°ree;).
anyadīya a. belonging to another.
andolana n. swinging.
anvayin a. belonging to or con nected with the same family; resulting from anything.
apatita pp. not outcast; not for feited; -½anyo&zip;nya-tyâgin, a. forsaking each other without losing caste.
apāka a. coming from afar; -ga, a. (not produced by ripening), original, natural.
apya a. (f. â, or ápî) belonging to water.
apratibaddha pp. not kept at a distance, belonging to the retinue; -bandha, m. no hindrance; a. unhindered; -buddha, pp. unawakened; unenlightened, stupid; -bodha, ad. without awakening (°ree;--); -bhata, a. irre sistible; -bhâ, f. non-appearance, non-arrival; -bheda, m. non-betrayal.
aprākṛta a. (î) not original, second ary; unusual, extraordinary.
apriyakara a. unpleasant; caus ing disaffection; -krit, a. acting unkindly; -bhâgin, a. full of unpleasantness.
abhavadīya a. not belonging to your Honour.
abhayaḍiṇḍima m. war drum: -m dâ, proclaim security of person amid beating of drums; -tama, n. greatest safety; -da, a. affording security; -dakshi- nâ, f. promise of security; -datta, m. N. of a physician; -dâna, n. granting of security; -prada, -pradâyin, a. granting security; -pradâna, n. granting of security; -yâkanâ, f. begging for security of person; -vâk, f. as surance of safety.
abhikāṅkṣā f. longing, desire for (ac., --°ree;); -kâ&ndot;kshin, a. desirous of (ac., --°ree;); -kâma, m. desire; affection, love; a. well-disposed to, longing for (ac., --°ree;).
abhimata pp. esteemed, loved; wished for, approved; n. wish, desire; -man tavya, fp. to be regarded as (nm.); -man tri, a. bringing objects into relation with it self; -mantrana, n. invocation; consecration.
abhinna pp. not pierced, not pene trated; unhurt; unbroken, undivided; stead fast; unchanged; not different from (ab.): -gati, a. not changing one's gait; -vela, a. not breaking bounds; -sthiti, a. id.
abhiyoktavya fp. to be prose cuted; -yoktri, m. assailant; plaintiff; -yoga, m. employment; exertion, diligence; attack; charge; -yogin, a. prosecuting; -yogya, fp. to be attacked, assailable.
abhilaṅghana n. overleaping (g.); infringement; -la&ndot;ghin, a. overstepping, infringing (--°ree;); -lashanîya, -lashya, fp. de sirable; -lashita, pp. n. desire, wish.
abhiśrāva m. giving ear; -sr&isharp;, a. arranging; m. arranger; -sha&ndot;ga, m. de feat; -sha&ndot;gin, a. defeating, humbling; -shava, m. pressing (Soma).
abhyarthana n., â, f. begging; -½arthanîya, fp. to be requested; -arthita, pp. n. request; -arthin, a. asking for (--°ree;); -arthya, fp. to be requested; -árdha-yag van, a. receiving special offerings;-arhana, n. homage, adoration; -arhanîya, fp. vener able: -tâ, f. venerableness.
abhyantara a. inner, being within; contained in (g., lc., --°ree;); intimate; initiated, conversant with (lc.); akin; belonging to; essential to (--°ree;); secret; n. interior; interval of time: -m, ad.within; into (--°ree;); lc. at in tervals; in the space of, within (--°ree;).
abhyudaya m. rise; beginning; success, fortune, prosperity; wealth; festi val, esp. sacrifice to the Manes; -udayin, a. arising, imminent; -udgati, f. going to meet; -udgama, m. rising to greet.
amājur f. aging at home, old maid.
amogha a. not vain, unerring; in fallible; -krodha-harsha, a. not angry or rejoicing in vain; -darsana, a. not appearing in vain, i. e. bringing luck (Pr.); -patana, a. not falling in vain, hitting themark; -vakana, a. whose word is not idle.
ambhoja n. (day) lotus; -ginî, f. lotus plant: -vana, n. pond covered with lotuses; -da, m. cloud; -dhara, m. id.; -dhi, m. sea; -nidhi, m. id.; -bindu, m. drop of water; -muk, m. cloud; -ruha, n. (day) lotus: -maya, a. full of lotuses.
ayoni m. f. what is not pudendum muliebre; a. lacking an origin or beginning; -ga, a. not born of the womb: -tva, n. abst. n.; -ganman, a. not born of the womb.
arājaka a. kingless; n. anarchy; -tâ, f. kinglessness; -daivika, a. not caused by the king or by fate; -lakshman, a. lack ing royal insignia; -½anvayin, a. belonging to no royal race.
arṇa a. surging; m. n. wave, stream, flood; m. N.
arkin a. radiant; singing songs of praise.
arthakara a. (î) useful; -kâma, n. sg., m. du. the useful and the pleasant; a. de sirous of wealth; wishing to be useful; -kâm ya, a. id.; -kârsya, n. destitution, poverty; -kilbishin, a. transgressing with money; -krikkhra, n. difficult matter; -krit, a. use ful; -kritya, n., â, f. accomplishment of an affair; -grahana, n. taking away of money; import of the meaning; -ghna, a. (î) pro digal; -kitta, a. intent on riches; -kintaka,a. knower of the useful; -gâta, n. sg. pl. money; things, objects; -gña, a. understanding the matter or the meaning; -tattva, n. real state of things; fact of a matter; true sense: -tas, ad. for a purpose; for the sake of (--°ree;); for the sake of gain; in truth, really, according to the meaning; -trishnâ, f. thirst for gold, avarice; -tva, n. serviceableness for (--°ree;); -da, a. useful; liberal; -datta, m. N. of wealthy merchants; -darsana, n.judging a matter; -dâna, n. present in money; -dûshana, n. prodigality; unjust seizure of property.
ardhacandra m. half-moon; ar row with half-moon-shaped head; hollowed hand: -m dâ, seize by the throat; -ka, m. bent hand; -bhâgin, a. seized by the throat; -mu kha, a. having a half-moon-shaped point.
alaṅghanīya fp. not to be over taken; not to be overstepped; unapproach able; -ayat, pr. pt. not infringing.
avagantavya fp. to be understood; to be concluded from (ab.); -gantri, m. one who understands; -gama, m., -na, n. understanding, cognizance, ascertainment; -gâha, m. immersion; washing; bathing: -na, n. id.; -gâhin, a. reaching to; engaging in (--°ree;); -gunthana, n. veiling; veil: -vat, a. veiled; -gûrana, n. roaring, raging; -graha, m. hindrance; obstacle; drought; division of a word; pause, mark of elision (gr.); -grâha, m. drought; -grâham, abs. separating the words; -grâhin, a. separating; -gharsha- na, n. rubbing off; -ghâta, m. blow; un husking by pounding.
avalamba a. hanging down; m. attachment to; support, prop; -ana, a. (î) hanging to, leaning on; n. hanging down; at tachment to, resting upon (--°ree;); dependence; support; tarrying; -itavya,fp. to be clung to; -in, a. hanging down; reclining or leaning on; attached to; dependent on (--°ree;).
avikāra m. no change, no dis figurement; a. subject to no change; -in, a. not changing; not moving a muscle: -i-tâ, f. abst. n.; -ya, fp. unchangeable.
asamāna a. unequal; not shared by others; n. no corresponding condition; -grâma, a. belonging to a different village.
asāda a. unflagging.
asūya a. grumbling, angry: â, f. grumbling, displeasure, anger, grudge: -ka, a. grumbling, angry, grudging.
astrī f. no woman; no feminine=m. and n. (gr.); -sambhogin, a. lying with no woman.
asmatkūlīna a. belonging to our family; -samîpa-tas, ad. near us.
astābhilāṣin a. verging towards sunset.
ākarṣa m. attraction; -ana, a. (î) attracting; n. pulling; attraction; -ikâ, f. N. of a city; -in, a. dragging along.
ākara m. scatterer, bestower; abun dance, plenty; mine; origin: -ga, a. mineral; -in, a. arising from mines, mineral.
āgati f. arrival, return (-tva, n. abst. n.); origin; coming up to, joining.
ākṣepa m. turning up (soil); quiv ering, convulsion; putting on (salve); throw ing off; abandonment; enrapturing (g. or --°ree;); reference to (--°ree;); hint; challenge; abuse, af front; -na, a. (î) ravishing, charming; -rûpaka, n. kind of simile; -valana, n. swaying (of the arms); -sûtra, n. thread for stringing pearls; -½upamâ, f. kind of simile.
āgnāvaiṣṇava a. belonging to Agni-Vishnu.
āgama a. coming up; m. arrival, occurrence; origin; course (of streams); af fluence, revenue, property; acquisition; learn ing, knowledge; science; precept, tradition; manual, code; augment (gr.); -na, n. coming, arrival; origin; sexual intercourse; -vat, a. having sexual intercourse; -sruti, f. tradi tion; -½apâyin, a. coming and going.
ācāra m. behaviour; good con duct; usage, custom, observance, rule: °ree;--, customary: -maya, a. ceremonious, devoted to etiquette; -lâg&abrevcirc;, m. f. pl. customary parched grain; -vat, a.well-behaved, virtuous; -vya peta, pp. diverging from usage; -½apeta, a. id.; -hîna, pp. neglectful of the rules of conduct.
ātmecchā f. longing for the universal soul; -½îsvara, m. master of oneself.
ādi m. [taking in hand: â+√ dâ] beginning: lc. in the --, at first; --°ree;, beg. with= and the rest, etc. (often -ka); -kartri, m. original creator; -kesava, m. ep. of Vishnu; -tas, ad. from or in the beg., at first; --°ree;, from onwards: -tâ, f. being the beginning, origin.
ādādika a. belonging to the Ad class (gr.).
ātharvaṇa a. (î) belonging to A tharvan or the Atharvans; m. descendant of Atharvan or the Atharvans; Brâhman conversant with the AV.; conjuror; the AV.; i-ká, m. follower of the AV.
ādima a. first; -mat, a. having a beginning; -mûla, n. original cause; -va râha, m. original boar, ep. of Vishnu.
ādiparvata m. chief mountain; -purusha, m. original ancestor; primeval spirit; -pûrusha, m. primeval spirit, ep. of Vishnu; -bhava, a. produced in the beginning; -bhûta, pp. being the first among (g.).
āditya a. belonging to the Âdi tyas; divine; relating to the sun; -kandra, m. du. sun and moon; -prabha, m. N. of a king; -mandalá, n. sun's orb; -vat, ad. like the sun; -varna, a. sun-coloured; -varman, -sena, m. Ns. of kings.
āditya a. belonging to or descended from Aditi; m. son of Aditi; sun: pl. a class of gods; n. N. of a lunar mansion.
ādhī f. longing, care, anxiety.
ādhāna n. laying or placing on; kindling of the sacred fires; impregnation; ceremony preceding impregnation; produc tion; pledging; employment: -hetu, a. occasioning the creation of (--°ree;).
ādyanta n. sg., m. du. beginning and end; --°ree;, a. beginning and ending with: -vat, a. having a beginning and an end.
ānayana n. bringing near or back; procuring; producing; -itavya, fp. to be brought near.
āndolaka m. swing; -ana, n. swinging.
ābhijana a. patronymic; -gâtî, f., -gâtya, n. nobility; -gñânika, a. relating to cognition; -dhânika, m. lexicographer; -plavika, a. belonging to the abhiplava; -mukhya, n. direction towards (ac., g., --°ree;); -râmika, a. amiable; -sheka, -shekanika, a. (î) referring to the inauguration of a king.
āyaji a. bringing by sacrifice; -ishtha, spv. (&asharp;-) of âyagí.
āmuṣmika a. (î) belonging to the next world.
ārambha m. setting about; under taking; beginning; -na, n. taking hold; handle; support; make-shift; -nîya, fp. to be begun with: â, f. N. of certain verses; -tâ, f. beginning; -ruki, a. enterprising: -tâ, f. de light in undertakings.
āropa m. placing upon; attribu tion; substitution for, identification with (lc.); -aka, a. planting (--°ree;); -ana, n. causing to ascend; setting up; putting on; stringing (a bow); identification; -anîya, fp.that should be caused to ascend (lc.); -ita, pp. cs. from √ ruh; -ya, fp. to be placed upon.
āryarāja m. N. of a king; -rûpa, a. having the air of respectability; -li&ndot;gin, a. bearing the marks of respectability; -var man, m. N. of a king; -vâk, a. speaking an Aryan tongue; -vidagdha-misra, a. honour able, learned, &c. &c. (honorific designation); -vritta, n. honourable behaviour; a. behav ing honourably; -vesha, a. respectably dressed; -vrata, a. behaving like an Aryan; -sîla, a. of honourable character; -samaya, m. ordi nance of honourable men; -suta, m.=ârya putra (husband); -strî, f. woman of the upper castes.
ārya a. (â or î) belonging to the faith ful, of one's own tribe; honourable, noble; m. Âryan (Vedic Indian); man of the first three castes; man of worth: voc. sir, friend; â, f.; Âryâ verse; a metre; -ka, m. man of worth; N. of a king; -guna, m. noble quality; -grihya, a. siding with the noble; -ketas, a. noble-minded; -gana, m. Âryans, honourable people; -gushta, pp. approved by the honourable; -tâ, f., -tva, n.honourableness; -dâsî, f. N.; -duh itri, f. daughter of a noble (honorific mode of addressing a female friend); -desa, m. dis trict inhabited by Âryans; -desya, a. coming from an Âryan district; -putra, m. son of an Âryan,honorific designation of (1) son of person addressed; (2) husband; (3) sovereign; -prâya, a. inhabited chiefly by Âryans; -buddhi, a. noble-minded; -bhata, m. N. of two astronomers: î-ya, n. work composed by Ârya bhata.
ālarka a. belonging to a mad dog.
ālamba a. hanging down; m. hold, support; -ana, n. holding fast to; supporting (--°ree;); hold, support; foundation; -in, a. hanging down; attached to, resting on, reaching down to, dependent on, supporting (--°ree;).
ārabhya gd. beginning with (ab. or --°ree;).
ārṣabha a. belonging to --, of a bull.
āvaha a. bringing, effecting (--°ree;).
āvasati f. night's lodging; quar ters; -athá, m. id.; abode; -ath-ya, m. sacred domestic fire.
āśramin a. belonging to one of the religious stages.
āśvina a. (î) like horsemen; (á) be longing or sacred to the Asvins; m. N. of a rainy month; -kratu, m. N. of a rite in the prâtaranuvâka; -satra, n. N. of a modifica tion of the prâtaranuvâka.
āsamāpti ad. up to the end, from beginning to end.
āskanda m. leaping up; attack; -ana, n. attack; -in, a. springing upon (--°ree;); bestowing.
āsura a. (&isharp;) spiritual, divine; belonging to the demons or Asuras, demon-like; m. Asura; &isharp;, f. female Asura.
āhara a. (--°ree;) bringing; m. offering (a sacrifice): -ana, n. fetching; offering (sacrifice): -î-kri, present, bestow; -trí, m. bringer; taker; causer (ac.); performer.
idamādi a. beginning with this.
indrayu a. longing for Indra.
ityādi a. beginning thus=and so on; n. this and the like, and so on, &c.
iyakṣu des. a. longing.
indriya a. belonging to, like or dear to Indra; m. companion of Indra; n. Indra's might; dominion; mighty deed; vigour, energy; semen virile; organ of sense; -kâma, a. desirous of might; -grâma, m.totality of the senses; -nigraha, m. restraint of the senses; -sakti, f. power of the senses; -samyamá, m. restraint of the senses.
īṅkhana n. swinging.
ihatya a. belonging to this place.
avadola m. swinging, rocking.
utkarṇa a. pricking up the ears; -tâla, a. beginning to flap its ears.
utkaya den. P. fill with longing.
utkaṇṭha a. having the neck out stretched; longing; amorous: -m, ad. long ingly, -kârin, a. causing longing; -kanthâ, f. longing; love-sick yearning.
utka a. longing or eager for (inf. or --°ree;); n. longing, eagerness.
uṇādi m. pl. Unâdi suffixes, class of primary suffixes beginning with u (gr.).
utkalikā f. longing; love-sick yearning; bud; wave.
utpatti f. coming into being, birth; origin; mine; new birth, regeneration; pro duce; productiveness; occurrence, esp. of or in a Vedic passage: -dhâman, n. birthplace; -mat, a. produced, born.
uttha a. arising; springing up; pro ceeding from, originating in (--°ree;); -thâ-ta vya, fp. n. one should rise; one should be up and doing; -th&asharp;na, m. originator; n. rising; rise (of heavenly bodies); resurrection; insurrection, tumult; exertion, activity; origin: -vat, a. strenuous, -vîra, m. man of action; -thâpana, n. raising; awakening; -thâya, gd. having arisen; -thây-in, a. rising; appearing; active, strenuous: -i-tva, n. abst. n.; -thita, pp. √ sthâ.
utsuka a. uneasy, agitated; eager; yearning; longing for (lc., prati, or --°ree;); *anxious about (in., lc.): -tâ, f. uneasiness; eagerness, zeal; longing, yearning; -vadana, a. having a yearning face.
utsarpaṇa n. rising; going out; stepping forward; -in, a. springing up; breaking forth, coming to light; soaring up wards: (n)-î, f. ascending cycle.
udaka n. water; ablution; libation to the Manes: -m kri, dâ, or pra-dâ, present libation of water to the dead (d., g.); -m kri, perform the prescribed ablutions; -m upa-spris, touch various parts of the body with water as prescribed; -karman, n. libation of water to the Manes; -kârya, n. id.; ablution; -kriyâ, f.=udaka-karman; -tarpana, n. li bation with water; -dâna, n. id.; -dâyin, a. offering the funeral libation ofwater; -pûr va, a. beginning with a pouring out of water; -maya, a. consisting of water only; (á)-vat, a. supplied with water; -vatî, f. girl's N.; -sparsana, n. contact with water; ablution.
udaya m. rising; rise (of sun or moon), break (of dawn); gathering (of clouds); N. of the mythical mountain behind which sun and moon are supposed to rise; appearance, arising, production, beginning; consequence, result; success; prosperity; gain; income, revenue; interest; -giri, m. sunrise mountain; -gupta, m. N. of a man; -tata, m. slope of Mount Udaya.
udanya a. surging, watery: â, f. desire for water, thirst; -yú, a. desirous of water; -vát, a. surging; abounding in water; m. ocean.
udaghāta m. blow; jolt, shock; dis cussion; beginning; -in, a. rough, rugged.
udgama m. rise (of heavenly bodies); ascent; rising, elevation, breaking forth, ap pearance; springing up; shoot; departure; -tva, n. abst. n.
udgati f. coming forth, springing up.
udbandha m. hanging oneself; -na, n. id.; hanging (a criminal).
uddāna n. tying up; stringing.
udbhūti f. origin; appearance; ex altation; prosperity.
udbhava m. origin, birth, appear ance; birthplace; --°ree;, a. arising or produced from: -kshetra, n. place of origin.
udvega m. tremor, heaving, surging; uneasiness, agitation; objection; -kara, a. (î) causing uneasiness, distressing, agitating, alarming; -kâraka, -kârin, a. id.; -krit, a. causing aversion.
unmukha a. (î) having the face upturned; upward; looking up towards; longing for; expecting; ready for, about to (--°ree;): -m, ad. upwards; -tâ, f. desire, expect ancy: -darsana, n. upward gaze.
upakrama m. approach; applica tion, treatment; beginning; design, scheme; first project of a work; means, expedient; -anîya, fp. to be begun; -krânta, (pp.) n. beginning; -krâmya, fp. to be treated (disease).
upaghāta m. blow; injury, damage; infringement; -ka, a. injuring, hurting; in fringing.
upaja a. belonging to (g.); proceed ing from (--°ree;).
upanyāsa a. procuring; m. ad junction; procurement; incidental mention, intimation; statement, declaration; discus sion; kind of alliance or peace: -m, ad. while alleging (--°ree;).
upanaya m. bringing, supplying; application; introduction: -na, n. id.; initi ation of a pupil; investiture; offering.
upamantrin a. encouraging.
upapādaka a. effecting, bring ing about; -na, a. bringing forward; n. pro curement; appearance; demonstration.
upākaraṇa n. preparation; be ginning of Vedic study; -karman, n. id.
upahāra m. offering; presenta tion, gift; peace purchased by indemnifica tion: -m vi-dhâ, offer (ac.) as a victim: a-ka, m., i-kâ, f. id.; -tâ, f., -tva, n. abst. n.: -pâ- ni, a. bringing a present in one's hand; -var man, m. N.; î-kri, offer up, sacrifice (ac.); î-kikîrshu, des. a. wishing to offer up as a sacrifice (ac.).
ubhayātmaka a. belonging to both sets.
upodghāta m. introduction; be ginning; apt instance.
ullola a. [ud + lola] violently agitated, surging.
ūḍhi f. carrying, bringing.
ṛkvat a. singing, shouting; m. singer (a class of gods); -van, a. id.
urmya a. surging; â, f. night.
ṛghāvat ríghâ-vat, ˚van a. raging, stormy.
ekapatikā a. having the same husband; -patni-tâ, f. having one wife in common; -patnî, f. (é-) wife of any one man, faithful spouse; a. pl. having one and the same husband; -pád (or é-), strong base -pâd, f. -padî, a. one-footed; -pada, n. one and the same spot: -m, lc. at once, suddenly, in a trice; a. (é-) one-footed; only one step long: -m, ad. in short; -padâ, f. verse consisting of one pâda; -padî, f. foot-path; -pará, a. marked with one point (die); -pâna, m. single wager or stake; -pâtin, a. isolated, separate; connected: pl. taken together; -pâda, m. one foot; a. (é-) one-footed; -pârthiva, m. sole monarch; -pi&ndot;ga, m.(quite brown) ep. of Kubera: -la, m. id.: -½akala, m. Kubera's mountain, i. e. the Himavat; -pîta, a. quite yellow; -prakhya, a. homogeneous; uniform; -phala, a. bearing the same fruit as (--°ree;); -buddhi, a.unanimous; simple-minded; m. N. of a fish; f. simple conception (ph.); -bhakta, pp. serving or kept by one master; n. eating one meal a day; -bhakti-ka, a. taking only one meal a day; -bhaksha, m. sole food; -bhâva, m.simplicity, straightforwardness, sincerity; a. having one and the same nature; honest, sincere; behaving uprightly towards (g.); -bhâvin, a. becoming one, coalescing; -bhû- ta, pp. undivided; closely attentive; -bhû mi½îsvara, m. sole ruler of earth; -bhogin, a. eating only once a day; -mati, f. unanimity; concentration of mind; a. unanimous; -manas, a. having the mind fixed on one object, attentive (sts. --°ree;); unanimous; -maya,a. (î) consisting exclusively of, quite filled with (--°ree;); -mukha, a. superintended by one; -mûrti, f. one person; -mûla, a. having a single root.
ekaika a. one each time, each singly, every single (sts. pl.): -m, ad.: -vritti, a. belonging to each single object; -sas, ad. one by one, singly, severally.
etadanta a. ending with this or these; -artham, ad. for this purpose, there fore; -avastha, a. being in this condition; being of such a kind; referring thereto; -îya, pos. prn. his, her, their; -yoni, a.having this origin; -vasa, a. dependent on him.
evaṃkarman a. having acted thus; -gata, pp. being in such a plight, so circum stanced: lc. such being the case; -guna, a. having such qualities or excellences: -½upeta, pp. endowed with such qualities or excellences; -tarkin, a. conjecturing thus; -darsin, a. seeing or judging thus.
aindra a. (î) belonging to or coming from Indra, Indra-like; n. N. of a lunar mansion.
aiṇa aina, aiṇeya a. belonging to the black antelope.
aihika a. belonging to or occurring in this world, terrestrial, temporal.
aiśvara a. (î) befitting a lord, majestic; belonging to Siva; n. supreme dominion; -ya, n. position of a great lord; kingly state; supreme dominion; control; lordship or do minion of (g., lc., --°ree;); kingdom: -vat, a. possessed of supreme power.
aiśa a. belonging to Siva (îsa).
aibha a. (î) belonging to an elephant.
autpattika a. (î) original, innate, natural.
auṇādika a. belonging to the Unâdi-sûtras.
oṣṭha m. [ava-stha, hanging down], upper lip, lip (a. --°ree;, f. î).
aurabhra a. belonging to a ram or sheep; -ika, m. shepherd.
aupendra a. belonging to Vishnu.
auddhārika a. belonging to the share deducted.
audumbara a. (î) belonging to the Udumbara tree; made of Udumbara wood.
auśīnara a. (î) belonging to the people of Usînara; î, f. N. of a wife of Purûravas.
auśanasa a. (î) belonging to Usa nas; m., î, f. pat. descendant of Usanas; n. law-book composed by Usanas.
aurva a. (î) belonging to the earth; -ra, a. coming from the earth (dust).
kathodaya m. beginning of a story; statement; -½udghâta, m. beginning of a narrative.
kanyā f. girl, virgin; daughter; Virgo (in the Zodiac); -½âgâra, n. women's apart ments; -griha, n. id.; -tva, n. virginity; -dâtri, m. man who gives a daughter in mar riage; -dâna, n. bestowal of a daughter in marriage; -dûshin, a. deflowering a virgin; -pura, n. women's apartments; -bhâva, m. virginity; -bhaiksha, n. begging for a girl; -maya, a. consisting of a maiden or daughter; -vat, a. having a daughter; m.father of a daughter; -vedin, m. son-in-law; -vrata, n. monthlies: -sthâ, f. menstruating woman.
kanīna a. young, youthful: -ká, m. boy, youth: &asharp;, f. girl, virgin; (&isharp;na)-ka, m., a-kâ, i-kâ, f. pupil of the eye.
karṣa m. dragging; ploughing; a weight (=16 mâshas); -aka, a. dragging about, harassing (--°ree;); ploughing, cultivating; m. busbandman; -ana, a.=karshaka: n. bring ing; driving out; pulling; tormenting; plough ing, agriculture; bending a bow; -in, a. drag ging along; inviting; ploughing; m. culti vator; -&usharp;, f. furrow; trench; incision.
kalā f. small part, esp. one-sixteenth; sixteenth part of the moon's disc; interest on capital; small division of time (ranging be tween 8 seconds and about 2 1/2 minutes accord ing to different statements); artistic skill; art (of which there are 64); -keli, a. practising an art as an amusement; -gña, a. understand ing an art or the arts; m. artist; -dhara, a. possessing an art or the arts; m. moon; -nâtha, m. moon;-nidhi, m. id.
kalpa a. feasible, possible; able to, fit for (g., lc., inf., --°ree;); nearly equal to, like (--°ree;); after an a. --°ree;, almost; m. precept, rule, usage, manner; body of rules on ritual (one of the six Vedâ&ndot;gas); cosmic period (=a day of Brahma=1000 Yugas). prathamah kal pah, chief rule, original law.
kalpya fp. to be assigned; to be imagined.
kāṅkṣaṇīya fp. desirable; -â, f. desire for (--°ree;); -in, a. desirous of, longing for, waiting for (ac. or --°ree;).
kāmarasika a. indulging in love; libidinous; -rûpa, n. any form desired; a. assuming any form at will; m. pl. N. of a people in western Assam; -rûpin, a. id.; -vat, a. enamoured; -varsha, a.raining as desired; -vâda, m. talking as one lists; -vâs in, a. changing one's abode at pleasure; -vritta, pp. indulging one's desires, pleasure-loving; -sara, m. arrow of Kâma; -sâsana, m. ep. of Siva; -sâstra, n. treatise on love, T. of various works; -sû, a. granting desires; -sûtra, n. a Sûtra treating of love; -haituka, a. caused by desire only.
kārṣṇa a. (î) coming from the black antelope; belonging to or composed by Krish na; n. hide of the black antelope.
kālapakva pp. ripened by time; -paryaya, m. course of time; -paryâya, m. id.; -pâsa, m. noose of the god of death; -pâsika, m. hangman; -purusha, m. time personified; minion of the god of death;-prabhu, m. lord of seasons, the moon; -prâpta, pp. brought by time; -bhogin, m. black snake; -megha, m. black cloud.
kāśyapa a. (î) belonging to Kasyapa; m. pat. descendant of Kasyapa.
kāśmīra a. (î) belonging to Kas mîra; m. king of Kasmîra: pl. N. of a people and a country; n. saffron: -ka, a. belonging to Cashmere; i-kâ, f. princess of Cashmere; -ga, n. saffron.
kutastya a. coming from whence? with api, of unknown origin.
kumārī f. girl, virgin; daughter; (î)-pura, n. part of harem where girls live; -bhâga, m. daughter's portion.
kulya a. referring or belonging to a family.
kulīna a. noble (of race and char acter); belonging to the race of (--°ree;): -tva, n. noble birth; -îya, a. belonging to the family of (--°ree;).
kimīya a. belonging to whom or what place?
kūpa m. [ku½ap-a], pit, hole; well: -ka, m. little well; -kâra, m. well-digger; -kûr ma, m. tortoise in a well=unsophisticated person; -khanana, n. digging of a well; -khânaka, m. well-digger;-kakra, n. water wheel; -dardura, m. frog in a well=unsophis ticated person; -yantra, n. water-wheel.
kṛṣṇāguru n. kind of aloe; -½aginá, n. skin of the black antelope.
kṛṣṇagati m. (black-pathed), fire; -katurdasî, f. 14th day of the dark half= new moon; -ganma½ashtamî, f. a certain eighth day which is Krishna's birthday; -tâ, f., -tva, n. blackness; -nayana, -netra, a. black-eyed; -paksha, m. dark fortnight (full moon to new moon); -bhûma, m. black soil; -bhogin, m. kind of black snake; -mukha, a. (î) black-mouthed; -mriga, m. black ante lope; -yagurveda, m. Black Yagur-veda.
kaiśava a. belonging to Kesava (Krishna or Vishnu).
kauñjara a. (î) belonging to an ele phant.
kaukṣeya m. (belonging to a sheath), sword: -ka, m. id.; knife.
kaumāra a. (î) relating to a youth or virgin; youthful; relating to Kumâra (god of war); n. childhood, youth; innocence of youth, virginity; -kârin, a. practising chas tity; -vrata, n. vow of chastity:-kârin, a. practising a vow of chastity.
kauṭumba a. requisite for the household; n. affinity; -ika, a. belonging to or constituting a family; m. father of a family.
kauśāmbī f. N. of a city: -ya, a. belonging to Kausâmbî.
kaurava a. (î) belonging to the Kurus; m. pat. descendant of Kuru; -eya, m. pl. descendants of Kuru; -yá (+kaúrav ya), m. pl. id.=Pândavas; N. of a people.
krakṣ only pr. pt. krákshamâna, (V.) raging, roaring.
kaunda a. (î) belonging to or made of jasmine.
kausalya a. belonging to the Ko salas; m. king of the Kosalas; â, f. queen of Kosala (mother of Râma).
krauḍa a. (î) belonging to the boar.
krodha m. anger: -kakshus, n. angry eye; -ga, a. springing from wrath; -mukha, a. (î) angry-faced; -vasa, m. power of anger.
kṣobha m. swaying, tremor; jolting, agitation; -ana, a. shaking, agitating; -ayitri, m. prime mover or originator.
khanati m. N.; -ana, n. digging; -í, a. digging; f. mine; -i-trí, m. digger.
khanitra n., -trâ, f. spade; (i)-tra ka, n. small spade; í-trima, a. produced by digging.
khānaka a. digging (--°ree;); m. under mining burglar.
khela a. swinging, swaying, rocking; m. N.: -gamana, a. of playful gait; -ana, n. flying or moving to and fro; restless mo tion (of the eye): -ka, n. play, sport; -i, f. (?) play, sport.
garbhāgāra n. womb; bed chamber; lying-in room; inner sanctuary; -½âdi, a. beginning with conception; -½âdhâ na, n. impregnation; a certain ceremony preceding impregnation; -½ashtama,m. eighth year after conception.
gāḍha pp. (√ gâh) bathed in; deep; fast tight, close; strong, vehement:°ree;--or-m, ad.-ly; -tâ, f., -tva, n. depth; vehemence, intensity; -nidra, a. sound asleep; -½nurâgin, a. deeply enamoured.
gāṅga a. (î) belonging to the Ganges; m. met. of Bhîshma; -eya, -yá, m. id.
gaveṣaṇa a. ardently desirous; longing for battle; n. search; -½eshin, a. seek ing (--°ree;).
guṭikā f. pellet; pill; pearl: -½añgana, n. collyrium in globules; -pâta, m. fall of the ball, casting lots; -½astra, n. bow discharging clay pellets.
gītācārya m. teacher of singing.
guṇakarman n. unessential secondary action; remote object (gr.); -ka lusha, n. coalescence of the three fundamental qualities; -kritya, n. function of a bow-string; -gana, m. multitude of excel lences; -grihya, a. appreciating excellences; -grahana, n. recognition of merit, eulogy; -grâma, m. multitude of virtues; -grâhin, a. appreciating merit; -ghâtin, a. detract ing from merit; -kkheda, m. breaking of the ropeand disappearance of virtue; -gña, a. recognising merits: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -tantra, a. guided by virtue; -tas, ad. conformably to the fundamental qualities; with regard to good qualities; -tâ, f. subordinateness; ex cellence; -tyâgin, a. forsaking virtue; -tva, n. consistency of a rope; accessoriness; excel lence; -deva, m. N. of a pupil of Gunâdhya.
gurukarman n. affair of the teacher; -kârya, n. important business; -kula, n. teacher's house: -vâsa, m. sojourn in a teacher's house, tutelary stage in a Brâhman's life; -krita, pp. made much of, lauded; -kratu, m. great sacrifice; -griha, n. pre ceptor's house; -gana, m. venerable person, father, mother, parents; -talpa, m. teacher's conjugal bed; violation of one's preceptor's bed: -ga, -gâmin, a. defiling a teacher's conjugal bed, -½abhigamana, n. violation of one's teacher's bed; -talpin, a. = -talpa ga; -tâ, f. heaviness; importance; dignity; condition of a teacher; -tva, n. id.; proso dical length: -ka, n. heaviness; -darsana,n. sight of one's teacher; -dâra, m. teacher's wife; -dhur, f. pl. severe task; -patnî, f. teacher's wife; -pûgâ, f. reverence towards a teacher; -prasâdanîya, fp. obliging to one's teacher; -prasûta, pp. permitted or bidden by elder relatives; -bhâryâ, f. teacher's wife.
gṛhakapota m. domestic pigeon; -karma-kara, m. domestic; -karma-dâsa, m. domestic slave; -karman, n. household affair; -kâraka, m. carpenter; -kârin, m. kind of wasp; -kârya, n. household affair; -kritya, n. id.; kind of tax; -gupta, (pp.) m. N.; -kkhidra, n. hole or weak point in the house; -ga, a. born in the house; -gana, m. family; -gâta, pp. born in the house; -dâru, n. beam of a house; -dâha, m. con flagration; -dîpti, f. light (=ornament) of the house; -devatâ, f. pl. domestic deities; -dvâra, n. house-door; -nadikâ, f. drain of a house; -nirvâha, m. housekeeping; -pá, m. guardian of the house; (á)-pati, m. master of the house, paterfamilias; ep. of Agni; one who has precedence at a Sattra; village magistrate; -pâta, m. collapse of a house; -pâla, m. guardian of the house; -poshana, n. maintenance of the household; -bali, m.domestic offering: -bhug, m. bird that feeds on the domestic offering (sparrows, crows, and other birds); -bhartri, m. master of the house; -bhogin, m. member of the house hold; -medhá, 1. m. domestic sacrifice; 2. a.performing or taking part in the domestic sacrifices; m. householder, paterfamilias; -medhín, a. id.; m. married Brâhman house holder (second stage in his religious life): -î, f. Brâhman housewife.
geya fp. to be sung; *singing (g.); n. song; buzzing, humming.
gotraka n. race; family name; -kar tri, m. founder of a family; -kârin, a. found ing a family; -ga, a. born in the same race; of high lineage; m. blood-relation; -nâman, n. family name; -pravara, m.chief of a fa mily, prime ancestor: -dîpa, m., -nirnaya, m., -mañgarî, f. titles of works; -bhâg, a. be longing to the family; -bhíd, a. bursting open the cowshed; destroying families, name-de stroying; m. ep. of Indra (who releases the cows=rain-clouds from the stronghold of Vritra); -riktha, n. du. surname and heri tage: -½amsa-bhâgin, a. assuming the family surname and coming into one's share of the inheritance; -vrata, n. family law;-sthiti, f. id.; mountain-like stability.
ānīti f. bringing near.
gomaya a. consisting of cows; full of cowdung; (m.) n. cowdung (often pl.): -pâ yasîya-nyâya-vat, ad. after the manner of cowdung and milk-food, i. e. widely differing though identical in origin; -maya, a. (î) made of cowdung.
granthiśamana n. (bringing a garment to an end with a knot =) money knot.
grāmakāma a. desirous of a village; fond of village life; -kukkuta, m. (village=) tame cock; -ghâta, m. plundering of a village; -karyâ, f. village ways= sexual enjoyment; -kaitya, m.sacred tree of the village; -gâta, pp. grown in a village or in cultivated soil; -nî, m. leader of a host; chief of a community; *barber (chief person in a village); -tâ, f. number of villages; -dasa½îsa, m. chief of ten villages;-dharâ, f. N. of a rock (supporting villages); -dharma, m. village custom; -nivâsin, a. dwelling in villages, tame (birds); -pishta, pp. ground at home; -yâgaka, -yâgin, a. sacrificing (through avarice) for all members ofthe community (whether admissible or not); -vâsin, a. living in villages, tame (animal); m. villager; -vriddha, m. old man of the village; -sîmâ, f. village field; -sûkara, m. domestic hog.
ghaṭana n. union with (in. or --°ree;): â, f. course of action, doings, practice; striving for (lc. or --°ree;); exertion; discharging (arrows, --°ree;); accomplishment, success; union with (--°ree;); literary composition; procuring, find ing; producing, creating.
cariṣṇu a. moving; unsteady, roaming; belonging to the animal world.
cāturvarṇya n. the four castes; -vimsika, a. belonging to the 24th day; -vid ya, a. versed in the four Vedas; n. the four Vedas; -vaidya, a. versed in the four Vedas; -hotra, a. performed by the fourprincipal priests; n. sacrifice performed by the four principal priests.
cāturmāsī f. day of full moon at the four-monthly sacrifices; -mâsyá, n. period of four months; sacrifice to be offered every four months (at the beginning of the three seasons).
cāturtha a. discussed in the fourth (chapter): -ka, a. occurring every fourth day (fever); -½ahnika, a. belonging to the fourth day.
cāpalatā f. bowstring; -lekhâ, f. N.; -veda, m. archery; -½adhiropana, n. stringing or drawing a bow; -½âropana, n. id.
cāndrāyaṇa m. observer of the moon's course; n. moon-course penance in which the number of mouthfuls eaten decreases by one daily from fifteen at full moon to none at new moon, after which it increases similarly (it may begin either at new or at full moon): -vrata, n. id.
cāla m. shaking, looseness (of the teeth); -aka, m. obstinate person; -ana, n. moving, wagging, motion, shaking; loosening: î, f. sieve; strainer; -ya, fp. to be moved; to be diverted.
cāraṇa a. connected with the school; belonging to the same school; m. strolling player; celestial musician; spy; cattle-driving: -tva, n. condition of a strolling player; -½eka maya, a. (î) consisting of strolling players only.
cikīrṣa des. of √ kri, do; -shâ, f. desire to do or make, longing for (g.; --°ree;); -shita, n. undertaking; purpose, intention; -shu, a. wishing to do, make, fashion, per form, or practise; desirous of (ac., --°ree;).
citraka m. small hunting leopard (Cheeta); n. mark (--°ree;, a. characterised by); picture, painting; -kara, m. painter (a mixed caste); -karman, n. painting; picture; adornment (Pr.); -kûta, m. hill of pleasure; (Bright-peak), N. of a mountain (in Bun delkund, now Kitrakote); N. of a town; -krit, m. painter; -kritya, n. painting; -ga, a., -gata, pp. (belonging to a picture), painted; -gupta, m. N. of a recorder of human actions in Yama's realm; -griha, n. apartment adorned with pictures; -grâvan, a. stony; -grîva, m. Spotted-neck, N. of a pigeon king; -nyasta, pp. put on canvas, painted; -paksha, m. (spotted-wing), kind of pigeon; N. of a demon causing headache; -pata, m. picture; -patta, m. id.: -gata, pp. painted; -putrikâ, f. female portrait; -phalaka, picture-panel, painting; (á)-bhânu, a. shining brightly; m. fire, Agni; -bhâshya, n. eloquence; -bhitti,f. painted wall, wall-painting; -mriga, m. spotted antelope.
cittakheda m. affliction, grief; -kaura, m. heart-stealer, lover; -ga, m. (heart-born), love; Kâma; -ganman, m. id.; -gña, a. knowing the intentions or heart of (g.); having knowledge of human nature; -nâtha, m. heart's lord, lover; -nâsa, m. loss of con sciousness; -nirvritti, f. peace of mind; -pramâthin, a. disturbing the mind; -bheda, m. depression of mind; -bhrama, m. men tal confusion; -bhrânti, f., -moha,m. id.; -yoni, m. (having its origin in the mind), love; -rañgana, n. gladdening of hearts; -vat, a. rational, sensible, wise; -vikâra, m. mental derangement; -viplava, m. id., mad ness; -vislesha, m. alienation of hearts; breach of friendship with (in.); -vritti, f. mental disposition, sentiments, feeling; train of thought; frame of mind, mental process; -hârin, a. ravishing.
cirakāra a. slow, tardy; dilatory; -kâr-i, -kâr-in, a. id.: i-ta, f., i-tva, n. tardi ness, dilatoriness; -kâla, a. belonging to the olden time; m. long time: -m, °ree;--, for a long time; ab. after a long time; on account of the long interval; -krita, pp. long practised; -gîvin, a. long-lived; m. N. of a crow; -dâ tri, m. N. of a prince; -nirvâhya, fp. tak ing a long time to carry out.
cira a. long (time); of long standing; old (friend); belonging to the olden time: -m, ad. long, for a long time; slowly; long ago; too long; -m kri, be long, delay; °ree;--, in., d., ab., g., lc. after a long time; for a long time, long; d., ab., g. also at last, too late; only now; n. delay.
curādi m. pl. list of verbs of the tenth class beginning with kur.
ghaṭādi pl. the gana beginning with ghat (gr.).
codana a. urging, impelling; n., â, f. incitement, invitation; command; precept, prescription; -ayi-tavya, cs. fp. to be cen sured or criticised; -ayitri, m., trî, f. inciter, stimulator, promoter; -i-tri, m.inciter, stimulator, promoter; -ya, fp. to be urged; -censured; -called in question; na kodya, not to be insisted on=matter of course.
caitta a. belonging to the province of thought (kitta), that which is thought; mental.
jaghanya a. hindermost, last, latest; lowest, meanest, worst; of low birth: -ga, a. last-born, youngest; -prabhava, a. of low origin.
janana a. (î) bringing forth; pro ducing; m. producer, creator; î, f. mother; n. birth; existence, life; bringing forth; pro duction; -vat, a. endowed with production.
janus m. n. birth, origin; creation; kind: in. by nature.
janiman n. birth, origin; pro geny; creature; race, kind.
janitva n. wifehood; -divasa, m. birth-day; -mat, a. wedded; having an ori gin; m. creature, man.
janitra n. birth-place, origin: pl. parents; blood-relations.
jani f. woman; wife (pl. fig. the fingers); birth, origin.
janā f. birth, origin.
janya a. belonging to the race, cognate; m. (countryman), groomsman; com mon man; â, f. bridesmaid; n. people, tribe (also -yá); battle.
janmāntara n. another birth, previous or future existence: -gata, pp. born again; -½antarîya, a. belonging to or per formed in a previous existence; -½andha, a. blind by birth; -½âspada, n.birth-place.
janman n. birth, origin, production; appearance; life, existence; birth-place; father; creature, being; race, kind; nature; way, manner; m. offspring of (--°ree;).
jaras f. aging, old age, decrepitude; -as-a, --°ree;, a. id.
jaladāna n. libation of water (fes tival in Uggayinî); -dravya, n. ocean-pro duct, pearl; -dhara, m. (water-bearer), cloud: -mâlâ, f. tract of clouds, -½abhyudaya, m. (rise of the clouds), rainy season; -dhârâ, f. stream of water, shower; -dhi, m. ocean, sea: -tâ, f. abst. n., -rasanâ, f. ocean-girt (earth); -nidhi, m. ocean, sea; -pakshin, m. water bird; -patha, m. sea-voyage; -pâda, m. (water-foot), N. of a frog-king; -pûra, m. full channel (of a river); -pûrusha, m. water pixie; -pravâha, m. current; -plava, m. de luge; -bindu, m. drop of water: -durdina, n. shower of rain; -budbuda, m. water-bub ble; -bhâgana, n. water-vessel; -maya, a. (î) consisting of water; -mânusha, m. (î) fa bulous aquatic being; otter; -muk, a. dis charging rain; m. cloud.
jahatsvārtha a. giving up its original meaning; â, f.=gahal-lakshanâ.
jānukā f. bringing forth (ac.).
jāti f. birth, origin, rebirth; exist ence, life; state; rank, caste; family, tribe, race; genus (opp. species), species (opp. individual), kind, class; disposition; normal character, genuineness: in. -tas, °ree;--, by birth.
jātakarman n. after-birth cere mony; -dosha, a. guilty; -nashta, pp. hav ing appeared and disappeared; -paksha, a. fledged; -prâya, a. almost come to pass; -preta, pp. first born and thendeceased; -mâtra, a. but just born, only just arisen; -rûpa, a. of native beauty, beauteous; golden; n. gold: -maya, a. (î) golden; -vat, a. born; containing a derivative of the √ gan; -vâsaka, n. lying-in room; -vâsa-griha, n. (apart ment in which living takes place), sitting room; (á)-vidyâ, f. science of the origin or of the essence of things, metaphysics; -vi nashta, pp.=gâta-nashta; -visvâsa, a. hav ing confidence engendered, inspired with con fidence; (á)-vedas, a. having knowledge of beings; m. Agni; (C.) fire; -vesman, n. chamber of a new-born infant; lying-in room; -silâ, f. (real=) massive stone; -samkalpa, a. resolved; enamoured.
jāna n. origin, birth-place.
jātya a. belonging to the family, caste, etc. of (--°ree;); related; noble; genuine; native, original (svarita accent).
jātīya a. belonging to the caste, family, race, kind, or genus, of (--°ree;): -ka, a. id.
jālaka n. net; web; lattice; clus ter of buds; multitude; -kâra, m. spider: -ka, m. id.; -gavâksha, m. lattice window; -m dhara, n. N. of a locality; -pâda, m. web footed bird; N. of a magician; -pâsa,m. single thread of a web; -pura, n. N. of a city; -bandha, m. snare, gin; -mâlâ, f. net; -vat, a. having a net; furnished with lattices.
jihvāgra n. tip of the tongue; -mûlîya, a. belonging to the root of the tongue (certain letters); -laulya, n. voracity.
jīvana a. (î) quickening, animat ing; restoring to life (--°ree;); n. restoration to life; existence, life; subsistence; manner of life; maintenance by (--°ree; or in.); water: -yoni, a. having its origin in life; -hetu, m. means of subsistence.
jinendra m. lord of the Ginas, Buddha.
jīra a. swift, active; urging, stimu lating.
jaina a. (î) relating to the Ginas; m. Jain: î, f. doctrine of the Jains.
ṭaṃkārita n. humming; twanging; -krita, n. sound.
tatkartavya fp. n. (necessity to do that), appropriate course of action; -karma kârin, a. following the same occupations; -kârin, a. doing the same thing; -kâla, m. that time, that particular time, previous time: -m, at that time, at the same time; instantly, at once; a. happening at the same time or at once, -parikaryâ, f. immediate hospitality; -kâlîna, a. being at or belonging to that time; simultaneous; -krita, pp.caused thereby; -kshana, m. the same moment: -m, ab., lc., °ree;--, straightway, instantly.
tanaya a. continuing a family; belonging to one's own family; m. son; â, f. daughter; n. progeny; race, family; child.
tadrasa m. essence of it; -râga, m. suffix attached to the name of a people to designate their king; -rûpa, a. of such kind or appearance; of the same kind; -vamsya, m. relative of that ruler; -vaktri, m.propounder of that; -vat, 1. ad. in this way, thus; similarly, likewise, also; 2. a. possess ing or containing that: -tâ, f. conformity, harmony; -vayas, a. of the same age; -víd, a. knowing or versed in that; m. connoisseur; -vidha, a. of such a kind, such, such-like; corresponding thereto: -tva, n. corresponding nature; -vishaya, a. belonging to that cate gory; having that as an object; -vritti, a. living according to that; -vrata, a. fulfilling duties towards him, her, or them.
tadīya a. belonging, referring or proper to him, her, it, them, or that; his, her, its, their; such: -sa&ndot;ga, m. union with her.
taruṇī f. virgin, maiden; young woman.
tāḍāga a. belonging to ponds.
tākṣṇa a. (î) belonging to a carpenter.
talpya a. belonging to the bed; born in the nuptial bed.
tāma m. longing, yearning.
tāradīrgha a. loud and protracted (sound); -nâtha, m. N. of a historian of Bud dhism who lived at the beginning of the 17th century; -mûla, n. N. of a locality.
tāraṇa a. bringing over, delivering; n. crossing over, overcoming; saving.
tārtīya a. belonging to the third; the third; n. a third: -ka, a. belonging to the third; î-ka, a. third.
tairyagyona a. of animal origin; m. animal.
taittirīya m. pl. N. of a school of the Yagur-veda: -ka, a. belonging to the school of the Taittirîyas; -prâtisâkhya, n. Prâtisâkhya of the Taittirîyas; -yagur-veda, m. the Yagur-veda of the Taittirîyas;-sâkhâ, f. the school of the Taittirîyas; -samhitâ, f. the Samhitâ of the Taittirîyas; -½âranyaka, n. an Âranyaka of the Taittirîyas; -½upani shad, f. the Taittirîya Upanishad.
toda m. goader, driver; sting; -ana, n. stinging; -ya, n. kind of cymbal.
tripṛṣṭha a. having or occupying three backs, ridges, or heights; m. Vishnu; -prakâra, a. threefold; -phala, a. bearing three fruits; -bâhu, a. three-armed; -bhâga, m. third part (esp. of the eye in a side-glance); -bhuvana, n. the three worlds: heaven, sky or lower regions, and earth; m. N.: -guru, m. ep. of Siva, -pati, m. ep. of Vishnu; -bhauma, a. three-storied; -madhu, a. who knows or recites the three versesbeginning with madhu (RV. I, xc, 6-8); -mâtra, a. containing three morae; -mârga-gâ, f. ep. of the Ganges; -mûrti, a. having three forms; °ree;--, the trinity, i. e. Brahma, Vishnu, Siva.
traivarṇika m. member of the three upper castes; -vârshika, a. lasting or sufficient for three years; -vikrama, a. be longing to Vishnu (trivikrama); -vidya, a. versed in the three Vedas; n. the three Vedas; study or knowledge of the three Vedas; as semblage of Brâhmans versed in the three Vedas: -vriddha, pp. (old=) learned in the three Vedas; -vidhya, n. triplicity; -vish- tapa: e-ya, m. pl. gods; -vedika, a. (î) re lating to the three Vedas.
traigarta a. belonging to the Trigar tas; m. prince of the Trigartas.
tvāṣṭra a. belonging to Tvashtri; m. Tvashtri's son.
dakṣiṇa a. able, clever, dexterous; right; southern (because when look ing east the right hand is towards the south); south (wind); upright, honest; amiable, obliging; m. right hand or arm;m. n. right side; south; â, f. (sc. go), a good i. e. milch cow, (being the original) sacrificial fee; fee; gift; personified as the wife of Sacrifice.
daṃśa m. bite; stinging insect, gadfly; -aka, m. N. of a prince; -ana, n. biting; bite; coat of mail.
daśālambin a. hanging down with the skirt=dragging.
dākṣiṇātya a. coming from, belonging to, or living in, the South; m. pl. inhabitants of the Deccan.
dāmodarīya a. belonging to (king) Dâmodara.
dāśārha a. belonging to Dasârha (Krishna); m. ep. of Krishna; king of the Dasârhas.
dāśārṇaka a. (ikâ) belonging to the Dasârnas.
dāśataya a. (î) tenfold; belonging to the tenfold Rig-veda.
diśya a. belonging or referring to the quarters or horizon; foreign (ware).
duḥkhakara a. afflicting (g.); -gata, n. adversity, misfortune; -graha, a. hard to comprehend; -kkhedya, fp. hard to destroy; -gîvin, a. living in distress; -tara, cpv. more unpleasant or distressing; n.greater affliction, hardship, or evil; -tâ, f. discomfort, distress, affliction; -duhkha, n. in. with great difficulty; -prâya, a. abounding in woe; -bhâgin, a. having misfortune for one's lot, unfortunate; -bhâg, a. id.
durya a. belonging to the door or house; m., â, f. pl. dwelling.
deśya fp. to be pointed to, exemplary; a. being on the spot, having been present (m. eye-witness); belonging to or current in the country, provincial; native of (--°ree;); bordering or verging on, not far removed from, almost, like (--°ree;).
deśīya a. belonging to the country, provincial; living in, native of (--°ree;); bordering or verging on, not far from, about, like (--°ree;).
daivādyanta a. beginning and ending with a rite in honour of the gods.
daivādika a. belonging to the div or fourth class of verbs.
dola m. swinging; (m.) â, f. swing, often as symbol of doubt; dooly, bamboo litter (carried on four men's shoulders).
daiśika a. relating to place or space; native; belonging to the country of (--°ree;); m. instructor.
dohadin a. having a violent longing for (lc., --°ree;).
dohada m. [corruption of dau(r) hrida] longing of pregnant women; violent desire, for (lc., --°ree;); longing of plants for the touch of a beautiful maiden which elicits their blossoms: -duhkha-sîla, a.suffering from mor bid longing during pregnancy: -tâ, f. morbid condition of longing during pregnancy; -lak shana, n. sign of pregnancy.
doṣātana a. belonging to the evening, nocturnal.
dvārya a. belonging to the door; â, f. door-post.
dvijamaya a. (î) consisting of Brâhmans; -mukhya, m. chief of the twice born, Brâhman; -râga, m. moon; -½rishi, m. priestly sage (=brahmarshi); -li&ndot;gin, a. bearing the distinctive marks of a Brâhman; -vara, m. best among the twice-born, Brâh man; -sreshtha, -sattama, m. id.; -½agrya, m. chief of the twice-born, Brâhman.
dvigotra a. belonging to two fami lies.
dvaijāta a. belonging to or consisting of the twice-born.
dauhṛda n. longing in pregnancy.
dharmanātha m. lawful pro tector; -nitya, a. persistent in duty; -pati, m. lord of order; -patnî, f. lawful wife; -patha, m. path of duty or virtue; -para, -parâyana, a. devoted to duty, righteous; -pâthaka, m. teacher of law, jurist; -pîdâ, f. violation of duty; -pûta, pp. of unsullied virtue; -pratibhû, a. for which justice is surety; -pravaktri, m. teacher of law, jurist; -pravritti, f. practice of virtue, virtuous con duct; -buddhi, a. righteous-minded; N.; -bhaginî, f. woman admitted to the rights of a sister; sister in faith (Pr.); -bhâgin, a. possessed of virtue, virtuous; -bhikshu-ka, m. beggar for virtuous reasons; -bhrit, a. maintaining the law, just (king); -bhrâtri, m. brother in the sacred law, co-religionist; -máya, a. consisting of virtue; -mâtra, n. the manner only; a. relating to attributes only; only attributive; -mârga, m. path of virtue; -mûla, n.source of the sacred law or of justice; -yukta, pp. endowed with virtue, virtuous, just; harmonizing with the law; -yuddha, n. fair contest; -rakshitâ, f. N.; -rata, pp. delighting in virtue; -rati, a. id.; -râg, m. king of justice, ep. of Yama; -râga, m. just king, ep. of Yama; -râgan, m. ep. of Yudhishthira; -ruki, a. delighting in virtue; N. of a Dânava; -lopa, m. neglect of duty; absence of an attribute (rh.); -vat, a. virtuous, just: -î, f. N.; -vardhana, a. increasing virtue (Siva); m. N.; -vâda, m. discourse on virtue or duty; -vâdin, a. discoursing on duty; -vahikâ, f. vehicle of religious merit = account-book of charitable gifts; -vigaya, m. triumph of virtue orjustice; -vid, a. knowing the sacred law or one's duty; versed in customary law; -viplava, m. violation of the law; -vi vekana, n. discussion of the law or of duty; -vriddha, pp. rich in virtue; -vyatikrama, m. transgression of the law; -vyavasthâ, f. judicial decision; -vyâdha, m. N. of a virtuous hunter.
daurhṛda m. rogue; *n. longing of pregnant women.
dhārtarāṣṭra a. (î) belonging to Dhritarâshtra; m. Dhritarâshtra's son, pat. of Duryodhana (pl.=the Kurus); kind of goose.
dhūnana n. shaking, wagging (also pl.).
dhaurjaṭa a. (î) belonging to Siva (Dhurgati).
dhruvaśīla a. permanently resident; not changing one's residence; -sam dhi, m. N.; -siddhi, m. (sure recovery), N. of a physician.
na pcl. not; less (with numerals=not quite by, in. or ab.: ékayâ na vimsati, 19; ekân na trimsat, 29); lest (with pot.); V.: as, like (not exactly, almost; or as it does not coalesce metrically, it may have been an affirmative particle originally= Gk. nai/). When repeated it implies a very strong affirmation (exceptionally a strengthened negation). In a second or later clause it is sometimes replaced by ka, vâ, api vâ, or even dropped. It is often strengthened by api, api ka, u, utá, eva, khalu, ka, ka½api, ka½eva, ked, tu, tu½eva, vâ, atha vâ, ha.
dhvasira a. bestrewn, covered; dusty, obscured; -ti, f. disappearance; one of the four states of a Yogin in which all the consequences of actions disappear; -ra, a. withered; falling off.
nakṣatra n. heavenly body; star; constellation; lunar mansion (originally 27, later 28 were enumerated: personified as daughters of Daksha and wives of the moon): -nâtha, m. (lord of the stars), moon; -patha, m. course of the stars, starry heavens; -pâthaka, m. astrologer; -mâlâ, f. wreath or group of stars; elephant's head-ornament.
nanu ad. not (emphatic); inter. pcl. not? (=nonne), surely? with inter. prn. or impv. pray; nanu ka, surely (at the begin ning of a sentence); nanu½astu--tathâ½api, well, even granting--yet; nanu mâ bhut tathâ½api, well, even granting that--is not the case -yet (nanu here to be taken with the apodosis); nanu is frequently used by com mentators to state a supposed objection, which is disposed of with a followingukyate, to this the reply is as follows.
nayana n. bringing, conducting, leading to (--°ree;); eye (guiding organ): -tva, n. abst. n.
narayāna n. palanquin; -rûpa, n. human form; -loka, m. world of men: -pâla, m. prince, king; -vara, m. excellent man: -½uttama, spv. best of excellent men; -var man, m. N. of a prince; -vâhana, a.drawn by men; m. ep. of Kubera; N.: -datta, m. N. of a prince: -karita, n. adventures of Naravâhanadatta; -vâhana-datt-îya, a. be longing to Naravâhanadatta; -vâhin, a. borne by men: w. yâna, n. palanquin; -vishâna,n. human horn=chimera; -vîra, m. heroic man: -loka, m.=children of men; -vyâghra, -sâr dûla, m. tiger-like man=most illustrious of men; -sreshtha, spv. best of men; -sakha, m. friend of Nara, ep. of Nârâyana; -simha, m. lion among men=great warrior; man-lion (the fourth Avatâr of Vishnu); -hari, m. man lion, Vishnu's fourth Avatâr.
dolotsava m. swinging festival.
nalanāman a. named Nala; -mârgana, n. search for Nala; -vâgin, m. horse of Nala; -sa&ndot;kâ, f. suspicion of its being Nala; -sâsana, n. command of Nala; -sam nidhi, f. presence of Nala; -sârathi, m. charioteer of Nala; -siddha, pp. prepared by Nala; -½amâtya, m. minister of Nala; -½asva, m. Nala's horse.
nāgara a. belonging to the town, town-bred, urban; polished; adroit; m. citizen.
nānā ad. variously, in different places, separately; often, esp. °ree;--, used like an adjec tive, different, various, manifold; -½âkâra, a. various, sundrv; -gati, m. wind; -tva, n. dif ference; manifoldness; -digdesa, m.: ab. sg. from various quarters, from all parts of the world; -devatya, a. addressed to various gods; -desa, m. sg. various regions; -desîya, -desya, a. pl. belonging to various lands; -dhâtu-sata,n. pl. hundreds of various minerals; -dhâtu-samâkîrna, pp. filled with various minerals; -pakshi-gana½âkîrna, pp. filled with flocks of various birds; -pakshi nishevita, pp. frequented by various birds; -mantra½ogha-siddhi-mat, a. possessed of a number of efficacious spells; -mriga-gana, m. pl. flocks of various animals; -rasa, a. having various sentiments (drama); -rûpa, a. hete rogeneous; -½argha-mahâratna-maya, a. consisting of various priceless precious stones; -½artha, a. having different meanings; con taining something different; N. word with several meanings; new sentence; -varna½â kriti, a. of various colours and shapes; -vi dha, a.various, manifold; -strî, f. pl. women of different castes.
nāsadāsīya a. relating to RV. X, 129 (which begins n&asharp;sad âsît).
nāman n. (f. --°ree; a. -mnî or less commonly -man) mark, token; form, manner; name, appellation; mere name (opp. reality), trace; personal name (opp. family name or gotra); nature; kind, race; good name, fame (only --°ree; a.); noun (gr.): nâma kri, Â. take a name; -grah, mention the name; -bhri, bear a name; -kri, -dâ, or -dhâ, give a name; nâmnâ kri or vi-dhâ, name (2 ac.); n&asharp;ma, ad. by name (sts. nâmnâ or nâmatas is redun dantly added); indeed, certainly, of course; perhaps; with inter. then, pray; with impv. ever so much, no matter if; api nâma, with pot. at the beginning of a sentence, perhaps;emphasizes a preceding word more strongly than api; mâ nâma, ± pot. would that not, if only not; nanu nâma, surely.
nārmada a. belonging to the Nar madâ.
nidarśaka a. seeing; announcing; -darsana, a. (î) showing; announcing; teaching; n. seeing, sight; reference to (--°ree;); showing, authority, evidence; instance, example, illustration; symptom; prognostic; system; contradictory instance; -darsin, a. (--°ree;) seeing, understanding; pleasing; -dâghá, m. heat, hot season, summer: -dhâman, m. sun, -½avadhi, m. hot season; -dâna, n. rope, halter; prime cause, original form; cause; a class of Buddhistic works: in. originally, essentially, really; -didrâsu, des. a. sleepy; -didhyâsana, n. profound meditation; -di dhyâsitávya, fp. to be profoundly meditated on; -desa, m. command, order; neighbour hood: e sthâ, be at any one's (d.) command.
nāra a. belonging to a man, human; m. man: pl. water.
nirākaraṇa n. expulsion; re pudiation of a wife; removal; disproval; -âkaranîya, fp. to be disproved; -âkari shnu, a. repudiating (ac.); seeking to remove from (ab.); forgetful; -âkartavya, fp. to be disproved; -âkartri, m. contemner of (g.); a. disproving; -âkâ&ndot;ksha, a. expecting nothing; having no desires; requiring no supplement; -âkâra, a. formless, bodiless; having no object, vacant; -âkula, a. not crowded, unfrequented; not confused, orderly; unconcerned, calm; -â kriti, a. formless; neglecting one's religious duties; -âkranda, a. unprotected; affording no protection; m. or n. unsheltered place; -âkri yâ, f.expulsion; disproval; -âgas, a. guiltless; -âgraha, a. not obstinately insisting on any thing; -âkikîrshu, des. a. wishing to refute any one (ac.); -âgîvya, a. affording no livelihood; -âdambara, ad. without much talk (°ree;--); -âta&ndot;ka, a. free from ailment or anxiety; causing no ailment or anxiety; -â- tapa, a. sheltered from the heat of the sun, shady; -âtapatra, a. destitute of an umbrella; -âtithya, n. inhospitable (forest); -âdara, a.showing no respect towards (lc.); -âdhi, a. free from care; -ânanda, a. joyless, sad; -ântra, a. disembowelled; -âpad, a. free from adversity; -âbâdha, a. undisturbed; harm less; frivolous, futile; -âmaya, m. health, welfare; a. healthy, well; salubrious; in fallible; -âmarsha, a. putting up with every thing, apathetic; -âmisha, a. fleshless; hav ing no sensual desires: -½âsin, a. not eating flesh, not carnivorous; -âyata-tva, n. lack of extension, shortness; -âyati, a. having no future; -âyâsa, a. involving no trouble; causing no fatigue; -âyudha, a. unarmed; -ârambha, a. unenterprising, inactive; -â lamba, a. having no support; suspended in the air; self-supported, isolated, affording no support; -âlâpa, a. not talking; -âloka, a. devoid of light, dark; blind, foolish; -âvar ana, a. uncovered, manifest; -âsa, a. having given up all hope or expectation, despairing (of, ac. with prati, d., ab., lc., or --°ree;): -kara, a. taking away all hope of, rendering impos sible, -tva, n. hopelessness; -âsa&ndot;ka, a. fear less; not afraid of (lc.); -âsa&ndot;kya, fp. not to be feared; -âsâ, f. renunciation of all hopes: -½âsanna, pp. verging on despair; -âsitva, n. despair; -âsin, a. having renounced all hope, hopeless; -âsis, a. having no desires or hopes; -âsî-bhû, lose all hope; -âsrama, a. being in none of the four stages of a Brâh man: -pada, a. having no hermitages (forest); -âsramin, a. id.; -âsraya, a. shelterless, un supported; independent; unprotected; -âsa, m. expulsion, exclusion, rejection, repudiation; -âstha, a. taking no interest in, not caring about (--°ree;); -âhâra, m. fasting; a. abstaining from food, having nothing to eat: -tâ, f. abst. n.
nirjana a. deserted, desolate, soli tary; n. solitude: -tâ, f., -tva, n. id., -vana, n. lonely forest; -gaya, m. conquest; -gara, a. not aging, young; m. god; -gala, a. water less; -galada, a. cloudless;-gigamishu, des. a. wishing to go out; -gita-varman, m. N.; -gita½ari-gana, a. having conquered the host of his foes; -giti, f. conquest; -gihîrshu, des. a. wishing to take out or remove; -gîva, a. lifeless, dead; -gîva-karana, n. death-blow (to, g.); -gîvita, a. lifeless: -tva, n. -ness; -getri, m. vanquisher; -gñâna, a. ignorant, stupid.
nirvyañjaka a. testifying; -vyañg ana, a. spiceless: lc. without more ado, straight out; -vyatha, a. free from pain, well; -vyapeksha, a. unconcerned about, indif ferent as to (lc. or --°ree;); -vyalîka, a. not hurting; heartfelt, ungrudging (gift); glad, willing; not false; -vyavadhâna, uncovered, bare (ground); -vyavastha, a. not remain ing in its place, moving about; -vyasana, a. free from vice.
nivapana n. strewing; offering to the Manes; -varta, a. causing to turn back; -vartaka, a. (ikâ) causing to cease, removing; -vártana, a. causing to turn back; n. return; coming down to the earth;cessa tion; abstention from (ab.); inactivity; bringing back; means of return; restraining from (ab.); a certain square measure; -vart anîya, fp. to be led back; -rescinded or made void; -vartin, a. returning; refraining from (ab.); -vasana, n. putting on (clothes); n. garment; -vaha, m. crowd, swarm, multi tude (sg. & pl.).
niṣāda m. N. of aboriginal Indian tribes described as fishermen, hunters, and robbers; considered a degraded caste, off- spring of Brâhmans and Sûdra women; a note in the musical scale; î, f.Nishâda woman.
niṣkevalya a. belonging to some one exclusively: with sastra, n., or uktha, n. midday recitation meant for Indra alone; -kaitava, a. free from fraud, honest (person); -kaivalya, a. mere, simple.
nisarga m. evacuation of excre ment; giving away; bestowal, grant; crea tion; innate disposition, nature: °ree;--, -tas, in., ab. by nature; -ga, a. innate, original, origin ally formed by (--°ree;); -padva,a. (î) naturally inclined towards (lc.).
nīca a. [weak base of ny-añk+a] low; short (hair, nails); deep (navel); lowered (tone); base, vile, mean: -ka, a. (ikâ) soft (tread); -ga, a. low-going (river); of low rank; belonging to a man of low rank;-gâm in, a. following what is low or base; -gâti, a. of low extraction: -tâ, f. low or humble position; inferiority; -patha, m. downward path; -rata, pp. delighting in what is base.
nīlāya den. Â. begin to be dark or blue.
nṛyajña m. sacrifice to men, i.e. hospitality; -loka, m. world of men, earth; -vát, a. manly; belonging to or consisting of men; -vara, m. best of men, prince, king; -samsa, a. injurious to mankind, noxious, malicious, base: -tâ, f. mischievousness, baseness; -samsita, n. malignity, baseness; -shád, a. sitting among men; -simha, m. man-lion, great hero; half man half lion, the fourth Avatâr of Vishnu; N.: -ka, m.man-lion, Vishnu; -soma, m. moon among men, i. e. distinguished man; -hari, m. man-lion, the fourth Avatâr of Vishnu.
naidāgha a. (î) belonging to the hot season; m. summer.
naiṣāda a. (î) belonging to the Nishâdas.
nairgandhya n. scentlessness; absence of smell; -gun-ya, n. exemption from qualities; lack of virtues; -ghrin-ya, n. hard-heartedness, cruelty; -ghara, a. belonging to waterfalls.
naisarga a. natural: i-ka, a. id.; original, inherent, innate, constitutional.
nyāsa m. setting down, planting (the foot); putting on; insertion, impact; applying, drawing, commitment; writing down, inscribing; written text; renunciation; laying aside; deposit; bringing forward, adduction: -dhâraka, m. depositary.
nyasana n. arranging, putting or writing down; adduction.
pakṣin a. winged; on the side of, belonging to the party of (--°ree;); m. bird; winged creature; (n)-î, f. hen-bird; night with the two contiguous days (sc. râtri).
patana n. flying, flight; flying or falling down, descent, fall, from (ab.), into (lc. or --°ree;); casting oneself (into, --°ree;), prostra tion (at, --°ree;); hanging down, flaccidity (of the breasts); fall, ruin; getting into (lc.): -sîla, a. accustomed to fall down.
patitva n. matrimony, wedlock; -darsana-lâlasa, a. desirous of seeing her husband; -devatâ, a. f. making a god of --, idolizing her husband; -dharma, m. duty to a husband; -prânâ, a. f. whose life is her husband; -la&ndot;ghana, n. conjugal infidelity in a wife; -lâlasa, a. longing for her hus band; devoted to her husband; -loka, m. world or abode of the husband (after death); -vamsya, a. belonging to the husband's family; -vatnî, a. f. having a husband; n. married woman, wife; -vrata, n. fidelity to a husband: â, a. f. faithful or devoted to her husband: -maya, a. consisting in a faithful wife; -suk, f. mourning for a husband; -sthâna,n. husband's place; -sthânîya, a. belonging to or being in the husband's place; m. husband's representative.
padaka n. step; office, position; -krama, m. kind of gait; peculiar method of reciting and writing the Veda; -gati, f. gait; -kihna, n. footprint; -tâ, f. original form of a word; condition of a word; -nyâsa, m. putting down the foot, step; footprint; inditing of verses; (á)-pa&ndot;kti, f. series of footsteps, track; a metre (5 X 5 syllables); series of words; -paddhati, f. series of foot steps, track; -pâtha, m. word-reading, a mode of reciting and writing the Veda in which every word is given in its original form irrespective of Sandhi; -pûrana, a. verse filling; -yópana, a. (î) pace-retarding; -rak anâ, f. arrangement of words, literary work; -vigraha, m. separation of words; -víd, a. (knowing the place), familiar with (g.).
parakathā f. pl. talk about others; -kara-gata, pp. being in the hands of another or others; -karman, n. service for others; -kalatra½abhigamana, n. adultery; -kârya, n. another person's business oraffair; -kâla, a. belonging to a later time, subsequent.
payodhārā f. shower of water; -dhi, m. water reservoir; sea; -nidhi, m. sea; -bhrit, m. (water-bearing), cloud; -maya, a. consisting of water; -mukha, a. having milk on the surface; -muk, a.yielding milk; m. (water-discharging), cloud; -raya, m. torrent; -râsi, m. ocean; -vâha, m. (water carrying), cloud; -vrata, a. subsisting on milk only as a vow.
paratas ad. 1.=ab. of para, a. highest; belonging to another; m. stranger; 2. further; henceforward, afterwards; high up; with ab. high above, over (of power or rank); after (of time); itas--paratas,here--there; before--after.
parakṛta pp. done or committed by another; -kriti, f. act of another; analogous case, precedent; -kritya, n. another person's business or affair; a. belonging to the enemy's party, supporting the enemy's cause: -paksha, m. hostile party; -kshetra, n. another's field; another man's wife; -gata, pp. belonging to another; -gâmin, a. benefiting another; relating to another (adjective); -guna, m. pl. or °ree;--, other people's merits: -grâhin, a. recognising the merits of others; -geha-vâsa, m. sojourn in another's house; -glâni, f. laxity of the enemy.
pariṇatavayas a. of declining age, old; -nati, f. transmutation, trans formation, change; development; ripening; maturity; mature age; consequence, effect; issue, end; fulfilment of a promise;°ree;--, in the end, finally; -m yâ, come to an end; -nam ana, n. transformation into (in.); -nama yitri, m. ripener; -naya, m. leading the bride round the nuptial fire, wedding, mar riage; -nayana, n. id.; -nâma, m.transforma tion, change; natural development; transmu tation of food, digestion; withering; lapse of time; decline of life, old age; consequence, issue; termination, last stage, final state, end: lc. or °ree;--, in the end, finally: -vat, having a natural development; -nâmin, a. changing; developing; ripening; -nâyaka, m. guide; husband; -nâha, m. extent, width, circum ference: -vat, a. big; -nâhin, a. extensive, large; --°ree;, having the circumference of; -ni namsu, a. about to strike sideways with his tusks (elephant); -nîta, pp. (√ nî) married; n. marriage: -pûrvâ, a. f. previously married, -vat, act. pf. pt. having married; -netavya, fp. to be married;-netri, m. husband; -neya, fp. to be led round; to be ascertained; interchangeable with (in.): â, f. to be led round the nuptial fire, to be married.
paridhāna n. putting on (a gar ment); clothing, dressing; vesture, garment, sp. lower or under garment: -valkala, n. bark for clothing, -vastra, n. upper garment; -dhânî-kri, turn into an under garment; -dhârana, n. suffering, indulging in (g.): â, f. endurance; -dhí, m. (put-round), enclo sure, protection, fence, rampart: also of the ocean as encircling the earth; halo round sun or moon; horizon; circumference; the (three) green sticks surrounding the sacrificial altar; -dhî-kri, put on; -dhûsara, a. quite grey or dusty; -dhvamsa, m. eclipse; distress; dis aster, failure; loss or mixture of caste; -dhvamsin, a.destroying (--°ree;); destructive.
paritāpa m. heat, warmth; dis tress, anguish, sorrow, affliction; remorse; giving pain; -tâpin, a. burning hot; causing affliction or sorrow, distressing; -tushti, f. satisfaction; -tripti, f. perfect satisfaction; -tosha, m. satisfaction, gratification, glee; pleasure or delight in (g. or lc.); -toshayi tri, a. satisfying, gratifying; -tosha-vat, a. satisfied, gratified; -toshin, a. satisfied with, gratified by (--°ree;); -tyakta, pp.deserted, abandoned; -tyaktri, m. forsaker; -tyâga, m. abandonment, desertion; repudiation; re linquishment, renunciation, loss, privation, sacrifice: -sena, m. N. of a prince; -tyâgin, a. abandoning; resigning, renouncing (--°ree;); liberal; m. renouncer; -tyâgana, n. causing to abandon; depriving of (--°ree;); -tyâgya, fp. to be abandoned, -deserted, -renounced, avoided; -trâna, n. preservation, protection, help, deliverance, rescue from (ab.); shelter, refuge; preventive of (g.); -trâtavya, fp. to be protected from (ab.); -trâtri, m. pro tector, deliverer (with ac. or g.); -trâsa, m. fright, fear.
paruṣita pp. harshly addressed, used roughly; -iman, m. shagginess.
parjanya m. rain-cloud; rain; god of rain: -ginvita, pp. animated by Parganya.
paryuka m. N.; -½ukshana, n. sprinkling; -½utsuka, a. very restless or agitated; very me lancholy; vehemently longing for (d.): -tva, n. longing desire, î-bhû, become very melan choly; -½ud-asta, pp.excepting; -½udâsa, m. exclusion, negation; -½upâsaka, a. honour ing, respecting; -½upâsana, n. sitting round (Pr.); courtesy, affability; -½ushita, pp. (√ vas, dwell) stale; not punctually kept (word); -½ushta, pp. id.
pāñcajanya a. relating to the five races; m. Krishna's conch (taken from the demon Pañkagana); -nada, a. prevail ing in the Panjâb; m. prince of Pañkanada: pl. the people of Pañkanada; -bhautika, a. consisting of or containing the five elements: with âdânam, n. reception of the five ele ments; -yagñika, a. belonging or relating to the five sacrifices; -sara, a. (î) belonging to Kâma (the five-arrowed).
pāṇḍava m. pat. of Pându: pl. the five sons of Pându or the adherents of the Pândavas; a. (î) belonging to the sons of Pându.
pāṇipātra a. using the hand as a drinking vessel, drinking out of the hand; -pîdana, n. pressing the hand (of a girl), marriage; -puta, m. hollowed hand: -ka, m. (?) id.; -pûra, a. filling the hand: -½anna, n. handful of food; -pranay-in, a. longing for the hand: (i)-tâ, f. abst. n.: -m samupâ gata, pp.=grasped by the hand (sword); -pra- nayinî, f. beloved of his hand, wife; -mat, a. having hands; -mita, pp. to be spanned by the hands.
pāthoja n. (water-born), lotus (flower); -gin-î, f. lotus (plant); -da or -dhara, m. cloud; -dhi, -nâtha, -nidhi, m. ocean.
parakīya a. belonging to another or others; hostile.
dauhadika n. longing, desire.
pāpaka a. wicked, bad; m. rascal; n. evil; -karman, n. wicked deed; a. doing evil deeds, wicked, sinful; m. ill-doer, mis creant, criminal, sinner; -kârin, -krít, a., m. id.; -krita, (pp.) n. misdeed; -gati, a.ill starred; -ketas, a. evil-minded, malevolent; -timira, a. blinded by sin, sin-bedarkened; -pûrusha, m. rascal, villain; -priya, a. fond of or prone to evil; -bandha, m. continuous series of misdeeds; -buddhi, f. evil intent;a. evil-minded, malevolent; -bhañgana, a. destroying the wicked; m. N. of a Brâhman; -bh&asharp;g, a. participating in wrong, guilty; -bhâva, a. evil-minded; -mati, a. evil minded, malevolent, ungodly; -yoni, f. low womb, birth as a punishment of sin; -rahita, pp. freed from sin, sinless; -ripu, (foe of sin), N. of a Tîrtha; -roga, m. bad disease, dis ease as punishment for sin; -rogin, a. suf fering from a bad disease or disease in punish ment for former sin; -½riddhi, f. hunting, chase; -lokya, a. leading to hell; -vasîyasa or -vasyas-a, n. [betterness of the bad], topsy turvyness, preposterousness; -sîla, a. of bad character, prone to evil: -tva, n. depravity;-sodhana, a. purifying from guilt; n. N. of a sacred bathing-place; -sûdana-tîrtha, n. N. of a sacred bathing-place; -han, a. destroy ing sin or sinners; -hara, a. taking away sin; -hridaya, a. bad-hearted.
pāraṇa a. taking across, saving; n. bringing to an end, accomplishment, fulfil ment; conclusion of a fast (±vrata-), break fast (also â); reading; complete text.
pārakya a. belonging to or meant for another; alien, hostile; m. enemy.
pāradeśya a. belonging to or com ing from another country (para-desa), foreign.
pārāśara a. belonging to Parâ sara; -in, m. monk of the order of Pârâsarya: pl. a certain philosophical school; -ya, m. pat. son of Parâsara, i. e. Vyâsa.
pāli f. lobe of the ear; outer ear; margin, edge; dam, dyke; line, row.
pālāśa a. (î) belonging to or made of the wood of the palâsa tree.
pārṣata a. of or belonging to the spotted deer (prishata).
pāśupata a. (î) belonging or referring to Siva Pasupati; m. worshipper of Siva Pasupati.
pāśa m. [√ pas, bind], string, tether; snare, gin, trap, noose; bond, fetter (also fig.); --°ree;, smatterer, bungler; beauty of=beautiful, handsome; shock or quantity of, abundant (with words meaning hair): -ka, m. noose; snare; -kantha, a. having a noose round the neck; -dyumna, m. N.; -baddha, pp. caught in a net, entrapped, snared, noosed; -bandha, m. snare, noose, halter; net: -bandhaka, m. bird-catcher; -bandhana, n. snare; a. caught in a snare; -bhrit, a. holding a noose; m. ep. of Varuna; -raggu, f. fetter, bond.
pitu m. (n.1) juice, drink, food: -bhrít, a. bringing nourishment; -mát, a. accom panied by meat and drink; nourishing.
pitṛyajña m. sacrifice to the Manes; -y&asharp;na, a. trodden by or leading to the Manes; -yâna, m. path trodden by or leading to the Manes; -râga, m. king of the Manes, Yama; -loká, m. father's house; world or abode of the Manes; -vamsa, m. father's family; -vams-ya, a. belonging to the father's family; -vát, ad. like a father; like the Fathers; as at the funeral sacrifice; -vadha, m. parricide; -vana, n. ancestors' grove, cemetery; -ves man, n. father's house.
pitṛpakṣa a. being on the father's side, paternal; -pûgana, n. worship of the Manes; -paitâmaha, a. (î) inherited from or peculiar to father and grandfather: with nâman, n. father's and grandfather's name; m. pl. or °ree;-(metrical for -pitâmaha), fathers and grandfathers; -paitâmah-ika, a. id.; -mát, a. having a father; connected with the Manes; -mandira, n. father's house, pater nal mansion; -mâtri-maya, a. thinking of father and mother only; -mâtri½artha, a. begging for father and mother; -mitra, n. father's friend; -medha, m. sacrifice to the Manes.
pipīlikā f. id.: a, m. id.: -ma- dhya, a. slender in the middle like an ant: â, f. any metre the middle pâda of which is shorter than the preceding and following; â-madhya, n. ant-waist fast (beginning with fifteen mouthfuls at full moon, decreasing daily by one till new moon, and increasing similarly till full moon).
puṃsavana a. causing the birth of a male child; n. (±vrata) domestic rite (at the beginning of conception) for the obtain ment of a son.
pādya a. belonging to the foot; n. water for washing the feet.
puṇya a. auspicious, propitious, lucky, favourable; beautiful, agreeable; fragrant; good, virtuous, righteous, meritorious; pure, purifying, holy; n. the good, virtue; good work; moral or religious merit:-kartri, m. righteous man; -karman, n. virtuous action; a. righteous, virtuous; -krit, a. acting piously, virtuous; -gandha, -gandhi: -n, a. of plea sant smell, fragrant; -geha, n. abode of virtue; -ganá, m. pl. good people,designation of cer tain genii (V. E.)=the Yakshas (C. P.): -½îs vara, m. ep. of Kubera; -gala, a. having pure water; -tarî-kri, make purer or holier; -tâ, f. purity, holiness; -tîrtha, n. sacred place of pilgrimage (esp. along the course of sacred streams); a. possessed of sacred bath ing-places; -tva, n. purity, holiness; -dars ana, a. of handsome appearance, beautiful; -pâpa, n. pl. good and bad deeds; -punya tâ, f. supreme holiness; -prada, a.meritori ous; -phala, n. fruit or reward of good works; -bharita, pp. abounding in bliss; -bhâg, -bhâgin, a. happy, blessed; -yoga, m. con sequence of virtuous actions (done in a former life); -vat, a. righteous, virtuous, meritori ous; lucky, fortunate, happy: with ab.= happier than; -varman, m. N. of a prince; -sîla, a. righteous, virtuous; -srîka, a. happy; -sloka, a. of good repute; m. ep. of Nala, Yudhishthira, and Krishna: -didrikshâ, f.desire to see Nala, -parâ&ndot;mukha, a. averse to Nala; -sena, m. N.; -sthâna, n. sacred place.
punaryuddha n. renewal of battle; -lâbha, m. re-attainment, recovery; -lekhana, n. renewed writing down; -vaktavya, fp. to be repeated: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -vakana, n. saying over again, repeating; -vasu, a. bringing back boons; m. du. & sg. fifth or seventh lunar mansion.
purastāt ad. forward; before, in front, in one's presence; in or from the east; above or below (in a book); in the beginning, at first; previously, formerly; prp. with ac., ab., g., or --°ree;, before (of time or place).
purātana a. (î) belonging to the olden time, bygone, former, ancient, old: lc. formerly, in olden times, in bygone ages; m. pl. the ancients.
purāṇa a. (î) belonging to the olden time, primaeval, ancient, old; withered (leaf); n. things of the olden time; tale of past ages, ancient legend; Purâna, N. of eighteen legen dary works treating chiefly of cosmogony and divine genealogy; m. a coin of a certain weight (a measure of silver equal to eighty cowries).
purobhāga m. front part; for wardness, obtrusiveness; disfavour: -m muk, abandon one's forwardness = retire discom fited; (mama) e, before (me); -bhâgin, a. obtrusive, forward; grudging, censorious; -bhâvin, a. impending, imminent; -mâruta, m. east wind; -mukha, a. having the aper ture turned frontways or eastward.
pūrvaka a. (ikâ) prior, preceding, previous; first; --°ree; a. accompanied or pre ceded by, based on, consisting above all things in: -m, ad. after, with, amid, in accordance with (--°ree;); m. forefather, ancestor; -karman, n. former or previous action; preparation; -kalpa, m. previous manner, precedent; olden time (only lc. sg. & pl.); -kâya, m. fore part of the body (of animals), upper part of the body (of men); -kârin,a. acting first; -kâr ya, fp. to be done first; -kâla, a. belonging to a previous time; previously mentioned: -tâ, f. priority of time; -kâlika, a. belonging to a former time; -kâlîna, a. prior in time; -krita, pp. formerly done, performed in a previous life; n. former act, act committed in a previous life; -krama½âgata, pp. handed down from one's ancestors; -kriyâ, f. preparation.
pūrvapakṣa m. fore part or side; first half of a lunar month (when the moon increases), light fortnight; (primâ facie case), action at law; first objection to a proposi tion; -pakshin, a. making the first objection to a proposition; -pakshî-kri, make the first objection to a proposition; -patha, m. pre vious path, same way as before; -pada, n. previous member of a compound (gr.); -pad ya, a. belonging to the first member of a compound; -parigraha, m. first claim, pre cedence, privilege; a. claimed as a privilege by (g.); -pâda, m. fore-foot; -pitâmaha, m. fore-grandfather=ancestor; -pîthikâ, f. in troduction; -purusha, m.forefather (pl. ancestors); primaeval spirit, ep. of Brahman: -½upârgita, pp. collected by one's ancestors; -pûgita, pp. previously consecrated; -pûrva, a. every preceding one, each previously men tioned one; m. pl.ancient ancestors; -pûr va½ukta, pp. respectively mentioned before; -péya, n. precedence in drinking; precedence (in general); -pragñ&asharp;, f. knowledge of the past, memory; -prati-panna, pp. having previously agreed to or promised something; -pravritta, pp. having occurred previously; -prasthita, pp. having started previously, hastening on before.
pūrvāhla m. forenoon: gnly. lc.; i-ka, a. (î) belonging to the forenoon.
pūrvākṣara a. accompanied by the previous letter; -½agní, m. original, i. e. domestic, fire; -½a&ndot;ga, n. former body; com ponent of what precedes; m. first day in the civil month; -½akala,m. eastern or sunrise mountain; -½âkârya, m. ancient or former teacher; -½âdya, a. beginning in the east; -½adri, m. eastern or sunrise mountain; -½a dhika, a. greater than before; -½anubhûta, pp. formerly experienced; -½anta, m. end of the preceding word; anticipation; -½apara, a. being before and behind, directed forward and backward; eastern and western; earlier and later; preceding and following, follow ing in succession, relatively connected: -dak shina, a. eastern, western, and southern, -dina, n. forenoon and afternoon, -râtri, f. former and latter half of the night.
pṛthaggaṇa m. separate or distinct class; -gotra, a. pl. belonging to different families; -gana, m. man of lower classes: sg. & pl. common people; -gaya, m. victory in a duel; -dris, a. seeingsomething dif ferent from (ab.); -dvâra, n. pl. special doors, i. e. means of attainment; -dharma vid, a. pl. each knowing different institutes of law; -bhâva, m. separate condition, dif ference, variety; -yoga, a. pl. having dif ferent lots (perhaps incorrect for -bhoga or -bhâga); -lakshana, a. having different cha racteristics; -varsha, n. pl. a year in each case; -vidha, a. various, manifold, several; different from (in.).
pṛśanī a. f. [√ spris] hugging, caressing, tender.
pṛṣṭhadeśa m. back part, rear: lc. behind (g.); -pâtin, a. being at any one's back, keeping an eye on one; -pîthî, f. broad back; -bhâga, m. hind part, back; rear; -bhûmi, f. top-storey, roof-terrace (of a palace); -madhya, m. middle of the back; -mâmsa, n. back-flesh: -m khâd or bhaksh, bite the back-flesh; backbite; -mâmsa½âda, m. backbiter; -yâna, n. riding; a. riding on (--°ree;); -yâyin, a. riding on (--°ree;); -lagna, pp. hanging about one's back, dogging one's foot steps; -vamsa, m. backbone; -vâstu, n. upper storey; -vâha, m. riding animal, sump ter ox.
paiśāca a. (î) relating or peculiar to the Pisâkas; belonging to the goblins, demon-like.
paināka a. belonging to or proceed ing from Siva; m. pat. descendant of Pinâka.
paitāputrīya a. relating to father and son; -maha, a. (î) relating to or inherited from the grandfather; belonging or relating to Brahman; m. son of Brahman.
poṣaka a. nourishing, breeding, rearing; m. nourisher, breeder; -ana, a. cherishing, favouring (--°ree;); n. nurture, maintenance, cultivation (of trees, of the senses); -anîya, fp. to be nourished; -ayitnú, a. causing to thrive (ac.); -ayishnú, a. beneficial; -i-tri, m. nourisher, breeder; -in, a. rearing, bringing up (--°ree;); -u-ka, a. thriving; -tri, m. nourisher, bringer up; -ya, fp. thriving, well-fed; abundant; causing prosperity; to be nourished: -putraka, m. adopted son.
potrīya a. belonging or relating to the Potri.
potaplava m. boatman; -banig, m. voyaging merchant; -bha&ndot;ga, m. ship wreck; -½âdhâna, n. fry (of fish).
paurava a. (î) belonging to or descended from Pûru; m. descendant of Pûru: pl. race of Pûru.
pauraṃdara a. (î) belonging or relating to Puramdara, i. e. Indra.
paurṇamāsa a. (&isharp;) belonging or relating to or offered at full-moon; m. n. full-moon sacrifice; n. day of full-moon: î, f. night or day of full-moon.
pauruṣeya a. (î) made by, derived from or relating to men; derived from the soul; n. human effort: -tva, n. human origin.
pauruṣa a. (î) human; manly; belonging or relating to Purusha; m. man's load; n. manhood; manliness; manly cour age, vigour, or deed, valour, prowess; force (opp. intellect); length of a man; generation; membrum virile.
prakara m. (scattered) heap, quantity, plenty: î, f. kind of song; short interlude (in a drama); -karana, n. production, creation; treatment, discussion, exposition; subject of discussion, topic; section, chapter; special treatise, monograph; kind of drama (in which the plot is invented by the poet): asminn eva prakarane, in regard to this very point, in this connection; na ka prakaranam vetsi, nor do you know what the point in question is: -tas, ad. on a suitable occasion, -tva, n. condition of discussing (--°ree;); -kartavya, fp. to be prepared; to be displayed or cherished; to be appointed to (lc.); -kartri, m. one who causes or occasions; -karsha, m. (preference, advantage), excellence, superiority, pre-eminence; intensity, excess; predominance; --°ree; a. consisting for the most part in: in., ab., °ree;--, highly, strongly, thoroughly; -karshana, m. troubler;n. drawing off; protrusion; extension, long duration; -karsha-vat, a. excellent; --°ree;, distinguished or pre-eminent in; -kalpanâ, f. allotment; -kalp-ita, pp. fitted, arranged, placed; -kalp-ya, to be allotted or settled; -kâ&ndot;kshâ, f. appetite; -kânda, m. n. trunk of a tree (between the root and branches); minor section in a book; --°ree;=pre-eminent, excellent; -kâmá, m. delight, voluptuousness: pl. objects of desire: -m, -tas, or°ree;--, ad. with delight, willingly; according to desire, sufficiently; in very deed; -kâra, m. kind, sort, species; way, manner; --°ree; a. of the nature of, -like: kena prakârena, in what way? how? prakâraih, in one way or another; râmâyanasya bhâratasya vâ pra kârah, a kind of Râmâyana or Mahâbhârata; -kâra-ka, a. (--°ree;) of the nature of, -like; -kâra-tâ, f. speciality; -kâra-vat, a. belonging to a species; -kârya, fp. to be exhibited; -kâlana, a. driving on; m. N. of a Nâga.
prakṛṣṭa pp. (√ krish) extended, long (road); distinguished: -tva, n. excellence; -ketá, m. (V.) perception, intelligence, understanding; knower; -kopa, m. raging (of war, disease); turbulence, tumult, insurrection; anger, rage (ord. mg.): -m -kri, be angry with (g.); -kopana (or na), a. (î) exciting, arousing (--°ree;); n. irritation; provoking, exasperating; -kopita, cs. pp. (√ kup) provoked, enraged; -koshtha, m. fore-arm (ord. mg.); space near the gate of a palace; court of a palace (Pr.).
prakṛti f. (putting before, what is presupposed), original or natural form or condition (opp. vi-kriti, derivative form); nature, constitution, disposition, temper; fundamental form, pattern, standard, rule (sp. damental form, pattern, standard, rule (sp. in ritual); nature (opp. spirit: ph.): pl. material elements (rare); primary constituents of nature (from which all else is evolved: there are eight: avyakta, mahat, ahamkâra, and the five elements: ph.); constituent elements of the state (in politics: there are seven: king, minister, fortress, territory or subjects, treasure, army, and ally; kings primarily (of these there are four) and secondarily (of these there are eight) concerned in a war (each of these twelve having five prakritis in the form of minister, territory, fortress, treasure, army); constituent elements of a king's own state (exclusive of himself); ministers; subjects, citizens; sg. root, base (gr.): °ree;-or in. by nature, originally, properly; in the original state, unchanged: -ka, a. (--°ree;) id.; kripana, a. naturally feeble in discriminating between (lc.); -ga, a.innate; -purusha, m. nature and spirit (du.); minister; -bhâva, m. original or unmodified state; -mandala, n. whole circle of subjects, entire territory; -mat, a. having or being in the original, natural, or usual condition orform; -sampanna, pp. endowed with a noble nature; -subhaga, a. naturally beautiful; -stha, a. being in the natural state or condition, natural, genuine, normal; healthy; being in good circumstances.
prakāśa a. shining (out), clear, bright; manifest, open, visible, public; produced or occasioned by (--°ree;); generally known, renowned, for (in. or --°ree;), in (--°ree;); having the appearance of, resembling, like (--°ree;): -m or °ree;--, ad. openly, publicly; aloud (dr.); m. lustre, splendour, light (often --°ree; in titles of exegetical works); manifestation; renown; open place, open air; publicity: ab. manifestly, certainly; lc. publicly, openly; aloud; -kâsa-ka, a. (ikâ) clear, bright, shining; generally known, renowned; illuminating; making clear, explaining; expressing, designating; m. illuminator, sun; -kâsa-tâ, f. brightness, lustre; renown; publicity: -m gam, become known; -kâsa-tva, n. manifestation, appearance, renown; -kâsa-devî, f. N.; -kâs-ana, a. illuminating; n. illumination; allowing to appear, manifestation; -kâsa-nârî, f. public woman, prostitute; -kâs-anîya, fp. to be illuminated; -kâs-ayi tavya, fp. to be made clear or evident; to be manifested; -kâsa½âtma-ka-tva, n. luminousness; -kâsa½âtman, a. whose nature is light, luminous; -kâs-i-tâ, f.brightness, light; -kâs-i-tva, n. id.; -kâs-in, a. bright, shining; bringing to light (g.); -kâsî-karana, n. illumination; -kâsî-kri, illuminate; pub lish; -kâsî-bhâva, m. becoming light, dawn; -kâsa½itara, a. reverse of manifest, invisible; -kâs-ya, fp. to be brought to light or manifested: -tâ, f. publicity.
prakrama m. stride (Br., S.); C.: beginning (also S.); proportion, measure; right sequence of words, grammatical construction; -kramana, n. striding forward; advancing towards (--°ree;); going forth;-krama-bha&ndot;ga, m. violation of grammatical construction; -krânta, pp. √ kram; n. setting out, departure: -tva, n. state of being meant; -kriyâ, f. procedure, method, manner; ceremony; formality; privilege, prerogative, precedence, high position (ord. mg.); insignia of high rank; characterization; chapter; -krîdá, m. sport; playground; -krîdín, a. playing, gambolling (RV.1).
pracaya m. [√ ki] picking, gathering; accumulation, collection, quantity, multitude; -kayana, n. collecting; -kaya-svara, m. accumulated tone (i. e. tone occurring in a series of syllables), tone of the unaccented syllables following a Svarita; -karana, n. setting to work: &isharp;, f. kind of supplementary wooden ladle (rit.); -karanîya, fp. being in actual use (Br., S.); -karitavya, fp. n. imps. one should set to work;-kala, a. moving, tremulous, shaking; -kalana, n trembling, swaying; fleeing; -kalâyita, (den. pp.), n. nodding while asleep (âsîna-, -in a sitting posture); -kalita, pp. set out, departed, etc.; -kâra, m. walking about, ranging; going in pursuit of (--°ree;); showing oneself, manifestation, appearance; application, employment; currency; conduct, behaviour; pasture-ground; exercising-ground; -kârana, n. scattering; -kârin, a. going about; attaching oneself to (lc., --°ree;); acting, behaving; -kita, pp. (√ ki), pronounced with the Prakaya tone; -kura, a. abundant, ample, much, many, frequent; --°ree;, abounding in, replete with: -gaha&ntod;a,a. having abundance of impervious passages, -tva, n. abundance of (--°ree;), -ratna-dhana½â gama, a. having a large income of gems and money; -kurī-bhû, grow in extent; -kritta- sikha, a. having loosened braids orflowing hair; (á)-ketas, a. heedful, intelligent, wise (V.); m. (C.), ep. of Varuna; N.; -kodana, n. instigation, incitement; command; -kodin, a. driving before one (--°ree;).
pragraha m. holding forth, stretching out; grasping, seizing; seizure of the sun or moon, beginning of an eclipse; kindness; obstinacy (rare); rein, bridle (ord. mg.); leader, guide; companion, satellite; -grahana, m. leader, guide (only --°ree; a. = led by); n. grasping, seizing; commencement of an eclipse; -grâham, abs. keeping the words separate (i. e. not combining them according to the rules of Sandhi: Br.); -grîva, m.railing or fence enclosing a house.
praṇaya m. leader; guidance; mani festation, display; confidence, in (lc.); friendly regard; familiarity; affection, love; fond attachment (of lovers), display of affection; desire, longing, for (lc.): in., ab., °ree;--, and pranaya½upetam, ad. confidently, fearlessly; unreservedly, without ceremony: -kalaha, m. friendly quarrel; -nayana, n. bringing, fetching; means or vessel for fetching; mani festation, display; adduction; wielding (a weapon), infliction of punishment (danda); establishing, founding; performance, execu tion; composition (of, --°ree;); satisfying, satiat ing (--°ree;); -naya-bha&ndot;ga, m. breach of con fidence; -naya-vat,a. acting without re serve or ceremony, unaffected; tenderly at tached to (lc. or --°ree;); addicted to (--°ree;); -nay i-kriyâ, f. friendly service; -nayi-tâ, f. love, affection (for, lc.); desire, longing (for, g. or --°ree;); -nay-in,a. beloved, dear (to, g.); ten derly attached, affectionate, loving; fond of, liking, devoted to, longing for (in. or --°ree;); frequenting, dwelling or being in (--°ree;); aim ing at, having in view (--°ree;); combined orprovided with (--°ree;); m. favourite, dear friend; lover, husband: -î, f. mistress, wife; -nayî kri, attach closely: pp. connected with (in. or --°ree;); -nayî-bhû, again become attached to (lc.).
prakampa a. trembling; m. tremor, quake; -ana, m. wind; N. of an Asura; n. shaking, wagging; -ita, pp. √ kamp; n. tremor; -in, a. trembling, moving to and fro; -ya, fp. to be caused to trembleor quake.
pratijñāntara n. change of the proposition in an argument; -paripâl ana, n. adherence to a promise, keeping one's word; -pûrvakam, ad. beginning with the prosecution; -virodha, m.contradiction between proposition and argument; -sam nyâsa, m. abandonment of one's own pro position after hearing the argument of one's opponent; -hâni, f. abandonment of a pro position in a disputation.
pratiprajñāti f. discrimina tion, ascertainment; -pranavam, ad. at every &open;om;&close; -pranava-samyukta, pp. accompanied with &open;om&close; on each occasion; -pranâma, m.counter-bow, salutation in return; -pratí, a. (m. n.) forming a counterpart, counterbalanc ing, a match for (ac.); -pratîka, °ree;-or -m, ad. at every initial word; on every part of the body; -pradâna, n. giving back, restitu tion; bestowal in marriage; -prabhâ, f. pl. reflexion (of fire); -prabhâtam, ad. every morning; -prayavana, n. repeated mixing; -prayâna, n. return; -prasna, m. counter question, answer; -prasava, m. counter pre cept, annulment of a prohibition regarding (--°ree;); return to the original state; -prasa vam, ad. at every birth; -prasthâtrí, m. priest assisting the Adhvaryu; -prasth&asharp;na, n. office of the Pratiprasthâtri; -prahâra, m.counter blow, stroke in return; -prâni, ad. in or for every living being; -prâbhrita, n. counter present; -prâsthânika, a. relat ing to the office of the Pratiprasthâtri.
pratipuṃniyata pp. specially meant for every soul; -purusha, m. similar man, representative; companion; doll; °ree;-or -m, ad. man for man, for each man; for every soul; -pustaka, n. copy of an original manuscript, transcript; -pûgaka, a. honour ing (--°ree; or g.); -pûgana, n. doing honour to (g.); -pûgâ, f. id. (with g. or lc.); -pûgya, fp. to be honoured; -pûrana, n. filling, oc cupation of (g.); being filled with (in.); stoppage, obstruction; -prishthâ, f. each side of a leaf.
pratipāṇa a. bartering; m. counter stake; revenge at play; -pâtram, ad. in or on every part (in a play); -pâdaka, a. (ikâ) giving, bestowing (--°ree;); discussing, treating of, teaching; explanatory, illustrative; -pâd ana, n. causing to attain (--°ree;); giving, be stowal, on (lc. or --°ree;); giving back, return ing; bringing back; inauguration in (--°ree;); producing, causing; setting forth, treating of, propounding, illustrating, teaching; com mencement; -pâdanîya, fp. to be given, in marriage (Pr.); to be propounded, dis cussed or treated of; -pâdapam, ad. in every tree; -pâdam, ad. in every verse (pâda); -pâdayitavya, fp. to be bestowed or pre sented; -pâdayitri, m. bestower, on (lc.); propounder, teacher; -pâdukâ, f. pedestal; -pâdya, fp. to be propounded, explained, or discussed; under discussion; -pâna, n. drink ing; drinking water; -pâpa, a.bad in return, requiting any one (lc.) with evil; -pâlana, n. watching, guarding, protection; rearing, nurture (of animals); keeping, observance, maintenance, of (g. or --°ree;); expectation (Pr.); -pâlanîya or -pâlayitavya,fp. to be ex pected or waited for; -pâlin, a. guarding, protecting; -pâlya, fp. to be protected or guarded; to be waited for.
pratyagra a. [being at the beginning], new, fresh; young; early (rays); recent; renewed, repeated: °ree;-or -m, ad. recently; -prasavâ, a. f. having recently brought forth, -calved; -yauvana, a. being in early youth; -rûpa, a. youthful; -vayas, a. of youthful years.
pratyādhāna n. place for keep ing anything; -nayana, n. fetching back again; bringing back, restoration; -neya, fp. to be made good.
pratyātāpa m. sunny spot; -½âtma, °ree;-or -m, ad. for or in every soul; singly; -½âtmaka, -½âtmika, a. belonging to oneself, severally one's own; -½âtmya, n. likeness to oneself: in. after his own image; -½âdarsa, m. incorrect for pratyâdesa; -½âdâna, n. re covery, re-acquisition; reiteration, repetition; -½âditya, 1. m. mock sun; 2. ad, towards the sun (°ree;--); -½âditsu, des. a. desirous of gaining or regaining; -½âdeya, fp. to be received; -½âdesa, m. injunction, order; repudiation, rejection; refusal; prevention, determent, (deterrent) example; casting into the shade, eclipsing.
pratyupakāra m. requital of kindness, service in return; -kârin, a. re turning a kindness; requiting (--°ree;); -kriyâ, f. requital of kindness, service in return; -desa, m. instruction in return; -panna mati, a. possessed of presence of mind: -tva, n. presence of mind; -bhoga, m. enjoyment; -mâna, n. counter-simile; -vesa, m. beset ting or besieging (any one in order to make him yield); -sthâna, n. imminence; -sthâ pana, n. (mental) realisation; -sparsana, n. renewed washing or rinsing; -hâra, m. re storation, restitution.
pratyāharaṇa n. bringing back; withdrawal or withholding from (ab.); -hâra, m. withdrawal (of troops), retreat; with holding (the senses) from (ab.); abstention from the objects of the senses;withdrawal of creation, dissolution; technical grammatical contraction to a single syllable of a series of letters or suffixes by combining the initial of the first with the final of the last: thus al, the first vowel a+the last consonant ha-l (h with the technical suffix l), designates the entire alphabet; -hârya, fp. to be received or learned, from (ab.); -hvaya, m. echo.
prathamaka a. first; -kalpa, m. primary ordinance; -kalpita, pp. first in rank; -garbha, m. first pregnancy; a. f. â, pregnant for the first time; -ga or -g&asharp;, a. first-born; original; firstling; born in the first (i. e. first mentioned) wedlock; -gâta, pp. first-born; -tara, °ree;-or -m, (cpv.) ad. first; -tas, ad. first; forthwith; before, in preference to (g.); be fore, previously to (--°ree;); -darsana, n. first sight (lc. at --): -dina, n. first day of seeing any one (g.); -dugdhá, pp. just milked; -dhâra, m. (?) first drop; -nirdishta, pp. first stated or mentioned; -purusha, m. first (our third) person (gr.); -pravada, a. utter ing the first sound (child); -prasûtâ, pp. f. having calved for the first time; -bh&asharp;g, a. obtaining the first share; -yagñá, m. first sacrifice; -râtra, m. beginning of the night; -vayas-ín, a. young; -vasati, f. original or old home; -vittâ, f.first wife; -samgama, m. N.; -samâvritta, pp. only just turned to wards (lc.); -½âgâmin, a. coming or men tioned first; -½âdesa, m. initial position (of a word); -½abhidheya, n. fundamental meaning: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -½ardha, m. n. first half; -½ava ra-tva, n. higher and lower rank, seniority and juniority; -½astamita, n. recent setting of the sun; -½ahám, ad. on the first day; -½âhâra, m. first employment; -½itara, a. re verse of the first, second.
prathama spv. foremost], a. first; earliest; original; prior, pre vious, former; chief, most excellent, eminent, leading: it may often be translated by an ad.: first, for the first time; previously; just; forthwith: °ree;-or -m, ad. first, first of all, for the first time; only just; forthwith; for merly, previously: with g. before, previously to; ab. first; m. first consonant of a class, unaspirated tenuis; first (=our third) per son; personal endings of the third person; â, f. first or nominative case (including the vocative), termination of the nominative (in cluding the vocative): du. the two first cases, the terminations of the two first cases (=nm. and ac.); n. sg. coll. the first.
pradātavya fp. to be given or be stowed; -given in marriage; -delivered or restored; -granted; -allowed; -placed in (lc.); -dâtrí, m. giver, bestower (often --°ree; with the object, exceptionally with the reci pient); giver of a girl in marriage; imparter of, instructor in (g. or --°ree;); granter (of a wish); -d&asharp;na, n. giving, bestowal; presentation (of an offering in the fire); delivery; donation, gift; giving away a girl (g.) in marriage to (d.); utterance (of a curse); granting, vouch safing (a boon); imparting, teaching, an nouncing; declaring; application; bringing about or to pass: -vat, a. bountiful; -dâp ya, cs. fp. to be forced to give or pay (ac.); -dâya, n. gift: -ka, a. giving, bestowing, granting, imparting; -dây-in, a. id.; causing, producing: (-i)-tva, n. position of supplier of (--°ree;); -dâha, m. burning, heating with fire; destruction of (--°ree;).
pauṣṇa a. (î) belonging, relating, or sacred to Pûshan; relating to the sun; n. the lunar asterism Revatî.
prathas n. breadth; extension: -vat, a. broad, extensive; -â, f. spreading out; fame, celebrity; origin (--°ree;); -ita, pp. √ prath; -i-mán, m. breadth; extension, enlargement; -ishtha, spv., -îyas,cpv. of prithú; -u, a. distant, long (journey); reaching farther than (ab.).
pradhana n. prize of the contest; contest, battle; best of one's goods, valuables: -½âghâtaka, a. setting a contest on foot, -½a&ndot;gana, n. battle-field; -dharsha, m. as sault (--°ree;); -dharsha-ka, a.(--°ree;) wronging, violating (another man's wife); -dharshana, a. attacking, molesting; n., â, f. assaulting, laying hands on, ill-treatment, molestation; -dharshanîya, fp. liable to assault, ill-treat ment, or insult.
prapitāmaha m. great grandfather; also designation of Brahman and Krishna: pl. great-grandfathers, ances tors: î, f. paternal great-grandmother; -pi trivya, m. paternal grand-uncle; -pitvá, (V.) n. going away; flight, retreat; retired spot; evening; -pitsu, des. a. desirous of plunging into (lc.); wishing to enter upon a path (ac.); -pîdana, n. pressing, squeezing; means of squeezing tumours; -purâna, a.long kept, old; -pushpita, pp. covered with blossoms, flowering; -pûraka, a. (ikâ) fulfilling, satis fying; -pûrana, a. (î) filling up (oil) and increasing (love for anything); insertion in (lc. or --°ree;); drawing of a bow;embellishment of Indra's banner; -pûrya, ps. base of √ 1. pri, be thoroughly filled or satiated; be filled to the brim.
pramaṃhiṣṭhīya n. N. of RV. I. 57 (which begins with the words &open;pra mamhishthâya&close;); (á)-mati, f. care, protection; provider, protector; -matta, pp. (√ mad) inattentive, careless, heedless, negligent, remiss: -sakiva, a. having a careless minister; -matha, m. Teazer, kind of sprite attendant on Siva; -mathana, a. (î) tor menting, harassing; destroying, removing; m. N. of a Dânava; n.destruction; -ma tha-nâtha, m. ep. of Siva; -matha½adhipa, m. id.; -mathin, a. tormenting, racking, harassing; -mada, m. pleasure, joy; a. intoxicated, wild, mad: â, f. handsome, buxom, lively woman; woman; -madana, n. joy of love; place of amusement, playground; -ma da-vana, n. pleasure-grove (of a prince); -madâ-gana, m. womankind, the female sex, woman; -madâ-vana, n. pleasure-grove of the women (of a prince); -madâ½âspada, n. harem, gynaeceum; -maditavya, fp. n. imps. one should be negligent regarding (ab.); -madvara, a. foolish; m. fool: â, f. N. of the wife of Ruru; -mánas, a. careful, tender; pleased, joyful; willing; -mantha, m. fire-drill (by the rotation of which fire is produced from wood); -manyu, a. indignant with, incensed against (lc.); very sad; -maya, m. death; -mará, m. death; -marana, n. dying, death; -mardaka, a. crushing, destroying; -mardana, a. crushing, destroying, annihi lating (g. or --°ree;); m. N. of a fairy; -mardi tri, m. crusher, destroyer; -mardin, a. crush ing, destroying (--°ree;); (á)-mahas, a. of great might.
prabhṛti f. offering (of praise or sacrifice); throw, stroke, blow; beginning: --°ree; a. having as its beginning=beginning with, and the remainder, and so forth (±an accompanying substantive in the pl.); ad. --°ree; or immediately following an ad. in -tas or an ad. of time, from -onwards: ganma prabhriti, from birth; tatah or tadâ pra bhriti, from that time onwards, thenceforth; adya --, from now or to-day (the pcl.eva as a rule follows prabhriti, not the preceding ad.): -ka, a. --°ree;=prabhriti, beginning with, and so forth.
prabhū v. -bhu; -bhûta, pp. much, abundant: -tâ, f. quantity, plenty, large num ber, -tva, n. id., -yavasa½indhana, a. abound ing in meadow-grass and fuel, -vayas, a. of advanced years, aged, -sas, ad.frequently; (á)-bhûti, (V.) f. origin; violence; suffi ciency.
prabhaṅga m. breaker, crusher; crushing, destruction; -bha&ndot;gín, a. breaking, crushing, destroying; -bhañgana, a. id.; m. storm, tempest, hurricane; wind; god of wind; n. breaking; -bhadraka, a. extremely handsome; n. a metre; combination of four slokas containing a single sentence; -bhartav ya, fp. to be nourished or maintained; -(á) bhartri, m. bringer, procurer (RV.); (á) bharman, n. setting before, presenting; reci tation (of a hymn); -bhavá, a. prominent; m. origin, source, cause of existence, birthplace; a. arising or proceeding from, originating with; being in or on; -bhavitri, m. mighty one, great lord; -bhavishnu, a. mighty, pre-eminent; producing, creating; m. mighty one, master, lord, of (g., lc., --°ree;): -tâ, f. lordship, dominion; power, to (inf.); tyranny.
pramātha m. tugging; violent ab duction (of a woman); subjugation; destruc tion; N. of a Dânava; -mâthin, a. striking off; stirring, agitating, disturbing, afflicting; m. N.; -m&asharp;da, m.intoxication; heedlessness, inattention, negligence, with regard to (--°ree;): -pâtha, m. wrong reading; -mâdin, a. heedless, careless, negligent, off one's guard; -mâpa-ka, a. proving; -mâpana, 1. (cs. √ mâ) n. form, figure; 2. (cs. √ mî) a. (î) murder ing; m. murderer; n. killing; -mâpayitri, a. leading to destruction: -tva, n. abst. n.; -mâyu, -m&asharp;yuka, a. liable to perish; -mârg aka, a. wiping off, removing; -mârgana, n.wiping away; removal.
pramukti f. liberation; -mukha, a. having the face turned towards (ac.); foremost, first, chief, principal: gnly. --°ree;, having as the foremost=preceded or led by, and so forth; n. beginning (of a chapter); present time: lc. in front, opposite (w. g. or --°ree;): °ree;--, before one's face, in one's presence; -tas, ad. in front, at the head; opposite; in the presence of, before (g. or --°ree;); -múd, f. pleasure, de light; joy of love; -mudita, pp. √ mud; n. mirth, gaiety: -vat, act. pp. (he) rejoiced.
prayāga m. Place of sacrifice: cele brated place of pilgrimage at the confluence of the Yamunâ and the Ganges; also known as a kingdom: pl. inhabitants of Prayâga; N.; -yâkaka, a. entreating (-artham); -yâkana, n. imploration; -yâgá, m. preliminary offer ing (gnly., five, sts. nine or eleven); -y&asharp;na, n. setting out, going forth, departure; march, journey; day's journey; gait; attack (--°ree;); riding on (in.); expiration of life, decease; beginning; back of a horse (where the rider sits): -ka, n. march, journey, day's march, -kâla, m. time of death, -pataha, m. march ing drum, -bha&ndot;ga, m. interruption of a journey.
pravaktavya fp. to be propounded, imparted, or taught; -vaktri, m. one who tells, imparts, or says anything (--°ree;); good speaker; teacher, propounder; originator of a story: -tva, n. condition of an instructor; -vakana, n. speaking; propounding; reciting; instruction; expression, designation; pro pounded doctrine, holy treatise, sacred scrip tures, sp. the Brâhmanas: -patu, a. skilful in speech, eloquent; -vakanîya,fp. to be propounded.
pralaghu a. very small or insignificant (retinue): -tâ, f. excessive smallness; -lap ana, n. prattling, chattering; -lapita, pp. √ lap; n. prattle, chatter; lament; -lab dhavya, fp. to be made sport of, to be de ceived; -lamba, a. hanging down, pendulous; stooping; m. N. of a Daitya slain by Bala deva or Krishna: -tâ, f. pendulousness, -bâhu, a. having pendulous arms, -bhuga, a. id.; -lambin, a. pendulous; -lambha, m.obtainment; deception; -lambhana, n. taking in, deceiving; -laya, m. dissolution, destruction, death; annihilation or end of the world; setting (of stars); cause of dissolu tion; swoon: -ghana, m. cloud producing the dissolution of the world, -m-kara, a. (î) causing destruction, -tâ, f. dissolution: -m gam, be annihilated, -tva, n. id.: â-ya klip, go to ruin, -dahana, m. conflagration causing the destruction of the world, -½anta-ga, a.perishing only at the end of the world (sun).
pravarga m. large earthenware pot (used in the Pravargya ceremony); -vargyã, m. introductory ceremony of the Soma sacri fice, at which fresh milk is poured into a red-hot pot: -vat, a. connected with the Pravargya ceremony; -várgana, n. perform ance of the Pravargya rite, placing in or near the fire; -vartaka, a. (ikâ) causing to roll onward, setting in motion; promoting, insti gating; causing, producing; m.founder, author; n. entrance of a previously announced person on the stage (at the end of the intro duction); -vartana, n. advance, forward movement; emergence from (ab.); flow (of water); walking; activity; occupation with, engaging in (in., lc.); going on, proceeding, coming to pass, occurrence; procedure, be haviour; moving onward; erection, execu tion (of works); stimulation, promotion, pro duction, introduction, employment (of, g. or --°ree;): â, f. incitement to activity; -vartanî ya, fp. to be employed; -commenced; -vart ayitri, m. instigator, of (g.), to (lc.); erector, introducer; employer: -tva, n. instigation; -vartita, cs. pp.administered, dispensed; al lowed to take its course; enforced; -varti tavya, fp. n. imps. one should act; -varti tri, m. producer, bringer; one who fixes or settles; -vartin, a. issuing, streaming forth; moving forward, flowing; engaging in action; causing to flow; producing; employing; in troducing, propagating; -vartya, fp. being incited; -vardha-ka, a. (ikâ) augmenting, increasing (--°ree;); -vardhana, a. id.; -varsha, m. rain (sts. pl.):-na, n. raining; first rain; -varshin, a. raining, shedding (--°ree;); -varha, v. -barha; -valha, m. riddle; -vasathá, n. departure; separation (pl.) from (ab.); -vas ana, n. setting out on travel; dying, de cease; -vaha, a.carrying, wafting; m. one of the seven winds which set the planets in motion; one of the seven tongues of fire; reservoir for receiving water; -vahana, n. giving a girl in marriage; carriage; ship (also î, f.: --°ree; a. â): -bha&ndot;ga, m. shipwreck.
pravṛtti f. moving forward, ad vance, progress; appearance, manifestation, production; rise, origin; advent, setting in (of spring etc.); activity, efficacy, function; advance into, prosecution of, engaging in, ex posure of oneself to danger, predilection, pro pensity, addiction to (lc. or --°ree;); proceeding, occupation; behaviour, practice; employ ment, use, currency; applicability or validity of a grammatical rule;continuance, preva lence, continued validity; lot, fate; tidings, of (g. or --°ree;): -mat, a. devoted to a thing; -vriddha, pp. (√ vridh) grown up, great; -vriddhi, f. growth, increase; rise (of price); preferment, promotion, elevation; prosperity; -vrídh, f. growth.
pravrajana n. going abroad, leav ing home; -vragita, (pp.) m. religious men dicant (Brâhman in the fourth order); n. life of a religious mendicant: â, f. nun; -vragya, n. going abroad, migration, wander ing forth from home: â, f. religious mendi cancy; order of ascetics; joining the monastic (or fourth) order; -vraska, m. cut; -vrâg, m. religious mendicant, recluse; -vrâgá, m. river-bed (V.); -vrâgaka, m. religious men dicant: -strî, f. mendicant nun; -vrâgikâ, f. id.; -vrâgana, n. banishment; -vr&asharp;gin, going forth or after (--°ree;); m. religious mendi cant; -vlaya, m. collapse.
praślita pp. (=-srita), changing &open;as&close; to &open;o&close; before sonant letters (samdhi); -slishta, pp. slurred, coalescent (euphonic combina tion of a or â with a following vowel or of other vowels with homogeneous ones); vowel resulting from coalescence or accent of a coalescent vowel (gr.); -slesha, m. close con tact or pressure; coalescence (of vowels).
prasāda m. clearness (of water, the voice); brightness; perspicuity (of speech or style); radiance (of the countenance); calm ness (of mind), serenity; cheerfulness, good temper; kindness, graciousness, favour; help, aid; gracious gift; food offered to an idol; remnants of a preceptor's food (which may be eaten without scruple): -m kri, be gra cious, show favour; grant the favour of (inf. or --°ree;); -sâda-ka, a. making clear, clarifying; cheering, gladdening; -sâdana, a. (î) making clear, clarifying; n. making clear, clarification; soothing, calming, tranquillizing; rendering cheerful; gratifying; propitiation; -sâdanîya, fp. to be propitiated; -sâda-parâ&ndot;mukha, a. (î) indifferent to any one's favour; with drawing one's favour from (g.); -sâda-bhû mi, f. object of favour, favourite; -sâdayi tavya, fp. to be rendered propitious towards (upari); -sâda-vitta: -ka, a. abounding in favour, standing high in the favour of (g. or --°ree;); m. favourite; -sâda½antara, n. another mark of favour; -sâdita, cs. pp. (√ sad) pleased, propitiated, well-satisfied; -sâdin, a. bright (eye, face); clear (neetar); perspi cuous; cheering, gladdening; -sâdî-kri, grant (ac.) as a favour to (g.), graciously present; -sâdya, 1. cs. gd. having ap peased, pleased, or propitiated; 2. fp. to be propitiated; -sâdhaka, a. (ikâ) adorn ing; m. dresser, valet; f. (ikâ) lady's maid; -s&asharp;dhana, a. accomplishing; n. ac complishment; putting in order, arranging; embellishment, personal adornment, toilet; means of decoration, toilet requisites; orna ment of (--°ree;): î, f. comb; -sâdhita, pp. ac complished; decorated; -sâra, m. spreading or stretching out, extension; rising, whirling up (of dust); opening; -sârana, n. stretch ing out, extending; development; extension, diffusion, augmentation; vocalization of a semivowel (gr.); -sâranin, a. containing a semivowel liable to vocalization (gr.); -sâr ita, cs. pp. (√ sri) extended, expanded, dif fused; stretched forth, exposed for sale; -sârin, a. breaking forth, issuing from (--°ree;); stretching oneself out; extending to (--°ree;); -sârya, 1. cs. gd. having extended or put forth; 2. fp. to be vocalized (semivowel).
prasava m. 1. pressing (of Soma); 2. setting in motion, impulse; course, current; quickening power, stimulation, instigation; aid; command; acquisition; vivifier; 3. be getting, generation; conception; bringing forth, bearing; birth; delivery, confinement; augmentation; birth-place; flower, blossom; sg. & pl. offspring, progeny (--°ree;, sts.=young --): -griha, n. lying-in chamber; -savana, n. bringing forth, bearing of children; fe cundity; -sava-vedanâ, f. pangs of child birth, travail; -savitrí, m. 1. impeller, in citer, vivifier (of, g.); 2. (-tri), m. procreator, father; -savin, a. bearing, producing; -sa vya, a. (holding the left hand outtowards anything), following one's left hand, keeping one's left hand towards anything (in walking round it): -m, ad. to the left; -sáh, a. (str. st. -s&asharp;h) overpowering; -saha, a. enduring, withstanding (--°ree;); m.endurance, resistance (only --°ree;); beast or bird of prey; -sahana, n. resisting; overcoming; embracing; -sahya, 1. gd. forcibly; exceedingly; without more ado; necessarily (with na, by no means); 2. fp. conquerable;with inf. capable of being (ps. pt.): -kârin, a. acting with violence; -harana, n. forcible abduction or appro priation.
prasakala a. very full (bosom); -sakta, pp. √ sañg: °ree;-or -m, ad. incessantly; -saktavya, fp. to be attached to (lc.); -sak ti, f. attachment, devotion, or addiction to, indulgence in, occupation with (lc.), occur rence of a case; bearing, applicability; practicableness: -m pra-yâ, be practicable; -sa&ndot;ktavya, fp. to be allowed to occur; -sa&ndot;khyâ, f. sum total; consideration; -sam khyâna, n. enumeration; reflexion, medita tion; fame, reputation; -sa&ndot;ga, m. attach ment, inclination; fondness for, addiction to; indulgence in (lc. or --°ree;); gratification, of (g.); association or intercourse with (--°ree;); illicit pursuit; applicability; contingency; opening, opportunity, occasion; connexion (pl. all that is connected with or results from anything): in. assiduously, with one's whole soul; in the course of (--°ree;); occasionally, in cidentally (also ab., °ree;--, or -tas); amunâ or tat-prasa&ndot;gena, on that occasion; etat prasa&ndot;ge, on this occasion; prasa&ndot;ge ku tra½api, on a certain occasion: -vat, a. occa sional, incidental, -vinivritti, f. non-recur rence of a contingency, prevention of the re currence; -sa&ndot;gin, a. attached or devoted to (--°ree;); connected with anything; contin gent, occurring; secondary, unessential; -sag ya, fp. applicable: -tâ, f. -ness,-pratishe dha, m. negative form of an applicable (posi tive) statement: -tva, n. abst. n.; -satti, f. graciousness; favour, complacency; -sam dhâna, n. combination, union; -sanna, pp. (√ sad) clear; bright; pleased, soothed, de lighted; complacent; gracious, propitious, kindly disposed; plain (meaning); distinct (impression); correct (supposition): -tâ, f. clearness, purity; brightness; perspicuity; complacence, good humour, -tva, n.clearness, brightness, -mukha, a. of a placid counte nance, looking pleased, -salila, a. having clear water; -sabha, °ree;-or -m, ad. forcibly; violently; exceedingly, very much; importu nately: -damana, n. forcible subjugation; -sara, m. advance; diffusion, expansion, ex tension; range; issue (of smoke); free scope, ample space; motion (of the eye); appear ance, manifestation; prevalence, influence; stream, flood; multitude, quantity: -na, n. running away, escaping; coming into force; complaisance, amiability; -sárga (or á), m. gushing forth; dismissal; -sárpana, n. going forward, advancing; betaking oneself to (lc.); -sarpin, a. issuing from (--°ree;); slinking away.
praseka m. effusion; watering of the mouth, nausea; exudation, resin; spout (of a ladle); -sekin, a. discharging fluid; suffering from (excessive) salivation; -sena: -git, m. N. of various princes; -sevaka, m. sack, bag; damper on the neck of a lute.
prasū a. bearing, giving birth to; fruitful, prolific; producing, providing for (--°ree;); f. mother; sprout; flowering sacrificial grass; -sûta, pp. born, produced; n. pri mordial soul or matter (phil.);(á)-sûti, 1. f. instigation, command; permission; (a) sûti, 2. f. bringing forth, parturition; laying (of eggs); birth; coming forth, production (of fruit, flowers, etc.); producer; child, off spring, progeny; product; -sûtikâ, f. a. re cently confined; having lately calved; -sûna, pp. √ sû; n. blossom, flower: -bâna, m. (flower-arrowed), Kâma, -½âsuga, m. id.
prastāra m. strewing, spreading out; abundance; litter, bed of straw; couch; layer; stair (leading down to water); flat surface; table of all the possible combinations in a metre: -pa&ndot;kti, f.combination-pa&ndot;kti, a metre (12+12+8+8 syllables); -stârin, a. spreading out, extending to; -stâva, m. pre liminary mention, allusion, propounding or introducing a topic; subject of conversation, topic; opportunity, occasion, season, proper time; beginning, commencement; introduc tion; -of a Sâman sung by the Prastotri priest: in. at any one's convenience; lc. on a suitable occasion, opportunely, -tas, ad. in the course of (--°ree;); -stâvanâ, f. blazing abroad, through (in.); beginning, commencement; introduction, (dramatic) prologue (the scene between the benediction and beginning of the first act); -stâva-sadrisa, a. suited to the occasion, seasonable, appropriate; -stâvita, cs. pp. commenced, begun; referred to.
prasraṃsa m. falling down; -srams ana, n. dissolvent; -sramsin, a. (-î) mis carrying; -srava, m. flowing forth; stream, flow; flow of milk (lc. when the milk flows): pl. gushing tears; -srávana, n.gushing or streaming forth, trickling, oozing; effusion, discharge (of, from, or into, --°ree;); spring, foun tain; spout; -srava-yukta, pp. discharging milk (breasts), -samyukta, pp. id.; stream ing (tears); -sravin, a. pouring forth, dis charging (--°ree;); discharging milk (cow); -srâva, m. urine; -sruta, pp. oozed, issued, etc.
prākṛta a. (â, î) connected with nature (prakriti), natural, original; unal tered; usual, ordinary, common; low, vul gar; proceeding from or relating to nature (phil.); Prâkritic; m. low orvulgar man, n. vernacular dialect (derived from Sanskrit and spoken by women and inferior charac ters in Sanskrit plays), Prâkrit: -bhâshin, a. speaking Prâkrit, -sâsana, n. treatise on Prâkrit, -kandrikâ, f. Moonlight of Prâkrit, T. of Vararuki's Prâkrit grammar, -pra kâsa, m. Illustration of Prâkrit, id.
prākaraṇika a. belonging to the matter in question; -to the chapter; -to the genus.
prāgātha a. (î) belonging to the Pragâthas, i. e. to the eighth Mandala of the RV.; m. pat. descendant of Pragâtha.
prāggṅgam ad. on the east of the Ganges; -gamana-vat, a. going forward; -gâmin, a. preceding or intending to precede; -guna, a. having the previously mentioned quality; -grîva, a.having the neck directed eastward; -ganman, n. previous birth or existence; -gâta, (pp.) n., -gâti, f. previous existence; -gyotish-a, a. lighted from the east; relating to the city of Prâggyotisha; m. prince or country of Prâggyotisha: pl. inhabitants of--; n. N. of a city supposed to have been inhabited by the demon Naraka; -dakshina, a. (east-southern, i.e.) south-east ern: â, f. south-east; â, ad. south-easterly: -pravana, a. sloping towards the south-east; -desa, m. eastern country; -daihika, a. be longing to a former life; -dvâr, f. door facing east; -dvâra, n. id.; space in front of a door; a. having a door facing eastward; -bhâra, m. [having the weight in front, inclined], de clivity; inclination; (subsiding) mass, great quantity; -bhâva, m. previous existence.
prātaradhyeya fp. to be recited early in the morning; -anuvâká, m. early recitation (the litany with which the Prâtah savana begins); -anta, a. ending in the morning; -apavarga, a. id.; -abhivâda, m. morning greeting; -avanegá, m. morning ablution; -ahna, m. early part of the day, forenoon; -âsa, m. morning meal, breakfast; -âsita, pp. having taken one's morning meal, having breakfasted; -âhutí, f.morning sacri fice (the second half of the daily Agnihotra sacrifice).
prāthamakalpika a. being something in the strictest sense of the term; m. beginner, tyro in study.
prātikāmin m. (acting ac cording to one's desire: prati-kâmam), ser vant; messenger; -kûlika, a. (î) resisting, hostile, contrary: -tâ, f. opposition, hostility; -kûlya, n. unfriendliness, opposition; repug nant practice; disagreeableness; disagree ment with (--°ree;); -gña, n. subject under dis cussion; -daivas-ika, a. occurring daily (prati-divasam); -nidhi-ka, m. representa tive; -paksha, a. belonging to the enemy oradversary; -pakshya, n. hostility, enmity, towards (g.); -pada, a. forming the com mencement; m. N.; -pad-ika, a. express, ex plicit; n. crude base of a noun (before it re ceives the case terminations or other suffixes); -paurush-ika, a. relating to manliness or valour; -bha, a. intuitive; n. intuition; pre sence of mind; -bhat-ya, n. rivalry; -bhâv ya, n. surety, for (--°ree;); certainty, trustworthy news of (g.); -bhâs-ika, a. existing only in appearance, apparent only; -rûp-ika, a. coun terfeit, spurious; using false measure or coun terfeit coin; -lom-ya, n. inversion, inverse order; opposition, hostility; -ves-ika, m. neighbour; -vesm-ika, m. neighbour: î, f.female neighbour; -ves-ya, a. neighbouring; m. opposite neighbour; neighbour;--°ree;=neigh bouring: -ka, m. neighbour; -sâkhya, n. a grammatical treatise on the phonetic changes of words in the text of the Vedasaccording to the respective recension (prati-sâkham; there are four such treatises, one for the RV., two for the YV., and one for the AV.); -satvanam, ad. in the direction of the Sat van; -sv-ika, a. own, peculiar, not common to others; -hata, m. kind of svarita ac cent; -hartra, n. office of the Pratihartri; -hârika, m. door-keeper; -hâr-ya, n. jug glery, performance of miracles; miracle.
prānta m. n. [extreme end], edge, border, margin, verge, skirt; end, extremity, tip; corner (of lips, eyes, etc.): °ree;--, in the end, eventually: -virasa, a. tasteless in the end.
prāyaṇa n. entrance, commence ment; course of life, career; departure from life, death; refuge: -m kri, seek death; -tas, ad. in the beginning; -½anta, m. end of life: -m, till death; lc. at the end of life.
prārambha m. beginning of a task, undertaking, enterprise; commencement.
prāyojya a. belonging to what is requisite.
prāvarṣin a. beginning to rain.
prālamba a. hanging down, pen dent; n. (?) garland hanging down from the neck.
prāśitra n. [belonging to the Prâ sitri], portion of sacrificial ghee eaten by the Brahman priest: -hárana, n. vessel for hold ing the Prâsitra.
prāvepa m. hanging fruit swaying on a tree.
prāvṛṣ f. rainy season, rains (as a division of the calendar embracing the months Âshâdha and Srâvana, which are the first half of the actual rains); -vrishi-ga, a. produced or occurring in the rainy season; -vrish-&isharp;na, a. belonging to or beginning the rainy season (day); -vrish-enya, a. referring or belonging to the rainy season.
prekṣaka a. (ikâ) looking on; looking at or intending to look at (ac.); con sidering, investigating, judging; m. specta tor; -ana, n. viewing, looking at; looking on at a performance; view, look; eye; public show, spectacle: -ka, a. looking on; m. spectator; n. spectacle, show; comedy (opp. reality); -anîya, fp. to be seen, visible, to (in.); to look at, looking like (--°ree;); worthy to be seen by (--°ree;); beautiful to look at: -ka, n. show, spectacle, -tara, cpv. more beautiful to look at, -tâ, f. fitness to be seen.
prepsā f. wish to obtain; desire; assumption, supposition; -½îpsu, des. a. wish ing to obtain, seeking, longing for, aiming at; assuming, supposing.
preṅkha a. rocking, swaying, pitch ing; m., â, f. swing; -ana, n. moving to wards (--°ree;); n. swinging; kind of minor play in one act.
preraka a. urging, impelling; m. stimulator, instigator; -ana, n. (also â, f.) stimulation, instigation, incitement, to (pra ti); activity, action; -anîya, fp. to be urged, to (d.); -ita, pp. urged, instigated,etc.; sent, despatched; -itri, m. instigator, inciter.
plākṣa a. relating or belonging to the wavy-leaved fig-tree (Ficus infectoria).
phiraṅga a. belonging to the Franks, European; m. Europe; -in, m. European.
phālguna a. (&isharp;) belonging to the lunar mansion Phalgunî; m. month of which the full moon is in the asterism Phalgunî (February-March); ep. of Arguna; n. kind of grass used as a substitute for the Soma plant; N. of a place of pilgrimage: î, f. day of full moon in the month Phâlguna; the asterism Phalgunî.
baddha pp. (√ bandh) bound, etc.: -ka, m. prisoner (V.); -kadambaka, a. forming groups; -kalâpin, a. having his quiver tied on; -graha, a. insisting on something; -kitta, a. having one's thoughts fixed on (lc.); -trishna, a. longing for (--°ree;); -drishti, a. having one's gaze fixed on (lc.); -dvesha, a. entertaining hatred for any one; -niskaya, a. firmly resolved; -netra, a. having the eyes fixed on anything, gazing steadfastly; -pratigña, a. having made a promise; -pratisrut, a. echoing; -bhâva, m. having the affections fixed on, enamoured of (lc.); -bhîma½andhakâra, a. wrapped in terrible gloom; -mandala, a. having circles formed, ranged in circles; -mushti, a. having the fist elenched; close-fisted; -mûla, a. having taken root, firmly rooted; having gained a firm footing: -tâ, f. firm footing; -mauna, a. observing silence; -rabhasa, a.impetuous, passionate; -râga, a. having one's desire fixed on, enamoured of (lc.); -râgga, a. hav ing gained the sovereignty, having succeeded to the throne; -laksha, a. having the gaze fixed on, gazing steadfastly at (--°ree;); -vasati, a. having one's abode fixed in, dwelling in (lc.); -vâk, a. obstructing speech; -vepathu, a. trembling; -vaira, a. having contracted hostility with (in. or --°ree;); -sikha, a. having one's hair tied in a top-knot;-srotra-manas- kakshus, a. having ears, mind, and eyes fixed on (lc.); -sneha, a. entertaining affection for (lc.); -spriha, a. feeling a longing for (--°ree;); -½añgali, a. holding one's hands joined together (in supplication or as a mark of respect); -½âdara, a. attaching great value to (--°ree;); -½ânanda, a. having joy attaching to it, joyful (day); -½anurâga, a. conceiving an attachment, enamoured; -½anusaya, a. con ceiving an unconquerable hatred; -½andha kâra, a. wrapped in darkness; -½avasthiti, a. constant; -½âsa, a. entertaining hope of (--°ree;); -½âsa&ndot;ka, a. conceiving anxiety; -½ut sava, a. entering upon a festival; -½udyama,a. making efforts or prepared to (inf.).
bata ij. (of astonishment or regret), ah! alas! (following the idea producing the emotion at the beginning of a sentence; in C. often in the middle of a sentence); bata½are, id.; aho bata and ayi bata, id. (C. at the beginning of a sentence).
bandhapāśa m. fetter; -mokan ikâ, -mokanî, f. (freeing from bonds), N. of a Yoginî.
bandhana a. (î) binding, fettering; captivating; n. binding, tying, fastening; bandaging; tying on (of a girdle etc.); entwining, clasping; capture; confinement, imprisonment, captivity; construction (of a bridge etc.); embanking or damming up (water); bridging over; connexion; fixing upon, directing towards (lc.); checking, suppressing; mundane bondage (opp. final liberation); bond, fetter; rope, cord, thong, halter, tether; fig. bond = that which holds any thing (g.) together; prison; sinew, muscle; embankment; stalk, stem (of flower or fruit): --°ree; a. bound to (lc.), fettered by (--°ree;): -kâr-in, a. (--°ree;) fettering, clasping: (-i)-tâ,f. abst. n.; -stha, a. being or living in confinement or captivity, imprisoned; m. captive, prisoner; -½agâra, m. house of bondage, prison.
bandha m. tying, fastening, bandaging; catching, capturing; fettering; arrest; connexion with (--°ree;); intercourse with (--°ree;); putting together, joining (the hands etc.); posture, position of the hands and feet; construction, building (of a bridge etc.); damming up (of a river); bridging; fixing on, directing towards (lc.); assumption or obtainment of a body (--°ree;); manifestation, display, or possession of (--°ree;); bond, deposit, pledge; mundane bondage (opp. final emancipation); bond, tie; band, fillet; bandage; fetter; sinew, tendon; receptacle; combination of words or letters: -ka, m. binder (of animals); catcher (--°ree;); rope, thong, fetter; part (--°ree; with an ordinal, e.g. tenth); n. (?) pledging: î, f. unchaste woman; -karana, n. fettering or checking by magic; -kartri, m. binder, fetterer, restrainer (Siva).
barhiṣmat a. accompanied or provided with sacrificial grass; having or strewing sacrificial grass=sacrificer; -yã, a. belonging to or suitable for the sacrificial grass or the sacrifice.
basta m. he-goat: a½aginá, n. goat skin (V.).
bahutama spv. remotest: â bahutamât purushât, down to the remotest descendant; -tara, cpv. more numerous, more, than (ab.); more extensive, greater (fire); too or very much; several: etad eva½asmâkam bahutaram -yad, it is already a great thing for us that --; -m, ad. more; repeatedly; -tara-ka, a. very much or numerous; -tarâm, (ac. f.) ad. highly, greatly, very; -tâ, f. abundance, multitude; -titha, a.(having many tithis or lunar days), long (time); much, manifold: -m, ad. greatly; e&zip;hani, on many a day=for many days; -trina, n. almost grass, a mere straw; -trish- na, a. suffering from great thirst; -trivarsha, a.almost three years old; -tva, n. multiplicity, multitude; majority, opinion of the majority; plural; -dakshiná, a. accompanied by many gifts (sacrifice); -dâna, n. bounteous gift; 2. a. (á) munificent; -dâyin, a. id.; -drisvan,m. great observer, very learned man; -devata, a. addressed to many deities (verse); -devatyã, a. belonging to many gods; -daivata, a. relating to many gods; -dosha, 1. m. great harm or disadvantage; 2. a. having many drawbacks (forest); -dhana, a. possessing much wealth, very rich: -½îsvara, m. very wealthy man; -dh&asharp;, ad. in many ways, parts, or places; variously; many times, repeatedly; very: -kri, multiply; spread abroad;-nâman, a. having many names; -patnîka, a. having many wives: -tâ, f. polygamy; -pada, a. many footed; -parná, a. many-leaved; -pasu, a. rich in cattle; -pâda, a. many-footed; hav ing several pâdas (verse); -putra, a.having many sons or children; -pushpa-phala½upe ta, pp. having many flowers and fruits; -pra kâra, a. manifold: -m, ad. variously; repeatedly; -prakriti, a. consisting of several nominal bases (compound); -praga, a.rich in children; -pragña, a. very wise; -pra- gñâna-sâlin, a. possessed of much knowledge; -pratigña, a. involving several charges or counts (leg.); -prapañka, a. of great diffuseness, prolix; -pralâpin, a. garrulous; -bhâshin, a. id.; -bhâshya, n. loquacity; -bhug, a. eating much; -bhûmika, a. consisting of many stories (building); -bhoktri, m. great eater; -bhogyâ, f. harlot; -bhog aka, a. eating much; -bhog-in, a. id.: (-i) tâ, f.voracity; -bhauma, a. many-storied (building); -mati, f. high opinion, esteem, respect; -matsya, n. place abounding in fish; -madhya-ga, a. belonging to many; -mantavya, fp. to be highly thought of, prized or esteemed; -mâna, m. high opinion or regard, esteem, respect, for (lc. of prs. or thing, rarely g. of prs.); attaching great im portance to (lc.): -purah-saram, ad. with respect; -mânin, a. held in esteem, respected; -mânya, fp. to be highly thought of, estimable; -mâya, a. having many wiles, artful, treacherous; -mitra, a. having many friends; -mukha, a. many-mouthed, talking of many things; -mûla-phala½anvita, pp. furnished with many roots and fruits; -mûlya, 1. n. large sum of money; 2. a. of great price, costly; -yâgín, a. having offered many sacrifices; -ragas, a. very dusty and having much pollen; -ratna, a. abounding in jewels.
bākula a. belonging to the Bakula tree.
bādara a. belonging to or coming from the jujube tree; coarse, gross (opp. mi nute, subtile); n. jujube; â, f. cotton-shrub.
bāṣkala m. N. of a Daitya; N. of a teacher; a. belonging to Bâshkala; m. pl. school of Bâshkala: -sâkhâ, f. Bâshkala re cension (of the Rig-veda).
bāhaya ] a. being outside (the door, house, village, etc.); situated out side (ab. or --°ree;); outer, external; strange, foreign; excluded from caste or the com munity, outcast; lying outside anything (ab. or --°ree;)=diverging from, conflicting with, be yond the pale of, having nothing to do with; with taddhita, m. secondary taddhita suffix (added after another taddhita); w. artha, m. meaning external to and having no imme diate connexion with the letters forming a word; -m kri, expel, eject; -m, in., lc., °ree;--, ad. or prp. outside (ab. or --°ree;); -m, ad. (go) out (of doors); ab. from without; m. corpse.
bīja n. seed (of plants and animals); seed-corn, grain; runner of the Indian fig-tree; germ, element; source, origin, begin ning; germ of a poem or play (from which the plot is developed); algebra; quicksilver: --°ree; a. caused or occasioned by: -ka, m. citron; n. seed; list; -kânda-prarohin, a. spring ing from seed or from slips; -kânda-ruha, a. id.; -kosî, f. seed-vessel (esp. of the lotus); -kriyâ, f. algebraic solution; -ganita, n. algebra; -dravya, n. elementary substance; -pûra: -ka, m. citron tree; -pûrna, m. id.; n. citron; -mâtra, n. only what is necessary for the preservation of seed or the race; -ruha, a. springing from seed;-vat, a. provided with seed or corn; -vâpa, m. sowing of seed; -sesha-mâtra, n. even their seed as a re mainder; -samhriti-mat, a. containing the germ and the catastrophe (of a play).
buddha pp. (√ budh) awakened, fully awake; expanded (flower); enlightened, wise; known, observed; m. enlightened person who is qualified by good works and knowledge of the truth for Nirvâna and reveals the true doctrine of salvation to the world before his decease (B.); the historical Buddha, named Sâkya-muni Gautama, the founder of the Buddhist religion, who was born in Magadha and died about 477 b. c.; -gayâ, f. Buddha's Gayâ, the Buddhistic name of the town of Gayâ (so called because Buddha obtained true knowledge there); -ghosha, m. N. of a celebrated Buddhist scholar who lived at the beginning of the fifth century a. d. (the N. is not quotable in Sanskrit); -tva, n. Buddha hood; -datta, m. N. of a minister; -dharma, m. Buddha's law; -pâlita, m. N. of a pupil of Nâgârguna; -mârga, m. way or doctrine of Buddha; -rakshita, m. N.: â, f. N.; -½âgama, m. Buddha's doctrine; -½anta, m. waking condition.
bodha a. understanding, knowing; m. awaking (int.); waking state, conscious ness; expanding, blooming (of flowers); call ing forth (a perfume); beginning to take effect (of a spell); apprehension, knowledge, understanding; designation; N.; -aka, a. (ikâ) awakening, rousing; causing to know, teaching, explaining; designating, indicating (--°ree;); enlightening, instructing; m. teacher, instructor; N.; -ana, a. (î) causing to awake, i.e. to expand (of a flower); arousing, excit ing; instructing, informing, teaching; m. planet Mercury; n. awaking, waking; per ceiving, understanding, knowledge; arous ing; causing to take effect (spell); causing to perceive or understand; instructing, in forming, enlightening; designating, indicat ing; ninth day of the dark fortnight in Bhâ dra, on which Durgâ awakes: î, f. eleventh day of the light fortnight of the month Kârttika, on which Vishnu awakes from his sleep; -anîya, fp. to be admonished; -un derstood; -regarded as.
baudha a. relating or belonging to Mercury: w. ahan, n. day of Mercury, Wed nesday.
bauddha a. kept in the mind (bud dhi), mental (=not uttered); relating to the understanding; belonging to or connected with Buddha; m. Buddhist: -darsana, n., -mata, (pp.) n. Buddhist doctrine.
brahmanirvāṇa n. extinction or absorption in Brahman (n.); -nishtha, a. absorbed in the contemplation of Brahman (n.); -nîda, n. resting-place of Brahman (n.); -pattra, n. Brahman's leaf=leaf of the Palâsa tree (Butea frondosa); -patha, m. path to Brahman (m. or n.); -pada, n. place of Brahman (n.); pârâyana, n. complete study or entire text of the Veda; -putrá, m. son of a priest or Brâhman; son of the god Brahman; kind of vegetable poison; N. of a large river rising in the eastern Himâlayas and falling into the bay of Bengal; N. of a lake; -pura, n. Brahman's citadel (in heaven); N. of a city (Theopolis): î, f. id.; ep. of the city of Benares; -puraka, m. pl. N. of a people; -pura½âkhya, a. named Brahmapura; -purâna, n. T. of a Purâna; -purusha, m. servant of the Brahman priest; servant of the god Brahman; -prakriti-ka, a. having Brahman as its source (world): -tva, n. origination from Brahman; -priya, a. found of devotion; -prî, a. id. (RV.); -bandhava, n. function of a priest's assistant; -bandhu, m. priest fellow (used contemptuously), unworthy Brâhman, Brâhman in caste only, nominal Brâhman; sp. Brâhman who does not perform the morning and the evening Samdhyâ ceremony (according to Sâyana); -bindu, m. Dot (Anusvâra) of Brahman, T. of an Upani shad; -bîga, n. seed of the Veda, the sacred syllable &open;om;&close; -bruvâna, pr. pt. Â. calling himself or pretending to be a Brâhman; -bhavana, n. abode of Brahman; -bhâgá, m. share of the Brahman priest; -bhâva, m. absorption in the Absolute; -bhâvana, a. manifesting or teaching the Veda; -bhid, a. dividing the one Brahman into many; -bhuvana, n. world of Brahman; -bhûta, pp. having become one with, i.e. absorbed in Brahman or the Abso lute; -bhûya, n. identification with or absorption in Brahman; rank of a Brâhman, Brâhmanhood; -bhûyas, a. becoming one with Brahman; n. absorption in Brahman; -bhrashta, pp. having forfeited sacred knowledge; -ma&ndot;gala-devatâ, f. ep. of Lakshmî; -matha, m. N. of a monastic school or college; -maya, a. (î) consisting or formed of Brahman; -maha, m. festival in honour of Brâhmans; -mîmâmsâ, f. inquiry into the nature of Brahman, the Vedânta philosophy; -yagñá, m. sacrifice of devotion=Vedic reci tation or study (one of the five daily sacri fices of the householder); -yasas, n.: -a, n. glory of Brahman; -yasas-in, a. possessing the glory of Brâhmans; -yúg, a. yoked by prayer = bringing the god in answer to prayer; -yoni, f. home of Brahman (n.); a. having one's home in Brahman; sprung from Brahman: -stha, a. abiding in Brahman (n.) as one's source; -rakshas, n. kind of evil demon; -ratna, n. valuable present bestowed on Brâh mans; -ratha, m. Brâhman's cart; -râkshasa, m. kind of evil demon; -râga, m. N.; -râta, m.given by Brahman, ep. of Suka; N. of Yâgñavalkya's father; -râsi, m. entire mass or circle of Vedic texts or sacred knowledge.
brahmāyus n. Brahman's life time; a. living as long as Brahman; m. N. of a Brâhman; -½aranya, n. N. of a forest; -½ârambha, m. beginning of Vedic recitation; -½arpana, n. offering of sacred knowledge; -½âvarta, m. N. of the sacred tract between the Sarasvatî and the Drishadvatî, north west of Hastinâpura; -½âsana, n. seat of the Brahman priest; a sitting posture suitable for sacred meditation; -½astra, n. Brahman's missile (a mythical weapon); -½âsya, n. a Brâhman's mouth; -½âhuti, f. offering of devotion.
brahmāṇḍa n. egg of Brahman, universe, world (sts. pl.): -kapâla, m. hemi sphere of the world=inhabited earth; -½âdya, 1. fp. eatable for Brâhmans; 2. a. beginning with Brahman; -½adhigamika, a. relating to Vedic study; -½ânanda, m. rapturous joy in Brahman; -½apeta, (pp.) m. N. of a Râk shasa; -½abhyâsa, m. Vedic study.
brāhmaṇa a. (î) belonging to a Brâhman, Brâhmanic; î, f. woman of the priestly caste; kind of red-tailed lizard; n. Brahman (n.), the divine (V.); divine power; dictum of a Brahman orpriest, theological exegesis relating to matters of faith and cult; N. of a class of works containing such disquisitions, a Brâhmana; passage in a Brâhmana; Soma-vessel of the Brahman priest: -ka, m. wretched or merely nominal Brâhman; -kalpa, a. resembling a Brâhman; -kumâra, m. Brâhman boy; -kula, n. house of a Brâhman; -griha, n. house of a Brâh man; -ghna, m. slayer of a Brâhman; -kând âla, m. (kândâla of a=) contemptible Brâh man; -gâtá, n. Brâhman race; -gushta, pp. pleasing to Brâhmans; -tâ, f. rank or con dition of a Brâhman; -tva, n. id.; -dârikâ, f. Brâhman girl; -patha, m. Brâhmana text; -putra-ka, m. Brâhman boy; -prasa&ndot;ga, m. applicability of the term Brâhmana, notion of Brâhman; -prâtivesya, m. neighbouring Brâhman; -priya, m. friend of Brâhmans; -bruva, a. calling himself a Brâhman, Brâh man only in name; -bhâva,m. condition or rank of a Brâhman; -bhogana, n. feeding of Brâhmans; -yagñá, m. sacrifice meant for or offered by Brâhmans; -vakana, n. statement of a Brâhmana text; -vadha, m. murder of a Brâhman.
brāhma a. (î) relating to Brahman; belonging, peculiar, or favourable to or con sisting of Brâhmans, Brâhmanical; bestowed on Brâhmans (money); prescribed by the Veda, scriptural; spiritual (birth); sacred, divine; sacred to Brahman: with tîrtha, n. part of the hand under the root of the thumb; w. vivâha, m. Brahman form of marriage (the highest of the eight forms, in which the bride is given to the bridegroom without any pre sent in return on his part); m. pat. N.; n. study of the Veda.
bhakti f. partition, distribution (V.); the being a part of or belonging to anything; appurtenance; portion, part; division, streak, line; order, succession; attachment, devotion, homage, honour, respect, worship, faith (in, etc., g., lc., or --°ree;; ordinary mg.); --°ree;, assumption of the form of (e.g. steps): in. figuratively; in succession (also -tas): -kkheda, m. pl. broken lines or streaks; -gña, a. knowing devotion, faithfully attached: -tva, n. faithfulness, loyalty; -pûrva-kam, -pûrvam, ad. devoutly, reverentially; -bhâg, a. possessed of faithful attachment or devotion; greatly devoted to a thing (lc.); -mat, a. attached, loyal, faithful, devoted, having pious faith (in, etc., lc. or --°ree;); -yoga, m. pious faith, devotion; -rasa, m. feelings of devotion; -râga, m. predilection for (lc.); -vâda, m. assurance of devotion; -hîna, pp. destitute of devotion.
bhakta pp. (√ bhag) devoted, etc.; m. worshipper; n. food; meal: -kara, m. preparer of food, cook; -kkhanda, n. appetite; -tva, n. being a part of or belonging to (--°ree;); -da, -dâyaka, a.presenting food to (g.); -dâsa, m. one who serves in return for his daily food; -dvesha, m. aversion to food, lack of appetite; -dveshin, a. disliking food, lacking appetite; -pâtra, n. dish of food; -ruki, f. appetite; -rokana,a. stimulating appetite; -sarana, n. kitchen; -sâlâ, f. dining-hall; -½âkâ&ndot;kshâ, f. appetite; -½abhilâsha, m. id.; -½abhisâra, m. dining-room; -½aruki, f. aversion for food.
bhaga m. [dispenser: √ bhag] lord (of gods, esp. Savitri: V.); N. of one of the Adityas bringing welfare and love and instituting marriage; the lunar asterism Phalgunî; sun; good fortune, luck, happy lot (mostly V.); dignity, grandeur (mostly V.); loveliness, beauty; love, affection, amorousness; pudendum muliebre.
bhayāpaha a. releasing from fear, warding off danger from (--°ree;); -½abâdha, a. undisturbed by fear; -½ârta, pp. stricken with fear, terrified; -½âvaha, a. bringing fear or danger to (--°ree;); -½uttara, a. attended with fear; -½upasama, m. allaying of danger, fear.
bhayakara a. terrifying; endan gering (g.); -kartri, -krit, m. one who terri fies or endangers; -m-kara, a. (î) fear-in spiring, terrifying, formidable (to, --°ree;); m. N.; -dindima, m. battle-drum; -trâtri, m. rescuer from danger; -da, a. terrifying or bringing danger to (g. or --°ree;); -dâna, n. gift given through fear; -dâyin, a. fear-inspir ing; -dhana, a. abounding in dread, terrible; -pratîkâra, m. removal of danger; -prada, a. fear-inspiring; -pradâyin, a. bringing into danger consisting of (--°ree;); -vihvala, a. agi tated with fear; -vyûha, m. kind of mili tary array in view of danger on all sides; -soka-samâvishta, pp. filled with fear and sorrow; -samtrasta-mânasa, a. having a mind scared with fear; -sthâna, n. occasion of danger; -hâraka, a. freeing from fear or danger; -hetu, m. cause of alarm.
bhava m. birth, production; origin, source; existence, life; worldly existence; world; well-being, prosperity; N. of a god, a companion of Rudra (V.); N. of Siva (E. C.): --°ree;, becoming, turning into; --°ree; a. arising, produced, or found in, coming from.
bharaṇa n. bearing; wearing (of a garment, --°ree;); bringing, procuring; main taining, supporting, nurture; hire, wages: î, f. (gnly. pl.) a lunar asterism; -anîya, fp. to be supported, nourished, or fed.
bhavatputra m. your son; -pûrva, a. preceded by &open;bhavat&close;: -m, ad. with &open;bha vat&close; at the beginning.
bhavat pr. pt. [the gentleman pre sent], m. used as honorific pronoun of the second person (nm. -ân, f. -at-î) with the third person (exceptionally with the second) and interchanging with the pronoun of the second person; the pl. is sts. used in token of greater respect. Bhavat is often joined with atra, tatra, and sts. even sa.
bhaviṣyapurāṇa n. T. of a Purâna: î-ya, a. belonging to the Bhavishya Purâna.
bhavabhaṅga m. annihilation of mundane existence; -bhâva, m. love of the world; -bhâvana, a. bestowing welfare: â, f. regarding anything as good fortune (--°ree;); -bhîru, a. fearing rebirth; -bhûti, f. for tunate existence; m. N. of a dramatic poet, author of the Mâlatîmâdhava, the Mahâvîra karita, and the Uttararâmakarita, who lived in the eighth century a.d.; -bhoga, m. plea sures of the world; -manyu, m. resentment against the world; -maya, a. proceeding from Siva; -mokana, a. releasing from mundane existence; -sarman, m. N.; -sa&ndot;gin, a. at tached to worldly existence; -samtati, f. continuous series of transmigrations; -sâyu- gya, n. union with Siva (after death); -sâra, m. ocean of existence.
bhājana n. representation (in. in the place of: g.); --°ree;, representing, the equivalent of (V.); --°ree; a. sharing in, entitled to, be longing or relating to; n. vessel, dish, pot; recipient, repository, of (g. or --°ree;), fit object or person for (g.); a measure of capacity equal to 64 Palas: -tâ, f. being a vessel of (g.); pos session, -tva, n. being a vessel for, worthiness.
bhāgineya m. son of a sister (bha ginî): -ka, m. id.
bhānava a. peculiar to the sun; -îya, a. belonging to the sun, solar.
bhāradvāja a. (î) derived from or relating to Bharadvâga; m. descendant of Bharadvâga, pat. of Agastya and others; planet Mars; skylark: î, f. female descend ant of Bharadvâga; skylark; N. of a river; a-ka, a. belonging to or derived from Bhar advâga: i-kâ, f. skylark.
bhārgava a. (î) derived from, be longing or relating to Bhrigu; belonging to Bhârgava (Sukra); m. descendant of Bhrigu, Parasurâma; pat. of Sukra, teacher of the Daityas; ep. of Siva: î, f. female descend ant of Bhrigu; daughter of Bhârgava (Sukra); ep. of Pârvatî; (a)-râghavîya, a. relating to Parasurâma and Râma.
bhāvanīya fp. to be set about; -indulged in (pain); -cherished; -imagined or realized; -supposed or assumed.
bhāvana a. (î) effecting, producing; furthering, promoting the welfare of (g. or --°ree;); imagining, fancying; teaching; n., â, f. producing, effecting; conception, imagina tion, idea, fancy; supposition; â, f. settling, determining; saturation of a powder with fluid; --°ree; a. nature: in. in thought, in imagi nation; -m bandh, occupy one's imagination with, direct one's thoughts to (lc.).
bhāva m. becoming, arising, occur ring; turning into (--°ree;), transformation into (lc.); being, existence; endurance, continu ance; state of being (--°ree;, forming abst. nouns like -tâ and -tva); being orbecoming (as the fundamental notion of the verb, sp. of the int. or imps. vb.); behaviour, conduct; condition, state; rank, position; aspect of a planet (in astrology); true state, reality (°ree;--, in reality); manner of being, nature; mental state, dis position, temperament; way of thinking, thought, opinion, sentiment, feeling; emotion (in rhetoric there are eight or nine primary Bhâvas corresponding to that number of Rasas or sentiments); supposition; meaning, import (iti bhâvah is continually used by commen tators like iti½arthah or iti½abhiprâyah, at the end of an explanation); affection, love; seat of the emotions, heart, soul; substance, thing; being, creature; discreet man (dr.: vc.=re spected sir); astrological house: bhâvo bhâ vam nigakkhati, birds of a feather flock to gether; bhâvam dridham kri, make a firm resolution; bhâvam kri or bandh, conceive affection for (lc.): -ka, a. causing to be, pro ducing (--°ree;); promoting the welfare of (g.); imagining, fancying (g. or --°ree;); having a sense of the beautiful, having a poetic taste; -kar tri-ka, a. having as its agent an abstract noun; -gamya, fp. to be recognised by the imagination.
bhāvya fp. that must be or happen; future (sts. =fut. of √ bhû); to be effected or accomplished; -felt; -imagined; -guessed; -approved; -convicted: -proved or demon strated; n. imps. one (in.) should or must be; to be understood: -tâ, f., -tva, n. futurity.
bhikṣāka m. beggar; -karana, n. begging, mendicancy; -kara, m. N. of a son of Bhoga; -karana, n. mendicancy: -m kar, go about begging; -kárya, n. id.: -m kar, go about begging: â, f. id.; -karya-karana, n. id.; -kâra, a. practising mendi cancy; m. beggar; -½atana, n. wandering about begging, mendicancy: -m kri, beg; -m kâr aya, force any one (ac.) to go begging; -½anna, n. food obtained by begging; -pâtra, n.begging-bowl, alms-dish; -prakâra, m. going forth to beg; -bhânda, n. begging bowl; -bhug, a. living on alms; -½ayana, n. mendicancy; -½arthin, a. begging for charity; m. beggar; -vat, a. receiving charity, beg ging; -vritti, a. subsisting on alms; -½âsi tva, n. eating of begged food, living on alms; -½âsin, a. eating begged food, living on alms; -½âhâra, m. begged food; a. living on alms; m. beggar.
bhikṣaṇa n. begging, mendicancy; -&asharp;, f. begging, soliciting, mendicancy; begged food, alms: -m kri, beg; -m at, kar, bhram, or yâ, go about begging.
bhujaṃga m. (moving in curves), snake, serpent; paramour, gallant; dissolute friend of a prince; constant companion of a prince; N.: î, f. female serpent; a-kanyâ, f. young female serpent; -prayâta,n. ser pent's gait; a metre; -bhogin, m. devourer of serpents, ep. of Garuda.
bhūtakaraṇa n. that which pro duces the past tense, augment; -kartri, m. creator of beings; -kâla, m. past time; -kâl ika, a. relating to the past; -krít, a. creat ing beings; m. creator of beings; -ketu, m. N. of a Vetâla; -gana, m. the host of created beings; a or the host of spirits; -grâ ma, m. sg. & pl. the aggregate of created beings, community of creatures; multitude of spirits; -kârin, a. moving among beings (Siva); -kintâ, f. investigation of the ele ments; -kaitanika, m. believer in the doc trine that mind is produced from material elements; -kaitanya, n. state of matter being mind; -gananî, f. mother of all beings; -gâta, n.aggregate of beings; -tâ, f. verity, truth; -tva, n. condition of created beings or elements; -dayâ, f. tenderness to all creatures; -druh, a. injuring creatures; -dharâ, f. supporter of creatures, earth; -dhâtrî, f. supporter of creatures (sleep); earth; -dhârinî, f. earth; -nâtha, m. ruler of spirits, ep. of Siva; -nikaya, m. (aggre gate of elements), body; -páti, m. lord of creatures, esp. of evil spirits, ep. of Agni, Bhava, Sarva, and Siva; -pâla, m.protector of creatures; -pûrva, a. having been before, former; old (stories); deceased: -tâ, f. for mer circumstances; -prakriti, f. primal source of created beings; -bhartri, m. lord of spirits, ep. of Siva; -bhâvana, a.blessing creatures, ep. of Brahman; -bhâvin, a. creating beings; past and future; -bhâshâ, f., -bhâshita, (pp.) n. language of the goblins; -bhrit, a. supporting beings; -bhautika, a. consisting of the elements and what is formed of them; -maya, a. (î) including all beings; formed out of the five elements; -mahesvara, m. great lord of the spirits, ep. of Siva; -mâ trâ, f. pl. the subtile elements; the gross and the subtile elements; -yagñá, m.offering to all created beings (one of the five Mahâya gñas to be performed daily by the householder; it consists in the oblation of the Bali, q. v.); -yoni, f. origin of created beings; -râg, m. king of the spirits, ep. of Siva; -rûpa, a. having the form of a goblin.
bhūyiṣṭha spv. most, most abun dant or numerous; most important, chief, principal; very great, large, much, or nume rous; --°ree;, mostly composed or consisting of; highly characterized by, filled with; --°ree; after a pp. mostly, almost (a N. belonging to the pp. comes between it and bhûyishtha): -m, ad. most; mostly, chiefly; exceedingly, very much, in a very high degree; almost com pletely; -tâ, f. great number.
bhūruh m. (springing from the earth), plant, tree; -ruha, m. id.
bhṛt a. (--°ree;) bearing; possessing, having, endowed with; bringing, affording; maintaining, supporting.
bhaikṣava a. belonging to the monk (bhikshu).
bhaikṣacaraṇa n. going about begging: -m kri, practise mendicancy; -karya, n., -karyâ, f. id.; -bhug, a. living on alms.
bhaikṣa a. living on alms; n. begging, mendicancy; begged food, alms, charity: -m kar, go about begging for (--°ree;); beg for alms.
bhogakara a. (î) affording enjoy ment; -griha, n. women's apartments, harem; -tva, n. condition of enjoyment etc.; -dattâ, f. N.; -deva, m. N.; -deha, m. body of en joyment (subtle body assumed by dead persons, with which they enjoy pleasure or pain ac cording to the actions of their pastlife); -pati, m. (lord of the revenue), governor of a city or province, viceroy; -bhug, a. indulging in pleasure; m. wealthy man.
bhauvana a. belonging to the world (V.); m. pat. of Visvakarman.
bhauvādika a. belonging to the class of roots beginning with bhû (bhû½âdi), i. e. to the first conjugational class (gr.).
bhrāmara a. relating or belonging to the bee; n. honey; î, f. ep. of Durgâ.
ma base of the prn. of the 1st prs.: mâ (ac.) and me (d., g.) being unaccented never occur at the beginning of a sentence.
majjana n. sinking, going under water, immersion; plunging into the water, bathing, ablution, bathe; drowning, over whelming.
madakara a. intoxicating; -karin, m. elephant in rut; -kala, a. passionately sweet (note); uttering soft sounds of love; drunk with passion; reeling with intoxica tion; being in rut, beginning to rut (elephant); -kârin, -krit, a. intoxicating; -kyút, a. 1. (V.) reeling with excitement, exhilarated with Soma; gladdening, exhilarating; 2. distilling temple-juice (elephant); -gala, n. temple juice (of elephants); -gvara, m.fever of pas sion or pride; -durdina, n. stream of temple juice; -dvipa, m. rutting elephant.
madapaṭu a. rutting (elephant); ad. clearly with joy (warble); -prada, a. in toxicating and causing pride or conceit; -prasravana½âvila, a. turbid with temple juice; -muk, a. discharging temple-juice (elephant).
pāṇavika a. belonging to a drum.
madhyatas ad. from, in, or into the midst of, out of, among (g. or --°ree;); of mid dle sort; -tâ, f. mediocrity; -desa, m. middle region; waist; Midland (the country lying between the Himâlaya, the Vindhya, Vina sana in the west and Prayâga in the east): pl. the inhabitants of Madhya-desa: î-ya, a. be longing to or living in Midland; -desya, a. id.; -deha, m. middle of the body; -nagara, n. interior of a city; -nihita,pp. put inside.
madhyarātra m. midnight; -râ tri, f. id.; -rekhâ, f. central line (supposed to be drawn to Mount Meru from La&ndot;kâ, Uggayinî, Kurukshetra, and other places); -vayas, a. middle-aged; -vartin,a. being in the midst of, in, or among (--°ree;); -sarîra, a. moderately stout; -sâyin, a. lying within; -siddhânta-kaumudî, f. medium Siddhânta kaumudî, T. of an abridgment of the Sid dhânta-kaumudî; -stha, a. being in the mid dle; being in the air; being within; being in, between, or among (g. or --°ree;); mediating between (g.); middling; indifferent, impar tial, neutral; standing between=belonging to neither or to both parties (territory etc.): -tâ, f. indifference; impartiality; -sthala, n. middle part, hip; -sthâna, n. middle re gion, atmosphere; -sthita, pp. being between (g.); indifferent: -tâ, f. indifference.
manas n. mind (in its widest sense as the seat of intellectual operations and of emotions), internal organ; understanding, intellect; soul, heart; conscience; thought, conception; imagination; cogitation, reflexion; inclination, desire, will; mood, disposition; in the philosophical systems manas is regarded as distinct from soul (âtman), of which it is only the instrument, and is (except in the Nyâya) considered perishable:-kri, make up one's mind, resolve; fix one's heart or affections upon any one (g.); -kri, pra-kri, dhâ, vi-dhâ, dhri, bandh, and nivesaya, direct the thoughts to, think of (d., lc., prati, or inf.); -sam-â-dhâ, collect oneself; in.mánasâ, in the mind; in thought or imagination; with all one's heart, will ingly; by the leave of (g.); manasâ½iva, as with a thought, in a trice; manasâ man, think of in one's mind, -gam, go to in thought =imagine, remember, -sam-gam, become unanimous; manasi kri, bear or ponder in mind, -ni-dhâ, impress on the mind, trea sure in the heart; meditate, -vrit, be pass ing in one's mind; manas is often used --°ree; a. with an inf. in -tu=wishing or intend ing to (e. g. prashtu-manas, desirous of inquiring).
manodaṇḍa m. complete control over one's thoughts; -duhkha, n. mental pain, heart-ache; -dushta, pp. impure in thought; -(a)navasthâna, n. distraction of mind, in attention; -nâsa, m. loss of mental power or understanding; -(a)nukûla, a. pleasant to the mind; -(a)nuga, a. suiting the mind, pleasing, agreeable; -(a)pahârin, a. captivating the mind, delightful; -(a)peta, pp. destitute of understanding; -bhava, a.originating in the mind, imaginary; love (opp. anger); (sex ual) love, god of love; -(a)bhiprâya, m. heart's desire: -ga, a. desirable; -(a)bhi râma, a. pleasing to the mind, gratifying.
manuṣyakāra m. human effort; -gandha, m. human odour; -ganman, a. begotten by a man; -gâta, (pp.) n. human race; -gâti, f. id.; -tâ, f. human condition; manhood; -tvá, n. human condition, human ity: -m yâ, become men; -devá, m. god among men=Brâhman (V.) or king; -dhar man, m. ep. of Kubera; -pota, m. little boy; -prakriti, a. of human origin; -yagñá, m. offering to men (one of the five Mahâyagñas) =charity, hospitality; -rathá, m. human carriage; -râgá, -râgan, m. human king; -rûpá, n. human form; -loká, m. world of men; -vis, f., -visá, n., -visâ, f. human folk; -sâkshya, n. presence of men as witnesses: lc. before men as witnesses.
manda a. slow, sluggish, in (lc. or --°ree;); apathetic, indifferent to (d.); weak, slight; faint, low (voice), gentle (rain, wind); dull-witted, stupid, foolish; unhappy; dis eased, ill: -m, ad. slowly, gradually (also °ree;--); slightly; faintly, softly, in a low voice: mandam mandam, ad. very slowly, quite gradually; m. the planet Saturn: -ka, a. scanty, little; dull, stupid; -karni, m. N. of a sage; -karman, a. inactive; -kârin, a.acting foolishly; -kirana, a. weak-rayed; -ga, a. moving or going slowly; m. planet Saturn; -gati, a. moving slowly: -tva, n. slow pace; -ketas, a. absent-minded; dull witted, stupid, foolish; -kkhâya, a. having its beauty dimmed, dull-looking, lustreless; -garas, a. aging slowly; -gâta, pp. slowly produced; -tâ, f. indolence; slightness, in significance; dulness, stupidity, foolishness; -tva, n. slightness, insignificance, feebleness; -dhî, a. dull-witted, stupid, foolish; -pâla, m. N. of a Rishi; -punya, a. unfortunate, ill-fated; -pragña, a. dull-witted; -preman, a. having little affection; -phala, a. bearing little fruit; having an insignificant result; -buddhi, a. dull-witted; -bhâgin, a. ill fated, wretched; -bhâgya, n. misfortune; a. ill-fated, unlucky, unfortunate, miserable: -tâ, f. wretchedness; -bhâg, a. ill-fated; -ma ti, a. dull-witted; m. N. of a wheelwright; N. of a lion; -mandam,ad. very slowly or gradually, by degrees; very softly; -mand a½âtapa, a. having very slight heat, cool.
marta m. [old pp. of √ mri, preserving original strong vowel owing to early shift ing of accent caused by change of meaning] mortal, man (V.).
marmavid a. knowing the weak or vulnerable points of any one; -vidârana, a. lacerating the vitals, wounding mortally; -vegitâ, f. prob. incorr. for -vedi-tâ; -ved in, a. knowing the vulnerable orweak points: (-i)-tâ, f. knowledge of the weak points; -spris, a. touching the vitals, cutting to the quick; very cutting or stinging (fig.); -han, a. (-ghnî) striking the vitals, exceedingly stinging (speech).
mahāpakṣa a. having many ad herents, having a large following; -pa&ndot;ka, n. (?) deep mud; -pa&ndot;kti, f. a metre of forty-eight syllables; -pandita, a. extremely learned; m. great scholar; -patha, m. prin cipal street; high road; the great journey, pilgrimage to the other world (-m yâ, die); a certain hell; a. having a great path: -giri, m. N. of a mountain; -padma, n. a certain high number; m. one of the eight treasures connected with the magic art padminî; N. of a Nâga: -pati, m. lord of millions, ep. of Nanda, -saras, n. N. of a lake, -salila, n. id.; -padya-shatka, n. T. of a poem (at tributed to Kâlidâsa) consisting of six classi cal verses; -½aparâdha, m. great crime or injury; -parvata, m. high mountain; -pasu, m. large cattle; -pâta, m. long flight; a. flying far (arrow); -pâtaka, n. great crime or sin (of which there are five: killing a Brâhman, drinking spirituous liquor, theft, adultery with a teacher's wife, and asso ciation with persons guilty of those four crimes); -pâtakin, a. guilty of a capital sin; -pâtra, n. prime minister; -pâda, a. large footed; -pâpa, n.great crime; -pâpman, a. very harmful; -pâra, 1. m. a certain per sonification; 2. a. having distant banks, wide (sea); -pârsva, a. having broad sides (leech); N.; -pâsupata, a. with vrata, n. the great vow of a worshipper of Siva Pasupati; m. zealous worshipper of Siva Pasupati; -pîtha, n. high seat; -pumsa, m. great man; -punya, a. very auspicious (day); very good or beau tiful; very holy; -purá, n. great fortress: î, f. great citadel; -purusha, m. great or eminent man; supreme spirit; -pûta, pp. extremely pure; -prishtha, a. broad-backed; -pai&ndot;gya, n. T. of a Vedic text; -prakarana, n. main treatment of a subject; -pragâpati, m. great lord of creatures, ep. of Vishnu; -pratâpa, m. of great dignity, majestic; -pratîhâra, m. head janitor; -pradâna, n. great gift; -prapañka, m. the great world; -prabha, a. of great lustre, very splendid; -prabhâ, f. great brightness;-prabhâva, a. very mighty; -prabhu, m. great lord, sovereign; chief; ep. of Vishnu; -pramâna, a. very exten sive; -pralaya, m. great dissolution of the universe at the end of a cosmic age: -kâla, m. time of the --; -prasna,m. great or im portant question; -prasâda, m. great pre sent; a. very gracious; -prasthâna, n. great departure, decease; -prâgña, a. very wise or prudent (person); -prâna, m. hard breath ing, aspirate sound; great strength; a. pro nounced with a hard breathing, aspirated; of great endurance or physical strength; -plava, m. great flood, deluge; -phala, n. large fruit; great reward; a. producing a great reward; -bala, a. very strong, power ful, or effective; m. N.; -bâdha, a. very in jurious; -bâhu, a. long-armed, strong-armed; m. ep. of Vishnu; N.; -bila, n. deep hole; -buddhi, a. of great intellect, extremely clever; m. N. of an Asura; N.; -brihatî, f. a metre (8+8+8+8+12 syllables); -brah ma: -n, m. the great Brahman (the god); -brâhmaná, m. great Brâhman (also used sarcastically); n. Great (=Tândya) Brâh mana; -bhata, m. great warrior; N.; -bha ya, n. great danger or straits; -bhâga, a. having great good fortune, very lucky, greatly blessed; greatly distinguished, very illus trious (frequently used as a term of address); -bhâgin, a. very fortunate, greatly blessed; -bhâgya, n.high position, great importance or power; a. extremely fortunate: -tâ, f. great good fortune; -bhânda½agâra, n. chief treasury; -bhârata, a. (± a word meaning &open;battle&close;), the Great Battle of the Bharatas; n.(± âkhyâna), the Great Story of the Bharatas, T. of the well-known great Epic (which contains about 100,000 slokas); -bhâshya, n. the Great Commentary of Patañgali on the Sûtras of Pânini and the Vârttikas of Kâtyâyana (probably composed in the second century b. c.); -bhikshu, m. the great mendicant, ep. of Sâkyamuni; -½abhi- gana, m. high descent, noble birth; -½abhi yoga, m. great plaint or charge; -½abhishava, m. N. of a prince; -½abhisheka, m. great inauguration; T. of the fourteenth Lambaka of the Kathâsaritsâgara; -bhîta, pp. greatly terrified; -½abhîsu, a. brilliant, lustrous; -bhuga, a. long-armed; -bhûta, pp. being great, large (E.); m. great creature; n. gross element (ether, air, fire, water, earth); -bhû mi, f. great realm; whole territory (of a king); -½âbhoga, a. of great extent, wide spreading; -bhoga, 1. a. having great coils (serpent); m. serpent; -bhoga, 2. m. great enjoyment; -bhoga, m. great prince; -½abhra, n. great or thick cloud; -makha, m. great sacrifice (=-yagña); -mani, m. costly jewel; -mati, a. of great wit, clever; m. N.; (&asharp;) manas, a. lofty-minded, proud, haughty; high-minded, magnanimous; -manushya, m. great man, man of rank; -mantra, m. very efficacious spell (esp. against snake-poison); -mantrin, m. chief counsellor, prime minister; -mahá, a. high and mighty (RV.); -mah as, n. great luminary; -mahiman, m. true greatness; a. truly great; -mahima-sâlin, a. possessed of true greatness; -mahâ½upâ dhyâya, m. very great preceptor (a desig nation applied to great scholars, e.g. Malli nâtha); -mâmsa, n. delicious flesh (esp. human flesh); -½amâtya, m. prime minister; -mâtra, a. of great measure, great; greatest, best (of, --°ree;); m. man of high rank, high state official, king's minister; elephant-driver; -mânin, a. extremely proud; -mâya, a. at tended with great deception; practising great deception; m. N.; -mâyâ, f. the great illu sion (which makes the world appear really existent and thus in a sense creates it); -mây ûra, n. a kind of medicine; kind of prayer (--°ree;); -mârga, m. main road: -pati, m. chief inspector of roads; -mâhesvara, m. great worshipper of Mahesvara or Siva; -mukha,n. large mouth (also of rivers); a. (î) large mouthed; -muni, m. great sage; -mûdha, a. very stupid; m. great simpleton; -mûrkha, m. great fool; -mûrdhan, a. large-headed (Siva); -mriga, m. large wild animal; ele phant;-mridha, n. great battle; -megha, m. great or dense cloud; -medha, m. great sacrifice; (&asharp;)-meru, m. the great Mount Meru; -moha, m. great mental confusion or infatuation; -mohana, a. causing great men tal confusion; -moha-mantra, m. very effi cacious spell: -tva, n. abst. n.; -yaksha, m. great Yaksha, prince of the Yakshas; -yag- ñá, m. great or chief sacrifice (one of the five daily sacrifices of the householder, called bhûta-, manushya-, pitri-, deva-, and brah ma-yagña); -yantra, n. great mechanical work: -pravartana, n. execution of great mechanical works; -yama-ka, n. a great Yamaka (a stanza, all the four lines of which contain identically the same words but differ in meaning, e.g. Kirâtârgunîya XV, 52); -yasas, a. very famous, illustrious (person); -yâna, n. the Great Vehicle (a later form of Buddhistic doctrine originated by Nâgâr guna: opp.hîna-yâna); N. of a prince of the fairies (having a great car); -yuga, n. a great Yuga (equal to four ordinary Yugas or 4,320,000 years); -yuddha, n. great battle; -½âyudha, a. bearing great weapons (Siva); -ragana, n.saffron; a. coloured with saffron; -rana, m. great battle; -½aranya, n. great forest; -ratna, n. precious jewel: -maya, a. consisting of costly jewels, -vat, a. adorned with costly jewels; -rathá, m. great chariot; great warrior; N.; -rathyâ, f. main road; -½ârambha, m. great under taking; a. enterprising, active; -rava, m. great roar or yell; a. making a loud noise, shouting loud; m. N.; -rasa, a. extremely savoury; -râgá, m. great king, reigning prince, sovereign: -½adhirâga, m. lord of great kings, emperor; -râgñî, f. reigning princess, queen; ep. of Durgâ; -râgya, n. sovereign rule; -râtra, n. advanced time of night, end of the night; -râtri, f. id.; great night follow ing the dissolution of the world; -râva, m. loud yell; -râshtra, m. pl. the Mahrattas: î, f. Mahratta language, Mahrattî: a-ka, a. (ikâ) belonging to the Mahrattas; m. pl. the Mahrattas; -rug, -ruga, a. very painful; -roga, m. dangerous disease; -roman, a. very hairy (Siva); -raudra, a. extremely terrible; -½argha, a. of great price, precious, valuable; expensive: -tâ, f. preciousness, great value, -rûpa, a. having a splendid form; -½arghya, a. precious, valuable: -tâ, f. preciousness; -½arnava, m. great sea, ocean; -½artha, m. great matter; a. having great wealth, rich; of great significance, important; m. N. of a Dânava; -½arha, a.valuable, costly, splen did; -lakshmî, f. the Great Lakshmî, Nârâ yana's Sakti; also=Durgâ or Sarasvatî; -li&ndot;ga, n. a great Li&ndot;ga; -vamsya, a. of high lineage; -vanig, m. great merchant; -vada, m. great teacher (i.e. of the most essential Vedic knowledge); (&asharp;)-vadha, a. having a mighty weapon (RV.); -vana, n. great forest; -varâha, m. great boar (i.e. Vishnu's incarnation as a boar); N. of a prince; -vallî, f. great creeper; -vâkya, n. long composition, literary work; great pro position; -vâta, m. violent wind, gale; -vâyu, m. id.; -vârttika, n. the Great Vârttika, N. of Kâtyâyana's Vârttikas to the Sûtras of Pânini; -vâstu, n. great space; a. occupy ing a great space; -vikrama, a. of great courage, very valiant; m. N. of a lion; -vighna, m. n. great obstacle; -vigña, a. very sensible; -vidagdha, pp. very clever; -viraha, m. grievous separation; -visha,a. very poisonous; -vistara, a. very prolix (book); -vîki, m. (having great waves), a certain hell; -vîrá, m. great hero; large earthenware fire-pot (mostly used at the Pravargya cere mony); N. of various princes; N. of an Arhat, founder of the Jain sect: -karita, n. life of the great hero (Râma), T. of a play by Bhavabhûti, -karitra, n. life of Mahâ vîra (the Arhat), T. of a work; (&asharp;)-vîrya, a. mighty, very potent; -vrikshá, m. great tree; -vriddha, pp. very aged; -vrishá, m. great bull: pl. N. of a people in the western Himâlayas; -vega, a. greatly agitated (sea); very swift; -vaipulya, n. great extent; -vaira, n. great enmity; -vairâga, n. N. of a Saman;-vyâdhi, m. serious disease; -vyâhriti, f. the great exclamation (i.e. bh&usharp;r bhúvah svãh); -vratá, n. great or fundamental duty; great vow; great religious observance; N. of a Sâ man or Stotra to be chanted on the last day but one of the Gavâmayana (also applied to the day and the ceremony); rules of the worshippers of Siva Pasupati; a. having undertaken great duties or a great vow, practising great aus terity, very devotional; following the rules of the Pâsupatas; m. a Pâsupata; -vratika, a. following the rules of the Pâsupatas; m. a Pâsupata; -vratin, a., m., id.; a. practis ing the five fundamental duties of the Jains; -vratîya, a. relating to the Mahâvrata cere mony (day); -vrîhi, m. large rice; -sakti, a. very mighty (Siva); -sa&ndot;kha, m. great conch; -½asana, a. eating much, voracious (leech); m. great eater, glutton; -½asani dhvaga, m. flag with a great thunderbolt; -sabda, m. loud sound; title beginning with &open;mahâ&close; or the corresponding office; -½âsaya, 1. m. ocean; 2. a. high-minded, noble; -sayyâ, f. splendid couch; -sarîra, a. having a large body; -salka,m. kind of sea-crab; -salkalin, a. having large scales (fish); -sastra, n. mighty weapon; -sâka, n. kind of vegetable; -sâkya, m. great or distinguished Sâkya; -sânti, f. great appeasement (a kind of rite to avert evil);(&asharp;)-sâla, possessor of a great house, great householder; -sâlîna, a. very modest; -sâsana, n. great sway; a. exer cising great sway; -siras, a. large-headed; m. kind of serpent; -sûdra, m. Sûdra in a high position, upper servant; -saila, m. great rock or mountain; -½asman, m. precious stone; -smâsâna, n. large cemetery; ep. of Benares; -srotriya, m. great theologian or spiritual teacher; -½asva, m. N.: -sâlâ, f. great stable; office of head groom; -svetâ, f. N. of a god dess; N.; -samkata, n. great danger or straits; -satî, f. extremely faithful wife, pattern of wifely fidelity; -sattrá, n. great Soma sacrifice; -sattva, m. great creature; a. strong-minded; high-minded, noble; very courageous; containing large animals: -tâ, f. strength of character and containing large animals; -½âsana, n. splendid seat; -samdhi- -vigraha, m. office of chief minister of peace and war; -sabhâ, f. great dining hall; -samudra, m. ocean; -sarga, m. great crea tion (after a great dissolution); -sâdhana bhâga, m. head of the executive; -sâdhu, a. extremely good: v-î, f. pattern of wifely fidelity; -sâmtâpana,m. kind of penance; -sâmdhi-vigrah-ika, m. chief minister of peace and war; -sâmânya, n. generality in the widest sense; -sâra, a. strong; valuable, costly; -sârtha, m. great caravan; -sâhas ika, a. very daring, excessively rash; m. highwayman, robber: -tâ, f. great energy: in. with the utmost decision; -simha, m. great lion; N.; -siddha, (pp.) m. great saint; -siddhânta, m. great manual of as tronomy, T. of a work by Âryabhata the younger; -siddhi, f. great magical power; -subhiksha, n. great abundance of provisions, very good times (pl.); -sûkta, n. great hymn: pl. the great hymns of the tenth book of the Rig-veda (1 to 128); m. composer of the great hymns of RV. X; -sûkshma, a. extremely minute; -sûki, a. w. vyûha, m. kind of array of troops in battle; (&asharp;)-sena, a. having a large army; m. ep. of Skanda; N. of various princes; -senâ, f. great army; -stoma, a. having a great Stoma (day); -½astra, n. great or mighty missile; -sthâna, n. high place or position; -sthûla, a. very gross; -snâna, n. great ablution; -½âspada, a. mighty; -sva na, m. loud sound; a. loud-sounding, shout ing loud; loud (noise); -½âsvâda, a. very savoury; -hanu, a. having great jaws; -harm ya, n. great palace; -½âhava, m. great battle; -hava, m. great sacrifice; -hasta, a. large handed (Siva); -hâsa, m.loud laughter; a. laughing loud; -½ahí, m. great serpent: -sayana, n. sleep (of Vishnu) on the great serpent (Sesha); -½ahna, m. advanced day time, afternoon; -hrada, m. great pond.
mahātattva n. the great princi ple, intellect; -tapas, a. greatly distressed; practising great austerities; m. N. of a her mit; -tapasvin, a. greatly afflicted; -tamas, n. great darkness (one of the five stages of Avidyâ); -tala, n. (great-bottom), a cer tain hell; -tikta, a. very bitter; -tithi, f. (the great=) sixth lunar day; -tegas, a. hav ing great lustre, very glorious (of gods and men); m. ep. of Skanda; N.; -taila, n. pre cious oil or N. of a kind of oil; -½âtodya, n. great drum; -½âtman, 1. m. great spirit, uni versal soul; intellect; 2. a. great-souled, high-minded, noble; of great intellect, highly gifted, very wise; exalted, eminent, illus trious (family), mighty; -½âtma-vat, a. highly gifted, very clever; -½atyaya, m. great calamity; -tyâga, m. great liberal ity; a. very liberal: -maya, a. consist ing in great liberality; -tyâgin, a. very liberal (Siva); -damshtra,a. having great tusks; m. N.; -danda, m. great staff or long arm; severe punishment; -daridra, a. extremely poor; -dâna, n. valuable gift; a. attended with great gifts (sacrifice); -dâ ru, n. the Devadâru tree (Pinus Deodora); -dis, f. chief cardinal point (N., S., E., W.); -duhkha, n. great sorrow; -durga, n. great danger; place very difficult of access; -driti, m. great bag; -devá, m. the great god, a term sp. applied to Rudra or to one of the gods connected with him (V.); in C.=Siva; N.: -giri, m. N. of a mountain; -devî, f. the great goddess=Pârvatî; first wife of a king; N.; -½adbhuta, a. very wonderful; n. great marvel; -dyuti, a. of great lustre, brilliant, glorious; -druma, m. large tree; -dvâra, m. n. main gate; -dhana, a. costing much money, costly, expensive; having much money, wealthy; m. N. of a merchant; (á), n. great battle (RV.); great spoil (RV.1); great wealth (C.): -pati, m. (lord of great wealth), very rich man; -dhanur-dhara, -dhanushmat, m. great bowman; -dhanus, a. bearing a great bow (Siva); -dhî, a. of great understanding, very wise; -½ânaka, m. kind oflarge drum; -nakha, a. having great nails or claws; -nagná, m. (stark naked), paramour (V.): î, f. courtesan; -nada, m. great stream; -nadî, f. river; N. of various rivers; -½ânana, a. having a great mouth or face; -½ânanda, m. great joy or bliss; N.; -naraka, m. a certain hell; -narendra, m. great conjurer or magician; -½anasa, n. freight waggon; kitchen: î, f. cook, kitchen-maid; -½anasa½adhyaksha, m. superintendent of the kitchen; -nâgá, m. great serpent; great elephant; -nâtaka, n. great drama; a kind of play; -nâda, m. loud sound, shout, roar, etc.; a. making a loud noise, roaring etc.; m. ep. of Siva; -nâyaka, m. great leader or chief; large central gem in a pearl necklace; -nâsa, a. large-nosed (Siva); -nidra, a. sleep ing soundly or long; -niraya, m. kind of hell; -nis, f. dead of night, second and third watches of the night (9 p.m. to 3 a.m.); -nîla, a.dark blue or black; m. sapphire: -maya, a. consisting of sapphire; -½anubhâva, a. very powerful or glorious; magnanimous, high-minded, noble: -tâ, f., -tva, n. high-minded ness, nobility; -netra, a. large-eyed (Siva); -½andhakâra, m. dense darkness, complete obscuration of the intellect; -nyâya, m. main rule; -½anvaya, a. of high lineage.
mahākathā f. great tale; -karu- na, a. very compassionate; -karna, a. great eared (Siva); -karman, n. great work; a. doing great works (Siva); -kalâ, f. night of new moon; -kalpa, m. great cosmic period; -kavi, m. great or classical poet (such as Kâ lidâsa, Bhavabhûti, etc.); -kâya, a. having a great body, bulky, gigantic; huge (tree): -tva, n. large size; -½âkâra, a. large, great, extensive; -kâla, m. a form of Siva in his capacity of the great destroyer of the world; N. of a temple of Siva Mahâkâla at Uggay inî; n. N. of a famous Li&ndot;ga: -pura, m. city of Mahâkâla, Uggayinî; -kâlî, f. a form of Durgâ; -kâvya, n. great or classical poem (a term specifically applied to the six poems Raghuvamsa, Kumârasambhava, Meghadûta, Kirâtârgunîya, Sisupâlavadha, and Naishadha karita); -kula, n. illustrious or noble family; (á), a. of high lineage: -½utpanna, pp. born of a noble family; -kulîna, a. belonging to a noble family: -tâ, f. noble origin, high birth; -kûla, a. having high banks; -ketu, a. hav ing a great banner (Siva); -kesa, a. thick haired (Siva); -kosa, a.having large testi cles (Siva): î, f. N. of a river; -kaushîta ka, n. title of a Vedic text; -kratu, m. great sacrifice (such as the Râgasûya and the Asva medha); -krodha, a. very irascible; -ksha tra-pa, m. great Satrap; -½aksha-patalika, m. head-keeper of the archives; -khâta, n. deep ditch; -khyâta, pp. very famous; -gaga, m. great elephant; elephant supporting the earth (=diggaga); -ganá, m. great host, swarm, or body: -pati, m.great lord of hosts, Ganesa; -ganesa, m. id.; -gandha, a. strong scented, very fragrant; -gala, a. having a thick or long neck; -giri, m. great mountain; -guna, a. having great virtues, very merito rious; very efficacious; -guru, a. very rever end person; -griha, n. great house; -gaurî, f. one of the nine forms of Durgâ; -graha, m. ep. of Râhu; -grâmá, m. great host (RV.1); large village; -grîva, a. long-necked (Siva); -ghata, m. large jar; -ghora, a. very terri ble; -ghosha, a. making a loud noise, thun dering (clouds); -½a&ndot;ga, a. having a large body or large limbs (Siva).
māṃsa n. sg. & pl. flesh, meat (also of fish, crabs, and fruit); animal food; m. a mixed caste: (a)-tva, n. real meaning or de rivation of &open;flesh&close;; -pinda, m. n. lump of flesh; tumour; -pesî, f.piece of flesh; mus cle; -bhaksha, a. flesh-eating; -bhiksh&asharp;, f. begging for meat; -bhûta, pp. being flesh, forming a bait; combined with meat; -bhet tri, a. making a flesh-wound; -maya, a. (î) consisting of flesh; -yoni, m. creature of flesh and blood; -ruki, a. fond of animal food.
māghavana a. (î) belonging to Indra: w. kakubh, f. Indra's quarter, the east.
māghavata a. belonging to Indra: -kâpa, m. n. rainbow.
māgadha a. (î) relating to, derived from, produced or current in Magadha; m. prince of Magadha; mixed caste (offspring of a Vaisya and a Kshatriyâ), professional bard, panegyrist of a prince: pl.people of Magadha; a-ka, a. belonging to Magadha; -desîya, a. coming from the country of Ma gadha; -pura, n. N. of a town.
māṇḍapa a. belonging to a temple.
mātā f.=mâtri, °ree;-- in some cpds.: -duhitri, f. du. mother and daughter; -pitri, m. du. father and mother, parents; -putra, m. mother and son; -maha, m. maternal grandfather: du. maternal grandparents; pl. mother's father, grandfather, and ancestors; a. (î) relating or belonging to the maternal grandmother: î, f. maternal grandmother.
mātsya a. relating or belonging to, derived from fish.
mātṛtamā spv. f. most motherly (waters; V.); (ri)-tas, ad. with regard to or in right of the mother; -tâ, f. motherhood; -datta, m. N.: â, f. N.; -nandana, m. ep. of Skanda; -pâlita, m. N. of a Dânava; -pûgana, n., -pûgâ, f. worship of the divine mothers; -bandhú, m. maternal relative: û, f. mother in name only, unnatural mother: u, n. maternal relationship; -bândhava, m. maternal kinsman; -mandala, n.circle or group of the divine mothers: -vid, m. priest of the divine mothers; -yagña, -yâga, m. sacrifice to the mothers; -vamsa, m. family of the mother; -vamsya, a. belonging to the mother's family; -vat, ad. like or as a mother; as towards a mother; -vatsala, m. (tender towards his mother); ep. of Skanda; -vadha, m. matricide; -shvasri, f. mother's sister, maternal aunt; -shvaseya, m. mother's sister's son.
mādhavīya a. belonging, relat ing, or dedicated to or composed by Mâdhava or Mâdhavâkârya.
mādhava a. (î) belonging or relat ing to spring, vernal; belonging to the de scendants of Madhu or the Yâdavas; m. N. of the second spring month (more usually called Vaisâkha: April--May); spring; son or descendant of Madhu, man of Yadu's race, pat. of Krishna, Vishnu, and Parasurâma; N. of various men: î, f. earth; woman of Madhu's or Yadu's race; spring-creeper bearing fragrant white flowers (Gaertnera racemosa).
māthura a. (î) belonging to, com ing from, or born in Mathurâ; m. inhabitant of Mathurâ; N. of the proprietor of a gaming-house: -ka, m. inhabitant of Mathurâ; -des ya, a. coming from the region of Mathurâ.
mādhyānhika a. (î) belonging to noon.
mādhyama a. belonging to the middle, central, inhabiting the middle of the country; m. pl. composers of the middle of the Rig-veda (books II to VII): -ka, a. (i-kâ) relating or belonging to the middle region (the atmosphere); i-ka, a. id.; m. pl. N. of a people in Midland (Madhya-desa).
mādhyaṃdina a. (î) belonging to midday; m. pl. N. of a school, a branch of the White Yagur-veda: -sâkhâ, f. the school of the Mâdhyamdinas.
mānava a. (&isharp;) peculiar to man, human; relating or belonging to or descended from Manu; m. human being; man: pl. man kind; subjects; races of men (of which five or seven are referred to); N. of a school of the Black Yagur-veda; n. length of a man (as a measure); kind of penance; Manu's code.
mānasotka a. longing for lake Mânasa; -½okas, a. dwelling at lake Mânasa; m. swan.
mānasika a. mental; imaginary; m. ep. of Vishnu.
a. (î) relating to or pro duced from the mind, mental, spiritual; performed in thought (prayer etc.), conceived in the mind, conceivable; n. mental faculty, mind, heart; N. of a sacred lake and place of pilgrimage on mount Kailâsa, whither the wild swans repair in the breeding season at the beginning of the monsoons.
mānuṣaka a. human; -tâ, f. human condition: -m gam, become a man; -tva, n. id.; -daivika, a. relating to men and to gods; manhood; -râkshasa, m. human devil: î, f. she-devil in human form; -lauk ika, a. belonging to the world of men, human; -½âda, m. man-eater: -tva, n. cannibalism.
mānitā f. imaginary possession of (--°ree;): honouring (--°ree;); -tva, n. supposing oneself to have or be (--°ree;); pride; being held in honour.
māma m. [belonging to mine: mama], dear friend (only vc., the crane being thus ad dressed in the fable by crabs, tortoises, and fishes, and the ass by the jackal): -ká, a. (ikâ, î) belonging to me, mine, my; -k-îna, a. my, mine.
māyūra a. (î) belonging to or de rived from the peacock; made of peacocks' feathers; dear to peacocks; drawn by pea cocks (car): -ka, m. peacock-catcher.
mārga a. [fr. mriga] belonging to game or deer (flesh etc.); m. (track of wild animals), path, road, way, course (also fig. of the stars and the wind); way to (lc. or --°ree;), -through (--°ree;); right road; right way, pro per course; journey; passage or channel (in the body); way, expedient, means to (g. or --°ree;); way, manner, mode, method; correct usage, old custom; title (of law); way of writing, style, diction; refined (opp. vulgar) dance, pantomime; refined song; the month Mârgasîrsha (November--December); n. flesh of wild animals, game: mârgam dâ or yam, make way for (g.), allow to pass; in. mârg ena, by way of (e.g. the door)=through, across, or along (--°ree;); by means of (--°ree;):--yâ, go the way of=suffer the same fate as (--°ree;); mârgaih, through (--°ree;); d. mârgâya, to make way for any one (g.); lc. mârge, on the way: -pra-kal,start on one's way; niga-mârge gam, go on one's way.
mārkaṭa a. (î) belonging to the monkey, ape-like.
mānmatha a. (î) relating to, pro duced by, or filled with love; belonging to the god of love.
mārjāra m. [animal that wipes or cleanses itself: √ mrig], cat (also î, f.); pole-cat: -ka, m. cat; -li&ndot;gin, a. having the characteristics of cats.
mālava m. N. of a country in central India, now Mâlva: pl. N. of a people; a. belonging or relating to the people of Mâlva; m. prince of Mâlva; N.: -vishaya, m. country of Mâlava.
māli a. --°ree;=mâlin; -ika, m. gar land-maker, florist, gardener; -ikâ, f. gar land; necklace; row, series; -ita, den. pp. wreathed or surrounded with (--°ree;); -in, a. wreathed, with (in.); gnly.--°ree;, having a gar land of, wearing a necklace of, encircled by; m. garland-maker, florist, gardener: -î, f. wife of a florist or gardener; N. of a celestial virgin; N.; N. of a town and of various rivers.
māhārājya n. sovereignty; -râshtra, a. (î) belonging to Mahârâshtra or the Mahratta country: î, f. the Mahratta language, Mahrattî; -vratî, f. the doctrine of the Pâsupatas.
māhānāmana a. belonging to the Mahânâmnî verses.
māhātmika a. belonging to an exalted person, majestic, glorious; -ya, n. magnanimity, noble-mindedness; exalted position, majesty, dignity.
māheśvara a. (î) belonging or re lating to the great lord (Siva); worshipping Siva; m. worshipper of Siva: -tâ, f. worship of Siva.
māhiṣa a. (î) belonging to or de rived from the buffalo: i-ka, m. keeper of buffaloes; paramour of an unchaste woman.
māhitra n. designation of RV. X, 185 (so called because it begins with the words &open;mahi trînâm&close;).
miladvyādha a. (having hunters thronging around=) surrounded by hunters.
mithyākopa m. feigned anger; -kraya, m. false price; -graha, m. fruitless obstinacy; -½âkâra, m. wrong or improper conduct; a. acting hypocritically; -galpita, (pp.) n. wrong or false talk;-gñâna, n. mis apprehension, error; -tva, n. falseness, un reality; -darsana, n. false appearance; -drish- ti, f. heresy; -½adhîta, n. wrong course of study; -½adhyavasiti, f. false supposition (a figure of speech in which the impossibility of a thing is expressed by making it depend on an impossible contingency: e. g. only one who wears a garland of air will secure the affec tions of a courtesan); -pandita, a. learned or clever only in appearance; -purusha, m. man only in appearance; -pratigña, a. false to one's promise, faithless; -pravâdin, a. speaking falsely, lying; -phala, n. imaginary advantage or reward; -buddhi, f. misappre hension; -½abhidhâ, f. false name; -½abhi dhâna, n. false statement; -½abhiyogin, a. making a false charge; -½abhisamsana, n. false accusation; -½abhisamsin, a. accusing falsely; -½abhisasta, pp. falsely accused; -½abhisasti, f. false charge; -½abhisâpa, m. id.; false prediction; -yoga, m. false em ployment; -½ârambha, m. wrong treatment; -vakana, n. telling an untruth; -vâkya, n. false statement, lie; -vâk, a. speaking falsely, lying; -vâda, m. false statement, lie; a. tell ing an untruth, lying; -vâdin, a. id.; -vyâ pâra, m. wrong occupation, meddling with what is not one's concern; -sâkshin, m. false witness; -stava, m. unfounded praise (pl.); -stotra, n. id. (pl.); -½âhâra, m. wrong diet; -½upakâra, m. pretended service or kind ness; wrong (medical) treatment.
muktaka a. detached, independent; n. independent sloka (the meaning of which is complete in itself); simple prose (without compound words); -kantha, a. or -m, ad. with krand or rud, shout or cry (with relaxed throat=) at the top of one's voice; -kara, a. open-handed, liberal; -kesa, a. (â, î) having loose or dishevelled hair; -tâ, f., -tva, n. deliverance from the bonds of existence, final emancipation; -nidra, a.awakened; -bandh ana, a. released from bonds; -buddhi, a. having one's soul emancipated; -vasana, m. (having cast aside raiment), Jain monk (=dig-ambara); -sâpa, a. having a curse laid aside, released from a curse;-sikha, a. having the top-knot loosened, having the hair hanging down; -saisava, a. (having left childhood behind), grown up; -samsaya, a. free from doubt, undoubted; -sûryâ, a. f. with dis, quarter just quitted by the sun; -svâmin, m. N. of a temple; -hasta, a. open handed, bountiful, liberal.
mukha n. (--°ree; a. â, î) mouth; jaws; face; snout, muzzle (of an animal), beak (of a bird); direction, quarter; spout (of a vessel: rare); mouth, opening, entrance, into (g. or --°ree;); forepart, tip, point, head (of an arrow); edge (of a sharp instrument); surface, top, upper side; head, chief; beginning; original cause of the action of a drama; source, occa sion, of (g., --°ree;); means; --°ree; a. having in the or as a mouth; having a (pale, etc., attribu tive a.) face; having a face like (e. g. goat faced); having a face covered with or show ing (e.g. tears, frowns, anger); facing or looking towards (-m, ad.); having as a be ginning, beginning with.
mukti f. release, deliverance, from (--°ree;); emancipation from the bonds of exist ence, final beatitude; abandonment of (--°ree;); throwing, hurling, discharging: -kalasa, m. N. of an ancestor of Bilhana; -kshetra, n. place of salvation, Benares; -tâ, f. state of re lease; -pati, m. lord of salvation; -pura, n. N. of a Dvîpa; -pûr-dasyu, m. robber of the cita del of salvation; -vat, a. delivered from (ab.).
mukhya a. being in or on the mouth or face, coming from the mouth; being at the head, chief, principal, foremost, first, best (of, --°ree;), pre-eminent; m. leader: -tas, ad. chiefly; -tâ, f. pre-eminence, among (g. or --°ree;); -tva, n. id.; -mantr-in, m. prime minister: (-i)-tva, n. premiership; -sas, ad. first of all; -½artha, m. principal or original meaning (of a word); a. having or employed in the original meaning.
mudraya den. P. stamp; seal; print: pp. ita, sealed, stamped; bearing the impress or marks of (--°ree;); sealed with (sleep, --°ree;); printed; closed (eye, hand, flower); avoided. ud, unseal, break open(letter): pp. unmud- rita, released, liberated. vi, close or cork up; open, begin.
mūrchana a. stupefying; strength ening, increasing (--°ree;); n. swooning; raging (of diseases, fire); n., â, f. regular rise and fall of tone, modulation, melody.
mūloccheda m. eradication, ex termination; -½utkhâta, pp. dug out by the roots, utterly destroyed; n. digging up of roots; -½uddharana, n. means of eradicating anything (g.).
mūlika a. original; -ikâ, f. magical root; -ín, a. having a root.
mūlaka a. (ikâ) having its root in, produced or derived from; n. radish; root; -karman, n. magic rites with roots; -kâr ana, n. original or prime cause; -krikkhra, m. n. penance consisting in eating onlyroots; -khânaka, m. digger of roots; -grantha, m. original text; -kkhinna, pp. cut off with the root, dissipated (hope); -kkheda, m. cutting down (a tree) by the root; -kkhedin, a. de stroying the text (super-cleverness);-ga, a. growing from the root (plant); formed on roots of trees (ant-hill); -tás, ad. below: w. â, from the root onwards; from the begin ning (relate); -tâ, f. being the root or source of (--°ree;); -tva, n. id.; -deva, m. N.; -dvâra, n. main door; -nikrintana, a. (î) cutting off by the root, destroying root and branch (--°ree;); -purusha, m. (root-man), male repre sentative of a family; -prakriti, f. primeval or unevolved matter (in the Sâ&ndot;khya phil.; also called pradhâna): pl. principal sovereigns to be considered in time of war; -pranihita, pp. known through spies from the beginning (thieves); -phala, n. roots and fruits; interest of capital; -bhava, a. growing from roots; -bhâga, m. lower part; -bhritya, m. heredi tary servant; -mantra, m. main or heading text; spell; -mantra-maya, a. formed of spells, taking effect like a spell; -râmâyana, n. original (i. e. Vâlmîki's) Râmâyana; -vakana, n. original words or text; -vat, a. supplied with (esculent) roots (place); stand ing upright; -vâpa, m. planter of (esculent) roots; -vinâsana, n. radical destruction; -vyasana-vritti-mat, a.following a calling which is a hereditarily vile occupation; -vyâdhi, m. main disease; -vratin, a. sub sisting exclusively on roots; -sâdhana, n. main instrument; -sthâna, n. base, founda tion; chief place; Multan; -sthâyin,a. ex isting from the beginning (Siva); -srotas, n. main stream of a river; -hara, a. taking away the roots, completely destroying (g.): -tva, n. complete ruin; -½âyatana, n. original abode or seat; -½âsin, a. subsisting on roots.
mṛtirekhā f. line of death (on the hand); -sâdhana, a. bringing about death.
mṛta pp. √ 1. mri; m. dead man, corpse (also of animals); n. death; begging, begged food: -ka, m. n. dead man, corpse; n. a death; -kambala, m. winding-sheet; -kalpa, a. almost dead, insensible, in a trance; -kela, n. garment of the dead; -gâta, pp. born dead; -gîvana, a. (î) reviving the dead; -deha, m. dead body, corpse; -dhâra, a. bear ing a corpse; -niryâtaka, m. corpse-bearer; -pa, m. watcher of the dead; -purusha-sa rîra, n. human corpse; -pûrusha-deha, m. id.; -praga, a. whose children have died; -bhartrikâ, a. f. whose husband is dead; -mâ trika, a. whose mother is dead; -vat, ad. as if dead: âtmânam mritavat samdarsya, pretending to be dead, feigning death; -vas tra-bhrit, a. wearing the clothes of the dead; -sabda, m. report of any one's death; -sam- gîvana, a. bringing the dead to life; n., î, f. revival of a dead person; -samgîvin, a. re viving the dead, life-restoring; -strî, a. whose wife is dead; -hâra, -hârin, m. corpse-bearer.
melāpaka m. [fr. cs. √ mil] bringing together, junction; conjunction of planets.
maitrāvaruṇa a. (î) relating or belonging to or derived from Mitra and Va runa; relating to the Maitrâvaruna priest; m. pat. son of Mitra and Varuna; a kind of priest who is the chief assistant of the Hotri: -pâtra, n. dish meant for Mitra and Varuna.
maitra a. (&isharp;) belonging to or given by a friend; friendly, well-disposed, kind; be longing or relating to Mitra; m. a mixed caste; kind of alliance based on friendship; anus (comm.); n. friendship;lunar mansion Anurâdhâ (presided over by Mitra); evacua tion of excrement (presided over by Mitra): -m kri, void excrement: -ka, n. friendship; -tâ, f. goodwill.
mokṣa m. release, liberation, escape, from (ab., rarely g. or --°ree;); deliverance from further transmigration, final emancipation; kind of chant conducive to deliverance; re lease of a heavenly body swallowed by Râhu, end of an eclipse; falling or dropping off or down (of leaves etc.); effusion; setting free (a prisoner); causing to flow, shedding (of tears etc.); loosening, untying (hair); solution (of a question); casting, shooting, discharging (arrows etc.); scattering (of grains); utter ance (of a curse); abandonment, relinquish ment: -ka, a. loosening, untying, setting free; --°ree; a.=moksha, final emancipation.
moca n. banana (fruit); -aka, a. de livering from (--°ree;); -ana, a. (î), delivering from (--°ree;); casting, discharging (--°ree;); setting free, letting go out of (ab.), freeing from (debt, --°ree;); unyoking (a car); emitting, discharg ing (semen); -an-ikâ, f. N.; -anîya, fp. to be set free; -ay-itavya, cs. fp. id.; -ayitri, m. releaser; â, f. banana tree (Musa sapien tum); -i-tavya, fp. to be set free; -in, a. delivering from (--°ree;); -ya,fp. to be released; -restored (pledge); -deprived of (a limb; ac.).
mauca n. [belonging to the mokâ tree], banana (fruit).
mohopamā f. confusion-simile (a rhet. figure which represents an object and that with which it is compared as being con fused: e. g. &open;taking thy face for the moon, I follow the moon itself through longing for thy face&close;).
maula a. [from mûla] derived from roots (poison); ancient, of long standing (custom); aboriginal, indigenous (inhabitants); holding office from previous generations, hereditary (minister): (withpârthivâh, m. pl.= mûla-prakritayah); m. hereditary minister.
maurva a. (î) 1. made of, belonging to, or derived from Mûrvâ; 2. made of the iron called Muru: î, f. girdle made of Mûrvâ; bowstring: -ka, --°ree; a. bowstring.
maulika a. [fr. mûla] derived from the root, original; inferior, of low origin; m. digger or vendor of roots: pl. N. of a people; -in, a. [fr. mauli] being at the head, chief; transcendant; wearing a diadem.
yajñiya a. worthy of worship or sacrifice, sharing in the sacrifice, holy, divine (said of the gods and what is connected with them); engaged in or fit for sacrifice; devout, pious; sacrificial, sacred: w.bhâga, m. share in the sacrifice; -îya, a. belonging to or suitable for sacrifice.
yathāyatham ad. fitly, properly, in due order; one after the other, gradually; -yukta, pp. regarding (lc.): -m, ad. accord ing to circumstances, suitably; -yukti, ad. id.: -tas, ad. id.; -yogam, ad. id.; according to usage; -yogena, in. ad. according to cir cumstances, suitably; -yogyam, ad. as is fit, properly, suitably; -½ârabdha, pp. previously begun; -½ârambham, ad. according to the beginning, in the same order; -rukam, -ruk i, ad. according to taste; -rûpa, a. of what kind; having a suitable appearance, extremely beautiful; very great: (á)-m, ad. suitably; rightly, truly; according to appearance.
mārīya a. belonging to the god of love.
yadgotra a. belonging to which family; -devata, a. having which deity; -dhetos, ab. (=hetos) ad. on which account, wherefore; -bhavishya, a. saying &open;what will be, will be&close;; m. fatalist;N. of a fish.
yadṛcchā f. chance: °ree;--, -tas, or in. a-yâ, by chance, accidentally; spontane ously; unexpectedly; -mâtratah, only quite by accident; -lâbha-samtushta, pp. satisfied with earnings obtainedspontaneously; -sab da, m. word of accidental origin, unmeaning word.
yantraṇa n. bandaging; restric tion, restraint, constraint (caused by, --°ree;).
yantra n. means of holding, support, barrier (V.); leather-thong, traces (of a car riage); (blunt surgical) instrument (opp. knives); apparatus, appliance, mechanical contrivance, engine, machine; bolt, lock (on a door); means of propulsion (in a boat, =oars, sails, etc.); °ree;--or--°ree;, mechanical (ele phant, etc.); magical (car); amulet, mystical diagram used as an amulet.
maurya m. pl. N. of a dynasty begin- ning with Kandra-gupta: -datta, m. N.
yācya fp. to be requested, -asked for alms; -demanded; asked for; to be wooed (women); n. begging, mendicancy.
yācñā f. soliciting, asking, for (--°ree;); begging, mendicity; request, entreaty, peti tion; asking for (a girl) in marriage: -m kri, fulfil a request; -gîvana, n. subsist ence by begging; -bha&ndot;ga, m. vain request; -vakas, n. pl. words of solicitation.
yācaka m. petitioner, beggar: î, f. female beggar; -ana, n. begging, soliciting, asking for (--°ree;); asking in marriage (--°ree;): -ka, m. beggar; -anâ, f. asking, soliciting; request, petition, entreaty for (--°ree;); solicita tion of any one (--°ree;): -m kri, fulfil a request; -anîya, fp. to be requested; -ita, pp. asked, etc.: -ka, a. borrowed; n. borrowed sum or object; -i-tavya, fp. to be asked; to be asked for a girl (ac.) in marriage by (in.); -in, a. begging for (--°ree;); -ishnu, a. asking, soliciting; m. petitioner: -tâ, f. solicitation of favours.
yākṣa a. belonging to the Yakshas.
yājñika a. (î) belonging or re lating to sacrifice; m. one versed in sacrifice, ritualist; -ik-ya, n. rules of the ritualists; -iya, a. belonging to or suitable for sacrifice; m. one conversant with sacrifice, ritualist.
yādva pat. a. belonging to (the race of) Yadu (RV.).
yānaka n. vehicle; -kara, m. wheel wright; -pâtra, n. vessel for voyaging, boat, ship: i-kâ, f. small ship, boat; -bha&ndot;ga, m. shipwreck; -yugya, n. chariot and horses; -vat, a. having or driving in a carriage; -sâlâ, f. carriage-shed.
yāyāta a. belonging or relating to Yayâti; n. history of Yayâti.
yāmya a. belonging or relating to Yama; southern: in. or lc. in the south; southwards; m. right hand; servant of Yama; ep. of Siva and of Vishnu: â, f. south: -½ayana, n. southerly course of the sun; a½uttara, a. southern and northern; going from south to north.
mauṣika a. relating or belonging to a mouse (mûshikâ).
yugādi m. beginning of (an age=) the world; -½adhyaksha, m. surveyor of a cosmic age, ep. of Pragâpati; -½anta, m. end of the yoke; end of a generation; end of an age or of the world; meridian: -m adhirû- dhah savitâ, the sun has reached the meri dian, it is noon; -½antara, n. another or later generation; second half of the sun's arc divided by the meridian: -m ârûdhah savitâ, the sun has entered the second part of his course, it is past midday.
yāmuna a. belonging to, coming from, or growing in the Yamunâ; n. kind of collyrium.
yuddha pp. (√ yudh) combatted; n. fight, battle, combat; conflict or opposition (of planets): -ka, n. contest, battle; -kânda, n. Book of the Battle, T. of the sixth book of the Râmâyana; -kâr-in, a.making war, fighting: (i)-tva, n. conflict; -gândharva, n. battle-music; -tantra, n. military science; -dyûta, n. game of war; -dharma, m. laws of war; -pravîna, a. skilled in war; -bhû, -bhûmi, f. battle-field; -maya, a.derived from war; -mârga, m. sg. pl. methods of war, military tactics; -medinî, f. battle field; -ra&ndot;ga, m. arena of battle, battle field; -varna, m. sort of battle; -vastu, n. implements of war; -vîra, m. hero in war, champion; heroism (as a sentiment: rh.); -sâlin, a. brave; -½âkârya, m. military pre ceptor; -½adhvan, a. going to war, engaging in battle; -½arthin, a. eager for war; -½ud yoga, m. vigorous preparation for war; un matta, pp. frenzied in fight; -½upakarana, n. implements of war.
yūthya a. belonging to the herd (RV.); belonging to the host of (--°ree;): a, f. herd, pack.
yuṣmadīya a. belonging to you, your; m. countryman of yours; -vidha, a. one like you.
yuvāku a. (RV.) belonging to you two (sts. uninflected with a g. or d.).
yogakaraṇḍaka m. N.; ikâ, f. N. of a mendicant nun; -kshemá, m. sg. & pl. (C. also m. du. & sg. n.) possession or security of property; property; prosperity (ordinarily explained as meaningacquisi tion and preservation of property); property meant for pious uses; -kûrna, n. magic pow der; -ga, a. produced by meditation or Yoga; -tantra, n. Yoga doctrine, treatise on Yoga; -dharmin, a. practising Yoga; -nanda, m. the pseudo-Nanda; -nidrâ, f. sleep induced by the practice of Yoga, somnolent condi tion, dozing; Vishnu's sleep at the end of an age; -m-dhara, m. N.; -pati, m. lord of Yoga (Vishnu); -patha, m. path to Yoga;-bhâraka, m. shoulderyoke for the carrying of burdens; -bhrashta, pp. lapsed from devotion or contemplation; -maya, a. (î) produced from contemplation or Yoga; -mâyâ, f. magic; illusion produced by abstract meditation; -mârga, m. road to Yoga; -yâtrâ, f. recourse to mental ab sorption or Yoga; -yukta, pp. absorbed in meditation, practising Yoga; -ratna, n. magic jewel; -rûdha, pp. having an etymo logical and aconventional meaning (e. g. pa&ndot;ka-ga, growing in the mud and lotus); -rokanâ, f. kind of magical ointment (ren dering invisible or invulnerable); -vat, a. joined, united; practising Yoga; -vartikâ, f. magic wick; -vaha, a. bringing about, furthering (--°ree;); -vâh-in, a. intriguing: (-i) tva, n. intrigue; -vid, a. knowing the right means or method; knowing what is fitting or suitable; versed in Yoga; -vidyâ, f. knowledge of Yoga; -vibhâga, m. splitting of a grammatical rule into two; -sabda, m. the word yoga; etymological word (the mean ing of which results from the derivation); -sâyin, a. somnolent in consequence of medi tation; -sâstra, n.Yoga doctrine (esp. of Patañgali); -samâdhi, m. mental absorp tion resulting from Yoga; -sâra, m. univer sal remedy; -siddha, pp. perfected by Yoga; -siddhi, f. simultaneous accomplishment: -mat, a. versed in magic; -sûtra, n. the Sû tras on the Yoga (attributed to Patañgali).
yūpa m. post, beam, pillar; sp. sacri ficial post: -tva, n. condition of a post; -vat, a. connected with the sacrificial post (rite); -vâhá, a. bringing the sacrificial post; -vra ská, a. hewing the sacrificial post.
yogin a. joined with, accompanied by (--°ree;); being in conjunction with (--°ree;); con nected with, relating to (--°ree;); practising Yoga; m. devotee of Yoga, Yogin: -î, f. female devotee; sorceress, witch; fairy.
yogitā f. connexion with, relation to (--°ree;); -tva, n. id.; condition of a Yogin.
yautaka a. belonging exclusively to any one; n. present; private property; dowry.
yauṣmāka a. belonging to you, your: î-na, a. id.
yauvanin a. youthful; -îya, a. belonging to youth: -dvâr, f. entrance to youth, adolescence.
yaudhiṣṭhira a. (î) relating or belonging to Yudhishthira.
racana n. arranging, preparing, com posing: â, f. arrangement, disposition, pre paration; performance, accomplishment; for mation, production of (--°ree; often concrete= product); work, composition; style; array of troops; contrivance, invention; putting on (of garments).
raṇotkaṭa a. raging in battle; -½uddesa, m. battle-field.
raṇita pp. √ ran; n. ringing, jin gling, rattling; humming (of bees).
raṇadundubhi m. militarydrum; -dhur, f., -dhurâ, f. brunt of battle; -priya, a. delighting in battle; -bhata, m. N.; -bhû, -bhûmi, f. battle-field; -mukha, n. fore front of battle; vanguard; -mûrdhan, m. id.; -yagña, m. sacrifice of battle; -ra&ndot;ga, m. arena of conflict, battle-field; -rana-ka, m., â, f. regretful longing for a beloved object; m. god of love; -ranâ-y-ita, den. pp. rattling or sounding aloud; -rasika, a. eager for bat tle, with (--°ree;); -lakshmî, f. luck of war; goddess of battle; -visârada, a. skilled in war; -sikshâ, f. art of war; -siras, n. front of battle; vanguard; -sûra, m. hero in bat tle; -samudyama, m.stress of battle; -sam rambha, m. storm of battle; -stha, a. en gaged in battle; -sthâna, n. battle-field; -svâmin, m. statue of Siva as lord of battles.
rathika m. owner or driver of a carriage; -ín, a. owning or driving in a chariot; m. owner of a chariot; car-fighter; coachman; consisting of chariots (army); belonging to a chariot (horse); -irá, a.own ing or driving in a chariot; speedy (RV.).
rathya a. belonging or used to a chariot; m. chariot-horse: â, f. carriage road, highway; host of chariots; a-kaya, m. team of horses; â-pa&ndot;kti, f. street; â-mukha, n. entrance to a street (Pr.); â½upa-sarpana, n. walking in the street.
rava m. [√ 1. ru] roar, yell, cry; song; humming; noise, sound; din, thunder; -ana, a. roaring, crying, screaming, singing, etc.; m. camel; cuckoo; wagtail.
rasātmaka a. whose nature is juice or nectar (moon); tasteful (speech); -½adhika, a. tasteful; abounding in enjoy ments; â½âdhipatya, n. sovereignty of the lower regions; -½antara, n.difference of taste; another taste or pleasure; change of senti ment: -vid, a. having different tastes; -½â bhâsa, m. mere semblance of a sentiment; improper manifestation of a sentiment; -½a bhyantara, a. filled with water or love; -½ayana, n. life-prolonging medicine, elixir of life (sts. follows the gender of the word to which it refers).
rākṣasa a. (î) belonging or peculiar to Râkshasas or evil spirits, demoniacal; m. nocturnal demon, fiend; N. of a minister of Nanda: -tâ, f., -tva, n., -bhâva, m. condi tion of a demon.
rāṅkava a. belonging or peculiar to the deer called Ra&ndot;ku; made of the hair of the Ra&ndot;ku, woollen; m. woollen cloth, blanket.
gin a. coloured, dyed; red; full of passion or desire; impassioned; swayed by love, enamoured; passionately fond of or devoted to, yearning after (lc., --°ree;); delight ing (--°ree;; rare): n-î, f.modification of the musical modes called Râga (30 or 36 Râginîs are enumerated).
rājanya a. royal; m. royal person age, noble; man of the warrior caste (of which this is the oldest designation): -ka, n. assemblage of warriors; -kumâra, m. prince; -tva, n. condition of belonging to the warrior caste; (á)-bandhu, m. companion of kings (gnly. used contemptuously: Br.); man of the military caste, Kshatriya.
rājatanaya m. king's son, prince: â, f. princess; -taramginî, f. Stream (= continuous history) of Kings, T. of various chronicles of Cashmere; N.; -tâ, f. kingship, royalty.
rājasa a. (î) belonging or relating to the quality ragas, endowed with passion: -tva, n. subjection to the quality of passion.
riktaka a. empty; unloaded (man); -tâ, f. emptiness; -pâni, a. empty-handed, bringing no present; -hasta, a. id.; having received no present.
rāhavīya a. belonging etc. to Râhu.
ru m. final euphonic r (=original s: gr.).
ruci f. light, lustre; splendour, beauty; colour; liking, taste, fondness, for (lc., prati, inf., --°ree;); appetite; --°ree;, a. fond of, indulging in, addicted to, eager for: in. ruk yâ, according to desire, at will or pleasure; -m dâ, please any one (g.); -m â-vah, pro duce a liking for (d.); a-ye bhû, please any one (g.).
rudriya a. belonging etc. to Rudra or the Rudras (V.); m. sg. & pl. the group of the Maruts (V.); n. Rudra's power (V.).
recaka m. emission of breath (in Yoga); -ana, a. emptying; purging; n. becoming empty, diminution; emission of breath; evacuation; -ita, cs. pp. (√ rik) emptied; n. kind of pace in the horse.
raudhādika a. belonging to the class of roots beginning with rudh (i.e. to the seventh class).
raudra a. (â, î) belonging, relating to, or coming from Rudra; Rudra like, violent, fierce, savage, terrible; m. worshipper of Rudra; n. (?) heat; n. savageness, terribleness, formidableness; sentiment of wrath (rh.): -tâ, f. terribleness.
laghukoṣṭha a. having an empty stomach; -kaumudî, f. the short Kaumudî (an abridgement of the Siddhânta-kaumudî); -krama, a. having a quick step, hurrying: -m, ad. quickly; -gati, a. swift-paced; -kit ta, a. light-minded, fickle; -ketas, a. little minded, mean-spirited; -kkhedya, fp. easy to destroy (prob. incorr. for -½ukkhedya); -tâ, f., tva, n. activity, nimbleness; lightness; buoyancy, light-heartedness;prosodical shortness; smallness, shortness; insignificance; levity, thoughtlessness; lack of dignity, con tempt, degradation; -patana-ka, m. (swift flying), N. of a crow; -parikrama, a. mov ing quickly; -pâka, a. growing old quickly; easily digested; -pâtin, a. (flying quickly), N. of a crow; -pramâna, a. short; -pra yatna, a. pronounced with slight effort; -bhâ va, m. ease; -bhug, a. eating little; -mûla, a. having insignificant roots, insignificant at the beginning; -vikrama, m. quick step; a. quick-footed; -vivara-tva, n. narrowness of aperture; -vritti, a. of a light nature, light; frivolous: -tâ, f. levity; -sattva, a. having a weak character; -samutthâna,a. rising up quickly, prompt; -sâra, a. insignificant, worthless; -hasta, a. light-handed, adroit (of archers, scribes, etc.): -tâ, f., -tva, n. adroitness of hand, dexterity; -hârîta, m. abridged Hârîta (author of a law-book).
lambodara a. having a hanging belly, pot-bellied (-tâ, f. abst. n.); m. ep. of Ganesa.
lambin a. hanging down; hang ing to or down to (--°ree;).
lambana a. hanging down or caus ing to hang down (ep. of Siva); m. camp follower.
lamba a. hanging down, pendent; hanging by or down to (--°ree;); long (hair etc.); m. perpendicular; complement of latitude: -ka, m. id.; chapter (of which there are eighteen) in the Kathâsaritsâgara;-karna, a. (â, î) having long pendent ears; -gihva, a. having a pendent tongue; m. N. of a Râkshasa.
lālasa intv. a. ardently desiring, eager for, delighting or absorbed in, devoted to (lc., --°ree;); m., â, f. ardent longing, devotion to (lc.).
lāṭa m. N. of a country: pl. its peo- ple; a. (î) belonging to Lâta (î, f. Lâta woman): -ka, a. (ikâ) belonging to or cus tomary among the Lâtas.
lāsika a. dancing; -ikâ, f. female dancer; kind of play; -ya, n. dancing (also fig.); dance accompanied with singing and instrumental music; dancer.
liṅga n. [anything attaching to an object] mark, token, sign, emblem, charac teristic; catchword; deceptive badge (rare, E.); proof, evidence; sign of guilt, stolen property; sign of sex, sexual organ; gram matical gender; Siva's phallus (as an object of worship); image of a god (rare); typical or subtle body (the indestructible original of the gross visible body: Vedânta phil.); nominal base (=prâtipadika: gr.): -deha, m. n. subtle body (phil.); -dhârana, n. bear ing of marks of identification; -nâsa, m. loss of characteristic marks; -pîtha, n. pedestal of a Siva phallus; -purâna, n. T. of a Purâna; -mâtra, n. intellect; -mûrti, a.having the form of a phallus (Siva).
lipsā f. (fr. des. of √ labh) wish to obtain, desire, longing, for (lc., --°ree;); -s-i tavya, fp. desirable; -su, des. a. wishing to obtain, desiring, longing for (ac., --°ree;).
lubdha pp. √ lubh: -ka, m. hunter; the star Sirius; -gana, a. having covetous followers; -tâ, f. greed, covetousness; -tva, n. id.; eager longing for (--°ree;).
lokācāra m. ways of the world, general custom; -½âtman, m. soul of the world; -½âdi, m. (beginning=) creator of the world; -½âdhâra, a. supported by or depen dent on the people; -½adhipa,m. lord of the world, god; -½anugraha, m. welfare of the world or people; -½anurâga, m. love of man kind, universal love; -½anuvritta, n. obedi ence of the people; -½anuvritti, f. dependence on other people; -½antara, n. the other world: -m gam or yâ, go to the other world, die: -sukha, n. felicity in the next world; -½an tarika, a. (î) dwelling or situated between the worlds; -½antarita, pp. deceased; -½apa vâda, m. censure of the world, public re proach; -½abhyudaya, m. welfare of the world; -½âyata, pp. (restricted to the material world), materialistic; m. materialist; n. ma terialism, doctrine of Kârvâka: i-ka, m. materialist; man of the world, î-kri, regard as materialistic; -½aloka, n. sg. & m. du. the world and the non-world; m. N. of the mythi cal mountainous belt (light on the one side and dark on the other) which separates the visible world from the world of darkness; -½âlokin, a. surveying the worlds; -½aveksha- na, n. care of the people.
lokaṃpṛṇa a. filling the world, all-pervading: &asharp;, f. N. of the ordinary bricks used in building the fire-altar (consecrated with the verse beginning lokám prina).
laiṅagodbhava n. history of the origin of the Li&ndot;ga.
loṭhana m. N.; n. wagging of the head.
lolubha intv. a. ardently longing for, eagerly desirous of (--°ree;).
lolupa intv. a. desirous, longing for, greedy of (lc., --°ree;): â, f. eagerness, ardent longing, for (lc.): (a)-tâ, f., -tva, n. eager ness, greed of (--°ree;).
lola a. [√ lul] moving to and fro, rolling, waving, tremulous, agitated; restless, unsteady; fickle, inconstant; longing, eager for, desirous of (lc., inf., --°ree;): â, f. lightning; fickle goddess of fortune.
vaṃśakara a. perpetuating a race; m. continuer of a family; N.; -karma-krit, m. worker in bamboo, basket-maker; -krit ya, n. function of a flute, flute-playing; -krama½âgata, pp. come down by family succession, lineally descended, hereditary; -krama½âhita-gaurava, a. highly esteemed by successive generations of the family; -gop tri, m. preserver of the family; -kintaka, m. genealogist; -kkhettri, m. (cutter off=) last of a family; -ga, a. made of bamboo; born in or belonging to the family of, sprung from a -family (--°ree;); belonging to the same family: with prâktanâh=ancestors; -dhara, a. perpetuating a family; m.continuer of a family; m. descendant; -nâdikâ, -nâdî, f. pipe of bamboo; -nâtha, m. chief of a race; -pattra, n. bamboo leaf; -pota, m. shoot of a cane and child of good family; -bâhya, a. re pudiated by the family; -brâhmana, n. list of ancient teachers; T.; -bhrit, m. perpetuator of a race; -bhogya, fp. to be enjoyed by successive generations, hereditary; -maya, a. (î) made of bamboo; -râgya-dhara, a. perpetuating race and dominion; -lûna, pp. deprived of one's family, alone in the world; -vardh ana, a. increasing or perpetuating a race; m. son; -vardhin, a. id.; -visuddha, pp. unblemished or sound in the cane; of pure lineage; -vistara, m.complete genealogy; -sthiti, f. perpetuation of a family.
laulya n. restlessness; unsteadiness, fickleness, inconstancy; excessive passion, ardent longing, greediness, for (lc., --°ree;): -vat, a. greedy, avaricious.
laukya a. belonging to the world, mundane; common, ordinary.
laukika a. (î) relating or belonging to or occurring in every-day life, common, usual, ordinary, current (opp. Vedic or learned); belonging to the world of (--°ree;); m. pl. ordinary people (opp. scholars, adepts); men of the world; people; n. affairs of the world, general custom: -gña, a. knowing the ways of the world; -tva, n. usualness, ordinariness.
lobha m. [√ lubh] desire of, longing for (g., lc., --°ree;); impatience (rare); greed, cupidity, avarice; -ana, n. allurement, en ticement; -anîya, fp. alluring, attractive, charming, by or to (--°ree;).
vaṃśya a. connected with the main beam (rare); belonging to the family; sprung from the family of (--°ree;); m. member of the family; descendant; ancestor.
vaṃśīya a. belonging to the family of (g.).
vananvat a. (RV.) possessing; belonging to oneself, own.
vanin m. (belonging to the forest), tree (RV.); anchorite, Brâhman in the third stage (C.).
vanāgni m. forest-fire; -½atana, n. roaming about in the forest; -½adhivâsin, a. dwelling in the forest; -½anta, m. forest region, forest: -bhû, f. forest region; -½an tara, n. interior of a forest (pl.forests: lc. in forests of, --°ree;); ab. out of the forest; lc. in the forest; -m pra-vis, or pra½âp, enter or reach a forest: -kara, -kârin, a. roaming about in the forest; -½anta-sthalî, f. forest region; -½abginî, f. lotusgrowing in the forest.
varṇa m. [covering, coating: √ 1. vri] cover, lid (C., rare); exterior, appear ance, colour (very common); (good) complex ion (C.); pigment (for writing or painting; C.); (colour=) race, species, kind; character, nature, form; caste (prob. from contrast of colour between aboriginal slaves and their fair conquerors); (coloured mark), letter; sound; vowel; syllable; word; musical note (rare); praise (rare); fame, renown (rare).
vargīya a. belonging to the group, party, or category of (--°ree;); -ya, a. (--°ree;) id.; m. class-fellow, colleague.
varṇin a. coloured; --°ree;, having the appearance of; belonging to the (Brâhman etc.) caste; m. man belonging to one of the four castes; Brâhman in the first stage, re ligious student, Brahmakârin:pl. a certain monastic order: -î, f. woman; woman of high caste.
vardhamāna pr. pt. Â. (√ 1. vridh) growing, etc.; m. N. of a mountain and dis trict, now Burdwan; N. of a village; N.: â, f. N. of a form of the Gâyatrî metre: (a)-ka, m. N.; (a)-pura, n. N. of atown, Burdwan: î-ya, a. belonging to Burdwan.
vartis n. (turning in), lodging, abode (RV.).
varuṇya a. belonging to or coming from Varuna (V.).
varṣā f. rain (rare): (sg.) pl. rains, rainy season (very common): (â)-kâla, m. rainy season; -½âgama, m. beginning of the rains; -½ambu, n. rain water; -samaya, m. rainy season.
valka m. n. bark of a tree: (a)-la, m. n. id.; cloth made of bark, bark garment: -vat, a. wearing a garment made of bark, -½agina-samvîta, pp. clothed in bark and skins.
vastu n. (C.) place (rare); thing, substance, object; really existing thing; right thing, worthy object; object of (--°ree;); matter, circumstance; subject, subject-mat ter, plot, theme, contents; °ree;--, in reality: -ka, a. (--°ree;) having -as contents (anûna-, of weighty contents, extraordinary); -gâta, n. the aggregate of things; -tantra, a. depen dent on things, objective; -tas, ad. in reality; -tâ, f. being the object of (--°ree;); reality: in. in reality; -dharma, m. sg. & pl. true nature of things; -bhâva, m. reality: in. pl. in reality; -bheda, m. actual or essen tial difference; -rakanâ, f. elaboration of a plot; -vritta, n. actual fact; -sakti, f. sg. & pl. force of circumstances: -tas, ad. by the --; -sâsana, n. original edict; -sûnya, a. devoid of reality, unreal.
vaha a. (--°ree;) drawing, conveying; flow ing, -through, into, or towards; bearing along (of rivers); bringing; producing, effect ing; bearing (a name); having, provided with; exposing oneself to (heat etc.); m. shoulder of a draught animal; shoulder piece of the yoke.
encl. pcl. or (following, but metr. sts. preceding); either or not, optionally; (= iva), like, as, as it were; (=eva), just, etc. (rare); but, however (rare); even, even sup posing (with ft.; rare); after inter. or rel.= possibly, pray: vâ -vâ, either -or (when there are two clauses, the vb. of the first only is as a rule accented); na ± vâ -vâ, kim vâ -kim vâ or na vâ, neither -nor; vâ na vâ, either -or not; perhaps -or perhaps not; whether -or not; yadi vâ -vâ, whether -or; in a sentence containing more than two members vâ is nearly always repeated, while a negative at the beginning of the series need not be repeated as its sense runs through all the remaining members (=not, either -or or); in this case vâ often interchanges with ka and api, or is combined with the pcls. api (± punah), atha (± u, api, or punah), yad, yadi, or utá.
vanhi m. drawer (of a car), steed (V.); charioteer (said of various gods in V.); conveyer of offerings to the gods, esp. Agni (V.); fire, god of fire (C.): vahninâ sam skri, hallow by fire, burn solemnly: -kunda, n. cavity in the ground for the sacred fire; -krit, a. producing conflagration; -kopa, m. raging conflagration; -mat, a. containing fire; -maya, a. consisting of fire; -loka, m. world of Agni; -vat, a. containing the word vahni; -sikhâ, f. flame of fire; -samskâra, m. sacrament of fire, cremation; -sâkshikam, ad. so as to be witnessed by fire; -sât-kri, burn; -sphuli&ndot;ga, m. spark of fire.
vājasani a. winning booty or wealth (RV.); invigorating, victorious (RV.); bestowing food, also ep. of Siva (C.); -san-e yá, m. pat. of Yâgñavalkya; (a), m. pl. school of Vâgasaneya: -ka, a. relating to, composed by, or belonging to the school of Vâgasaneya; n. the Satapatha-brâhmana; -saney-in, a. belonging to the school of Vâgasaneya; m. pl. school of Vâgasaneya.
vācchā f. desire, wish, longing, for (g., lc., prati, --°ree;); assumption (rare): -m kri, long for (lc.).
vātakara a. producing wind (one of the bodily humours), causing flatulence; -kshobha, m. excitement of wind (in the body); -ganda, a. belonging to the society called Vâtagandâ: â, f. N. of a certain society; -ghna, a. removing disorders from wind; -gava, a. fleet as the wind; (v&asharp;ta)- gûta, pp. driven by the wind, swift as the wind (V.); -pata, m. sail; (v&asharp;ta)-pramî, a. outstripping the wind (RV.1); -bhaksha, a. feeding on air.
vānaspatya a. coming from a tree (vanaspati), prepared from trees (Soma); wooden; belonging to the sacrificial post; n. fruit of a tree.
vānara m. [animal belonging to the forest: vanar] monkey, ape: î, f. female monkey; a. (î) belonging or peculiar etc. to the monkey.
vādya a. beginning with v.
vāyava a. (î) relating, belonging, or sacred to or sprung from the wind, air, or god of wind; north-western: î, f. (± dis) north-west; -îya, a. id.; -yã, a. id.; ± p&asharp;tra, n. a kind of Soma vesselshaped like a mor tar; m. n., â, f. north-west.
vārkṣa a. (î) consisting or made of, belonging or relating to, produced from, growing on or protected (fortress) by trees (vriksha); wooden.
vāruṇa a. (î) belonging, relating, or sacred to Varuna; western (presided over by Varuna); m. aquatic animal, fish: î, f. west; kind of serpent; Varuna's female energy; Varuna's daughter (produced at the churning of the ocean and regarded as the goddess of spi rituous liquor); spirituous liquor, palm-wine.
vārikośa m. (=kosa-vâri) con secrated water used in ordeals; -garbha½u dara, a. (pregnant=) heavy with rain (cloud); -kara, a. aquatic; m. aquatic animal; fish; -ga, m. (produced in the water), shell; n. lotus: -½aksha, a. lotus-eyed; -gâta, (pp.) m. shell; -taramga, m. wave; -tas, ad. by water; -taskara, m. stealer of water, esp. of the sun (which draws up water with its rays); -da, a. giving water or rain; m. rain-cloud: -½âga ma, m. (arrival of clouds), rainy season, -½anta, m. (end of the clouds), autumn; -dha ra, a. bearing or containing water; m. rain cloud; -dhânî, f. reservoir of water, water butt; -dhârâ, f. sg. & pl. torrent of water; -dhi, m. receptacle of water, ocean, sea (four or seven seas are spoken of); -nidhi, m. id.; -pa, a. 1. drinking water; 2. guarding water; -patha, m. water-way; sea-faring: -½upa- gîvin, a. subsisting by maritime trade; -pûr vam, ad. previously pouring out water; -bandhana, n. damming up of water; -bin du, m. drop of water; -mat, a. abounding in water; -maya, a. (î) consisting of water; peculiar to water; -muk, a. discharging water or rain; m. rain-cloud; -yantra, n. water wheel; -ra, m. (giving water), cloud; -râsi, m. volume of water; ocean; -ruha, n. (grow ing in the water), lotus-flower; -vârana, m. water-elephant (a kind of monster); -vâha, a. bringing water; m. rain-cloud; god of rain: -ka, a. bringing water; -vihâra, m. sporting in the water; -saya, a. living in the water; -sambhava, a. produced in or ob tained from water; -stha, a. (situated=) re flected in the water (sun's disc).
vārṣika a. (î) rainy, belonging to the rainy season; lasting for a year (food, etc.); annual, yearly; --°ree;, with a num. lasting (so many) years, (so many) years old.
vārṣa a. (&isharp;) belonging to the rainy season (varshâ).
vāśitā f. cow longing for the bull; also of other animals desiring the male, esp. female elephant; woman, wife (in AV., E. & C. always spelt vâsitâ).
vāvaśāna pf. pt. Â. (√ vas) eagerly longing (RV.).
vāsara a. (&isharp;) belonging to or ap pearing in the morning (vasar), early (RV.); m. (time of dawn, morning), day (opp. night); day (in general); day of the week: (a)-krit ya, n. daily observances; -mani, m. gem of day, sun; -sa&ndot;ga, m. daybreak; -½adhîsa, m. sun; -½îsa, m. id.; lord of the week (sun, moon, or planet).
vāsanta a. (&isharp;) belonging to or pro duced in spring, vernal: î, f. N. of various plants; N. of a sylvan goddess.
vāhana a. (fr. cs. of √ vah) driv ing; carrying; bringing; n. animal used for draught or riding; vehicle, conveyance, chariot, waggon; animal (rare); drawing, carrying; riding, driving: --°ree; a. riding on, driving in: -tâ, f., -tva, n. condition of a vehicle, etc.
vāstoṣpati m. genius of the homestead: &isharp;-ya, a. belonging etc. to Vâs toshpati.
vāhiṣṭha spv. (=váhishtha) waft ing or bringing most (RV.).
vāhin a. driving along (car); --°ree;, drawing; flowing to; causing to flow, shed ding; bearing along (of a river), wafting (of wind); bringing, producing; bearing, carry ing; wearing, possessing, having; perform ing, practising: (ín)-î, f. V., C.: army; C.: division of an army (consisting of 81 ele phants, 81 chariots, 243 horse, 405 foot); river: -pati, m. commander of an army; -½îsa, m. id.
vāsava a. (î) belonging to, derived from (etc.) the Vasus; m. chief of the Vasus, Indra; a. (î) belonging to Indra (î ± dis, f. east): -kâpa, Indra's bow, rainbow; -dat tâ, f. frequent N.; story of Vâsavadattâ; T. of a novel by Subandhu; -dis, f. Indra's quarter, east; -½âsâ, f. id.
vikārita cs. pp. √ kri; -kâri-tva, n. alteration, change; -kârin, a. liable to change, changeable; changing into (--°ree;); susceptible of emotion or love; becoming disloyal, rebellious; producing a change in, corrupting (the mind); -kârya, fp. liable to change; -kâla, m. evening; -kâsa, m. 1. brightness; 2. inaccurate spelling for -kâsa; -kâsin, a. shining, radiant; --°ree;, illustrating, explaining; -kâsa, m.[√ kas] expanding, blowing (of flowers); opening (of the mouth or eyes); opening of the heart, susceptibility; expansion, development: -ka, a. (--°ree;) expanding the mind=making wise; -kâsana, a. causing to expand; n. developing; -kâsi tâ, f. expansion, development; -kâsin, a. blossoming, blowing; open (eyes); expand ing, developing; extensive, great (fortune); abounding in (--°ree;).
vāsiṣṭha a. (î) descended from, composed by, relating or belonging to Vasish tha; m. pat. fr. Vasishtha.
vigrahin a. waging war; m. minister of war; -grahî-tavya, fp. (corrupt); -graha½ikkhu, des. a. eager for battle; -grâh ya, fp. to be waged war with.
yatomūla a. originating in which.
vijara a. not growing old; -gala, a. waterless: lc. in case of drought; -galpa, m. unjust reproach; -gâta, a. belonging to another class, heterogeneous; -gâtîya, a. id.; -g&asharp;-man, a. [√ gan] related, corresponding (V.); -g&asharp;mi, a. consanguineous, related (RV.1); -gâ-van, a. bodily, own (V.).
viḍamba a. imitating any one (--°ree;); m. derision; desecration: -ka, a. (--°ree;) imitat ing, bearing a striking resemblance; bringing disgrace on (--°ree;); -dambana, a. imitating, acting like; n., â, f.imitation, copying, dis guise, playing the part of any one, illusive assumption of a form (sp. of a god in human form); derision, scorn, mockery; disgrace, degradation: (&abrevcirc;)-m kri, copy, imitate; make a laughing-stock of (ac.); -dambita½îsvara, a. imitating (=the image of) Siva; -dambin, a. (--°ree;) imitating, assuming the appearance of, strikingly like; mocking=throwing into the shade, surpassing; degrading, disgracing.
vidyādharī f. female fairy, sylph; -dharî-bhû, become a fairy; -dha ra½indra, m. prince of the fairies: -tâ, f., -tva, n. abst. n.; -dhâra, m. receptacle of knowledge, great scholar; -½adhidevatâ, f.tutelary deity of the sciences, Sarasvatî; -½ânanda, m. delight in knowledge; -½anu pâlin, a. faithfully preserving (traditional) learning; -½anta, m. end of apprenticeship; -pati, m. chief scholar at a court: -tva, n. abst.n.; -phala, n. fruit of learning; -bala, n. power of enchantment; -matha, m. mon astic school, college; -mada, m. pride of learning; -mandira, n. school-house, college; -maya, a. consisting or absorbed in know ledge; -½aranya, m. N. of various scholars, esp. of Mâdhavâkârya; -ratna, n. jewel of knowledge; -½ârambha, m. beginning of study; -½artha, a. desirous of knowledge; -½arthin, a. id.; -vamsa, m. chronological list of teachers; -vat, a. learned; -½ava tamsa, m. N. of a fairy; -vadhû, f. muse; -vayo-vriddha, pp. old in learning and years; -vikraya, m. instruction for pay; -vid, a. learned; -viruddha, pp. conflicting with science; -vriddha,pp. old in know ledge; -vesman, n. school-house, college; -vrata-snâta: -ka, a. having concluded Vedic study and his vows; -sampradâna, n. imparting of knowledge; -sâgara, m. ocean of knowledge, ep. of a great scholar; -sthâ na, n. branch of knowledge; -snâta: -ka, a. having finished Vedic study; -hîna, pp. destitute of knowledge, unlearned, illiterate.
vāmanī a. bringing wealth: -tva, n. attribute of bestowing wealth.
vidhūta pp. (√ dhû) shaken, etc.; n. repugnance; -dhûti, f. shaking, agitation; -dhûnana, a. (î) causing to shake; n. shak ing; surging; refusal, rejection; -dhûma, a. smokeless, not smoking (fire): lc. when no smoke rises from the kitchen; m. N. of a Vasu.
vinikṣepa m. separation; -ni kshepya, fp. to be thrown into (lc.); -nigad î-kri, free from foot-fetters; -nigamaka, a. deciding between two alternatives; -nigam anâ, f. decision between two alternatives; -nigûhitri, m. concealer, keeper (of a secret); -nigraha, m. separation; restraining, curb ing, subduing (ord.mg.); restriction; -nigrâh ya, fp. to be restrained; -nidra, a. sleep less, awake; occurring in the waking condi tion; passed sleeplessly; expanded (flower); opened (eyes): -ka, a. awake, -tâ, f. sleep lessness; -ninîshu, des. a. intending to guide; -ninda, a. surpassing: â, f. reproach ing, abusing; -nindaka, a. blaming; derid ing; surpassing; -nipâta, m. mischance, calamity; death; failure; -nipâtita, cs. pp. √ pat; -nimaya, m. barter, exchange; reci procity (in kârya-); pledging; -nimitta, a. having no real cause; -nimîlana, n.closure (of a bud); -nimesha, m. wink; -niyama, m. limitation, restriction to (lc.); -niyamya, fp. to be limited; -niyukta½âtman, a. hav ing one's soul directed to (ad.); -niyoktri, m. appointer to (lc.); employer; -niyoga,m. apportionment; appointment to a duty (lc.); commission, charge; employment, use, application (ord. mg.; sp. of a verse in ritual); relation, correlation; -niyogya, fp. to be employed, applied, or used.
vipariṇāma m. transforma tion, change; exchange; ripening; -nâmin, a. changing into (in. of abst. n.); -dhâna, n. exchange; -dhâvaka, a. running about every where; -bhramsa, m. failure; loss of (--°ree;); -lopá, m. loss; -vartana, a. (î) causing to turn round; n. turning (int.) round; -vritti, f. return; -hâra, m. exchange.
vipramāthin a. trampling down everything; -mâdin, a. thoroughly heedless; -moksha, m. loosening; deliver ance from (ab., g.); -mokya, fp. to be freed from (ab.); -yoga, m. separation, from (in. ± saha, g., --°ree;); lack, absence; -yogin, a. separated from a loved object; -labdha, pp. (√ labh) deceived, imposed upon; -labhya, fp. to be deceived, -made a fool of; -lam bha, m. deception; (disappointment=) sepa ration of lovers: -ka, a. deceiving, cheating; m. dishonest opponent: -tva, n. deception; -lambhana, n. deception (pl.); -lambhin, a. deceiving, fallacious; -laya, m. absorp tion in (lc.); extinction; -lâpa, m. explana tion; idle chatter; contradiction; -lâpin, a. chattering; m. chatterer; -lumpa-ka, a. rapacious; -vâda, m. divergent statement; -vâsa, m. dwelling or travelling abroad; staying away from (ab., --°ree;); -vâsana, n. banishing.
viprakarṣa m. dragging away; distance; difference, contrast; -kâra, m. ill treatment, injury; -kîrna, pp. √ krî; -krit, a. injuring any one (g.); -kriti, f. alteration: -m nî, alter, modify; -krishta-tva, n. dis tance; -krishta½antara, a. a considerable way of.
virāga m. loss of colour; dislike (to persons), indifference (to things), to (ab., lc., --°ree;); indifference to worldly objects; a. of various colours, variegated; free from pas sion, indifferent; -râgi-tâ, f.aversion, dis like; -râgin, a. disliking, having a disincli nation for (lc.); -r&asharp;g, a. (V.) ruling; splen did; m. chief, ruler, lord; f. queen; f. exaltation (V.); f. (V.), m. (C.) N. of a divine being, the result of speculation, iden tified with Purusha, Pragâpati, Brahman, Agni, and later Vishnu, sometimes appear ing as the daughter (or son) of Purusha, Pragâpati, Brahman, or Vishnu; is made the subject of all kinds of fanciful allegories in the Brâhmanas; in the Vedânta virâg is a designation of intellect conditioned by the aggregate, so called because of its manifold brilliance; f. N. of various V. metres, chiefly with pâdas of ten syllables: t-tva, n. name of Virâg; -râga, a. brilliant; m. N.; -râg ita, pp. resplendent; -râta, m. N. of a king of the Matsyas; -râtra, end of night; -râd dhri, m. insulter; -râdha, m. N. of a Râk shasa: -gupta, m. N., -han, m. slayer of Virâdha, ep. ofVishnu (Râma); -râma, m. cessation; termination, end; end of a word or sentence, stop, pause (gr.); end of a pâda, caesura within a pâda; stroke below a con sonant indicating the absence of the inherent a (orig. only at the end of a sentence); ab stention (gr.): --°ree; a. ending in (gr.): -m yâ, rest; come to an end; -râva, m. cry, clamour, roar, noise; -râvin, a. crying, warbling, yell ing, roaring; resounding with (in.).
virakta pp. (√ rañg) estranged etc.: -prakriti, a. whose principal officers are dis affected, -bhâva, a. disaffected; -rakti, f. indifference, to (lc., upari w. g., prati w. ac.); freedom from worldlyattachment: -mat, a. indifferent, to (lc.); accompanied with free dom from worldly attachment; -rakanâ, f. disposition, embellishment: alakânâm --, neatly arranged locks; -rakayitavya, fp. to be made or formed; -rakita, pp. cs. √ rak: â, f. N.; (ví)-raga, a. free from dust, clean, pure (also fig.); free from passion; -ragas, a. id.; m. N.; -ragas-ka, a. dustless; -ragas karana, n. freeing from dust, cleansing; -ragî kri, free from dust, cleanse; -rañka, -rañki, -rañkya, m. ep. of Brahman; -rata, pp. (√ ram) ceased etc.: -tva, n. cessation; -rata-prasa&ndot;ga, a. having ceased from en gaging in (lc.); -rati, f. cessation; end; desistence or abstention from, renunciation of (ab., lc., --°ree;); -ratha, a. deprived of one's car; -rathî-kri, deprive any one of his chariot; -rathî-bhû, be deprived of one's car; -rapsá, a. (&isharp;) exuberant (RV.); m. abundance (RV.); -rapsín,a. exuberant, vigorous (V.); -rama, m. cessation, abate ment; sunset; abstention from (--°ree;); -rama- na, n. cessation; abstention from (--°ree;).
viyoga m. separation, -from, loss of (in.±saha, ab., --°ree;); departure; absence, want; abstention from (--°ree;): -pura, n. N. of a town, -vat, a. separated (from a lover), -½avasâna, a. ending in separation; -yogi tâ, f. separation; -yogin, a. separated (lover), from (--°ree;); -yogana, n. liberation from (--°ree;); separation, from (--°ree;); -yoganîya, fp. to be deprived of (in.); -yogya, fp. to be separated from (ab.);-yon&ibrevcirc;, f. animal womb; debased birth, animal, animals and plants.
vilakṣa a. having no fixed aim; missing its mark (arrow); embarrassed, abashed, ashamed: -tva, n. abst. n.; -laksh ana, a. varying in character, different; differ ing from (ab., --°ree;); various, manifold (rare); not admitting of exact definition (rare); -lakshî-kri, cause to miss the mark, disap point (any one); disconcert, abash; -laksh ya, a. having no fixed aim; -lagna, pp. (√ lag) clinging to, etc.; n. rise of a con stellation; -la&ndot;ghana, n. leaping over (g.); striking against; offence, injury: â, f. get ting over, surmounting; -la&ndot;ghin, a. (--°ree;) overstepping, transgressing; striking against, ascending to (the sky); -la&ndot;ghya, fp. to be crossed (river); to be got over, tolerable: -tâ, f. tolerableness; -lagga, a. shameless; -lapana, n., -lapita, n. wailing, lamenta tion; -labdhi, f. removal; -lamba, a. hang ing down (arms); m.tardiness, delay: °ree;--, slowly; ab. so late; in. id.; too late; -lam ba-ka, m. N. of a king; -lambana, n., â, f. delay, procrastination; -lambita, pp. √ lamb; n. delay: -gati, a. having a slow gait; f. a metre; -lambin, a.hanging down, hanging to, leaning against (lc., --°ree;); --°ree;, from which -depend, suffused with (tears); delaying, reluctant; -laya, m. disappearance, loss, de struction, end; -layana, a. dissolving; n. dissolution, destruction; liquefaction; kind of product of milk; -lasana, n. sportiveness (of a woman); play (of lightning); -lasita, pp. √ las; n. manifestation; sportiveness; pranks, goings on (sg. & pl.); play (of light ning); -lâpa,m. lamentation; -lâpana, cs. √ 1. lî] a. causing to disappear, removing; n. destruction, death; -lâpayitri, m. [fr. cs. of √ 1. lî] destroyer; -lâpin, a. wailing, lament ing; uttering sounds.
vireka m. purging; laxative; -rek ana, a. opening; n. purging; purgative.
viloka m. glance; -lokana, n. look ing, gaze; looking at, regarding, observing; looking out for, finding out; perceiving, look ing into, studying; -lokita, (pp.) n. glance, look; -lokin, a. (--°ree;) looking; looking at; perceiving; -lokya, fp. visible; looked at; -lokana, 1. a. causing to see, giving eye-sight; n. eye; 2. a. distorting the eyes; m. N. of a mythical person: -patha, m. range of vision, -pâta, m. glance; -lodana, n. stir ring about, churning; splashing; throwing into confusion; -lopa, m. loss, injury; interruption, disturbance; robbery; -lopa-ka, m. destroyer; plunderer; -lopana, n. destruc tion; omission; pulling to pieces (garland); stealing; -lopin, a. destroying (--°ree;); -loptri, m. thief, robber; -lopya, fp. to be destroyed; -lobhana, n. allurement; -lobhanîya, fp. alluring to (--°ree;); -loma, a. (against the hair or grain), reversed, opposite; refractory: -m, ad. backwards; -loma-ga, a., -loma- gâta, pp. born (against the grain=) in the in verse order, born of a mother belonging to a higher caste than the father; (ví)-loman, a. against the hair orgrain, turned in the oppo site direction, inverted; hairless; -lom-ita, den. pp. inverted; -lola, a. moving to and fro, tossing about, waving, rolling, unsteady; un steadier than (ab.); -lolana, n. moving to and fro; (ví)-lohita, a. deep red.
vivekitā f. discrimination, dis cernment, judgment, -tva, n. id.; -vekin, a. discriminating, distinguishing (--°ree;); separated (rare); examining, criticising (rare); dis criminating, discerning, judicious; -vektav ya, fp. n. one should judge correctly; -vek tri, m. one who discriminates (--°ree;); man of judgment or discernment: -tva, n. discrimin ation of (--°ree;); -vekaka, a. distinguishing; judging correctly, discerning: -tâ, f., -tva, n. correct judgment, discernment; -vekana, a. (î) distinguishing (--°ree;); investigating, dis cussing, treating critically; n. examination, discussion, criticism; n., â, f. distinguishing.
viśvaka m. N. of a protégé of the Asvins; -kartri, m. creator of the universe; -karman, n. every action (only °ree;--); (á) karman, a. accomplishing or creating every thing (V., E.); N. of the architect of the universe, resembling Pragâpati and often not distinguished from him; in C. he is the architect and artificer of the gods, also called Pragâpati, and with the pat. Bhauvana, father of Barhishmatî and Samgñâ; ep. of the sun (rare); -krít, a. creating everything; m. creator of the universe; the architect and artificer of the gods, Visvakarman; (á)-krish- ti, a. dwelling among all men, universally known (RV.); -kshaya, m. destruction of the world; -gata, pp. omnipresent; -guru, m. father of the universe; (á)-kakshas, a. all-seeing (RV.); (á)-karshani, a. = -krishti (RV.); -ganá, m. mankind; -gan&isharp;na, a. containing all kinds of people (V.); ruling all people (V.); benefiting the whole world (V., C.); (á)-ganya, a. containing all men (heaven and earth: V.); universal, dear to all men (V.); universally beneficial (discussion); -gít, a. all-subduing (V., P.); m. N. of an Ekâha in the Gavâmayana rite, the fourth day after the Vishuvat (Br., S., C.); -gîva, m. universal soul; -g&usharp;, a. all-impelling (RV.1); (á)-tas, ad. from or on all sides, everywhere; (á)-to-mukha, a. having a face on every side, facing in all directions; (á) tra, ad. everywhere; always; (á)-thâ, ad. in every way, always (V.); -datta, m. N. of a Brâhman; (á)-darsata, a. visible to all (RV.); -d&asharp;nîm, ad. always (V.); (á)-deva, a. all-divine;m. pl. the All-gods, the Visve devâs; (á)-devya, a. relating, dear etc. to all gods (RV.); (á)-devyâ-vat, a. id.; accompanied by the Visve devâs (Indra); (á)-dh&abrevcirc;, ad. in every way, always (RV.); -dhar ana, n.preservation of the universe; (á) dhâyas, a. all-supporting (RV.); -dhâ-vîrya, a. effective in every way (AV.); (á)-dhena, a. all-feeding (RV.); -nâtha, m. lord of the universe, ep. of Siva; N.; -m-tara, a. all-subduing(Buddha); m. N. of a king with the pat. Saushadmana; -pâvana, a. all-purifying; -pís, a. all-adorned (RV.); -prakâsa, m. All-enlightener, T. of a dictionary; (á) psnya, a. all-nourishing (V.); -bhug, a. all-consuming; (á)-bheshaga, a. (î) all-healing (V.); n. dry ginger (C.); (á)-bhogas, a. all-supporting; -maya, a. containing the uni verse; -maha, m. a kind of personification; -mahesvara, m. great lord of all (Siva); -minvá, a. (RV.) all-moving; all-containing; -mûrti, a. whose body is the universe or having all forms; -m-bhará, a. all-supporting; m. ep. of Vishnu: â, f. earth: -bhug, m. king; -yoni, m. f. source or creator of the universe; -ruki, m. N. of a Dânava; -rûpa, n. sg. all kinds of shapes; (á)-rûpa, a. (â, &isharp;) many-coloured, variegated (V.); wearing all forms, manifold, various; N. of a son of Tvashtri, whose three heads were struck off by Indra; â, f.dappled cow (V.); N. of certain verses (Br.); (á-)vâra, a. containing, bestowing etc. all treasures (V.); -vikhyâta, pp. known in the whole world; -víd, a. all-knowing; -visruta, pp. known in the whole world; (á)-vedas, a.all-knowing; (á)-sam bhû, a. beneficial to all; -súk, a. all-enlightening (RV.1); (á)-skandra, a. all-glittering (RV.); -samvanana, n. means of enchanting all; -samhâra, m. general destruction; -sakha, m. universal friend.
viśya a. forming a --, belonging etc. to the community (RV.); m. man of the peo ple or of the third caste (V.).
viśvasaha m. N.; -sâkshin, a. all-seeing; -sríg, a. (nm. k) all-creating; m. Creator of the universe; ep. of Nârâyana; -srishti, f. creation of the universe; (á) saubhaga, a. bringing all prosperity (RV.).
viṣaya m. [working, field of action] sphere of activity; scope, compass, range, reach (of the eye, ear, mind, etc.); duration (of life); province, department, domain, business; restricted sphere (gr.); room, ap propriateness for (g., rare); object of a sense (there are five corresponding to the five senses: sound, touch, form, taste, smell); objects or pleasures of sense, worldly concerns, sensual enjoyments (pl.); object (opp. subject); topic, subject-matter; aim, mark; object suitable for (d., g., --°ree;); subject of comparison (in a trope: e.g. in &open;lotus-eye,&close; &open;eye&close; is the visha ya, &open;lotus&close; the vishayinor object); place, spot; region, district, country, kingdom (pl. lands, possessions): --°ree; a. manifesting itself in or as; restricted to the category of, ex clusively belonging to, invariably; relating to, treating of, concerned with, directed to, aiming at: lc. vishaye, in the sphere of, with regard to, concerning (g., --°ree;); atra vishaye, with regard to this; khandasi vishaye, only in the Veda.
viṣayin a. indulging in sensual pleasures; m. sensualist; materialist; lover; subject (opp. king); subject, the ego; object of comparison (e. g. in &open;lotus-eye,&close; &open;lotus&close; is thevishayin, &open;eye&close; the vishaya).
viṣayaka a. having -as its ob ject, regarding (--°ree;); -grâma, m. world of sense; -gña, a. specialist; -tâ, f. being the object of (g.); relation to, dependence on (--°ree;); -tva, n. being the object of, occurrence or treat ment in (--°ree;); limitation of anything (g.) to (--°ree;); relation to, dependence on, liability to (--°ree;); -vat, a. directed to objects of sense; objective; -vartin, a. directed to (g.); -vâsin, a. dwelling in a country; m. inhabitant; -½âtmaka, a. directed to objects of sense, in dulging in sensual pleasures; -½adhikrita, (pp.) m. governor of a province; -½adhipa, m. id.; king; -½anta, m. boundary of the country.
viṣuṇa a. (RV.) various; changing (moon); averted, averse; lc. aside.
visarga m. [√ srig] discharge, liber ation (V., C.); cessation, end (V.); diverg ence (of paths: RV.); C.: emission; evacua tion of excrement; dismission of a person; bestowing, giving; casting, throwing, dis charging, scattering; creating; creation, pro duct; final aspiration (gr.): -kumbana, n. parting kiss; -lupta, n. absence of Visarga.
vihati f. blow, stab, shot; preven tion; repulse, defeat; -hantavya, fp. to be destroyed; -hantrí, m. destroyer, frustrator of (g., --°ree;); -hara, a. removing, changing; -harana, n. removing, transporting; trans posing of words; opening (of the mouth); walking about, strolling (ord. mg.); moving backwards and forwards, brandishing (a club); -hartri, m. purloiner, robber; one who en joys himself; -harsha, a.joyless, sad; -ha vá, m. invocation; -hávya (or á), fp. to be invoked or invited (V.); m. N.; -hasati-kâ, -hasiti-kâ, f. laughter; -hasta, a. hand less; trunkless; perplexed, helpless; com pletely absorbed in (--°ree;); adroit, skilled, in (--°ree;): -tâ, f. trunklessness; bewilderment, helplessness; -hastita, den. pp. confused or embarrassed by (--°ree;).
vīṇā f. Indian lute: -karna, m. Lute ear, N.; (v&isharp;nâ)-ganagin, m. leader of a musi cal band; -gâthín, m. lute-player; -datta, m. N. of a Gandharva; -rava, m. sound of the lute; a. humming like a lute: â, f. N. of a fly; -vatsa-râga, m. N. of a king; -vâdá, m. lute-player; playing on the lute; -vâdya, n. playing on the lute; -vinoda, m. N. of a fairy; -silpa, n. art of playing the lute; -hasta, a. holding a lute in hishand (Siva).
vṛṣaṇvat a. drawn by stallions (RV.); containing the word vrishan (V.); (vríshan)-vasu, a. possessing or bringing great wealth (RV.).
vṛṣṭipāta m. shower of rain; -mát (RV.) or (vríshti)-mat (SB.), a. raining, rainy; -maya, a. consisting of rain; -váni, a. obtaining or bringing rain (V.); -sampâta, m. downpour of rain.
vedāṅga n. member of the Veda, subsidiary Vedic treatise (six are enumer ated: Sikshâ, Kalpa, Vyâkarana, Nirukta, Khandas, Gyotisha); -½âdi, m. beginning of the Veda; m. n. sacred syllable om; -½adhi gama, m. Vedic study; -½adhyayana, n. id.; -½adhyâya, a. studying or having studied the Veda; -½adhyâyin, a. id.; -½anadhyay ana, n. neglect of Vedic study; -½anuvak aná, n. repetition orrecitation of the Veda; Vedic doctrine.
vellana n. surging (of waves); rolling on the ground (of a horse).
vena a. (&isharp;) yearning, longing, eager, loving (V.); m. longing, desire, wish (V.); a divine being of the middle region, Indra or the sun (comm.), connected with the navel (Br.); N. of various men, among others of the father of Prithu (C.).
vaikartana a. relating or belonging to the sun (vikartana): -kula, n. solar race.
vaikaṅkata a. (î) belonging to, coming from, or made of the Vika&ndot;kata (Flacourtia sapida).
vaikakṣa n. [fr. vi-kaksha] garland hanging over the shoulder; upper garment, mantle: -ka, n. garland hanging over the shoulders.
vai post positive pcl. emphasizing the preceding word: rare in the Samhitâs, very common in Br. (often indicating the beginning of a clause) and E.; in S. gnly. only in the combination yadi½u vai; in E. and Manu vai is very common at the end of a pâda as a mere expletive; with other pcls.: vâ u (RV.); ha vaí, ha sma vai, eva vai (Br.); api vai, tu vai (C.).
vaidyuta a. belonging to or derived from lightning; flashing, brilliant (w. sikhin, m. fire of lightning); n. (?) fire of lightning: -krisânu, m. id.
vaidyādhara a. (î) relating or be longing to the Vidyâdharas.
vaideha a. (î) belonging to the country of Videha (á; V.); m. king of Videha (vaí-; V., C.); people of Videha (pl.); a mixed caste, offspring of a Vaisya and of a Brâh mana woman (in Manu) or of a Sûdra and a Vaisyâ, being a trader by occupation: î, f. princess of Videha, sp. Sîtâ; woman of the Vaideha caste; long pepper; a-ka, a. be longing to Videha; m. man of the Vaideha caste; trader; i-ka, m. merchant; î-ban dhu,m. friend or husband of Sîtâ, Râma; î-maya, a. (î) engrossed with Sîtâ and con sisting of long pepper.
vaideśika a. (î) belonging to an other country (videsa), foreign; m. stranger, foreigner; -ya, a. id.; n. separation in space.
vaindhya a. belonging to the Vindhya.
vaināyaka a. (î) belonging to or derived from Ganesa (Vinâyaka).
vairḷñca a. (î) relating or belonging to Brahman (viriñka).
vairāya den. Â. behave inimically, begin hostilities against (in., prati): i-târah, 3 pl. fut.; i-ta, (pp.) n. hostility.
vairāṭa a. relating or belonging to Virâta, king of the Matsyas.
vairāja a. belonging to or derived from Virâg; belonging or analogous to the metre Virâg, consisting of ten, decasyllabic; n. N. of a Sâman; -ya, n. extended sway.
vaiśasa a. [visasa] bringing death (day); n. slaughter, butchery; war, strife; outrage; destruction; distress, calamity; ruin (of affection).
vaivasvata a. (î) derived from the sun (vivasvat); relating or belonging to Yama Vaivasvata; relating to Manu Vaivasvata; m. pat. of Yama and of a Manu; -îya, a. connected with ManuVaivasvata.
vaiṣṇava a. (&isharp;) derived from, re lating, belonging, sacred, or devoted to Vishnu; m. worshipper of Vishnu; î, f. female energy of Vishnu (identified with Durgâ and Manasâ): (a)-tva, n.worship of or faith in Vishnu.
vaiśvānara a. (&isharp;) belonging to all men; universal, dwelling or worshipped everywhere, generally known (Agni, sacri fice; V., C.); consisting of all men, present in full numbers (V.); m. fire; sun, sunlight (V.); intellect conditioned by the aggregate (Vedânta phil.); N.: (a)-datta, m. N.; î-ya, a. relating to or treating of Vaisvânara.
vaiśvadeva a. (&isharp;) belonging, sacred etc. to all the gods or to the Visvedevas; n. a certain Sastra (Br., S.); a kind of Srâd dha, offering made by the householder morn ing and evening to the Visvedevas (C.): i-ka, a. belonging, sacred etc. to the Visvedevas; suitable for the Srâddha for all the gods.
vaihaga a. (î) belonging to a bird (vihaga).
vyabhicaraṇa n. uncertainty; -kâra, m. divergence, disconnexion; vari ability; failure; transgression, infidelity (esp. of a woman), towards (g., lc., --°ree;); change (in a-, unchangeable, unswerving); violation or neglect of (g.); extension beyond (--°ree;); -kâri-tâ, f. divergence; variability; -kâri tva, n. variability or multiplicity of mean ing; -kârin, a. straying from (--°ree;), deviating or diverging from (ab.); going astray, erring; unchaste, faithless (woman), towards (g.); changeable (opp. sthâyin, constant); violat ing, breaking (an agreement, --°ree;); -mâna, m. erroneous view; -hâsa, m. ridicule.
vyatikara m. [√ krî] mixture, blending, intermingling, contact, confluence, union; engaging in, undertaking (--°ree;); acci dent, misfortune, calamity: --°ree; a. combined or united with: -vat,a. mixed, of different kinds; -karita, den. pp. mixed with, per vaded by (in., --°ree;); -krama, m. passing by, deviating, swerving, or escaping from (g.); violation, infringement, neglect, or non performance of (g. or --°ree;); offence, transgression, against (g., --°ree;); inverted order (rare); -kramana, n. transgression against any one (--°ree;); -kramin, a. transgressing against any one (--°ree;); -krânta, pp. √ kram; n.transgression, offence; -krânti, f. transgression against (--°ree;); -rikta-tâ, f. difference; -reka, m. separateness; exclusion, exception; nega tive; contradistinction or opposition to; con trast, antithesis (rh.): in., ab., --°ree;, to the exclusion of, excepting, without (--°ree;); -rekin, a. excluding, negativing (--°ree;); -rekana, n. con trasting (in a comparison); -la&ndot;gin, a. slipping off; -sha&ndot;ga, m. reciprocal connexion, relation; entanglement; conflict (of armies); interchange (rare); -sha&ndot;gin, a. attached or clinging to (--°ree;); -hâra, m. interchange; alternation, reciprocity.
vyadhikaraṇa a. involving a different case-relation (Bahuvrîhi compound, the first member of which is not in apposition to the second; e.g. saravana-bhava, &open;having his origin in a forest of reeds&close;).
vyavaccheda m. severance from (in., --°ree;); separation, dispersion (in a-); ex clusion; distinction, discrimination; letting fly (an arrow): -ka, a. distinguishing; ex cluding; -kkhedya, fp. to be excluded; -dhâna, n. interposition, intervention (ord. my.); cover; distinction, discrimination; interruption; conclusion: -vat, a. covered with (--°ree;); -dhâyaka, a. (ikâ) intervening; interrupting, disturbing; -dhârana, n.speci fication; -dhi, m. covering; -sâya, m. strenu ous labour; resolution, resolve, determina tion, purpose, to (lc., prati, --°ree;): -vat, a. reso lute, determined, enterprising; -sâyin, a. id., energetic; -sita, pp. √ sâ; n.resolve, pur pose, enterprise; -siti, f. resolution, deter mination; -sthâ, f. respective difference, distinction; continuance in one place (rare); fixity, permanence; fixed limit (rare); deci sion, establishment, settled rule regarding (--°ree;); fixed relation of time or place (gr.); state, condition; case (rare); occasion, oppor tunity (rare): in. according to a fixed rule: lc. in every single case; -sthâna, n. per sistence, continuance, in (lc., --°ree;); steadfast ness; condition, sg. pl. circumstances; -sthâ paka, a. determining, settling, deciding; -sthâpana, n. encouraging; fixing, deter mining; -sthâpanîya, fp. to be determined; -sthita-tva, n. permanence, fixity;-sthiti, f. distinction; perseverance in (lc.); con stancy, steadfastness; fixity, permanence; fixed rule; -hartavya, fp. to be employed or used; n. imps. one should act or proceed; -hartri, m. one engaged on or occupied with (in.); transactor; judge.
vyasana n. [√ 2. as] wagging (of a tail); assiduity, in (lc.; rare); intense at tachment or devotion to, inordinate addic tion to (lc., --°ree;); passion, esp. evil passion, vice; favourite occupation, hobby; calamity, misfortune, disaster, distress, adversity (often pl.), need, evil plight (commonest mg.); de struction (of treasure), defeat (of an army), breaking (of weapons), accident in, evil effect of (--°ree;); setting (of sun or moon): -prasâr ita-kara, a. having the hand outstretched to inflict calamity; -brahma-kârin, m. com panion in misfortune; -vat, a. having suf fered injury in regard to (--°ree;); -½anvita, pp. involved in calamity;-½âpluta, pp. over whelmed with misfortune.
vaibhīṣaṇa a. belonging to Vibhî shana.
vyāsedha m. hindrance, interrup tion; -hata-tva, n. contradictoriness; -hati, f. logical contradiction; -hanasya, a. ex tremely lecherous (Br.); -hantavya, fp. to be transgressed; -harana, n.utterance; -har tavya, fp. to be told to (lc.); -hâra, m. utter ance, discourse, conversation; talk about (--°ree;); song (of birds); humourous remark (dr.): -maya, a. (î) consisting of speeches or dis courses about (--°ree;); -hârin, a. (--°ree;) speaking, talking; singing (bird); resounding with; -hâvam, abs. separating by the interposition of the Âhâva (Br.); (&asharp;)-hrita, pp. √ hri; n. speaking, talking, discourse; inarticulate speech (of animals), song (of birds); (&asharp;)-hriti, f. utterance, declaration, statement; mystical exclamation (of formulae consisting of dis connected words, esp. the three bhûr bhuvah svar).
vyāsaṅga m. attachment, adher ence; devotion to, longing for, passion for (lc., --°ree;); connexion (rare); distraction (rare).
vyālamba a. hanging down, pen dent; -lambin, a. id.; -lola, a. flickering, waving, tremulous; -lolana, n. moving to and fro; -½avakrosî, f. mutual abuse; -vart aka, a. (ikâ) removing, excluding;n. charac terisation: -tâ, f., -tva, n. exclusion; -várt ana, a. (î) removing, excluding; averting; n. turning (of a road; V.); coil (of a snake); -vartanîya, fp. to be taken back; -vartya, fp. to be removed or excluded.
śakti f. ability, capacity, power, strength, skill, to (g., lc., inf., --°ree;); efficacy (of a remedy etc.); regal power (which comprises the three elements, prabhâva, majesty, utsâha, energy, and mantra, counsel); active power or female energy of a deity (esp. of Siva); force of a word, signification, function, case-notion; creative power of a poet, imagination: in. saktyâ (± âtmaor sva-), according to ability; param saktyâ, with all one's might; saktim ahâpayitvâ, not re laxing one's efforts, exerting oneself to the utmost.
śatoti a. bringing a hundred aids (V.).
śataka a. (ikâ) consisting of a hun dred; hundredth; n. a hundred, century (construed like sata); -kritvas, ad. a hun dred times; -koti, 1. f. pl. a thousand mil lions; 2. m. (having a hundred points), In dra's thunderbolt; (á)-kratu, a. having a hundredfold power or counsel (V.); con taining a hundred sacrifices (Br.); m. N. of Indra (C.).: --°ree; with kshitietc., lord of earth, prince, king; -khanda-maya, a. (î) consist ing of a hundred rays; -gu, a. possessing a hun dred cows; -guna, a. a hundredfold, increased a hundred times, a hundred times stronger, more valuable or efficacious etc.: -m, ad. ahun dred times more than (ab.); -gunita,pp. in creased a hundredfold, a hundred times longer; -gunî-bhâva, m. hundredfold increase; -gunî-bhû, be multiplied a hundredfold; -gvín, a. hundredfold (RV.); -ghn&isharp;, f. of -han; (á)-kakra, a. hundred-wheeled (RV.1); -tamá, a. (&asharp;, î) hundredth; -traya, n., î, f. three hundred; -dala, n. lotus flower; -dru (-kâ), -drû, f. N. of a river (=V. sutu drî), now Sutlej; -dvâra, a. having a hundred exits (hole); -dhara, m. N. of a king;-dh&asharp;, ad. a hundredfold; into a hundred parts or pieces: with bhû, be divided into a hundred parts consisting of (g.); (á)-dhâra, a. 1. having a hundred streams; 2. having a hundred points or edges; m.thunderbolt (C.); -dhriti, m. ep. of Brahman and of Indra; -dhauta, pp. cleansed a hundredfold, perfectly clean; 1. -pattra, n. (°ree;--) a hundred leaves; a hundred vehicles; 2. (á)-pattra, a. having a hundred feathers orleaves (RV.1); m. woodpecker; peacock; n. day-lotus: -yoni, m. ep. of Brahman, -½âyata½îkshana, a. having long lotus-like eyes; -patha, a. hav ing a hundred paths, very many-sided; m. T. of a Brâhmana: -brâhmana,n. id.; (á)-pad, a. (-î; strg. base -pâd) hundred-footed; m., -î, f. centipede; (á)-parvan, a. hundred-jointed; (á)-pavitra, a. purifying a hundredfold (RV.1); -pâdaka, m. centipede; -pâla, m. overseer of a hundred (vil lages, g.); -buddhi, a. hundred-witted; m. N. of a fish; -brâhmana-ghâta-ga, a. (arising from=) equal to the guilt produced by the murder of a hundred Brâhmans; -bha&ndot;gî bhû, be varied in a hundred ways; -makha, m. ep. of Indra; (á)-manyu, a. having a hundredfold wrath; m. ep. of Indra (C.): -kâpa, m. n. rainbow; -mayûkha, m. (hundred-rayed) moon; (á)-mâna, a. hundredfold (V.); weighing a hundred (Raktikâs, comm.; V.); m.gold object weighing a hun dred Mânas; m. n. weight (or gift) of a hundred Mânas in gold or silver; -mukha, a. having a hundred openings or entrances; possible in a hundred ways (fall); (á)-yâtu, m. N.; -yogana-yâyin,a. travelling a hundred Yoganas; -râtra, m. n. festival of a hundred days; -rudríya, a. belonging or sacred to a hundred Rudras; -½rikin, m. pl. designation of the composers of Mand. I. of the Rig-veda; -laksha, n. a hundred lacs; -varsha, a. a hundred years old; lasting a hundred years; -sarkara, n. sg. hundred globules: -tâ, f. condition of a --; -sás, ad. in a hundred ways, in hundreds (referring to a nm., ac., or in.); a hundred times;(á)-sâkha, a. (â, î) having a hundred branches (also fig.); (á)-sârada, a. containing, be stowing etc. a hundred autumns (V.); n. period or age of a hundred years (V.); -sri&ndot;ga, a. hundred-peaked; -samkhya, a.numbering a hundred; -sani, a. gaining a hundred; -sahasra, n. sg. pl. a hundred thousand (w. g., app., or --°ree;); -s&asharp;, a. winning a hundred (RV.); -sâhasra, a. (î) amount ing to a hundred thousand, hundred thou sandfold; -séya, n. hundredfold gain (RV.1); -svín, a. possessing a hundred (RV.1); -hán, a. (-ghnî) slaying a hundred (V.): -ghnî, f. kind of deadly weapon; -hali, a. possess ing a hundred large ploughs; (á)-hima, a.living a hundred winters (V.); -hradâ, f. lightning.
śayālu a. sleeping, indulging in sleep.
śambhala m. N. of a locality; î, f. procuress: -ya, a. belonging or relating to a procuress.
śarabheda m. arrow-wound and failure of cream; -vana, n. thicket of reeds: -bhava, a. born in a thicket of reeds (god, =Kârttikeya), -½udbhava, m. ep. of Kârtti keya; -varsha, n. 1. shower of arrows; 2. shower of water, rain (pl.); -varshin, a. discharging water; -vega, m. (arrow-swift), N. of a steed.
śarīraka n. (--°ree; a. f. ikâ) a wretched tiny body; the wretched body; body (metr. for sarîra); -kartri, m., -krit, m. father; -karshana, n. emaciation of the body; -grahana, n. assumption of a bodily form; -ga, a. produced from, belonging to, per formed with the body, bodily; m. offspring, son; god of love; -ganman, a. id.; -tulya, a. (equal to=) dear as one's own body; -tyâga, m. abandonment of the body, renunciation of life; -danda, m. corporal punishment; -dhâtu, m. chief constituent of the body (flesh, blood etc.); -dhrik, m. corporeal being; -nipâta, m. collapse of the body, falling down dead; -nyâ sa, m. casting off the body, death; -pâta, m. collapse of the body, death; -pîdâ, f. bodily suffering; -prabhava, m. begetter, father; -baddha, pp. confined in a body, in carnate; -bandha, m. fetters of the body; assumption of a (new) body, rebirth: in. bodily (disappear); -bhâg, m. embodied being; -bheda, m. collapse of the body, death; -yashti, f. slender body, slim figure; -yâtrâ, f. sustenance of the body; -yoga-ga, a. produced from bodily contact; -vat, a.provided with a body; substantial; m. em bodied being; -vimokshana, n. liberation from the body, death; -vritta, pp. careful of his body or life; -vritti, f. maintenance of the body, support of life; -vaikalya, n. in disposition of body, distemper; -susrûshâ, f. personal attendance; -soshana, n. morti fication of the body; -samdhi, m. joint of the body; -sâda, m. bodily exhaustion, emacia tion; -stha, a. existing in the body; -sthiti, f.maintenance of the body.
śarāsana n. (discharging arrows), bow: -dhara, m. archer; -vid, a. skilled in archery.
śaśa m. [for original sasa] hare, rab- bit (which, as well as the antelope, the marks in the moon are supposed to resemble): -ka, m. (little) hare (C.): -vishâna, n. horn of a hare=an impossibility; -sisu, m.young of a hare.
śastrakarman n. surgical opera ation; -kali, m. duel with swords; -kopa, m. raging of the sword or war; -graha, m. taking to the sword, combat; -grâhaka, a. bearing arms, armed; -ghâta, m.stroke of the sword; -devatâ, f. goddess of war (only pl.); -dhârana, n. bearing of the sword; -nidhana, a. dying by the sword; -nir yâna, a. id.; -nyâsa, m. laying down of arms, abstention from war; -pâni, a. hold ing a sword in one's hand; -pânin, a. id. (metr.); -pâta, m. cut with a knife; -pra hâra, m. sword-cut; -bhrit, a. bearing arms, armed; m. warrior; -vat, a. armed with a sword; -vihita, pp. inflicted with a weapon; -vritti, a.living by the sword, following the profession of arms; -vrana-maya, a. consist ing in wounds caused by weapons; -sikshâ, f. skill with the sword; -sampâta, m. dis charge of missiles, conflict; -hata, pp. slain with the sword.
śākuna a. (î) belonging or relating to, derived from, birds (sakuna); m. bird catcher; n. augury: i-ka, m. bird-catcher, fowler; fisherman (U., rare).
śākala a. relating or belonging to, derived from, the Sâkalas or followers of Sâkalya; m. n. (=sákala) chip, piece (Br., S.); m. followers or school of Sâkalya (pl.); kind of serpent (Br.); n. text, manual, ritual etc. of Sâkalya; N. of a town in Madra: -homîya, a. belonging to the sacrifices ac cording to the Sâkalas (verses).
śākhāṅga n. limb of the body; -½âda, a. branch-eating; m. branch-eater (a class of animals such as goats or elephants); -nagara, n. suburb; -½antara, n. another Vedic school: -î-ya, a.belonging to --; -pa- su, m. victim tied to a branch (instead of to a sacrificial post); -prakriti, f. pl. secon dary (eight) kings to be considered in war (opp. mûla-prakriti); -bhrit, m. tree; -ma ya, a. consisting of branches of (--°ree;); -mriga, m. (branch animal), monkey; -rathyâ, f. branch or side road.
śākvara a. mighty (V.); belonging etc. to the Sâman Sâkvara or to the Sakvarî verses (V.); m. draught ox, bull (C.); n. kind of ceremony (S.); N. of one of the six chief Sâmans (based on the Sakvarî verses).
śākra a. (î) relating, belonging, or addressed to Indra: î, f. ep. of Durgâ (=In drânî); î-ya, a. id.; with dis, f. east.
śākya m. [pat. fr. saka] N. of a warrior tribe in Kapilavastu, which derived its origin from the sun, and in which Bud- dha was born: -pâla, m. N. of a king; -pu trîya, m. Buddhistic monk; -bhikshu,m. Buddhistic mendicant: -kî, f. Buddhistic mendicant nun; -muni, m. Ascetic of the Sâkyas, ep. of Buddha; -sâsana, n. religion of Buddha; -simha, m. Lion of the Sâkyas, ep. of Buddha.
śākta a. belonging or relating to, de rived from, the Saktis of Siva; m. teacher (RV.1); worshipper of the Saktis of Siva (C.).
śāṃkara a. (î) relating or belonging to Siva (Samkara); relating to or derived from Samkarâkârya: i, m. pat. of Skanda.
śākhin a. (C.) provided with branches; divided into schools or recen sions (Veda); adhering to a particular Vedic school; m. tree; adherent of a particular Vedic school (C., rare); -ila, m. N.; -îya,a. belonging to the school of (--°ree;).
śātrava a. hostile; m. enemy; -îya, a. belonging to the enemy, hostile.
śātamanyava a. (î) relating or belonging to Indra (Satamanyu): w. âsâ, f. east.
śāṃbhava a. (î) derived from, be longing, relating, or sacred to Sambhu (Siva): -îya, a. belonging to Siva.
śāmbara a. (î) belonging or pecu liar to Sambara; n. fight with Sambara (RV.1): î, f. magic: -silpa, n. magical art.
śārva a. (î) relating, belonging, or sacred to, derived from Sarva (Siva): with dis, f. east.
śārīra a. (î) made of bone (very rare); bodily, corporeal, belonging or relat ing to, being in the body (sarîra); w. danda, m. corporal punishment; n. excrement.
śālāturīya a. belonging to Salâtura; m. ep. of Pânini.
śāśa a. belonging to the hare (sasa): with mâmsa, n. flesh of the hare.
śāva m. [growing: √ 2. sû] young of an animal; 2. a. belonging to a corpse (sava), caused by a death (impurity); n. im purity produced by a corpse: -ka, m. young of an animal or bird.
śālibhavana n. rice-field; -bhû, f. id.; -vâhana, m. (rice-bearer), N. of a king, adversary of Vikramâditya, the date of his birth, 78 a. d., being the beginning of the Saka era; -samrakshikâ, f.female guardian of a rice-field; -hotra, m. poetical N. of the horse (receiving offerings of=fed on, rice); N. of a Rishi, regarded as the first authority on the horse; n. Sâlihotra's work on the horse: -gña, a. familiar with --.
śāstrin a. learned; m. scholar; -îya, a. taught in the Sâstras, belonging to theory (opp. practice), theoretical: -tva, n. fact of being prescribed in the Sâstras.
śiraḥstha a. borne on the head; hanging over one's head, imminent; -sthâna, n. chief place; -sthita, pp. being in the head, cerebral (sound); -snâta, pp. having bathed one's head.
śivatāti a. conducive to happi ness or welfare; f. prosperity; -datta, m. N.; -dâyin, a. conferring prosperity; -dâsa, m. N.; -dis, f. north-east; -pura, n., î, f. N. of various towns and villages; -bhakti,f. wor ship of Siva; -bhûti: -ka, m. N. of a minis ter; -mantra, m. Siva's verse; -maya, a. full of prosperity; entirely devoted to Siva; -yogin, m. Saiva monk; N.; -ratha, m. N.; -râtri, f. fourteenth (night=) day of the dark half of Phâlguna sacred to Siva; -râma, m. N.; -li&ndot;ga, n. phallus of Siva; -loka, m. Siva's world (on Kailâsa); -varman, m. N. of a minister; -sakti, m. N.; (á)-samkalpa, a. kindly disposed (V.); m. N. of the verses VS. 34, 1 sqq.; -sûtra, n. pl. the fourteen in troductory Sûtras of Pânini's grammar con taining the alphabet and ascribed to Siva; -svâmin, m. N.
śukriya a. containing pure juice (V.); n. brilliance (S.); N. of certain Sâ mans belonging to the Pravargya (pl.); the Pravargya section VS. 36--40 (S., C.).
śuṇṭhī f. (i metr.) dry ginger.
śubhācāra a. acting virtuously; -½âtmaka, a. (ikâ) well-disposed; -½ânana, a. beautiful-faced; -½arthin, a. desiring pros perity; -½âvaha, a. bringing prosperity, aus picious; -½âsaya, a. having a virtuous dis position; -½âsis, f. benediction; -½âsîr-vâda, m. utterance of a benediction; -½asubha, a. pleasant and (or) unpleasant; good and (or) evil; n. weal or woe; good and evil: -phala, a. resulting in good or evil.
śūkāra m. scaring with the cry sû (V.); (s&usharp;)-krita, pp. (V.) scared with the cry sû; n. urging, spurring of a horse (RV.1).
śṛṅga n. (--°ree; a. â, î) horn (also used for drinking and blowing); C.: elephant's tusk (rare); syringe (rare); mountain-top, peak; turret, pinnacle; horn of the moon; extreme end, tip (also AV.); height, acme, best of its kind; (horn=) self-sufficiency, pride (rare); first awakening of love (rare): -ka, (--°ree; a.) horn; syringe; -bhuga, m. N.; -rahita, pp. hornless; -vat, a. horned; peaked; -vera, m. N. of a snake-demon; n. fresh or dry ginger; -pura, n. N. of a town on the Ganges; -sata, n. pl. hundreds of peaks.
śṛṅgotpādana a. productive of horns; m. spell producing horns; -½utpâ dinî, f. N. of a Yakshinî producing horns and changing men into animals.
śaiśira a. (î) relating or belonging to the cold season; derived from or composed by Sisira: i, m. pat. fr. Sisira; î-ya, a. re lating to Saisiri.
śaiva a. (î) relating, belonging or sacred to, derived from Siva; m. worshipper of Siva: -tâ, f. condition of a Sivaite; -darsana, n. doctrine of the Sivaites.
śauna a. (î) belonging to a dog (svan).
śaudra a. belonging, relating or pecu liar to a Sûdra; born of a Sûdrâ.
śyāparṇa m. N.: pl. his descendants (V.): î-ya, a. belonging to the Syâparnas (Br.).
śraddhālu a. believing; vehe mently longing for (--°ree;); -vat, a. believing; agreeing, assenting.
śraddhā a. putting faith in, trusting (d.; V.); f. confidence, trust, faith, belief, in (lc., --°ree;), faithfulness, sincerity (V., C.); de sire, longing, for (lc., prati, inf., or gnly. --°ree;; C.); curiosity (V., C.): -m âkhyâhi nas tâvat, pray satisfy our curiosity and tell us.
śrutidvaidha n. conflict of Vedic precepts; -dhara, a. having a good memory (better sruta-); -patha, m. range of hearing, ear-shot; auditory passage, hearing: -m gam, pra½âp, or â-yâ, come to the ears: -ma dhura, a. pleasant to hear; -prasâdana, n. engaging the attention; -mat, a. having ears; learned (less correct for sruta-vat); supported by a Vedic passage; -mahat, a. great in learning; -mârga, m. way (=instrumen tality) of the ears; auditory passage, hear ing: °ree;-or in. by way of the ears: -m gam, come to the ears: -pravishta, pp. having en tered by way of the ears; -mûla, n. root of the ear; -vakana, n. Vedic precept; -visha ya, m. object of the sense of hearing, sound; range of hearing; -siras, n. leading passage of scripture.
ślatha a. loose, relaxed; slack, feeble (fig.): -lambin, a. hanging loosely; -½a&ndot;ga, a. having languid limbs; -½âdara, a. paying slight regard to (lc.).
śvaśura m. [by assimilation for original sva-sura] father-in-law: du. & pl. parents-in-law (pl. sts. for sg.): -ka, m. dear or poor father-in-law.
śvāśura a. (î) belonging to one's father-in-law.
śvāgra n. dog's tail; -½agina, n. dog's skin.
ṣaḍaṃśa m. sixth part: -bhâg, m. enjoyer of one-sixth; -amhri, m. (six-footed), bee; -akshara, a. (î) six-syllabled; -a&ndot;ga, n. pl. the six Vedâ&ndot;gas (-vid, a. knowing --); a. six-limbed; having six Vedâ&ndot;gas; -a&ndot;ginî, f. six-membered (=complete) army; -a&ndot;ghri, m. (six-footed), bee; -asîta, a. eighty-sixth; -asîti, f. eighty-six; -ahá, m. period of six days, sp. six days' Soma sacrifice; -ânana,°ree;--, six mouths (of Skanda); a. six-mouthed (Skanda); m. ep. of Skanda; -âyatana, a. consisting of the six Âyatana's (vigñâna, pri thivyâdi-katushtaya, rûpa); -âhuti, a. used in six offerings; -ûna, pp. diminished by six; -ûrmi, f. °ree;--, the six waves; -riká, m. n. aggregate of six verses.
sa inseparable pcl. °ree;-- expressing union, community, similarity, equality (opp. aprivative), generally in adjective compounds=1. possessing (e.g. sa-paksha, winged), wearing (e. g. sa-vâsas, clothed), containing (e. g. saphena, foaming), displaying (e. g. sa-hâsa, smiling); 2. accompanied by, together with (e. g. sa-bhârya); 3. in addition to, and (e. g. sa-pâdam panam, a Pana and a quarter); 4. belonging to the same (e. g. sa-varna), having a similar, resembling in (e. g. sa-rûpa); the adjective suffix -in is sts. added to these cpds. (e. g. sa-putrin=sa-putra).
sa prn. that, sts. weakened to an article, the (only nm. m. sá, f. s&asharp;, and in RV. lc. sasmin; the s of the nm. m. is always dropped before consonants except once in RV. before p and once before t; sa sts. coalesces with a following vowel); often strengthened by other prns. of the third person, ayám, eshá, and bhavân; often combined with the first and second pers. sg. (± ahám or tvám), so &zip; hám, I as such; in Br. it is frequently combined with the relatives, yáh, yád, yádi, and yáthâ, at the beginning of a sentence, and owing to this common initial usage, is often retained with relatives either pleonastically or where the construction requires another gender or number; in the Sâ&ndot;khya sa is used to designate Purusha (like esha, ka, and ya).
saṃvijñāna n. implication; knowledge: -bhûta, pp. generally known; -vitti, f. knowledge; perception, sense, of (--°ree;); 1. -víd, f. V., C.: consciousness, of (--°ree;); knowledge; understanding, agreement, cove nant, regarding (--°ree;; ord. mg.); C.: feeling, of (--°ree;); plan, scheme; conversation, about (--°ree;); established usage, custom; name; gratification: -am kri, sthâpaya, or vi-dhâ, make an agreement, with (in. ± saha, g.), to (d., inf.), regarding (--°ree;); -am la&ndot;ghaya or vi½ati-kram, break an agreement; 2. -víd, f. acquisition, property (V.); -vida, a. con scious (in a-, Br.); n. agreement (perh. incorr. for -vid); -vidhâ, f. arrangement, contriv ance, preparation; mode of life; -vidhâ tavya, fp. to be arranged, contrived, or man aged; n. imps. one should act; -vidhâtri, m. arranger, ordainer, creator, god; -vidhâna, n. arrangement, contrivance, preparation: -ka, n. peculiar mode of action; -vidhi, m. arrangement, preparation, provision; -vidhe ya, fp. to be brought about; -vibhagana, n. sharing with another; -vibhaganîya, fp. to be distributed among (d.); -vibhâga, m. par tition, sharing with others; bestowal of a share, on (d., lc.); bestowal or distribution of (--°ree;); causing to participate in (--°ree;); giving (an order, --°ree;); share: -m kri, Â. partici pate inanything (in.) with any one (g.): -sîla, a. accustomed to share with others; -vibhâgi-tva, n. virtue of sharing with others; -vibhâgin, a. accustomed to share with others, in the habit of sharing with (g.); receiving a share of (g.); -vibhâgya, a. to be presented with something; -vîta, pp. √ vyâ; n. clothing.
saṃvadana n. conversation, talk; -vánana, a. (î) V.: conciliating, propitiat ing; C.: encouraging (liberality, --°ree;); n. (V., C.) means of conciliation; subduing spell; -vara, m. n. incorr. for sambara;-várana, 1. m. N. (C.); n. enclosure (as place of sacri fice; V.); concealment, secrecy (C.); 2. n. (C.) choice (of a husband): -srag, f. wreath given by a girl to the man of her choice; -varanîya, fp. to be concealed; -vargá,a. √ vrig] rapacious (Agni; V.); -várgam, abs. snatching up, sweeping together (RV.); -varta, m. [rolling together: √ vrit] dense mass (of people); cloud charged with rain; end or dissolution of the world; N. (C.;á, RV.1): -ka, a. (rolling together), destroying all things at the end of the world (fire etc.); m. fire of universal destruction: pl. fires of hell; -vartikâ, f. (rolled up leaf=) young lotus petal; -vardhana, a. increasing, pro moting; m. N.; n. growing up (of a child); rearing (of a child); success; promoting; -vardhanîya, fp. to be reared (child); to be maintained (servants); to be increased or fos tered (virtue); -valana, n., â, f. (hostile) en counter; mixture, union; -vasati, f. dwell ing together; -vásana, n. dwelling-place (RV.1); (sám)-vasu, m. fellow-dweller (V.); -vaha, m. N. of one of the seven winds; -v&asharp;k, f. colloquy (V.); -vâdá, m. conversation (V., C.), with (in. ± saha, lc., --°ree;); agreement, conformity, correspondence, similarity, equal ity (C.): (a)-ka, a. agreeing; m. N.; -vâd ana, n. agreement; -vâdin, a. conversing; agreeing or harmonizing, with (g., --°ree;); -vâ ra, m. contraction of the vocal chords (in pronouncing a sound), obtuse articulation (opp. vivâra); impediment (v. r.); -vârya, fp. to be concealed; -vâsa, m. dwelling to gether, with (in. ± saha, --°ree;); cohabitation, with (--°ree;); settlement, dwelling; common abode (rare); -vâsin, a. 1. clothed in (--°ree;); 2. dwelling together; --°ree;, dwelling in, inha biting; m. fellow-dweller; -vâha, m. ex tortion, oppression: -ka, a.stroking (--°ree;); m., i-kâ, f. shampooer; -vâhana, n. passage (of clouds); stroking with the hand (±hasta-, of limbs etc., --°ree;); -vâhya, fp. to be borne; to be exhibited (in a-).
saṃsādhana n. preparation; per formance, accomplishment; -sâdhya, fp. to be accomplished; -obtained; conquerable; -sâra, m. transmigration, perpetual succes sion of births, cycle of existence, mundane existence (with all its sorrows): â samsârât, from the beginning of the world: -mandala, m. n. cycle of mundane existence, -mârga, m. path of life, -sâgara, m. ocean of worldly existence; -sârin, a. far-extending, compre hensive (intellect); transmigratory; m. living or human being; -siddhi, f. completion, ac complishment, fulfilment, success; perfection, in (--°ree;); -sûkana, n. manifestation, utterance (of a speech); -sríg, f. concussion (of battle; RV.1); -sriti, f.=-sâra, transmigration, etc.; -srishta, pp. √ srig; n. intimacy: -m kar, enter on intimate relations with (lc.); (sám) srishti, f. union (V.); combination of two figures of speech in one passage (C.); -srish- tin, a. again living in common after the partition of property.
saṃsakta pp. √ sañg: -tâ, f. con dition of having stuck, -yuga, a. yoked, harnessed, -vadana½âsvâsa, a. having her breath cleaving to her mouth, with suppressed breath; -sakti, f. intimate union, close contact, with (--°ree;); -sa&ndot;ga, m. connexion; -sa&ndot;gin, a. (-î) attached or adhering to, intimately associated with: -î-tva, n. close connection with (--°ree;); -sád, f. (sitting together), as sembly; court (of a king or of justice); company, multitude; -sarana, n. going about; transmigration, mundane existence (as a series of transmigrations); -sarga, m. union, connexion, contact, with (in., g., --°ree;); indulgence orparticipation in, contamination with (--°ree;); contact with the world of sense, sensual indulgence (pl.); social contact, as sociation, intercourse, with (in. ± saha, g., lc., --°ree;); sexual intercourse with (in. + saha, g., --°ree;): -vat, a. coming in contact or con nectedwith (--°ree;); -sargi-tâ, f. social relations; -sargin, a. connected, with (--°ree;); possessed of (--°ree;); -sargana, n. commingling, combina tion, with (in.); attaching to oneself, con ciliation of (g.); -sárpa, m. N. of the thir teenth month (V., C.); -sarpana, n. ascent, of (g.); creeping, gliding motion; -sarpad dhvaginî-vimarda-vilasad-dhûlî-maya, a. (î) filled with dust rising through the tramp of a marching army; -sarp-in, a. creeping along; swimming about; gliding over, ex tending to (--°ree;): (-i)-tâ, f. extension to (--°ree;); -sava, m. simultaneous Soma sacrifice of two neighbouring adversaries (Br., S.).
saṃśayita pp. √ sî; n. doubt, un certainty; -sayitavya, fp. dubious; -saya½u pamâ, f. comparison expressed in the form of a doubt; -sarana, n. taking refuge with any one; -sânti, f. extinction;-sita, pp. √ sâ: -vâk, a. speaking sharply, -½âtman, a. firmly resolved; -siti, f. sharpening (Br.); -sîta, a. cold; -sîti, f. doubt; -sîlana, n. practice; frequent intercourse with (in.); -suddhi, f. purity; -sushka, a. dried up, dry, withered, sere, emaciated; -soka-ga, a. produced from moist heat; m. vermin pro duced from damp heat; -sodhana, a. (î) purifying; n. purification; -sraya, m. con nexion, association with (g., --°ree;); league for mutual protection; refuge, shelter, protec tion, asylum; residence, habitation; reference, relation; resorting to (lc., --°ree;; rare); recourse, addiction or devotion to: ab. in consequence of (--°ree;); with the help of, by means of (--°ree;): --°ree; a. dwelling, living in, staying with (a teacher), standing in (a boat), being in or on, growing (tree) near; relating or referring to; devoted to, practising; -srayanîya, fp. to be resorted to, -taken refuge with: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -srayitavya, fp. to be sought refuge in (fortress); -srayin, a. having sought the protection or entered the service of any one; dwelling, resting or standing in, being in or on (--°ree;); m.dependent, servant; -srava, m. hearing; ear-shot (lc. within hearing of, g.); promise; -sravana, n. hearing, -about (--°ree;); ear-shot: lc. within hearing, aloud; (sám)- srita, pp. √ sri; m. dependent, servant: -vat, pp. act. clinging to, having wedded (in.); -sri tavya, fp. incorr. for -srayitavya; -slish- ta-karman, a. in whose actions good and evil are not kept apart, indifferent as to the morality of his actions; -slesha, m. con nexion, union, contact, with (in., --°ree;); em brace: -m labh, attain; -sleshana, n. con necting; means of binding together, bond; -sleshin, a. connecting.
saṃśaya m. [√ sî] doubt, dubious ness, uncertainty, misgiving, hesitation (re garding, prati, lc., --°ree;); doubtful matter; dan ger, risk, to (g., lc., --°ree;): with following pot., it is doubtful whether; na½asti (atra) sam- sayah, na½atra samsayah, na samsayah (very common) and na hi samsayah, at the end of a sentence, there is no doubt, without doubt: -kara, a. (î) productive of risk to (--°ree;); -kkhedin,a. clearing away all doubt, deci sive; -kkhedya, fp. requiring to be cleared of doubt (lawsuits); -½âtma-ka, a. subject to doubt, dubious (expedient); -½âtman, a. in dulging in doubt, irresolute.
saṃstha a. standing, staying, resting, existing, or contained in (lc., gnly. --°ree;); being in or with=belonging to (lc. or --°ree;); based or dependent on (--°ree;); being in possession of (--°ree;); lasting (--°ree;; rare); á, m. (RV.): only lc. in the midst or presence of (g.); -sth&asharp;, f. remaining or abiding with (--°ree;; E., rare); form, appearance (C.); established order, standard, rule (C.); condition, state, nature (C.); completion, conclusion (V.); end, death (P.); complete liturgical course (being the basis of a sacrifice; the Gyotishtoma, the Haviryagña, and Pâkayagña consist of seven such forms); spy in one's own country (rare): --°ree; a. a, having the form of, appearing as; -sthâna, n. position, situation in a place (--°ree;); standing firm (in battle); existence; life; strict adherence to (--°ree;); abode; public place in a town; form, shape, appearance (ord. mg.; often with rûpa); condition, state, nature (rare); aggregate (rare): -vat, a. ex isting; having various forms; -sthâpaka, a. establishing; -sthâpana, n. fixing, setting up, erecting; establishment, of (g., --°ree;); re gulation of (--°ree;): â, f. cheering up, encourage ment; -sthâpayitavya, fp. to be cheered or consoled; -sth&asharp;pya, fp. C.: to be placed in (subjection) to (g.); -impressed on the mind (lc.) of (g.); V.: to be concluded (sacrifice); (sám)-sthiti, f. C.: union with (in., lc.); standing or resting on (lc., --°ree;); position; abid ing, residence in (lc.); duration, continuance; perseverance (rare); attaching importance to (lc.); existence, possibility, of (g., --°ree;); form; established order; condition, nature; V.: conclusion (rare); P.: end, death (rare).
saṃskāra m. [√ kri] preparation, dressing (of food); refining (of metals etc.); polishing (of gems); cleansing, purifying; embellishment, decoration, adornment; rear ing (of animals or plants); toilet, attire (rare); correct formation or use (of a word); train ing, education; correctness (of pronuncia tion or expression); purificatory rite, domes tic consecration (applicable to all members of the first three castes), sacrament; sacrament of the dead, cremation (rare); mental impres sion (left by causes no longer operative and sts. dating from a previous birth; there are three kinds, vega, impulse, sthiti-sthâpaka, elasticity, andbhâvanâ, reproductive ima gination); after-effect; creation of the mind (regarded by it as real though actually non existent, such as material phenomena and all connected therewith; B.): -tâ, f. abst. n. of a cpd. ending insamskâra (=mental impres sion); -tva, n. decoration: kakshushâm samskâra-tvam sam-âp, become a feast to the eye; -nâman, n. sacramental name (= our baptismal name); -maya, a. (--°ree;) con sisting in the consecration of (rite); -vat, a. grammatically correct; -visishta, pp. better prepared (food).
saṃhat f. [putting together: √ han] layer, pile (RV.1); -hata, pp. (√ han) com pact etc.: -tâ, f. close contact; union, -tva, n. id.; compactness; complexity; -hati, f. closure; compactness (of body); economy (rare); combination, joint effort, union, con nexion, with (in.; ord. mg.); seam; mass, bulk, heap, assemblage, multitude: -sâlin, a. dense; -hanana, a. compact, firm; n. compactness, robustness; steadfastness; body; -hantri, m. uniter; -harana, n. seizure; gathering in, reaping; magical bringing back of discharged missiles; destruction; -har tavya, fp. to be collected; -re-arranged; destroyed (lit. -withdrawn, opp. emitted or created); -hartri, m. destroyer; -harsha, m. thrill; joy, delight; rivalry, jealousy; -harsh ana, a. (î) causing horripilation; gladden ing; n. rivalry, jealousy; -harshin, a. de lighting (--°ree;); jealous; -hâta, m.conciseness (of style; v. r. sam-ghâta); -hâra, m. collect ing, accumulation; collection; contraction (of the organs of speech), retraction (of a trunk); magical withdrawal of a discharged missile, magical means of drawing back a discharged missile; condensation, compendium; destruc tion of the world (ord. mg.: withdrawal, opp. emission, creation); destruction; con clusion, end (of a play, act, etc.): -kâla, m. time of the world'sdestruction: â-ya, den. Â. appear like the time of the world's destruc tion; -hâra-varman, m. N.; -hârin, a. (--°ree;) destroying (withdrawing what was created); -hârya, fp. to be removed, checked, or stop ped (in a-); to be led astray, corruptible (in a-); to be caused to participate in, having a claim on (ab.).
sakalika a. provided with buds; -kala½indu, m. full moon; -kalpa, a. includ ing the Kalpas (sacrificial Sûtras); -kasmîra, a. together with Cashmere; -kashâya, a. dominated by passion; -kâkola,a. together with the hell Kâkola; -kâtara, a. cowardly, dastardly; (sá)-kâma, a. satisfying desires (rare); having one's wish fulfilled, satisfied; consenting, willing (girl); desiring (--°ree;); full of love, enamoured; amorous (speech); -kâra, 1. m. letter s; a. incorr. for sâkâra; 2. a. ac tive, courageous; -kârana-ka, a. (ikâ) due to a specific cause; -kâsa, m. (visibleness), pre sence, vicinity: ac. -m, to (gnly. a prs.; w. vbs. of coming, going, taking, or sending); lc. in the presence of, before, near; ab. or -tas, from (come, go, be produced, deprive of, be freed from, hear, ask, buy; w. g. or --°ree;); -kâ shâya, a. wearing a brownish-red garment; -kutumba, a.together with his family; -kutûhala, a. impelled by curiosity: -m, ad. with curiosity; -kula, a. along with his family; m.=nakula, ichneumon (as a pun): -ga, a. belonging to the same family as (g.); -kulya, a. id.; m.relation; -kusa, a. hold ing Kusa grass in one's hand; -kusu ma½âstarana, a. strewn with flowers.
saṃkāra m. sweepings; (sám)-kâsa, m. appearance (V.): --°ree; a. having the appear ance of, looking, resembling; -kîrna, pp. √ krî; n. confusion (of sentences): â, f. kind of riddle; -kîrna-tâ, f.deranged order of words in a sentence; -kîrtana, n. mentioning; reciting; praising, extolling; -kula, a. [√ krî] filled or thronged with, mingled with, occu pied or provided with, abounding in, pos sessed of, afflicted with (in., --°ree;); dense (smoke); violent (wind); disordered, con fused; impeded, hampered; n. throng, crowd; tumult of battle; trouble, distress; -kulî kri, gather together; throw into confusion; (sám)-kriti, a. arranging(V.); m. N.; f. a metre; (later) any metre of 4 X 24 syllables; -klipti, f. volition.
saṃkalpa m. resolve of the mind (manas), will, purpose, definite intention, determination, desire (for, to, etc., d., le., --°ree;): °ree;--, = by the mere wish, according to desire, for a particular purpose: -ga, a. ori ginating in the will, produced by the mere will; arising from interested motives; m. desire; love; -ganman, a. produced from desire; m. love, god of love; -mûla, a. based on interested motives; -yoni,a. originating in mere will; m. (produced from desire), love, god of love; -vat, a. possessing decision.
sagaṇa a. attended by a troop, sur rounded by (in.; V.); attended by his retinue (C.); -gadgada, a. falteringly uttered: -m, ad. falteringly; -gadgada-gir, a. with a faltering voice; -gandha, a. smelling; having the same smell as (in., --°ree;); related (Pr.); proud (v. r. -garva); (sá)-gara, m. [pro vided with moisture], atmosphere, air (V., rare); N. of a mythical king of Ayodhyâ, whose 60,000 sons while digging up the earth to recover a sacrificial horse, were burnt by the sage Kapila; the Ganges, brought down from heaven by Bhagîratha, a descendant of Sagara, to purify their remains, flowed with their ashes into the sea, which was called Sâgara in their honour (C.): pl. the sons of Sagara; -garbha, a. pregnant, by (in., ab.); (sá)-garbh-ya, a. born from the same womb; -garva, a. exulting, arrogant; proud of (lc., --°ree;): -m, ad. proudly; -guna, a.furnished with a string; together with the string; possessed of qualities or virtues; -gun-in, a. virtuous (rare); -gulika, a. along with a pill; -gotra, a. being of the same kin, related to (g., --°ree;); -gauravam, ad. with dignity.
saṃgraha m. seizing, grasping; keeping, retaining; obtainment (pattra-, of leaves); taking (of food); magical with drawal of discharged missiles; collecting, gathering; accumulation, store; bringing together, assembling (of men); complete enumeration; collection, totality, complete compendium, summary, epitome (ord. mg.); inclusion (rare); restraining, controlling (rare); guarding, protection, of (g.); ruler (E.); propitiation, kind treatment, enter tainment: in. completely, entirely; in., ab. summarily, briefly; -grahana, n. acquisi tion; collecting, accumulation; encasing, setting in (--°ree;, of a jewel); restraining; pro pitiation (also V., -gráh-); adultery, with (--°ree;); -grahanîya, fp. to be directed towards (lc.); -grahin, m. collector; -grahîtrí, m. charioteer.
saṃgīta n. chorus, singing accom panied by instrumental music, concert; song: -ka, n. id.: -griha, n. concert-room; -ves man, n., -sâlâ, f. id.; -½artha, m. burden of a concert.
saṅgin a. attached, adhering or clinging to (--°ree;); touching, coming in con tact with (--°ree;); fond of, devoted to (g., lc., --°ree;); worldly.
sajjana a. [√ sañg] hanging from (the neck, --°ree;).
sajja a. [by assimilation fr. sa-gya] provided with a string, strung (bow,=ready for use); placed on the bowstring (arrow); equipped, prepared, ready, for, to (d., lc., inf., --°ree;; ord. mg.): -ka, a. (i-kâ) ready (--°ree;); m. N.; -karman, n. stringing a bow; -tâ, f. readiness for (prati).
sajala a. watery, wet, moist: -naya na, a. watery-eyed (peacock), -prishata, a. having drops of water; -gâgara, a. waking, not asleep; -gâtá, a. related (V.); m. kins man, countryman (V.); -gâti, a.belonging to the same caste, of the same kind, similar; -gâtîya, a. id.; -gâtyã, a. akin (V., C.); n. like descent, kinship; -gâni, a. together with his wife; -gâmi, a. incorr. for -gâni; -gâra, a. together with her paramour;-gâla, a. having a mane; -gîva, a. animate, living, alive; provided with a bowstring: -tâ, f. living condition; possession of a bowstring.
saṃjighṛkṣu des. a. intending to collect; -epitomise; -giti, f. complete victory (V.); -gîva-ka, a. (ikâ) animating; m. N. of a bull: ikâ, f. N.; -gîvana, a. (î) animating, bringing to life; m. a hell; n.animation, life: î, f. T. of Mallinâtha's commentaries on the Kumârasambhava, Me ghadûta, and Raghuvamsa; -gîvin, a. ani mating, bringing to life; m. N. of a minister of the crow-king Meghavarna: -î, f.=-gîvanî.
saṃcaya m. sg. & pl. accumulation, hoard, store, wealth, quantity, collection; gathering, collecting (rare): d. in order to have more; -kayana, n. gathering, collecting; -kaya-vat, a. possessed of wealth, rich; -kay ika, a. having provisions (only --°ree;); -kará, a. go ing about (mûrti-, with a body=incarnate); together, simultaneous (V.); m. place for walk ing, road, path, passage; evolution (in Sâ&ndot; khya phil.); -kárana, a. (î) suitable for going on, passable, converging (V.); n. navigation (of the sea: ac.; RV.); motion, from (ab.), in (lc., --°ree;), by means of (--°ree;); -karishnu, a. moving about, roaming; -karvana, n. chew ing; -kalana, n. trembling, quaking; -kâra, m. walking about, wandering, roaming, driv ing; motion; transit, passage; entrance, portal; transition or transference to (--°ree;); track (of wild animals), road (rare): -ka, m.guide; -kâranîya, fp. to be wandered through; -transferred to (lc.); -kârita, cs. pp. (√ kar) set in motion, worked; -kârin, a. (n-î) walk ing about, wandering, roaming, moving, mov able (in, lc., --°ree;); penetrating into (--°ree;); trans mitted, infectious, hereditary (disease); com ing in contact with, contiguous to (in.); carried with one (umbrella); being in, en gaged with (--°ree;); accessory (sentiment, etc.); taking with one (--°ree;);-kârya, fp. accessible (in a-); produced by (--°ree;); -kikîrshu, des. a. intending to perform; -kiti, f. piling; col lecting, saving; -kintya, fp. to be considered; -regarded as (-vat); -kinu½âna-ka, a. oc cupied with collecting(wealth); -keya, fp. to be accumulated; -kodayitavya, fp. to be urged on; -khettri, m. dispeller (of doubts).
satata a. [con-tinued, pp. √ tan] con tinual (°ree;--); °ree;-or -m, ad. constantly, con tinually, always, for ever: with na, never: -ga, -gati, m. (always going), wind; -dhriti, a. ever resolute; -yâyin,a. always moving or changing.
sat s-át ] pr. pt. √ as (-&isharp;) existing, existent, present; being anywhere (lc.); belonging to (g.); enduring, lasting (world); being (with attributes, ads. and often added to a pp., sts. to a pr. pt.); actual, real, genuine; right; good, virtuous: vibhave sati, when there is money, supposing he has the means; vinâse nâse vâ sati, whether loss or death occur; nâmni krite sati, the ceremony of naming having been performed; tathâ sati, it being so, this being the case; °ree;--=sa-, possessed of etc.; m. pl. living beings (RV.); good, virtuous or educated men, sages (often °ree;--; C.); n. the really existent, entity, real world (V., C.); good, advantage (V., C.); terminations of the present participle (gr.): -kri, (C.) put in order, prepare; garnish, adorn; honour, receive or treat hospitably; pay the last honours to (ac.) by cremation etc. (E.); hold in honour (E.): pp. adorned with (--°ree;); honoured, treated hospitably.
satkathā f. good conversation or tale; -kartri, m. benefactor; -karman, n. good work, virtuous act; a. performing good actions; -kalâ, f. fine art; -kavi, m. good or true poet: -tva, n. true poetic gift;-kâra, m. sg., pl. kind treatment, hospitable recep tion, hospitality; praise, favour (of a king, --°ree;): -½arha, a. worthy of hospitable treat ment; -kârya, fp. effected; deserving of honour or hospitality; n. necessary exist ence of the effect (as inherent in the cause: in Sâ&ndot;khya phil.): -vâda, m. theory of the actual existence of the effect, -vâdin, m. ad herent of this theory; -kâvya, n. good poem; -kîrti, f. good reputation; a. having a --; -kula, n. good or noble family; a. belonging to a --; -krita, pp. honoured, treated hos pitably; n. honourable reception; -kriti, f. kind treatment, hospitable reception, hos pitality; -kritya, gd. having entertained hospitably; -kriyâ, f. putting in order, pre paration (rare); sg., pl. kind treatment, hos pitable reception, hospitality (ord. mg.); cele bration (of a wedding, --°ree;); -kshetra, n. good field.
satuhina a. icy, wintry; -tûrya, a. accompanied by music: -m, ad. to the accompaniment of music; -trishnam, ad. with longing, yearningly; (sá)-tegas, a. at tended with splendour etc. (V.).
satिtran m. performer of a Sattra, celebrater of a feast (V., C.); a. disguised (C.); -íya, a. belonging etc. to a long sacrificial session (V.).
sadātana a. everlasting; -dâna, a. 1. perpetually giving; 2. perpetually dis charging temple-juice.
sadasya a. belonging to or being in the sacrificial shed; m. member of a (sacri ficial) assembly; assistant at a sacrificial session (occupying the Sadas and only look ing on during the rites).
saṃtakṣaṇa n. biting sarcasm: vâk- samtakshanais, by cutting speeches; -tata, pp. √ tan: -varshin, a. raining continuously; (sám)-tati, f. V., C.: continuity, continuance, duration; C.: causal connexion of things; continuous series or flow, quantity, multi tude; density of --dense (darkness, --°ree;); con tinuation of a family, offspring (ord. mg.); race, lineage; continued meditation (rare); -tan-i, a. prolonging (Br.): í, m. or f. sound, music (RV.); -tamasa, n. (general) darkness; -tárana, a. taking across (a danger; V.); n. (C.) crossing (also fig.); -targana, a. scold ing, threatening; n. threat, revilement; -tarp ana, a. refreshing, invigorating; n. means of strengthening.
saṃdhā f. V.: compact, agreement; C.: promise; intention; limit; -dhâtavya, fp. to be entered into an alliance with; n. imps. one (in.) should form an alliance, with (saha); -dh&asharp;na, a. uniting, healing (rare); m. N. of a minister; n. joining, uniting; junction, union; bringing together, assem bling; point of contact, joint; fixing an arrow (on the bowstring, in.); combination of words (sts.=samdhi, euphonic coalescence); recon cilement, conclusion of peace, alliance, league, friendly relations, with (in. ± saha); com pounding, mixing, distilling: -m âyâtah, having received admission (messenger); -dhâ nîya, fp. to be entered into an alliance with; -dhâ-ya, gd. having come to terms (with an opponent): -gamana, n. march --, -½âsana, n. halt, after terms have been agreed upon; -dhâyin, a. fixing arrows; -dhârana, n. bearing, in (--°ree;); holding together, support ing (life, --°ree;); -dhâranîya, fp. to be main tained or kept alive; -dhârya, fp. to be borne; -kept (servant); -maintained or observed.
saṃdhyārāga m. twilight glow; -vandana, n. morning or evening prayers; -vâsa, m. N. of a village; -vidhi, m. morn ing or evening prayers; -sa&ndot;kha-dhvani, m. sound of a shell blown at the beginning of twilight; -samaya, m. period of twilight, evening-tide; -½upasthâna, n. worship of twilight.
saṃdhyāṃśa m. (twilight-portion), evening twilight of a Yuga or cosmic age; -kâla, m. period of twilight, evening tide; -kârya, n. morning and evening pray ers; -kâlika, a. belonging to evening; -tva, n. condition of twilight; -payoda, m. rain cloud in the twilight; -prayoga, m. morning or evening prayers; -bali, m. offering presented at twilight; -½abhra, m. rain-cloud in the twi light; -maya, a. (î) consisting of twilight.
sapadi ad. on the spot, instantly, in a moment; -padma, a. provided with lotuses: -ka, a. provided with a lotus and splendid (padmâ = srî); -parâkrama, a. mighty; -parikrama, a. accompanied byone's retinue; -parikkhada, a. together with one's belongings, -goods and chattels; -pa ritosham, ad. with satisfaction; -parivâra, a. together with one's retinue; -parihâsa, a. jocose.
saptanavata a. ninety-seventh; -pattra, a. seven-leaved; yoked with seven horses; m. a tree (Alstonia scholaris; = -kkhada); (á)-pad, a. (-î) taking seven steps (with which an alliance or marriage is con cluded); concluded, confirmed; (á)-pada, a. taking seven steps (with which an alliance or marriage is concluded); consisting of seven Pâdas: î, f. seven steps: -karana, n. ratification of a marriage by the seven steps taken by the bride; -parna, m. (seven leaved) a tree (Alstonia scholaris = -kkhada); -palâsa, a. consisting of seven leaves; -bha&ndot; g&ibrevcirc;-naya, m. method of the seven formulas beginning with &open;perhaps&close; (syât) in the scep tical dialectics of the Jains; -bhûmika, a. id.
sabhaktikam ad. devotedly; -bhaya, a. terrified, frightened; afraid of (--°ree;): -m, ad. with fear or terror; -bhas man, a. mixed with ashes; -bhasma½a&ndot;gin, a. covering one's body with ashes (of cow-dung).
sabhya a. belonging to, suitable for, present in, an assembly; C.: fit for society, polite, courteous, refined (speech); m. (C.) assessor, councillor, judge; member of good society, refined person; partner, fellow-player: --°ree; a. living at the court of: -½itará, a. un refined, coarse (conversation).
samad f. [raging together], strife, battle (V.; often lc. pl.): -am kri or dhâ, cause strife among or between (d.); -mada, a. intoxicated, excited with passion; rutting; -mádana, n. conflict (RV.1); a. (C.)ena moured; provided with Madana trees.
samārādhana n. gratification, propitiation; means of propitiating any one (g.); -rurukshu, des. a. wishing to ascend to (ac.); -ropa, m. placing in (lc.); stringing (a bow); transference to (lc.); attribution; -ropana, n. transference; stringing (of a bow); -róhana, m. ascent, to (g.; Br.); n. (C.) ascending to (--°ree;); growth (of hair).
samānakartṛka a. having the same subject (gr.); -karma-ka, a. having the same object; -karman, a. expressing the same action; -kâraka, a. making all things equal (time); -kâla, a.simultaneous; of equal length or quantity (vowel); -grâma, m. same village: î-ya, a. belonging to the same village; (á)-ganman, a. having the same origin (Br.); of equal age (C.); (á)-tas, ad. uniformly (RV.1); (á)-tâ, f.equality, with (g., --°ree;); -tva, n. equality, with (in.); -dharman, a. having the same qualities, similar, to (in.); -prasiddhi, a. having equal success; (á) bandhu, a. (f. id.) having the same kin, akin; -bala, a. of equal strength; -mâna, a. equally honoured with (in.); -mûrdhan, a. (nî) equal-headed; -rukí, a. agreeing in tastes; -rûpa, a. having the same colour, as (g., --°ree;); having the same appearance as (--°ree;); -vayas: -ka, a. of the same age; -vidya, a. possessing equal knowledge: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -vrata-bhrit, a. leading a similar life; -sîla, a. having a similar character; -sukha-duh kha, a. having joys and sorrows in common; -sthâna, a. being in the same place; occu pying the same position (in the mouth); -½akshara, n. simple vowel (short or long); -½adhikarana, n. grammatical agreement with (a case, --°ree;); a. involving the same case relation as (in., --°ree;); relating to the same subject; -½artha, a. having the same object in view; having the same meaning, as (in., --°ree;): -tva, n. identity of meaning, -prayog ana, a. having a common object and purpose.
samābhāṣaṇa n. conversa tion with (--°ree;); -mnâta, pp. √ mnâ; n. enu meration; -mnâtri, m. editor of the Veda; -mnâna, n. enumeration, list; -mnâya, m. id.; literary work; edition of the Veda; sacred scripture; -½ay-ín, a. (Br.) occurring at the same time; attainable by many at the same time (world: in a-); -yoga, m. union, connexion, conjunction, contact, with (in.± saha, --°ree;; ord. mg.); equipment, preparation: -vidheh, conjuncture of fate; ab. by con nexion with = by means of, owing to (--°ree;); -rambha, m. undertaking, enterprise; en terprising spirit (rare); beginning, com mencement (rare); -rambhana, n. grasping; unguent (=-lambhana).
samāvartana n. return home (of a pupil after the completion of his reli gious studies); -vaha, a. bringing, producing (--°ree;); -(â)vâya, m. metr. for -(a)vâya; -vâ sa, m. abode, habitation; -vritti,f.=-âvar tana; -vesa, m. entering; absorption in (--°ree;); simultaneous occurrence, co-existence (ord. mg.); agreement with (--°ree;); -sraya, m. con nexion with (--°ree;); shelter, refuge, asylum (ord. mg.); dwelling-place, habitation; re lation, reference (rare); resorting to (--°ree;): ab. in consequence of, owing to; a. (--°ree;) dwelling or situated in; relating to; -sraya- na, n. resorting or attaching oneself to (--°ree;); -srayanîya, fp.to be sought refuge with; taken service with; m. master (opp. samâ srita, servant); -srayin, a. occupying, ob taining possession of (--°ree;); -srita, pp. √ sri; m. servant: -tva, n. having betaken oneself to (the protection of, --°ree;); -slesha, m. em brace; -svâsa, m. recovery of breath, relief, encouragement; consolation; -svâsana, n. encouraging, comforting; consolation; -svâs ya, fp. to be consoled.
samudriya a. belonging to or flowing into the sea (V.).
samudanta a. rising above the edge, about to overflow (V.); -aya, m. union, junction (of forces); combination, aggregate; income, revenue (rare); success (rare): -m kri, collect or assemble (an army); -âkâra, m. presentation, offering, of (--°ree;); good or courteous behaviour; intercourse with (in.); address; -âya, m. combination, collection, aggregate, whole; genus (elephant); -âyin, a. combining, forming an aggregate; -ita mukha, a. with one voice, all at once; -ga, m. round casket; kind of artificial stanza (in which the two halves are identical in sound but different in meaning, e.g. Kirâtâr gunîya XV, 16): -ka, m. n. round casket; -gama, m. rise (of the sun), rising (of dust, of the breast); -danda, a. uplifted (arm); -desa, m. exposition, doctrine; locality, place; -dhata, pp. √ han: -lâ&ndot;gûla, a. cocking his tail; -dharana, n. upraising, extrication; removal; -dhartri, m. deliverer from (the ocean, danger, ab.); extirpator; -dhâra, m. extraction; rescue; removal, destruction; -bandhana, n. hanging up: âtmanah --, hanging oneself; -bodhana, n.resuscitation; -bhava, m. production, origin; appearance: --°ree; a. arising or produced from, being the source of; -bhâsana, n. illuminating; -bhe da, m. development; source; -yama, m. lift ing up; exertion, effort, labour, setting about (d., lc., --°ree;); -yamin, a. exerting oneself, strenuous; -yoga, m. employment, use (rare); preparation, equipment; energy; concurrence (of causes).
samutka a. longing for (--°ree;); -kantak ita, pp. with bristling hair, thrilled; -kan- thâ, f. longing for (--°ree;); -karsha, m. laying aside (of a girdle); higher rank, exalted posi tion; pre-eminence, excellence; -kskepa, m. throwing out a hint, allusion to (d.); -târa, m. getting over, deliverance from (--°ree;); -tu&ndot; ga, a. lofty; -tegana, n. inciting, instigat ing; -tha, a. arising, sprung, produced, or derived from (ab., gnly. --°ree; w. a word in the ab., sts. lc., sense); appearing in (--°ree;); -thâna, n. rising, getting up; hoisting (of a flag); augmentation of (property, g.); swelling of (the stomach, g.); undertaking, occupation, activity; healing: sambhûya or ekîbhûya --, common enterprise, partnership; --°ree; a. arising or produced from; -patana, n. flying up together; -patti, f. origin, produc tion; -panna, pp. produced, arisen; -pâda, m.production; -pâdya, fp. to be produced or caused; -piñga, m. confusion, disorder; -pîdana, n. pressing, squeezing; -phulla, pp. opened wide (eyes); -sarga, m. discharge (of urine etc.); emission (of semen): -m kri, have sexual intercourse with (lc.); -sâra-ka, a. dispersing, driving away; -sârana, n. id.; dispelling, removing; -sâha, m. energy: -tâ, f. alacrity in (lc.); -suka, a. agitated, un easy, anxious; longing for (--°ree;), eager to (inf.; ord. mg.); -tâ, f. desire, longing, -tva, n. agitation; yearning emotion; -suka-ya, den. P. fill with yearning; -sedha, m. height.
saṃbaddham ad. moreover, in ad dition; -bandha, m. collection (rare); con nexion, relation (with, to, in. ± saha, --°ree;); connexion by marriage, matrimonial alliance, relationship, friendship, intimacy (with, in. ± saha, lc., --°ree;); kinsman; friend, ally; --°ree; often incorr. for sambaddha: -ka, n. rela tionship etc.; bad reading for -ga; -bandh in, a. connected, -with, relating or belonging to (g., --°ree;); united with, possessing (--°ree;, rare); related, connected by marriage; m. relation, connexion: (-i)-tâ, f. belonging; connexion with, relation to (in., --°ree;); relationship, con nexion by marriage, (-i)-tva, n. connexion with, relation to (in., --°ree;); -bâdhá, m. C.: throng, crowd; contracted space; pressure, distress, affliction (V., E.): a. (C.) narrow, contracted; crammed with (in.); --°ree;, crowded, thronged or blocked up with, abounding in, full of; -buddhi, f. calling to any one; (end ing of) the vocative singular; -bodha, m. knowledge, understanding; -bodhana, a. awakening (rare); n. perceiving, noticing; recognising; reminding; calling, to any one (g.); (ending of) the vocative singular; -bodhya, fp. to be enlightened or instructed.
sayatna a. exerting oneself, active; endeavouring to (inf.); -yâvaka, a. dyed with lac; -y&asharp;van, a. (r-î) going together, with (in.), accompanying (RV.); -yúg, a. united (V.); m. companion (V.);(sá)-yûth-ya, a. belong ing to the same herd (V.); -yoga, a. pos sessed of Yoga; (sá)-yoni, V. a. having a common origin, with (in.): -tâ, f. identity of origin etc. (Br.), -tvá, n. id. (V.); -yau vana, a. youthful.
saṃpratipatti f. obtainment, acquirement; correct conception, understand ing; agreement, with (--°ree;); admission, con fession; -pâdana, n. bestowal; -rodhaka, m. suppression (of robbers etc.); -shthâ, f. per manence, continuance (opp. beginning or end); -sava, m. admission (v. r. -prasava).
sarga m. [√ srig] RV.; shot; jet, stream; gust (of wind); starting a courser, racing; herd let loose; V., C.: great host; C.: emission, discharge; creation (ord. mg.); creature (w. daiva, divine being, god); innate disposition, nature (rare); resolve, purpose, will (rare); section, canto (in an epic poem): lc. in the world; â sargât, from the beginning of the world; (sárga)-takta, pp. speeding like a missile (waters, RV.); -pratakta, pp. id. (steed; RV.1); -bandha, m. composition in cantos, epic poem.
sarvakarman n. pl. all kinds of works, rites, or occupations; 1. -kâma, m. pl. all kinds of desires; 2. (á)-kâma, a. wish ing everything; fulfilling all wishes; possess ing everything wished for; m. N. of a son of Rituparna; -kâmika, a. fulfilling all wishes; obtaining all one's desires; -kâmin, a. id.; -kâlam, ad. at all times, always (w. na, never); -kâle, lc. id.; -kâla-mitra, n. friend at all times; -kâsham, abs. w.√ kash, ex haust completely; -kshaya, m. destruction of the universe; -ga, a. all-pervading, omni present; -gana, m. the whole throng; a. (sárva- or sarvá-) having or forming a com plete company (V.); -gata, pp. all-pervading, universally prevalent; omnipresent: papra- kkha½anâmayam sarvagatam, he asked after their universal health=whether they were well in every respect: -tva, n. universal dif fusion, omnipresence; -gandha-vaha, a. wafting perfumes of all kinds; -gâtra, n. pl. all limbs; -guna, m. pl. all excellences; -grâsam, abs. w. √ gras, devour entirely; -m-kasha, a. wearing out entirely, exceed ingly cruel; all-pervading: â, f. T. of Mal linâtha's commentary on the Sisupâla-va dha; -karu, m. N. (Br.); -gana, m. every one; -ganîna, a. relating or belonging to every one; -git, a. all-conquering; -gña, a. all-knowing, omniscient (gods or men, esp. ministers and philosophers); m. N.; -gña-tâ, f., -gña-tva, n. omniscience; -gña-nârâya- na, m. N. of a scholar; -gña-mitra, m. N., -gñam-manya, a. considering oneself omni scient: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -gñâna-maya, a.containing all knowledge.
savanīya a. belonging etc. to the Soma libation (V., rarely P.).
salila a. [√ sri] V.: surging, flow ing, fluctuating; n. flood, surge; C.: sg. pl. water; rain (rare); tears (rare): -m kri or dâ, offer the libation of water to a deceased person (g.): -kara, m. aquatic animal: -ket ana, m. god of love; -ga, a. produced or living in water; m. aquatic animal; shell; -da, m. cloud; -dhara, m. id.; -nidhi, m. ocean; -pavana½âsin, a. subsisting on water or air only; -bhara, m. (volume of water), lake; -maya, a. consisting of water; -muk, m. cloud; -râsi, m. ocean; -saraka, m. n. bowl of water; -stambhin, a. bringing the water to a standstill; -sthala-kara, m. (living in water and on land), amphibious animal; -½âkara, m. volume of water; ocean; -½añgali, m. two handfuls of water (as a libation to the Manes); -½âsaya, m. reservoir of water, pond, lake; -½udbhava, a. produced in water; m. shell; n. lotus.
saśaṅka a. timid, shy; suspicious: -m, ad. with fear, timidly; -satru, a. having enemies; -sabda, a. noisy, resounding, echo ing, ringing: -m, ad. noisily, loudly; -sara, a. furnished with an arrow (bow); together with the arrow: -kâpa-hasta, a. holding a bow with an arrow in his hand; -salka, a. provided with rind; -salya, a. having an arrow-head in one's body; stung, wounded (fig.); -sastra, a. armed; -sâlmala,a. to gether with silk cotton trees; -sirah-kam pam, ad. with a shake of the head; -siras, a. together with the head: -ka, a. id.; -sish ya, a. together with his pupils; -suk, a. grieved; -sri&ndot;gâra, a. adorned, garnished;-sesha, a. containing a remainder, not en tirely emptied; incomplete, unfinished: -tva, n. non-exhaustion: -tvâd âyushah, because the sands of life had not yet run out; -soka, a. afflicted, sad.
sasneha a. greasy, oily; full of affection towards (g.); loving: -m, ad. lovingly; -sneha-bahumâna, a. attended with affection and esteem; -spriha, a. desir ing, longing, for (lc.), to (inf.); expressing a desire; envious: -m, ad. longingly; enviously; -smaya, a. arrogant; -smita, a. accom panied with a smile, smiling: °ree;-or -m, ad. with a smile; -smeram, ad. with a smile.
sāṃyātrika m. [samyâtrâ] sea farer, trader by sea; -yuga, a. (î) suitable for battle (samyuga): w. ku, f. battle-field: î-na, a. warlike; -râvin-a, n. [samrâvin] general shout, uproar; -vatsara, a. (î) yearly, annual [samvatsara]; m. one versed in the calendar, astrologer: i-ka, a. annual, yearly; lasting a year or the whole year; m. astrolo ger; -vitti-ka, a. [samvitti] based on a mere feeling, subjective; -vyavahâr-ika,a. (î) current in ordinary life (samvyavahâra); generally intelligible; -say-ika, a. (î) sub ject to doubt (samsaya), uncertain; hazard ous (undertaking); -sarg-ika, a. (î) produced by contact or intercourse (samsarga); -sâr-ika, a. connected with or dependent on the cycle of mundane existence (samsâra); -sid dhi-ka, a. (î) original, inherent, natural samsiddhi]; -hita, a. (î) peculiar to the Samhitâ: i-ka, a. id.
sākāṅkṣa a. feeling a desire; requiring a complement, correlative: -m, ad. with longing, wishfully; -½âkâra, a. having a shape, embodied; having a fair form, beau tiful: -tâ, f.embodiment; -½âkâsa, a. with the hitherward light; -½âkula, a. bewildered; -½âkûta, a. significant; attentive, accurate: -m, ad. significantly; expressively.
sāṃkarya n. [samkara] mixture; confusion; -kalp-ika, a. (î) based on or pro duced by will or imagination (samkalpa); -kritya, m. pat. from Samkriti: -½âyana, m. pat. from Sâmkritya: î, f. N. of a mendi cant nun; -krandan-i, m. son of Indra (sam krandana), pat. of the monkey Vâlin; -krâm ika, a. [samkrama] passing over to others (qualities); -kshep-ika, a. [samkshepa] briefly expressed, concise.
sādhaka a. (ikâ) accomplishing, bringing about, effecting, productive of (g., --°ree;); effective, efficient; adapted to the pur pose, useful; magical; proving; m. assist ant; worshipper; magician: -tva,n. magic; -varti, f. magical wick.
sānasi (RV.) a. [√ san] winning or laden with spoils, victorious (steed, car); bringing blessings.
sānvaya a. together with his de scendants or family; belonging to the same family, related; significant; -½apagama, a. attended with departures.
sāmapragātha m. kind of verses to be recited by the three Hotrakas; -bhrít, a. bringing chants (RV.1); -máya, a. consisting of Sâmans.
sābhikāma a. loving; -gñâna, °ree;-or -m, ad. together with tokens of recog nition; -nivesa, a. attended with a great predilection for sthg.; -prâya, a. having a distinct aim, knowing one'smind; spoken with a purpose (words); -mâna, a. full of self-satisfaction, proud, of (lc.); self-interested (action): -m, ad. proudly; -lâsha, a. full of longing, for (esp. the opposite sex, lc., prati, --°ree;); -sara, a. together with companions.
sāmāsika a. (î) [samâsa] com prehensive, concisely stated, brief; belonging to a compound; m. or n. compound word.
sāyantana a. (î) belonging to the evening.
sāyaṃkāla m. eventide: i-ka, î na, a. belonging to evening; -goshtha, a. driven into the fold at evening (cattle, Br.).
sāyaka a. [√ 2. si] meant for discharging or hurling (RV.); m. (C.), n. (RV.) missile, arrow: -pu&ndot;kha, m. feathered part of an arrow; -maya, a. consisting of arrows.
sārasvata a. (î) belonging or re lating to, derived from the goddess or the river Sarasvatî; m. N. of a people dwelling on the Sarasvatî (pl.); N. of a Rishi (son of Sarasvatî); n. eloquence.
sārasa a. (î) belonging to a lake (saras); m. (--°ree; a. f. â) Indian crane (Ardea sibirica); sts.=swan (hamsa); N. of a hunch back; n. lotus: î, f. female crane.
sālhaṇa a. belonging to Sâlhani: i, m. pat. N. (fr. Salhana).
sārvadhātuka a. applying to the whole root (i. e. the extended verbal root of the present base); -bhautika, a. affecting all beings; -bhaumá, a. [sarva-bhûmi] re lating to, prevailing or ruling over the whole earth; m. universal monarch, emperor; N. of the elephant of the northern quarter, vehicle of Kubera; -laukika, a. (î) known to or prevailing throughout the whole world, universal, general; permitted to every one; -varn-ika, a. of every kind; belonging or common to all the castes; -vedasa, n. entire property: -dakshina, a. attended with the bestowal of one's entire property as a fee (sacrifice); -½âyusha, a. having entire vital ity, thoroughly vigorous (Br.).
sāvarṇi m. pat. (fr. savarna) N. of a Rishi; ep. of a Manu; i-ka, a. (î) belonging to the same caste; relating to Manu Sâvarna or Sâvarni; m. N. of a village; -ya, n. iden tity of colour; homogeneousness (of sounds).
sāvitra a. (&isharp;) belonging or sacred to, derived from, Savitri; m. son or descend ant of Savitri: &isharp;, f. (sc. rik) Savitri verse, sp. that beginning &open;Tát savitúr várenyam&close; (RV.III, 62, 10: also called Gâyatrî); ini tiation into caste with the Sâvitrî verse, inves titure of the twice-born castes (C.); (daugh ter of Savitri) N. of Sûryâ, of Brahman's wife, of a daughter of Asvapati (wife of Sat yavat), and of various other women; N. of a river: (î)-patita, pp. excluded from initia tion with the Sâvitrî; -paribhrashta, pp. id.
siṃha m. lion; Leo (sign of the zodiac); --°ree;, lion-like=chief or best of, pre-eminent; lord or ruler of (also °ree;-in some cpds.); N.: -gupta, m. N. of a king; -ghosha, m. N.; -tâ, f. condition of a lion; -tunda, m. a fish: -ka, m. id.; -tva, n. state of a lion; -damsh- tra, a. lion-toothed; m. N. of an Asura; N. of a prince of the Sabaras; -datta, m. N. of an Asura; -deva, m. N. of a prince; -dvâr, f. (prince's=) palace-gate; -dvâra, n. id.; -dhvani, m. (lion's=) challenging shout; -nâda, m. lion's roar; war-cry; confident assurance; N. of an Asura, of a son of Râvana, and of a king of Malaya; -parâ krama, m. N.; -pura, n. N. of a town; -bala,m. N. of a prince: -datta, m. N.; -bhata, m. N. of an Asura; -bhû-bhrit, m. N. of a king; -mahî-pati, m. N. of a king; -ratha, a. having a car drawn by lions, ep. of Durgâ; m. N.; -rava, m. lion's roar; war cry; -râga, m. N. of a king; -rotsikâ, f. N. of a village.
siddha pp. (√ sidh) hit (mark); ac complished, achieved, effected, fulfilled, real ized, successful; ready (money); prepared, made ready; cooked (food); gained, acquired; peculiar; unchangeable; cured (person); established, settled, substantiated, proved; well known, in (--°ree;); possessed of magical power (things); subject, ready to serve one (spirits, charms); perfected, adept in (d., --°ree;); become perfect, possessing super natural power, emancipated from the laws of nature; m. seer, sorcerer, magician; saint, Siddha (a class of demi-gods, such as Kapila, Vyâsa etc., possessing supernatural powers, esp. that of flying through the air); = Gina (with the Jains); N.; n. magical or super natural power: -kârya, a. having accomplished one's purpose; -kshetra, n. region inhabited by Siddhas, land of the Blest; N. of certain sacred regions: -parvata, m. mountain in the land of the Blest; -tâp asa, m., î, f. ascetic endowed with super natural knowledge and power; -tva, n. correct ness; establishment, demonstration; perfec tion; -dhâman, n. abode of the Blest;-bhûmi, f. fairyland; -mantra, m. magical spell; -yoga, m. magical agency; -yogin-î, f. sorceress, witch, fairy; -ratna, a. possess ing a magical jewel; -rasa, m. quicksilver; -rasâyana, a. possessed of an elixir of life; -râga, m. N. of a king; -laksha, a. hitting the mark (arrow); -vat, ad. as established or proved: -kri, regard as settled or proved; -varti, f. magical wick; -vâsa, m. abode of the Blest, N. of a locality; -sambandha, a. whose kin is known; -sarit, f. (famous river) Ganges.
sukha a. having a good axle-hole, running easily (only of cars in RV.); com fortable, pleasant, mild (rare in V., very common in C.); C.: soothing, agreeable to (the ear etc., --°ree;), by reason of (--°ree;); easy to (lc. of vbl. n.); m. (sc. danda) kind of mili tary array (C.); n. ease, comfort, pleasure, enjoyment, happiness, joy (C.; rare in V.): (á)-m, in., °ree;--, happily, comfortably, agree ably, easily, without trouble (C.; rare in V.); -m, easy to (inf.); -m -na punah, more easily -than; kadalî-sukham, as easily as a Kadalî; mahatâ sukhena, with great enjoyment: -kara, a. (î) giving pleasure; easy to be done or performed, by (g.); -kârin, -krit, a. giv ing pleasure; -kârya, a. having pleasure as an object; -gamya, fp. easy to traverse; -grâhya, fp. easy to seize or catch; easy to comprehend; -ghâtya, fp. easy to kill; -kkhedya, fp. easy to destroy; -gâta,n. any thing pleasant; -tara, cpv. easier: -m, ad. more easily; -tva, n. pleasantness, enjoyable ness; -da, a. giving pleasure; -duhkha, n. du. pleasure and pain: -maya, a. (î) con sisting of or feeling joy or sorrow; -dhana,m. N. of a merchant; -para, a. intent on enjoyment, pleasure-seeking; -peya, fp. to be drunk easily; -prasna, m. enquiry as to welfare; -prasupta, pp. sleeping placidly; -prâpya, fp. easy to win or obtain (girl); -bandhana,a. (fettered by=) addicted to worldly pleasure; -bodha-rûpa, a. easily un derstood; -bhâgin, -bhâg, a. participating in fortune; lucky, happy; -bhedya, fp. easily broken; easy to separate, prone to faithless ness; -bhogya,fp. easy to enjoy or dispose of (wealth); -maya, a. (î) full of enjoyment; -m-edhas, a. prospering well.
su ad. [perh. for vasu= Gk. eu)=: cp. u shu, û shu, and u loka] good, well, indeed, right, very, thoroughly (never used in dependently at the beginning of a verse; rarely as an independent ad. in C.; very common °ree; with a. or n., in C. also with gd.).
sukhārtha m. object of pleasure: ac., d. for relief, for the sake of ease; -½arthin, a. desiring happiness or bliss; -½arha, a. de serving of happiness; -½âloka, a. easy to get sight of; -½avagama, m.easy comprehension; â-vatî, f. N.; -½avabodha, m. easy compre hension; -½âvaha, a. bringing pleasure, to (--°ree;); -½âsa, m. (pleasant food), cucumber; 1. -½âsâ, f. expectation of pleasure; 2. (su-kha) ½âsâ, f. very (sky=) remote expectation; -½â- sraya, a. productive of pleasure; -½âsana, n. comfortable seat; -½âsikâ, f. comfort; -½âs îna, pt. sitting at ease; -½asukha, n. sg. joy and sorrow, pleasure and pain; -½âsvâda, m. taste of enjoyment, relish, delight.
sudhā f. [good drink: √ 2. dhâ] beverage of the gods, nectar; milk (rare); mortar, plaster: -½amsu, m. (having rays of nectar), moon; -½âkara, m. mine of nectar; moon; -dîdhiti, m. moon; -drava, m. white-wash; -dhavala, a. white with plaster, white-washed; white as plaster; -dhavalita, den. pp. whitened with plaster, white-washed; -dhâman, m. moon; -dhârâ, f. stream of nectar; -dhauta, pp. white-washed; -pûra, m. stream of nectar; -bhitti, f. white-washed wall; -bhug, -bhogin, m. (feeding on nectar), god; -maya, a. (î) containing or consisting of nectar; -½amrita, n. nectar; -ras mi, m. moon; -rasa, m. nectar; a.tasting. like nectar: -maya, a. (î) consisting of or containing nectar; -½avadâta, pp. white-washed; white as plaster; -varsha, n. shower of nectar; -subhra, a. white-washed; -½âsâ ra, m. shower of nectar; -sita, a. white-washed; white as plaster: -tâ, f. whiteness of plaster; -sindhu, m. ocean of nectar; -sûti, m. moon; -seka, m. besprinkling with nectar; -syandin, a. flowing with nectar; -½âhartri, m. abstracter of nectar, ep. of Garuda; -hrada, m. lake of nectar.
sudaṃsas a. performing mighty deeds (RV.); -dáksha, a. very expert or wise (V.); -dákshina, a. (E.) very dexterous; very courteous; having an excellent right hand (RV.): â, f. N. of Dilîpa's wife; -dá tra, a. giving good gifts (V.); -dant, a. (-dat-î) having beautiful teeth; -darpana, a. having a beautiful mirror, reflecting beauti fully; -dársana, a. easily seen, by (in.); good-looking, handsome, beautiful, lovely; m. N. of various men; m. n. Vishnu's discus (disc of the sun): â, f. night of the bright half of the month (V.); N. of a princess (C.); -dasâ½arha-kula, a. belonging to a family worthy of a happy lot and sprung from the noble race of the Dasârhas; -dâna, n. boun teous gift; -d&asharp;nu, a. (f. id.) dripping or be stowing abundantly, bounteous (of various gods; V.); -dâman, a. bestowing abundantly, bountiful (Indra; RV.2); m. N.; -dâminî, f. N.; -dâru, n. good wood; -dâruna, a. very dreadful; -d&asharp;s, m. [√ dâs=√ dâs] faithful worshipper (of the gods; RV.) or a. bountiful √ dâ]; m. N. of a king of the Tritsus (V., C.).
sumanomattaka m. N.; -mano-latâ, f. flowering creeper; -mano hara, a. very charming or attractive; -mán tu, a. easily known, well-known (RV.); m. N. of a teacher; -mantra, a. following good counsels; m. N. of various men; -mantrita, pp. well-deliberated: n. imps. good counsel has been taken; n. good counsel: -m kri, take good counsel; -mantrin, a. having a good minister; -mánman, a. uttering good wishes, very devout (RV.); -marma-ga, a. deeply penetrating the joints, causing great agony (arrow); -marshana, a. easy to bear; (sú)-mahat, a. very great, huge, vast (of time, space, quantity, number, degree); very important; -mahas, a. glorious (RV., always vc.); -mahâ, °ree;--: a. extremely great; ad. very greatly; -mahâ-kaksha, a. very high-walled; -mahâ-tapas, a. extremely ascetic or pious; -mahâ-tegas, a. very glorious; -mahât man, a. very noble-minded or high-souled; -mahâ-bala, a. extremely powerful or effica cious; -mahâ-manas, a. very high-minded; -mahârha, a. very splendid; -mahausha dha, n. herb of marvellous efficacy; -mâyá, a. having noble counsels (Maruts; RV.); m. N. of a prince of the Asuras; N. of a fairy: â, f. N. of a daughter of Maya: (a)-ka, m. N. of a fairy; -mitrá, m. kind friend; N., esp. of kings: â, f. N. of a Yakshinî; N. of a wife of Dasaratha, mother of Satrughna and Lakshmana; -mukha, n. beautiful mouth; bright face: in. cheerfully; a. (î) fair-faced; bright-faced, glad; inclined or disposed to (--°ree;); m. N. of a king; -mundîka, m. N. of an Asura; -mridîká, -mrilîká, V. a. com passionate, gracious; -mrishta, pp. well polished; very dainty: -pushpa½âdhya, a. abounding in very bright flowers; -méka, V. a. well-established, firm; unvarying; -medhás, a.having a good understanding, intelligent, wise (ac. also -medh&asharp;m, RV.); -meru, m. N. of a mtn. (=Meru); N. of a fairy; -mná, a. [√ mnâ=√ man] well-dis posed, gracious (V.); n. (V.) benevolence, favour, grace; devotion, prayer; satisfac tion, gladness, peace: -yú, V. a. devout, be lieving; favourable; -mnâ-várî, a. f. gracious, bringing gladness (Dawn, RV.1).
sumati f. V.: benevolence, grace, favour (ord. mg.); devotion, prayer; C.: pleasure (rare; in, lc.); a. (C.) wise; well versed in (g.); m. N.: &ibrevcirc;, f. N. of Sagara's wife; -madhura, a. very tender orlovely; singing very beautifully; -madhya, a. beau tiful waisted; -madhyama, a. 1. very mediocre; 2. fair-waisted: â, f. fair-waisted woman; -mánas, a. V.: (good-hearted), well disposed, favourable, gracious, benevolent; pleasing; V., C.: well-pleased, cheerful, glad, comfortable; C.: wise; m. N.; f. flower (pl. or in cpds.); N.
sumakha a. vigorous, sprightly, gay (V.); n. festival, feast (RV.); -ma&ndot;gála, a. (&isharp;, â) bringing good luck, auspicious: â, f. N.
sulakṣaṇa a. having auspicious marks (-tva, n. abst. n.): â, f. N.; -lakshita, pp. carefully examined; -lagna, pp. firmly adhering, to (lc.); m. (?) (astrologically) auspicious moment; -labha, a. easy to ob tain or find; easy of access, to (--°ree;); cheap; adapted, appropriate, proper, fit, suitable (to, for, --°ree;): -kopa, a. irascible, -tva, n. fre quency, cheapness, -½avakâsa, a. having easy access to, easily reflected (image) in (lc.); -labhâ, f. N.; -labha½itara, a. (opposite of =) not easy of attainment; -lalita, pp. very dainty or delicious (meat); very charming or lovely: -latâ-pallava-maya, a. (î) consist ing of the young shoots of lovely creepers; -lokana, a. fine-eyed: â, f. N. of a Yakshinî; N.; -lola, a. eagerly longing for (--°ree;).
suvarṇa a. V., E.: having a beauti- ful colour, brilliant, glittering, golden; made of gold (rare); belonging to a good caste (E., rare); n. (V., C.) gold; wealth; m. (rarely n.) a weight=one Karsha of gold; m. N.: -ka&ndot;kana, n. gold bracelet; -kartri, m. gold smith; -kâra, m. id.; -kûla, m. a bird; -dâna, n. gift of gold; -dvîpa, m. n. gold island, perhaps Sumatra; -pârsva, N. of a locality; -pushpa, a. having gold as flowers (earth); -bindu, N. of a temple; -maya, a. (î) consisting of gold; -roman, m. (golden fleeced), ram; -lekhâ, f. streak of gold (on a touchstone); -vat, 1. ad. like gold; 2. a. containing or possessing gold, opulent: -î, f. N. of a town in Dakshinâ-patha; -vas tra½âdi, n. money, clothes, etc.; -sânûra, N. of a locality; -siddha, m. adept in the magical obtainment of gold.
sūrya m. [svar] sun; sun-god; N. (C.): -ka, m. N.; -kara, m. sunbeam; -kân ta, m. (beloved of the sun), sun-stone, sun crystal; -kandra, m. N.; -tapas, m. N. of a sage; -tegas, n. sunshine;(s&usharp;rya)-tvak, a. having a sun-bright skin or covering (RV.); -pâda, m. sunbeam; -putra, m. son of the sun, pat. of the Asvins, planet Saturn, and Yama: î, f. daughter of the sun, the Yamu nâ; -prabha, a. sun-bright; m. N. among others of the king after whom the eighth Lambaka of the Kathâsaritsâgara is called: -tâ, f. abst. n.; -prabhava, a. sprung from the sun (race); -prabhîya, a. belonging to king Sûryaprabha; -prasishya, m. ep. of Ganaka; -bimba, m. or n. disc of the sun; -mandala, n. id.; -matî, f. N. of a princess; -ratha, m. car of the sun; -rasmi, m. sun beam; -ruk, f. sunlight; -vamsa, m. solar race of kings; -vams-ya, a.belonging to the solar race; -varman, m. N. of a Dâmara; -vâra, m. Sunday; -sishya, m. ep. of Yâgña valkya: -½antevâsin, m. ep. of Ganaka; -samkrama, m. entrance of the sun into a new sign of the zodiac; -samkrânti, f. id.; -siddhânta, m. T. of an astronomical trea tise ascribed to the Sun; -suta, m. (son of the sun) planet Saturn; the monkey Sugrîva; -stuti, f., -stotra, n. praise of the sun.
saiṃha a. (î) belonging to a lion (sim ha), leonine.
sevaka a. (--°ree;) inhabiting; practising, indulging in, addicted to, employing; tend ing (a plant); honouring; m. servant; votary, worshipper of (--°ree;).
saira a. (î) belonging to the plough (sîra); n. kind of spirituous liquor.
sainya a. belonging to or proceeding from an army (senâ); m. soldier (pl. troops); army (rare); n. army (very common); camp (rare): -kshobha, m. mutiny among the troops; -nâyaka, m. leader of an army; -pati, m., -pâla, m. id.; -maya, a. (î) con sisting of troops; -vâsa, m. camp of an army; -siras, n. head of an army.
saindhava a. (&isharp;) relating to the sea (sindhu), marine, maritime; belonging to or coming from the Indus or Sindh; m. inhabi tants of Sindh (pl.); prince of Sindh; horse bred in Sindh; m. n. rock-salt (abounding in Sindh): -ka, a. belonging to the people of Sindh; -khilyá, m. lump of salt (Br.); -silâ- sakala, n. piece of rock-salt.
sainika a. relating or belonging to an army (senâ); m. soldier: pl. troops.
sopakāraka a. benefited; -graham, ad. flatteringly; -kaya, a. advan tageous, profitable; -kâra, a. courteous (speech): -m, ad. with attentions or cour tesy; -drava, a. attended with afflictions, calamities, or dangers; -dha, a. deceitful, fraudulent; together with the preceding letter (gr.); -dhi, ad. deceitfully; -pada, a. together with a secondary word (gr.); -ma, a. containing a simile; treating (lc.) in the same way as (in.); -rodham, ad. consider ately, obligingly; -sarga, a. provided with a preposition; -sveda, a. moistened, wetted; -hâsa, a. derisive, sneering: -m, ad. -ly.
sodaka a. containing or filled with water; -½udaya, a. together with interest; -½udayana, a. together with Udayana; -½udara, a. (î) born from the same womb, uterine; ± bhrâtri, m.uterine brother; fig. =closely allied with, next of kin to (e. g. narma½eka-sodaram hi navam vayah, youth has but one brother,=goes hand in hand with, fun): î, f. uterine sister; -½udar-ya, a., m. id.: -sneha, m. sisterly affection; -½uddhâra, a. together with a selected por tion: -vibhâgin, a. receiving one's share together with a selected portion; -½udbâsh pam, a. tearfully; -½udyama, a. prepared for the fray; -½udyoga, a. assiduous, strenu ous, enterprising; aiming at (the destruction of life,=dangerous, --°ree;); -½udvega, a. agi tated, apprehensive: -m, ad. excitedly, anxiously; -½unmâda, a. frantic, mad.
sotka a. full of longing, °ree;--, ad.; -½ukantha, a. eager or yearning for (prati); regretting, grieving at (--°ree;): -m, ad. long ingly; regretfully; -½utkampa, a. trembling, tremulous; -½utkarsha, a.excellent; -½ut prâsa, a. ironical, mocking: -m, ad. -ly; -½utpreksham, ad. with indifference; -½ut sava, a. festal (day); festive, overjoyed; -½utsâha, a. resolute, energetic, courageous; threatening (clouds); overjoyed: -m, ad. energetically, emphatically; with great joy: -tâ, f. alacrity, vigour; -½utsuka, a. longing, yearning, anxious, for (lc., prati, --°ree;); -½utse ka, a. arrogant, haughty; -½utsedha, a. high, lofty: -m, ad. with a jerk.
somya a. (V.) concerned with, be longing to, consisting of, inspired by, Soma, Soma-loving; m. (V.) Soma sacrificer.
somaka m. N. of a king (V., C.); C.: N. of a country; king or native of Somaka: ikâ, f. N. of a bird; -ka½îsvara, m. king of Somaka; -kráyana, a. (î) serving as the price of the Soma plant: î, f. cow --;-grahá, m. bowl of Soma (V.); eclipse of the moon (C.); -tîrtha, n. N. of a place of pilgrim age; -tva, n. condition of Soma; -datta, m. N. of various kings and Brâhmans; -dâ, f. N. of a Brâhman woman; -deva, m. god Soma; god of the moon; N. of various men: -bhatta, m. N. of the author of the Kathâ- saritsâgara; -devatya, a. having Soma as its deity; -devî, f. N. of a wife of Kâmapâla; -nâtha, m. N. of various scholars; n. N. of a celebrated Li&ndot;ga and its temple in Gujerat (destroyed in 1024 a. d.); -pá, a. drinking or entitled to drink Soma juice (V., C.); m. pl. N. of a class of Manes; -p&asharp;, a. id.; -pâna, n. drinking of Soma; (-p&asharp;na), a. Soma drinking, m. Soma drinker (V.); -pây in, a., m. id.; -pâla, m. guardian of Soma (Br.); N. of various men; -p&asharp;van, m. Soma drinker (RV.); -pîdâ, f. N. of a princess; (sóma)-pîti, f. (V.)draught of Soma (always d.); -pîthá, m. id. (V.); -pîthín, a. partici pating in the Soma draught; -putra, m. son of Soma; son of the moon, planet Mercury; -purusha, m. servant of Soma; (sóma) prishtha, a. bearing Soma on its back (V.); -péya, n. draught of Soma (RV.); -prabha, a. having the splendour of the moon; m. N.: â, f. N.; -pravâka, m. herald of the Soma sacrifice (V.); -mád, a. (strg. st. -m&asharp;d) in toxicated with Soma (RV.1); -rasmi, m. N. of a Gandharva; (sóma)-râgan, a. (ñî) having Soma as a king; -râta, m. N.; -la devî, f. N. of a princess; -vamsa, m. lunar race of kings; -vams-ya, a. belonging to the lunar race; (sóma)-vat, a.containing Soma, attended etc. by Soma (V.); -vallî, f. Soma plant; -vâra, m. Monday; -vâsara, m. or n. id.; -vikrayín, a. selling Soma; m. seller of Soma; -vriddha, pp. invigorated by Soma (RV.); -sarman, m. N. of various men; (sóma)-sita, pp. sharpened by Soma; -sush man, m. N. (Br.); -sûra, m. N.; -samsthâ, f. fundamental form of the Soma sacrifice; -sad, m. pl. N. of the Manes of the Sâdhyas; -salila, n. Soma water; -sú-t, a.pressing Soma; -suta, m. son or descendant of the Moon; (sóma)-suti, f. pressing of Soma; -sútvan, a. pressing Soma; m. Soma-pres ser; -svâmin, m. N.; -½ânanda, m. N.; â raudrá, a. belonging to Soma and Rudra; n. (sc. sûkta) the hymn RV. VI, 74 (C.).
sautrāmaṇa a. (î) belonging to Indra (Sutrâman): w. dis, f. the east: &isharp;, f. a certain rite sacred to Indra Sutrâman (V., P.).
sautra a. (î) consisting or made of threads; belonging to a Sûtra: w. dhâtu, m. (etymological) root mentioned in a Sûtra only.
saukara a. (î) relating or belonging to a hog (sûkara), hoggish.
sormi a. having waves, billowy, surging; speeding along (horses); -½ullâsa, a. delighted, rejoicing: -m, ad. joyfully; -½ulluntha, a. ironical, sarcastic: -m, ad. ironically; -½ûsha, a. mixed with salt earth; -½ûshma-tâ, f. heat; aspiration (gr.); -½ûsh man, a. warm, hot; aspirated; m. aspirate; -½ûshma-snâna-griha, n. room with hot baths, bath-room.
sauparṇa a. relating or belonging to, derived from, resembling, the hawk etc.; n. the Suparna hymn (V.): -vrata, n. kind of ascetic observance (S.).
saumerava a. (î) belonging to Sumeru.
saumika a. (î) belonging to Soma or the Soma sacrifice.
saubhara a. (î) belonging to Sobhari; m. pat. fr. Sobhari: i, m. N. of a Rishi.
saurasaindhava a. belonging to the Ganges (surasindhu).
saura a. (î) relating or belonging to, derived from, the sun (sûrya), solar; m. wor shipper of the sun; son of the sun, planet Saturn; n. collection of hymns to the sun.
saussala a. belonging to Sussala.
skānda a. belonging to, derived from etc., the god Skanda.
strī f. [perh.=starî; nm. without s, ac., V., C. striyam, C. also strîm] woman, female, wife; feminine form or gender (gr.): -ka, --°ree; a.=strî; -kat&ibrevcirc;, f. female hip; (str&isharp;) kâma, a.lusting after women (V., C.); de siring female offspring; -kârya, n. attend ance on women; -kumâra, m. pl. women and children; (str&isharp;)-krita, pp. done by women; n. copulation (S.); -kshîra, n. milk of women; -gamana, n. consorting or sexual intercourse with women; -ghâtaka, a. mur dering a woman or one's wife; -ghna, a. id.; -gana, m. women-kind; feminine (gr.); -gan anî, a. f. bringing forth daughters; -gita, pp. ruled by women, henpecked; -tva, n. womanhood; feminine gender (gr.); -dhana, n. woman's private property; wife and pro perty; -dharma, m. laws concerning women; copulation; -dharminî, a. menstruating; -pumsa, m. du.husband and wife; mascu line and feminine (gr.); -pumdharma, m. laws concerning men and women; -praty aya, m. feminine suffix; -prasû, a. f. bring ing forth daughters; -bhava, m. womanhood; -mantra, m. woman's counsel or stratagem; -maya, a. (î) feminine; effeminate.
stoma m. [√ 1. stu] (hymn of) praise, eulogium, panegyric (V.; very rare in P.); fundamental form of chant (seven being the usual number of them; rit.); mass, quan tity, multitude (C.): -tashta,pp. fashioned into (=being the theme of) praise (RV.); -bhâga, a. having the Stoma as one's share (Br.); m. pl. N. of certain (29) verses be longing to the Soma sacrifice, employed while laying the fifth layer of bricks (V.):â, f. N. of these bricks; -várdhana, a. (thriving on=) delighting in hymns of praise (RV.1); (stóma)-vâhas, a. (RV.) offering praise; receiving a hymn of praise; -vriddhi, f. en largement of the Stoma.
sthāṇava a. [sthânu] derived from trunks of trees; -îya, a. belonging to Siva (bow).
sthānika a. taking the place of (g., --°ree;; gr.); -in, a. occupying a high posi tion; being in the right place, appropriate; being originally in the place; what should be in the place=to be supplied(gr.); m. primi tive or original form (gr.; opp. âdesa, substi tute); -i-vat, ad. like the primitive form: d âdesah, the substitute is subject to the same rules as the primitive; -îya, a. having its place in, being in (--°ree;); occupying the place of, representing (--°ree;).
sthitideśa m. place of abode; -mat, a. firm, stable, enduring; keeping within bounds (ocean); observing the limits of morality, virtuous; -varman, m. N. of a prince; -sthâpaka, m. (sc. samskâra) elasticity (restoring the original state).
spṛhā f. eager desire, longing for, pleasure in (lc., --°ree;; rarely d., g.); envy (rare): -m kri or bandh, long for (lc., --°ree;); -m kri, envy any one (lc.): -vat, a. desirous of, delighting in (lc.).
spṛhayāyya a. desirable (RV.); -ayâlu, a. longing for, delighting in (d., lc.): -tâ, f. desire for (--°ree;).
sphūrti f. [√ sphur] quivering, throb bing; manifestation, appearance, display; bragging.
svakṣatra a. master of oneself, in dependent, free (RV.); -gata, pp. belonging to oneself, own: -m, ad. to oneself, aside (say, think); -guna, m. one's own merits; a. having its own merits, appropriate;(á)-gûrta, pp. pleasing in themselves (RV.); -griha, n. one's own house; -gokara, a. subject to oneself: -m kri, subject to oneself.
svakīya a. own etc. (=1. sva); m. pl. one's people, friends: -tva, n. belonging or relation to oneself.
svatantra n. (self-authority), inde pendence, freedom; a. free, independent, un controlled: w. pada, n. independent word: -tâ, f. independence, freedom; originality; -tantraya, den. subject to one'swill; (á) tavas, a. V.: self-strong, inherently powerful; valiant; -tas, ad. of oneself, of one's own ac cord; by nature; out of one's own estate: svato &zip; msât, from one's own share, raksher apakâram svatah parato vâ,guard your self and others against transgression; -tâ, f. ownership: -m pasyati, believes that every thing belongs to or is meant for him, râga svatam upapadyate, accrues to the king; -tvá, n. proprietary right to (lc.; C.); inde pendence (V.).
svapnaja a. produced in a dream, dreamt; -darsana, n. vision of a dream; -nidarsana, n. id.; -bhâg, a. indulging in sleep; -mânavaka, m. dream-manikin (a kind of charm producing dreams that are realized); -labdha, pp. obtained (=appear ing) in a dream; -vritta, pp. occurring in a dream.
svabhū a. self-existent; f. one's own country, home; -bhûta, pp. being one's own, belonging to (g.); -bhû-tyâga, m. abandon ment of one's own country; -bhûmi, f. one's own country, home; -manîshikâ, f. own opinion; -mâmsa, n. own flesh or body.
svarka a. singing beautifully (V.).
svavaṃśya a. belonging to one's family.
svasaṃvedya fp. intelligible to oneself only; -sadrisa, a. like or suitable to oneself; -samâna, a. id.; -samuttha, a. arising (fire) within itself (fuel); produced or existing by itself, natural; -sambhûta, pp. produced from oneself; (á)-sara, V. n. own resort: √ sri] stall, fold; accustomed place, dwelling; nest; -siddha, pp. come about spontaneously; belonging to one by nature (arms).
svāyaṃbhuva a. relating or be longing to the Self-existent (Svayambhu, Brahman); relating etc. to Manu Svâyam bhuva; m. pat. of a Manu, of Marîki, Atri, and Nârada.
svābhāvika a. (î) belonging to one's own nature, natural, original, peculiar, innate, inherent: -½itara, a. not innate.
svīya a. belonging to oneself (sva), own; m. pl. one's own people, one's kindred: â, f. wife who may be truly called one's own; î-kri, make one's own, take possession of (v. r.).
sviṣṭa pp. well sacrificed, correctly offered; n. right sacrifice: -krit, a. offering a right sacrifice; sp. ep. of Agni; belonging, offered etc., to Agni Svishtakrit: d-bhâga, m. share of Agni Svishtakrit, d-bhâganá, n. substitute for Agni Svishtakrit.
svārtha m. own affair or cause, per sonal matter or advantage, one's own aim or object; own=original meaning (of a word; gr.): -m or e, on one's own account, for oneself; a. directed to oneself, egoistical; adapted to its purpose: -para, a. intent on one's own interests; -prayatna, m. self-in terested project; -sâdhaka, a. promoting one's own objects; -sâdhana, n. furtherance of one's own objects.
skandhya a. belonging etc. to the shoulder.
haya m. [speeder: √ hi] steed, horse; a. urging on (in asva-hayá); -kovida, a. skilled in horses; -grîva, a. having the mane of a horse; m. a form of Vishnu; N. of an Asura and of various men; -gña,a. skilled in horses: -tâ, f. knowledge of horses; -gñâ na, n. id.; -tattva-gña, a. knowing the true nature of horses; -pa, m. groom; N. of a king; -pati, m. N. of a king; -medha, m. horse sacrifice; -lîlâvatî, f. T. of a treatise on horses; -vidyâ, f. art of managing horses; -sâstra, n. id.; -siras, n. horse's head; -sisu, m. foal; -samgrahana, n. curbing of horses.
svārthika a. [sva½artha] retaining (not modifying) the original meaning, pleo nastic (suffix).
hara a. --°ree; (â, sts. î) bearing, wearing; taking, conveying; bringing (news) to (prati); taking away, depriving or robbing of; sur passing; removing, dispelling, destroying; receiving, obtaining; (taking=) captivating; m. Destroyer, ep. of Siva; N.; (hár)-ana, a. (â, î) conveying, containing; taking away, removing; n. bringing, fetching; offering; carrying off, stealing, theft, abduction (of a girl); withholding; confiscation (of property); obtainment; removal or destruction of (--°ree;).
haviṣkṛt a. preparing the oblation (V.); (ísh)-kriti, f. preparation of the oblation (RV.); (ísh)-pa&ndot;kti, f. aggregate of five oblations (Br.); (ish)-pa&ndot;kti, a. consisting of five oblations (V.); (ísh)-pati, m. lord of the oblation; -p&asharp;, a. drinking the oblation (RV.1); -pânt-îya, a. beginning with havísh p&asharp;ntam (RV. X, 88, 1); (ísh) mat, V. a. having the oblation prepared, offering an oblation; attended with or con taining oblations; m. N. of various Rishis (V., C.); pl. N. of certain Manes, sons of A&ndot;giras (C.); -yã, a. suitable or prepared for the oblation (esp. of rice and other kinds of grain); m. n.sacrificial offering of grain.
havirad a. eating the oblation (RV.); -ádya, n. tasting the oblation (V.); -ukkhishtá, (pp.) n. remnant of a sacrifice; -guna, m. quality of the sacrificial food; -d&asharp;, a. bringing oblations (RV.); -dâna, n. gift of an oblation; -dh&asharp;na, m. N. of the reputed composer of RV. X, 11--15; n. (receptacle of the offering), car for conveying the Soma plants to be pressed (gnly. two; V.); light shed for housing the Soma cars (V.); place of sacrifice (E.): î, f. N. of the mythical cow Surabhi or Kâmadhenu; -bhug, a. consuming the oblation; m. fire; god of fire: pl. the Manes of the Kshatriyas; -yagñá, m. offering of the oblation (a kind of sacrifice), simple sacrifice (Br., S.): -samsthâ, f. fundamental form of the Haviryagña; -váh, a. (nm. -vât) conveying the sacrifice (RV.1).
hasa m. mirth, laughter; -ana, a. laughing, with (g.); n. laughter: &asharp;, f. jest, encouraging shout (RV.1); -anîya, fp. to be laughed at, deserving the derision of (g.); -antikâ, f. fire-pan, chafing-dish; -ita, (pp.) n. laughter; -kartrí, m. mirth-maker, gladdener (RV.1); -kârá, m. laughter of heaven, sheet lightning (RV.1); (hás)-kriti, f. mirth, laughter (RV.1).
hastya a. belonging to the hand (V.).
hāra a. (î) --°ree; [√ 1. hri] bearing; bringing; taking away; raising (taxes); m. 1. string or necklace of pearls; 2. (vbl. n.) seizure or forfeiture of (--°ree;); removal (rare): -ka, --°ree; a. (i-kâ) bearing; bringing; carry ing away; stealing; removing, taking upon oneself (impurity); ravishing; m. thief; pearl necklace; -muktâ, f. pl. pearls of a necklace; -yashti, f. (--°ree; &ibrevcirc;) string of pearls; -latâ, f. id.; N.
hāstina a. belonging to the ele phant (AV.); having the depth of an ele phant (water; C.): -pura, n. = Hastinâ pura.
himāṃśu m. moon: -mâlin, m. id.; -½âgama, m. beginning of (the cold=) winter; -½akala, m. snow-mountain, Himâ laya: -½indra, m. chief of snow-mountains, Himâlaya; -½atyaya, m. end of the cold sea son; -½adri, m. Himâlaya.
huṃkāra m. the sound hum (ex pressive of a threat or disgust); trumpeting (of an elephant), lowing (of a cow), twanging (of a bow); -krita, pp., v. hum; n. exclama tion hum (expressive of anger); lowing (of a cow); roar (of thunder); -kriti, f. sound hum (= -kâra).
hṛt a. (--°ree;) bringing; stealing, robbing; taking away, dispelling, putting an end to.
hiryagbha a. belonging etc. to Hiranyagarbha; m. pat. of Manu; -stûpa, a. (î) composed by Hiranyastûpa.
haimavatā a. (&isharp;) belonging to, situated or growing on, bred in, coming from the Himavat; -î, f. pat. of the Ganges and of Pârvatî.
haimtā a. (&isharp;) belonging to winter (hemanta), wintry.
haimanā a. (î) belonging to winter (heman), wintry.
hayāsa ad. yesterday: -tana, a. (î) be longing to yesterday: î, f. personal termina tions of the imperfect.
hu्ya a. belonging to the oblation or sacrifice (homa).
homina a. sacrificing (--°ree;); -îya, a. belonging to or meant for the sacrifice or oblation.
ho्rīya n. (relating to the Hotri or sacrificer), priestly office (RV.1); -&isharp;ya, a. be longing etc. to the Hotri or the Hotrakas (V.).
Bloomfield Vedic
Concordance
987 results0 results44 results
agnir vanaspatīnām adhipatiḥ (AVP. adhyakṣaḥ) sa māvatu (AVP. has sa māvatu at the beginning of the following formula) # AVś.5.24.2; AVP.15.7.8. P: agnir vanaspatīnām Vait.8.13.
aṅgavate svāhā # KSA.5.3. See aṅgine.
idam ahaṃ tān valagān ud vapāmi yān nas sanābhir yān asanābhir (also yān nas svo yān araṇo) nicakhāna # KS.2.11. Cf. items beginning with idam ahaṃ taṃ valagam.
idam ahaṃ tān valagān ud vapāmi yān me bhrātṛvyo yān abhrātṛvyo nicakhāna ye aṃsadaghne # MS.1.2.10: 20.6. Cf. items beginning with idam ahaṃ taṃ valagam.
idam ahaṃ tān valagān ud vapāmi yān me sajanyo yān asajanyo (KS. vapāmi yān nas samāno yān asamāno) nicakhāna ye śīrṣadaghne (KS. omits ye śīrṣadaghne) # MS.1.2.10: 20.7; KS.25.9. Cf. items beginning with idam ahaṃ taṃ valagam.
indraḥ karmaṇām adhyakṣaḥ (with sa māvatu at the beginning of the following formula) # AVP.15.7.9. Cf. indro divo 'dhipatiḥ.
indrāgacha hariva āgacha (JB. also indrāgacha haribhyām āyāhi) medhātither meṣa vṛṣaṇaśvasya mene gaurāvaskandinn ahalyāyai jāra kauśika brāhmaṇa gautama bruvāṇa (JB. also kauśika brāhmaṇa kauśika bruvāṇa) # JB.2.79--80; śB.3.3.4.18; TA.1.12.3; Lś.1.3.1. P: indrāgacha ṣB.1.1.10,11 (followed by the rest, 1.1.12--23). Designated as subrahmaṇyā AB.6.3.1; KB.27.6; śB.4.6.9.25; TB.3.8.1.2; 12.9.6; Aś.8.13.28; 12.4.19; Vait.15.4; 34.4; Apś.20.1.7; 21.12.10; 22.6.6; MDh.9.12.6; see also the formulas beginning subrahmaṇya upa. Cf. agna āgacha.
ugrād abhiprabhaṅgiṇaḥ # RV.8.45.35b.
ut tiṣṭha prehi pra drava # AVś.18.3.8a; TA.6.4.2a. Ps: ut tiṣṭha prehi Kauś.80.35; ut tiṣṭha Kauś.8.31. The stanzas beginning here are designated as utthāpanyaḥ (sc. ṛcaḥ) Vait.37.23; Kauś.82.31; 83.20,23; 84.13. Cf. under ud īrṣva nāry.
ūrjasvāṃś ca payasvāṃś ca # AVś.19.46.6d. AVP.4.23.6 divides differently, putting ūrjasvāṃś ca at the end of pāda c, and payasvāṃś ca at the beginning of pāda d. See śaṃbhūś ca, and payasvāṃś cāstṛtas.
oṣiṣṭhahanaṃ śiṅgīnikośyābhyām (TA. -kośābhyām) # TS.1.4.36.1; TA.3.21.1. See vasiṣṭhahanuḥ.
kāmo haviṣāṃ mandiṣṭho 'gne tvaṃ su jāgṛhi # MS.1.2.3ab: 12.3 (so mss.: the verse properly begins agne tvaṃ, q.v.). P: kāmo haviṣāṃ mandiṣṭhaḥ Mś.2.1.3.11.
kṛṇomi bhaginaṃ mā # AVś.6.129.1c.
kṛtyākṛtaṃ valaginam # AVś.5.31.12a; AVP.1.47.4a. Cf. kṛtyākṛto.
kṛtyākṛto valaginaḥ # AVś.10.1.31a. Cf. kṛtyākṛtaṃ.
candramā nakṣatrāṇām adhipatiḥ (AVP. adhyakṣaḥ) sa māvatu (AVP. has sa māvatu at the beginning of the following formula) # AVś.5.24.10; AVP.15.7.5. See prec.
tena mā bhāginaṃ kuru # AVś.6.129.2c,3c.
tvaṣṭā rūpāṇām adhyakṣaḥ (with sa māvatu at the beginning of the following formula) # AVP.15.8.2. Cf. under tvaṣṭaḥ samidhāṃ.
dhruvoḥ # Mś.4.6.4 (a magic formula or its beginning).
namaḥ kakubhāya niṣaṅgiṇe # VSK.17.2.4; TS.4.5.3.1. See namo niṣaṅgiṇe kakubhāya.
namo niṣaṅgiṇa iṣudhimate # VS.16.21; TS.4.5.3.1; MS.2.9.3: 123.4; KS.17.12; ApMB.2.18.46 (ApG.7.20.16); HG.2.9.6. Cf. next but one.
namo niṣaṅgiṇe kakubhāya # VS.16.20; VSK.17.2.4; MS.2.9.3: 123.2; KS.17.12. See namaḥ kakubhāya.
namo niṣaṅgiṇe ceṣudhimate ca # VS.16.36; TS.4.5.7.1; MS.2.9.7: 125.12; KS.17.14. Cf. prec. but one.
niṣaṅgiṇa upa spṛśata (ApMB. niṣaṅginn upa spṛśa) # HG.2.9.2,5; ApMB.2.18.45 (ApG.7.20.6).
niṣaṅginn etc. # see niṣaṅgiṇa.
niṣaṅgibhyaḥ svāhā # HG.2.9.2,5. See niṣaṅgiṇe.
pitaraḥ pare 'varas tatas tatāmahas (with te māvantu at the beginning of the following formula) # AVP.15.9.4. Cf. next two, and AVś.5.24.15--17.
puruṣasūkta pauruṣasūkta, and the like # GDh.19.12; ViDh.56.15,26; 64.23,38; 65.15; 86.12; VāDh.22.9; 26.7; 28.13; BDh.3.10.10; MDh.11.252; LHDh.4.55; VHDh.2.13; 4.30,85,127; 5.136,195,211,216,378,404,406,555,566; 7.69,103,258; 8.31; LAtDh.2.6; VAtDh.2.6; SaṃvartaDh.224; BṛhPDh.9.319; Rvidh.3.26.3; 29.5; 35.1. Designation of the hymn beginning sahasraśīrṣā, q.v.
bhindhi śiraḥ kṛmer jāyāṃ nyasya (the edition puts nyasya at the beginning of pāda d) # AVP.1.87.1c.
mayi rāyo mayi rakṣaḥ (originally dakṣaḥ ?) # MS.4.9.13: 134.5.
mahānāmnyaḥ (sc. ṛcaḥ) # AVś.11.7.6; VS.23.35; KS.10.10; TS.5.2.11.1; AB.4.4.1; 5.7.1; 6.24.7; KB.23.2; śB.13.5.1.10; PB.13.4.1; ṣB.3.11; TA.1.1.2; 21.1; Aś.7.12.10; 8.2.23; 14.2; śś.10.6.10; 12.6.9; 16.8.1,2; Lś.3.5.13; 7.5.2,5; 10.2.1,2; Apś.20.13.1; śG.2.12.13; GG.3.2.6,28; GDh.19.12; BDh.3.10.10; Rvidh.4.25.1; Svidh.1.4.6,12; 2.7.1. Designation of the mantras beginning with vidā maghavan, q.v. See the prec. three, and next.
māntar gāta bhāginaṃ bhāgadheyāt # Apś.6.8.11b.
mām agne bhāginaṃ kuru # ApMB.2.6.12d. Cf. mām indra.
mām indra bhaginaṃ kṛṇu # AVś.7.12.3d. Cf. mām agne.
yajamānaṃ tamo vidat (Kś. vidan martvijaḥ: the additional words figure as the beginning of the second pāda in the other texts) # TB.3.7.8.3a; Kś.25.12.5a; Apś.14.30.3a. See memaṃ yajñaṃ tamo.
yaḥ puṣṭāni saṃsṛjati dvayāni (TSṃS.KS. trayāṇi) # AVś.4.24.7b; TS.4.7.15.2b; MS.3.16.5b: 190.12; KS.22.15b. AVP.4.39.7b prefixes to this mantra the word vaśī, properly belonging to the preceding pāda. See vaśī yaḥ puṣṭāni.
yamaḥ pitṝṇām adhipatiḥ (AVP. adhyakṣaḥ) sa māvatu (AVP. has sa māvatu at the beginning of the following formula) # AVś.5.24.14; AVP.15.9.3.
yaṃ bahava upajīvanti yo janānām asad vaśī taṃ videya prajāṃ videya # Aś.1.11.1. Two metrical pādas at the beginning.
yāvadaṅgīnaṃ pārasvatam # AVś.6.72.3a. P: yāvadaṅgīnam Kauś.40.17.
sarasvatī viśobhagīnā tasyāṃ me rāsva tasyās te bhaktivāno bhūyāsma # Apś.4.13.7. See the two after next.
sarasvatī viśobhagīnā tasyai svāhā # Apś.3.10.2. See next but three.
sarasvatī veśabhaginī tasyā no rāsva tasyās te bhaktivāno bhūyāsma # KS.5.4. See prec. but one, and next.
sarasvatī veśabhagīnā tasyās te bhaktivāno bhūyāsma # MS.1.4.3: 51.8. P: yā sarasvatī veśabhagīnā Mś.1.4.3.3. See prec., and prec. but two.
sarasvatī veśabhagīnā tasyai svāhā # Apś.3.10.2.
Dictionary of Sanskrit Search
"gin" has 385 results
aprayoginnot-found in actual use among the people although mentioned in the śāstra-texts; a mute indicatory letter or letters. confer, compare अप्रयोगी इत् Sāk. I.1.5 Hem I.1.37 Jain.I.2.3 and M.Bh. Kaiyaṭa's Mahābhāṣyapradīpa.on III.8.31.
upaliṅgina substituted word element; confer, compare शेवः इति सुखनाम । शिष्यतेः वकारः नामकरणः अन्तस्थान्तरोपलिङ्गी विभाषितगुणः | शिवम् Nirukta of Yāska.X. I7.
pratiyeginnegative counterpart;confer, compare न चान्तरेण प्रतियोगिनं स्पर्धा भवति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on II. 1.69. Vart. 6; also M.Bh.on VIII. 8.4 Vart. 8; corresponding term; ct. प्रथमग्रहणं च तियोग्यपेक्षत्वान्नोपयुज्यते Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on V. 3.1.
a(1)the first letter of the alphabet in Sanskrit and its derived languages, representing the sound a (अ): (2) the vowel a (अ) representing in grammatical treatises, except when Prescribed as an affix or an augment or a substitute,all its eighteen varieties caused by accentuation or nasalisation or lengthening: (3) personal ending a (अ) of the perfeminine. second.pluraland first and third person.singular.; (4) kṛt affix c (अ) prescribed especially after the denominative and secondary roots in the sense of the verbal activity e. g. बुभुक्षा, चिन्ता, ईक्षा, चर्चा et cetera, and othersconfer, compare अ प्रत्ययात् et cetera, and others (P.III 3.102-106); (5) sign of the aorist mentioned as añ (अङ्) or cañ (चङ्) by Pāṇini in P. III i.48 to 59 exempli gratia, for example अगमत्, अचीकरत्; (6) conjugational sign mentioned as śap (शप्) or śa (श) by Pāṇini in P. III.1.68, 77. exempli gratia, for example भवति, तुदति et cetera, and others; (7) augment am (अम्) as prescribed by P. VI.1.58; exempli gratia, for example द्रष्टा, द्रक्ष्यति; (8) augment aṭ (अट्) prefixed to a root in the imperfeminine. and aorist tenses and in the conditional mood e. g. अभवत्, अभूत्, अभविष्यत् confer, compare P. VI.4.71; (8) kṛt affix a (अ) prescribed as अङ्, अच्, अञ्, अण्, अन्, अप्, क, ख, घ, ञ, ड् , ण, et cetera, and others in the third Adhyāya of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī.; (9) taddhita affix. affix a (अ) mentioned by Pāṇini as अच्, अञ् अण्, अ et cetera, and others in the fourth and the fifth chapters of the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. of Pāṇini; (10) the samāsānta affix a (अ), as also stated in the form of the samāsānta affixes (डच् , अच्, टच्, ष्, अष् and अञ्) by Pāṇini in V.4.73 to 121;(11) substitute a (अश्) accented grave for इदम before case-affixes beginning with the inst. instrumental case. case: (12) remnant (अ) of the negative particle नञ् after the elision of the consonant n (न्) by नलोपो नञः P. vi.3.73.
akṣaraa letter of the alphabet, such as a (अ) or i (इ) or h (ह) or y (य्) or the like. The word was originally applied in the Prātiśākhya works to vowels (long, short as also protracted), to consonants and the ayogavāha letters which were tied down to them as their appendages. Hence अक्षर came later on to mean a syllable i. e. a vowel with a consonant or consonants preceding or following it, or without any consonant at all. confer, compare ओजा ह्रस्वाः सप्तमान्ताः स्वराणामन्ये दीर्घा उभये अक्षराणि R Pr. I 17-19 confer, compareएकाक्षरा, द्व्यक्षरा et cetera, and others The term akṣara was also applied to any letter (वर्ण), be it a vowel or a consonant, cf, the terms एकाक्षर, सन्ध्यक्षर, समानाक्षर used by Patañjali as also by the earlier writers. For the etymology of the term see Mahābhāṣya अक्षरं न क्षरं विद्यात्, अश्नोतेर्वा सरोक्षरम् । वर्णे वाहुः पूर्वसूत्रे । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Āhnika 2 end.
akṣarasamāmnāyaalphabet: traditional enumeration of phonetically independent letters generally beginning with the vowel a (अ). Although the number of letters and the order in which they are stated differ in different treatises, still, qualitatively they are much the same. The Śivasūtras, on which Pāṇini's grammar is based, enumerate 9 vowels, 4 semi-vowels, twenty five class-consonants and 4 | sibilants. The nine vowels are five simple vowels or monothongs (समानाक्षर) as they are called in ancient treatises, and the four diphthongs, (सन्ध्यक्षर ). The four semi-vowels y, v, r, l, ( य् व् र् ल् ) or antasthāvarṇa, the twenty five class-consonants or mutes called sparśa, and the four ūṣman letters ś, ṣ, s and h ( श् ष् स् ह् ) are the same in all the Prātiśākhya and grammar works although in the Prātiśākhya works the semi-vowels are mentioned after the class consonants.The difference in numbers, as noticed, for example in the maximum number which reaches 65 in the VājasaneyiPrātiśākhya, is due to the separate mention of the long and protracted vowels as also to the inclusion of the Ayogavāha letters, and their number. The Ayogavāha letters are anusvāra, visarjanīya,jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya, nāsikya, four yamas and svarabhaktī. The Ṛk Prātiśākhya does not mention l (लृ), but adding long ā (अा) i (ई) ,ū (ऊ) and ṛ (ऋ) to the short vowels, mentions 12 vowels, and mentioning 3 Ayogavāhas (< क्, = प् and अं) lays down 48 letters. The Ṛk Tantra Prātiśākhya adds the vowel l (लृ) (short as also long) and mentions 14 vowels, 4 semivowels, 25 mutes, 4 sibilants and by adding 10 ayogavāhas viz. 4 yamas, nāsikya, visarjanīya, jihvāmulīya, upadhmānīya and two kinds of anusvāra, and thus brings the total number to 57. The Ṛk Tantra makes a separate enumeration by putting diphthongs first, long vowles afterwards and short vowels still afterwards, and puts semi-vowels first before mutes, for purposes of framing brief terms or pratyāhāras. This enumeration is called varṇopadeśa in contrast with the other one which is called varṇoddeśa. The Taittirīya prātiśākhya adds protracted vowels and lays down 60 letters : The Ṣikṣā of Pāṇini lays down 63 or 64 letters, while the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya gives 65 letters. confer, compare Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.VIII. 1-25. The alphabet of the modern Indian Languages is based on the Varṇasamāmnāya given in the Vājasaneyi-prātiśākhya. The Prātiśākhyas call this enumeration by the name Varṇa-samāmnāya. The Ṛk tantra uses the terms Akṣara samāmnāya and Brahmarāśi which are picked up later on by Patañjali.confer, compare सोयमक्षरसमाम्नायो वाक्समाम्नायः पुष्पितः फलितश्चन्द्रतारकवत् प्रतिमण्डितो वेदितव्यो ब्रह्मराशिः । सर्ववेदपुण्यफलावाप्तिश्चास्य ज्ञाने भवति । मातापितरौ चास्य स्वर्गे लोके महीयेते । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Ahnika.2-end.
agrathe original Samhita text as opposed to pratṛṇna ( प्रतृण्ण ) or padapāṭha, (पदपाठ) which is the recital of separate words.
aṭ(1)token term standing for vowels and semi-vowels excepting l ( ल्) specially mentioned as not interfering with the substitution of ṇ ( ण् ) for n ( न् ) exempli gratia, for example गिरिणा, आर्येण, खर्वेण et cetera, and others Sec P.VIII.4.2; (2) augment a (अट्) with an acute accent, which is prefixed to verbal forms in the imperfect and the aorist tenses and the conditional mood. exempli gratia, for example अभवत्, अभूत्, अभविष्यत् Sec P.IV.4.71; (3) augment a ( अट् ) prescribed in the case of the roots रुद्, स्वप् et cetera, and others before a Sārvadhātuka affix beginning with any consonant except y ( य्), exempli gratia, for example अरोदत्, अस्वपत्, अजक्षत्, आदत् et cetera, and others; see P.VII.3, 99, 100;(4) augment a ( अट् ) prefixed sometimes in Vedic Literature to affixes of the Vedic subjunctive (लेट्) exempli gratia, for example तारिवत्, मन्दिवत् et cetera, and others see P.III.4.94.
aṇ(1)token term ( प्रत्याहार ) for all vowels and semivowels which, when prescribed for an operation, include all such of their sub-divisions as are caused by length, protraction accent or nasalization. cf अणुदित्सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्ययः P. I.1.60;(2) token term for the vowels अ, इ and उ in all Pānini's rules except in the rule I.1.69 given a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. e.g see ढ्रलोपे पूर्वस्य दीर्घोणः P.VI.3. 111, केऽणः P.VII.4.13. and अणोऽ प्रगृह्यस्य. P.VIII.4.57: (3) tad, affix. a ( अ ) prescribed generally in the various senses such as 'the offspring', 'dyed in,' 'belonging to' et cetera, and others except in cases where other specific affixes are prescribed cf प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् P. IV.1.83; (4) kṛ. affix a ( अ ), applied, in the sense of an agent, to a root with an antecedent word (उपपद) standing as its object. e. g. कुम्भकारः, see P.III.2.1: काण्डलावः, see P.III.3.12.
aṇādia term applied to all taddhita suffixes collectively as they begin with अण् confer, compare P.IV.1.83.
atideśaextended application; transfer or conveyance or application of the character or qualities or attributes of one thing to another. Atideśa in Sanskrit grammar is a very common feature prescribed by Pāṇini generally by affixing the taddhita affix. affix मत् or वत् to the word whose attributes are conveyed to another. e. g. लोटो लङ्वत् P. III. 4.85. In some cases the atideśa is noticed even without the affix मत् or वत्; exempli gratia, for exampleगाङ्कुटादिभ्योऽञ्णिन् ङित् P. 1.2.1 . Atideśa is generally seen in all grammatical terms which end with 'vadbhāva' e. g. स्थानिवद्भाव (P.I.1.56-59), सन्वद्भाव (P.VII.4.93), अन्तादिवद्भाव (P. VI.1.85), अभूततद्भाव (P.IV.60) and others. Out of these atideśas, the स्थानिवद्भाव is the most important one, by virtue of which sometimes there is a full representation id est, that is substitution of the original form called sthānin in the place of the secondary form called ādeśa. This full representation is called रूपातिदेश as different from the usual one which is called कार्यातिदेश, confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). VIII.1.90 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1 and VIII.1.95. Vart.3. Regarding the use of अतिदेश there is laid down a general dictum सामान्यातिदेशे विशेषानतिदेशः when an operation depending on the general properties of a thing could be taken by extended application, an operation depending on special properties should not be taken by virtue of the same : e. g. भूतवत् in P. III.3.132 means as in the case of the general past tense and not in the case of any special past tense like the imperfect ( अनद्यतन ) , or the perfect ( परोक्ष ). See Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 101, Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. III. 3. 132. There is also a general dictum अतिदेशिकमनित्यम्whatever is transferred by an extended application, need not, be necessarily taken. See Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. 93.6 as also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.I.1.123 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini).4, I.2.1 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3, II.3.69 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini).2 et cetera, and others, Kaiyaṭa on II. 1.2 and VI.4.22 and Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. on P. I.1.56 and P. I.2.58 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 8. The dictum अातिदेशिकमनित्यम् is given as a Paribhāṣā by Nāgeśa confer, compare Pari. Śek. 93. 6.
atisvārya(अतिस्वार also)name of the seventh musical note in the singing of Sāman. confer, compareक्रष्टुप्रथमद्वितीयतृतीयचतुर्थमन्द्रातिस्वार्याः Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XXIII. 13.
atulyabalanot having the same force: not belonging to the same type out of the four types of rules viz. पर, नित्य, अन्तरङ्ग and अपवाद. confer, compare अतुल्यबलयोः स्पर्धो न भवति Jainendra Pari. 66.
adādiname given to the class of roots belonging to the second conjugation, as the roots therein begin with the root अद्. The word अदिप्रभृति is also used in the same sense; confer, compare अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः p.II. 4.72: confer, comparealso अदाद्यनदाद्योरनदादेरेव given by Hemacandra as a Paribhāṣā corresponding to the maxim लुग्विकरणालुग्विकरणयोरलुग्विकरणस्य Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana. Pari.61.
adhyavasāyadetermination to begin an activity with a view to get the fruit. confer, compare य एष मनुष्यः प्रेक्षापूर्वकारी स बुद्ध्या कंचिदर्थं संपश्यति, संदृष्टे प्रार्थना, प्रार्थिते अध्यवसायः,म् अध्यवसाये आरम्भः, आरम्भे निर्वृत्तिः, निर्वृत्तौ फलावाप्तिः confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.3.14 and I.4.32.
anaḍ(1)substitute अन् as Samāsānta at the end of a Bahuvrīhi compound in the feminine for the last letter of the word ऊधस् and for that of धनुस् in all genders exempli gratia, for example कुण्डोघ्नी (by applying ई to कुण्डोधन्), शार्ङ्गधन्वा, अधिज्यधन्वा; confer, compare P V.4.131, 132; (2) substitute अन् for the last letter of the words अस्थि, दधि et cetera, and others before the affixes of the instrumental and the following cases beginning with a vowel e. g. अस्थ्ना, दध्ना, अक्ष्णा et cetera, and others confer, compare P. VII. 1.75; (3) substitute अन् for the last letter of the word सखि, of words ending in ऋ,as also of उशनस् and others before the nominative singular. affix सु. e. g. सखा, कर्ता, उशना confer, compare P. VII.1.93, 94.
anādeśa(1)original, not such as is substituted: exempli gratia, for example युष्मदस्मदोरनादेशे P.VII. 2.86; (2) absence of statement, अनिर्देश exempli gratia, for example कर्तरि कृद्वचनमनादेशे स्वार्थविज्ञानात् P. III.4.67, Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1: cf the Pari. अनिर्दिष्टार्थाः प्रत्ययाः स्वार्थे भवन्ति Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 113.
anirdaprathamaan underived word: an ancient term used by writers of the Prātiśākhyas to signify 'original' words which cannot be subjected to निर्वचन.
anukaraṇa(1)imitation; a word uttered in imitation of another; an imitative name: confer, compare अनुकरणे चानितिपरम् P.I.4.62; अनुकरणं हि शिष्टशिष्टाप्रतिषिद्धेषु यथा लौकिकवैदिकेषु, Śiva sūtra 2 Vārt 1; confer, compare also प्रकृतिवद् अनुकरणं भवति an imitative name is like its original Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 36; also M.Bh. on VIII. 2.46; (2) imitative word, onomatopoetic word; confer, compare एवं ह्याहुः कुक्कुटाः कुक्कुड् इति । नैवं त आहुः । अनुकरणमेतत्तेषाम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.3.48. confer, compare also दुन्दुभि: इति शब्दानुकरणम् Nirukta of Yāska.IX. 12.
anukarṣaṇadragging (from the preceding rule) to the following rule taking the previous rule or a part of it as understood in the following rule or rules in order; the same as अनुवृत्ति; confer, compare अनुकर्षणार्थश्चकारः Kāś. on II. 4.18, III.2.26, VII. 1.48: cf also the Paribhāṣā; चानुकृष्टं नोत्तरत्र -that which is attracted from a preceding rule by the particle च is not valid in the rule that follows; Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 78.
anukramaṇaenumeration (in the right order as.opposed to व्युत्क्रम ); e. g. अथ किमर्थमुत्तरत्र एवमादि अनुक्रमणं क्रियते Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on II.1.58; also on IV. 2.70; verbal forms of the root क्रम् with अनु occur in this sense very frequently; exempli gratia, for example यदित ऊर्ध्वं अनुक्रमिष्यामः; so also the past passive participle. अनुक्रान्तं occurs frequently in the same sense. अनुतन्त्र literally that which follows Tantra id est, that is Śāstra which means the original rules of a Śāstra; technical term for Vartika used by Bhartṛhari;confer, compare सूत्राणां सानुतन्त्राणां भाष्याणां च प्रणेतृभिः Vāk. Pad. I.23, where the word अनुतन्त्र is explained as Vārtika by the commentator.
anudāttetliterally one whose mute significatory letter is uttered with a grave accent: a term applied to a root characterized by an indicatory mute vowel accented grave, the chief feature of such a root being that it takes only the Ātmanepada affixes c. g. आस्ते, वस्ते, et cetera, and others; confer, compare अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् P. I.3.12; such a root, in forming a derivative word in the sense of habit, takes the affix युच् e. g. वर्त्तनः, वर्धन: et cetera, and others provided the root begins with a consonant; confer, compare अनुदात्तेतश्र हलादेः P. III.2.149.
anudāttopadeśa(a root)pronounced originally i. c. pronounced in the Dhātupāṭha with a grave accent; see the word अनुदात्त a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.: confer, compare अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि ङ्किति P. VI.4.37. See also the word अनिट् a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page..
antakaraṇaliterally bringing about as the final; an affix (which is generally put at the end); ancient term for an affix: confer, compareएतेः कारितं च यकारादिं चान्तकरणम्। अस्तेः शुद्धं च सकारादिं च । Nirukta of Yāska.I.13
antāmaffix of the imperative 3rd person. plur. or Ātmanep. Ātmanepada, substituted for the original affix झ, e. g. एधन्ताम्.
antiaffix of the present tense. 3rd person. plural Paras, substituted for the original affix झि, e. g. कुर्वन्ति, भवन्ति.
antuaffix of the imperative 3rd person. plural Paras. substituted for the original affix झि. exempli gratia, for example भवन्तु, कुर्वन्तु
anteaffix of the present tense. 3rd person. plural or Ātmanep. Ātmanepada substituted for the original affix झ, e g. एधन्ते वर्तन्ते.
aprakṛtisvaratvanon-retention of the original word accents; confer, compare तत्र यस्य गतेरप्रकृतिस्वरत्वं तस्मादन्तेादात्वं प्राप्नोति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VI.2.49. See the word प्रकृतिस्वरत्व.
abhedakanot bringing about a difference; not making different; nondiscriminant; confer, compare गुणाः अभेदकाः Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 109 confer, compare ननु च भो अभेदका अपि च गुणा दृश्यन्ते M. Bh on I.1.1.
avagraha(1)separation of a compound word into its component elements as shown in the Pada-Pāṭha of the Vedic Saṁhitās. In the Padapāṭha, individual words are shown separately if they are combined by Saṁdhi rules or by the formation of a compound in the Saṁhitāpāṭha; exempli gratia, for example पुरोहितम् in the Saṁhitāpāṭha is read as पुरःsहितम्. In writing, there is observed the practice of placing the sign (ऽ) between the two parts, about which nothing can be said as to when and how it originatedition The AtharvaPrātiśākhya defines अवग्रह as the separation of two padas joined in Saṁhitā. (Atharvaveda Prātiśākhya. II.3.25; II.4.5). In the recital of the pada-pāṭha, when the word-elements are uttered separately, there is a momentary pause measuring one matra or the time required for the utterance of a short vowel. (See for details Vāj. Prāt. Adhāya 5). (2) The word अवग्रह is also used in the sense of the first out of the two words or members that are compounded together. See Kāśikā on P.VIII.4.26; confer, compare also तस्य ( इङ्ग्यस्य ) पूर्वपदमवग्रहः यथा देवायत इति देव-यत. Tai. Pr. I. 49. The term अवग्रह is explained in the Mahābhāṣya as 'separation, or splitting up of a compound word into its constitutent parts; confer, compare छन्दस्यानङोवग्रहो दृश्येत पितामह इति ।(Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on IV.2.36); also confer, compare यद्येवमवग्रहः प्राप्नोति । न लक्षणेन पदकारा अनुवर्त्याः। पदकारैर्नाम लक्षणमनुवर्त्यम् । यथालक्षणं पदं कर्तव्यम् (Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on III.1.109) where the Bhāṣyakāra has definitely stated that the writers of the Padapāṭha have to split up a word according to the rules of Grammar. (3) In recent times, however, the word अवग्रह is used in the sense of the sign (ऽ) showing the coalescence of अ (short or long) with the preceding अ (short or long ) or with the preceding ए or ओ exempli gratia, for example शिवोऽ र्च्यः, अत्राऽऽगच्छ. (4) The word is also used in the sense of a pause, or an interval of time when the constituent elements of a compound word are shown separately; confer, compare समासेवग्रहो ह्रस्वसमकालः (Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.V.1). (5) The word is also used in the sense of the absence of Sandhi when the Sandhi is admissible.
avṛddhaliterallynot beginning with the vowel अा, ऐ or औ; a word which has got no अा or ऐ, or औ as its first vowel, as for example ग्लुचुक, अहिचुम्बक et cetera, and others इरावती, नर्मदा यमुना etc; confer, compare प्राचामवृद्धात् फिन् बहुलम् P.IV.1.160. also अवृद्धाभ्यो नदीमानुषीभ्यस्तन्नामिकाभ्यः P.IV. 1.113.
(1)Pratyāhāra or a brief term standing for all vowels, semivowels, and the fifth, fourth and third of the class-consonants; all letters excepting the surds and sibilants; (2) substitute अ for the word इदम् before affixes of cases beginning with the instrumental, and for एतद् before the taddhita affix. affixes त्र and तस्; see P.II.4.32 and 33; (3) substitute अ for the genitive case singular. case-affix ङस् after the words युष्मद् and अस्मद्; see P.VII.1.27.
aṣṭādhyāyīname popularly given to the Sūtrapāṭha of Pāṇini consisting of eight books (adhyāyas) containing in all 3981 Sūtras,as found in the traditional recital, current at the time of the authors of the Kāśika. Out of these 398l Sūtras, seven are found given as Vārtikas in the Mahābhāṣya and two are found in Gaṇapāṭha.The author of the Mahābhāṣya has commented upon only 1228 of these 3981 sūtras. Originally there were a very few differences of readings also, as observed by Patañjali ( see Mbh on I.4.1 ); but the text was fixed by Patañjali which, with a few additions made by the authors of the Kāśika,as observed a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page., has traditionally come down to the present day. The Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. is believed to be one of the six Vedāṅga works which are committed to memory by the reciters of Ṛgveda. The text of the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. is recited without accents. The word अष्टाध्यायी was current in Patañjali's time; confer, compare शिष्टज्ञानार्था अष्टाध्यायी Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on VI. 3.109.
asiddhainvalid; of suspended validity for the time being: not functioning for the time being. The term is frequently used in Pāṇini's system of grammar in connection with rules or operations which are prevented, or held in suspense, in connection with their application in the process of the formation of a word. The term (असिद्ध) is also used in connection with rules that have applied or operations that have taken place, which are, in certain cases, made invalid or invisible as far as their effect is concerned and other rules are applied or other operations are allowed to take place, which ordinarily have been prevented by those rules which are made invalid had they not been invalidatedition Pāṇini has laid down this invalidity on three different occasions (1) invalidity by the rule पूर्वत्रासिद्धम् VIII.2.1. which makes a rule or operation in the second, third and fourth quarters of the eighth chapter of the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. invalid when any preceding rule is to be applied, (2) invalidity by the rule असिद्धवदत्राभात् which enjoins mutual invalidity in the case of operations prescribed in the Ābhīya section beginning with the rule असिद्धवत्राभात् (VI. 4.22.) and going on upto the end of the Pāda (VI.4.175), (3) invalidity of the single substitute for two letters, that has already taken place, when ष् is to be substituted for स्, or the letter त् is to be prefixed, confer, compare षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः (VI. 1.86). Although Pāṇini laid down the general rule that a subsequent rule or operation, in case of conflict, supersedes the preceding rule, in many cases it became necessary for him to set, that rule aside, which he did by means of the stratagem of invalidity given a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.. Subsequent grammarians found out a number of additional cases where it became necessary to supersede the subseguent rule which they did by laying down a dictum of invalidity similar to that of Pāṇini. The author of the Vārttikas, hence, laid down the doctrine that rules which are nitya or antaraṅga or apavāda, are stronger than, and hence supersede, the anitya, bahiraṅga and utsarga rules respectively. Later gram marians have laid down in general, the invalidity of the bahiraṅga rule when the antaraṅga rule occurs along with it or subsequent to it. For details see Vol. 7 of Vvyākaraṇa Mahābhāṣya(D. E. Society's edition) pages 217-220. See also Pari. Śek. Pari. 50.
asthaअ, अा and अा३. This term is used in Ṛk Tantra confer, compare अस्थनामिनी सन्ध्यम् R.T.94, अस्थ possibly means 'belonging to अ i. e. all the three grades ह्रस्व, दीर्घ and प्लुत of अ'.
ākusmīyaa group of 43 roots of the चुरादि class of roots beginning with the root चित् and ending with कुस्म् which are Ātmanepadin only.
aāgantukaliterally adventitious, an additional wording generally at the end of roots to show distinctly their form exempli gratia, for example वदि, एधि, सर्ति et cetera, and others; confer, compare इन्धिभवतिभ्यां च P I.2.6: confer, compare also भावलक्षणे स्थेण्कृञ्वदिचरिहृतभिजनिभ्यस्तोमुन्, P.III.4.16, सृपिवृदो. कसुन् P. III.4.17 and a number of other sūtras where इ or तिं is added to the root confer, compare इक्श्तिपौ धातुनिर्देशे, वर्णात्कारः, रादिफः P.III.3.108 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2.3. 4, where such appendages to be added to the roots or letters are given. The word अागन्तु is an old word used in the Nirukta, but the term आगन्तुक appears to be used for the first time for such forms by Haradatta; confer, compare ह्वरोरिति ह्वृ कौटिल्ये, आगन्तुकेकारे गुणेन निर्देशः Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. on VII.2.31. In the traditional oral explanations the second part of a reduplicated word is termed अागन्तुक which is placed second i. e. after the original by virtue of the convention आगन्तूनामन्ते निवेशः, although in fact, it is said to possess the sense of the root in contrast with the first which is called abhyāsa.A nice distinction can, however be drawn between the four kinds of adventitious wordings found in grammar viz.आगन्तु, इत्, अभ्यास and आगम which can be briefly stated as follows; The former two do not form a regular part of the word and are not found in the actual use of the word; besides, they do not possess any sense, while the latter two are found in actual use and they are possessed of sense. Again the agantu word is simply used for facility of understanding exactly and correctly the previous word which is really wanted; the इत् wording, besides serving this purpose, is of use in causing some grammatical operations. अभ्यास, is the first part of the wording which is wholly repeated and it possesses no sense by itself, while, āgama which is added to the word either at the beginning or at the end or inserted in the middle, forms a part of the word and possesses the sense of the word.
āgamaaugment, accrement, a word element which is added to the primitive or basic word during the process of the formation of a complete word or pada. The āgama is an adventitious word element and hence differs from ādeśa, the substitute which wholly takes the place of the original or ( आदेशिन् ). Out of the several āgamas mentioned by Pāṇini, those that are marked with mute ट् are prefixed, those, marked with क्, are affixed, while those, marked with म्, are placed immediately after the last vowel of the word. The augments become a part and parcel of the word to which they are added, and the characteristics of which they possess;confer, compareयदागमास्तद्गुणीभूतास्तद्ग्रहणेन गृह्यन्ते, also आगमानां आगमिधर्मिवैशिष्ट्यम् Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari.11. Those grammarians, who hold the view that words are unproduced and eternal, explain the addition of an augment as only the substitution of a word with an augment in the place of a word without an augment; confer, compare आदेशास्तर्हिमे भविष्यन्ति अनागमकानां सागमकाः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.20; I.1.46. The term āgama is defined as अन्यत्र विद्यमानस्तु यो वर्णः श्रुयतेधिकः । आगम्यमानतुल्यत्वात्स आगम इति स्मृतः Com. on Tait. Prāt.I. 23.
āgarvīyaa class of roots forming a subdivision of the Curādigaṇa or the tenth conjugation beginning with पद् and ending with गर्व् which are only ātmanepadin; exempli gratia, for example पदयते, मृगयते, अर्थयते, गर्वयते.
aāṭ(1)augment अा prefixed to roots beginning with a vowel in the imperfect, aorist and conditional, which is always accented (उदात्त); confer, compare P.VI.4.72; (2) augment अा prefixed to the imperative first person terminations, exempli gratia, for example करवाणि, करवै et cetera, and others; confer, compare P.III.4.92: (3) augment अा to be prefixed to caseaffixes which are डित् after nouns called nadī: exempli gratia, for example कुमार्यं; cf P.VII. 3.112.
ādādikabelonging to the second conjugation or class of roots which begins with the root अद्; confer, compare दैवादिकस्यैव ग्रहणं भविष्यति नादादिकस्य Pur.Pari. 67.
ādeśa(1)substitute as opposed to sthānin, the original. In Pāṇini's grammar there is a very general maxim, possessed of a number of exceptions, no doubt, that 'the substitute behaves like the original' (स्थानिवदादेशः अनल्विधौ P.I.1.56.); the application of this maxim is called स्थानिवद्भाव; for purposes of this स्थानिवद्भाव the elision (लोप) of a phonetic element is looked upon as a sort of substitute;confer, compare उपधालेपस्य स्थानिवत्त्वात् Kāś. on P.I.1.58. Grammarians many times look upon a complete word or a word-base as a substitute for another one, although only a letter or a syllable in the word is changed into another, as also when a letter or syllable is added to or dropped in a word; confer, compare पचतु, पचन्तु ... इमेप्यादेशाः । कथम् । अादिश्यते यः स आदेशः । इमे चाप्यादिश्यन्ते । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.56; cf also सर्वे सर्वपदादेशा दाक्षीपुत्रस्य पाणिनेः M.Bh. on P. I.1.20; confer, compare also अनागमकानां सागमका आदेशाः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.20: (2) indication, assignment; confer, compare योयं स्वरादेशः अन्तोदात्तं, वधेराद्युदात्तत्वं, स्वः स्वरितमिति अादेशः R.Pr.I.30-32; confer, compare also अादेशः उपदेशः commentary on Tai.-Prāt. II.20: confer, compare also अनादेशे अविकारः V.Pr.IV.131, where Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works.remarks यत्र उदात्तादीनां स्वराणां सन्धौ आदेशो न क्रियते तत्र अविकारः प्रत्येतव्यः । confer, compare also एकारो विभक्त्यादेशः छन्दसि A.Pr. II.1.2, where ए is prescribed as a substitute for a caseaffix and त्ये and अस्मे are cited as examples where the acute acent is also prescribed for the substitute ए.
ādeśinthat for which a substitute is prescribed; the original, sthānin: confer, compare आदेशिानामादेशाः confer, compare also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). On P.I.1.56.
ādya(1)premier; confer, compare इदमाद्यं पदस्थानं (व्याकरणनामकं ) सिद्धिसोपानपर्वणाम् Vāk. Pad. I.16; (2) preceding as opposed to succeeding (उत्तर); confer, compare सहाद्यैर्व्यञ्जनैः V.Pr.I.100 (3) original; confer, compare आद्यप्रकृतिः परमप्रकृतिः (original base) Bhāṣā Vṛtti. IV.1.93; (4) first, preceding, आद्ये योगे न व्यवाये तिङः स्यु; M.Bh. on III.1-91.
ādyudāttaa word beginning with an acute-accent id est, that is which has got the first vowel accented acute: words in the vocative case and words formed with an affix marked with a mute ञ् or न् are ādyudātta; confer, compareP. VI.1.197, 198: for illustrations in detail see P.VI.1.189-216.
ādhṛṣīyaa sub-division of roots belonging to the चुरादिगण or tenth conjugation beginning with युज् and ending with धृष् which take the Vikaraṇa णिच् optionally id est, that is which are also conjugated like roots of the first conjugation; exempli gratia, for example यीजयति,योजयते, योजति;साहयति-ते, सहति.
āp(1)common term for the feminine. endings टाप्, डाप् and चाप् given by Pāṇini in Adhy. IV, Pāda 1; confer, compare अव्ययादाप्सुपः P. II.4.82. P.IV.1.1.; P.VI.1.68; confer, compare also P.VI.3.63. P.VII.3.44; P.VII.3.106, 116; P.VII.4.15. et cetera, and others; (2) a brief term for case-affixes beginning with the inst. sing and ending with the locative case plural confer, compare अनाप्यकः P. VII.2.112.
ārdhadhātukaa term used in contrast to the term सार्वधातुक for such verbal and kṛt affixes, as are not personal endings of verbs nor marked with the mute letter श् confer, compare तिङ्शित् सार्वधातुकम् । आर्धधातुकं शेषः। P.III.4.113 and 114. The personal endings of verbs in the perfect tense and the benedictive mood are termed ārdhadhātuka, confer, compare P. III. 4.115, 116; while both the terms are promiscuously found utilised in the Vedic Literature; confer, compare P. III. 4. 117. The main utility of the ārdhadhātuka term is the augment इ ( इट् ) to be prefixed to the ārdhadhātuka affixes. The term आर्धधातुका was in use in works of the old Vaiyākaraṇas; confer, compare अथवा आर्धधातुकासु इति वक्ष्यामि कासु आर्धधातुकासु । उक्तिषु युक्तिषु रूढिषु प्रतीतिषु श्रुतिषु संज्ञासु M.Bh. on II. 4.35. It cannot be said how the term ārdhadhātuka originatedition Probably such affixes or pratyayas, like the kṛt affixes generally, as could be placed after certain roots only were called ārdhadhātuka, as contrasted with the verbal and the present participle affixes which were termed sārvadhātuka on account of their being found in use after every root.
ārdhadhātukādhikārathe topic or section in Pāṇini's grammar where operations, caused by the presence of an ārdhadhātuka affix ahead, are enumerated, beginning with the rule आर्धधातुके VI.4.46 and ending with न ल्यपि VI.4.69, Such operations are summed up in the stanza अतो लोपो चलोपश्च णिलोपश्च प्रयोजनम् । आल्लोप इत्वमेत्वं च चिण्वद्भावश्च सीयुटि; Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). as also Kāś, on VI.4.46.
āśubodha(1)name of a work on grammar written by Tārānātha called Tarka-vācaspatī, a reputed Sanskrit scholar of Bengal of the 19th century A.D. who compiled the great Sanskrit Dictionary named वाचस्पत्यकेाश and wrote commentaries on many Sanskrit Shastraic and classical works. The grammar called अाशुबोध is very useful for beginners; (2) name of an elementary grammar in aphorisms written by रामकिंकरसरस्वती, which is based on the Mugdhabodha of Bopadeva.
āśvalāyanaprātiśākhyaan authoritative Prātiśākhya work attributed to Śaunaka the teacher of Āśvalāyana, belonging prominently to the Sakala and the Bāṣkala Śakhās of the Ṛgveda. it is widely known by the name Ṛk-Prātiśākhya. It is a metrical composition divided into . 18 chapters called Paṭalas, giving special directions for the proper pronunciation, recitation and preservation of the Ṛksaṁhita by laying down general rules on accents and euphonic combinations and mentioning phonetic and metrical peculiarities. It has got a masterly commentary written by Uvvaṭa.
āsvadīyaa sub-division of the चुरादि (Xth conjugation) roots, beginning with the root ग्रस् and ending with the root स्वद्, which take the Vikaraṇa णिच् id est, that is which are conjugated like roots of the tenth conjugation, only if they are transitive in sense.
aāhañtad-affix (आह) in the general Śaiṣika senses, exempli gratia, for example belonging to, produced in, et cetera, and others, added to the word उत्तर, exempli gratia, for example औत्तराह confer, compare उत्तरादाहञ् वक्तव्यः।; M.Bh. on IV.2.104.
id(1)augment इ prefixed,in general in the case of all roots barring a few roots ending in vowels except ऊ and ऋ and roots शक्, पच्, et cetera, and others, to such affixes of non-conjugational tenses and moods as begin with any consonant except ह् and य्; confer, compare आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः P.VII.2.35 to 78 and its exceptions P.VII.2.8 to 34; (2) personal ending of the third person singular. or Ātmanep. Ātmanepada
it(1)a letter or a group of letters attached to a word which is not seen in actual use in the spoken language: cf अप्रयोगी इत्, Śāk. I.1.5, Hemacandra's Śabdānuśāsana.1.1.37. The इत् letters are applied to a word before it, or after it, and they have got each of them a purpose in grammar viz. causing or preventing certain grammatical operations in the formation of the complete word. Pāṇini has not given any definition of the word इत् , but he has mentioned when and where the vowels and consonants attached to words are to be understood as इत्; (confer, compare उपदेशेजनुनासिक इत् , हलन्त्यम् । et cetera, and others P. I.3.2 to 8) and stated that these letters are to be dropped in actual use, confer, compareP.I.3.9. It appears that grammarians before Pāṇini had also employed such इत् letters, as is clear from some passages in the Mahābhāṣya as also from their use in other systems of grammar as also in the Uṇādi list of affixes, for purposes similar to those found served in Pāṇini 's grammar. Almost all vowels and consonants are used as इत् for different purposes and the इत् letters are applied to roots in the Dhātupāṭha, nouns in the Gaṇapāṭha, as also to affixes, augments and substitutes prescribed in grammar. Only at a few places they are attached to give facility of pronunciation. Sometimes the इत् letters, especially vowels, which are said to be इत्, when uttered as nasalized by Pāṇini, are recognised only by convention; confer, compare प्रतिज्ञानुनासिक्याः पाणिनीयाः(S.K.on P.I.3.2).The word इत्, which literally means going away or disappearing, can be explained as a mute indicatory letter. In Pāṇini's grammar, the mute vowel अ applied to roots indicates the placing of the Ātmanepada affixes after them, if it be uttered as anudātta and of affixes of both the padas if uttered svarita; confer, compare P.I.3. 12, 72. The mute vowel आ signifies the prevention of इडागम before the past part, affixes; confer, compare P. VII. 2. 16. Similarly, the mute vowel इ signfies the augment न् after the last vowel of the root; confer, compareP.VII.1.58; ई signifies the prevention of the augment इ before the past participle.affixes cfP.VII.2.14;उ signifies the inclusion of cognate letters; confer, compareP.I.1.69, and the optional addition of the augment इ before त्वा; confer, compare P.VII.2. 56; ऊ signifies the optional application of the augment इट्;confer, compareP.VII. 2.44; क signifies the prevention of ह्रस्व to the vowel of a root before the causal affix, confer, compareVII.4.2: लृ signifies the vikarana अङ् in the Aorist cf P.III.1.55; ए signifies the prevention of vrddhi in the Aorist,confer, compare P.VII.2.55; ओ signifies the substitution of न् for त् of the past participle. confer, compare P VIII.2.45; क् signifies the Prevention of गुण and वृद्धि, confer, compareP, I. 1.5; ख् signifies the addition of the augment मुम्(म्)and the shortening of the preceding vowel: confer, compareP.VI.3 65-66: ग् signifies the prevention of गुण and वृद्धि, confer, compare P.I.1.5 घ् signifies कुत्व, confer, compare P.VII.3.62; ङ्, applied to affixes, signifies the prevention of गुण and वृद्धि, confer, compare P.I.1.5; it causes संप्रसारणादेश in the case of certain roots, confer, compare P. VI.1.16 and signifies आत्मनेपद if applied to roots; confer, compare P.I. 3.12, and their substitution for the last letter if applied to substitutes. confer, compare P I.1.53. च् signifies the acute accent of the last vowel;confer, compareP.VI.1. 159; ञ् signifies उभयपद i.e the placing of the affixes of both the podas after the root to which it has been affixed;confer, compareP.I.3.72, ट् in the case of an augment signifies its application to the word at the beginning: confer, compareP I.1.64, while applied to a nominal base or an affix shows the addition of the feminine. affix ई (ङीप्) confer, compareP.IV.1. 15;ड् signifies the elision of the last syllable; confer, compare P.VI.4.142: ण् signifies वृद्धि, confer, compareP.VII.2.115;त् signifies स्वरित accent, confer, compare VI.1.181, as also that variety of the vowel ( ह्रस्व, दीर्ध or प्लुत) to which it has been applied confer, compare P.I.1.70; न् signifies आद्युदात्त, confer, compare P.VI.1.193:प् signifies अनुदात्त accent confer, compare अनुदात्तौ सुप्पितौ P. III.1.4. as also उदात्त for the vowel before the affix marked with प् confer, compare P.VI.1.192: म् signifies in the case of an augment its addition after the final vowel.confer, compareP.I.1.47,while in the case of a root, the shortening of its vowel before the causal affix णि,confer, compare P.VI.4.92: र् signifies the acute accent for the penultimate vowel confer, compare P.VI.1.217,ल् signifies the acute accent for the vowel preceding the affix marked with ल्; confer, compareP.VI. 193; श् implies in the case of an affix its सार्वधातुकत्व confer, compare P. II1.4.113, while in the case of substitutes, their substitution for the whole स्थानिन् cf P.I.1.55; प् signifies the addition of the feminine. affix ई ( ङीप् ) confer, compareP.IV-1.41 ;स् in the case of affixes signifies पदसंज्ञा to the base before them, cf P.I.4.16. Sometimes even without the actual addition of the mute letter, affixes are directed to be looked upon as possessed of that mute letter for the sake of a grammatical operation exempli gratia, for example सार्वधातुकमपित् P.I.2.4; असंयेागाल्लिट कित् P.I.2.5: गोतो णित् P.VII.1.90 et cetera, and others (2) thc short vowel इ as a substitute: confer, compare शास इदङ्हलोः P.VI.4.34.
iṣṭhavadbhāvapossession of the same properties for causing grammatical operations as the taddhita affix. affix इष्ठन् possesses, as for instance, the elision of the syllable beginning with the last vowel ( टिलोप ), substitution of the masculine gender. base for the feminine. base (पुंवद्भाव) et cetera, and others, before the denom affix णिच्; exempli gratia, for example एतयति in the sense of एनीं आचष्टे; similarly प्रथयति, पटयति, दवयति, confer, compare M.Bh. on. P.VI.4. 155 Vārt, 1.
īṭaugment ई prefixed to a Sārvadhātuka (strong) affix beginning with a consonant after the roots ब्रू, रु, स्तु, and others exempli gratia, for example अब्रवीत्, रोरवीति, स्तवीति, अकार्षीत्, अवादीत् et cetera, and others; confer, compare P. VII. 3.93-98.
uṇādiaffixes headed by the affix उण्, which are similar to kṛt affixes of Pāṇini, giving derivation mostly of such words as are not derived by rules of Pāṇini. No particular sense such as agent, object et cetera, and others is mentioned in connection with these affixes, but, as Pāṇini has stated in 'ताभ्यामन्यत्रोणादयः P.III. 4.75, the various Uṇādi affixes are applied to the various roots as prescribed in any Kāraka sense, except the संप्रदान and the अपादान; in other words, any one of the senses, agent, object, instrument and abode, is assigned to the Uṇādi affix as suits the meaning of the word. Although some scholars believe that the Uṇādi affixes are given by a grammarian later than Pāṇini as there are words like ताम्बूल, दीनार and others included in the list of Uṇādi words and that there are many interpolated Sūtras, still the Uṇādi collection must be looked upon as an old one which is definitely mentioned by Pāṇini in two different rules; confer, compare Pāṇini उणादयो बहुलम् P. III.3.1 and ताभ्यामन्यत्रोणादयः III.4.76. Patañjali has given a very interesting discussion about these Uṇādi affixes and stated on the strength of the Vārttika, तत्रोणादिप्रतिषेधः, that these affixes and the words given in the Uṇādi collection should not be considered as genuinely deriveditionThe derivation is not a very systematic and logically correct one and therefore for practical purposes, the words derived by the application of the affixes उण् and others should be looked upon as underived; confer, compare उणादयोSव्युत्पन्नानि प्रातिपदिकानि. Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on. P.I.1.16, III.4.77, IV.1.1, VI.1.62, VII.1.2, VII.2.8 et cetera, and others There is a counterstatement also seen in the Mahābhāṣya उणादयो व्युत्पन्नानि, representing the other view prevailing at the time; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on III.I.133; but not much importance seems to be attached to it. The different systems of grammar have different collections of such words which are also known by the term Uṇādi. Out of the collections belonging to Pāṇini's system, three collections are available at present, the collection into five pādas given in the printed edition of the Siddhānta Kaumudi, the collection into ten Pādas given in the printed edition of the Prakriya-Kaumudi and the collection in the Sarasvatīkaṇthābharaṇa of Bhoja forming Pādas 1, 2 and 3 of the second Adhyāya of the work.
uṇādisūtra,uṇādisūtrapāṭhathe text of the Sūtras which begins with the Sūtras prescribing the affix उण् after the roots कृ, वा, पा, जि, स्वद्, साध् and अश्; cf Uṅādi Sūtras 1.1. for the different versions of the text See उणादि. Similar Sūtras in Kātantra, Āpiśali, Sakaṭāyana and other systems of grammar are also called Uṇādi Sūtras.
upajanaliterallyorigin; one that originates, augment, उपजायते असौ उपजन: । The word is used in the sense of 'additional phonetic element'; confer, compare उपजन आगमः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Śivasūtra 5; confer, compare also वर्णव्यत्ययापायोपजनविकारेष्वर्थदर्शनात् । Māheśvarasūtras. 5 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 15. The Ṛk Prātiśākhya gives स् in पुरुश्चन्द्र as an instance ofeminine. उपजन confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IV. 37. In the Nirukta उपजन is given as the sense of the prefix 'उप'; confer, compare उपेत्युपजनम्: The commentary on the Nirukta explains the word उपजन as अाधिक्य.
upadeśainstruction; original enunciation; first or original precepts or teaching; confer, compare उपदेश आद्योच्चारणम् S. K. on T the rule उपदेशेजनुनासिक इत् P.I.3.2. confer, compare वर्णानामुपदेशः कर्तव्यः; Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on Āhnika of the Pātañjala Mahābhāṣya. I. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 15. For difference between उपदेश and उद्देश see उद्देश; confer, compare also उपदिश्यतेनेनेत्युपदेशः । शास्त्रवाक्यानि, सूत्रपाठः खिलपाठश्च Kāśikā on P. I.3.2; confer, compare also Vyāḍi. Pari. 5; (2) employment (of a word) for others confer, compare उपेदश: परार्थः प्रयोगः । स्वयमेव तु बुद्धया यदा प्ररमृशति तदा नास्त्युपदेशः Kāś. on अदोनुपदेशे P.I.4.70.
upadeśinsuch a word as is found in the original instruction.
upadeśivadbhāvaoccurrence in the original statement before the application of any affixes et cetera, and others, confer, compare एवमप्युपदेशिवद्भावो वक्तव्यः, Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.I. 1.56, Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 23.
upadeśivadvacanastatement to the effect that a word should be looked upon as occurring in the original instruction although it is not there. See उपदेश.confer, compare नुम्विधावुपदेशिवद्वचनं प्रत्ययविध्यर्थम् P. VII.1.58. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 1.
upamanyu(1)the famous commentator on the grammatical verses attributed to Nandikeśvarakārikā. which are known by the name नन्दिकेश्वरकारिका and which form a kind of a commentary on the sūtras of Maheśvara; (2) a comparatively modern grammarian possibly belonging to the nineteenth century who is also named Nandikeśvarakārikā.kārikābhāṣya by Upamanyu.and who has written a commentory on the famous Kāśikāvṛtti by Jayāditya and Vāmana. Some believe that Upa-manyu was an ancient sage who wrote a nirukta or etymological work and whose pupil came to be known as औपमन्यव.
upasargapreposition, prefix. The word उसपर्ग originally meant only 'a prefixed word': confer, compare सोपसर्गेषु नामसु Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XVI. 38. The word became technically applied by ancient Sanskrit Gratmmarians to the words प्र, परा, अप, सम् et cetera, and others which are always used along with a verb or a verbal derivative or a noun showing a verbal activity; confer, compare उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे P. I. 4.59. 'These prefixes are necessariiy compounded with the following word unless the latter is a verbal form; confer, compare कुगतिप्रादयः P.II. 2.18. Although they are not compounded with a verbal form, these prepositions are used in juxtaposition with it; sometimes they are found detached from the verbal form even with the intervention of one word or more. The prefixes are instrumental in changing the meaning of the root. Some scholars like Śākaṭāyana hold the view that separated from the roots, prefixes do not express any specific sense as ordinary words express, while scholars like Gārgya hold the view that prefixes do express a sense e. g. प्र means beginning or प्रारम्भ; confer, compare न निर्बद्धा उपसर्गा अर्थान्निराहुरिति शाकटायनः । नामाख्यातयोस्तु कर्मोपसंयोगद्योतका भवन्ति । उच्चावचाः पदार्था भवन्तीति गार्ग्यः । तद्य एषु पदार्थः प्राहुरिमं तं नामाख्यातयोरर्थविकरणम् Nirukta of Yāska.I. 8. It is doubtful, however, which view Pāṇini himself held. In his Ātmanepada topic, he has mentioned some specific roots as possessing some specific senses when preceded by some specific prefixes (see P. I. 3.20, 24, 25, 40, 4l, 46, 52, 56, et cetera, and others), which implies possibly that roots themselves possess various senses, while prefixes are simply instrumental in indicating or showing them. On the other hand, in the topic of the Karmapravacanīyas,the same words प्र, परा et cetera, and others which, however, are not termed Upasargas for the time being, although they are called Nipātas, are actually assigned some specific senses by Pāṇini. The Vārttikakāra has defined उपसर्ग as क्रियाविशेषक उपसर्गः P. I. 3.I. Vārt 7, leaving it doubtful whether the उपसर्ग or prefix possesses an independent sense which modifies the sense of the root, or without possessing any independent sense, it shows only the modified sense of the root which also is possessed by the root. Bhartṛhari, Kaiyaṭa and their followers including Nāgeśa have emphatically given the view that not only prefixes but Nipātas, which include प्र, परा and others as Upasargas as well as Karmapravacanīyas, do not denote any sense, but they indicate it; they are in fact द्योतक and not वाचक. For details see Nirukta of Yāska.I. 3, Vākyapadīya II. 190, Mahābhāṣya on I. 3.1. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 7 and Kaiyaṭa's Mahābhāṣyapradīpa.and Mahābhāṣya-Pradīpoddyota by Nāgeśa.thereon. The Ṛk Prātiśākhya has discussed the question in XII. 6-9 where, as explained by the commentator, it is stated that prefixes express a sense along with roots or nouns to which they are attachedition It is not clear whether they convey the sense by denotation or indication, the words वाचक in stanza 6 and विशेषकृत् in stanza 8 being in favour of the former and the latter views respectively; cf उपसर्गा विंशतिरर्थवाचकाः सहेतराभ्यामितरे निपाताः; क्रियावाचकभाख्यातमुपसर्गो विशेषकृत्, सत्त्वाभिधायकं नाम निपातः पादपूरणः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XII. st. 6 and 8. For the list of upasargas see Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XII. 6, Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.I. 15, Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.VI.24, and S. K. on P. I.4.60.
uv(उवङ्)substitute for the vowel उ belonging to the Vikaraṇa श्रु, to roots and to the noun भ्रू under certain conditions: cf अचि श्नुधातुर्भ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ P.VI.4.77.
ūt(1)long vowel ऊ which cannot be combined by rules of saṁdhi with the following vowel when it comes at the end of the forms of the dual number e. g. साधू अत्र et cetera, and others; confer, compare ईदूदेद्विवचनं प्रगृह्यम् P.I.1.11, as , also ईदूतौ च सप्तम्यर्थे I.1.19; (2) long vowel ऊ substituted for the short उ of the root गोह् before an affix beginning with a vowel e. g. निगूहति; confer, compare ऊदुपधाया गोहः P. VI.4.89.
ṛkprātiśākhyaone of the Prātiśākhya works belonging to the Aśvalāyana Śākha of the Ṛg Veda. The work available at present, appears to be not a very old one,possibly written a century or so after Pāṇini's time. It is possible that the work, which is available, is based upon a few ancient Prātiśākhya works which are lost. Its authorship is attributed to Śaunaka.The work is a metrical one and consists of three books or Adhyāyas, each Adhyāya being made up of six Paṭalas or chapters. It is written, just as the other Prātiśākhya works, with a view to give directions for the proper recitation of the Veda. It has got a scholarly commentary written by Uvaṭa and another one by Kumāra who is also called Viṣṇumitra. See अाश्वलायनप्रातिशाख्य.
ediphthong vowel ए made up of अ and इ, and hence having कण्ठतालुस्थान as its place of origin. It has no short form according to Pāṇini. In cases where a short vowel as a substitute is prescribed for it in grammar, the vowel इ is looked upon as its short form. Patañjali in his Mahābhāṣya has observed that followers of the Sātyamugri and Rāṇāyanīya branches of the Sāmaveda have short ए ( ऍ ) in their Sāmaveda recital and has given सुजाते अश्वसूनृते, अध्वर्यो अद्रिभिः सुतम् as illustrations; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1-48; as also the article on.
ekaśeṣaa kind of composite formation in which only one of the two or more words compounded together subsists, the others being elided; confer, compare एकः शिष्यते इतरे निवर्तन्ते वृक्षश्च वृक्षश्च वृक्षौ । Kāśikā on सरूपाणामेकशेष एक-विभक्तौ P.I.2.64; confer, compare also सुरूपसमुदायाद्धि विभक्तिर्या विधीयते । एकस्तत्रार्थवान् सिद्धः समुदायस्य वाचकः ।। Bhāṣāvṛtti on P. I. 2.64. There is a dictum of grammarians that every individual object requires a separate expression to convey its presence. Hence, when there is a dual sense, the word has to be repeated, as also the word has to be multiplied when there is a plural sense. In current spoken language, however, in such cases the word is used only once. To justify this single utterance for conveying the sense of plurality, Pāṇini has laid down a general rule सरूपाणामेकशेष एकविभक्तौ and many other similar rules to cover cases of plurality not of one and the same object, but plurality cased by many objects, such as plurality caused by ideas going in pairs or relations such as parents, brothers and sisters, grand-father and grand-son, male and female. For example, see the words वृक्षश्च वृक्षश्च वृक्षौ; Similarly वृक्षाः for many trees, पितरौ for माता च पिता च; देवौ for देवी च देवश्च; confer, compare also the words श्वशुरौ, भ्रातरौ, गार्ग्यौ (for गार्ग्य and गार्ग्यायण),आवाम् (for त्वं च अहं च), यौ (for स च यश्च) and गावः feminine. अजा feminine. अश्वाः masculine gender. irrespective of the individuals being some males and some females. Pāṇini has devoted 10 Sūtras to this topic of Ekaśeṣa. The Daiva grammar has completely ignored this topic. Patanjali has very critically and exhaustively discussed this topic. Some critics hold that the topic of एकशेघ did not exist in the original Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. of Pāṇini but it was interpolated later on, and adduce the long discussion in the Mahābhāṣya especially the Pūrvapakṣa therein, in support of their argument. Whatever the case be, the Vārttikakāra has commented upon it at length; hence, the addition must have been made immediately after Pāṇini, if at all there was any. For details see Mahābhāṣya on I.1.64 to 73 as also,Introduction p. 166-167, Vol.7 of the Mahābhāṣya published by the D. E. Society, Poona.
ekahalādihaving a single consonant at the beginning; cf एकहलादौ पूरयितव्येSन्यतरस्याम् P.VI.3.59.
ekācpādaname given by Sīradeva's Paribhāṣāvṛttiand other grammarians to the first pāda of the sixth adhyāya cf Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī., as it begins with the sūtra एकाचो द्वे प्रथमस्य VI.1.1.
ekādeśaa single substitute in the place of two original units; exempli gratia, for example ए in the place of अ and इ,or ओ in the place of अ and उ. The ādeśas or substitutes named पूर्वरूप and पररूप are looked upon as ekadeśas in Pāṇini's grammar although instead of them, the omission of the latter and former vowels respectively, is prescribed in some Prātiśākhya works. गुण and वृद्धि are sometimes single substitutes for single originals, while they are sometimes ekadeśas for two original vowels exempli gratia, for example तवेदम्, ब्रह्मौदनः, उपैति, प्रार्च्छति, गाम्, सीमन्तः et cetera, and others; see P.VI.1.87 to ll l, confer, compare also A.Pr.II 3.6.
aindraname of an ancient school of grammar and of the treatise also, belonging to that school, believed to have been written under instructions of Indra. The work is not available. Patañjali mentions that Bṛhaspati instructed Indra for one thousand celestial years and still did not finish his instructions in words': (Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). I.1.1 ). The Taittirīya Saṁhitā mentions the same. Pāṇini has referred to some ancient grammarians of the East by the word प्राचाम् without mentioning their names, and scholars like Burnell think that the grammar assigned to Indra is to be referred to by the word प्राचाम्. The Bṛhatkathāmañjarī remarks that Pāṇini's grammar threw into the background the Aindra Grammar. Some scholars believe that Kalāpa grammar which is available today is based upon Aindra,just as Cāndra is based upon Pāṇini's grammar. References to Aindra Grammar are found in the commentary on the Sārasvata Vyākaraṇa, in the Kavikalpadruma of Bopadeva as also in the commentary upon the Mahābhārata by Devabodha.Quotations, although very few, are given by some writers from the work. All these facts prove that there was an ancient pre-Pāṇinian treatise on Grammar assigned to इन्द्र which was called Aindra-Vyākaraṇa.For details see Dr.Burnell's 'Aindra School of Sanskrit Grammarians' as also Vol. VII pages 124-126 of Vyākaraṇa Mahābhāṣya, edited by the D.E.Society, Poona.
oṃkārathe syllable ओं called by the term प्रणव and generally recited at the beginning of Vedic works. Patañjali has commented upon the word briefly as follows; पादस्य वा अर्धर्चस्य वा अन्त्यमक्षरमुपसंहृत्य तदाद्यक्षरशेषस्य स्थाने त्रिमात्रमोंकारं त्रिमात्रमोंकारं वा विदधति तं प्रणव इत्याचक्षते M.Bh. on VIII.2.89.
oṣṭhaIit. lip; the place of origin ( स्थान ) of the labial letters called उपध्मानीय वर्ण i.e the vowels उ, ऊ, the consonants प्, फ्, ब्, भ्, म् and the उपध्मानीय letter; confer, compare ऊपूपध्मानीयानामेाष्ठौ Sid. Kau. on तुल्यास्यप्रयत्नं सवर्णम् P.I.1.9, also उवोपोपध्मा ओष्ठे V. Pr . I.70.
audavrajian ancient sage and scholar of Vedic Grammar who is believed to have revised the original text of the ऋक्तन्त्रप्रातिशाख्य of the Sāma-Veda. confer, compare Śab. Kaus. I.1.8.
aaupadeśikamentioned in the original statement; confer, compare अन्तग्रहणं औपदेशिकांर्थम् । Kāś. on ष्णान्ता षट् P.I.1.24, confer, compare also औपदेशिकप्रायोगिकयोरौपदेशिकस्यैव ग्रहणम् Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 120.
auṣṇihabeginning with a stanza of the Uṣṇih metre; confer, compare उष्णिहापूर्वः सतोबृहत्यन्तः प्रगाथः औष्णिह इत्युच्यते । यथा यमादित्यासो अद्रुहः Uvaṭa on R.Pr.XVIII.5.
karmaṇipādaname given by Sīradeva's Paribhāṣāvṛttiand other grammarians to the second pāda of the third adhyāya of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī., which begins with the sūtra कर्मण्यण् P. III.2.1 .
kātantraname of an important small treatise on grammar which appears like a systematic abridgment of the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. of Pāṇini. It ignores many unimportant rules of Pāṇini, adjusts many, and altogether omits the Vedic portion and the accent chapter of Pāṇini. It lays down the Sūtras in an order different from that of Pāṇini dividing the work into four adhyāyas dealing with technical terms, saṁdhi rules,declension, syntax compounds noun-affixes ( taddhita affixes ) conjugation, voice and verbal derivatives in an order. The total number of rules is 1412 supplemented by many subordinate rules or Vārttikas. The treatise is believed to have been written by Śarvavarman, called Sarvavarman or Śarva or Sarva, who is said to have lived in the reign of the Sātavāhana kings. The belief that Pāṇini refers to a work of Kalāpin in his rules IV. 3.108 and IV.3.48 and that Patañjali's words कालापम् and माहवार्तिकम् support it, has not much strength. The work was very popular especially among those who wanted to study spoken Sanskrit with ease and attained for several year a very prominent place among text-books on grammar especially in Bihar, Bengal and Gujarat. It has got a large number of glosses and commentary works, many of which are in a manuscript form at present. Its last chapter (Caturtha-Adhyāya) is ascribed to Vararuci. As the arrangement of topics is entirely different from Pāṇini's order, inspite of considerable resemblance of Sūtras and their wording, it is probable that the work was based on Pāṇini but composed on the models of ancient grammarians viz. Indra, Śākaṭāyana and others whose works,although not available now, were available to the author. The grammar Kātantra is also called Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra.. A comparison of the Kātantra Sūtras and the Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. Sūtras shows that the one is a different version of the other. The Kātantra Grammar is also called Kaumāra as it is said that the original 1nstructions for the grammar were received by the author from Kumāra or Kārttikeya. For details see Vol. VII Patañjala Mahābhāṣya published by the D.E. Society, Poona, page 375.
kātantraparibhāṣāvṛtti(1)name of a gloss on the Paribhāṣāpaṭha written by Bhāvamiśra, probably a Maithila Pandit whose date is not known. He has explained 62 Paribhāṣās deriving many of them from the Kātantra Sūtras. The work seems to be based on the Paribhāṣā works by Vyāḍiparibhāṣāsūcana.and others on the system of Pāṇini, suitable changes having been made by the writer with a view to present the work as belonging to the Kātantra school; (2) name of a gloss on the Paribhāṣāpaṭha of the Kātantra school explaining 65 Paribhāṣās. No name of the author is found in the Poona manuscript. The India Office Library copy has given Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. as the author's name; but it is doubted whether Durgasiṁha's Kātantra-Sūtravṛtti. was the author of it. See परिभाषासंग्रह edition by B. O. R. I. Poona.
kātantraprakriyāa name given to the Kātantra Sūtras which were written in the original form as a Prakriyāgrantha or a work discussing the various topics such as alphabet, euphonic rules, declension, derivatives from nouns, syntax, conjugation derivatives from roots et cetera, and others et cetera, and others
kārakaliterally doer of an action. The word is used in the technical sense ; 1 of ’instrument of action'; cf कारकशब्दश्च निमित्तपर्यायः । कारकं हेतुरिति नार्थान्तरम् । कस्य हेतुः । क्रियायाः Kāś. on P.I. 4.23: confer, compare also कारक इति संज्ञानिर्देशः । साधकं निर्वर्तकं कारकसंज्ञं भवति । M.Bh. on P. I. 4.28. The word 'kāraka' in short, means 'the capacity in which a thing becomes instrumental in bringing about an action'. This capacity is looked upon as the sense of the case-affixes which express it. There are six kārakas given in all grammar treatises अपादान, संप्रदान, अधिकरण, करण , कर्मन् and कर्तृ to express which the case affixes or Vibhaktis पञ्चमी, चतुर्थी, सप्तमी, तृतीया, द्वितीया and प्रथमा are respectively used which, hence, are called Kārakavibhaktis as contrasted with Upapadavibhaktis, which show a relation between two substantives and hence are looked upon as weaker than the Kārakavibhaktis; confer, compare उपपदविभक्तेः कारकविभक्तिर्बलीयसी Pari. Śek. Pari.94. The topic explaining Kārakavibhaktis is looked upon as a very important and difficult chapter in treatises of grammar and there are several small compendiums written by scholars dealing with kārakas only. For the topic of Kārakas see P. I. 4.23 to 55, Kat, II. 4.8-42, Vyākaraṇa The Volume of the introduction in Marathi to the Pātañjala Mahābhāṣya, written by K. V. Abhyankar and published by the O. E. Society, Poona.. pp.262-264 published by the D. E. Society, Poona.
kārakatattvaa treatise on the topic of Kārakas written by Cakrapāṇiśeṣa, belonging to the famous Śeṣa family of grammarians, who lived in the seventeenth century A. D.
kārakapādaname given by Śivadeva and other grammarians to the fourth pāda of the first adhyāya of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. which begins with the Sūtra कारके I. 4. 1 and which deals with the Kārakas or auxiliaries of action.
kārakavivekaknown as कारकवाद also; a short work on the meaning and relation of words written by Jayarāmabhaṭṭācārya who lived in the beginning of the eighteenth century. The work forms the concluding portion of a larger work called कारकविवेक which was written by शिरोमणिभट्टाचार्य.. The work कारकवाद has a short commentary written by the author himselfeminine.
kārtikeyathe original instructor of the Kātantra or Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. Grammar, to Śarvavarman who composed the Sūtras according to inspiration received by him. The Kātantra, hence, has also got the name Kaumara Vyākaraṇa.
kārmanāmikathe word is found used in Yāska's Nirukta as an adjective to the word संस्कार where it means belonging to nouns derived fromroofs (कर्मनाम)"like पाचक,कर्षक et cetera, and othersThe changes undergone by the roots in the formation of such words i. e. words showing action are termed कार्मनामिकसंस्कार; confer, compare कर्मकृतं नाम कर्मनाम। तस्मिन् भवः कार्मनामिकः Durgavṛtti on Nirukta of Yāska.I.13. कार्य(l) brought.into existence by activity (क्रियया निर्वृत्तं कार्यम् ) as oppo- sed to नित्य eternal; confer, compare एके वर्णाञ् शाश्वतिकान् न कार्यान् R.Pr. XIII.4 confer, compare also ननु च यस्यापि कार्याः ( शब्दाः ) तस्यापि पूजार्थम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.1.44 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 17;(2) which should be done, used in connection with a grammatical operation: confer, compare कार्य एत्वे सयमीकारमाहुः ।| अभैष्म इत्येतस्य स्थाने अभयीष्मेति । R.Pr. XIV.16; confer, compare also विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् P. I.4.2; (3) a grammatical opera- tion as for instance in the phrases द्विकार्ययोगे, त्रिकार्ययोगे et cetera, and others; confer, compare also गौणमुख्ययोर्मुख्ये कार्यसंप्रत्ययः Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 15;(4) object of a transitive verb: confer, compare शेषः कार्ये Śāk.
kāryātideśalooking upon the substitute as the very original for the sake of operations that are caused by the presence of the original;the word is used in contrast with रूपातिदेश where actually the original is restored in the place of the substitute on certain conditions. For details see Mahābhāṣya on द्विर्वचनेचि P. 1.1.59.
kāśikā(1)name given to the reputed gloss (वृत्ति) on the Sūtras of Pāṇini written by the joint authors.Jayāditya and Vāmana in the 7th century A.D. Nothing definitely can be said as to which portion was written by Jayāditya and which by Vamana, or the whole work was jointly written. Some scholars believe that the work was called Kāśikā as it was written in the city of Kāśī and that the gloss on the first five Adhyāyas was written by Jayāditya and that on the last three by Vāmana. Although it is written in a scholarly way, the work forms an excellent help to beginners to understand the sense of the pithy Sūtra of Pāṇini. The work has not only deserved but obtained and maintained a very prominent position among students and scholars of Pāṇini's grammar in spite of other works like the Bhāṣāvṛtti, the Prakriyā Kaumudi, the Siddhānta Kaumudi and others written by equally learned scholars. Its wording is based almost on the Mahābhāṣya which it has followed, avoiding, of course, the scholarly disquisitions occurring here and there in the Mahābhāṣya. It appears that many commentary works were written on it, the wellknown among them being the Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā or Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. written by Jinendrabuddhi and the Padamañjari by Haradatta. For details see Vyākaraṇamahābhāṣya Vol.VII pp 286-87 published by the D. E. Society, Poona. ( 2 ) The name Kāśikā is sometimes found given to their commentaries on standard works of Sanskrit Grammar by scholars, as possibly they were written at Kāśī; as for instance, (a) Kāśikā on Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāra by Hari Dīkṣita, and ( b ) Kāśikā on Paribhāṣenduśekhara by Vaidyanātha Pāyaguṇḍe.
kuṭādipādaname given by Sīradeva's Paribhāṣāvṛttiand later grammarians to the second pāda of the first adhyāya of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī., as the pāda begins with the Sūtra गाङ्कुटादिभ्यो ञ्णिन्डित् P.I.2.1.
koṇḍabhaṭṭaa reputed grammarian who wrote an extensive explanatory gloss by name Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇa on the Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakārikā of Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita. Another work Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāra. which is in a way an abridgment of the Bhūṣaṇa, was also written by him. Koṇḍabhaṭṭa lived in the beginning of the l7th century. He was the son of Raṅgojī and nephew of Bhaṭṭojī Dīkṣita. He was one of the few writers on the Arthavicāra in the Vyākaraṇaśāstra and his Bhūṣaṇasāra ranks next to the Vākyapadīya of Bhartṛhari. Besides the Bhūṣaṇa and Bhūṣaṇasāra, Koṇḍabhaṭṭa wrote two independent works viz. Vaiyākaraṇsiddhāntadīpika and Sphoṭavāda.
kaumāra,komāravyākaraṇa(1)an alternative name of the Kātantra Vyākaraṇa given to it on the strength of the traditional belief that the original inspiration for writing it was received by Sarvavarman from Kumara or Kārtikeya; (2) small treatises bearing the name Kaumāravyākaraṇa written by Munipuṅgava and Bhāvasena. The latter has written Kātantrarūpamāla also.
ktakṛt affix त in various senses, called by the name निष्ठा in Pāṇini's grammar along with the affix क्तवतू confer, compare क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा P.I.1.26.The various senses in which क्त is prescribed can be noticed below : (1) the general sense of something done in the past time as past passive voice.participle e. g. कृत:, भुक्तम् et cetera, and others: cf P. III.2.102; (2) the sense of the beginning of an activity when it is used actively: e. g. प्रकृतः कटं देवदत्तः, confer, compare P.III.2.102 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3; (3) the sense of activity of the present tense applied to roots marked with a mute ञ् as also to roots in the sense of desire, knowledge and worship; exempli gratia, for exampleमिन्नः, क्ष्विण्ण:, धृष्ट: as also राज्ञां मतः, राज्ञामिष्टः, राज्ञां बुद्धः; confer, compare P.III.2.187, 88; (4) the sense of mere verbal activity (भाव) e. g. हसितम् , सहितम् , जल्पितम् , (used always in the neuter gender); confer, compare P.III.3. 114: (5) the sense of benediction when the word ending in क्त is used as a technical term, exempli gratia, for example देवदत्तः in the sense of देवा एनं देयासुः. The kṛt affix क्तिन् is also used similarly exempli gratia, for example सातिः भूतिः मन्ति:; confer, compare Kāś. on P. III.3.174.
īśeḥ(VII.2.77)अनुकर्षणार्थो विज्ञायते Kāś. on P.IV.2.78; (3) succession of the same consonant brought about; doubling; reduplication; क्रम is used in this way in the Ṛk Prātiśākhya as a synonym of dvitva prescribed by Pāṇini; e. g. अा त्वा रथं becomes अा त्त्वा रथम् ; सोमानं स्वरणम् becomes सोमानं स्स्वरणम् ; confer, compare स्वरानुस्वारोपहितो द्विरुच्यते संयोगादि: स क्रमोSविक्रमे सन् । etc, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) VI. l to 4; confer, compare also स एष द्विर्भावरूपो विधिः क्रमसंज्ञो वेदितव्यः Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works.on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) VI. 1. The root क्रम् IA. is several times used in the Prātiśākhya works for द्विर्भवन, confer, compare also T. Pr.XXI.5; XXIV.5; (4) repetition of a word in the recital of Vedic passages, the recital by such a repetition being called क्रमपाठ, which is learnt and taught with a view to understanding the original forms of words combined in the Saṁhitā by euphonic rules, substitution of letters such as that of ण् for न् , or of ष् for स् , as also the separate words of a compound word ( सामासिकशब्द ); e. g. पर्जन्याय प्र । प्र गायत । गायत दिवः । दिवस्पुत्राय । पुत्राय मीळ्हुषे । मीळ्हुषे इति मीळ्हुषे । confer, compare क्रमो द्वाभ्यामतिक्रम्य् प्रत्यादायोत्तरं तयोः उत्तेरेणोपसंदध्यात् तथार्द्धर्चं समापयेत् ॥ Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) X. 1. For details and special features, confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) ch. X and XI: confer, compare also Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.IV. 182190: T. Pr, XXIII. 20, XXIV. 6.
kramapāṭharecital of the Vedic Saṁhitā by means of separate groups of two words, repeating each word except the first of the Vedic verseline; see क्रम a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.. The various rules and exceptions are given in detail in Paṭalas ten and eleven of the Ṛk Prātiśākhya. The Vedic Saṁhitā or Saṁhitāpāṭha is supposed to be the original one and the Padapāṭha prepared later on, with a view to preserving the Vedic text without any change or modification of a letter, or accent; confer, compare न लक्षणेन पदकारा अनुवर्त्याः । पदकारैर्नाम लक्षणमनुवर्त्यम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on III. 1.109, VI. 1.207 and VIII. 2.16, where Patañjali clearly says that grammar-rules are not to follow the Padapāṭha, but, the writer of the Padapāṭha is to follow the rules already laid down. The Jaṭāpāṭha, the Ghanapāṭha and the other recitals are later developments of the Padapāṭha as they are not mentioned in the Prātiśākhya works.
kraiyādikaa root belonging to the class of roots which are headed by क्री and which are popularly known as roots of the ninth conjugation; confer, compare यथा तु वार्तिकं तथा कैयादिकस्याप्यत्र ग्रहणमिष्यते Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. on VII.2.48.
khilapāṭhaa supplementary recital or enunciation which is taken along with the original enunciation or upadeśa generally in the form of the sūtras. The word is used in the Kāśikā in the sense of one of the texts forming a part of the original text which is called upadeśa; confer, compare Kāśikā उपदिश्यते अनेनेत्युपदेश: शास्त्रवाक्यानि सूत्रपाठ: खिलपाठश्च (on P.I.3.2); confer, compare also खिलपाठो धातुपाठः प्रातिपदिकपाठो वाक्यपाठश्च Padamañjarī, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Haradatta. on Kāśikā I.3.2.
galatpadathe word occurs in the Prātiśākhya works in connection with the definition of संक्रम, in the kramapātha. The word संक्रम means bringing together two words when they are combined according to rules of Samdhi. (See the word संक्रम). In the Kramapātha, where each word occurs twice by repetition, a word occurring twice in a hymn or a sentence is not to be repeated for Kramapātha, but it is to be passed over. The word which is passed over in the Kramapātha is called गलत्पद; e. g. दिशां च पतये नमो नमो वृक्षेभ्यो हरिकेशेभ्यः पशूनां पतये नमो नमः सस्पिञ्जराय त्विषीमतॆ पथीनां पतये नमः । In the Kramapātha पतये नमः and नमः are passed over and पशूनां is to be connected with सस्पिञ्जराय. The words पतये नमः and नमः are called galatpada; confer, compare गलत्पदमतिक्रम्य अगलता सह संधानं संक्रम; Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.IV. 197. There is no गलत्पद in पदपाठ.
gārgyaan ancient reputed grammarian and possibly a writer of a Nirukta work, whose views, especially in.connection with accents are given in the Pratisakhya works, the Nirukta and Panini's Astadhyayi. Although belonging to the Nirukta school, he upheld the view of the Vaiyakaranas that all words cannot be derived, but only some of them: cf Nirukta of Yāska.I. 12.3. cf, also Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.IV. 167, Nirukta of Yāska.I. 3.5, III. 14.22: Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I. 13; XIII. 12: P. VII. 3.99, VIII. 3.20, VIII. 4.69.
govindawriter of a commentary known as अम्बाकर्त्री by reason of that work beginning with the stanza अम्बा कर्त्रींó, on the Paribhasendusekhara of Nagesa.
gh(1)fourth consonant of the guttural class of consonants having the properties कण्ठसंवृतत्व, घोष, नादानुप्रदानत्व and महाप्राणत्व; (2)the consonant घ at the beginning of a taddhita affix. affix which is always changed into इय्; confer, compare P. VII. 1. 9; (3) substitute for ह् at the end of roots beginning with द्, as also of the root नह् under certain conditions; confer, compare P.VIII.2.32,33,34; (4) substitute for the consonant व् of मतुव् placed after the pronouns किम् and इदम् which again is changed into इय् by VII.1.9: exempli gratia, for example कियान्, इयान्: confer, compare P.V. 2.40.
ṅamudaugment ङम् i. e. ङ्, ण् or न् prefixed to a vowel at the beginning of a word provided that vowel is preceded by ङ्, ण् or न् standing at the end of the preceding word. See ङ् (3).
ṅyāppāda popular name given by grammarians to the first pada of the fourth adhyaya of Panini's Astadyayi as the pada begins with the rule ङ्याप्प्रातिपदिकात् IV. I.I.
cfirst consonant of palatal class of consonants, possessed of the properties, श्वास, अघोष, अल्पप्राण and कण्ठविवृतत्व. च् at the beginning of an affix is mute e. g. च्फञ्, confer, compare चुट् P. I. 3.7; words, having the mute letter च् (dropped), have their last vowel accented acute e. g. भङ्गुरम् । भासुरम् । confer, compare चित: VI. 1.163.
cullibhaṭṭia grammarian who is supposed to have written a gloss ( वृत्ति ) on the Sutras of Panini; confer, compare तत्र च वृतिः पाणिनिप्रणीतानां सूत्राणां विवरणं चुल्लिभट्टिनल्लूरादि( V. 1. निर्लूरादि-) विरचितम् , Nyasa, on the benedictory verse of Kasika: वृत्तौ भाष्ये तथा घातुनामपारायणादिषु at the very beginning.
caurādikaa root belonging to the tenth conjugation of roots ( चुरादिगण ) ; confer, compare अामः इति चौरादिकस्य णिचि वृद्धौ सत्यां भवति । Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. VII. 3. 34.
chthe second consonant of the palatal class of consonants ( चवर्ग ), which is possessed of the properties श्वास, अघोष, मह्याप्राण and कण्ठविवृतकारित्व. छ् , placed at the beginning of affixes, is mute; while ईय् is substituted for छ् standing at the beginning of taddhita affixes; confer, compare P. I. 3.7 and VII. 1.2. छ् at the end of roots has got ष्, substituted for it: confer, compare P. VIII. 2.36.
chataddhita affix. affix ईय, added ( 1 ) to the words स्वसृ, भ्रातृ and to words ending with the taddhita affix. affix फिञ्: confer, compare P. IV. 1.143,144 and 149; (2) to the dvandva compound of words meaning constellations,to the words अपोनप्तृ, अपांनप्तृ, महेन्द्र, द्यावापृथिवी, शुनासीर et cetera, and others as also to शर्करा, उत्कर , नड et cetera, and others in certain specified senses, confer, compare P. IV. 2.6, 28, 29, 32, 48, 84, 90 &91 ;(3) to words beginning with the vowel called Vrddhi (आ,ऐ or औ),to words ending with गर्त, to words of the गह class, and to युष्मद् and अस्मद् in the शैषिक senses, confer, compare P. IV. 3.114, 137-45 and IV. 3.1 ; (4) to the words जिह्वामूल, अङ्गुलि, as also to words ending in वर्ग in the sense of 'present there '; confer, compare P.IV.3.62-64; (5) to the words शिशुक्रन्द, यमसम, dvandva compounds, इन्द्रजनन and others in the sense of 'a book composed in respect of', confer, compare P.IV. 3.88; (6)to words meaning warrior tribes, to words रैवतिक etc, as also अायुध, and अग्र, in some specified senses: cf P.IV. 3.91, 131, IV. 4.14, 117; (7) to all words barring those given as exceptions in the general senses mentioned in the second. V.I.1-37; (8) to the words पुत्र, कडङ्कर, दक्षिण, words ending in वत्सर, अनुप्रवचन et cetera, and others होत्रा, अभ्यमित्र and कुशाग्र in specified senses; confer, compare P. V. 1. 40, 69,70,91,92, 111,112,135, V. 2.17, V.3.105; (9) to compound words in the sense of इव; e. g. काकतालीयम् , अजाकृपाणीयम् et cetera, and others confer, compare V. 3. 106;and (10) to words ending in जति and स्थान in specified senses; confer, compare P. V.4, 9,10.
chpādaa popular name given by grammarians to the first pada of the fifth Adhyaya of Painis Astadhyayi as the pada begins with the rule प्राक् क्रीताच्छः P. V. 1.1.
jthird consonant of the palatal class of consonants, possessed of the properties नाद, घोष, अल्पप्राण and कण्ठसंवृत्तकारित्व. ज् at the beginning of affixes is mute in Panini's grammar.
jātīyartaddhita affix. affix जातीय in the sense of प्रकार or variety; e. g. पटुजातीयः, मृदुजातीयः; cf Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. V. 3.69. Originally जातीय was possibly an independent word, but as its use, especially as a noun, was found restricted, it came to be looked upon as an affix on the analogy of the affixes कल्प, देश्य, देशीय and others.
jātyaname of a variety of the Svarita or circumflex accent; the original svarita accent as contrasted with the svarita for the grave which follows upon an acute as prescribed by P. in VIII. 4.67, and which is found in the words इन्द्रः, होता et cetera, and others The jatya svarita is noticed in the words स्वः, क्व, न्यक्, कन्या et cetera, and others; .confer, compare उदात्तपूर्वं स्वरितमनुदात्तं पदेक्षरम्। अतोन्यत् स्वरितं स्वारं जात्यमाचक्षते पदे॥ जात्या स्वभावेनैव उदात्तानुदात्तसंगतिं विना जातो जात्यः । तं जात्यमाचक्षतै व्याडिप्रभृयः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) and commentary III. 4.
jusverbal termination उस् substituted for the original झि of the third person. pl, in certain cases mentioned inP.III.4.108,109,110,111, and 112.
jaumārasaṃskaraṇathe revised version by Jumuranandin of the original grammar treatise in verse called संक्षिप्तसार written by KramadiSvara, The Jaumarasamskarana is the samc as.jaumara Vyakarana, which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page..
jauhotyādikaa root belonging to the जुहोत्यादिगण or the third conjugation. ज्ञानदीपिका name of a commentary on Amarasimha’s Amarakosa written by Sripati (Chakravartin) in the 14th century.
jyotsnā(Ι)name of a commentary by Rāmacandra possibly belonging to the 18th century on the Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya; (2) name of a commentary on Nāgeśa's 'Laghuśabdenduśekhara by Udayaṃakara Pāṭhaka of Vārāṇasi in the 18th century.
jhfourth consonant of the palatal class of consonants possessed of the properties नादानुप्रदान, घोष, संवृतकण्ठत्व, and महाप्राणत्व; झ् at the beginning of an affix in Panini Sutras is mute; e. g. the affixes झि, झ et cetera, and others; cf चुटूं P. I. 3.7.
jhacwording of the affix झ (see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.) suggested by the Varttikakara to have the last vowel of अन्त acute, by चितः (P.VI.1.163) the property चित्व being transferred from the original झ to अन्त; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. तथा च झचश्चित्करणमर्थवद् भवति on P.VII.1.3.
ñyaṅtaddhita affix. affix in the sense of 'a descendant' added to words beginning with अा, ऐ, ओ or ending with इ, as also to the words कौसल and अजाद् provided they mean a country and a Ksatriya too; exempli gratia, for example सौवीर्यः, आवन्त्यः, कौन्त्यः कौसल्यः, अाजाद्यः; confer, compare P. IV.1.171.
ṭāṅshort term for affixes beginning with टाप् in P. IV. 1.4 and ending with ष्यङ् in P. IV. 1.78: confer, compare टाङिति प्रत्याहारग्रहणम् । टापः प्रभृति आ ष्यङो ङकारात् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I. 2.48 V. 2.
ṭithe final syllable beginning with a vowel; part of a word consisting of the final vowel in a word and the consonants following the final vowel; cf अचेन्त्यादि टि P. I. 1.64.
ṭilopadeletion or elision of the final syllable beginning with a vowel, as prescribed by Panini in certain rules; confer, compare भस्य टेर्लोपः VII. 1.88, टे: P. VI, 4.143, 155 नस्तद्धिते P. VI. 4.144 and अह्नष्टखोरेव P. VI. 4.145.
ṭhthe second consonant of the lingual class possessed of the properties श्वासानुप्रदान, अघोष, विवृतकण्टत्व and महाप्राणत्व. For the syllable ठ at the beginning of taddhita affixes, the syllable इक is substituted; if however the affix (beginning with ठ ) follows upon a word ending in इस्, उस्, उ, ऋ, लृ and त् then क is added instead of इक; e. g. धानुष्क:, औदश्वित्कः et cetera, and others; confer, compare टस्येकः, इसुसुक्तान्तात् कः, P. VII. 3.50, 51. Some scholars say that इक् and क् are substituted for ठ् by the sutras quoted a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.; confer, compare KS. on VII. 3.50.
ṭhaka very common taddhita affix. affix इक, or क in case it is added to words ending in इस् , उस् , उ, ऋ, ल् and त् according to P. VII. 3. 51, causing the substitution of vrddhi for the first vowel of the word to which it is addedition ठक् is added to (1) रेवती and other words in the sense of descendant ( अपत्य ) e. g. रैवतिकः:, दाण्डग्राहिकः, गार्गिकः, भागवित्तिकः यामुन्दायनिकः, confer, compare P. IV. 1.146-149; (2) to the words लाक्षा,रोचना et cetera, and others in the sense of 'dyed in', e. g. लाक्षिकम्, रौचनिकम् ; confer, compare P. IV. 2.2; (3) to the words दधि and उदश्वित् in the sense of संस्कृत 'made better ', e. g. दाधिकम् , औदश्वित्कम् ( क instead of इक substituted for टक् ), confer, compare P. IV.2. 18, 19; (4) to the words अाग्रहायुणी, अश्वत्थ et cetera, and others; confer, compare P. IV. 2. 22, 23; (5) to words expressive of inanimate objects, to the words हस्ति and धेनु, as also to the words केश and अश्व in the sense of 'multitude '; confer, compare P. IV. 2. 47, 48; (6) to the words क्रतु, उक्थ and words ending in सूत्र, वसन्त et cetera, and others, in the sense of 'students of' ( तदधीते तद्वेद ), confer, compare P. IV. 2.59, 60, 63; (7) to the words कुमुद and others as also to शर्करा as a चातुरर्थिक affix; confer, compare P. IV. 2.80, 84; (8) to the words कन्था, भवत् and वर्षा in the Saisika senses; confer, compare P. IV. 2.102, 115, IV. 3.18; (9) to the words उपजानु and others in the sense 'generally present '; confer, compare P. IV. 3. 40; (10) to the words consisting of two syllables, and the words ऋक्, ब्राह्मण et cetera, and othersin the sense of 'explanatory literary work'; confer, compare P. IV.3.72: ( 11) to words meaning 'sources of income ' in the sense of 'accruing from’; confer, compare P. IV. 3.75; (12) to words denoting inanimate things excepting words showing time or place in the sense of ' भक्ति ', cf P. IV. 8.96; and (13) to the words हल् and सीर in the sense of 'belonging to', confer, compare P. IV. 3.124. The taddhita affix. affix ठक् is added as a general termination, excepting in such cases where other affixes are prescribed, in specified senses like 'तेन दीव्यति, ' 'तेन खनति,' 'तेन संस्कृतम्' et cetera, and others; cf P. IV. 4.1-75, as also to words हल, सीर, कथा, विकथा, वितण्डा et cetera, and others in specified senses, confer, compare P. IV.4. 81, 102 ठक् is also added as a general taddhita affix. affix or अधिकारविहितप्रत्यय, in various specified senses, as prescribed by P. V.1.19-63,and to the words उदर, अयःशूल,दण्ड, अजिन, अङ्गुली, मण्डल, et cetera, and others and to the word एकशाला, in the prescribed senses; confer, compare P. V. 2.67,76, V. 3.108,109; while, without making any change in sense it is added to अनुगादिन् , विनय, समय, उपाय ( औपयिक being the word formed), अकस्मात्, कथंचित्; (confer, compareआकस्मिक काथंचित्क), समूह,विशेष, अत्यय and others, and to the word वाक् in the sense of 'expressed'; confer, compare P. V. 4.13, 34, 35. The feminine. affix ङीप् ( ई ) is added to words ending in the affix टक् to form feminine. bases.
ṭhakpādaa popular name given to the fourth pada of the fourth adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi.The pada begins with the rule प्राग्वहतेष्ठक् P.IV.4.1 prescribing the taddhita affix ठक् in the senses prescribed in rules be. ginning with the next rule ' तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम् ' and ending with the rule 'निकटे वसति' P.IV.4.73.
ṭhacataddhita affix. affix इक or क (by P.VII.3.51) with the vowel अ accented acute applied to (1) कुमुद and others as a Caturarthika affix; confer, compare P. IV.2.80; (2) to multisyllabic words and words beginning with उप which are proper nouns for persons; confer, compare P. V.3.78, 80; and (3) to the word एकशाला in the sense of इव; confer, compare P. V.3.109. The base, to which टच् is added, retains generally two syllables or sometimes three, the rest being elided before the affix ठच् e. g. देविकः, वायुकः, पितृकः शेबलिकः et cetera, and others from the words देवदत्त, वायुदत्त, पितृदत्त, शेवलदत्त et cetera, and others; confer, compare P. V,3.83, 84.
ḍvita root marked with the mute syllable डु (at the beginning) to Signify the application of the krt affix त्रि which is invariably followed by the addition of म ( मप् ), in the sense of 'achieved by' e. g. पक्त्रिमम् ; कृत्रिमम्: confer, compare P. III. 3.88 ; and IV. 4.20.
(1)fourth consonant of the lingual class of consonants possessed of the properties नादानुप्रदान, घोष, संवृतकण्ठत्व and महृाप्राणत्व; (2) the consonant ढ् which is elided when followed by ढ् and the preceding vowel is lengthened; e. g. गाढा, confer, compare P. VIII. 3.13 and VI. 3.111 ; (3) substitute ढ् for ह् at the end of a पद, or, if followed by any consonant excepting a semivowel or a nasal excepting in the cases of roots beginning with द् or the roots द्रुह्, मुह् et cetera, and others as also वह् and अाह् confer, compare P. VIII. 2.31, 32, 33, 34; (4) ढ् at the beginning of a taddhita affix. affix which has got एय् substituted for it; confer, compare गाङ्गेय:, वैनतेयः ; confer, compare P. V. 3.102.
(1)fifth consonant of the lingual class of consonants possessed of the properties, नादानुप्रदान, घोष, संवृतकण्ठत्व, अल्पप्राण and अानुनासिक्यः (2) the mute letter ण् indicating the substitution of vrddhi ( confer, compare P. VII. 2. 115-117) when attached to affixes; (3) the consonant ण् at the beginning of roots which is changed into न्; the roots, having ण् at the beginning changeable to न्, being called णोपदेशः (4) ण् as a substitute for न् following the letters ऋ, ॠ, र्, and ष् directly, or with the intervention of consonants of the guttural and labial classes, but occurring in the same word, Such a substitution of ण् for न् is called णत्व; confer, compare P.VIII.4. I-39. For णत्व in Vedic Literature; confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.)V.20-28, T.Pr.VII.1-12. V.Pr.III.84-88;(5) the consonant ण् added as an augment to a vowel at the beginning of a word when it follows the consonant ण् at the end of the previous word; confer, compare P. VIII. 3. 32. In the Vedic Pratisakhyas this augment ण् is added to the preceding ण् and looked upon as a part of the previous word.
ṇatvapādaa popular name given by grammarians to the fourth pada confer, compare Panini's Astadhyayi, as the pada begins with the rule रषाभ्यां नो णः समानपदे and mainly gives rules about णत्व i. e. the substitution of the consonant ण् for न्.
ṇastaddhita affix. affix अस् applied to the word पर्शू in the sense of collection. The original Varttika is पर्श्वाः सण् P. IV. 2. 43 Vart. 3. Some scholars read णस् in the place of सण् in the Varttika which is read as पर्श्वा णम् वक्तव्यः by them.
ṇopadeśaa root mentioned in the Dhatupatha by Panini as beginning with ण् which subsequently is changed to न् ( by P. VI. 1.65) in all the forms derived from the root; e. g. the roots णम, णी and others. In the case of these roots the initial न् is again changed into ण् after a prefix like प्र or परा having the letter र् in it and having a vowel or a consonant of the guttural or labial class intervening between the letter र् and the letter न्; e. g. प्रणमति, प्रणयकः et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. VIII. 4.14.
ṇaupādaa popular name given to the fourth pada of the seventh Adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi, which begins with the rule णौ चङ्युपघाया ह्रस्त्रः P. VII. 4.1.
ṇyataddhita affix.affix य (l) applied in the sense of 'descendant' as also in a few other senses, mentioned in rules from IV. 1. 92 to IV.3.168, applied to the words दिति, अदिति, अादित्य and word; with पति as the उत्तरपद in a compound, c. g. दैत्यः, आदित्यः, प्राजापत्यम् et cetera, and others confer, compareKāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana.on P. IV.1 84; (2) applied in the sense of a descendant ( अपत्य ) applied to the words कुरु, गर्ग, रथकार, कवि, मति, दर्भ et cetera, and others, e.gकौरव्यः, गार्ग्यः et cetera, and others confer, compare Kas:, on P. IV. I.15I ; (3) applied in the sense of अपत्य or descendant to words ending in सेना,to the word लक्षण and to words in the sense of artisans, e.gकारिषेण्यः, लाक्षण्यः, तान्तुवाय्यः, कौम्भकार्यः; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P.IV.1.152; (4) applied in the Catuararthika senses to the words संकाश, काम्पिल्थ, कश्मीर et cetera, and others, exempli gratia, for example साङ्काश्यम्, काम्पिल्यम् et cetera, and others; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. IV. 2.80; (5) applied to the word परिषद् and optionally with the affix ठक् to the word सेना in the specified senses; e. g. परिषदं समवैति, परिषदि साधुर्वा पारिषद्य्ः, सेनां समवेति सैन्यः सैनिको वा; confer, compare Kas on P. IV. 44, 45, 101 ; (6) applied as a taddhita affix. affix called ' tadraja , to the word कुरु and words beginning with न e. g. कौरव्यः नैषध्यः; confer, compare Kas on P. IV. 1.172; कुरवः, निषधाः et cetera, and others are the nominative case. plural formanuscript.
tattvavimarśinīname of a commentary on the Kasikavrtti by a grammarian named Nandikeśvarakārikā.kārikābhāṣya by Upamanyu.in the beginning of the nineteenth century A. D.
tadādividhia convention similar to the तदन्तविधि of Panini,laid down by the Varttikakara laying down that in case an operation is prescribed for something followed by a single letter, that single letter should be taken to mean a word beginning with that single letter: confer, compare यस्मिन्विधिस्तदादावल्ग्रहणे P.I.1.72 Vart. 29: Par. Sek. Pari. 33.
tadbhāvitaproduced or brought into being by some grammatical operation such as the vowel आ in दाक्षि, कारक्र, अकार्षीत् et cetera, and others by the substitution of वृद्धि, as contrasted with the original अा in ग्राम, विघान शाला, माला et cetera, and others; confer, compare किं पुनरिदं तद्भावितग्रहणं वृद्धिरित्येवं ये आकरैकारौकारा भाव्यन्ते तेषां ग्रहणमाहोस्विदादैज्मात्रस्य M.Bh. on I. 1.1.
tātiltaddhita affix. affix ताति in the very sense of the word to which it is applied occurring in Vedic Literature after the words सर्व and देव, as also after शिव, शम् and अरिष्ट in the sense of 'bringing about' and in the sense of भाव (presence) after the same words शिव, शम् and अरिष्ट; exempli gratia, for example सर्वतातिः, देवतातिः, शिवतातिः et cetera, and others confer, compare P.IV.4.142-144.
tṛn(1)krt affix तृ with the acute accent on the first vowel of the word formed by its application, applied to any root in the sense of 'an agent' provided the agent is habituated to do a thing, or has his nature to do it, or does it well; exempli gratia, for example वदिता जनापवादान् , मुण्डयितारः श्राविष्ठायना -भवन्ति वधूमूढाम् , कर्ता कटम्; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. III.2.135; words ending with तृन् govern the noun connected with them in the accusative case; (2) the term तृन् , used as a short term ( प्रत्याहार ) standing for krt affixes beginning with those prescribed by the rule लटः शतृशानचौ (P.III.2.124) and ending with the affix तृन् (in P.III.3.69); confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P.III.4.69.
tairovyañjanaa kind of svarita or circumflex-accented vowel which follows an acute-accented vowel, with the intervention of a consonant between the acute accented vowel and the circumflex vowel which (vowel) originally was grave. e. g. इडे, रन्ते, हव्ये, काम्ये; here the vowel ए is तैरोव्यञ्जनस्वरित; confer, compare स्वरो व्यञ्जनयुतस्तैरोव्यञ्जनः, Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.I. 117.
taudādikaa root belonging to the तुदादि class of roots ( sixth conjugation ) which take the vikarana अ ( श ) causing no guna or vrddhi substitute for the vowel of the root.
dantaplace where the utterance of dental letters originates;confer, compare ऌतुलसानां दन्ताः S. K. on P. I. 1.9.
dayānandasarasvatia brilliant Vedic scholar of the nineteenth century belonging to North India who established on a sound footing the study of the Vedas and Vyakarana and encouraged the study of Kasikavrtti. He has written many books on vedic studies.
daśabalakārikāa short treatise on the roots belonging to more than one conjugation; the name of the author is not given.
daśabalakārikāa short treatise on the roots belonging to more than one conjugation; the name of the author is not given.
devatādvandvaa compound word called द्वन्द्व whose members are names of deities; the peculiarities of this Dvandva compound are (a) that generally there are changes at the end of the first member, by virtue of which it appears similar to a word ending in the dual number, and (b) that both the words retain their original accents.exempli gratia, for example इन्द्रासोमौ, सौमापूषणा, अग्नीषोमाभ्यां, मित्रावरुणाभ्याम् ; for changes, confer, compare P. VI.3.25-31; for accent, confer, compare देवताद्वन्द्वानि चानामन्त्रितानि (द्विरुदात्तानिं) । इन्द्राबृहस्पतिभ्याम्, इन्द्राबृहस्पती इति त्रीणि Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.II.48, 49; confer, compare also देवताद्वन्द्वे च P. VI, 2.141.
devikāpādaa popular name given to the third pada of the seventh adhyaya of Parinis Asadhyāyi as the pada begins with the Sutra दविकाशिंशपादित्यवाट्दीर्घसत्त्रश्रेयसामात् P.VII 3. 1.
deśaliterally place; (l) original place of articulation: confer, compare अदेशे वा वचनं व्यञ्जनस्य, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XIV. 5; (2) place of origin; उच्चारणस्थान: (3) place of inferential establishment of a Paribhasa et cetera, and others परिभाषादेशः उद्देशः Par. Sek. paribhāṣā. 2,3; (4) passage of the Samhita text, confer, compare.Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.I. 59.
daivādikaa root belonging to the fourth conjugation of roots.( दिवादिगण ); confer, compareजसु ताडेन इति चुरादौ पठ्यते तस्येदं ग्रहणं, न देवादिकस्य, Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. II 3.56.
drutabodhaname of a treatise on grammar written for beginners by Bharatasena or Bharatamalla of Bengal in the sixteemth century.
dvigupādaa Popular name given by grammarians to the fourth quarter of the second Adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi which begins with the sutra द्विगुरेकवचनम् II. 4.1.
dvitīyadvirvacanathe reduplication of a root beginning with a vowel prescribed by the rule अजादेर्द्वितीयस्य P. VI. 1.2.
dvitvadoubling, reduplication prescribed for (I) a root in the perfect tense excepting the cases where the affix अाम् is added to the root before the personal ending: exempli gratia, for example बभूव, चकार, ऊर्णुनाव et cetera, and others cf P. VI. 1.1,2; (2) a root before the vikarana affixes सन्, यङ्, श्लु and चङ् e. g. बुभूषति, चेक्रीयते, चर्करीति, जुहोति, अचीकरत् et cetera, and others confer, compare P. VI. 1.9l l ; (3) a word ending in अम् . ( णमुल् ) in the sense of repetition, e. g. स्मारं स्मारं वक्ष्ये, भोजं भोजं व्रजति confer, compare आभीक्ष्ण्ये द्वे भवतः P. VIII. 1.12 Vart. 7; (4) any word (a) in the sense of constant or frequent action, (b) in the sense of repetition, (c) showing reproach, or scorn, or quality in the sense of its incomplete possess-, ion, or (d) in the vocative case at the beginning of a sentence in some specified senses; reduplication is also prescribed for the prepositions परि, प्र, सम्, उप, उद्, उपरि, अधि, अघस् in some specified senses confer, compare P. VIII. 1.1 to 15. A letter excepting हृ and र्, is also repeated, if so desired, when (a) it occurs after the letter ह् or र् , which is preceded by a vowel e g. अर्क्कः अर्द्धम् et cetera, and others cf VIII. 4.46; or when (b) it is preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant e. g. दद्ध्यत्र, म्द्धवत्र confer, compare P. VIII. 4.47. For details see Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on VIII. 4.46-52. The word द्वित्व is sometimes used in the sense of the dual number; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. I.2.51. The words द्वित्व, द्विर्वचन and द्विरुक्त are generally used as synonymanuscript. Panini generally uses the word द्वे. For द्वित्व in Vedic Literature confer, compare Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) VI. 1.4; Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XIV. 1-8 V, Pr. IV. 101-118.
dhātupāṭha(1)name given in general to the several collections of roots given generally with their meanings by grammarians belonging to the various different schools of grammar. These collections are given as necessary appendices named खिल to their grammars by the well known grammarians of Sanskrit such as Panini, Sakatayana, and others; (2) a small treatise on roots written by Bhimasena of the 14th century.
dhātupradīpaa work dealing with verbal forms written by Maitreya Raksita, a Buddhist writer and a famous grammarian belonging to the eastern part of India who lived in the middle of the twelfth century. He is believed to have written many scholarly works in connection with Panini's grammar out of which the Tantrapradipa is the most important one. The work Dhatupradipa is quoted by Saranadeva, who was a contemporary of Maitreya Raksita, in his Durghatavrtti on P. II. 4. 52.
ghātusabandhapādaconventional name given to the fourth pada of Panini's Astadhyayi which begins with the Sutra धातुसंबन्धे प्रत्ययाः P. III.4.1
dhānyapādaa popular name given to the second pada of the fifth adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi possibly because the pada begins with the Sutra धान्यानां भवने क्षेत्रे खञ्, P. V.2.1
dhāraṇa(1)suppression of a consonant, out of two successive consonants which is looked upon as a fault of recital; exempli gratia, for example ह्वयामि when recited as वयामि; efeminine. धारणमनुपलब्धिः Uvvata on R.Pr.XIV. 6; (2) repetition of a consonant which is also a fault; exempli gratia, for example ज्ज्योतिष्कृत् for ज्योतिष्कृत्: confer, compare Uvvata on XIV.6;confer, compare also धारयन्त; परक्रमं et cetera, and others explained by Uvvata as सान्तस्थस्य संयोगस्य आदौ रक्तं धारयन्तो विलम्बमानाः परक्रमं कुर्वन्ति where धारयन्तः means 'lengthening’ or 'prolonging' confer, compare R.Pr. on XIV.23; (3) the peculiar position of the mouth (मुखसंधारणम् ) by which a double consonant is recited as a single one, confer, compare द्विवर्णमेकवर्णवत् ( एकप्रयत्ननिर्वर्त्य ) धारणात् exempli gratia, for example व्यात्तम् , कुक्कुटः, confer, compare V.Pr. IV.144.
dhṛta or dhṛtapracayaa kind of original grave vowel turned into a circumflex one which is called प्रचय unless followed by another acute or circumflex vowel. The Taittiriya Pratisakhya has mentioned seven varieties of this 'pracaya' out of which धृतप्रचय or धृत is one. For details see Bhasya on धृतः प्रचयः कौण्डिन्यस्य, T.Pr.XVIII.3.
dhvePersonal-ending of the second. person. Pl. Atmanepada in the present and perfect tenses. न् fifth consonant of the dental class of consonants which is possessed of the properties घोष, नादानुप्रदान, अल्पप्राणत्व, संवृतकण्ठत्व and अानुनासिक्य. In Panini's grammar the nasal consonant न् (a)is added as an augment prescribed\ \नुट् or नुम् which originally is seen as न्, but afterwards changed into अनुस्वार or परसवर्ण as required, as for example in पयांसि, यशांसि, निन्दति, वन्दति et cetera, and others; confer, compare P. VII. 1.58-73, VII. 1.7983; VIII. 3.24; (b) is changed into ण् when it directly follows upon ऋ, ॠ, र् or ष् or even intervened by a vowel, a semivowel except ल् , a guttural consonant, a labial consonant or an anusvara; confer, compare P. VIII. 4.1.1-31. (c) is substituted for the final म् of a root, e. g. प्रशान्, प्रतान् confer, compare P. VIII. 2.64, 65.
nandyādiname giver to the class of roots beginning with the root नन्द्, which includes the roots वाश्, मद् , दूष्, वृध् , शुभ् and others as given in the Ganapatha.These roots have the affix ल्यु id est, that is अन added to them in the sense of agent. exempli gratia, for example नन्दनः, वाशनः, मदनः, वर्धनः, शोभनः, रमणः, दर्पणः, जनार्दनः, यवनः et cetera, and others; confer, compare P.III.1.134.
narendrasūrian old grammarian believed to have been the original writer of the Sarasvata Vyakarana, on the strength of references to him in the commentary on the Sarasvata Vyakarana written by क्षेमेन्द्र as also references in the commentary on the Prakriykaumudi by Vitthalesa. He is believed to have lived in the tenth century A;D.
nādi(a root)beginning with न् in the Dhatupatha as contrasted with one beginning with ण् ( णादि ) whose ण् is, of course, changed into न् when conjugational and other forms are arrived at; confer, compare सर्वे नादयो णोपदेशा नृतिनन्दिनदिनक्किनाटिनाथृनाधृनॄवर्जम् M.Bh. on VI. 1.65.
nitya(1)eternal, as applied to word or Sabda in contrast with sound or dhvani which is evanescent (कार्य ). The sound with meaning or without meaning,made by men and animals is impermanent; but the sense or idea awakened in the mind by the evanescent audible words on reaching the mind is of a permanent or eternal nature; confer, compare स्फोटः शब्दो ध्वनिस्तस्य व्यायामादुपजायते; confer, compare also व्याप्तिमत्त्वा्त्तु शब्दस्य Nir.I.1 ; (2) constant; not liable to be set aside by another; confer, compare उपबन्धस्तु देशाय नित्यम्, न रुन्धे नित्यम्। नित्यशब्दः प्राप्त्यन्तरानिषेधार्थः T.Pr.I.59, IV.14; (3) original as constrasted with one introduced anew such as an augment; confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.VI.14; (4) permanently functioning, as opposed to tentatively doing so; confer, compare नित्यविरते द्विमात्रम् Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya.37; (5) unchangeable, permanent, imperishable; confer, compare अयं नित्यशब्दोस्त्येव कूटस्थेष्वविचालिषु भावेषु वर्तते M.Bh. on P. VIII. 1.4; (6) always or invariably applying, as opposed to optional; the word in this sense is used in connection with rules or operations that do not optionally apply; confer, compare उपपदसमासो नित्यसमासः, षष्ठीसमासः पुनार्वेभाषा; Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.II.2.19; (7) constant,as applied to a rule which applies if another simultaneously applying rule were to have taken effect, as well as when that other rule does not take effect; confer, compare क्वचित्कृताकृतप्रसङ्गमात्रेणापि नित्यता Par. Sek. Pari 46. The operations which are nitya according to this Paribhasa take effect in preference to others which are not 'nitya', although they may even be 'para'; confer, compare परान्नित्यं बलवत् Par. Sek. Pari. 42.
numaugment न् inserted after the last vowel (1) of a root given in the Dhātupātha as ending with mute इ; exempli gratia, for example निन्दति, क्रन्दति, चिन्तयति, जिन्वति et cetera, and others; confer, compare P VII.1.58; (2) of roots मुच् and others before the conjugational sign अ ( श ); e. g. मुञ्चति, लुम्पति; confer, compare P. VII.1.59; (3) of the roots मस्ज्, नश्, रध्, जभ् and लभ् under certain specified conditions, exempli gratia, for exampleमङ्क्त्वा, नंष्टा, रन्धयति, जम्भयति, लम्भयति, आलम्भ्यः et cetera, and others confer, compare P.VII. 1.60-69; (4) of declinable bases marked with the mute indicatory letter उ, ऋ or ऌ as also of the declinable wording अञ्च् from the root अञ्च् and युज्, exempli gratia, for exampleभवान्, श्रेयान् , प्राङ्, युङ्, confer, compare Kās. on P. VII.1. 70, 71; (5) of the declinable base in the neuter gender, ending with a vowel or with any consonant excepting a semivowel or a nasal, before a case-ending termed Sarvanāmasthāna; exempli gratia, for example यशांसि, वनानि, जतूनि et cetera, and others, confer, compare Kās. on VII.1.72; (6) of the declinable base in the neuter gender, ending with इ, उ,ऋ or ऌ before a case-ending beginning with a vowel; exempli gratia, for example मधुने, शुचिने et cetera, and others, confer, compare Kās, on P. VII.1.73; (7) of the affix शतृ ( अत् of the present tense. participle.) under certain conditions याती यान्ती; पचन्ती, सीव्यन्ती, confer, compare I .VII.78-8 : (8) of the word अनडुह् before the nominative case. and vocative case. singular. affix सु;exempli gratia, for example अनड्वान् , हे अनड्वन्, confer, compare P. VII.1. 82; (9) of the words दृक्, स्ववस् and स्वतवस् before the nominative case. and vocative case.singular.affix सु in Vedic Literature, e. g. यादृङ्, स्ववान् , स्वतवान् , confer, compare P.VII.1.83.
naigama(1)belonging to the Veda, Vedic as opposed to लौकिक or भाषिक; confer, compare नैघण्टुकानि नैगमानीहेह Nir.I. 20; (2) name given to Kāndas 4, 5 and 6 of the Nirukta of Yāska; confer, compare अनवगतसंस्कारा जहादयो यस्मिन्निगम्यन्ते तन्नैगमं Durga Vr. on Nir IV.1.
nyaṅkvādia class of words headed by the word न्यङ्कु, which are formed by means of the substitution of a guttural consonant in the place of a consonant of any other class belonging to the root from which these words are formed; exempli gratia, for example न्यङ्कुः मद्गुः, भृगुः et cetera, and others; confer, compare Kās, on P.VII.3. 53.
paṇḍitawriter of Citprabhā, a commentary on the Paribhāșenduśekhara. A commentary on the Laghuśabdenduśekhara is also ascribed to him. He was a Gauda Brāhmaņa whose native place was Kurukșetra. He lived in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
padaa word; a unit forming a part of a sentence; a unit made up of a letter or of letters, possessed of sense; confer, compare अक्षरसमुदायः पदम् । अक्षरं वा । V.Pr. VIII. 46, 47. The word originally was applied to the individual words which constituted the Vedic Samhitā; confer, compare पदप्रकृतिः संहिता Nir.I.17. Accordingly, it is defined in the Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya as ' अर्थः पदम् ' (Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.III. 2) as contrasted with ' वर्णानामेकप्राणयोगः संहिता ' (V.Pr.I.158). The definition ' अर्थः पदम् ' is attributed to the ancient grammarian 'Indra', who is believed to have been the first Grammarian of India. Pāņini has defined the term पद as ' सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् ' P.I.4.14. His definition is applicable to complete noun-forms and verb-forms and also to prefixes and indeclinables where a case-affix is placed and elided according to him; confer, compare अव्ययादाप्सुपः P. II. 4. 82. The noun-bases before case affixes and taddhita affix. affixes, mentioned in rules upto the end of the fifth adhyāya, which begin with a consonant excepting य् are also termed पद by Pāņini to include parts of words before the case affixes भ्याम् , भिस्, सु et cetera, and others as also before the taddhita affix. affixes मत्, वत् et cetera, and others which are given as separate padas many times in the pada-pātha of the Vedas; confer, compare स्वादिष्वसर्वनामस्थाने P. I. 4. 17. See for details the word पदपाठ. There are given four kinds of padas or words viz. नाम, अाख्यात, उपसर्ग and निपात in the Nirukta and Prātiśākhya works; confer, compare also पदमर्थे प्रयुज्यते, विभक्त्यन्तं च पदम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I. 2. 64 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 19, वर्णसमुदायः पदम् M.Bh. on I.1.21 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 5, पूर्वपरयोरर्थोपलब्धौ पदम् Kātantra vyākaraṇa Sūtra.I.1.20, पदशब्देनार्थ उच्यते Kaiyata on P.I.2.42 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 2; confer, compare also पद्यते गम्यते अर्थः अनेनेति पदमित्यन्वर्थसंज्ञा Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. on P.III. 1.92. The verb endings or affixs ति, तस् and others are also called पद. The word पद in this sense is never used alone, but with the word परस्मै or अात्मने preceding it. The term परस्मैपद stands for the nine affixes तिप्, तस्, ...मस्,while the term आत्मनेपद stands for the nine affixes त, आताम् ... महिङ्. confer, compare ल: परमैपदम्, तङानावात्मनेपदम्. It is possible to say that in the terms परस्मैपद and अात्मनेपद also, the term पद could be taken to mean a word, and it is very likely that the words परस्मैपद and अात्मनेपद were originally used in the sense of 'words referring to something meant for another' and 'referring to something meant for self' respectively. Such words, of course, referred to verbal forms, roughly corresponding to the verbs in the active voice and verbs in the passive voice. There are some modern scholars of grammar, especially linguists, who like to translate परस्मैपद as 'active voice' and आत्मनेपद as ' passive voice'. Pāņini appears, however, to have adapted the sense of the terms परस्मैपद and आत्मनेपद and taken them to mean mere affixes just as he has done in the case of the terms कृत् and तद्धित. Presumably in ancient times, words current in use were grouped into four classes by the authors of the Nirukta works, viz. (a) कृत् (words derived from roots)such as कर्ता, कारकः, भवनम् et cetera, and others, (b) तद्धित (words derived from nouns ) such as गार्ग्यः , काषायम् , et cetera, and others, (c) Parasmaipada words viz. verbs such as भवति, पचति, and (d) Ātmanepada words id est, that is verbs like एधते, वर्धते, et cetera, and othersVerbs करोति and कुरुते or हरति and हरते were looked upon as both परस्मैपद words and आत्मनेपद words. The question of simple words, as they are called by the followers of Pāņini, such as नर, तद् , गो, अश्व, and a number of similar underived words, did not occur to the authors of the Nirukta as they believed that every noun was derivable, and hence could be included in the kŗt words.
padakāṇḍa(1)a term used in connection with the first section of the Vākyapadīya named ब्रह्मकाण्ड also, which deals with padas, as contrasted with the second section which deals with Vākyas; (2) a section of the Așțadhyāyī of Pāņini, which gives rules about changes and modifications applicable to the pada, or the formed word, as contrasted with the base (अङ्ग) and the suffixes. The section is called पदाधिकार which begins with the rule पदस्य P.VIII.1.16. and ends with the rule इडाया वा VIII. 3. 54.
padapāṭhathe recital of the Veda text pronouncing or showing each word separately as detached from the adjoining word. It is believed that the Veda texts were recited originally as running texts by the inspired sages, and as such, they were preserved by people by oral tradition. Later on after several centuries, their individually distinct words were shown by grammarians who were called Padakāras. The पदपाठ later on had many modifications or artificial recitations such as क्रम, जटा, घन et cetera, and others in which each word was repeated twice or more times, being uttered connectedly with the preceding or the following word, or with both. These artificial recitations were of eight kinds, which came to be known by the term अष्टविकृतयः.
padādi(1)beginning of a word, the first letter of a word; confer, compare सात्पदाद्योः P. VIII.3.111; confer, compare also स्वरितो वानुदात्ते पदादौ P. VIII.2.6. Patañjali, for the sake of argument has only once explained पदादि as पदादादिः confer, compare M.Bh.on I. 1. 63 Vāŗt. 6; (2) a class of words headed by the word पद् which is substituted for पद in all cases except the nominative case. and the acc. singular and dual; this class, called पदादि, contains the substitutes पद् , दत्, नस् et cetera, and others respectively for पाद दन्त, नासिका et cetera, and others confer, compare Kās on P. VI. 1.63; (3) the words in the class, called पदादि, constiting of the words पद्, दत्, नस्, मस् हृत् and निश् only, which have the case affix after them accented acute; confer, compare P. VI. 1.171.
paramaprakṛtithe most original base; the original of the original base; the word is used in connection with a base which is not a direct base to which an affix is added, but which is a remote base;confer, compare अापत्यो वा गेात्रम् | परमप्रकृतश्च अापत्यः । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.IV.1.89; confer, compare also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). om IV.1.93,98,163.
parasmaipadaa term used in grammar with reference to the personal affixs ति, त: et cetera, and others applied to roots. The term परस्मैपद is given to the first nine afixes ति, त:, अन्ति, सि, थ:, थ, मि, व: and म:, while the term आत्मनेपद is used in connection with the next nine त, आताम् et cetera, and others; confer, compare परस्मै परोद्देशार्थफलकं पदम् Vac. Kosa. The term परस्मैपद is explained by some as representing the Active_Voice as contrasted with the Passive Voice which necessarily is characterized by the Aatmanepada affixes. The term परस्मैभाष in the sense of परस्मैपद was used by ancient grammarians and is also found in the Vaarttika अात्मनेभाषपस्मैभाषयोरुपसंख्यानम् P. VI. 3.8 Vart.1 . The term परस्मैभाष as applied to roots, could be explained as परस्मै क्रियां (or क्रियाफलं) भाषन्ते इति परस्मैभाषाः and originally such roots as had their activity meant for another, used to take the परस्मैपद् affixes, while the rest which had the activity meant for self, took the अात्मनेपद affixes. Roots having activity for both, took both the terminations and were termed उभयपदिनः.
parāṅgavadbhāvabehaviour as having become a part and parcel of another ; treatment of a word as a part of another. The term is used by Panini in connection with a word followed by and connected with a word in the vocative case of which it is looked upon as a part for purposes of accent, e. g. कुण्डेनाटन् , मद्राणां राजन् et cetera, and others Here the words अटन् and राजन् , being in the vocative case, are अाद्युदात्त, id est, that is अ ( at the beginning of अटन्) and अा (in राजन्) are acute and as a result all the other vowels in कुण्डेनाटन् and मद्राणां राजन् become अनुदात्त or grave; confer, compare सुबामन्त्रिते पराङ्गवत्स्वरे P.II.1.2.
parādisasvaraa consonant belonging to the succeeding vowel in sylllabication; confer, compare R.Pr.I.15.
paribhāṣāsegraha'a work containing a collection of independent works on Paribhasas in the several systems of Sanskrit Grammar, compiled by M. M. K. V. Abhyankar. The collectlon consists of the following works (i) परिभाषासूचन containing 93 Paribhasas with a commentary by Vyadi, an ancient grammarian who lived before Patanjali; ( ii ) ब्याडीयपरिभाषापाठ, a bare text of 140 Paribhaasaas belonging to the school of Vyadi (iii) शाकटायनपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 98 Paribhasa aphorisms, attributed to the ancient grammarian Saka-tayana, or belonging to that school; [iv) चान्द्रपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 86 Paribhasa aphorisms given at the end of his grammar work by Candragomin; (v) कातन्त्रपरिभाषासूत्रवृत्ति a gloss on 65 Paribhas aphorisms of the Katantra school by Durgasimha; (vi) कातन्त्रपारभाषासूत्रवृत्ति a short gloss on 62 Paribhasa aphorisms of the Katantra school by Bhavamisra; (vii) कातन्त्रपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 96 Paribhasa rules belonging to the Katantra school without any author's name associated with it; (viii) कालापपरिभाषासूत्र a text of 118 Paribhasa rules belonging to the Kalapa school without any author's name associated with it; (ix) जैनेन्द्रपरिभाषावृत्ति a gloss written by M. M. K. V. Abhyankar ( the compiler of the collection), on 108 Paribhasas or maxims noticeable in the Mahavrtti of Abhayanandin on the Jainendra Vyakarana of Pujyapada Devanandin; (x) भोजदेवकृतपरि-भाषासूत्र a text of 118 Paribhasa rules given by Bhoja in the second pada of the first adhyaaya of his grammar work named Sarasvatikanthabharana; (xi) न्यायसंग्रह a bare text of 140 paribhasas(which are called by the name nyaya) given by Hema-hamsagani in his paribhasa.work named न्यायसंग्रह; (xii) लधुपरिभाषावृत्ति a gloss on 120 Paribhasas of the Panini school written by Puruso-ttamadeva; (xiii) वृहत्परिभाषावृत्ति con-taining 130 Paribhasas with a commentary by Siradeva and a very short,gloss on the commentary by Srimanasarman ( xiv ) परिभाषावृत्ति a short gloss on 140 Paribhasas of the Panini school written by Nilakantha; (xv) परिभाषाभास्कर a collection of 132 Paribhasas with a commentary by Haribhaskara Agnihotri; (xvi) bare text of Paribhasa given and explained by Nagesabhatta in his Paribhasendusekhara. The total number of Paribhasas mentioned and treated in the whole collection exceeds five hundredition
paribhāṣenduśekharathe reputed authoritative work on the Paribhasas in the system of Paanini's grammar written by Nagesabhatta in the beginning of the 18th century A.D. at Benares. The work is studied very widely and has got more than 25 commentaries written by pupils in the spiritual line of Nagesa. Well-known among these commentaries are those written by Vaidyanatha Payagunde ( called गदा ), by BhairavamiSra ( called मिश्री), by Raghavendraacaarya Gajendragadakara ( called त्रिपथगा ), by Govindacarya Astaputre of Poona in the beginning of the nineteenth century (called भावार्थदीपिका), by BhaskaraSastri Abhyankar of Satara (called भास्करी ), and by M. M. Vaasudevasaastri Abhyankar of Poona (called तत्त्वादर्श ). Besides these, there are commentaries written by Taatya Sastri Patawardhana,Ganapati Sastri Mokaate, Jayadeva Misra, VisnuSastri Bhat, Vishwanatha Dandibhatta, Harinaatha Dwiwedi Gopaalacarya Karhaadkar, Harishastri Bhagawata, Govinda Shastri Bharadwaja, Naarayana Shastri Galagali, Venumaadhava Shukla, Brahmaananda Saraswati, ManisiSeSaSarma,Manyudeva, Samkarabhatta, Indirapati, Bhimacarya Galagali, Madhavacarya Waikaar, Cidrupasraya, Bhimabhatta, LakSminrsimha and a few others. Some of these works are named by their authors as Tikaas, others as Vyaakhyaas and still others as Tippanis or Vivrtis.
paśyantīname of the second out of the four successive stages in the origination or utterance of a word from the mouth. According to the ancient writers on Phonetics, sound or word ( वाक् ) which is constituted of air ( वायु ) originates at the Mulaadhaaracakra where it is called परा. It then springs up and it is called पश्यन्ती in the second stage. Thence it comes up and is called मध्यमा in the third stage; rising up from the third stage when the air strikes against the vocal chords in the glottis and comes in contact with the different parts of the mouth, it becomes articulate and is heard in the form of different sounds. when it is called वैखरी; confer, compare वैखर्या मध्यमायाश्च पश्यन्त्याश्चैतदद्भुतम् । अनेकतीर्थभेदायास्त्रय्या वाचः परं पदम् Vaakyapadiya I. 144, and also confer, compare पश्यन्ती तु सा चलाचलप्रतिबद्धसमाधाना संनिविष्टज्ञेयाकारा प्रतिलीनाकारा निराकारा च परिच्छिन्नार्थप्रत्ययवभासा संसृष्टार्थप्रत्यवभासा च प्रशान्तसर्वार्थप्रत्यवभासा चेत्यपरिमितभेदा । पश्यन्त्या रूपमनपभ्रंशामसंकीर्ण लोकव्यवह्यरातीतम् । commentary on Vaakyapadiya I. 144. confer, compare also तत्र श्रोत्रविषया वैखरी । मध्यमा हृदयदशेस्था पदप्रत्यक्षानुपपत्त्या व्यवहारकारणम् । पश्यन्ती तु लोकव्यवहारातीता। योगिनां तु तत्रापि प्रकृतिप्रत्ययविभागावगतिरस्ति | परायां तु न इति त्रय्या इत्युक्तम् । Mahābhāṣya-Pradīpoddyota by Nāgeśa.on चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). Ahnika 1.
pāṭha(1)recital of a sacred Vedic or Sastra work; the original recital of an authoritative text;(2) the various artificial ways or methods of such a recital; c.g. पदपाठ, क्रमपाठ et cetera, and others in the case of Vedic Literature: (3) an original recital such as the सुत्रपाठ, धातुपाठ, गणपाठ, वार्तिकपाठ and परिभाषापाठ in the case of the several systems of Sanskrit Grammar; the five Paathas are called पञ्चपाठी; (4) recitation; confer, compare नान्तरेण पाठं स्वरा अनुबन्धा वा शक्या विज्ञातुम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.I.3.1 Vaart. 13; (5) reading, variant: confer, compare चूर्णादीनि अप्राण्युपग्रहादिति सूत्रस्य पाठान्तरम् Kaas. on P.V.2.134.
pāriṣadaliterally belonging to the assembly; the term पारिषद refers to the results of the discussions held at the assemblies of specially prominent scholars or learned persons ; confer, compare सर्ववेदपारिषदं हीदं शास्त्रं (ब्याकरणम्) तत्र नैकः पन्था: शक्य आस्थातुम् । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on II. 1. 58; VI. 3.14.
pum.or पुंस् masculine. It appears that both पुभ्, and पुंस् were current terms meaning 'masculine ' in ancient days. confer, compare पुमः खय्यम्परे P.VIII. 3.12. and पुंसोसुङ् P. VII. 1.89. Although पुभ् is changed to पुंस् before a word beginning with a hard consonant, still पुंस् is given as an independent word derived from the root पा confer, compare पातेर्डुम्सुन् Unādi S IV. 177; confer, compare also the expressions पुंवचन, पुंलिङ्ग and पुंयोग.
pūjyapādaoriginally a title, but mostly used in connection with the famous Jain grammarian देवनन्दिन् whose work on grammar called जैनेन्द्रव्याकरण is well-known: see देवनन्दिन्.
pūrva(l)ancient, old: (2) belonging to the Eastern districts. The word is frequently used as qualifying the word अाचार्य where it means ancient.
pūrvapadaprakṛtisvararetention of the original acute accent of the first member in a compound as is generally noticed in the bahuvrihi compound and in special cases in other compounds; cf बहुव्रीहौ प्रकृत्या पूर्वपदम् and the following rules P. WI. 2.1 to 63.
pūrvāntasasvarabelonging to the previous vowel in syllabication; e. g. a consonant at the end of a word or the first in a consonant group ( संयोग ).
pūrvāparapādaname given to the second pada of the second adhyaya of Panini's Asadhyayi which begins with the Sutra पूर्वापराधरोत्तरमेकदेशिनैकाधिकरणे P. II. 2.1.
prakaraṇagranthaliterary works in which the treatment is given in the form of topics by arranging the original sutras or rules differently so that all such rules as relate to a particular topic are found together: the Prakriykaumudi, the Siddhantakumudi and others are called प्रकरणग्रन्थs. Such works are generally known by the name प्राक्रयाग्रन्थ as opposed to वृतिग्रन्थ.
prakṛti(1)material cause: confer, compare. तदर्थे विकृते: प्रकृतौ । प्रकृतिरुपादानकारणं तस्यैव उत्तरमवस्थान्तरं विकृतिः Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana.on P.V.1.12; (2) original, as opposed to modified' ( विकृति ); the original base of a word which is used in language by the addition of affixes. There are mentioned three kinds of such original words in grammar, roots ( धातु ), noun bases ( प्रातिपदिक ) and affixes (प्रत्यय). प्रकृति is defined as शास्त्रप्रक्रियक्रियाव्यवहारे प्रकृतिप्रत्ययविभागकल्पनय शब्दार्थभावनायां प्रत्ययात् प्रथममुपादानकारणामिव या उपादीयते तां प्रकृतिरिति व्यापदिशन्ति' in the Sringaraprakasa; confer, compare अपशब्दो ह्यस्य प्रकृति: । न चापशब्द: प्रकृतिः , न ह्यपशब्दा उपदिश्यन्ते न चानुपदिष्टा प्रकृतिरस्ति । M.Bh. on Siva Sutra 2; confer, compare also कृत्प्रकृतिर्धातु: M.Bh. on P. VI. 2. 139 Vart. 2; पदप्रकृति: संहिता । पदप्रक्तीनि सर्वचरणानां पार्षदानि Nirukta of Yāska.I.17.
prakṛtipratyāpattirestoration to the original word from the substituted word; exempli gratia, for example the restoration of the root हन् in कंसवधमाचचष्टे कंसं घातयति; confer, compare आख्याताकृदन्ताण्णिज्वक्तव्यस्तदाचष्टे इत्येतस्मिन्नर्थे । कृल्लुक् प्रकृतिप्रत्यापत्तिः प्रकृतिवच्च कारकं भवतीति वक्तव्यम्, M.Bh. on III. 1 26 Vart. 6.
prakrutisvarathe accent id est, that is the acute accent ( उदात्त ) possessed by the original word as contrasted with the accent of the afix ( प्रत्ययस्वर ) which (latter) is looked upon as more powerful; confer, compare (बहुव्रीहौ) पूर्वपदं प्रकृतिस्वरं भवति M.Bh, on II.I.24, II. 2.29 Vart. 17, See Panini Sutras VI.2.1 to 63.
prakriyākaumudīvṛtticalled also प्रक्रियाकौमुदीव्याख्या or even कृष्णपण्डिता ( वृत्ति ) written by a learned grammarian named Krsnapandita belonging to the famous Sesa family of grammarians.
pragāthaa couple of Vedic hymns divided into three hymns for purposes of singing as Saman; confer, compare यत्र द्वे ऋचौ प्रग्रथनेन तिस्रः क्रियन्ते स प्रगाथनात् प्रकर्षगानाद्वा प्रगाथ इत्युच्यते Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P.IV 2.55.
pragītaa fault of utterance or recital where a simple word in conversation or recital is uttered in a tone proper for singing or in a manner suitable for singing; cf प्रगीत: सामवदुच्चारितः Kaiy. on M.Bh.Ahni.1.
praṇayatacomposition ( of the original Sutra work); confer, compare द्वयमपि चैतत् प्रमाणम् । उभयथा सूत्रप्रणयनात् Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana.on P. IV.2. 117: confer, compare also Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P.V.1.94 and V.4.21 .
pratiprasavaliterally bringing into life again; the term is used in the sense of a counter-exception; confer, compare याजकादिभिश्चेति पुनः कारकषष्ठीसमासप्रतिप्रसवाद् ब्राह्मणयाजकादिषु उत्तरपदप्रकृतिस्वर एव । Bhasavrtti on II.2.16.
pratisaṃskaraṇaediting with improvement, with an attempt to restore the correct version or the original text in the place of the corrupt one sometimes suitable additions and improvements are also made; e. g. चरकप्रतिसंस्करण attributed to Patanjali.
pratyayagrahaṇaparibhāṣāthe guiding rule that when an affix ( प्रत्यय ) is given in a rule as a निमित्त (causing something), the affix denotes a word-form which begins with that to which that affix has been added and ends with the affix itself; confer, compare प्रत्ययग्रहणे यस्मात् स विहितस्तदादेस्तदन्तस्य च ग्रह्यणम् Par. Sek. Pari. 23. The rule यञियोश्च, which prescribes the affix फक् (आयन), has the word यञ् and इञ् which respectively mean यञन्त and इञन्त; in the word परमगार्ग्यायण from परमगार्ग्य the word गार्ग्य is looked upon as यञन्त to which फक् (अायन) is affixed and hence the word परमगार्ग्यायण is arrived at and not पारमगार्ग्य.
pratyayapādaa conventional name given to the first pada of the third adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi which begins with the rule प्रत्ययः III. 1.1.
pratyayānta( प्रकृति )a base ending in an affix, a secondary base as opposed to the original base, which is described to be of six kinds. सुप्प्रत्ययान्ता (प्रकृतिः) as in अहंयुः, सायंतनम् et cetera, and others; तिङ्प्रत्ययान्ता as in पचतितराम् , आस्तिकः, पचतभृज्जता et cetera, and others; कृत्प्रत्ययान्ता as in कृत्रिमम् सांराविणम् et cetera, and others; तद्धितप्रत्ययान्ता as in गार्ग्यायणः, तत्रत्यः et cetera, and others; धातुसंज्ञाप्रत्ययान्ता as in चिकीर्षा, कण्डूया et cetera, and others; स्त्रीप्रत्ययान्ता as in गङ्गेयः, गौरेयः, काद्रवेयः et cetera, and others
pratyārambhaḥ(1)statement after prohibition literally commencing again; inducing a person to do something after he has refused to do it by repeating the order or request for generally by beginning the appeal with the word नह; exempli gratia, for example नह भोक्ष्यसे ? नह अध्येप्यसे; confer, compare नह प्रत्यारम्भे P. VIII. 1.31 and Kasika and Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā, a commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti by Jinendrabuddhi, called Nyāsa. thereon. (2) commencement or laying down again in spite of previous mention; confer, compare शेषवचनात्तु योसौ प्रत्यारम्भात्कृतो बहुव्रीहिः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VI-3.46.
pratyāhāraliterally bringing together; bringing together of several letters ( or words in a few cases, such as roots or nouns ) by mentioning the first and the last only for the sake of brevity; the term प्रत्याहार is generally used in connection with brief terms such as अण्, अक् , अच् , हल् and the like, created by Panini in his grammar by taking any particular letter and associating it with any mute final letter ( अनुबन्ध ) of the fourteen Sivasutras, with a view to include all letters beginning with the letter uttered and ending with the letter which precedes the ( mute ) letter. The practice of using such abbreviations was in existence before Panini, possibly in the grammar attributed to Indra. The term प्रत्याहार is not actually used by Panini; it is found in the Rk. Tantra; confer, compare प्रत्याहारार्थो वर्णोनुबन्धो व्यञ्जनम् R.T.I.3. The term appears to have come into use after Panini. Panini has not given any definition of the term प्रत्याहार. He has simply given the method of forming the Pratyaharas and he has profusely used them; confer, compare आदिरन्त्येन सहेता P. I. 1.71. The word कृञ् in P. III.1.40 and तृन् in P. II. 3.69 are used as Pratyaharas. For a list of the Pratyharas which are used by Panini see Kasika on the Maheswara Sutras.
pratyujjīvanabringing to life again; the term is used in the sense of प्रतिप्रसव or counter exception.
pradeśaśāstraa rule, laying down a positive original injunction as opposed to the अपवादशास्त्र;confer, compare यैः अर्थाः प्रदिश्यन्ते तानि प्रदेशशास्त्राणि commentary on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XI.35.
prayojyathat which is employed or incited or urged; the word which is the subject in the primitive construction and becomes an object in the causal construction, and as a result, which is put in the accusative case being प्रयोज्यकर्म. As, however, the प्रयोज्यकर्म originally occupies the place of the subject in the primitive construction, the term प्रयोज्यकर्ता ( प्रयोज्यश्चासौ कर्ता च ) is often used in connection with it, as contrasted with the term प्रयोजककर्ता which is used with respect to the subject in the causal construction; confer, compare इह च भेदिका देवदत्तस्य यज्ञदत्तस्य काष्ठानामिति प्रयोज्ये कर्तरि षष्ठी न प्राप्नोति । M.Bh. on P. III. 1.26 Vart. l ; confer, compare also Kaiy. on P. I. 2.65.
pravādaa grammatical explanation; detailed explanation by citing the gender, number, krt affix, taddhita affix.affix and the like: confer, compare लिङ्गसंख्यातद्धितकृतरूपभेदाः प्रवादाः । पाण्यादिशब्दानां प्रवादेषु प्रथमो (original) नकारो णत्वमाप्नोति स च प्राकृतः । Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XIII. 9. The word is explained as a change in the form of a word, as for instance, by the substitution of स् for विसर्ग where विसर्ग is, in fact, expected; confer, compare कबन्धं पृथु इत्येतेषां पदानां प्रवादा रूपभेदा उदये परत्रावस्थिताः दिव इत्येतस्य उपचारं जनयन्ति । यथा दिवस्कबन्धम् , दिवस्पृथुः Uvvata on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IV. 22; confer, compare also प्रवादाः षडितः परे, Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IX. 18. In the Nirukta, the word is used in the sense of 'distinct mention'; confer, compare एवमन्यासामपि देवतानामादित्यप्रवादाः स्तुतयो भवन्ति ( deities are mentioned under the name of Aditya) Nir II.13; cf also वैश्वानरीयाः प्रवादाः Nir, VII. 23.
prākṛta(1)original, primary,belonging to the Prakrti as contrasted with a वैकृत modification or a modified thing; cf प्रकृतिः स्वभावः, तत्संबन्धी प्राकृतः. commentary on Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XIV. 28: confer, compare एतद्विकारा एवान्ये, सर्वे तु प्राकृताः समाः Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XVII. 23; confer, compare also तहीन् ... पशूंस्तकारपरः ( नकारः ) सकारं प्राकृतो नित्ये Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.VI. 14; (2) natural, which can be so ordinarily, without any specific effort; confer, compare तस्मात् प्राकृतमेवैतत् कर्म यथा कटं करोति, Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. II. 3.5, confer, compare also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. III 1.5 Vart. 8, 9.
prāgghitīyaname given to taddhita affix. affixes prescribed by rules beginning with प्राग्हिताद्यत् P. IV. 4.75 and ending with सोदराद्यः P. IV. 4.109.
prāgdīvyatīyaname given to taddhita affix. affixes prescribed by rules beginning with तस्य विकारः P. IV. 3.134 and ending with the rule कंसीयपरशव्ययोर्यञञौ लुक् च P. IV. 3.168.
prātiśākhyaa work on Vedic grammar of a specific nature, which is concerned mainly with the changes, euphonic and others, in the Pada text of the Samhita as compared with the running text, the Samhita itselfeminine. The Pratisakhya works are neither concerned with the sense of words, nor with their division into bases and affixes, nor with their etymology. They contain, more or less,Vedic passages arranged from the point of view of Samdhi. In the Rk Pratisakhya, available to-day, topics of metre, recital, phonetics and the like are introduced, but it appears that originally the Rk Pratisakhya, just like the Atharva Pratisakhya, was concerned with euphonic changes, the other subjects being introduced later on. The word प्रातिशाख्य shows that there were such treatises for everyone of the several Sakhas or branches of each Veda many of which later on disappeared as the number of the followers of those branches dwindledition Out of the remaining ones also, many were combined with others of the same Veda. At present, only five or six Pratisakhyas are available which are the surviving representatives of the ancient ones - the Rk Pratisakhya by Saunaka, the Taittiriya Pratisakhya, the Vajasaneyi PratiSakhya by Katyayana, the Atharva Pratisakhya and the Rk Tantra by Sakatayana, which is practically a Pratisakhya of the Sama Veda. The word पार्षद or पारिषद was also used for the Pratisakhyas as they were the outcome of the discussions of learned scholars in Vedic assemblies; cf परिषदि भवं पार्षदम्. Although the Pratisakhya works in nature, are preliminary to works on grammar, it appears that the existing Pratisakhyas, which are the revised and enlarged editions of the old ones, are written after Panini's grammar, each one of the present Prtisakhyas representing, of course, several ancient Pratisakhyas, which were written before Panini. Uvvata, a learned scholar of the twelfth century has written a brief commentary on the Rk Pratisakhya and another one on the Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya. The Taittiriya PratiSakhya has got two commentaries -one by Somayarya, called Tribhasyaratna and the other called Vaidikabharana written by Gopalayajvan. There is a commentary by Ananta bhatta on the Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya. These commentaries are called Bhasyas also.
prātiśrutkaplaces of echo or reverberation viz.chest and others, of sound which gets its origin at the navel but becomes reverberated at chest, throat, top of the month, mouth and nose; confer, compare तस्य ( उत्पत्त्याश्रयस्य शब्दस्य ) प्रातिश्रुत्कानि भवन्ति उरः कण्ठः शिरो मुखं नासिके इति, Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.II. 3.
prātihataname given to the circumflex vowel, standing at the beginning of a word and following the final vowel of the previous word which is acute ( उदात्त ); confer, compare अपि चेन्नानापदस्थमुदात्तमथ चेत्सांहितेन स्वर्यते स प्रतिहतः Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.xx. 3.
prādia group of words beginning with प्र, which are all prefixes or upasargas e. g, प्र, परा, अप et cetera, and others cf कुगतिप्रादयः P. II. 2. 18.
prādeśikabelonging to the root; the word प्रदेश has here the peculiar sense of a root which has the meaning of the noun (under discussion). confer, compare तद्यत्र स्वरसंस्कारौ समर्थौ प्रादेशिकेन गुणेन अन्वितौ स्यातां संविज्ञातानि तानि Nir I. 12.
prāyoktrabelonging to one who speaks or says; confer, compare अस्त्येव प्रायोक्त्री विवक्षा अस्ति लौकिकी । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. V. 1.16.
prāvacanaaccentuation, as noticed in the original Samhitapatha; confer, compare प्रावचनो वा यजुषि | प्रवचनशब्देन आर्षपाठ उच्यते । तत्र भवः स्वरः प्रावचनः स च यजुबि भवति । तान्ते वा यज्ञकर्मणि । Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.I. 132.
phak(1)taddhita affix.affix फ marked with mute क् for effecting the वृद्धि substitute for the initial vowel of the word to which it is appliedition The initial letter फ् of all the affixes beginning with फ् in Panini's grammar is always changed into आयन्. The taddhita affix. affix फक् is affixed (1) in the sense of गोत्रापत्य grandchild and his issues, to the words नड and others as also to the words ending with the affixes यञ् and इञ् and words शरद्वत्, दर्भ, द्रोण et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example नाडायनः, शालङ्कायनः, दाक्षायणः प्लाक्षायणः, द्रोणायनः, वैदः, अौर्वः et cetera, and others; cf P.IV. 1.99-103; (2) as a caturarthika affix in the four senses mentioned in P. IV. 2.67-70 to the words पक्ष and others e. g. पाक्षायणः, तौषायणः; confer, compare P.IV. 2.80.
phintaddhita affix. affix आयनि in the sense of offspring added according to the Eastern grammarians to words not beginning with आ, ऐ or औ, exempli gratia, for example ग्लुचुकायनिः,confer, compare IV.1.160.
baor बकार the letter ब्, the vowel अ as also the word कार being added for facility of utterance; confer, compare Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.I.17.21, The letter ब् is sometimes used for व् especially when it stands at the beginning of a word, for which scholars use the expression वबयेारभेद:
bopadevaa great Sanskrit scholar and grammarian belonging to Devagiri in the greater Maharastra who was supported by Hemadri of Devagiri. He resided at सार्थग्राम on the river Varada in the first half of the thirteenth century. He wrote a short treatise on Sanskrit Grammar, which has a number of peculiar abbreviations for the usual well-known grammatical termanuscript. His grammar had a wide spread in Bengal and it is today a very common text on Grammar Bengal. On this account some scholars believe that he lived in Bengal. He was the son of Kesava and pupil of Dhanesa. He is also the author, of the well-known work कविकल्पद्रुम on which he has written a commentary named कामधेनु or काव्यकामधेनु.
bha(1)the letter or sound भ् with the vowel अ added for facility of utterance; (2) a technical term in the Grammar of Panini given to a noun base before such case and taddhita affixes as begin with any vowel or with the consonant य्. The utility of this designation of भ to the base is (l) to prevent the substitutes which are enjoined for the final vowel or consonant of a pada (a word ending with a case-affix or a base before case and taddhita affix. affixes beginning with any consonant excepting य् ) just as the substitution of Visarga, anusvara, the first or third consonant, and others given in P. VIII. 4.37 and the following. For the various changes and operations for a base termed भ see P. VI. 4.129 to 175.
bhāraddhājīyascholars and grammarians belonging to or following the Bharadwaja School of Grammar whose views are often quoted in the Mahabhasya; भारद्वाजीयाः पठन्ति Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I.1.20 Vart. 1, I.1.56 Vart.11 : I.2.22 Vart.3; I.3.67 Vart. 4, III.1.38 Vart. 1, III 1.48 Vart. 3; III 1.89 Vart. 1, IV.1.79, VI.4. 47 and VI.4.155.
bhāvyamānalit, which is to be produced; which is prescribed by a rule, like an affix; hence, an affix or an augment or a substitute prescribed by a rule as contrasted with the conditions or the original wording for which something is substituted, or after which an affix is placed, or to which an addition is made, or which is deleted; confer, compare भाव्यमानेन सवर्णानांग्रहृणं न Par. Sek. Pari, 19; also confer, compare M.Bh. on P.I. 1.50, I.1. 69,VI.1.85, VI.4.160.
bhāṣāvṛttia short gloss on the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. of Pāṇini in the l2th century by Puruṣottamadeva's Paribhāṣāvṛtti.adeva, a reputed scholar belonging to the Eastern school of grammarians which flourished in Bengal and Behar in the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries, The gloss is very useful for beginners and it has given a clear explanation of the different sūtras without going into difficult niceties and discussions. The treatise does not comment upon Vedic portions or rules referring to Vedic Language because, as the legend goes, king Lakṣmaṇa Sena, for whom the gloss was written, was not qualified to understand Vedic Language; confer, compare वैदिकभाषानर्हत्वात् Com. on Bhāṣāvṛtti by Sṛṣṭidhara. There is a popular evaluation of the Bhāṣāvṛtti given by the author himself in the stanza "काशिकाभागवृत्त्योश्चेत्सिद्धान्तं बोद्धुमस्ति धीः ! तदा विचिन्त्यतां भ्रातर्भाषावृत्तिरियं मम " at the end of his treatise; for details see पुरुषोत्तमदेव.
bhāṣikabelonging to, or used in spoken language as contrasted with the Vedic Language or निगम; confer, compare अथापि भाषिकेभ्यो धातुभ्यो नैगमाः कृतो भाष्यन्ते Nirukta of Yāska.II.2.
bhāṣyaa learned commentary on an original work, of recognised merit and scholarship, for which people have got a sense of sanctity in their mind; generally every Sūtra work of a branch of technical learning (or Śāstra) in Sanskrit has got a Bhāṣya written on it by a scholar of recognised merit. Out of the various Bhāṣya works of the kind given a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page., the Bhāṣya on the Vyākaraṇa sūtras of Pāṇini is called the Mahābhāṣya, on the nature of which possibly the following definition is based "सूत्रार्थो वर्ण्यते यत्र पदैः सूत्रानुकारिभिः| स्वपदानि च वर्ण्यन्ते भाष्यं भाष्यविदो विदुः ।" In books on Sanskrit Grammar the word भाष्य is used always for the Mahābhāṣya. The word भाष्य is sometimes used in the Mahābhāṣya of Patanjali (confer, compare उक्तो भावभेदो भाष्ये III.3.19, IV.4.67) where the word may refer to a work like लघुभाष्य which Patañjali may have written, or may have got available to him as written by somebody else, before he wrote the Mahābhāṣya.
bhūpādaname popularly given by Śiradeva and other grammarians to the third pāda of the first adhyāya of Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyi as it begins with the Sūtra भूवादयो धातव: P.I.3.1.
bhauvādikabelonging to the class of roots headed by भू; a root of the first conjugation; confer, compare अक्षू व्याप्तौ भौवादिक: Kāś. on P. III. 1.75.
maṅgalārthafor the sake of auspiciousness at the beginning of a treatise or work; confer, compare भूवादीनां वकारोयं मङ्गलार्थः प्रयुज्यते M.Bh. on P.I.3.1.;confer, compareमङ्गलादीनि हि शास्त्राणि | M.Bh. on P.I.1.1.
matuppādaa conventional name given by grammarians to the third pāda of the eighth Adhyāya of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. as the pāda begins with the sūtra मतुवसोरु संबुद्धौ छन्दसि P. VIII. 3.1.
matublopaelision of the affix मतुप् specially prescribed after words of quality, or words meaning quality, such as शुक्ल, कृष्ण which originally mean the white colour, the black colour et cetera, and others e. g. शुक्लः पट: confer, compare गुणवचनेभ्यो मतुपो लुक् P. V. 2.94 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 3.
madhyapatitaliterally fallen in the middle; the word is used generally in the sense of an augment which is inserted in the middle of a word. Sometimes an affix too, like अकच् or a conjugational sign like श्रम्, is placed in the middle of a word. Such a middling augment is technically ignored and a word together with it is taken as the original word for grammatical operations; exempli gratia, for example उच्चकै:, नीचकै: et cetera, and others cf तन्मध्यपतितस्तद्ग्रहणेन गृह्यते Paribhāṣenduśekhara of Nāgeśa. Pari. 89.
madhyama(1)the middle person ( मध्यमपुरुष ), confer, compare युष्मद्युपपदे...मध्यम: P. I. 4.105; confer, compare also Nirukta of Yāska.VII. 7; (2) middling tone or effort confer, compare मध्यमेन स वाक्ययोग: Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XVIII. 4, where the commentator explains the word as उच्चनीचसमाहारविलक्षण: वाक्प्रयोगः | the word मध्यमा is used in this sense as qualifying a mode of utterance. वृत्ति; confer, compare अभ्यासार्थे द्रुतां वृत्तिं प्रयोगार्थे तु मध्यमाम् ! Ṟ. Pr. XIII. 19; cf also चतुष्कला मध्यमायार्म् Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. 32; (3) one of the seven modes of speech or tones. cf सप्त वाचः स्थानानि भवन्ति | उपांशुध्वाननिमदेापव्दिमन्मन्द्रमध्यमताराणि Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XXIII.4 and 5 and also कण्ठे मध्यमम् XVIII.11 where the commentatator explains मध्यम as यत्र कण्ठे स्थाने प्रयोग उपलभ्यते तन्मध्यमं नाम षष्ठं वाचस्स्थानम् | (4) one of the seven musical notes originating or proceeding from the Svarita accent confer, compare, स्वारतप्रभवा ह्येते षड्जमध्यमपञ्चमाः Pāṇ Śikṣā.
mandraone of the three places of the origination of articulate speech which is described as situated in the throat; confer, compare त्रीणि मन्द्रं मध्यममुत्तमं च | तेषु मन्द्रमुरसि वर्तते Uvvaṭa's Bhāṣya on the Prātiśākhya works.on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XIII. 17; confer, compare also मन्द्रमध्यमताराणि स्थानानि भवन्ति | T.Pr.XXII.11.
mayataddhita affix. affix मयट् (1) in the sense of proceeding therefrom (तत आगत: P. IV.3.92) added to words showing cause or meaning human being; exempli gratia, for example सममयम्, देवदत्तमयम्: (2) in the sense of product (विकार) or part (अवयव) added optionally with अण् to any word, exempli gratia, for example अश्ममयम् , आश्मनम् मूर्वामयम् मौर्वम्, and necessarily to words beginning with आ, ऐ and औ, words of the class headed by the word शर and the words गो, पिष्ट, व्रीहि, तिल and some others: confer, compare P. IV. 3. 143-150; (3) in the sense of proportion, added to a numeral; e. g. द्विमयमुदश्विद्यवानाम्; confer, compare P. V. 2.47; (4) in the sense of "made up of' added to the thing of which there is a large quantity; exempli gratia, for example अन्नमयम्, अपूपमयम् cf; तत्प्रकृतवचने मयट् P.V.4.21,22.
mahābhāṣyaliterally the great commentary. The word is uniformly used by commentators and classical Sanskrit writers for the reputed commentary on Pāṇini's Sūtras and the Vārttikas thereon by Patañjali in the 2nd century B. C. The commentary is very scholarly yet very simple in style, and exhaustive although omitting a number of Pāṇini's rules. It is the first and oldest existing commentary on the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. of Pāṇini, and, in spite of some other commentaries and glosses and other compendia, written later on to explain the Sutras of Panini, it has remained supremely authoritative and furnishes the last and final word in all places of doubt: confer, compare the remarks इति भाष्ये स्थितम्, इत्युक्तं भाष्ये, इत्युक्तमाकरे et cetera, and others scattered here and there in several Vyaakarana treatises forming in fact, the patent words used by commentators when they finish any chain of arguments. Besides commenting on the Sutras of Paanini, Patanjali, the author, has raised many other grammatical issues and after discussing them fully and thoroughly, given his conclusions which have become the final dicta in those matters. The work, in short, has become an encyclopedic one and hence aptly called खनि or अकर. The work is spread over such a wide field of grammatical studies that not a single grammatical issue appears to have been left out. The author appears to have made a close study of the method and explanations of the SUtras of Paanini given at various academies all over the country and incorporated the gist of those studies given in the form of Varttikas at the various places, in his great work He has thoroughly scrutinized and commented upon the Vaarttikas many of which he has approved, some of which he has rejected, and a few of which he has supplementedition Besides the Vaarttikas which are referred to a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page., he has quoted stanzas which verily sum up the arguments in explanation of the difficult sUtras, composed by his predecessors. There is a good reason to believe that there were small glosses or commentaries on the SUtras of Paanini, written by learned teachers at the various academies, and the Vaarttikas formed in a way, a short pithy summary of those glosses or Vrttis. . The explanation of the word वृत्तौ साधु वार्तिकम् given by Kaiyata may be quoted in support of this point. Kaiyata has at one place even stated that the argument of the Bhaasyakaara is in consonance with that of Kuni, his predecessor. The work is divided into eighty five sections which are given the name of lesson or आह्लिक by the author, probably because they form the subject matter of one day's study each, if the student has already made a thorough study of the subject and is very sharp in intelligence. confer, compare अह्ला निर्वृत्तम् आह्लिकम्, (the explanation given by the commentatiors).Many commentary works were written on this magnum opus of Patanjali during the long period of twenty centuries upto this time under the names टीका, टिप्पणी, दीपिका, प्रकाशिका, व्याख्या, रत्नावली, स्पूर्ति, वृत्ति, प्रदीप, व्याख्यानं and the like, but only one of them the 'Pradipa' of कैयटीपाध्याय, is found complete. The learned commentary by Bhartrhari, written a few centuries before the Pradipa, is available only in a fragment and that too, in a manuscript form copied down from the original one from time to time by the scribes very carelessly. Two other commentaries which are comparatively modern, written by Naarayanasesa and Nilakantha are available but they are also incomplete and in a manuscript form. Possibly Kaiyatabhatta's Pradipa threw into the background the commentaries of his predecessors and no grammarian after Kaiyata dared write a commentary superior to Kaiyata's Pradipa or, if he began, he had to abandon his work in the middle. The commentary of Kaiyata is such a scholarly one and so written to the point that later commentators have almost identified the original Bhasya with the commentary Pradipa and many a time expressed the two words Bhasya and Kaiyata in the same breath as भाष्यकैयटयोः ( एतदुक्तम् or स्पष्टमेतत् ).
mahābhāṣyapradīpaa very scholarly commentary on Patanjali's MahabhaSya written by Kaiyatabhatta in the eleventh century, The commentary has so nicely explained every difficult and obscure point in the Mahabhasya, and has so thoroughly explained each sentence that the remark of later grammarians that the torch of the Mahabhasya has been kept burning by the Pradipa appears quite apt and justifiedition Kaiyata's commentary has thrown much additional light on the original arguments and statements in the Mahabhasya. There is a learned commentary on the Pradipa written by Nagesabhatta which is named vivarana by the author but which is well known by the name 'Uddyota' among students and teachers of Vyakarana. For details see pp. 389, 390 Vol VII, Patanjala Mahabhasya, D. E. Society's Edition.
mahābhāṣyapradīpavivaraṇa(1)original name of the learned commentary on the 'Pradipa' of Kaiyata written by Nagesabhatta, a stalwart and epoch-making grammarian of the 18th century. The commentary is known popularly by the name 'Uddyota' or Pradipoddyota; (2) name of the commentary on Kaiyata's Pradipa by Nityaananda Parvatiya. The commentary is also known by the name दीपप्रभा.
mācākīyaan ancient writer of a Pratisakhya work, who is quoted in the Taittiriya Pratisakhya as one, holding the view that य and व् preceded by अ and followed by उ and ओ respectively, are dropped provided they stand at the beginning of a Pada ( word ). माचाकीय, who belonged to the Yajurveda school, is said to have held this view which is generally held by the followers of the Rgveda: confer, compare उकारौकारपरौ लुप्यते माचाकी यस्य(Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.X.29) on which the commentator adds वह्वृचानामयं पक्षः.
mutvathe substitution of मु for the syllable beginning with द् in certain cases; confer, compare अदसोसेर्दादु दो मः P. VIII.2.80.
munitrayathe popular and honorific term for the three prominent grammarians of the Paninian system of grammar wiz. पाणिनि, कात्यायन and पतञ्जलि who were the pioneers of that system; confer, compare मुनित्रयं नमस्कृत्य Siddhanta-Kaumud beginning.
mūla(1)the root of the teeth given as the place of origin for the letter र् in the Rk Tantra : confer, compare रेफस्तु दन्त्यो दन्तमूले वा. Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. 8; (2) the main instrutment of the utterance of letters known as मूलकरण or अनुप्रदान.
mūlaprakṛtithe original base of the word used in language; the root and the praatipadika; the word परमप्रकृति , is also used in the same sense.
makḍonel[MACDONELL,ARTHUR ANTHONY ]a deep scholar of Vedic Gram. and Literature who has written an exhaustive Vedic Grammar; in treatment, at places he differs from Panini and follows a different method, but the manner of thinking and argument is on original lines.
maitrāyaṇīya prātiśākhyaa Pratiskhya or :Parsada work giving the peculiarities of Sandhi, accent and the like, in changing the Maitrayaniya Samhitaapatha into the Padapatha.
metreyarakṣitaa recognised scholar of Paninis' grammar who belonged to the Eastern part of India and fourished in the beginning of the twelfth century. As it appears from the name Maitreya Raksita he appears to have been a Buddhist grammarian. Subsequent writers in their works refer to him by the name Raksita alone, as also by the name Maitreya, but very rarely by the name Maitreya Raksita.He wrote many works on grammar of which the 'tantrapradipa'a learned commentary on Jinendrabuddhi's Nyasa on Kasika was a reputed one, which, although available in a fragmentary manuscript form today, has been profusely quoted by prominent grammarians after him.
y(1)the consonant य् with अ added to it merely for the sake of facility in pronunciation; यकार is also used in the same sense: e. g. लिटि वयो यः: P.VI.1.38 confer, compare T.Pr.I: 17,21;(2) krt affix (यत्) prescribed as कृत्य or potential passive participle; exempli gratia, for exampleचेयम्, गेयम्, शाप्यम् , शक्यम् , गद्यम् , अजर्यम् पण्यम् et cetera, and others: confer, compare अचो यत्...अजर्यं संगतम् P.III. 1.97-105; (3) krt. affix क्यप् which is also an affix called krtya; e. gब्रह्मोद्यम् , भाव्यम्, घात्यम् , स्तुत्यम् , कल्प्यम् , खेयम् , भृत्यः:, भिद्यः, पुष्य:, कृत्यम्,also कार्यम् ; confer, compare P. III. 1.106-128:(4) krt affix ण्यत् ( which is also कृत्य ), e. g कार्यम् , हार्यम् , वाक्यम् , लाव्यम्, कुण्डपाय्यम्. et cetera, and others: cf P. III. 1.124-132: (5) taddhita affix. affix य affixed (a) in the sense of collection to पाश, वात et cetera, and others, as also to खल, गो and रथ, e. g. पाद्या, रथ्या et cetera, and others confer, compare P. IV. 2. 49, 50ः (b) in the चातुरर्थिक senses to बल, कुल, तुल et cetera, and others e. g. वल्यः,.कुल्यम् efeminine. P V.2. 80, (c) as a Saisika taddhita affix. affix to ग्राम्यहः' along with the affix खञ्ज e. g. ग्राम्यः, ग्रामीणः: cf P: IV. 2.94 (d) in the sense of 'good therein' ( तत्र साधुः ) and other stated senses affixed to सभा, सोदर पूर्व, and सोम: e. g. सभ्य:, पूर्व्यः; .et cetera, and others. confer, compare P. IV. 4.105, 109, 133, 137, 138: (e) in the sense of 'deserving it' to दण्ड and other words, e. g. दण्ड्य, अर्ध्र्य, मध्य, मेध्य, et cetera, and others: cf P. V. 1.66: ( f ) in the sense of quality or action to सखि e. g. सख्यम् ; cf P. V. 1.126: (6) taddhita affix. affix यत् applied to (a) राजन् श्वशुर, कुल, मनु in the sense of offspring, (b) शूल्, उखा, वायु, ऋतु and others, under certain conditions; confer, compare P. IV. 2.17, 31, 32, 101, (c) to अर्ध, परार्ध, words in the class headed by दि्श, छन्दस and others in specific senses; cf P. IV. 3-46, 54 et cetera, and others and (d) in specific senses to specific words mentioned here and there in a number of sUtras from IV.4, 75 to V.4.25; (e) to शाखा, मुख, जघन and others in the sense of इव (similar to) exempli gratia, for example शाख्यः, मुख्य:, et cetera, and others: confer, compare P. V. 3. 103; (7) case-ending य substituted for ङे of the dative sing; e. g. रामाय confer, compare P. VII. 3.102: (8) verb-affix यक् applied to the nouns कण्डू and others to make them ( denominative ) roots; e. g. कण्डूय,सन्तूय et cetera, and others confer, compare कण्ड्वादिभ्यो यक् P. III. 1.27 (9) | Vikarana य ( यक् ) applied to any root before the Saarvadhaatuka personal endings to form the base for the passive voice as also the base for the 'Karmakartari' voice e g क्रियते, भूयते, confer, compare सार्वधातुके यक् P. III. 1.67 (10) Unaadi affix य ( यक् ) applied to the root हृन् to form the Vedic word अघ्न्य: cf अघ्न्यादयश्च: ( 11 ) augment य ( यक् ) added to the affix क्त्वा in Vedic Literature: e. g. दत्त्वायः confer, compare क्त्वो यक् P. VII.1.47; (12) verb affix यङ् added to a root to form its Intensive base ( which sometimes is dropped ) and the root is doubledition e. g. चेक्रीयते,चर्करीति;. confer, compare P. III. 1.22,24; (13) short term ( प्रत्याहृार ) supposed to be beginning with य in the affix यइ in the sUtra धातेरेकाचो ... यङ् III. 1.22, and ending with ङ् in the sUtra लिड्याशिष्यङ्क III. 1.86, with a view to include the various verb affixes and conjugational signs.
yaḍantaa secondary root formed by adding the affix यङ् in the sense of repetition and intensity, to roots having one syllable and beginning with a consonant: confer, compare धातोरेकाचो हृलादे: क्रियासमभिहारे यङ् P. III. 1.22, 23,24. See य (12) a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page..
yathānyāsaṃas it is actually put in the rule or a treatise by the author. The phrase is often used in the Mahaabhaasya when after a long discussion, involving further and further difficulties, the author reverts to the original stand and defends the writing of the sUtra as it stands. सिध्यत्येवमपाणिनीयं तु भवति or सूत्रं भिद्यते । तर्हि यथान्यासमेवास्तु is the usual expression found in the Mahaabhaasya; cf, M.Bh. I.1. Aahnika 1, I.1.1, 9, 20, 62, 65 et cetera, and others
yathāvatas it is in the original Samahitpaatha without any change of accent, et cetera, and others when cited in the यद्वत lifeminine. a word formed from यत्: a Padapaatha: the word अव्ययवत् (not allowing any change or reduction) is given by Uvvata in explanation of यथावत्: confer, compare दृश्यते पदं यथावत् Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XI.31.
yama short term (प्रतयाहार) for the consonants which begin with य् (in हयवरट्) and end (in ञमङ्णनम्)before the mute म् i.e all semivowels, and fifth constants of the of the five classes; c.feminine.हलो यमां यमि लोप:Paan VIII.4.64
yam(1)one of pair a twin letter available in pronunciation before a nasal letter and similar to it, when the nasal consonant is preceded by any one of the four consonants of the five classes; a transitional sound intervening between a non-nasal and the following nasal as a counterpart of the n6n-nasal: confer, compare वर्गेष्वाद्यानां चेतुर्णो पञ्चमे पर मध्ये यमो नाम पूर्वसदृशो वर्णः प्रातिशाख्ये प्रसिद्धः S.K. on P.व्व्III. l.1; (2) name given to the seven musical notes, found in the singing of Saaman; confer, compare मन्द्रमध्यमत्राख्येषु त्रिषु वाचः स्थानेषु प्रत्येकं सत स्थरभेदा भवन्ति कुष्टप्रथमद्वितीयतृतीयचतुर्थमन्द्रातित्वार्यः यमाः ' Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XXIII. 13,14.
yayshort term (प्रत्याहार) for sonants beginning with य् ( in हयवरट्) and ending before the ; mute letter य् ( in कपय् ) id est, that is all consonants except! श्, ष्, स्, and ह्; confer, compare अनुस्वारस्य ययि परसवर्णः P.VIII 4. 58 by which an anusvara is changed into a cognate letter of the following which is a letter included in यय्.
yavamadhyaliterally having the centre bulging out like the Yava grain; name given to a variety of the Gayatri which has 7 letters in the first and third (last) feet and 10 letters in the second id est, that is the middle foot; the name is also given to a Mahabrhati having the first and the last feet consisting of 8 letters and the middle one consisting of 12 syllables: cf R.Pr.XVI.18 and 48.
yukta(1)proper, appropriate, justified; the word is very frequently used in the Mahabhasya and other grammar works; (2) the sense of the original base which is connected with the sense of the affix; confer, compare अथवा युक्तः प्रकृत्यर्थः प्रत्ययार्थेन संबद्धः, Ks. on P. I. 2.51 ; (3) connected with; confer, compare उकारश्चेतिकरणेन युक्त: Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) I. 29; तथायुक्तं चानीप्सितम् P. I. 4.50.
yuktavatthe sense of the original base,the affix after which is dropped by means of the term लुप् as contrasted with the terms लोप and लुक् which are used in the same sense: confer, compare लुप्तवदिति निष्ठाप्रत्ययेन क्तवतुना प्रकृत्यर्थ उच्यते । स हि प्रत्ययार्थमात्मना युनक्ति ' KS. on P. I. 3.51.
yuktavadbhāvaliterally behaviour like the original base. The term is used in the sense of possession of, or getting, the same gender and number as was possessed by the base to which the taddhita affix. affix was added and subsequently dropped by a rule of Panini in which the word लुप् is put in the sense of dropping: e. g. कुरयः देश: or अङ्गाः देश: in the sense of कुरूणां or अङ्गानां निवासो जनपदः confer, compare जनपदे लुप् P. IV.3.81 and लुपि युक्तवद् व्यक्तिवचने P.I.2.51;confer, compare also M.Bh. on P. I. 2.51 and 52.
yuktārththe sense possessed by the original word to which the affix, subsequently dropped by means of the word लुप, was addedition
yuckrt affix यु changed into अन, (1) applied in the sense of 'a habituated agent' to intransitive roots in the sense of movement or utterance, to Atmanepadi roots beginning with a consonant, to the roots जु, चेकम् सृ, शुच्, कुघ्, as also to roots in the sense of decoration: exempli gratia, for example चलन:, शब्दन:: cf P.III. 2. 148-15I: (2) applied to causal roots, as also to the roots आस् श्रन्थ् and others in the sense of verbal activity when the word so formed has always the feminine gender; exempli gratia, for example कारणा, हृरणा, आसना, घट्टना,वेदना et cetera, and others; confer, compare P.III.3.107 and the Varttikas thereon; (3) applied to roots ending in अा and preceded by the indeclinables ईषद्, दुस् or सु in the sense of easy or difficult for obtainment and, wherever seen to any root in the Vedic language, as also to some other roots as found in actual use in the classical literature; e. g. ईषद्दानो गौर्मवता, दु्ष्पानः, सुपान: et cetera, and others सूपसदन:, दुर्योधनः, दुर्मर्षण: et cetera, and others, confer, compare P.III.8.128-130.
yuvapādaa conventional term used for the first pada of the seventh adhyaya which begins with the sutra युवोरनाकौ P.VII.i.1.
yuṣmatpādconventional name given to the third pada of the fourth adhyaya of Paini's Astadhyayi which begins with the sutra युष्मदस्मदोरन्यतरस्यां खञ् च P. IV. 3.1.
yoniplace of origin: confer, compare तप: श्रुतं च योनिश्च एतद् ब्राह्मणकारणम्, Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. V.1.115: confer, compare also M.Bh. on P.IV.1. 48 Vart. 9; confer, compare also ओष्ठयोनिरोष्ठय:.
r(1)second letter of the यण् class ( semi-vowels ) which has got the properties नादभागित्व, घोषवत्त्व,' संवृतत्व and अल्पप्राणता i. e. it is a sonant, inaspirate consonant. Regarding its स्थान or place of production, there is a difference of opinion : generally the consonant र् is looked upon as a cerebral or lingual letter (मूर्धन्य); cf ऋटुरषाणां मूर्धा, S.K.also Pāṇini. Siksa; but it is called by some as दन्त्य or दन्तमूलीय: cf रेफस्तु दस्त्ये दन्तमूले वा RT. 8, by others as दन्तमूलीय and and by still others as वर्स्त्य gingival. In the Vajasaneyi-Pratisakhya it is described as दन्तमूलीय: cf रो दन्तमूल I. 68, while in the Taittiriya Pratisakhya it is said to be produced by the touch of the middle part of the tip of the tongue just a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. the root of the teeth;confer, compare रेफे जिह्वाग्रमध्येन प्रत्यग्दन्तमूलेभ्यः Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.II. 41; (2) substitute र् (रेफ ) for the final letter of the word अहन्, as also for the final of अम्रस्, ऊधस्, अवस् and भुवस् optionally with रु, which ( रु) is dropped before vowels, and changed to ओ before अ and soft consonants, while it is changed into visarga before hard consonants and surds.exempli gratia, for example अम्नरेव, अम्र एवः ऊधरेव, ऊधएव: confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. VIII, 2-70: (3) the consonants र् (technically) called र् in Panini's grammar ) which is substituted for the consonant स् and for the consonant न् of the word अहन् when the consonant स् or न् stands at the end of a word. This substitute रु, unlike the substitute र् is liable to be changed into visarga, or the consonant य्, or the vowel उ by P. VIII.3.15, 17, VI.1.113, 114.
raktapādaconventional name given to the second pada of the fourth Adhyaya of Paini's Astadhyayi as the Pada begins with the Sutra तेन रक्तं रागात् P. IV. 2.1.
radhādia class of eight roots headed by the root रध् which allow the addition of the augment इ ( इट् ) optionally to the ardhadhatuka affix beginning with any consonant except य्, placed , after them; exempli gratia, for example रघिता रद्धा, त्रता , तर्त्पा तर्पिता et cetera, and others confer, compare P.VII.2.35 and VII.2.45.
riṅsubstitute रि for a verbal base ending in ऋ before श (the sign of the 6th conjugation) यक् (sign of the passive voice. voice) and a लिङ् affix beginning with य which is not a Sārvadhātuka affix; e. g. अाद्रियते, क्रियते, क्रियात्; confer, compare रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु P.VII.4.28.
rit(1)characterized by the mute consonant र् signifying the acute accent for the penultimate vowel;confer, compare उपोत्तमं रिति P. VI. I. 217; ( 2 ) the same as रिफित or रेफि, a visarga which is changeable into र् when euphonically combined; confer, compare विसर्जनीयो रिफितः V.Pr.I.160; confer, compare also भाव्युपधं च रिद्विसर्जनीयान्तानि रेफेण ; V.Pr. VII.9. The terms रिफित, रेफि and रित् are given in the Padapatha to a पद or word which ends in a Visarga which has originated from र् in the Samhitapatha; e. g. the Visarga in कः, प्रात: et cetera, and others; confer, compare R.Pr.I.30 to 32.
riphita(1)a Visarga in the Padapatha which has originated from र् in the Samhita-patha; (2) a word or pada which has got a रिफित at its end; confer, compare क:, स्व: प्रातः et cetera, and others (which in the Samhitapatha are कर् , स्वर् , प्रातर् et cetera, and others;) confer, compare R.Pr. I.30 to 36 V.Pr.IV. 18.192.
rūpātideśathe actual replacement of the original in the place of the substitute by virtue of the rule स्थानिवदादेशोनल्विधौ P. I. 1. 56; one of the two kinds of स्थानिवद्भाव wherein the word-form of the original ( स्थानी ) is put in the place of the substitute (आदेश); the other kind of स्थानिवद्भाव being called कार्यातिदेश by means of which grammatical operations caused by the original ( स्थानी ) take place although the substitute (आदेश) has been actually put in the place of the original. About the interpretation of the rule द्विर्वचनेचि P. I.1.59, the grammarians accept the view of रूपातिदेश; confer, compare रूपातिदेशश्चायं नियतकालस्तेन कृते द्विर्वचने पुन: आदेशरूपमेवावतिष्ठते | पपतुः पपुः | अातो लोप इटि च इत्याकारलोपे कृते तस्य स्थानिवद्भावात् एकाचो द्बे० इति द्विर्वचनं भवति Kāś on P.I.1.59; confer, compare also रूपातिदेशश्चायम् | द्विर्वचनेचि इत्यत्रास्य भाष्ये पाठात् | Pari. Bhaskara Pari. 97. For details see Mahābhāșya on P.VII.1.95 96.
rūpya(1)a taddhita affix. affix applied to a word meaning 'a cause' or expressing 'a human being' in the sense of 'proceeding therefrom' exempli gratia, for example समादागतं समरूप्यम्; देवदत्तरूप्यम् ; confer, compare हेतुमनुष्येभ्येन्यतरस्यां रूप्यः P. IV. 3.81 ; (2) a taddhita affix. affix applied to a word in the genitive case in the sense of भूतपूर्व, 'formerly belonging to' ; e. g. देवदत्तस्य भूतपूर्वो गौः देवदत्तरूप्य:; confer, compare Kāś. on षष्ठया रूप्य च P. V. 3.54.
raivatikādia class of words headed by रैवतिक to which the taddhita affix ईय ( छ ) is added in the sense of 'belonging to'; e. g. रैवतिकीय:, औदवाहीयः, बैजवापीय: et cetera, and others confer, compare Kaś. on P. IV. 3.131.
raudhādikaa root belonging to the class of roots headed by रुध् which take the conjugational sign न् (श्नम्). See रुधादि a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page..
l(1)a consonant of the dental class which is a semi-vowel ( यण् ) with liquid contact in the mouth, and which is inaspirate ( अल्पप्राण ),voiced ( घोष ) and both nasalised and unnasalised; (2) name in general ( लकार ) given to the personal endings applied to roots in the ten tenses and moods which take different substitutes ति, त:, अन्ति et cetera, and others and have various modifications and augments in the different tenses and moods; (3) substituted as a semi-vowel ( यण् ) for the vowel ऌ followed by any other vowel in the euphonic combinations; (4)applied at the beginning of nontaddhita affixes as a mute letter indicating the acute accent for the vowel preceding the affix; confer, compare लिति; P. VI. 1.193; ( 5 ) substituted for त्, थ्, द्, घ् or न् before ल्, confer, compare P.VIII.4. 60; (6) substituted under certain conditions for the consonant र् (a) of the root कृप्, (b) of prefixes प्र and परा before the root अय्, (c) of the root गॄ in frequentative forms and optionally before affixes beginning with a vowel, and (d ) of the word परि before घ and अङ्क; confer, compare P. VIII. 2. 18 to 22. _ ल (1) consonant ल्; see ल् a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.' (2) a general term usually used by ancient grammarians to signifyलोप (elision or disappearance) of a letter or a syllable or a word; confer, compare सर्वसादेर्द्विगोश्च ल: | सवार्तिक:, द्वितन्त्र: Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.IV.2.60; (3) taddhita affix. affix ल added to the word क्लिन्न when चिल् and पिल् are substituted for the word क्लिन्न; e.g, चिल्लः, पिल्ल: confer, compare P. V. 2.33 Vārt 2.
laghukaumudīknown as लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी also, an abridged work based upon the Siddhāntakaumudi of Bhațțojī Dīkşita, written by Bhațțojī's pupil Varadarāja. The work is very valuable and helpful to beginners in grammar. It has got the same topics as the Siddhāntakaumudī, but arranged differently. The work, named सारसिद्धान्तकौमुदी is the same as लघुसिध्दान्तकौमुदी. Possibly सारसिद्धान्तकौमुदी was the original name given by the author.
lāvasthāthe original condition of ल् or the personal endings before the affixes तिप्, तस् and others are substituted for them in accordance with the time or mood, as also the person and the number in view;confer, compare लावस्थायामेव स्यादयः, सार्वधातुके श्यनादयः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.III. 1. 33.
liṭan affix of the perfect tense; confer, compare परोक्षे लिट् P.III.2.115 for which the specific affixes णल्, अतुस् उस् et cetera, and others are substituted after roots which take Parasmaipada affixes. Before the lit affixes, a monosyllabic root is reduplicated while dissyllabic roots and denominative and other secondary roots, formed by adding an affix to an original root,take the affix अाम् after which all 'liț' personal endings are dropped and the forms of the roots कृ,भू and अस् with the necessary personal-endings, are placed immediately after the word ending in अाम् , but often with the intervention of a word or more in the Vedic language and rarely in the classical language; confer, compare तं पातयां प्रथममास पपात पश्चात् ; confer, compare कास्प्रत्ययादाममन्त्रे लिटि P.III.I. 35 to 42.
lībiś[ LIEBICH, BRUNO ]a European grammarian belonging to Breslau who lived in the last quarter of the nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth century. He made a critical study of Sanskrit grammar and edited | the Cāndra Vyākaraņa and the Kșīratarańgiņī.
lupdisappearance ( लुप्यते इति लुप् ); a term used by Pāņini with reference to the disappearance of an affix or its part under specified conditions by the express mention of the word लुप्. Although after the disappearance of an affix no operation for the base before, can take place as conditioned by the affix, i. e. although there is no प्रत्ययलक्षण, still, when the disappearanee is mentioned as लुप्, the base gets the gender and number of that original form of it which existed before the affix, which has disappeared, was applied; confer, compare कुरव: दश:, चञ्चेव पुरुष: चञ्चा; confer, compare लुपि युक्तवद् व्यक्तिवचने. P. I. 2.51 and Kāśikā thereon.
luptathat which has been elided or dropped during the process of the formation of words. As elision or लोप is looked upon as a kind of substitutē, in short a zerosubstitutē, the convention of the substitute being looked upon as the original one, viz.the sthānivadbhāva, applies to it.
luptanirdiṣṭasupposed to be mentioned although not seen or heard in a particular rule, for the sake of bringing about some grammatical operation with a view to arriving at some desired forms; confer, compare ल्रान्तस्येत्यत्र वकारोऽपि निर्दिश्यते | किं वकारो न श्रूयते | लुप्तनिर्दिष्टो वकारः । Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I.1.3. Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 10; confer, compare also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on I.3.7, III. 1.44 et cetera, and others; also confer, compare क्ङिति च P. I. 1.5 where the consonant ग् is supposed to be present in the word क्ङिति .
lopadisappearance of a word or part of a word enjoined in grammar for arriving at the required forms of a word; confer, compare अदर्शनं लोपः P. I.1.52: confer, compare अदर्शनमश्रवणमनुच्चारणमनुपलब्धिरभावो वर्णविनाश इत्यनर्थान्तरम् । एतैः शब्दैर्योर्थोभिधीयते तस्य लोप इतीयं संज्ञा भवति Kāś. on P.I.1. 52. This disappearance in the case of an affix is tantamount to its notional presence or imaginary presence, as operations caused by it do take place although the word element has disappeared; confer, compare प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम् । प्रत्यये लुप्तेपि तद्धेतुकं कार्ये भवति Kāś. on P. I.1.62.
v(1)fourth letter of the class of consonants headed by य्, which are looked upon as semi-vowels; व् is a dental, soft, non-aspirate consonant pronounced as ब् in some provinces and written also sometimes like ब्, especially when it stands at the beginning of a word; (2) substitute for उ which is followed by a vowel excepting उ; e. g, मधु+अरि: = मध्वरि:; confer, compare इको यणचि P. VI. I. 77; (3) the consonant व्, which is sometimes uttered with very little effort when it is at the end of a word and followed by a vowel or a semivowel, or a fifth, fourth or third consonant or the consonant ह्. In such cases it is called लघूच्चारण; confer, compare यस्योच्चारणे जिह्वाग्रोपाग्रमध्यमूलानां शैथिल्यं जायते स लघूच्चारण: S. K. on P.VIII.3. 18;(4) solitary remnant of the affixes क्विप्,क्विन्, ण्वि and the like, when the other letters which are mute are dropped and the affix क्वप् or the like becomes a zero affix. This व् also is finally dropped; confer, compare वेरपृक्तस्य P. VI.1.67.
vanaspatyādia class of compound words headed by वनस्पति which retain the original accent of the members of the compound, as for example, in the compound word वनस्पति both the words वन and पति have got their initial vowel अ accented acute; cf Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana.on P.VI.2.140.
varadarājaa scholar of grammar and a pupil of Bhattoji Diksita who flourished in the end of the seventeenth century and wrote abridgments of the Siddhanta-kaumudi for beginners in grammar named लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी and मध्यसिद्धान्तकौमुदी as also धातुकारिकावली and गीर्वाणपदमञ्जरी. The work under the name सारसिद्धान्तकौमुदी, which is the shortest abridgment, is, in fact, the लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी itselfeminine. It is possible that the auother first prepared the सारसिद्धान्तकौमुदी and then, he himself or a pupil of his, put additional necessary matter and prepared the Laghusiddhanta-kaumudi.
varṇaviparyayachanging the place of letters; confer, compare सिंहो वर्णविपर्ययात् Vart 20.
varṇasamāmnāyaa collection of letters or alphabet given traditionally. Although the Sanskrit alphabet has got everywhere the same cardinal letters id est, that is vowels अ, इ et cetera, and others, consonants क्, ख् etc : semivowels य्, र्, ल्, व, sibilants श् ष् स् ह् and a few additional phonetic units such as अनुस्वार, विसर्ग and others, still their number and order differ in the different traditional enumerations. Panini has not mentioned them actually but the fourteen Siva Sutras, on which he has based his work, mention only 9 vowels and 34 consonants, the long vowels being looked upon as varieties of the short ones. The Siksa of Panini mentions 63 or 64 letters, adding the letter ळ ( दुःस्पृष्ट ); confer, compare त्रिषष्टि: चतुःषष्टिर्वा वर्णाः शम्भुमते मताः Panini Siksa. St.3. The Rk Pratisakhya adds four (Visarga, Jihvamuliya, Upadhmaniya and Anusvara ) to the forty three given in the Siva Sutras and mentions 47. The Taittiriya Pratisakhya mentions 52 letters viz. 16 vowels, 25class consonants, 4 semivowels,six sibilants (श्, ष् , स्, ह् , क्, प् , ) and anusvara. The Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya mentions 65 letters 3 varieties of अ, इ, उ, ऋ and लृ, two varieties of ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, 25 class-consonants, four semivowels, four sibilants, and जिह्वामूलीय, उपध्मानीय, अनुस्वार, विसर्जनीय, नासिक्य and four यम letters; confer, compare एते पञ्चषष्टिवर्णा ब्रह्मराशिरात्मवाचः Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.VIII. 25. The Rk Tantra gives 57 letters viz. 14 vowels, 25 class consonants, 4 semivowels, 4 sibilants, Visarga,.Jihvamuliya, Upadhmaniya, Anunasika, 4_yamas and two Anusvaras. The Rk Tantra gives two different serial orders, the Uddesa (common) and the Upadesa (traditional). The common order or Uddesa gives the 14 vowels beginning with अ, then the 25 class consonants, then the four semivowels, the four sibilants and lastly the eight ayogavahas, viz. the visarjanya and others. The traditional order gives the diphthongs first, then long vowels ( अा, ऋ, लॄ, ई and ऊ ) then short vowels (ऋ, लृ, इ, उ, and lastly अ ), then semivowels, then the five fifth consonants, the five fourths, the five thirds, the five seconds, the five firsts, then the four sibilants and then the eight ayogavaha letters and two Ausvaras instead of one anuswara. Panini appears to have followed the traditional order with a few changes that are necessary for the technigue of his work.
vartsyaliterally gingival, or produced at the gums; the letter र् according to some scholars who believe that र् is produced at the root of the teeth id est, that is at the gums; confer, compare एके अाचार्या रेफं वर्त्स्यमिच्छन्ति। वर्त्से भवो वर्त्स्य: ! वर्त्सशब्देन दत्तमूलादुपरिष्टादुच्छूनः प्रदेश: (gums) उच्यते Uvvata on R.Pr.I.20.
vartsyatfuture, belonging to future;confer, compare वर्त्स्यत्प्रवृत्त्या इह कार्याणि क्रियन्ते Paribhasa 87 given by Siradeva.
vardhamāna(1)a long vowel;(2)name of a famous ]ain grammarian, disciple of Govindasuri, who lived in the beginning of the twelfth century A.D.and wrote a metrical work on ganas or groups of words in grammar, named गणरत्नमहोदधि, and also a commentary on it. The work consists of 8 chapters and has got some commentaries besides the well-known one by the author himselfeminine. He also wrote two other works on grammar कातन्त्रविस्तर and क्रियागुप्तक as also a few religious books.
varsvyaor वर्त्य gingival, produced at the gums; the word वर्स्व is probably the correct word meaning the root of the teeth or gums; the word वर्स was also used in the same sense as वर्स्व from which the word वर्स्य could be derivedition बर्स्व्य and बर्स्य are only the variant pronnnciations of वर्स्व्य and वर्स्य.The word वर्त्स्य, with त् inserted between र् and स् , is given a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. as explained by Uvvata from वर्त्स. It is very likely that वर्त्स is wrongly written for वर्स्व or वर्स।
vājasaneyeiprātiśākhyathe Pratisakhya work belonging to the Vajasaneyi branch of the White Yajurveda, which is the only Pratisakhya existing to-day representing all the branches of the Sukla Yajurveda. Its authorship is attributed to Katyayana, and on account of its striking resemblance with Panini's sutras at various places, its author Katyayana is likely to be the same as the Varttikakara Katyayana. It is quite reasonable to expect that the subject matter in this Pratisakhya is based on that in the ancient Prtisakhya works of the same White school of the Yajurveda.The work has a lucid commentary called Bhasya written by Uvvata.
vāṇīspeech; utterance; the same as वाच् which is believed to be of four kinds as cited by the grammarians and explained by Bhartrhari; the four kinds are based upon the four places of origin, the three first places belonging to the inarticulate speech and the fourth belonging to the articulate one: cfचत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मण य मनीषिणः | गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्तिं तुरीयं वाचेी मनुष्या वदन्ति, Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). I Ahnika l and the Pradipa and Mahābhāṣya-Pradīpoddyota by Nāgeśa.thereon.
vārttikaa statement which is as much authoritative as the original statement to which it is given as an addition for purposes of correction, completion or explanation. The word is defined by old writers in an often-guoted verseउक्तानुक्तदुरुक्तनां चिन्ता यत्र प्रवर्तते | तं ग्रन्थं वार्तिकं प्राहुर्वार्तिकज्ञा मनीषिण:|This definition fully applies to the varttikas on the Sutras of Panini. The word is explained by Kaiyata as वृत्तौ साधु वार्त्तिकम् which gives strength to the supposition that there were glosses on the Sutras of Panini of which the Varttikas formed a faithful pithy summary of the topics discussedition The word varttika is used in the Mahabhasya at two places only हन्तेः पूर्वविप्रविषेधो वार्तिकेनैव ज्ञापित: M.Bh. on P.III. 4.37 and अपर आह् यद्वार्त्तिक इति M.Bh. on P. II.2.24 Vart. 18. In अपर अहृ यद्वार्त्तिक इति the word is contrasted with the word वृत्तिसूत्र which means the original Sutra (of Panini ) which has been actuaIly quoted, viz. संख्ययाव्ययासन्नाo II.2. 25. Nagesa gives ' सूत्रे अनुक्तदुरुक्तचिन्ताकरत्वं वार्तिक्रत्वम् as the definition of a Varttika which refers only to two out of the three features of the Varttikas stated a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.. If the word उक्त has been omitted with a purpose by Nagesa, the definition may well-nigh lead to support the view that the genuine Varttikapatha of Katyayana consisted of a smaller number of Varttikas which along with a large number of Varttikas of other writers are quoted in the Mahabhasya, without specific names of writers, For details see pages 193-223 Vol. VII Patanjala Mahabhasya, D.E, Society's Edition.
vārtikavacanaa small pithy statement or assertion in the manner of the original sutras which is held as much authoritative as the Sutra: cf न ब्रुमो वृत्तिसूत्रवचनप्रामाण्यादिति | किं तर्हि | वार्तिकवचनप्रामाण्यादिति [ M.Bh. on P.II..1.1 Varttika 23.
vārttikasūtrathe same as वार्तिकवचन which see a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.. The Varttikas are termed Varttika sutras on account of their close similarity with the original Sutras, which in contrast are termed Vrttisutras.
vāsudeva dīkṣitason of महादेव दीक्षित, the author of the Balamanorarma, a commentary on the Siddhantakaumudi. Vasudevadiksita was a resident of Tanjore who lived in the beginning of the eighteenth century A.D. and wrote a few works on Purvamimamsa.
vāsudeva( शास्त्री)surnamed Abhyankar, who lived from 1863 to l942 and did vigorous and active work of teaching pupils and writing essays, articles, commentary works and original works on various Shastras with the same scholarship, zeal and acumen for fifty years in Poona. He wrote गूढार्थप्रकाश a commentary on the LaghuSabdendusekhara and तत्त्वादर्श a commentary on the Paribhasendusekhara in 1889. His edition of the Patanjala Mahabhasya with full translation and notes in Marathi can be called his magnum opus. See अभ्यंकर.
vikṛtamutilated, changed in nature e. g. the word राम into रम् in रामौ which is equivalent to राम् + औ. For technical purposes in grammar a word, although mutilated a little by lopa, agama or varnavikara, is looked upon as the original one for undergoing operations cf एकदेशविकृतमनन्यवत् Par. Sek. Pari. 37.
vikṛtichange, modification as different from the original which is called प्रकृतिः confer, compareप्रकृतिरुपादानकारणं । तस्यैव उत्तरमवस्थान्तरं विकृतिः Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P.V.I.12. विकृतिवल्ली a work on the modified recital of the Veda words, or पदपाठविकृति, ascribed to Vyadi who is believed to have been a pupil of वर्ष.
viṭhṭhalaor विठ्ठलेश grandson of रामचन्द्रशेष the author of the प्राक्रियाकौमुदी. He was aTelagu Brahmana of Andhra who lived in the beginning of the sixteenth century and wrote a commentary named प्रसाद on the Prakriya-Kaumudi and two small works अव्ययार्थनिरूपण and पाणिनिसूत्रवृत्ति.
vibhattipādaconventional name given to the third pāda of the fifth Adhyāya of Pāṇini's Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī., as it begins with the Sūtra प्राग्दिशो विभक्तिः P.V.3.1.
virāmaan ancient term used in the Prātiśākhya works for a stop or : pause in general at the end of a word, or at the end of the first member of a compound, which is shown split up in the Padapāṭha, or inside a word, or at the end of a word, or at the end of a vowel when it is followed by another vowel. The duration of this virāma is different in different circumstances; but sometimes under the same circumstances, it is described differently in the different Prātiśākhyas. Generally,there is no pause between two consonants as also between a vowel and a consonant preceding or following it.The Taittirīya Prātiśākhya has given four kinds of विराम (a) ऋग्विराम,pause at the end of a foot or a verse of duration equal to three mātrās or moras, (b) पदविराम pause between two words of duration equal to two matras; e. g. इषे त्वा ऊर्जे त्वा, (c) pause between two words the preceding one of which ends in a vowel and the following begins with a vowel, the vowels being not euphonically combined; this pause has a duration of one matra e,g. स इधान:, त एनम् , (d) pause between two vowels inside a word which is a rare occurrence; this has a duration of half a mātrā;e.gप्रउगम्, तितउः; confer, compare ऋग्विरामः पदविरामो विवृत्तिविरामः समानपदविवृत्तिविरामस्त्रिमात्रो द्विमात्र एकमात्रोर्धमात्र इत्यानुपूर्व्येण Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.XXII. 13. The word विवृत्ति is explained as स्वरयोरसंधिः. The vivṛttivirāma is further divided into वत्सानुसति which has the preceding vowel short and the succeeding long, वत्सानुसारिणी which has the preceding vowel a long one and the succeeding vowel a short one, पाकवती which has both the vowels short, and पिपीलिका which has got both , the vowels long. This fourfold division is given in the Śikṣā where their duration is given as one mātrā, one mātrā, three-fourths of a mātrā and one-fourth of a mātrā respectively. The duration between the two words of a compound word when split up in the पदपाठ is also equal to one mātrā; confer, compare R.Pr.I.16. The word विराम occurs in Pāṇini's rule विरामोs वसानम् P.I. 4.110 where commentators have explained it as absence; confer, compare वर्णानामभावोवसानसंज्ञः स्यात् S.K.on P. I.4.110: confer, compare also विरतिर्विरामः । विरम्यते अनेन इति वा विरामः Kāś. on P.I.4.110. According to Kāśikā even in the Saṁhitā text, there is a duration of half a mātrā between the various phonetic elements, even between two consonants or between a vowel and a consonant, which, however, is quite imperceptible; confer, compare परो यः संनिकर्षो वर्णानां अर्धमात्राकालव्यवधानं स संहितासंज्ञो भवति Kāś. on P. I.4.109 confer, compare also विरामे मात्रा R.T.35; confer, compare also R.Pr.I.16 and 17. For details see Mahābhāṣya on P.I.4.109 and I.4.110.
viṣṇupaṇḍitaa grammarian belonging to the famous Śeṣa family of grammarians, who has written a small treatise on Paribhāṣā or maxims of interpretation which he has named परिभाषाप्रक्राश.
visthānabelonging to a position of utterance (स्थान) other than the one assigned,or referred to; confer, compare विस्थाने स्पर्श उदये मकार; Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) IV. 3.
vihitaviśeṣaṇaan adjectival word generally in a different case from that of the word to which it is applied as an adjective, and hence, translated as 'prescribed after' and not as 'belonging to' confer, compare विहितविशेषणं धातुग्रहणम् । धातोर्यो विहित इति | Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.I.1.5 Vārt 3: confer, compare also Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on II.4.74. Vārt 1.
vuk(1)augment वु added (a) to the word भ्रू after it, when the taddhita affix. affix ढक् ( एय ) in the sense of अपत्य is affixed to it; confer, compare भ्रुवो वुक् च P. IV.1.125; (b) to the root भू before an affix beginning with a vowel in the perfect and the aorist tenses; exempli gratia, for example बभूव, अभूवन् et cetera, and others: confer, compare P. VI.4.88: (c) to the root सू in the Perfect third person. singular.; exempli gratia, for example ससूव, P.VII.4.74; (2) taddhita affix. affix अक applied to the word कन्था as seen in use in the Bannu ( वर्णु ) district; e. g. कान्थकम् , confer, compare P.IV.2.103.
vṛtti(1)treatment, practice of pronunciation; (2) conversion of one phonetic element into another; confer, compare R.Pr.I.95;(3) position of the padas or words as they stand in the Saṁhhitā text, the word is often seen used in this way in the compound word पदवृत्ति; आन्पदा: पदवृत्तयः R.Pr. IV.17: (4) modes of recital of the Vedic text which are described to be three द्रुत, मध्य and विलम्बित based upon the time of the interval and the pronunciation which differs in each one; confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I.4. 109, Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). 4; also I.l.69 Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini).ll ; ( 5 ) nature confer, compare गुर्वक्षराणां गुरुवृत्ति सर्वम् R.Pr.XVIII.33; (6) interpretation of a word; (7) verbal or nominal form of a root; confer, compare अर्थनित्यः परीक्षेत केनचिद् वृत्तिसामान्येन Nirukta of Yāska.II.1; (8)mode or treatment followed by a scientific treatise; cf का पुनर्वृत्तिः । वृत्तिः शास्त्रप्रवृत्तिः | M.Bh. in Āhnika l on वृत्तिसमवायार्थ उपदेश: Vārttika 10; (9) manner of interpretation with the literal sense of the constituents present or absent, described usually as two-fold जहत्स्वार्था and अजहत्स्वार्था, | but with a third kind added by some grammarians viz. the जहदजहत्स्वार्था; (10) a compound word giving an aggregate sense different from the exact literal sense of the constituent words; there are mentioned five vṛittis of this kind; confer, compare परार्थाभिधानं वृत्तिः । कृत्तद्धितसमासैकदेशधातुरूपाः पञ्च वृत्तयः | वृत्त्यर्थावबोधकं वाक्यं विग्रहः S. K. at the end of the Ekaśeṣaprakaraṇa; ( 11 ) interpretation of a collection of statements; the word was originally applied to glosses or comments on the ancient works like the Sūtra works, in which the interpretation of the text was given with examples and counterexamples where necessary: confer, compare वृत्तौ भाष्ये तथा नामधातुपारायणादिषु; introductory stanza in the Kāśikā.Later on, when many commentary works were written,the word वृत्ति was diferentiated from भाष्य, वार्तिक, टीका,चूर्णि, निर्युक्ति, टिप्पणी, पञ्जिका and others, and made applicable to commentary works concerned with the explanation of the rules with examples and counter-examples and such statements or arguments as were necessary for the explanation of the rules or the examples and counter examples. In the Vyākaraṇa-Śāstra the word occurs almost exclusively used for the learned Vṛtti on Pāṇini-sūtras by Vāmana and Jayāditya which was given the name Kāśikā Vṛtti; confer, compare तथा च वृत्तिकृत् often occurring in works on Pāṇini's grammar.
vṛttisūtraa rule forming the basis of a vrtti, i. e. a rule on which glosses are written, as contrasted with वार्तिकसूत्र or वार्तिक a pithy Sutralike statement composed as an addition or a modification of the original Sutra; confer, compare केचित्तावदाहुर्यद् वृत्तिसूत्रे इति | संख्ययाव्ययासन्नादूराधिकसंख्यां: संख्येये ( P. II. 2.25 ) इति | M, Bh. on P. II. 2. 24,
vṛddhi(1)a technical term used by Panini to denote the vowels अा, ऐ and औ: a vowel belonging to the third grade out of the three grades of vowels which are known as zero, normal and long grades; cf , वृद्धिरादैच् P I. 1.1: (2) lengthening completely of a vowel which is called प्लुति in grammar: the term is used in the Rk Tantra Pratisakhya in this sense.
vṛddhipādaname given to the first pada of Panini's Astadhyayi by grammarians, as the beginning of the pada is made by the Sutra वृद्धिरादैच्.
vebhaktabelonging to a case-affix; confer, compare क्राभ्यां सॊ वैभक्तः ( मूर्धन्यमापद्यते )। ऋक्षु। वणिक्षु । confer, compare also वैभक्तस्य णत्वे P. VI. 1.85 Varttika 6.
veyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāraa slightly abridged form of the Vaiyakaranabhusana by the author Kondabhatta himself for students and beginners. It consists of the same number of fourteen chapters as the main treatise, which are given the name Nirnaya. See vaiyākaranabhusana.
vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāravṛttia commentary on the Vaiyākaranabhusana, written by Mahānanda in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaimudīan extremely popular work on the subject of Sanskrit grammar written for the use of students, which, although difficult at a few places, enables the students by its careful study to get a command over the subject. and enable him to read other higher works on grammar. The work is based on the Astadhyayi of Panini without omitting a single Sutra. The arrangement of the Sutras is, entirely different, as the author, for the sake of facility in understanding, has divided the work into different topics and explained the Sutras required for the topic by bringing them together in the topic. The main topics or Prakaranas are twelve in number, viz. (1) संज्ञापरिभाषा, (2) पञ्चसंधि, (3) सुबन्त or षड्लिङ्ग, (4) स्त्रीप्रत्यय, (5) कारक, (6) समास, (7) तद्धित, (8) तिङन्त, (9) प्रक्रिया, (10) कृदन्त, (11) वैदिकी and (12) स्वर which are sometimes styled as व्याकरणद्वादशी. The work is generally known by the term सिद्धान्तकौमुदी, or even कौमुदी, and it has got a large number of scholarly and ordinary commentaries as also commentaries on commentaries, all numbering a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. twelve, and two abridgments the Madhyakaumudi and the Laghukaumudi. The work was written by the reputed scholar Bhattoji Diksita of Varanasi in the seventeenth century. See Bhattoji Diksita.
vyayavat(1)possessed of व्यय or inflectional change; a declinable word; cf यस्य पुनर्विभक्त्यादिभिर्विकारः क्रियते स व्ययवान् । आद्युदात्त: स च अन्त:शब्दॊ भवति | V: Pr. II.26; (2) characterized by a loss of accent id est, that is the loss of the original accent and the presence of another accent: confer, compare पदान्तस्य पदे दृष्टं स्वरितत्वं न दृश्यते | अदृष्टमनुदात्तत्वं च दृश्यते । Uvvata on R. Pr, XI.31.
vyākaraṇamahābhāṣyapradīpathe original name of the learned commentary on Patanjali's Mahabhasya by Kaiyatabhatta the well-known grammarian of Kashmir of the eleventh century. See प्रदीप and कैयट.
vyāḍīyaname given to the pupils and students belonging to the school of Vyadi; confer, compare M.Bh, on P.VI.2.36.
vyāsa(1)showing separately; separate expression as contrasted with समास; (2) fault of pronunciation of the type of unnecessarily extending the place of origin as also the instrument of the production of sound; confer, compare स्थानकरणयोर्विस्तारे व्यासो सो नाम दोषो जायते Uvvata on Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) XIV. 2.
ś(1)a sibilant letter of the palatal class, possessed of the properties, श्वासानुप्रदान, अघोष and कण्ठविवृतत्व; (2) the initial indicatory ( इत् ) letter श् of a non-taddhita affix in Panini's grammar, which is dropped; (3) substitute for च्छ् when followed by an affix beginning with a nasal consonant; e.g प्रश्न:, confer, compare P.VI.4.19;(4) substitute for स् when followed by श् or any palatal letter;exempli gratia, for example वृक्षश्छादयति वृक्षश्शेते Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana.on P. VIII. 4.40.
śatapādaconventional name given to the fourth pada of the fifth adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi which begins with the sutra पादशतस्य संख्यांदेवींप्सायां वुन् लेपश्च P. V. 4.1.
śatṛsvarathe acute accent specifically stated for the vowel of the caseaffix beginning with a vowel et cetera, and others prescribed by the rule शतुरनुमे। नद्यजादी P. VI. 1.173: confer, compare शतृस्वर , तुदती नुदती ... शतुरनुमो नद्यजादिरन्तांदात्तादित्वेष स्वरो यथा स्यात् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VIII. 2.6. Vart 2.
śarvavarmāa reputed grammarian who is believed to have been a contemporary of the poet Gunadhya in the court of Satavahana. He wrote the Grammar rules which are named the Katantra Sutras which are mostly based on the Sutras of Panini. In the grammar treatise named 'the Katantra Sutra' written by Sarvavarman the Vedic section and all the intricacies and difficult elements are carefully and scrupulously omitted by him, with a view to making his grammar useful for beginners and students of average intelligence.
śavargaclass of letters beginning with श् i.e the consonants श् , ष् , स् and ह् .
śākinataddhita affix. affix (originally a word formed from शाकी by affixing न as given in Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.V.2.100), applied to the word इक्षु in the sense of a field producing it; e. g. इक्षुशाकिनम्.; confer, compare भवने क्षेत्रे इक्ष्वादिभ्यः शाकटशाकिनौ Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. V. 2.29.
śāstrakṛtthe originator or the founder of a Sastra or system of particular thoughts. The word was used by ancient grammarians for Panini, the founder of the great system of grammar, or of grammar in general; confer, compare व्यत्ययमिच्छति शास्त्रकृदेषां सोपि च सिध्यति बाहुलकेन M.Bh. on P. III. 1. 85
śāstrātideśasupposition of the original in the place of the substitute merely for the sake of the application of a grammatical rule as contrasted with रूपातिदेश, the actual restoration of the original form; confer, compare किं पुनरयं शास्त्रातिदेशः । तृचो यच्छास्त्रं तदतिदिश्यते । आहोस्विद्रूपातिदेशः तृचो यद्रूपं तदतिदिश्यते Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. VII.1.95.
śikṣāgeneral name given to a work on Phonetics. Although there are many such works which are all called शिक्षा, the work, which is often referred to, by the word, is the Siksa named पाणिनीयशिक्षा, about the authorship of which, however, there is a doubt whether it was the work of Panini or of somebody belonging to his school. The Siksa works are helpful, no doubt, for the study of grammar, but no topic belonging to Siksa is given by Panini which apparently means that these works do not come under the subject or province of Grammar. The reason why the Siksa topics are not given by Panini, is worth consideration. These Siksa works are not specifically related to a particular Veda and it cannot be said whether they preceded or succeeded the Pratisakhya works.
śitpossessed of, or characterized by, the indicatory letter श्; the krt affixes which are marked with the indicatory श् are termed Sarvadhatuka affixes (confer, compare P.III.4.113), while, the Adesas or substitutes, marked with the indicatory श्, are substituted for the whole of the Sthanin or the original and not for its final letter according to the rule अलोन्त्यस्य P. I.1.52; e. g. शि is substituted,not for the final स् of जस् and शस् but for the whole जस् and the whole शस्; confer, compare P.I.1.55.
śivasūtraname given to the fourteen small sutras giving the alphabet which Panini took as the basis of his grammar. The Sivasutras have got a well-known explanation in Verse, named नन्दिकेश्वरकारिका on which there is a commentary of the type of Bhasya by उपमन्यु. The origin of the Sivasutra given by the writer of the Karika is summed up in the stanza नृत्तावसाने नटराजराजो ननाद ढक्कां नवपञ्चवारम् । उद्धर्तुकामः सनकादिसिद्धानेतद् विमर्शे शिवसूत्रजालम् | Nand. 1.
śuklayajuḥprātiśākhyaname of the Pratisakhya treatise pertaining to the White Yajurveda which is also called the Vajasaneyi-Pratisakhya. This work appears to be a later one as compared with the other PratiSakhya works and bears much similarity with some of the Sutras of Panini. It is divided into eight chapters by the author and it deals with letters, their origin and their classification, the euphonic and other changes when the Samhita text is rendered into the Pada text, and accents. The work appears to be a common work for all the different branches of the White Yajurveda, being probably based on the individually different Pratisakhya works of the different branches of the Shukla Yajurveda composed in ancient times. Katyayana is traditionally believed to be the author of the work and very likely he was the same Katyayana who wrote the Varttikas on the Sutras of Panini.
śeṣa(l)any other senses than what are given a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page.; confer, compare शेषे P.IV.2.92: (2) surname of a reputed family of grammarians belonging to Southern India which produced many grammarians, from the fifteenth century to the eighteenth century. Ramacandra Sesa was the first grammarian in the family who wrote the Prakriyakaumudi in the fifteenth century. His descendants developed the system of studying grammar by the study of topics as given in the Prakriya Kaumudi and wrote several works of the nature of glosses and comments.
śeṣakṛṣṇaone of the prominent grammarians belonging to the Sesa family, who was the son of नरससिंहशेत्र. He wrote a gloss on the Prakriyakaumudi and two small works Prakrtacandrika and Padacandrika. Two other minor grammar works viz. the Yanlugantasiromani and Upapadamatinsutravyakhyana are ascribed to शेषकृष्ण who may be the same as शेषकृष्ण the son of नरसिंह, or another, as there were many persons who had the name Krsna in the big family.
śtip'the syllable ति applied to the Vikarana-ending form of a root to denote a root for a grammatical operation. The specific mention of a root with श्तिप् added, shows that the root of the particular class or conjugation shown, is to be taken and not the same root belonging to any other conjuga-tion; confer, compare इक्श्तिपौ धातुनिर्देशे; exempli gratia, for example अस्यतिवक्तिख्यातिभ्योऽङ् P.III. 1. 52. Although operations prescribed for a primary root are applicable to a frequentative root when the frequentative sign य has been omitted, operations prescribed for a root which is stated in a rule with ति ( श्तिप् ) added to it, do not take place in the frequentative roots;confer, compare श्तिपा शपानुबन्धेन ... पञ्चैतानि न यङ्लुकि.
(l)a sibilant letter of the cerebral class of consonants possessed of the properties श्वास, अघोष, कण्ठविवार and महाप्राण ; (2) mute indicatory letter ष्, attached to nouns as also to affixes with which nouns are formed, such as ष्वुन्, ष्कन्, ष्टरच्, ष्ट्रन् et cetera, and others showing the addition of the feminine affix ई ( ङीष् ); confer, compare षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च P. IV. 1.41 ; (3) changeable to स् when placed at the beginning of roots in the Dhatupatha except in the case of the roots formed from nouns and the roots ष्ठिव् and ष्वष्क्; (4) substitute for the last consonant of the roots ब्रश्च, भ्रस्ज्, सृज्, मृज्, यज्, राज्, भ्राज्, as also of the roots ending in छ् and श् before a consonant excepting a nasal and a semivowel, as also when the consonant is at the end of the word; e. g. भ्रष्टा, स्रष्टा, यष्टुम् सम्राट् et cetera, and others cf P. VIII.2.36 (5) substitute for a visarjaniya preceded by a vowel except अ and followed by a consonant of the guttural or the labial class which does not begin a different word, as also before the words पाश, कल्प, क, काभ्य et cetera, and others confer, compare P. VIII. 3.39: confer, compare also P. VIII 3.41, 43, 44, 45 and 48 for some specified cases; (6) substitute for स् when placed near a consonant of the cerebral class or near the consonant ष्; e. g. वृक्षष्षण्डे , वृक्षष्टकार: Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. VIII. 4.41.
ṣaṭkārakakhaṇḍanamaṇḍanaknown also as कारकखण्डनमण्डन a grammar-work on consonant is at the end of the word; e. g. भ्रष्टा, स्रष्टा, यष्टुम् सम्राट् et cetera, and others cf P. VIII.2.36 (5) substitute for a visarjaniya preceded by a vowel except अ and followed by a consonant of the guttural or the labial class which does not begin a different word, as also before the words पाश, कल्प, क, काभ्य et cetera, and others confer, compare P. VIII. 3.39: confer, compare also P. VIII 3.41, 43, 44, 45 and 48 for some specified cases; (6) substitute for स् when placed near a consonant of the cerebral class or near the consonant ष्; e. g. वृक्षष्षण्डे , वृक्षष्टकार: Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. VIII. 4.41.
ṣatvachange of the consonant स् into ष् in certain conditions in the formation of a word, or after prepositions in the case of verbs beginning with स्. This cerebralization of स् was a peculiar phonetic change which naturally occurred when स् in utterance came after a vowel excepting अ. Some of the Pratisakhya works have exhaustively treated this change and Panini has also mentioned many rules in connection with it.
saṃkhyāpūrvawith a numeral word placed first or at the beginning; a term used for defining the Dvigu compound cf संख्यापूर्वो द्विगुः P. II. 1.52.
saṃdhieuphonic combination; phonetic combination of two vowels or two consonants or one vowel and one consonant resulting from their close utterance; many kinds of such combinations and varieties are given in the Pratisakhya works. In the Siddhantakaumudi, Bhattoji Diksita has given five kinds of such Sandhis at the beginning of his work; confer, compare पदान्तपदाद्योः संधिः । यः कश्चिद्वैदिकशास्त्रसंधिरुच्यते स पदान्तपदाद्योर्वेदितव्यः।ते संधयश्चत्वारो भवन्ति । स्वरयोः व्यञ्जनयो: स्वरव्यञ्जनयोश्च Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.III. 3.
saṃprasāraṇaliterally extension; the process of changing a semi-vowel into a simple vowel of the same sthana or place of utterance; the substitution of the vowels इ, उ, ऋ and लृ for the semi-vowels य्, व् , र् and ल् respectively; cf इग्यणः संप्रसारणम् P. 1.1.45. The term संप्रसारण is rendered as a 'resultant vowel' or as 'an emergent vowel'. The ancient term was प्रसारण and possibly it referred to the extension of य् and व्, into their constituent parts इ +अ, उ+अ et cetera, and others the vowel अ being of a weak grade but becoming strong after the merging of the subseguent vowel into it exempli gratia, for example confer, compare सर्वत्र प्रसारणिभ्यो ड: P. III. 2.8 Vart.1. For the words taking this samprasarana change, see P. VI. 1 .13 to .19. According to some grammarians the term संप्रसारण is applied to the substituted vowels while according to others the term refers to the operation of the substitution: confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I. 1.15. The substitution of the samprasarana vowel is to be given preference in the formation of a word; , confer, compare संप्रसारणं तदाश्रयं च कार्यं बलवत् Pari. Sek. Pari. 1 19. संप्रसारणबलीयस्त्व the relative superior strength of the samprasarana change in comparison with other operations occurring simultaneotisly. The phrase न वा संप्रसारणबलीयस्त्वात् is often used in the Mahabhasya which is based upon the dictum of the superior strength of the samprasarana substitution, which is announced by the writer of the Varttikas; P. VI. 1.17 Vart, 2. , See संप्रसारण.
saṃbandhapādaname given by convention by grammarians to the fourth pada of the third adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi , which begins with the sutra धातुसंबन्धे प्रत्ययाः P. III. 4.1.
saṃvaraṇaliterally concealment; slurring over a consonant by practically merging its sound into that of the following one; the technical term अंभिनिधान is also used in the same sense; e. g. षट् द्वा द्वा; confer, compare संधारणं संवरणं श्रुतेश्च Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) VI. 5.
saṃskṛtamañjarīa short handbook on declension and case-relations written by a grammarian named Sadhusundara, who lived in the beginning of the eighteenth century.
saṃsvāraa combination or collection of the Svaras or musical notes for purposes of singing the Sama hymns.
saṃhitāposition of words or parts of words in the formation ofa word quite near each other which results into the natural phonetic coalescence of the preceding and the following letters. Originally when the Vedic hymns or the running prose passages of the Yajurveda were split up into their different constituent parts namely the words or padas by the Padakaras, the word संहिता or संहितापाठ came into use as contrasted with the पदपाठ. The writers of of the Pratisakhyas have conseguently defined संहिता as पदप्रकृतिः संहिता, while Panini who further split up the padas into bases ( प्रकृति ) and affixes ( प्रत्यय ) and mentioned several augments and substitutes, the phonetic combinations, which resulted inside the word or pada, had to be explained by reason of the close vicinity of the several phonetic units forming the base, the affix, the augment, the substitute and the like, and he had to define the word संहृिता rather differently which he did in the words परः संनिकर्षः संहिता; cf P.I.4.109: confer, compare also संहितैकपदे नित्या नित्या धातूपसर्गयोः । नित्य समासे वाक्ये तु सा विवक्षामपेक्षते Sabdakaustubha on Maheshvara Sutra 5.1.
saṃhitāpāṭhathe running text or the original text of the four Vedas as originally composedition This text, which was the original one, was split up into its constituent padas or separate words by ancient sages शौनक, अात्रेय and others,with a view to facilitating the understanding of it, and consequently to preserving it in the oral tradition.The original was called मूलप्रकृति of which the पदपाठ and the क्रमपाठ which were comparatively older than the other artificial recitations such as the जटापाठ, घनपाठ and others, are found mentioned in the Pratisakhya works.
sadeśaliterally belonging to the same place; the word is used in the sense of immediately near or quite in proximity; confer, compare अनन्त्यविकारे अन्त्यसदेशस्य Pari.Sek. Pari.108.
san(l)desiderative affix स applied to any root in the sense of desire; e. g. चिकीर्षति, जिहीर्षति, बुभूषति; cf धातोः कर्मणः समानकर्तृकादिदिच्छायां वा P.III. 1.7; (2) applied in specific senses possessed by the root to the roots गुप् , तिज्, कित्, मान्, बध्, दान् and शान्; exempli gratia, for example जुगुप्सते, तितिक्षते, चिकित्सति, मीमांसते, बीभत्सते, दीदांसते, शीशांसते; confer, compare P. III. 1. 5 and 6. The roots to which सन् is applied are reduplicated and the reduplicated form ending with सन् ( स ) is looked upon as a different root from the original one for purposes of conjugation, which takes, however, conjugational affixes of the same Pada as the original root; confer, compare सनाद्यन्ता धातवः III. 1.32.
samarthapādaname given by Siradeva and other grammarians to the first pada of the second adhyaya of Paninis Astadhyayi which begins with the sutra समर्थः पदविधिः P.II.1.1.
samāpattirestoration of the resultant to the original, as for instance, restoration of the padapatha and the kramapatha to the Samhitapatha; confer, compare प्रकृतिदर्शनं समापत्तिः Atharvaveda Prātiśākhya. III. I.7.
samāsaplacing together of two or more words so as to express a composite sense ; compound composition confer, compare पृथगर्थानामेकार्थीभावः समासः। Although the word समास in its derivative sense is applicable to any wording which has a composite sense (वृत्ति), still it is by convention applied to the समासवृत्ति only by virtue of the Adhikarasutra प्राक् कडारात् समास: which enumerates in its province the compound words only. The Mahabhasyakara has mentioned only four principal kinds of these compounds and defined them; confer, compare पूर्वपदार्थ प्रधानोव्ययीभावः। उत्तरपदार्थप्रधानस्तत्पुरुषः। अन्यपदार्थप्रधानो बहुव्रीहिः । उभयपदार्थप्रधानो द्वन्द्वः । M.Bh. on P.II.1.6; confer, compare also M.Bh. on P.II.1.20, II.1.49,II.2.6, II.4.26, V.1.9. Later grammarians have given many subdivisions of these compounds as for example द्विगु, कर्मधारय and तत्पुरुष (with द्वितीयातत्पुरुष, तृतीयातत्पुरुष et cetera, and othersas also अवयवतत्पुरुष, उपपदतत्पुरुष and so on) समानाधिकरणबहुव्रीहि, व्यधिकरणबहुव्रीहि, संख्याबहुवीहि, समाहारद्वन्द्व, इतरेतरद्वन्द्व and so on. समासचक्र a short anonymous treatise on compounds which is very popular and useful for beginners. The work is attributed to वररुचि and called also as समासपटल. The work is studied and committed to memory by beginners of Sanskrit ] studies in the PathaSalas of the old type.
sarvaprasaṅgaa presentation of all the substitutes for all the original ones indiscriminately; an application in all cases irrespective of any special consideration: confer, compare स्थानिन एकत्वनिर्देशादनेकादेशनिर्देशाच्च सर्वप्रसङ्ग: M.Bh.on P. I. 1. 50 Vart. l and 12; cf also M.Bh. on P.I.1.60, I.3.2, 3,10 etc
sarvavibhaktyantaliterally ending with all cases; the term is used as an adjective of the word समास and refers to a compound which can be dissolved by putting the first member in any case: cf सर्वविभक्यन्तः समासो यथा विज्ञायेत | अल: परस्य विधिः; अलि विधिरित्यादि Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P.I.1.56. सर्वस्यद्वेपाद conventional name given to the first pada of the eighth adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi which begins with the Sutra सर्वस्य द्बे VIII.1.1.
sarvādiliterally a group or a class of words beginning with the word सर्व as the first word in the list; the term is used in general as a synonymous term with Sarvanaman; confer, compare संज्ञोपसर्जनीभूतास्तु न सर्वादयः Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P.I.1.27. सर्वादेश a substitute for the entire wording instead of the final letter as prescribed by the rule अलेान्त्यस्य P.I.1.52; confer, compare अनेकाल्शीत्सर्वस्य P.I.1.55.
savacanawith the notion of number included in the sense of the base itself; see सलिङ्ग. सवर्ग belonging to the same class of letters; confer, compare उता सवर्गः | उकारेण लक्षित आदिः सहृ वर्गेण ग्राह्यः | चो कु: | Candra I. I. 2.
savarṇacognate, homophonic: a letter belonging to the same technical category of letters possessing an identical place of utterance and internal effort confer, compare तुल्यास्यप्रयत्नं सवर्णम् P. 1, 1. 9. For example, the eighteen varieties of अ, due to its short, long and protracted nature as also due to its accents and nasalization, are savarna to each other. The vowels ऋ and लृ are prescribed to be considered as Savarna although their place of utterance differs. The consonants in each class of consonants are savarna to one another, but by the utterance of one, another cannot be taken except when the vowel उ has been applied to the first. Thus कु stands for क्, ख्, ग्, घ् and ङ्. confer, compare तुल्यास्यप्रयत्नं सवर्णम् P. 1, I. 9 and अणुदित्सवर्णस्य चाप्रत्यय: P. I. 1. 69.
sāṃpratika(l)what is actually expressed .or found in the context; confer, compare सांप्रतिकाभावे भूतपूर्वगतिर्विज्ञायते M. Bh on P. VI. 1.177 Vart. 1: (2) original, found in the original context of Prakriti; confer, compare सांप्रतिके प्रकृतिस्थे कण्ठे सति हकारो नाम बाह्यः प्रयत्नः क्रियते Taittirīya Prātiśākhya.II. 6; (3) of the present time: confer, compare Purus. Pari. 15.
sāṃhitikaoriginal, as belonging to the Samhitapatha of the Sutras and not introduced for some additional purpose without forming a part of the actual affix; confer, compare अाकर्षात् ष्ठल् | इह केषां चित्सांहितिकं षत्वं केषांचित्षिदर्थम् Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. IV. 4.9.
sāttvaof a substantive, belonging to the object: confer, compare सत्त्वस्य इदम् । अपि वा मेदसश्च पशोश्च सात्त्वं द्विवचनं स्यात् । Nirukta of Yāska.VI. 16.
sāyaṇa,sāyaṇācāryathe celebrated Vedic scholar and grammarian of Vijayanagar who flourished in the 14th century and wrote, besides the monumental commentary works on the Vedas, a grammatical work on roots and their forms known by the name माधवीया धातुवृत्ति. As the colophon of the work shows, the Dhatuvrtti was written by Sayanacarya, but published under the name of Madhava, the brother of Sayanacarya: confer, compare इति महामन्त्रिणा मायणसुतेन माधवसहोदरेण सायणाचार्येण विरचितायां माधवीयायां धातुवृत्तौ...Madhaviya Dha tuvrtti at the end; cf also तेन मायणपुत्रेण सायणेन मनीषिणा । व्याख्येया माधवी चेयं धातुवृत्तिर्विरच्यते । Mad. Dhatuvrtti at the beginning.
sicipādname given by convention to the second pada of the seventh adhyaya of Paninis Astadhyayi as the pada begins with the sutra सिचि वृद्धि; परस्मैपदेषु. P. VII. 2. 1.
siddha(1)established; the term is used in the sense of नित्य or eternal in the Varttika सिद्धे शब्दार्थसंबन्धे where, as Patanjali has observed, the word सिद्ध meaning नित्य has been purposely put in to mark an auspicious beginning of the शब्दानुशासनशास्त्र which commences with that Varttika; confer, compare माङ्गलिक आचार्यो महतः शास्त्रौघस्य मङ्गलार्थे सिद्धशब्दमादितः प्रयुङ्क्ते M.Bh.on Ahnika 1; (2) established, proved, formed; the word is many times used in this sense in the Mahabhasya, as also in the Varttikas especially when a reply is to be given to an objection; confer, compare P.I. 1.3 Vart. 17, I.1. 4. Vart. 6: I. I. 5, Vart.5,I.1.9 Vart. 2 et cetera, and others
siddhakāṇḍathe chapter or portion of Panini's grammar which is valid to the rules inside that portion, as also to the rules enumerated after it. The word is used in connection with the first seven chapters and a quarter of the eighth chapter of Panini's Astadhyayi, as contrasted with the last three guarters called त्रिपादी, the rules in which are not valid to any rule in the preceding portion, called by the name सपासप्ताध्यायी or सपादी as also to any preceding rule in the Tripadi itSelf confer, compare पूर्वत्रासिद्धम् P, VIII.2.1. सिद्धनन्दिन् an ancient Jain sage who is believed to have written an original work on grammar.
sup(l)locative case affix सु: (2) short term for case-affixes, as formed by the syllable सु (the nominative case. singular. affix) at the beginning and the final consonant प् of सुप्, the locative plural case-affix in the rule स्वौजसमौट्...ङ्योस्सुप् P. IV. 1.2. These case afixes are called 'vibhakti' also. These सुप् affixes are elided after an indeclinable word; confer, compare अव्ययादाप्सुप: P. II. 4.82; in Veda स्, शे ( ए ), या, डा, ड्या, याच् and अाल् as seen, are substituted for these case affixes, which sometimes are even dropped or assimilated with the previous vowel of the base: e. g. सन्तु पन्थाः, आर्द्रे चर्मन् et cetera, and others cf, P. VII. 1.39. These caseaffixes are as a rule, grave-accented (अनुदात्त) excepting in such cases as are mentioned in P. VI.1. 166 to 184 and 19l.
sūtrakārathe original writer of the sutras; e. g. पाणिनि, शाकटायन, शर्ववर्मन् , हेमचन्द्र and others. In Panini's system, Panini is called Sutrakara, as contrasted with Katyayana,who is called the Varttikakara and Patanjali, who is called the Bhasyakara;confer, compare पाणिने: सूत्रकारस्य M.Bh. on P.II 2.1.1.
sūtrapāṭhathe text of Panini's Sutras handed down by oral tradition from the preceptor to the pupil. Although it is said that the actual text of Panini was modified from time to time, still it can be said with certainty that it was fixed at the time of the Bhasyakara who has noted a few different readings only. The Sutra text approved by the Bhasyakara was followed by the authors of the Kasika excepting in a few cases. It is customary with learned Pandits and grammarians to say that the recital of the Sutras of Panini was originally a continuous one in the form of a Samhitatext and it was later on, that it was split up into the different Sutras, which explains according to them the variation in the number of Sutras which is due to the different ways of splitting the Sutrapatha.
seṭkaसेट् together with the augment 'iț' prescribed in general for being prefixed to an Ardhadhatuka affix beginning with any consonant except य्. The word is also used in the sense of a root which allows the augment इट् ( इ ) to be prefixed to valadi Ardhadhatuka affixes placed after it, in contrast with such roots which do not allow it and hence which are termed अनिट्.
sautrabelonging to the sutra; found in the sutra as contrasted with what is given elsewhere; confer, compare सौत्रोयं धातु: or सौत्रं पुस्त्वम् et cetera, and others cf also सौत्रो निर्देशः Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. III. 2.139, III. 4.60, 64, IW. 2.64 et cetera, and others
sthabased upon; the word is peculiarly used in the Pratisakhya works in the sense of ' based on ' ' belonging to ' or ' made up of '; confer, compare अस्थनामिनीं सन्ध्यम्, Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. 91 , so also confer, compare वं नैगि उस्थे Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. 162.
sthāninthe original word or part of a word such as a syllable or two of it or a letter of it, for which a substitute ( आदेश ) is prescribed; confer, compare स्थानिवदादेशोSनाल्विधौ P. 1.I. 56.
sthānivatsimilar to the original in behaviour; confer, compare स्थानिवदादेशोनल्विधौ P.I. 1.59. See स्थानिवद्भाव.
sthānivattvaacting like the original. See स्थानिवद्भाव.
sthānivadbhāvabehaviour of the substitute like the original in respect of holding the qualities of the original and causing grammatical operations by virtue of those qualities. By means of स्थानिवद्भाव,the substitute for a root is,for instance, looked upon as a root; similarly, a noun-base or an affix or so, is looked upon like the original and it can cause such operations or be a recipient of such operations as are due to its being a root or a noun or an affix or the like. This स्यानिवद्भाव cannot be, and is not made also, a universally applicable feature; and there are limitations or restrictions put upon it, the chief of them being अल्विधौ or in the matter of such operations as are caused by the 'property of being a single letter' (अल्विधौ). There are two views regarding this 'behaviour like the original' : (l) supposed behaviour which is only instrumental in causing operations or undergoing them which is called शास्त्रातिदेदा and (2) actual restoration to the form of the original under certain conditions only as prescribed which is called रूपातिदेश. The रूपातिदेश is actually resorted to by some grammarians in the case of the reduplication of roots; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on द्विवेचनेचि P.I.1.59 and M.Bh. on P.I.1.59.See the word रूपातिदेश also. For details see Vol. VII p.p. 241243, Vyākarana Mahabhasya D.E. Society's Edition.
sthānedvirvacanapakṣaone of the two alternative views regarding reduplication according to which two wordings or units of the same form replace the original single wording, confer, compare स्थानेद्विर्वचनपक्षे स्थानिवद्भावात्प्रकृति व्यपदेशः: Siradeva Pari. 68.The other kind of reduplication is called द्वि:प्रयोगाद्विर्वचनपक्ष which looks upon reduplication as the mere placing of an exactly similar unit or wording after the original first unit. This alternative view is accepted in the Kasika: confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. on P. VI.1.1.
sthānyādeśābhāvathe relation between the original and the substitute which is described as of two kinds (1) supposed and actual; confer, compareअानुमानिकस्थान्यादेशभावकल्पनेपि श्रौतस्थान्योदशभावस्य न त्याग: Pari.Sek. Pari.
sphoṭaname given to the radical Sabda which communicates the meaning to the hearers as different from ध्वनि or the sound in ordinary experience.The Vaiyakaranas,who followed Panini and who were headed by Bhartihari entered into discussions regarding the philosophy of Grammar, and introduced by way of deduction from Panini's grammar, an important theory that शब्द which communicates the meaning is different from the sound which is produced and heard and which is merely instrumental in the manifestation of an internal voice which is called Sphota.स्फुटयतेनेन अर्थः: इति स्फोटः or स्फोटः शब्दो ध्वनिस्तस्य व्यायमादुपजायते Vakyapadiya; confer, compare also अभिव्यक्तवादको मध्यमावस्थ आन्तर: शब्द: Kaiyata's Pradipa. For, details see Vakyapadiya I and Sabdakaustubha Ahnika 1. It is doubtful whether this Sphota theory was. advocated before Panini. The word स्फोटायन has been put by Panini in the rule अवङ् स्फोटायनस्य only incidentally and, in fact, nothing can be definitely deduced from it although Haradatta says that स्फोटायन was the originator of the स्फोटवाद. The word स्फोट is not actually found in the Pratisakhya works. However, commentators on the Pratisakhya works have introduced it in their explanations of the texts which describe वर्णोत्पत्ति or production of sound; confer, compare commentary on R.Pr.XIII.4, T.Pr. II.1. Grammarians have given various kinds of sphota; confer, compare स्फोटो द्विधा | व्यक्तिस्फोटो जातिस्फोटश्च। व्यक्तिस्पोटः सखण्ड अखण्डश्च । सखण्ड। वर्णपदवाक्यभेदेन त्रिधा। अखण्ड: पदवाक्यभेदेन द्विधा ! एवं पञ्च व्यक्तिस्फोटाः| जातिस्फोट: वर्णपदवाक्यभेदेन त्रिधा। इत्येवमष्टौ स्फोटः तत्र अखण्डवाक्यस्फोट एव मुख्य इति नव्याः । वाक्य जातिस्फोट इति तु प्राञ्चः॥; confer, compare also पदप्रकृतिः संहिता इति प्रातिशाख्यमत्र मानम् । पदानां प्रकृतिरिति षष्ठीतत्पुरुषे अखण्डवाक्यस्फोटपक्षः । बहुव्रीहौ सखण्डबाक्यस्फोट:||
sva(1)personal-ending of the second person singular. Atmanepada in the imperative mood; cf थास: से | सवाभ्यां वामौ | P.III.4.80, 91 ; (2) a term used in the sense of स्ववर्गीय (belonging to the same class or category) in the Pratisakhya works; cf स्पर्श: स्वे R.T.25; confer, compare also कान्त् स्वे Ṛktantra Prātiśākhya. 1. 55;confer, comparealso R, Pr.IV.1 ; and VI.1 ;(3) cognate, the same as सवर्ण defined by Panini in तुल्यास्यप्रयत्नं सवर्णम् P. P.I.1.9; the term is found used in the Jain grammar works of Jainendra, Sakatayana and Hemacanda cf ]ain. I.1.2 SikI. 1.2; Hema. I.1.17.
svapāṭhathe original recital of the Veda; the Samhitapatha as opposed to the Padapatha which is looked upon more or less as artificial.
svara(l)vowel, as contrasted with a consonant which never stands by itself independently. The word स्वर is defined generally :as स्वयं राजन्ते ते स्वराः ( Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on pan. The word स्वर is always used in the sense of a vowel in the Pratisakhya works; Panini however has got the word अच् (short term or Pratyahara formed of अ in 'अइउण्' and च् at the end of एऔच् Mahesvara sutra 4 ) always used for vowels, the term स्वर being relegated by him to denote accents which are also termed स्वर in the ancient Pratisakhyas and grammars. The number of vowels, although shown differently in diferent ancient works, is the same, viz. five simple vowels अ,इ,उ, ऋ, लृ, and four diphthongs ए, ऐ, ओ, and अौ. These nine, by the addition of the long varieties of the first four such as आ, ई, ऊ, and ऋ, are increased to thirteen and further to twentytwo by adding the pluta forms, there being no long variety for लृ and short on for the diphthongs. All these twentytwo varieties have further subdivisions, made on the criterion of each of them being further characterized by the properties उदात्त, अनुदIत्त and स्वरित and निरनुनासिक and सानुनासिक. (2) The word स्वर also means accent, a property possessed exclusively by vowels and not by consonants, as they are entirely dependent on vowels and can at the most be said to possess the same accent as the vowel with which they are uttered together. The accents are mentioned to be three; the acute ( उदात्त ), the grave अनुदात्त and the circumflex (स्वरित) defined respectively as उच्चैरुदात्तः, नीचैरनुदात्तः and समाहारः स्वरितः by Panini (P. I. 2.29, 30,3l). The point whether समाहार means a combination or coming together one after another of the two, or a commixture or blending of the two is critically discussed in the Mahabhasya. (vide Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. I. 2.31). There are however two kinds of svarita mentioned by Panini and found actually in use : (a) the independent स्वरित as possessed by the word स्वर् (from which possibly the word स्वरित was formed) and a few other words as also many times by the resultant vowel out of two vowels ( उदात्त and अनुदात्त ) combined, and (b) the enclitic or secondary svarita by which name, one or more grave vowels occurring after the udatta, in a chain, are called cf P. VIII. 2.4 VIII. 2.6 and VIII 4.66 and 67. The topic of accents is fully discussed by the authors of the Pratisakhyas as also by Panini. For details, see Ṛgvedaprātiśākhya by Śaunaka ( Sanskrit Sāhityapariṣad Edition, Calcutta.) III. 1.19; T.Pr. 38-47 Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya.I. 108 to 132, II. I.65 Atharvaveda Prātiśākhya. Adhyaya l padas 1, 2, 3 and Rk. Tantra 51-66; see also Kaiyata on P. I. 2.29; (3) The word स्वर is used also in the sense of a musical tone. This meaning arose out of the second meaning ' accent ' which itself arose from the first viz. 'vowel', and it is fully discussed in works explanatory of the chanting of Samas. Patanjali has given Seven subdivisions of accents which may be at the origin of the seven musical notes. See सप्तस्वर a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page..
svaritapratijñāthe conventional dictum that a particular rule or part of a rule, is marked with the accent स्वरित which enables the grammarians to decide that that rule or that part of a rule is to occur in each of the subsequent Sutras, the limit of continuation being ascertained from convention. It is possible that Panini in his original recital of the Astadhyayi recited the words in the rules with the necessary accents; probably he recited every word, which was not to proceed further, with one acute or with one circumflex vowel, while, the words which were to proceed to the next rule or rules, were marked with an actual circumflex accent ( स्वरित ), or with a neutralization of the acute and the grave accents (स्वरितत्व), that is, probably without accents or by एकश्रुति or by प्रचय; cf स्वरितेनाधिकार: P. I.3.II and the Mahabhasya thereon.
halādibeginning with a consonant; confer, compare हलादयो विभक्तय:, M.Bh. on P. II. 4.32 Vart. 2; धातुर्य एकाज् हलादि: Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). on P. III. l . 22. Vart. 2. et cetera, and others हलादिशेष a term frequently used by commentators for the omission of all consonants except the initial one in the reduplicative syllable as prescribed by the rule of Panini इलादिः शेष: VII. 4. 60. The word 'इलादिःशेषः' as one word, is also found used in the same sense
hemacandraa Jain sage and scholar of remarkable erudition in the religious works of the Jainas as also in several Shastras. He was a resident of Dhandhuka in Gujarat, who, like Sankarācārya took संन्यासदीक्षा at a very early age and wrote a very large number of original books and commentaries, the total number of which may well nigh exceed fifty, during his long life of eighty-four years ( 1088 to ll 2 ). He stayed at AnhilavalaPattana in the North Gujarat and was patronised with extreme reverence by King Kumarapala who in fact, became his devoted pupil. Besides the well-known works on the various Shastras like Kavyanusasana, Abhidhanacintamani, Desinamamla, Yogasastra, Dvyasrayakavya, Trisastisalakapurusacarita and others which are well-known, he wrote a big work on grammar called सिद्धहेमचन्द्र by him,but popularly known by the name हेमव्याकरण or हैमशब्दानुशासन The , work consists of eight books or Adhyayas, out of which the eighth book is devoted to prakrit Grammar, and can be styled as a Grammar of all the Prakrit dialects. The Sanskrit Grammar of seven chapters is based practically upon Panini's Astadhyayi, the rules or sutras referring to Vedic words or Vedic affixes or accents being entirely omittedThe wording of the Sutras is much similar to that of Panini; at some places it is even identical. The order of the treatment of the subjects in the सिद्धहैम. शब्दानुशासनमृत्र is not, however, similar to that obtaining in the Astadhyayi of Panini. It is somewhat topicwise as in the Katantra Vyakarana. The first Adhyaya and a quarter of the second are devoted to Samjna, Paribhasa and declension; the second pada of the second Adhyaya is devoted to karaka, while the third pada of it is devoted to cerebralization and the fourth to the Stripratyayas.The first two Padas of the third Adhyaya are devoted to Samasas or compound words, while the last two Padas of the third Adhyaya and the fourth Adhyaya are devoted to conjugation The fifth Adhyaya is devoted to verbal derivatives or krdanta, while the sixth and the seventh Adhyayas are devoted to formations of nouns from nouns, or taddhita words. On this Sabda nusasana, which is just like Panini's Astadhyayi, the eighth adhyaya of Hemacandra being devoted to the grammar of the Arsa language similar to Vedic grammar of Panini, Hemacandra has himself written two glosses which are named लधुवृति and वृहृदवृत्ति and the famous commentary known as the Brhannyasa. Besides these works viz the हैमशब्दानुशासन, the two Vrttis on it and the Brhannyasa, he has given an appendix viz the Lingnusasana. The Grammar of Hemacandra, in short, introduced a new system of grammar different from, yet similar to, that of Panini, which by his followers was made completely similar to the Paniniya system by writing works similar to the Siddhantakaumudi, the Dhatuvrtti, the Manorama and the Paribhasendusekhara. हेमहंसगणि a grammarian belonging to the school of Hemacandra, who lived in the fifteenth century and wrote a work on Paribhasas named न्यायसंग्रह, on which he himself wrote a commentary called न्यायार्थमञ्जूषा and another one called by the name न्यास.
Vedabase Search
2344 results
ādā gingerCC Antya 10.135-136
CC Antya 10.149
CC Madhya 14.33
ā-brahma beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 5.14.29
ā-viriñcāt beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 5.15.13
ā-kalpāt from the very beginning of Lord Brahmā's daySB 10.87.6
a-kāra-ādyāḥ beginning with the letter aSB 12.6.42
khā'na begins to eatCC Adi 14.51
ā-bāla-vṛddha beginning from the children up to the old personsCC Madhya 4.83
ābhāsam the original sourceBG 13.15
ābhāsam reflection (of the original body and senses)SB 7.12.10
abhāvaḥ changing qualityBG 2.16
abhijña-mātram only imagined to have a separate existenceSB 12.8.44
abhimarśanaḥ massagingSB 10.86.43
abhimṛśan massagingSB 10.52.29
abhiṣeka the bathing of the Deity at the beginning of the installation ceremonyCC Madhya 4.59
abhyańga-mardana massaging the body with oilCC Antya 5.17
abhyañjana-ādikam massaging the body with oil and so onSB 7.12.8
abhyañjana massaging the headSB 7.12.12
abhyudaya bringing upSB 10.82.38
acala unchangingSB 10.35.8-11
mańgala-ācaraṇe in the performance of auspiciousness in the beginningCC Antya 1.182
ācārya-kalpita imagined by ŚańkarācāryaCC Madhya 25.27
ācārya-ādi beginning with Advaita ĀcāryaCC Antya 19.16
ādā-khaṇḍa pieces of gingerCC Madhya 15.54-55
ādā-cāki ground gingerCC Antya 2.108
nembu-ādā a preparation made with lime and gingerCC Antya 10.15-16
adarśanam impersonal merging within the brahmajyotiSB 2.7.34-35
ādau in the beginningBG 3.41
ādau in the beginningBG 4.4
kalpa-ādau in the beginning of the millenniumBG 9.7
ādau in the beginningSB 1.3.1
ādau original in the creative energy of matterSB 3.9.2
ādau in the beginningSB 3.11.35
arcā-ādau beginning with worship of the DeitySB 3.29.25
ādau in the beginning of creationSB 4.17.31
ādau in the beginning (the Second and Third Cantos)SB 5.26.38
ādau in the beginningSB 6.1.1
ādau in the beginningSB 6.4.49-50
ādau in the beginningSB 6.16.36
ādau in the beginningSB 6.18.30
ādau in the beginningSB 7.15.57
bhūta-ādau in the false ego, the origin of material existenceSB 9.7.25-26
kṛta-ādau at the beginning of the next Satya-yugaSB 9.22.11
ādau in the beginningSB 11.3.23
ādau in the beginning, before creationSB 11.3.37
ādau in the beginningSB 11.4.5
ādau in the beginning (of the millennium)SB 11.17.10
ādau in the beginningSB 11.22.17
ādau in the beginningSB 11.24.2
ādau originallyCC Adi 5.84
ādau in the beginningCC Madhya 11.78
ādau in the beginningCC Madhya 11.139
jihvā-ādau beginning with the tongueCC Madhya 17.136
ādau in the beginningCC Madhya 20.266
ādau in the beginningCC Madhya 23.14-15
ādau in the beginningCC Madhya 24.329
ādau in the beginningCC Antya 5.100
ādāya bringingSB 10.23.19
ādāya bringingSB 11.7.64
dakṣa-ādayaḥ beginning with DakṣaSB 5.5.21-22
dāra-apatya-ādayaḥ beginning with the wife and childrenSB 5.14.3
brahma-ādayaḥ beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 6.9.21
saubhaga-ādayaḥ sons beginning with SaubhagaSB 6.18.8
brahma-ādayaḥ the demigods, beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 7.5.13
brahma-ādayaḥ beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 7.8.7
brahmā-ādayaḥ the demigods, beginning with Brahmā, Śiva, Indra and CandraSB 8.3.30
pāyasa-ādayaḥ beginning with sweet riceSB 10.24.26
kha-ādayaḥ beginning with etherSB 11.22.19
sarva-adbhuta-camatkāra bringing wonder to allCC Madhya 23.82-83
ādhāya discharging semenSB 9.24.35
bhakti-adhikārī eligible for discharging transcendental loving service to the LordCC Madhya 22.64
adhyakṣāya who are superintending, managingSB 8.3.13
chandāṃsi adhyāpayiṣyan desiring to teach him Vedic mantras during the months beginning with Śrāvaṇa or during the period of CāturmāsyaSB 5.9.5
ādhyātmika-ādi beginning with those pertaining to the body and mindCC Madhya 22.13
ādi beginningBG 5.22
ādi-devam the original LordBG 10.12-13
ādi-devaḥ the original Supreme GodBG 11.38
ādi-kavaye unto the original created beingSB 1.1.1
ādi-pūruṣe unto the original Personality of GodheadSB 1.9.30
ādi the originalSB 2.1.28
ādi-puruṣa the original enjoyerSB 2.7.15
ādi-sarge in the beginning of creationSB 3.4.13
ādi-rājasya of the original kingSB 3.13.3
ādi originalSB 3.14.2
ādi-daityau demons in the beginning of creationSB 3.17.16
ādi the originalSB 3.18.21
ādi-sūkaraḥ the origin of the boar speciesSB 3.19.31
ādi originalSB 4.9.15
ādi-kṛt beginning of everythingSB 4.11.19
ādi-rājam the original kingSB 4.16.21
ādi originalSB 4.17.34
ādi-rājāya upon the original kingSB 4.19.41
ādi-rājaḥ the original kingSB 4.20.21
ādi-rājena by the original king (Pṛthu)SB 4.20.32
ādi-rājasya of the original kingSB 4.21.8
ādi-rājena by the original king (Pṛthu)SB 4.22.48
ādi beginning withSB 4.29.54
vanitā-ādi beginning with the wifeSB 4.29.54
ādi-puruṣaḥ the original personSB 5.1.10
ādi-puruṣasya the original personSB 5.1.23
ādi-anta-vat everything material has a beginning and an endSB 5.10.11
ānayana-ādi of the bringing and other such tasksSB 5.10.21
paramāṇu-ādi beginning from the time of minute atomsSB 5.14.29
upanayana-ādi beginning with offering the sacred thread or training the conditioned soul to qualify as a bona fide brāhmaṇaSB 5.14.30
meru-ādi-giri-duhitaraḥ daughters of the mountains beginning with MeruSB 5.17.10
ādi-sūkaraḥ the original form of a boarSB 5.18.39
ādi-puruṣam the original cause of all causesSB 5.19.1
ādi-puruṣaḥ the original personSB 5.22.3
ādi-devaḥ the original Lord, or nondifferent from the original Supreme Personality of GodheadSB 5.25.6
praṇava-ādi beginning with the oṃkāraSB 6.8.7
ādi-puruṣam the original personSB 6.9.20
ādi-puruṣa the original personSB 6.9.33
ādi-puruṣam unto the expansion of the original personalitySB 6.16.31
ādi-anta in both the beginning and the endSB 6.16.36
ādi-puruṣam the original personSB 6.18.66-67
ādi-bhavaḥ Lord Brahmā, the original living creature within this universeSB 7.3.22
ādi-devam the origin of all the demigodsSB 7.6.17-18
ādi the originalSB 7.8.35
ādi-puruṣa O supreme original Personality of GodheadSB 7.8.43
ādi in the beginningSB 7.9.30
ādi-anta-vantaḥ who all have a beginning and endSB 7.9.49
ādi in the beginning of the millenniumSB 7.10.42
ādi-puruṣasya of the original Personality of GodheadSB 7.10.47
niṣeka-ādi the beginning of life (the purificatory process of garbhādhāna, performed when the father begets a child by discharging semen into the womb of the mother)SB 7.15.52
ādi a beginningSB 8.1.12
ādi-bījāya who is the origin or root cause of everythingSB 8.3.2
duḥsvapna-ādi beginning with sleeping badly at nightSB 8.4.15
ādi-kacchapaḥ as the supreme original tortoiseSB 8.7.10
ādi the beginningSB 8.12.5
ādi-devāya who are the original Personality of GodheadSB 8.16.34
ādi-puruṣaḥ the original personSB 8.17.4
ādi-puruṣam the supreme original person, BhagavānSB 8.23.11-12
ādi-pūruṣaḥ the original personSB 8.24.54
ādi-puruṣam the original Personality of GodheadSB 9.10.14
ādi-vṛkṣaḥ this is the original tree or construction of the material body, whether individual or universalSB 10.2.27
kaivalya-ādi like liberation or merging into the Brahman effulgenceSB 10.6.34
nṛtya-gīta-ādi-aneka-arhaiḥ by many varied means of worship, such as dancing and singingSB 10.13.51
ādi-puruṣa O original Personality of GodheadSB 10.15.6
ādi-guruḥ the original spiritual masterSB 10.16.26
ādi-pūruṣaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 10.35.8-11
ādi beginningSB 10.54.45
ādi originalSB 10.59.27
ādi originalSB 10.85.29
ādi in its beginningSB 10.87.50
ādi-devaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 11.4.3
ādi-kartā the original doerSB 11.4.4
ādi-devaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 11.4.8
ādi a beginningSB 11.8.36
ādi-anta-vantaḥ possessing a beginning and endSB 11.14.11
ādi-mūrtiḥ the original form, VāsudevaSB 11.16.32
ādi in the beginningSB 11.19.7
ādi in the beginningSB 11.19.7
ādi-anta-vat having a beginning and an endSB 11.28.9
ādi in the beginningSB 11.28.18
ādi-anta-vat which has a beginning and an endSB 12.4.23
ādi-anta-vat subject to beginning and endSB 12.4.28
brahma-ādi beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 12.6.67
bīja-ādi beginning from the seed (i.e., from the time of conception)SB 12.7.20
ādi-kṛt the original creatorSB 12.11.30
ādi in the beginningSB 12.13.11-12
ādi-devaḥ the original puruṣa incarnationCC Adi 1.9
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 2.14
ādi beginning withCC Adi 3.81
matsya-ādi beginning with MatsyaCC Adi 4.11-12
ādi-puruṣam the original personalityCC Adi 4.72
rāsa-ādi beginning with the rāsa danceCC Adi 4.114
ādi beginning withCC Adi 4.147
sālokya-ādi the five types of liberation, beginning from sālokya (residing on the same spiritual planet as the Lord)CC Adi 4.204
sālokya-ādi liberation, beginning sālokyaCC Adi 4.208
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 5.22
ādi-devaḥ the original puruṣa incarnationCC Adi 5.50
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 5.71
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 5.155
tārkika-ādi-gaṇa all persons, beginning with the logiciansCC Adi 7.35
ādi beginning withCC Adi 7.48
śravaṇa-ādi devotional service, beginning with hearingCC Adi 7.141
ādi originallyCC Adi 10.64
ādi the originalCC Adi 13.14
ādi-līlā the original pastimesCC Adi 13.15
ādi-khaṇḍe in the original partCC Adi 13.18
sālokya-ādi beginning with sālokyaCC Madhya 6.267
ādi beginningCC Madhya 7.153
ādi-puruṣam the original personalityCC Madhya 8.163
śrīvāsa-ādi beginning with ŚrīvāsaCC Madhya 10.117
ādi beginning withCC Madhya 14.92
kila-kiñcita-ādi beginning with the ecstasy named kila-kiñcitaCC Madhya 14.170
vilāsa-ādi beginning with transcendental enjoymentCC Madhya 14.183
ādi beginning withCC Madhya 15.41
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 15.170
mayūra-ādi beginning with peacocksCC Madhya 17.44
ādi originalCC Madhya 18.18
ādi beginning withCC Madhya 18.68
sarva-ādi the origin of everythingCC Madhya 18.191
ākāśa-ādi beginning with the skyCC Madhya 19.233
veda-ādi beginning with the VedasCC Madhya 20.144
sarva-ādi origin of everythingCC Madhya 20.153
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 20.160
saubhari-ādi beginning with the sage named SaubhariCC Madhya 20.169
ādi-catur-vyūha the original quadruple groupCC Madhya 20.189
keśava-ādi beginning with Lord KeśavaCC Madhya 20.194
pūrva-ādi beginning from the eastCC Madhya 20.211
cakra-ādi of weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.221
cakra-ādi beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.222
cakra-ādi-dhāraṇa holding of the weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.223
vāsudeva-ādi beginning with Lord VāsudevaCC Madhya 20.226
cakra-ādi-dhāraṇa the holding of weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.237
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 20.281
sahasra-śīrṣā-ādi kari' by the Vedic hymns beginning with sahasra-śīrṣā (ṛg Veda-saṃhitā 10.90.1)CC Madhya 20.292
govindam ādi-puruṣam Lord Govinda, the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 20.304
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 20.310
ādi-puruṣam the supreme original personCC Madhya 20.316
pūtanā-vadha-ādi killing the demons, beginning from PūtanāCC Madhya 20.394
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 21.41
ādi-puruṣam the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 21.49
ādhyātmika-ādi beginning with those pertaining to the body and mindCC Madhya 22.13
śānta-ādi rasera of the mellows beginning from neutralityCC Madhya 23.56
ādi-puruṣa O original personCC Madhya 24.177
sālokya-ādi liberation, beginning with sālokyaCC Madhya 24.183
mṛga-ādi animals, beginning with the deerCC Madhya 24.263
brahmā-ādi beginning from Lord BrahmāCC Madhya 24.307
advaita-ādi beginning with Advaita ĀcāryaCC Antya 2.41
brahma-ādi jīva all living entities, beginning from Lord BrahmāCC Antya 3.251
kṛṣṇa-ādi beginning from KṛṣṇaCC Antya 3.268
deha-tyāga-ādi beginning with giving up the material bodyCC Antya 4.57
ādi beginning withCC Antya 4.60
ādi beginning withCC Antya 4.226
brahmā-ādi-devera of the demigods, beginning with Lord BrahmāCC Antya 5.75
vāṇīnātha-ādi beginning with VāṇīnāthaCC Antya 9.34
svarūpa-ādi beginning with Svarūpa DāmodaraCC Antya 9.36
ādi-vasyā uncivilized man, aborigineCC Antya 14.26
harṣa-ādi beginning with jubilationCC Antya 15.86
ācārya-ādi beginning with Advaita ĀcāryaCC Antya 19.16
ādi-vyāsa the original VyāsadevaCC Antya 20.82
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.29
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.30
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.31
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.32
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.33
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.34
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.35
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.36
ādi-puruṣam the original personalityBs 5.37
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.38
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.39
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.40
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.41
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.42
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.43
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.44
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.45
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.46
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.47
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.48
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.49
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.50
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.51
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.52
brahma-ādi beginning from Lord BrahmāBs 5.53
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.53
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.54
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.55
nārada-ādi beginning with NāradaMM 7
ādi beginning withMM 47
pūrva-ādibhiḥ beginning with the frontSB 3.12.37
pūrva-ādibhiḥ beginning from the front faceSB 3.12.38
yama-ādibhiḥ beginning with yamaSB 3.27.6
ādibhiḥ beginning withSB 4.26.12
grahaṇa-ādibhiḥ beginning with chantingSB 6.3.22
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ even by massaging her feetSB 9.18.35
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ by massaging His feet and offering other servicesSB 10.15.14
prokṣaṇa-ādibhiḥ by the various prescriptions beginning with sprinkling of water for purificationSB 11.27.29
padmaja-ādibhiḥ beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 12.11.4
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ by massaging His feet, etcCC Adi 5.139
dharma-ādibhyaḥ to the demigods, beginning with YamarājaSB 11.27.38-41
ādiḥ the originBG 10.2
ādiḥ the originBG 10.20
ādiḥ the beginningBG 10.32
ādiḥ beginningBG 15.3-4
ādiḥ beginning fromSB 3.11.39
bhūta-ādiḥ the false ego (origin of the material elements)SB 3.20.13
jagat-ādiḥ the origin of creationSB 3.26.50
ādiḥ beginningSB 8.6.10
jagat-ādiḥ the original cause of material creationSB 8.7.25
ādiḥ the original causeSB 8.17.27
nimeṣa-ādiḥ beginning with minute parts of timeSB 10.3.26
ādiḥ the beginningSB 10.82.45
ādiḥ the beginningSB 11.24.17
ādiḥ the beginningSB 11.24.18
ādiḥ beginning withSB 12.4.1
ādiḥ the originCC Adi 2.107
ādiḥ the origin of everythingCC Madhya 8.137
ādiḥ the originCC Madhya 20.154
ādiḥ the originCC Madhya 21.35
ādiḥ the originBs 5.1
rāsa-ādika beginning with the rāsa danceCC Adi 4.81
prema-ādika love of Godhead, beginning with śānta, dāsya and so onCC Madhya 23.47
brahmā-śiva-ādika demigods, beginning from Lord Brahmā and ŚivaCC Antya 8.2
ramā-ādika beginning with the goddess of fortuneCC Antya 17.40
abhyañjana-ādikam massaging the body with oil and so onSB 7.12.8
ādikam beginning withSB 10.55.36
ādim the originBG 9.13
ādim beginningBG 11.16
bhūta-ādim in the original false egoSB 11.24.22-27
ādim the original Supreme PersonalityCC Antya 16.53
śikya-ādīn lunch bags and other belongingsSB 10.12.5
ādinā originalSB 3.6.38
ādīnām beginning fromSB 3.5.37
mahat-ādīnām beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 3.29.37
kṣiti-ādīnām of the five elements, beginning with the earthSB 7.15.59
brahma-ādīnām beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 12.4.35
avyakta-ādīni in the beginning unmanifestedBG 2.28
ādīni beginning withSB 3.20.13
ādīni from the very beginningSB 4.21.7
oṃkāra-ādīni beginning with oṃkāraSB 6.8.4-6
śravaṇa-ādīni the activities of bhakti-yoga, beginning with hearing and chantingSB 10.6.3
ādiṣu beginning withSB 4.8.56
jambū-ādiṣu beginning with JambūSB 5.1.33
sthāvara-ādiṣu beginning with the nonmoving forms of life, the trees and plantsSB 7.6.20-23
niṣeka-ādiṣu beginning from the happiness derived from sex lifeSB 7.7.46
tretā-ādiṣu beginning from Tretā-yugaSB 7.14.39
asura-ādiṣu beginning with the asurasSB 8.16.14
brāhmaṇa-ādiṣu beginning with the brāhmaṇasSB 10.89.64
madhu-ādiṣu beginning with MadhuSB 12.11.32
dhyāna-ādite by processes beginning with meditationCC Madhya 20.343
ādriyan thankfully acknowledgingSB 10.35.8-11
advaita-ādi beginning with Advaita ĀcāryaCC Antya 2.41
ādya O Original personSB 3.5.48
ādya the original Personality of GodheadSB 8.17.8
adya beginning from todaySB 10.4.31
adya prabhṛti beginning from nowSB 10.73.18
ādya originalCC Adi 5.5
ādya originalCC Adi 5.56
ādya-avatāra the original incarnationCC Adi 5.82
ādya originalCC Adi 10.24
ādya-upānta from beginning to endCC Madhya 18.226
ādya-upānta from beginning to the endCC Madhya 20.65
tvam ādyaḥ You are the originalSB 1.7.23
ādyaḥ the originalSB 1.14.35-36
ādyaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 2.6.39
ādyaḥ originalSB 3.15.15
ādyaḥ the originSB 3.25.9
ādyaḥ originalSB 4.7.42
ādyaḥ originalSB 4.13.19-20
ādyaḥ the originalSB 4.24.63
ādyaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 4.30.7
ādyaḥ the original personSB 5.6.14
ādyaḥ the beginningSB 5.17.22-23
ādyaḥ the originalSB 6.1.3
janma-ādyāḥ beginning with birthSB 7.7.18
ādyaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 8.10.57
ādyāḥ beginning with the sun and followed by the other planetsSB 8.18.5
ādyāḥ beginning withSB 9.24.15
nanda-ādyāḥ beginning from Nanda MahārājaSB 10.1.61
ādyaḥ without beginningSB 10.14.23
ādyaḥ the ultimate origin of everythingSB 10.16.26
ādyaḥ originalSB 10.63.38
ādyaḥ the original personSB 10.72.15
ādyaḥ the original personSB 11.3.3
ādyaḥ originalSB 11.4.5
ādyāḥ beginning withSB 11.7.48
ādyaḥ the original causeSB 11.22.31
a-kāra-ādyāḥ beginning with the letter aSB 12.6.42
ādyaḥ originally (in ignorance)SB 12.8.48
ādyaḥ avatāraḥ the original incarnationCC Adi 5.83
ādyaḥ the original transcendental mellow, or conjugal loveCC Madhya 19.106
sarga-ādyāḥ bringing about creation, maintenance and annihilationCC Madhya 20.113
ādyaḥ avatāraḥ the original incarnationCC Madhya 20.267
māyā-ādyaiḥ beginning with the unmanifest stage of natureSB 12.11.5
ādyam originalBG 8.28
ādyam the originalBG 11.31
ādyam originalBG 11.47
ādyam originalBG 15.3-4
ādyam the originalSB 1.8.18
ādyam originalSB 3.7.22
ādyam the originalSB 3.8.3
ādyam the originalSB 3.24.16
ādyam originalSB 4.9.16
ādyam the originalSB 6.12.7
ādyam the original cause of everythingSB 8.3.20-21
ādyam the original cause of all causesSB 8.5.26
ādyam unto the original teacher of the universe (Lord Brahmā)SB 9.3.30
ādyam You are the original causeSB 10.3.24
ādyam originalSB 10.40.1
ādyam the originalSB 10.52.27
ādyam beginning withSB 10.61.5
ādyam the beginningBs 5.33
ādyāya unto the original living creatureSB 7.3.28
ādye before the beginning ofSB 1.6.2
ādye the original source of everything, the cause of all causesSB 7.6.25
ādye original, eternalSB 11.11.3
darpaṇa-ādye beginning in a mirrorCC Adi 4.144
ahaḥ-āgame at the beginning of the dayBG 8.18
āgata-sādhvasaḥ in the beginning becoming afraidSB 6.4.40
pretya-āgatam as if Kṛṣṇa had returned from death (no one could even imagine that from such danger a child could be saved)SB 10.6.43
yathā-āgatam just as they had originally comeSB 12.3.6
āge in the beginningCC Adi 4.54
āge in the beginningCC Adi 14.33
āge in the beginningCC Adi 17.84
āge haite from the very beginningCC Madhya 11.149
āge in the beginningCC Madhya 18.196
āge in the beginningCC Antya 19.87
buddhi-agocara beyond our imaginationCC Madhya 18.120
agrajān all his elder brothers, beginning from YaduSB 9.19.23
agre in the beginningBG 18.37
agre in the beginningBG 18.38
agre in the beginningBG 18.39
agre in the beginningSB 3.7.21
agre in the beginningSB 3.10.13
agre in the beginningSB 3.13.30
agre in the beginning, before the creationSB 6.4.47
agre in the beginningSB 8.1.14
agre in the beginningSB 8.6.10
agre in the beginningSB 10.3.14
agre in the beginningSB 10.87.37
ahaḥ-āgame at the beginning of the dayBG 8.18
āharat brought back to their original placesSB 9.20.31
ahiḥ revenging snakeSB 3.1.11
āhṛtam gathered by beggingSB 11.18.19
āhṛtya bringingSB 12.8.7-11
aiśvaram bringing understanding of God, or Kṛṣṇa consciousnessSB 6.5.18
ajaḥ unborn, beginninglessSB 8.1.13
ajaḥ Brahmā, the original prajāpatiSB 11.16.26
ājanma from the very beginning of his lifeCC Adi 10.74
ājanma from the very beginning of lifeCC Adi 12.13
ajara unagingSB 10.63.49
āji-mukhe in the very beginning of the battleSB 6.10.29
ākarṣiyā bringing him nearCC Antya 6.48
ākāśa-ādi beginning with the skyCC Madhya 19.233
akhila-devatā-ātmā the origin of all demigodsSB 8.7.26
akhila-sattva-dhāmni who are the original cause of all existence, from whom everything emanates and in whom all potencies resideSB 10.2.30
taṭa-stha-ākhya known as marginalCC Adi 2.103
taṭa-sthā-ākhya known as the marginal potencyCC Adi 5.45
akṛta beginninglessSB 10.16.49
ākṛtam the original source of gold (the gold mine)SB 8.12.8
akṣaram the original syllable, oṃkāraSB 8.7.25
ālola swingingBs 5.31
aṃśa-aṃśi-rūpe as the expansion and the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Adi 5.154
nimitta-aṃśe in the portion as the original causeCC Adi 6.17
aṃśa-aṃśi-rūpe as the expansion and the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Adi 5.154
sarva-aṃśī the original source of all of themCC Madhya 21.120
aṃśīte in the original source of all incarnationsCC Adi 6.99
anādeḥ of the beginninglessSB 3.11.38
anādi without beginningBG 11.19
anādi beginninglessBG 13.13
anādī without beginningBG 13.20
anādi-nidhanam without beginning and endSB 1.8.28
anādi without any beginningSB 2.6.40-41
anādi without beginningSB 2.10.34
anādi-saṃsāra-anubhavasya of the perception of the beginningless process of transmigrationSB 5.14.1
anādi beginninglessSB 10.77.32
anādi without beginningSB 11.3.8
anādi without beginningSB 11.16.1
anādi without beginningSB 11.22.10
anādi without beginningSB 12.4.15-19
anādi-anta-vatā without beginning or endSB 12.4.37
anādi who has no beginningSB 12.6.2
anādi beginninglessSB 12.11.29
anādi without beginningSB 12.11.50
anādiḥ without a beginningSB 3.26.3
anādiḥ without beginningSB 3.29.45
anādiḥ without beginningSB 4.11.19
anādiḥ without beginningSB 7.3.30
anādiḥ beginninglessSB 11.11.4
anādiḥ without beginningCC Adi 2.107
anādiḥ without beginningCC Madhya 8.137
anādiḥ without beginningCC Madhya 20.154
anādiḥ without beginningCC Madhya 21.35
anādiḥ without beginningBs 5.1
anādim without beginningBG 10.3
anādim without a beginningBs 5.33
ānāñā bringingCC Madhya 4.81
ānāna bringingCC Antya 18.72
anāryāḥ not belonging to the Āryans who strictly follow the Vedic principlesSB 5.15.1
ānayana-ādi of the bringing and other such tasksSB 5.10.21
ānayanam bringing himSB 1.7.43
ānayanam the bringing backSB 12.12.35
nṛtya-gīta-ādi-aneka-arhaiḥ by many varied means of worship, such as dancing and singingSB 10.13.51
ańga-pratimā the form of the Supreme Lord (there are many forms, but Kṛṣṇa is the original form)SB 10.12.39
ańga-ceṣṭāḥ engaging the bodily energyCC Madhya 11.29-30
kā stry ańga te ślokera of the verse beginning with the words kā stry ańga teCC Antya 20.132
ańghri-yugmam anukṛṣya dragging Their legsSB 10.8.22
ańguli on the fingers, beginning with the index fingerSB 6.8.7
āni' bringingCC Adi 8.76
āni' bringingCC Adi 9.9
āni' bringing from somewhereCC Adi 14.46
āni' bringingCC Adi 17.116
āni' bringing themCC Adi 17.132
āni' bringingCC Madhya 3.68
āni' bringingCC Madhya 3.104
āni' bringingCC Madhya 4.37
āni' bringingCC Madhya 4.74
āni' bringingCC Madhya 4.81
āni' bringingCC Madhya 4.99
āni' bringingCC Madhya 4.205
āni' bringingCC Madhya 5.85
āni' bringingCC Madhya 5.124
āni' bringingCC Madhya 5.153
āni' bringingCC Madhya 6.8
āni' bringingCC Madhya 6.10
āni bringingCC Madhya 6.35
prasāda āni' bringing jagannātha-prasādamCC Madhya 6.111
āni' bringingCC Madhya 7.9
āni' bringingCC Madhya 7.56
ghare āni' after bringing Him homeCC Madhya 7.122
āni' bringingCC Madhya 8.7
āni' bringingCC Madhya 9.206
āni bringing backCC Madhya 9.210
āni' bringingCC Madhya 9.248
āni' bringingCC Madhya 10.65
āni' bringingCC Madhya 11.78
āni' bringingCC Madhya 11.116
āni' bringingCC Madhya 12.55
āni' bringingCC Madhya 12.96
āni' bringingCC Madhya 12.99
jala āni' bringing waterCC Madhya 12.101
āni' bringingCC Madhya 12.179
āni' bringingCC Madhya 14.208
āni' bringingCC Madhya 14.210
āni bringingCC Madhya 14.212
āni' bringingCC Madhya 15.65
āni' bringingCC Madhya 15.87
āni' bringingCC Madhya 15.122
āni' bringingCC Madhya 16.30
āni' bringingCC Madhya 16.114-115
āni' bringing backCC Madhya 16.228
āni' bringingCC Madhya 17.59
āni' bringingCC Madhya 17.69
āni' bringingCC Madhya 18.153
dui putra āni' bringing his two sonsCC Madhya 19.108
kuśa-āsana āni' bringing straw mats for sittingCC Madhya 24.274
jala āni' bringing waterCC Madhya 24.275
āni' bringingCC Madhya 25.233
āni' bringingCC Antya 2.58
āni' bringingCC Antya 3.104
tāhā āni' bringing thatCC Antya 4.53
āni' bringing togetherCC Antya 4.218
āni' bringingCC Antya 5.77
mahāprabhu āni' bringing Śrī Caitanya MahāprabhuCC Antya 6.89
āni' bringingCC Antya 6.96
āni' bringingCC Antya 6.114
āni' bringingCC Antya 6.120
āni' bringingCC Antya 6.175
ghare āni' bringing homeCC Antya 6.317
āni' bringingCC Antya 9.18
āni' bringingCC Antya 10.35
āni' bringingCC Antya 10.108
āni' bringingCC Antya 10.140-141
āni' bringingCC Antya 11.54
āni' bringingCC Antya 13.7
āni' bringingCC Antya 13.48
āni' bringingCC Antya 14.49
āni' bringingCC Antya 16.12
āni' bringingCC Antya 16.128
āni' bringingCC Antya 17.24
āni' bringingCC Antya 17.35
āni' bringingCC Antya 19.62
ānibāre pāni for bringing waterCC Antya 6.299
vaśam ānīya bringing under controlSB 7.4.5-7
ānīya bringingSB 7.10.59
ānīya bringingSB 9.11.12
ānīya bringing themSB 10.13.4
ānīya bringingSB 10.41.44
ānīya bringingSB 10.51.10
ānīya bringingSB 10.54.53
ānīya bringingSB 10.71.39
ānīya bringingSB 10.86.5
āniyā bringingCC Adi 3.102
āniyā bringingCC Adi 14.24
āniyā bringingCC Adi 14.60
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 3.34
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 4.67
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 4.93
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 6.76
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 6.217
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 11.239
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 12.78
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 14.133
āniyā bringingCC Madhya 20.70
candana āniyā bringing sandalwood pulpCC Antya 6.96
āniyā bringingCC Antya 6.109
āniyā bringingCC Antya 18.102
āniyā yatane bringing very carefullyCC Antya 19.13
kalpa-anta in the beginning of the devastationSB 3.11.31
ādi-anta-vat everything material has a beginning and an endSB 5.10.11
ādi-anta in both the beginning and the endSB 6.16.36
ādi-anta-vantaḥ who all have a beginning and endSB 7.9.49
ādi-anta-vantaḥ possessing a beginning and endSB 11.14.11
ādi-anta-vat having a beginning and an endSB 11.28.9
ādi-anta-vat which has a beginning and an endSB 12.4.23
ādi-anta-vat subject to beginning and endSB 12.4.28
anādi-anta-vatā without beginning or endSB 12.4.37
kari' veśa-antara changing the dressCC Madhya 16.161
mānasottara-mervoḥ antaram the land between Mānasottara and Meru (beginning from the middle of Mount Sumeru)SB 5.20.35
jāti-antare belonging to a different species of lifeSB 5.8.26
anubhajan continuously engaging in devotional serviceSB 4.29.82
anubhava-ātmani which is always thought of (beginning from the lotus feet and gradually progressing upward)SB 6.2.41
anubhāvaḥ greatness in discharging devotional serviceSB 5.23.1
anādi-saṃsāra-anubhavasya of the perception of the beginningless process of transmigrationSB 5.14.1
brahma-sukha-anubhūtyā with Kṛṣṇa, the source of brahma-sukha (Kṛṣṇa is Parabrahman, and from Him originates His personal effulgence)SB 10.12.7-11
anugatiḥ beginningSB 2.8.13
anugāyadbhiḥ singing after HimSB 6.4.35-39
anugāyantam singingSB 6.1.58-60
anugāyat followed by the singing ofSB 9.6.45-46
anugraha-arthāya for the sake of obligingSB 1.12.16
ańghri-yugmam anukṛṣya dragging Their legsSB 10.8.22
anumāni we can imagineCC Madhya 8.116
anumāni I imagineCC Madhya 17.172
anumāni we can imagineCC Madhya 21.95
anumīyate can be imaginedSB 4.29.63
anupūrvaśaḥ from the beginningSB 2.8.24
anupūrvaśaḥ according to order, or from the beginning to the endSB 7.5.52
ānupūrvyeṇa the beginning to the endSB 2.8.29
ānupūrvyeṇa from beginning to endSB 3.10.2
jāta-anurāgāḥ experiencing a great longing or attractionSB 10.13.33
anusevayā bringing into useSB 1.1.15
anuvartayan engaging them properlySB 4.16.4
anvak following the dragging of KṛṣṇaSB 10.10.27
praśraya-anvitam very much obligingSB 1.12.15
apāṇi-pāda-śruti the śruti-mantra beginning apāni-pādaḥCC Madhya 6.150
pūrva-aparam the beginning and the endSB 10.9.13-14
dāra-apatya-ādayaḥ beginning with the wife and childrenSB 5.14.3
apratyūhya without bringing backSB 10.54.19-20
apratyūhya without bringing backSB 10.54.52
apunaḥ-bhavam merging into the SupremeSB 4.24.57
apunaḥ-bhavam merging into the Brahman effulgenceSB 4.30.34
apunaḥ-bhavam merging into the existence of the SupremeCC Madhya 22.55
ārabdhaḥ beginning fromSB 3.11.23
ārabdhaḥ beginningSB 4.23.4
ārabdhāḥ beginningSB 10.21.4
ārabhate beginsBG 3.7
ārabhate beginsSB 4.18.5
ārabhate begins to performSB 4.29.58
ārabhate beginsSB 4.29.60
ārabhate beginsSB 7.7.47
ārabheta should beginSB 6.19.2-3
ārabhya beginningSB 3.31.10
ārabhya beginningSB 5.1.26
ārabhya beginningSB 5.7.3
ārabhya beginningSB 7.1.18
ārabhya beginningSB 8.16.48
ārabhya beginningSB 9.13.1
tataḥ ārabhya beginning from that timeSB 10.5.18
ārabhya beginning fromSB 11.3.10
ārabhya beginning fromSB 12.2.26
ārabhyatām let it beginSB 10.24.25
ārādhaya just begin worshipingSB 4.8.19
ārambha beginningCC Adi 8.77
vidyā-ārambha the beginning of educationCC Adi 15.4
ārambha beginCC Adi 16.4
rāsa-ārambha-vidhau in the matter of beginning the rāsa danceCC Adi 17.293
ārambha beginningCC Madhya 6.120
ārambha beginningCC Madhya 9.253
ārambha beginningCC Madhya 11.213
ārambha the beginningCC Antya 1.35
divya-unmāda-ārambha the beginning of the spiritual trance of Śrī Caitanya MahāprabhuCC Antya 20.123
ārambhaḥ the beginning ofSB 2.8.7
stambha-ārambham the beginning of stupefactionCC Adi 4.202
ārambhana the beginningCC Madhya 25.147
ārambhe in the beginningCC Adi 1.20
grantha-ārambhe in the beginning of the bookCC Adi 13.6
kīrtana-ārambhe in the beginning of the sańkīrtanaCC Madhya 11.218
bhāgavata-ārambhe in the beginning of Śrīmad-BhāgavatamCC Madhya 20.358
ārambhe from the beginningCC Antya 3.183
ārambhe by the beginningCC Antya 3.185
arcā-ādau beginning with worship of the DeitySB 3.29.25
nṛtya-gīta-ādi-aneka-arhaiḥ by many varied means of worship, such as dancing and singingSB 10.13.51
artha-vādaḥ the imaginative interpretationSB 11.28.37
mukhya-artha the original meaningCC Madhya 25.25
bhāva-arthaḥ the original, unmanifested causal phase of material natureSB 10.14.57
bhikṣā-artham for begging almsSB 11.18.24
anugraha-arthāya for the sake of obligingSB 1.12.16
kalpanā-arthe because of imaginative meaningCC Madhya 6.132
arthinoḥ beggingSB 10.23.7
āryāḥ really belonging to the Āryan raceCC Madhya 11.192
āryāḥ really belonging to the Āryan raceCC Madhya 19.72
āryāḥ actually belonging to the Āryan raceCC Antya 16.27
kuśa-āsana āni' bringing straw mats for sittingCC Madhya 24.274
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what can be the benefit of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.17
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what is the use of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.19
asat-grahāt because of accepting the temporary body or bodily relations as real (thinking 'I am this body, and everything belonging to this body is mine')SB 7.5.5
asevayā by not engaging in the serviceSB 3.25.27
asmat unto us, beginning from Brahmā down to the insignificant antSB 2.7.23
mūla-āśraya original sourceCC Adi 2.105
mūla-āśraya original supportCC Adi 9.12
sarva-āśraya the origin of everything, or that which controls everythingCC Madhya 24.318
āśrayaḥ the original foundationSB 7.7.19-20
asṛṣṭa without dischargingSB 11.5.8
asthira-ātmanaḥ who is always restless and changingSB 7.2.7-8
nija-rūpam āsthitā remained in her original demoniac formSB 10.6.13
asura-ādiṣu beginning with the asurasSB 8.16.14
asure belonging to the asura communitySB 8.23.2
āśvāsya by encouraging activitiesSB 1.17.42
bhikṣā-aṭana begging from door to doorCC Antya 14.48
ātma-daḥ who can give us our original identitySB 4.31.13
ātmā the original sourceSB 7.6.20-23
ātma-svarūpeṇa by His original constitutional position as the SupersoulSB 7.6.20-23
ātmā the original source of lifeSB 7.7.49
ātma-mūlāya who are the original source of everythingSB 8.3.13
akhila-devatā-ātmā the origin of all demigodsSB 8.7.26
ātma-vatsakān the calves belonging to His own personal friendsSB 10.13.14
tat-tat-ātmā as originally different individual soulsSB 10.13.21
ātma of their original selves (as demigods)SB 10.85.55-56
gabhīra-ātmā not superficial, and thus unchangingSB 11.11.29-32
ātmā the original SelfSB 11.24.22-27
sarva-ātmā the original soul of allSB 11.27.48
ātma-tattvam the original SupersoulSB 12.12.67
vikāra-ātmakam changing from one type of thinking, feeling and willing to anotherSB 10.1.42
bhūta-indriya-ātmakam the original cause of the senses and the living beingsCC Madhya 25.36
ātmanā in Your original statusSB 10.87.14
asthira-ātmanaḥ who is always restless and changingSB 7.2.7-8
sāńkhya-ātmanaḥ the origin of all Vedic literaturesSB 8.7.30
ātmānam the Supersoul or origin of all soulsSB 5.20.5
ātmānam in Your original formSB 8.5.45
ātmane the originSB 4.24.34
ātmani unto Vāsudeva, the original personSB 5.6.6
anubhava-ātmani which is always thought of (beginning from the lotus feet and gradually progressing upward)SB 6.2.41
ātmani separately, in My original formSB 11.27.48
ātmārāma iti beginning with the word ātmārāmaCC Madhya 24.1
eka-ātmatām merging into onenessSB 3.25.34
atyāgraha kare strongly urging to accept the invitationCC Adi 7.57
autkaṇṭhya because of intense longingSB 5.7.12
autpattikī originalSB 11.10.14-16
āvahaḥ bringingSB 10.37.25
āvahaḥ bringingSB 10.47.28
āvahāḥ bringingSB 10.73.32
āvahaḥ bringingSB 11.8.27
āvahaḥ bringingSB 11.8.37
āvahaḥ bringingSB 11.10.12
sukha-āvaham bringing happinessSB 3.12.18
sukha-āvaham bringing happinessSB 3.23.14-15
āvaham bringingSB 10.88.21
āvahan bringingSB 10.28.9
āvahan bringingSB 10.65.17
avahāni bringingMM 26
avāk-śirāḥ with his head hanging downwardSB 9.7.5-6
avalambatī hanging onSB 11.8.25-26
prathama-avasare in the beginning of the dayCC Madhya 15.5
bhūta-āvāsāya who are the shelter of the material elements (beginning with the ethereal sky)SB 10.16.39
avaśeṣitam the remaining balance (after the material elements are merged, one after another, into the original Supersoul)SB 7.12.31
ādya-avatāra the original incarnationCC Adi 5.82
ādyaḥ avatāraḥ the original incarnationCC Adi 5.83
ādyaḥ avatāraḥ the original incarnationCC Madhya 20.267
avatārī the original sourceCC Adi 5.78
avatārī the original source of all incarnationsCC Adi 5.127
āveśya engagingSB 3.10.4
āveśya engagingSB 6.5.22
avikāri unchangingSB 3.29.20
avikriyāt who are unchanging in Your spiritual situationSB 10.3.19
avikṛte unchangingSB 11.4.9
aviniściteṣu in species of indeterminate origin (born from perspiration)SB 11.3.39
āviriñcyān beginning from the topmost planetSB 9.5.25
āviriñcyāt beginning from Lord Brahmā (down to the small ant)SB 7.9.24
aviśvam not belonging to the destructible material worldCC Madhya 25.36
avyākṛtam the unmanifest original form of natureSB 12.4.15-19
avyakta-ādīni in the beginning unmanifestedBG 2.28
avyakta-bandho O my Lord, You are the inaugurator of the unmanifested (the original mahat-tattva or prakṛti)SB 10.3.26
ayācita-vṛtti accustomed to avoid beggingCC Madhya 4.123
ayācita without beggingCC Madhya 4.123
ayācitam obtained without begging from anyone elseSB 7.11.18-20
āyamya bringing under controlSB 10.49.25
ayanaḥ bringingSB 10.84.37
ayane on the day when the sun begins to move north, or Makara-sańkrānti, and on the day when the sun begins to move south, or Karkaṭa-sańkrāntiSB 7.14.20-23
ayaśaskaraḥ who is bringing defamationSB 7.5.16
naḍa-baḍe hangingCC Antya 18.53
bahvodaḥ giving up all material activities and engaging fully in transcendental serviceSB 3.12.43
bal bal go on singing, go on singingCC Antya 15.91
bal bal go on singing, go on singingCC Antya 15.91
ā-bāla-vṛddha beginning from the children up to the old personsCC Madhya 4.83
balāya the origin of bodily strengthSB 5.18.25
bālya haite from the very beginning of my childhoodCC Madhya 24.253
jaladhi-bandhanam bridging the oceanSB 9.11.20
bāndhi' packagingCC Antya 10.23
avyakta-bandho O my Lord, You are the inaugurator of the unmanifested (the original mahat-tattva or prakṛti)SB 10.3.26
svayam-bhagavān is the original Personality of GodheadCC Adi 1.42
bhagavān the original Personality of GodheadCC Adi 5.79
svayam bhagavān the original Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 17.79
bhagavān the original Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 21.34
svayam bhagavān the original Supreme Personality of Godhead, KṛṣṇaCC Madhya 24.285
svayam-bhagavānera of the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Adi 4.8
bhāgavata-ārambhe in the beginning of Śrīmad-BhāgavatamCC Madhya 20.358
bhagavattā of the quality of being the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Adi 4.67
bhaikṣya by begging alms just to maintain the bodySB 7.15.30
bhaikṣya by his beggingSB 11.23.35
bhaikṣyam by beggingBG 2.5
bhaikṣyam food that is collected by beggingSB 11.17.28
bhaikṣyam beggingSB 11.18.25
bhaikṣyam alms obtained by beggingSB 12.8.7-11
kṛṣṇa-bhajane in discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.66
kṛṣṇa-bhajane in discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.67
bhajanera yogya fit for discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.66
bhakti-yuktena by discharging devotional serviceSB 3.24.47
bhakti-adhikārī eligible for discharging transcendental loving service to the LordCC Madhya 22.64
kṛṣṇa-bhaktye in discharging devotional service to KṛṣṇaCC Madhya 22.49
bhaktye jīvan-mukta persons liberated in this life by discharging devotional serviceCC Madhya 24.130
bhārgī-nadī in the small river of the name BhārgīnadīCC Madhya 5.141
bhāṣya-svarūpa as the original commentaryCC Madhya 25.97
bhava-bhāvam who is the origin of the material creationSB 5.17.18
loka-bhava O origin of all planetsSB 8.7.26
bhāva-arthaḥ the original, unmanifested causal phase of material natureSB 10.14.57
bhavaḥ the originSB 3.26.23-24
ādi-bhavaḥ Lord Brahmā, the original living creature within this universeSB 7.3.22
apunaḥ-bhavam merging into the SupremeSB 4.24.57
apunaḥ-bhavam merging into the Brahman effulgenceSB 4.30.34
bhava-bhāvam who is the origin of the material creationSB 5.17.18
apunaḥ-bhavam merging into the existence of the SupremeCC Madhya 22.55
bhūta-bhāvana O origin of everythingBG 10.15
bhavana the original sourceCC Madhya 14.221
bhūta-bhāvanaḥ who is the original cause of the cosmic manifestationSB 4.14.19
viśva-bhāvanaḥ the original cause of all cosmic manifestationsSB 6.10.1
bhāvanaḥ the originSB 10.51.35
bhavanti they originateBs 5.51
bhāvayet imaginesSB 11.15.23
bhāvayitā Maru will begin by begetting a sonSB 9.12.6
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what can be the benefit of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.17
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what is the use of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.19
bhaviṣyati will beginSB 12.2.23
nija-dharma-bhāvite being situated in one's original constitutional positionSB 4.8.22
kula-bheda-kara who are bringing about a disruption in the familySB 7.8.5
bhikṣā-artham for begging almsSB 11.18.24
bhikṣā beggingCC Adi 12.35
bhikṣā lāgi' for begging almsCC Antya 6.219
bhikṣā lāgi' for beggingCC Antya 6.282
bhikṣā-aṭana begging from door to doorCC Antya 14.48
bhikṣām charity obtained by beggingSB 11.18.18
bhikṣām begging almsCC Madhya 23.27
bhikṣamāṇāya beggingSB 6.10.4
bhikṣāra lāgiyā for begging some almsCC Antya 6.214
bhikṣavaḥ prone to beggingSB 12.3.33
bhikṣitvā after beggingSB 8.23.19
bhikṣoḥ for a sannyāsī who lived by begging almsSB 7.15.38-39
bhikṣu of beggingSB 10.47.18
bhū originatingSB 10.14.14
catur-bhuje unto the four-handed original NārāyaṇaSB 1.9.30
bhūmeḥ belonging to the earthSB 10.64.12
bhūńimāli-jāti belonging to the bhūńimāli casteCC Antya 16.14
bhūta-bhāvana O origin of everythingBG 10.15
bhūta-ādiḥ the false ego (origin of the material elements)SB 3.20.13
bhūta-bhāvanaḥ who is the original cause of the cosmic manifestationSB 4.14.19
bhūta-nilayam the original source of all living entitiesSB 8.1.11
bhūta-ādau in the false ego, the origin of material existenceSB 9.7.25-26
bhūta-āvāsāya who are the shelter of the material elements (beginning with the ethereal sky)SB 10.16.39
bhūta-ādim in the original false egoSB 11.24.22-27
bhūta-indriya-ātmakam the original cause of the senses and the living beingsCC Madhya 25.36
paramātma-bhūtaḥ the origin of all causesCC Madhya 25.37
mithunī-bhūya engaging in sex lifeSB 4.29.54
bibhratī bringing forthCC Antya 1.150
bīja the seed or original cause of material existenceSB 7.7.36
bīja and the original seed of suchSB 12.6.68
bīja-ādi beginning from the seed (i.e., from the time of conception)SB 12.7.20
ādi-bījāya who is the origin or root cause of everythingSB 8.3.2
ā-brahma beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 5.14.29
brahma mantras beginning with oṃ (such as oṃ tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ sadā paśyanti sūrayaḥ)SB 6.5.26
brahma-ādayaḥ beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 6.9.21
brahma-ādayaḥ the demigods, beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 7.5.13
brahma-ādayaḥ beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 7.8.7
brahmā-ādayaḥ the demigods, beginning with Brahmā, Śiva, Indra and CandraSB 8.3.30
brahma-sukha-anubhūtyā with Kṛṣṇa, the source of brahma-sukha (Kṛṣṇa is Parabrahman, and from Him originates His personal effulgence)SB 10.12.7-11
brahma-ādīnām beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 12.4.35
brahma-ādi beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 12.6.67
brahma-prasūtānām born originally from BrahmāSB 12.7.16
brahma-sāyujya of merging into the Supreme BrahmanCC Adi 5.31
brahma-sāyujya-mukti merging into the Brahman effulgenceCC Madhya 6.264-265
brahma-sāyujya merging into the Brahman effulgenceCC Madhya 6.269
prāpta-brahma-laya as good as merging into the impersonal BrahmanCC Madhya 24.109
brahmā-ādi beginning from Lord BrahmāCC Madhya 24.307
brahma-ādi jīva all living entities, beginning from Lord BrahmāCC Antya 3.251
brahmā-ādi-devera of the demigods, beginning with Lord BrahmāCC Antya 5.75
brahmā-śiva-ādika demigods, beginning from Lord Brahmā and ŚivaCC Antya 8.2
brahma-ādi beginning from Lord BrahmāBs 5.53
brahmacaryam continence or abstaining from misuse of one's semen (not indulging in sex with women other than one's own wife and not having sex with one's own wife when sex is forbidden, like during the period of menstruation)SB 7.11.8-12
brāhmaṇa-ādiṣu beginning with the brāhmaṇasSB 10.89.64
brāhmaṇa belonging to the brāhmaṇa communityCC Madhya 19.254
brahmaṇi the origin of impersonal BrahmanSB 4.23.10
buddhi-agocara beyond our imaginationCC Madhya 18.120
ku-buddhi intelligence not favorable to discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.65
madhyataḥ ca also in the middle (the duration between the beginning and end)SB 7.9.30
nṛtya-vāditra-gītaiḥ ca by dancing, playing various musical instruments, and singing songsSB 8.21.6-7
sarva-upakaraṇāni ca then all sorts of necessities and whatever belongings they hadSB 10.11.31-32
ādā-cāki ground gingerCC Antya 2.108
cakra-ādi of weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.221
cakra-ādi beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.222
cakra-ādi-dhāraṇa holding of the weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.223
cakra-ādi-dhāraṇa the holding of weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.237
sarva-adbhuta-camatkāra bringing wonder to allCC Madhya 23.82-83
candana āniyā bringing sandalwood pulpCC Antya 6.96
pāda cāpi' massaging the legsCC Antya 19.73
carataḥ engagingSB 10.87.14
cāri-janera of the original of the four expansionsCC Madhya 20.194
catur-bhuje unto the four-handed original NārāyaṇaSB 1.9.30
ādi-catur-vyūha the original quadruple groupCC Madhya 20.189
ańga-ceṣṭāḥ engaging the bodily energyCC Madhya 11.29-30
chala imaginary interpretationsCC Madhya 6.177
yācñā-chalena by a trick of beggingSB 5.24.23
yācñā-chalena on the excuse of begging for charitySB 11.4.20
chandāṃsi adhyāpayiṣyan desiring to teach him Vedic mantras during the months beginning with Śrāvaṇa or during the period of CāturmāsyaSB 5.9.5
ātma-daḥ who can give us our original identitySB 4.31.13
ādi-daityau demons in the beginning of creationSB 3.17.16
daivī belonging to the Supreme LordCC Madhya 20.121
daivī belonging to the Supreme LordCC Madhya 22.23
daivī belonging to the Supreme LordCC Madhya 24.138
dakṣa-ādayaḥ beginning with DakṣaSB 5.5.21-22
dāra-apatya-ādayaḥ beginning with the wife and childrenSB 5.14.3
darpaṇa-ādye beginning in a mirrorCC Adi 4.144
deha-tyāga-ādi beginning with giving up the material bodyCC Antya 4.57
ādi-devaḥ the original Supreme GodBG 11.38
ādi-devaḥ the original Lord, or nondifferent from the original Supreme Personality of GodheadSB 5.25.6
ādi-devaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 11.4.3
ādi-devaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 11.4.8
devaḥ the original demigodSB 11.13.19
ādi-devaḥ the original puruṣa incarnationCC Adi 1.9
ādi-devaḥ the original puruṣa incarnationCC Adi 5.50
ādi-devam the original LordBG 10.12-13
ādi-devam the origin of all the demigodsSB 7.6.17-18
akhila-devatā-ātmā the origin of all demigodsSB 8.7.26
para-devatāyām the origin of all demigodsSB 5.7.6
ādi-devāya who are the original Personality of GodheadSB 8.16.34
brahmā-ādi-devera of the demigods, beginning with Lord BrahmāCC Antya 5.75
sva-dhāmnaḥ who is His own originSB 12.6.40-41
akhila-sattva-dhāmni who are the original cause of all existence, from whom everything emanates and in whom all potencies resideSB 10.2.30
veṣa-dhāraṇa changing the dressCC Madhya 3.8
cakra-ādi-dhāraṇa holding of the weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.223
cakra-ādi-dhāraṇa the holding of weapons, beginning with the discCC Madhya 20.237
nija-dharma-bhāvite being situated in one's original constitutional positionSB 4.8.22
dharma-ādibhyaḥ to the demigods, beginning with YamarājaSB 11.27.38-41
sva-dharmeṇa by discharging devotional serviceSB 5.24.18
jayati te 'dhikam beginning with the words jayati te 'dhikamCC Madhya 14.8
rūpa-dhṛk possessing the form (of his original Gandharva position)SB 8.4.3-4
dhruva O unchanging oneSB 10.87.30
sandhyā-dhūpa dhūpa-ārati just in the beginning of the eveningCC Madhya 11.214
dhyāna-ādite by processes beginning with meditationCC Madhya 20.343
dīkṣāyāḥ beginning with the initiation for a sacrificeSB 10.23.8
se divasa haite beginning from that dayCC Madhya 25.18
divya-unmāda-ārambha the beginning of the spiritual trance of Śrī Caitanya MahāprabhuCC Antya 20.123
dṛśya-guṇeṣu among the visible objects, beginning with the bodySB 10.3.18
meru-ādi-giri-duhitaraḥ daughters of the mountains beginning with MeruSB 5.17.10
duḥsvapna-ādi beginning with sleeping badly at nightSB 8.4.15
dui putra āni' bringing his two sonsCC Madhya 19.108
ei dui lakṣaṇe by these two characteristics, namely svarūpa (personal) and taṭastha (marginal) symptomsCC Madhya 20.358
gańgā-dvāram to Hardwar (hari-dvāra), the doorway to Hari (because the Ganges begins there, Hardwar is also called gańgā-dvāra)SB 6.2.39
stana-dvayāt beginning from the breastSB 2.5.39
dvijaiḥ by them (upon her lodging a complaint with the brāhmaṇas)SB 9.18.3
ei dui lakṣaṇe by these two characteristics, namely svarūpa (personal) and taṭastha (marginal) symptomsCC Madhya 20.358
eka-ātmatām merging into onenessSB 3.25.34
eka-rasam unchangingSB 10.87.19
śrī-vaiṣṇava eka a devotee belonging to the Rāmānuja-sampradāyaCC Madhya 9.82
eka-vapu the same original formCC Madhya 20.167
ekaḥ originally oneSB 3.26.42
ekarase whose experience of spiritual ecstasy is unchangingSB 10.87.37
etaiḥ by all these (witnesses, beginning from the sun-god)SB 6.1.43
eteṣu on these mountains, beginning with MandaraSB 5.16.12
tailańgī-gābhī-gaṇa cows belonging to the Tailańga districtCC Antya 17.12
gabhīra-ātmā not superficial, and thus unchangingSB 11.11.29-32
prathama gamana the beginning of the tourCC Madhya 7.151
gāna singingCC Adi 2.2
tārkika-ādi-gaṇa all persons, beginning with the logiciansCC Adi 7.35
gāna singingCC Madhya 11.221
ucca-gāna loud singingCC Madhya 12.141
gāna the singingCC Madhya 13.164
gāna the singingCC Madhya 13.167
svarūpera gāna and singing by Svarūpa DāmodaraCC Madhya 14.231
gāna kari' after singingCC Madhya 14.234
gāna singingCC Antya 2.157
gāna-nṛtya singing and dancingCC Antya 14.39
gāna singingCC Antya 14.56
tailańgī-gābhī-gaṇa cows belonging to the Tailańga districtCC Antya 17.12
gāna singingCC Antya 18.6
gandharva belonging to the GandharvalokaSB 4.27.13
gandharva-puram an imaginary city in the forestSB 5.13.7
gandharvāḥ demigods known for their singingSB 10.71.29
gandharvān the residents of the Gandharva planet, who are very beautiful and are expert in singingSB 2.3.2-7
gańgā-dvāram to Hardwar (hari-dvāra), the doorway to Hari (because the Ganges begins there, Hardwar is also called gańgā-dvāra)SB 6.2.39
gāńthi' stringing togetherCC Adi 4.40
gāńthi stringingCC Adi 17.32
yajña-vāstu-gatam things belonging to the sacrificial arenaSB 9.4.8
gāya is singingCC Adi 13.107
gāya were singingCC Madhya 13.45
strī gāya' a woman is singingCC Antya 13.83
gāyadbhiḥ who were singingCC Madhya 13.207
gāyakau the two of Them (Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma) singingSB 10.18.13
gāyamānaḥ singing constantlySB 1.6.32
gāyamānau Themselves singingSB 10.21.8
gāyamāne while singingSB 3.15.18
gāyan singingSB 1.6.38
gāyan by singingSB 2.7.41
gāyan singingSB 3.2.34
gāyan singingSB 5.14.38
gāyan singing the glories of other demigods rather than those of the LordSB 7.15.72
gāyan singingSB 10.18.7
gāyan singingSB 10.47.54
gāyan singingSB 11.2.39
gāyan singingSB 11.11.23-24
gāyana singingCC Adi 7.41
gāyana singingCC Madhya 1.54
gāyanam the singingSB 3.31.42
gāyantaḥ continuously singingCC Madhya 25.130
gāyantam singingSB 10.67.9-10
gāyante are singingCC Madhya 24.177
gāyanti are singingSB 5.2.9
gāyantībhiḥ who were singingSB 10.46.9-13
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.22.7
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.24.34
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.25.33
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.30.4
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.30.43
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.33.7
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.33.14
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.47.9-10
gāyantyaḥ singingSB 10.53.42-43
gāyantyām while his wife was singingSB 4.25.57-61
gāyasi are singingSB 10.47.14
gāyat singingSB 8.15.12
gāyata please go on singingSB 1.19.15
gāyataḥ singingSB 10.15.15
gāyataḥ and singingSB 11.22.53
gāyatām singingSB 8.8.26
gāyatī singingSB 2.9.14
gāyatī singingSB 10.33.13
gāyatoḥ singingSB 10.34.25
gāyatsu when they are singingSB 10.15.10-12
haridāsa gāyena Junior Haridāsa was singingCC Antya 2.153-154
ghaṇṭāya with ringing bellsCC Madhya 14.110
ghare āni' after bringing Him homeCC Madhya 7.122
ghare āni' bringing homeCC Antya 6.317
ghāyayitvā arranging to be killedSB 10.26.11
sa-ghṛṇam begging for compassionSB 11.4.9
meru-ādi-giri-duhitaraḥ daughters of the mountains beginning with MeruSB 5.17.10
madhura-gīta by the sweet singingSB 5.25.7
kala-gīta from the choral singingSB 8.15.20
vāditra-gīta different varieties of music and singingSB 10.7.4
nṛtya-gīta-ādi-aneka-arhaiḥ by many varied means of worship, such as dancing and singingSB 10.13.51
gīta singingSB 10.35.20-21
gīta with singingSB 10.81.24
gīta by singingSB 10.90.12
gītā singingSB 11.27.35
gīta with singingSB 11.29.11
gīta singingCC Madhya 1.110
nṛtya-gīta dancing and singingCC Madhya 9.249
śunāya gīta he was singingCC Antya 2.149
gīta singingCC Antya 2.155
gīta singingCC Antya 10.47
gītaiḥ and by singingSB 8.16.57
nṛtya-vāditra-gītaiḥ ca by dancing, playing various musical instruments, and singing songsSB 8.21.6-7
gītaiḥ by singing celestial songsSB 10.12.34
upadeva-gītakaiḥ with singing by the secondary demigods like the GandharvasSB 8.15.21
su-gītam the art of singing sweet songsSB 4.15.19
gītam the singingSB 10.34.24
gītam the singingSB 10.35.8-11
veṇu-gīte the singing of the bambooCC Adi 4.251
gīte while singingCC Adi 11.19
nṛtya-gīte in singing and dancingCC Antya 5.13
gītena by the singingSB 10.33.8
gītvā singingSB 7.8.54
gocarāḥ ranging aboutSB 10.61.35
goloka-sthāne in the original Goloka Vṛndāvana planetCC Madhya 20.397
gopa-jāti belonging to the cowherd communityCC Madhya 9.135
gopa-jāti belonging to the community of cowherd boysCC Antya 6.75
govindam ādi-puruṣam Lord Govinda, the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 20.304
grahaṇa-ādibhiḥ beginning with chantingSB 6.3.22
asat-grahāt because of accepting the temporary body or bodily relations as real (thinking 'I am this body, and everything belonging to this body is mine')SB 7.5.5
graiṣma-vāsantikān for four months, beginning with Caitra, on the fifteenth of MaySB 5.9.5
grantha-ārambhe in the beginning of the bookCC Adi 13.6
gṛha-kṛtyeṣu in discharging household affairsSB 10.8.30
gudataḥ beginning from the anusSB 10.72.43
gujjarī-rāgiṇī the gujjarī mode of singingCC Antya 13.79
dṛśya-guṇeṣu among the visible objects, beginning with the bodySB 10.3.18
ādi-guruḥ the original spiritual masterSB 10.16.26
śrī-gurūn unto the spiritual masters in the paramparā system, beginning from Mādhavendra Purī down to Śrīla Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī ṭhākura PrabhupādaCC Antya 2.1
śrī-gurūn unto the spiritual masters in the paramparā system, beginning from Mādhavendra Purī down to Śrīla Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī ṭhākura PrabhupādaCC Antya 3.1
loka-guruṇā by the original teacher of all people, Lord BrahmāSB 4.19.39
sandhyā ha-ite beginning from the eveningCC Antya 3.127
āge haite from the very beginningCC Madhya 11.149
tāńhā haite from that original catur-vyūhaCC Madhya 20.193
sūrya-udaya haite beginning from the sunriseCC Madhya 20.389
bālya haite from the very beginning of my childhoodCC Madhya 24.253
se divasa haite beginning from that dayCC Madhya 25.18
prātaḥ-kāla haite beginning from the morningCC Antya 2.59
śiśu-kāla haite from the beginning of childhoodCC Antya 4.30
harer nāma-ślokera of the verse beginning harer nāma harer nāmaCC Madhya 25.29
haridāsa gāyena Junior Haridāsa was singingCC Antya 2.153-154
harṣa-ādi beginning with jubilationCC Antya 15.86
krośa-sañjāta-hāsaḥ after this, when the head of the house is angry, Kṛṣṇa begins to smileSB 10.8.29
jāta-hāsāḥ beginning to laughSB 10.22.12
hāsyam indulging in ridiculeSB 11.25.2-5
hetavaḥ the original causesSB 5.25.9
hetave the original causeSB 8.16.30
yoga-hetave the original master of all mystic powerSB 8.16.33
kartā-hetu the original causeCC Adi 5.62
nimitta-hetu original causeCC Adi 5.63
nimitta-hetu original causeCC Adi 6.14-15
hetubhiḥ with explanations about the originsSB 10.49.15
hetum the original causeSB 5.5.9
hetutvāt because of originatingSB 10.54.46
hīna-sampradāya belonging to a lower spiritual schoolCC Adi 7.64
hiraṇmayam the original source for the emanation of varieties of material thingsCC Madhya 20.274
hiraṇya-retasaḥ to the original fireSB 6.9.42
hoḍa kari' challengingCC Adi 4.142
īhamānaḥ engaging in such activitiesSB 8.1.14
bhūta-indriya-ātmakam the original cause of the senses and the living beingsCC Madhya 25.36
ińkhana swingingSB 10.44.15
iṣṭā-pūrtam the performance of sacrifice and public welfare activities such as digging wells or planting treesSB 11.12.1-2
īśvara-mūrti original form as the LordCC Madhya 1.101
īśvara-sāyujya merging into the body of the LordCC Madhya 6.269
sandhyā ha-ite beginning from the eveningCC Antya 3.127
ātmārāma iti beginning with the word ātmārāmaCC Madhya 24.1
pūrva-ja O original Personality of GodheadSB 7.10.26
śrī-jagamohana the place between the original temple and the kīrtana hallCC Madhya 12.83
jagat-ādiḥ the origin of creationSB 3.26.50
jagat-ādiḥ the original cause of material creationSB 8.7.25
jagat-kāraṇa is the original cause of material creationCC Madhya 20.268
jala nite for bringing waterCC Madhya 4.30
jala āni' bringing waterCC Madhya 12.101
jala āni' bringing waterCC Madhya 24.275
jaladhi-bandhanam bridging the oceanSB 9.11.20
jambū-ādiṣu beginning with JambūSB 5.1.33
cāri-janera of the original of the four expansionsCC Madhya 20.194
janma-ādyāḥ beginning with birthSB 7.7.18
janmanā from the very beginning of his birthSB 4.13.7
janmanā from the very beginning of birthSB 7.10.8
jāta-anurāgāḥ experiencing a great longing or attractionSB 10.13.33
jāta-hāsāḥ beginning to laughSB 10.22.12
jāti-antare belonging to a different species of lifeSB 5.8.26
mleccha-jāti belonging to the meat-eater casteCC Madhya 1.197
gopa-jāti belonging to the cowherd communityCC Madhya 9.135
rājaputa-jāti belonging to the kṣatriya classCC Madhya 18.82
gopa-jāti belonging to the community of cowherd boysCC Antya 6.75
puruṣa-jāti belonging to the male classCC Antya 15.37
strī-jāti belonging to the class of womenCC Antya 15.38
bhūńimāli-jāti belonging to the bhūńimāli casteCC Antya 16.14
nīca-jāti belonging to a lower casteCC Antya 16.29
puruṣa-jāti belonging to the male classCC Antya 16.144
nija-jāti as belonging to the same familyCC Antya 16.148
jātibhiḥ or by belonging to a certain class of societySB 11.2.51
jayati te 'dhikam beginning with the words jayati te 'dhikamCC Madhya 14.8
jihvā-ādau beginning with the tongueCC Madhya 17.136
jihvā-lāmpaṭya indulging in satisfying the tongueCC Antya 8.85
jīva-saṃjñitaḥ who is also known as the living entity, since the living entities are expansions of His marginal energySB 7.7.49
jīva-śakti marginal potency, or living entitiesCC Madhya 8.151
jīva-śakti marginal potencyCC Madhya 20.149
brahma-ādi jīva all living entities, beginning from Lord BrahmāCC Antya 3.251
bhaktye jīvan-mukta persons liberated in this life by discharging devotional serviceCC Madhya 24.130
jīvera svabhāva the original characteristic of all living entitiesCC Madhya 24.201
jīvitam the bringing to lifeSB 10.72.40
sei jñāna that original consciousnessCC Madhya 24.201
kṣetra-jñataḥ from the original Supreme Personality of GodheadSB 5.11.11
juṣamāṇaḥ engaging inSB 11.20.27-28
juṣan engagingSB 11.3.2
juṣan engaging withSB 11.6.17
juṣan engaging withSB 11.23.44
jyotiṣaḥ from the original element fireSB 12.4.24
kā stry ańga te ślokera of the verse beginning with the words kā stry ańga teCC Antya 20.132
ādi-kacchapaḥ as the supreme original tortoiseSB 8.7.10
kaḥ Brahmā, the original living creatureSB 3.6.19
kaiśore the beginning of youthCC Madhya 19.103
kaivalya-pate O bestower of merging in the existence of the LordSB 4.20.23
kaivalya-ādi like liberation or merging into the Brahman effulgenceSB 10.6.34
kala-gīta from the choral singingSB 8.15.20
prātaḥ-kāla haite beginning from the morningCC Antya 2.59
śiśu-kāla haite from the beginning of childhoodCC Antya 4.30
ṣoḍaśa-kalāya whose parts are the sixteen original ingredients of creation (namely the five objects of the senses and the eleven senses, including the mind)SB 5.18.18
kalpa-ādau in the beginning of the millenniumBG 9.7
kalpa-anta in the beginning of the devastationSB 3.11.31
kalpanā imaginationSB 2.5.42
kalpanā the imagined ideaSB 11.22.11
kalpanā kariyā by imaginationCC Adi 7.133
kalpanā-arthe because of imaginative meaningCC Madhya 6.132
kalpanā imaginingCC Madhya 6.134
kalpanā imaginationCC Madhya 6.172
kalpanā imaginationCC Madhya 6.179
kalpanā imaginationCC Madhya 6.180
kalpanā imaginationCC Madhya 25.26
ku-kalpanā mischievous imaginationCC Madhya 25.42
ā-kalpāt from the very beginning of Lord Brahmā's daySB 10.87.6
kalpate can be imaginedSB 10.6.34
kalpate one imaginesCC Madhya 8.40
kalpayan in this way arrangingSB 9.2.11-13
kalpayantam so arrangingSB 10.69.32
kalpayanti imagineSB 2.5.36
kalpayiṣyanti will imagineSB 5.15.1
kalpayitvā after arrangingSB 8.9.20
kalpayitvā imagining itSB 10.47.11
kalpayitvā having imaginedSB 11.27.25-26
kalpena he imaginesCC Madhya 6.179
kalpita-viṣayaḥ the subject matter is imaginedSB 5.13.26
kalpitā imaginedSB 5.18.33
kalpita imaginativeCC Adi 7.136
kalpita imaginedCC Adi 17.170
sva-kalpita imaginativeCC Madhya 6.138
kalpita imaginedCC Madhya 6.176
ācārya-kalpita imagined by ŚańkarācāryaCC Madhya 25.27
kalpita imaginaryCC Madhya 25.42
kalpita vyākhyāna imaginary explanationsCC Madhya 25.88
kalpita imaginedCC Antya 2.99
kalpita imaginaryCC Antya 8.50
kalpitaḥ is imaginedSB 1.3.3
kalpitaḥ it is so imagined or saidSB 2.5.38
kalpitaḥ imaginedSB 2.5.42
kalpitaḥ imaginedSB 2.5.42
kalpitāḥ imaginedSB 5.12.9
kalpitaḥ imaginedSB 6.15.8
kalpitaiḥ imaginedCC Madhya 6.181
śūnya-kalpitam imagined to be void by less intelligent menSB 9.9.49
kalpitānām which are imaginedCC Adi 2.21
kamala-nābhāya unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, from whose abdomen the original lotus flower originatedSB 4.30.25
kāmayamānānām of those passionately longing forSB 3.20.32
kaṇṭha-svare in his original voiceCC Antya 2.153-154
niṣka-kaṇṭhyaḥ and having little keys and lockets hanging from their necksSB 10.5.11
kanyānām of the unmarried virginsSB 12.12.39
kula-bheda-kara who are bringing about a disruption in the familySB 7.8.5
a-kāra-ādyāḥ beginning with the letter aSB 12.6.42
pāka karāila engaging in cookingCC Madhya 19.87
vaṣaṭ-kāram the mantra beginning with the word vaṣaṭSB 9.1.15
kāraṇa who is the original cause of creationSB 10.40.17-18
parama kāraṇa original causeCC Adi 5.54
nimitta kāraṇa the original causeCC Adi 6.16
mukhya kāraṇa the original causeCC Adi 6.20
madhyāhna karāñā after arranging for His bathCC Madhya 19.84
jagat-kāraṇa is the original cause of material creationCC Madhya 20.268
karāñā bringing aboutCC Antya 20.53
upayukta-karaṇaḥ engaging all the senses of the body by burningSB 9.2.14
kāraṇam the origin ofSB 3.14.29
kāraṇam He is the original causeCC Madhya 8.137
phala-kāraṇam the origin of the resultCC Antya 1.91
kārya-kāraṇe the original cause of all effectsSB 5.18.5
atyāgraha kare strongly urging to accept the invitationCC Adi 7.57
karena pralāpana begins talking like a crazy manCC Antya 19.33
hoḍa kari' challengingCC Adi 4.142
gāna kari' after singingCC Madhya 14.234
kari' veśa-antara changing the dressCC Madhya 16.161
mādhu-karī begging little by little, like honeybeesCC Madhya 19.128
sahasra-śīrṣā-ādi kari' by the Vedic hymns beginning with sahasra-śīrṣā (ṛg Veda-saṃhitā 10.90.1)CC Madhya 20.292
kari' samādhāna after arrangingCC Antya 12.142
kariba pāka I shall begin cookingCC Antya 2.57
kūṭa-kāriṇaḥ indulging in cheatingSB 12.3.35
kalpanā kariyā by imaginationCC Adi 7.133
vibhāga kariyā dividing the original ideaCC Antya 1.125
karma-vaiṣamyam discrepancy in discharging fruitive activitiesSB 8.23.15
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what can be the benefit of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.17
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what is the use of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.19
karmaṇi in discharging fruitive activitiesSB 9.4.3
karmasu in discharging dutiesBG 6.17
karmasu engaging them in executing Your missionSB 10.10.38
karṣantī draggingSB 10.30.16
ādi-kartā the original doerSB 11.4.4
kartā-hetu the original causeCC Adi 5.62
kartṛtva engineeringSB 2.10.45
kārya-kāraṇe the original cause of all effectsSB 5.18.5
kasya belonging to whomSB 3.20.34
kasya belonging to whomSB 10.47.1-2
tava kathāmṛtam beginning with the words tava kathāmṛtamCC Madhya 14.10
kauḍi māgi' begging kauḍisCC Antya 9.39
kaulam belonging to the family for generationsSB 12.3.36
ādi-kavaye unto the original created beingSB 1.1.1
kavitva poetic imaginationCC Adi 16.85
kāyastha belonging to the kāyastha classCC Antya 13.91
keli-kutūhala by longing for pastimesCC Madhya 20.180
keśava-ādi beginning with Lord KeśavaCC Madhya 20.194
kha-ādayaḥ beginning with etherSB 11.22.19
khā'na begins to eatCC Adi 14.51
ādā-khaṇḍa pieces of gingerCC Madhya 15.54-55
śuṇṭhi-khaṇḍa nāḍu sweetmeat balls made with dried gingerCC Antya 10.23
ādi-khaṇḍe in the original partCC Adi 13.18
khanitraiḥ with digging instrumentsSB 7.2.15
khanitram trouble for diggingSB 2.7.48
khudite diggingCC Madhya 20.134
khudite diggingCC Madhya 20.135
kila-kiñcita-ādi beginning with the ecstasy named kila-kiñcitaCC Madhya 14.170
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what can be the benefit of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.17
kim asat-karmabhiḥ bhavet what is the use of engaging in temporary fruitive activitiesSB 6.5.19
kila-kiñcita-ādi beginning with the ecstasy named kila-kiñcitaCC Madhya 14.170
kirāta or of an uncivilized aborigineSB 5.8.16
kirāta the aborigines named KirātasCC Madhya 24.179
kirāta the aborigines named KirātasCC Madhya 24.209
kīrtana-ārambhe in the beginning of the sańkīrtanaCC Madhya 11.218
kīrtanya worth singingSB 3.28.18
kiśora vayase just before the beginning of His youthful lifeCC Adi 13.31
koli-śuṇṭhi dried ginger and berriesCC Antya 10.24
krośa-sañjāta-hāsaḥ after this, when the head of the house is angry, Kṛṣṇa begins to smileSB 10.8.29
sei kṛṣṇa that original KṛṣṇaCC Adi 5.6
sei kṛṣṇa that original KṛṣṇaCC Adi 5.156
kṛṣṇa-prema-rasa the nectar of always merging in love of KṛṣṇaCC Adi 11.34
kṛṣṇa-bhaktye in discharging devotional service to KṛṣṇaCC Madhya 22.49
kṛṣṇa-ādi beginning from KṛṣṇaCC Antya 3.268
kṛṣṇa-bhajane in discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.66
kṛṣṇa-bhajane in discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.67
kṛṣṇa-premera ullāsa the beginning of the flow of love of KṛṣṇaCC Antya 20.11
kṛṣṇam the original Personality of GodheadSB 3.1.23
kṛṣṇasya of Kṛṣṇa, the original Supreme Personality of GodheadSB 7.10.42
kṛṣṇāya the original Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 19.53
ādi-kṛt beginning of everythingSB 4.11.19
ādi-kṛt the original creatorSB 12.11.30
kṛta-ādau at the beginning of the next Satya-yugaSB 9.22.11
kṛta-svastyayanam engaging them in chanting auspicious Vedic hymnsSB 10.7.5
kṛta-udyamaḥ even though originally intending to do soSB 10.53.24
mahat-kṛtena by that action which is considered the most powerful original existence or which is executed by mahājanasSB 10.2.30
sajyam kṛtvā stringing itSB 10.83.25-26
gṛha-kṛtyeṣu in discharging household affairsSB 10.8.30
kṣaraḥ constantly changingBG 8.4
kṣatram belonging to the kṣatriya groupSB 9.2.17
kṣatriya belonging to the kṣatriya communityCC Madhya 19.254
kṣetra-jñataḥ from the original Supreme Personality of GodheadSB 5.11.11
kṣiti-ādīnām of the five elements, beginning with the earthSB 7.15.59
ku-kalpanā mischievous imaginationCC Madhya 25.42
ku-buddhi intelligence not favorable to discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.65
kūjat singingSB 3.33.18
kūjat singingSB 4.9.63
kula-bheda-kara who are bringing about a disruption in the familySB 7.8.5
kula and of proper family upbringingSB 10.74.35
vrajendra-kumāra originally Lord Kṛṣṇa, the son of Mahārāja NandaCC Madhya 1.273
kuṇḍale the two earrings (belonging to Aditi)SB 10.59.23
kūpa digging wellsSB 7.15.48-49
kurvatīm bringing aboutSB 6.13.12-13
kuśa-āsana āni' bringing straw mats for sittingCC Madhya 24.274
kūṭa-stham unchangingBG 12.3-4
kūṭa-sthaḥ unchangingSB 11.3.39
kūṭa-kāriṇaḥ indulging in cheatingSB 12.3.35
keli-kutūhala by longing for pastimesCC Madhya 20.180
kvacit sometimes, at the beginning of a kalpaSB 8.3.4
bhikṣā lāgi' for begging almsCC Antya 6.219
bhikṣā lāgi' for beggingCC Antya 6.282
bhikṣāra lāgiyā for begging some almsCC Antya 6.214
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa marginal characteristicsCC Madhya 18.126
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa the marginal characteristicsCC Madhya 20.356
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa the marginal symptomsCC Madhya 20.357
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa marginal characteristicsCC Madhya 20.362
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa the marginal symptomCC Madhya 22.151
ei dui lakṣaṇe by these two characteristics, namely svarūpa (personal) and taṭastha (marginal) symptomsCC Madhya 20.358
taṭastha-lakṣaṇe marginal symptomsCC Madhya 22.106
lālasayoḥ who were eagerly longing forSB 3.23.46
lalita-lavańga-latā beginning with the words lalita-lavańga-latāCC Antya 19.84
jihvā-lāmpaṭya indulging in satisfying the tongueCC Antya 8.85
lañā bringingCC Adi 16.23
lañā bringingCC Madhya 3.30
lañā bringingCC Madhya 3.137
lañā bringingCC Madhya 4.55
lañā bringingCC Madhya 4.98
lañā bringingCC Madhya 9.83
lañā bringingCC Madhya 12.110
mahā-prasāda lañā bringing all kinds of mahā-prasādamCC Madhya 12.153
lañā bringingCC Antya 6.92
lañā bringingCC Antya 6.97
lañā bringingCC Antya 6.267
lañā bringingCC Antya 16.65
lasat hangingSB 1.11.19
lasat hangingSB 2.2.9
lalita-lavańga-latā beginning with the words lalita-lavańga-latāCC Antya 19.84
laulyam ardent longing or greedNoI 2
lalita-lavańga-latā beginning with the words lalita-lavańga-latāCC Antya 19.84
laya mergingCC Adi 5.38
māgi' laya begging, takesCC Madhya 12.102
prāpta-brahma-laya as good as merging into the impersonal BrahmanCC Madhya 24.109
ādi-līlā the original pastimesCC Adi 13.15
lińgam the forms (respectively, the material form of the universe and also Your original spiritual form)SB 10.86.48
lobhaḥ stinginessSB 11.25.2-5
loka-guruṇā by the original teacher of all people, Lord BrahmāSB 4.19.39
loka-pālāḥ the great leaders of the universe, beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 5.18.27
loka-bhava O origin of all planetsSB 8.7.26
lola swingingSB 10.29.4
mādhavāḥ the dynasty beginning from MadhuSB 9.23.29
madhu-ādiṣu beginning with MadhuSB 12.11.32
mādhu-karī begging little by little, like honeybeesCC Madhya 19.128
madhura-gīta by the sweet singingSB 5.25.7
madhyāhna karāñā after arranging for His bathCC Madhya 19.84
madhyam between the beginning and the end, the sustenanceSB 8.12.5
madhyataḥ ca also in the middle (the duration between the beginning and end)SB 7.9.30
māgi' beggingCC Adi 10.38
māgi' beggingCC Adi 10.71
māgi' by beggingCC Madhya 4.25
māgi' beggingCC Madhya 4.29
tāre māgi' begging themCC Madhya 4.151
māgi' beggingCC Madhya 5.101
māgi' nila obtained by beggingCC Madhya 12.73
māgi' laya begging, takesCC Madhya 12.102
māgi' beggingCC Madhya 12.202
taṇḍula māgi' begging riceCC Antya 2.107
māgi' beggingCC Antya 6.219
māgi' beggingCC Antya 6.221
māgi' beggingCC Antya 6.283
māgi' beggingCC Antya 8.61
kauḍi māgi' begging kauḍisCC Antya 9.39
māgi' beggingCC Antya 9.72
prasāda māgi' begging prasādamCC Antya 11.104
māgi' by beggingCC Antya 13.48
māgile by beggingCC Antya 9.40
māgiñā beggingCC Madhya 4.90
māgiñā beggingCC Madhya 4.180
māgiñā beggingCC Madhya 4.181
māgiyā beggingCC Madhya 4.11
māgiyā beggingCC Antya 2.110
māgiyā beggingCC Antya 2.111
māgiyā by beggingCC Antya 6.223
māgiyā beggingCC Antya 6.281
māgiyā beggingCC Antya 16.11
māgiye I am beggingCC Adi 1.25
prasāda māgiye I am begging prasādamCC Antya 11.74
mahā-viṣṇu the original ViṣṇuCC Adi 6.7
mahā-prasāda lañā bringing all kinds of mahā-prasādamCC Madhya 12.153
mahān the original form of material natureSB 11.28.16
mahāntam who is the origin of the material worldSB 3.24.33
mahāprabhu āni' bringing Śrī Caitanya MahāprabhuCC Antya 6.89
mahārāṣṭrīya belonging to the Maharashtra stateCC Madhya 17.101
mahat-ādīnām beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 3.29.37
mahat-kṛtena by that action which is considered the most powerful original existence or which is executed by mahājanasSB 10.2.30
mālinam with hangingsSB 10.75.18
mamatā everything belonging to the material body is mineSB 7.12.29-30
māyā-manaḥ-mayam it is only imagined to be real by the influence of māyāSB 11.7.7
mānasottara-mervoḥ antaram the land between Mānasottara and Meru (beginning from the middle of Mount Sumeru)SB 5.20.35
manavaḥ original progenitors of mankindSB 12.4.2
mańgala-ācaraṇe in the performance of auspiciousness in the beginningCC Antya 1.182
paṇḍita-māninam imagining himself to be a great scholarSB 11.26.13
taila-mardana massaging mustard oil on the bodyCC Madhya 25.206
abhyańga-mardana massaging the body with oilCC Antya 5.17
mardana massagingCC Antya 18.100
prathamei māribā kill them in the beginningCC Madhya 24.247
māthura belonging to the district of MathurāCC Madhya 18.172
sattā-mātram the original substance, the cause of everythingSB 10.3.24
abhijña-mātram only imagined to have a separate existenceSB 12.8.44
matsya-ādi beginning with MatsyaCC Adi 4.11-12
māyā-manaḥ-mayam it is only imagined to be real by the influence of māyāSB 11.7.7
māyā-ādyaiḥ beginning with the unmanifest stage of natureSB 12.11.5
māyā-manaḥ-mayam it is only imagined to be real by the influence of māyāSB 11.7.7
māyayā by his imaginationSB 10.86.45
mayūra-ādi beginning with peacocksCC Madhya 17.44
mene he imaginedSB 10.66.2
meru-ādi-giri-duhitaraḥ daughters of the mountains beginning with MeruSB 5.17.10
mānasottara-mervoḥ antaram the land between Mānasottara and Meru (beginning from the middle of Mount Sumeru)SB 5.20.35
mīḍhvāṃsam expert in discharging semenSB 9.19.4
mithunī-bhūya engaging in sex lifeSB 4.29.54
mleccha-jāti belonging to the meat-eater casteCC Madhya 1.197
mṛga-pateḥ belonging to the king of animals, the lionSB 10.52.39
mṛga-ādi animals, beginning with the deerCC Madhya 24.263
mṛjan massagingSB 10.48.15-16
mucaḥ dischargingSB 3.19.20
niśā-mukham the beginning of nightSB 10.34.22
tretā-mukhe in the beginning of Tretā-yugaSB 6.10.16
āji-mukhe in the very beginning of the battleSB 6.10.29
tretā-mukhe in the beginning of the Tretā-yugaSB 9.14.49
tretā-mukhe at the beginning of Tretā-yugaSB 11.17.12
śarvarī-mukhe in the beginning of eveningCC Antya 1.170
mukhya kāraṇa the original causeCC Adi 6.20
mukhya-artha the original meaningCC Madhya 25.25
mukhyena the origin of all activitiesSB 7.3.29
mukta hanging looseSB 3.19.20
bhaktye jīvan-mukta persons liberated in this life by discharging devotional serviceCC Madhya 24.130
brahma-sāyujya-mukti merging into the Brahman effulgenceCC Madhya 6.264-265
mūla-prakṛtaye unto the puruṣa-avatāra, the origin of prakṛti and pradhānaSB 8.3.13
mūla originalCC Adi 2.39
mūla originalCC Adi 2.42
mūla originalCC Adi 2.46
mūla originalCC Adi 2.57
mūla the originalCC Adi 2.89
mūla-āśraya original sourceCC Adi 2.105
mūla originalCC Adi 3.70
mūla originalCC Adi 4.4
mūla ślokera of the original verseCC Adi 4.229
mūla-sańkarṣaṇa the original SańkarṣaṇaCC Adi 5.8
mūla originalCC Adi 5.61
mūla originalCC Adi 6.88
mūla originalCC Adi 6.112
mūla-āśraya original supportCC Adi 9.12
mūla the originalCC Madhya 25.93
yat-mūlaḥ the origin of whichSB 5.6.5
yat-mūlāḥ the original cause of all theseSB 7.13.34
viśva-mūlam the origin is the SupremeSB 3.7.16
ātma-mūlāya who are the original source of everythingSB 8.3.13
īśvara-mūrti original form as the LordCC Madhya 1.101
ādi-mūrtiḥ the original form, VāsudevaSB 11.16.32
mūrtimadbhiḥ in His original formSB 8.6.3-7
kamala-nābhāya unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, from whose abdomen the original lotus flower originatedSB 4.30.25
naḍa-baḍe hangingCC Antya 18.53
bhārgī-nadī in the small river of the name BhārgīnadīCC Madhya 5.141
śuṇṭhi-khaṇḍa nāḍu sweetmeat balls made with dried gingerCC Antya 10.23
harer nāma-ślokera of the verse beginning harer nāma harer nāmaCC Madhya 25.29
nanda-ādyāḥ beginning from Nanda MahārājaSB 10.1.61
nandāt beginning from NandaSB 12.2.32
nārada-ādi beginning with NāradaMM 7
naṭkāya hangingCC Antya 18.72
nāṭya-sańgīta-vāditraiḥ by dancing, by singing and by a musical displaySB 9.23.6
sei nava sańgama We are meeting in the same new spirit as in the beginningCC Madhya 13.126
nāyam beginning with the word nāyamCC Madhya 9.137
nayasi you are bringing downSB 9.3.21
nayasi you are bringingSB 10.47.20
nembu-ādā a preparation made with lime and gingerCC Antya 10.15-16
ṛta-satya-netram He is the origin of whatever truth is pleasing (sunetram)SB 10.2.26
nīca-jāti belonging to a lower casteCC Antya 16.29
anādi-nidhanam without beginning and endSB 1.8.28
nigamāya to Him who is the origin of both kinds of scriptureSB 10.16.44
nija-dharma-bhāvite being situated in one's original constitutional positionSB 4.8.22
nija-rūpam āsthitā remained in her original demoniac formSB 10.6.13
nija-jāti as belonging to the same familyCC Antya 16.148
nijam his originalSB 10.18.26
nijam his originalSB 10.37.31
nikhanadbhiḥ diggingSB 5.19.29-30
māgi' nila obtained by beggingCC Madhya 12.73
bhūta-nilayam the original source of all living entitiesSB 8.1.11
nimajjantam plungingCC Madhya 19.230
nimajjya of those who are submergingSB 11.26.32
nimeṣa-ādiḥ beginning with minute parts of timeSB 10.3.26
nimitta-hetu original causeCC Adi 5.63
nimitta-hetu original causeCC Adi 6.14-15
nimitta the original causeCC Adi 6.14-15
nimitta kāraṇa the original causeCC Adi 6.16
nimitta-aṃśe in the portion as the original causeCC Adi 6.17
ninīṣantam while bringing himSB 1.7.34
nipātya dragging downSB 3.3.1
nirhāraḥ the purgingSB 10.84.29
nirmāṇe the beginning of creationCC Adi 6.19
nirudhya besiegingSB 10.76.9-11
nirupakramāya who has no beginningSB 6.9.45
nirūpya arrangingSB 10.77.9
nirvartakaḥ bringing aboutSB 5.20.18
niśā-mukham the beginning of nightSB 10.34.22
niṣeka-ādiṣu beginning from the happiness derived from sex lifeSB 7.7.46
niṣeka-ādi the beginning of life (the purificatory process of garbhādhāna, performed when the father begets a child by discharging semen into the womb of the mother)SB 7.15.52
tat-puruṣa-niṣevayā by engaging his life in the service of Kṛṣṇa's representativeSB 6.1.16
niṣka-kaṇṭhyaḥ and having little keys and lockets hanging from their necksSB 10.5.11
niṣkarṣayatā who was draggingSB 10.10.27
nītam nītam gradually bringing themSB 10.37.29
nītam nītam gradually bringing themSB 10.37.29
jala nite for bringing waterCC Madhya 4.30
nītvā bringing into such a conditionSB 4.17.27
nītvā bringingSB 7.15.46
nītvā bringingSB 10.11.20
nītvā bringing themSB 10.13.15
nītvā bringingSB 10.13.21
nītvā bringingSB 10.50.57
nītvā bringingSB 10.55.5
nitya-yācñā begging grains every day from the farmersSB 7.11.18-20
nivītam hanging (from His neck)SB 10.73.1-6
nivītau hanging on the neckSB 3.15.28
niyojayasi You are engagingBG 3.1
niyojya engagingNoI 8
nṛtya-vāditra-gītaiḥ ca by dancing, playing various musical instruments, and singing songsSB 8.21.6-7
nṛtya-gīta-ādi-aneka-arhaiḥ by many varied means of worship, such as dancing and singingSB 10.13.51
nṛtya-gīta dancing and singingCC Madhya 9.249
nṛtya-gīte in singing and dancingCC Antya 5.13
gāna-nṛtya singing and dancingCC Antya 14.39
nūpura ringing legletsSB 2.2.11
okaḥ from the original homeSB 4.28.54
vana-okasaḥ the aborigine girls of the forestSB 10.20.27
okasām belonging to the inhabitantsSB 10.33.3
oṃ beginning with oṃBG 17.24
oṃkāra-ādīni beginning with oṃkāraSB 6.8.4-6
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ even by massaging her feetSB 9.18.35
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ by massaging His feet and offering other servicesSB 10.15.14
pāda-saṃvāhanam the massaging of the feetSB 10.15.17
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the feetCC Adi 5.136
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ by massaging His feet, etcCC Adi 5.139
pāda-saṃvāhanam massaging the feetCC Adi 6.64
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the feetCC Adi 10.155
viṣṇu-pāda-utpatti her origin from the lotus feet of the LordCC Adi 16.83
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the feetCC Madhya 3.105
apāṇi-pāda-śruti the śruti-mantra beginning apāni-pādaḥCC Madhya 6.150
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the legsCC Madhya 9.353
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the legsCC Madhya 14.7
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Madhya 17.90
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legCC Madhya 19.90
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Antya 10.82
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Antya 10.83-84
pāda-samvāhana massaging Your legsCC Antya 10.88
pāda-samvāhana massaging of the legsCC Antya 10.90
pāda-samvāhane massaging the feetCC Antya 12.146
pāda-samvāhana massaging of the feetCC Antya 18.108
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Antya 19.71
pāda cāpi' massaging the legsCC Antya 19.73
padam original positionSB 8.24.51
param padam the highest position (according to their imagination and speculation)SB 10.2.32
padmaja-ādibhiḥ beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 12.11.4
pādukam bringing the wooden shoesSB 10.11.8
pahile in the beginningCC Madhya 8.268
pahilehi in the beginningCC Madhya 8.194
pāka karāila engaging in cookingCC Madhya 19.87
kariba pāka I shall begin cookingCC Antya 2.57
loka-pālāḥ the great leaders of the universe, beginning with Lord BrahmāSB 5.18.27
paṇḍita-māninam imagining himself to be a great scholarSB 11.26.13
ānibāre pāni for bringing waterCC Antya 6.299
para-devatāyām the origin of all demigodsSB 5.7.6
paraḥ not belonging to the same group or familySB 7.5.37
pārakya belonging to othersSB 7.6.16
pārakyam belonging to othersSB 11.9.25
param elevation to the heavenly planets or becoming one by merging into BrahmanSB 9.4.65
satya-param who is the Absolute Truth (as stated in the beginning of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, satyaṃ paraṃ dhīmahi)SB 10.2.26
param padam the highest position (according to their imagination and speculation)SB 10.2.32
parama kāraṇa original causeCC Adi 5.54
paramakam bringing the greatest happinessSB 11.17.3-4
paramāṇu-ādi beginning from the time of minute atomsSB 5.14.29
paramātma-bhūtaḥ the origin of all causesCC Madhya 25.37
parasya belonging to the SupremeSB 10.85.6
parihāre in begging pardonCC Madhya 1.190
parikliṣṭam grudginglyBG 17.21
kaivalya-pate O bestower of merging in the existence of the LordSB 4.20.23
mṛga-pateḥ belonging to the king of animals, the lionSB 10.52.39
patīnām belonging to the presiding deitiesSB 10.50.50-53
pātram his begging bowlSB 11.23.34
pātrikām a pot for begging almsSB 8.18.17
paugaṇḍake at the age of paugaṇḍa, beginning with the sixth year (one year later)SB 10.12.37
paugaṇḍe in later childhood (beginning with His sixth year)SB 10.14.59
pauruṣīm originalSB 8.12.37
pavitra purified, ungrudginglyCC Madhya 12.116
pāyasa-ādayaḥ beginning with sweet riceSB 10.24.26
phala-vikrayiṇī the aborigine fruit vendor, who was an elderly womanSB 10.11.11
phala-kāraṇam the origin of the resultCC Antya 1.91
phiri changingCC Madhya 6.273
plāvitaiḥ with the singingSB 4.6.12
prabhava the originSB 10.44.48
prabhavaḥ encouragingSB 1.17.40
prabhavaḥ the original sourceCC Madhya 24.189
prabhavam origin, opulencesBG 10.2
prabhavau They who were the originSB 10.45.30-31
tataḥ prabhṛti beginning from thenSB 6.3.34
adya prabhṛti beginning from nowSB 10.73.18
prabodhiyā encouragingCC Madhya 11.61
vastra-pradāna-prasańga incidents of exchanging clothCC Madhya 1.149
pradāpya arranging to giveSB 10.70.12
pradhāna-puruṣau the original personsSB 10.48.18
pradhānam the original cause of the total material energySB 6.9.26-27
pradhānam material nature (in its original, undifferentiated state)SB 10.59.29
pragāyan singingSB 11.26.25
pragāyantaḥ singing along withSB 10.12.7-11
pragāyantyaḥ singing forthSB 10.32.1
pragāyantyaḥ singing loudlySB 10.35.1
pragāyataḥ thus singingSB 1.6.33
pragrahiṇam who was managing the reins of the horsesSB 10.1.34
prajāpati by the original progenitor, Lord BrahmāSB 10.54.40
prāk the originSB 6.4.30
prāk from the very beginning, before the creation of this cosmic manifestationSB 10.3.14
mūla-prakṛtaye unto the puruṣa-avatāra, the origin of prakṛti and pradhānaSB 8.3.13
prakṛtim its original natureSB 11.21.13
pralamba hanging downSB 10.47.1-2
karena pralāpana begins talking like a crazy manCC Antya 19.33
pralaya mergingCC Adi 5.46
pramukhāḥ beginning with themSB 8.1.19
prāṇaḥ the Lord in the form of the original life airSB 11.21.38-40
praṇava-ādi beginning with the oṃkāraSB 6.8.7
prāṇāya the origin of lifeSB 5.18.25
prāpta-brahma-laya as good as merging into the impersonal BrahmanCC Madhya 24.109
prāpta-svarūpa attaining his original statusCC Madhya 24.134
prārabhate beginsBG 18.15
prārambhaḥ the beginningCC Adi 3.63
prārthana beggingCC Madhya 12.112
prārthayate beggingSB 3.9.29
prasāda āni' bringing jagannātha-prasādamCC Madhya 6.111
mahā-prasāda lañā bringing all kinds of mahā-prasādamCC Madhya 12.153
prasāda māgiye I am begging prasādamCC Antya 11.74
prasāda māgi' begging prasādamCC Antya 11.104
prasādaye I am begging your mercySB 9.4.9
vastra-pradāna-prasańga incidents of exchanging clothCC Madhya 1.149
prasańgena in the matter of indulgingSB 3.23.53
praśraya-anvitam very much obligingSB 1.12.15
brahma-prasūtānām born originally from BrahmāSB 12.7.16
prasūtiḥ the original sourceSB 10.2.28
prātaḥ-kāla haite beginning from the morningCC Antya 2.59
prathama gamana the beginning of the tourCC Madhya 7.151
prathama-avasare in the beginning of the dayCC Madhya 15.5
prathama yauvana the beginning of youthCC Antya 3.112
prathame in the beginningCC Adi 12.8
prathame in the beginningCC Adi 13.7
prathame at the beginningCC Madhya 7.6
prathame in the beginningCC Madhya 14.173
prathame in the beginningCC Madhya 24.153
prathame in the beginningCC Antya 10.156
prathame in the beginningCC Antya 14.91
prathame in the beginningCC Antya 18.87
prathamei in the beginningCC Adi 10.34
prathamei at the beginningCC Madhya 7.112
prathamei in the beginningCC Madhya 12.72
prathamei in the beginningCC Madhya 17.16
prathamei from the very beginningCC Madhya 19.161
prathamei in the beginningCC Madhya 20.165
prathamei in the beginningCC Madhya 20.250
prathamei māribā kill them in the beginningCC Madhya 24.247
prathamete in the beginningCC Adi 17.235
ańga-pratimā the form of the Supreme Lord (there are many forms, but Kṛṣṇa is the original form)SB 10.12.39
pratinandya encouragingSB 7.5.20
pravahan constantly engaging inSB 4.12.18
pravartante beginBG 17.24
pravartate shall beginSB 3.11.34
pravartaye in beginningSB 3.8.2
praveṣya bringing intoSB 10.38.23
pravilāpya mergingSB 1.13.55
praviśati beginsSB 5.13.19
pravṛttaḥ beginsSB 12.2.31
pravṛttāyām when it was about to beginSB 10.84.44-45
pravṛttiḥ the beginningBG 15.3-4
kṛṣṇa-prema-rasa the nectar of always merging in love of KṛṣṇaCC Adi 11.34
prema-ādika love of Godhead, beginning with śānta, dāsya and so onCC Madhya 23.47
kṛṣṇa-premera ullāsa the beginning of the flow of love of KṛṣṇaCC Antya 20.11
pretya-āgatam as if Kṛṣṇa had returned from death (no one could even imagine that from such danger a child could be saved)SB 10.6.43
prokṣaṇa-ādibhiḥ by the various prescriptions beginning with sprinkling of water for purificationSB 11.27.29
pulindyaḥ the women of the aborigine Pulinda tribe in VrajaSB 10.83.43
puṃsām belonging to living beingsSB 10.89.62
puṇyaḥ originalBG 7.9
purā from the beginningSB 1.13.22
purā in the beginning of creationSB 2.4.22
purā in the beginningSB 7.8.10
purā from beginningless timeCC Adi 1.5
purā from beginningless timeCC Adi 4.55
puraḥ from the very beginningSB 4.28.25
gandharva-puram an imaginary city in the forestSB 5.13.7
purāṇaḥ the originalSB 5.6.14
purāṇaḥ the originalSB 5.11.13-14
purāṇaḥ the originalSB 8.12.44
purāṇaḥ originalSB 10.16.29
puruṣam purāṇam the original Personality of GodheadSB 6.13.21
purāṇam the originalSB 9.8.24
purāṇau the originalSB 3.1.26
purāṇau are the original causeCC Madhya 20.262
purastāt as it was in the beginningSB 4.22.27
purātanaḥ the originalSB 1.10.21
pūrta by pious works (such as feeding brāhmaṇas, digging wells, etc.)SB 10.52.40
iṣṭā-pūrtam the performance of sacrifice and public welfare activities such as digging wells or planting treesSB 11.12.1-2
pūrtena and pious works for the benefit of others, such as digging wellsSB 11.11.47
ādi-puruṣa the original enjoyerSB 2.7.15
tat-puruṣa-niṣevayā by engaging his life in the service of Kṛṣṇa's representativeSB 6.1.16
ādi-puruṣa the original personSB 6.9.33
ādi-puruṣa O supreme original Personality of GodheadSB 7.8.43
ādi-puruṣa O original Personality of GodheadSB 10.15.6
puruṣa of the original Personality of GodheadSB 12.8.46
puruṣa the original person, Mahā-ViṣṇuCC Adi 6.13
puruṣa-rūpe in the original form of Mahā-ViṣṇuCC Madhya 20.265
ādi-puruṣa O original personCC Madhya 24.177
puruṣa-jāti belonging to the male classCC Antya 15.37
puruṣa-jāti belonging to the male classCC Antya 16.144
ādi-puruṣaḥ the original personSB 5.1.10
ādi-puruṣaḥ the original personSB 5.22.3
ādi-puruṣaḥ the original personSB 8.17.4
ādi-pūruṣaḥ the original personSB 8.24.54
puruṣaḥ the original personSB 10.1.23
ādi-pūruṣaḥ the original Personality of GodheadSB 10.35.8-11
puruṣaḥ the original Mahā-ViṣṇuCC Madhya 20.262
ādi-puruṣam the original cause of all causesSB 5.19.1
ādi-puruṣam the original personSB 6.9.20
puruṣam purāṇam the original Personality of GodheadSB 6.13.21
ādi-puruṣam unto the expansion of the original personalitySB 6.16.31
ādi-puruṣam the original personSB 6.18.66-67
ādi-puruṣam the supreme original person, BhagavānSB 8.23.11-12
ādi-puruṣam the original Personality of GodheadSB 9.10.14
puruṣam the original personSB 10.51.56
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 2.14
ādi-puruṣam the original personalityCC Adi 4.72
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 5.22
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 5.71
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Adi 5.155
ādi-puruṣam the original personalityCC Madhya 8.163
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 15.170
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 20.160
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 20.281
govindam ādi-puruṣam Lord Govinda, the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 20.304
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 20.310
ādi-puruṣam the supreme original personCC Madhya 20.316
ādi-puruṣam the original personCC Madhya 21.41
ādi-puruṣam the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 21.49
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.29
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.30
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.31
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.32
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.33
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.34
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.35
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.36
ādi-puruṣam the original personalityBs 5.37
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.38
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.39
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.40
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.41
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.42
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.43
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.44
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.45
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.46
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.47
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.48
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.49
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.50
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.51
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.52
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.53
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.54
ādi-puruṣam the original personBs 5.55
ādi-puruṣasya the original personSB 5.1.23
ādi-puruṣasya of the original Personality of GodheadSB 7.10.47
pradhāna-puruṣau the original personsSB 10.48.18
ādi-pūruṣe unto the original Personality of GodheadSB 1.9.30
pūrva-ādibhiḥ beginning with the frontSB 3.12.37
pūrva-ādibhiḥ beginning from the front faceSB 3.12.38
pūrva-ja O original Personality of GodheadSB 7.10.26
pūrva-aparam the beginning and the endSB 10.9.13-14
pūrva-vat as originallySB 10.25.28
pūrva originalCC Adi 7.20-21
pūrva-ādi beginning from the eastCC Madhya 20.211
pūrvam in the beginningSB 3.12.43
pūrvam in the beginningSB 6.4.19
pūrvam beginningSB 10.9.13-14
pūrve in the beginningCC Adi 7.3
pūtanā-vadha-ādi killing the demons, beginning from PūtanāCC Madhya 20.394
dui putra āni' bringing his two sonsCC Madhya 19.108
gujjarī-rāgiṇī the gujjarī mode of singingCC Antya 13.79
ādi-rājaḥ the original kingSB 4.20.21
ādi-rājam the original kingSB 4.16.21
rājaputa-jāti belonging to the kṣatriya classCC Madhya 18.82
rājaputa belonging to the Rājaputa raceCC Madhya 18.167
ādi-rājasya of the original kingSB 3.13.3
ādi-rājasya of the original kingSB 4.21.8
ādi-rājāya upon the original kingSB 4.19.41
ādi-rājena by the original king (Pṛthu)SB 4.20.32
ādi-rājena by the original king (Pṛthu)SB 4.22.48
rakta-sravaḥ profusely discharging bloodSB 6.12.26
ramā-ādika beginning with the goddess of fortuneCC Antya 17.40
rāsa-ādika beginning with the rāsa danceCC Adi 4.81
rāsa-ādi beginning with the rāsa danceCC Adi 4.114
kṛṣṇa-prema-rasa the nectar of always merging in love of KṛṣṇaCC Adi 11.34
rāsa-ārambha-vidhau in the matter of beginning the rāsa danceCC Adi 17.293
eka-rasam unchangingSB 10.87.19
śānta-ādi rasera of the mellows beginning from neutralityCC Madhya 23.56
svā-rasikī appropriate for one's own original aptitude of loveCC Madhya 22.150
hiraṇya-retasaḥ to the original fireSB 6.9.42
sapta ṛṣayaḥ the seven great sages (beginning with Marīci)SB 5.17.3
ṛta-satya-netram He is the origin of whatever truth is pleasing (sunetram)SB 10.2.26
ṛtam encouraging statementsSB 9.5.5
ṛtvijam the original priestSB 10.66.30-31
rūpa-dhṛk possessing the form (of his original Gandharva position)SB 8.4.3-4
svayam-rūpa His own original form (two-handed Kṛṣṇa)CC Adi 1.81
svayam-rūpa the original formCC Madhya 20.165
svayam-rūpa the original form of the LordCC Madhya 20.166
sva-rūpa the original identityCC Madhya 24.71
sva-rūpam original formSB 1.9.39
sva-rūpam his original spiritual formSB 6.2.43
nija-rūpam āsthitā remained in her original demoniac formSB 10.6.13
aṃśa-aṃśi-rūpe as the expansion and the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Adi 5.154
svayam-rūpe in the original formCC Madhya 20.166
puruṣa-rūpe in the original form of Mahā-ViṣṇuCC Madhya 20.265
svayam-rūpera of the original formCC Madhya 20.177
sparśa-rūpiṇā which exhibits the forms of the different phonemes of the alphabet, beginning with the sparśa lettersSB 11.21.38-40
sa-ghṛṇam begging for compassionSB 11.4.9
śabda-yoniḥ the origin and source of Vedic literatureSB 8.7.25
sādhaka the beginnerCC Madhya 24.108
sādhakam bringing aboutCC Madhya 21.1
āgata-sādhvasaḥ in the beginning becoming afraidSB 6.4.40
sahase the origin of all mental powerSB 5.18.25
sahasra-śīrṣā-ādi kari' by the Vedic hymns beginning with sahasra-śīrṣā (ṛg Veda-saṃhitā 10.90.1)CC Madhya 20.292
sajyam the stringingSB 10.42.17
sajyam kṛtvā stringing itSB 10.83.25-26
sākṣāt originalSB 1.9.18
jīva-śakti marginal potency, or living entitiesCC Madhya 8.151
jīva-śakti marginal potencyCC Madhya 20.149
śaktibhiḥ the energies (marginal and external)CC Madhya 24.135
śaktiḥ the feminine (marginal and external) energiesSB 4.7.59
śaktite as the marginal potencyCC Madhya 24.307
śālinā bringing the presenceSB 10.60.3-6
sālokya-ādi the five types of liberation, beginning from sālokya (residing on the same spiritual planet as the Lord)CC Adi 4.204
sālokya-ādi liberation, beginning sālokyaCC Adi 4.208
sālokya-ādi beginning with sālokyaCC Madhya 6.267
sālokya-ādi liberation, beginning with sālokyaCC Madhya 24.183
kari' samādhāna after arrangingCC Antya 12.142
samānīya bringingSB 7.7.12
samānīya bringingSB 10.85.36
samānīya bringing backCC Madhya 9.211-212
samanuvartate factually beginsSB 5.6.16
samāśraya the original shelterCC Adi 5.46
samāśraya the original sourceCC Madhya 20.150
sāmasu to the singingSB 4.29.53
sambandha the original relationshipCC Madhya 20.124
viśva-sambhava O origin of the universeSB 10.27.19
yoga-sambhava O origin of all mystic powerSB 11.7.14
sambhavam originSB 4.11.23
jīva-saṃjñitaḥ who is also known as the living entity, since the living entities are expansions of His marginal energySB 7.7.49
sampracaratsu when beginning to performSB 5.7.6
hīna-sampradāya belonging to a lower spiritual schoolCC Adi 7.64
sampravṛttāyām was just on the point of beginningSB 9.14.43
anādi-saṃsāra-anubhavasya of the perception of the beginningless process of transmigrationSB 5.14.1
saṃspṛśan massagingSB 10.86.30
sva-saṃsthām situation in my original constitutional positionSB 5.10.13
śiśumāra-saṃsthānena imagine this wheel to be a śiśumāra (dolphin)SB 5.23.4
sva-saṃsthayā His own original formSB 6.4.26
sva-saṃsthayā in His original identitySB 10.37.22
svapna-saṃstutam as if imagined in a dreamSB 9.4.15-16
samutsṛjan dischargingSB 9.2.7
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ even by massaging her feetSB 9.18.35
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ by massaging His feet and offering other servicesSB 10.15.14
saṃvāhana with massagingSB 10.46.15
saṃvāhana massagingSB 10.81.18
saṃvāhana by massagingSB 10.90.27
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the feetCC Adi 5.136
pāda-saṃvāhana-ādibhiḥ by massaging His feet, etcCC Adi 5.139
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the feetCC Adi 10.155
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the feetCC Madhya 3.105
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the legsCC Madhya 9.353
pāda-saṃvāhana massaging the legsCC Madhya 14.7
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Madhya 17.90
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legCC Madhya 19.90
saṃvāhana massagingCC Antya 9.82
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Antya 10.82
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Antya 10.83-84
pāda-samvāhana massaging Your legsCC Antya 10.88
pāda-samvāhana massaging of the legsCC Antya 10.90
pāda-samvāhana massaging of the feetCC Antya 18.108
pāda-samvāhana massaging the legsCC Antya 19.71
pāda-saṃvāhanam the massaging of the feetSB 10.15.17
pāda-saṃvāhanam massaging the feetCC Adi 6.64
pāda-samvāhane massaging the feetCC Antya 12.146
saṃvāhya massagingSB 10.38.39
sāmyam the original equilibriumSB 11.22.12
sāmyam and the original, undifferentiated state of natureSB 11.28.24
saṃyojya bringing togetherSB 10.39.19
saṃyojya bringing togetherSB 10.82.43
saṃyojya mergingSB 11.15.20
saṃyojya mergingSB 11.30.26
sanātanam original, eternalBG 7.10
sanātanam without beginningSB 4.21.42
sandeśāt beginning from his being ordered (by Kaṃsa)SB 10.38.27
sandhau in the state of marginal existenceSB 7.13.5
sandhyā-dhūpa dhūpa-ārati just in the beginning of the eveningCC Madhya 11.214
sandhyā ha-ite beginning from the eveningCC Antya 3.127
sandhyayoḥ at the beginning and the end of the daySB 12.8.7-11
sei nava sańgama We are meeting in the same new spirit as in the beginningCC Madhya 13.126
sańgīta-vat like singingSB 3.17.10
sańgīta of singingSB 8.2.6
nāṭya-sańgīta-vāditraiḥ by dancing, by singing and by a musical displaySB 9.23.6
sańgīta singingCC Adi 17.173
sańgītam with singingSB 12.8.18-20
sańgrathya after stringingCC Antya 10.21
krośa-sañjāta-hāsaḥ after this, when the head of the house is angry, Kṛṣṇa begins to smileSB 10.8.29
sañjīvana for bringing the dead back to lifeMM 32
sañjīvayan bringing back to lifeSB 10.47.44
sańkalpa of the imagined desireSB 10.28.12
sańkalpya imaginingSB 11.21.31
mūla-sańkarṣaṇa the original SańkarṣaṇaCC Adi 5.8
sāńkhya-ātmanaḥ the origin of all Vedic literaturesSB 8.7.30
sannidhāpya bringing Him nearSB 5.17.16
śānta-ādi rasera of the mellows beginning from neutralityCC Madhya 23.56
śānti bringing peace by propagating the Hare Kṛṣṇa mahā-mantraCC Madhya 6.104
sapta ṛṣayaḥ the seven great sages (beginning with Marīci)SB 5.17.3
sapta-tantūn the seven kinds of Vedic ritualistic ceremonies, beginning from the agniṣṭoma-yajñaSB 7.3.30
sārdraka pots with ginger dishesCC Madhya 3.45
sarga-ādyāḥ bringing about creation, maintenance and annihilationCC Madhya 20.113
sarge in the beginning of the creationSB 2.7.39
ādi-sarge in the beginning of creationSB 3.4.13
śarīriṇām for all embodied beings (beginning with the great demigods)SB 11.7.10
sarva-upakaraṇāni ca then all sorts of necessities and whatever belongings they hadSB 10.11.31-32
sarva-ātmā the original soul of allSB 11.27.48
sarva-ādi the origin of everythingCC Madhya 18.191
sarva-ādi origin of everythingCC Madhya 20.153
sarva-aṃśī the original source of all of themCC Madhya 21.120
sarva-adbhuta-camatkāra bringing wonder to allCC Madhya 23.82-83
sarva-āśraya the origin of everything, or that which controls everythingCC Madhya 24.318
śarvarī-mukhe in the beginning of eveningCC Antya 1.170
śāśvatam originalBG 10.12-13
sattā-mātram the original substance, the cause of everythingSB 10.3.24
akhila-sattva-dhāmni who are the original cause of all existence, from whom everything emanates and in whom all potencies resideSB 10.2.30
satya-param who is the Absolute Truth (as stated in the beginning of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, satyaṃ paraṃ dhīmahi)SB 10.2.26
ṛta-satya-netram He is the origin of whatever truth is pleasing (sunetram)SB 10.2.26
satyam the Lord is the original truthSB 10.2.26
saubhaga-ādayaḥ sons beginning with SaubhagaSB 6.18.8
saubhari-ādi beginning with the sage named SaubhariCC Madhya 20.169
śayana arranging His bedSB 10.61.6
brahma-sāyujya of merging into the Supreme BrahmanCC Adi 5.31
brahma-sāyujya-mukti merging into the Brahman effulgenceCC Madhya 6.264-265
sāyujya liberation by merging into the effulgenceCC Madhya 6.268
sāyujya merging into the effulgence of the LordCC Madhya 6.268
sāyujya mergingCC Madhya 6.269
brahma-sāyujya merging into the Brahman effulgenceCC Madhya 6.269
īśvara-sāyujya merging into the body of the LordCC Madhya 6.269
sāyujyam mergingSB 7.1.14-15
se divasa haite beginning from that dayCC Madhya 25.18
sei kṛṣṇa that original KṛṣṇaCC Adi 5.6
sei kṛṣṇa that original KṛṣṇaCC Adi 5.156
sei nava sańgama We are meeting in the same new spirit as in the beginningCC Madhya 13.126
sei jñāna that original consciousnessCC Madhya 24.201
sevana engaging the mind constantly in the service of the LordSB 1.16.16
śici sthitam situated in the butter pot hanging on the swingSB 10.9.8
śikya hanging by a swingSB 10.8.30
śikya-ādīn lunch bags and other belongingsSB 10.12.5
śīla obtained by begging or gleaningSB 11.18.25
avāk-śirāḥ with his head hanging downwardSB 9.7.5-6
sahasra-śīrṣā-ādi kari' by the Vedic hymns beginning with sahasra-śīrṣā (ṛg Veda-saṃhitā 10.90.1)CC Madhya 20.292
śiśu-kāla haite from the beginning of childhoodCC Antya 4.30
śiśumāra-saṃsthānena imagine this wheel to be a śiśumāra (dolphin)SB 5.23.4
sītām the original mother SītāCC Madhya 9.211-212
brahmā-śiva-ādika demigods, beginning from Lord Brahmā and ŚivaCC Antya 8.2
śleṣayā because of clingingSB 3.20.30
mūla ślokera of the original verseCC Adi 4.229
harer nāma-ślokera of the verse beginning harer nāma harer nāmaCC Madhya 25.29
kā stry ańga te ślokera of the verse beginning with the words kā stry ańga teCC Antya 20.132
ṣoḍaśa-kalāya whose parts are the sixteen original ingredients of creation (namely the five objects of the senses and the eleven senses, including the mind)SB 5.18.18
śoṇāyitena acknowledgingSB 3.8.27
spandanti begin to actSB 12.8.40
sparśa-rūpiṇā which exhibits the forms of the different phonemes of the alphabet, beginning with the sparśa lettersSB 11.21.38-40
sphurantam while challengingSB 2.7.14
rakta-sravaḥ profusely discharging bloodSB 6.12.26
śravaṇa-ādīni the activities of bhakti-yoga, beginning with hearing and chantingSB 10.6.3
śravaṇa-ādi devotional service, beginning with hearingCC Adi 7.141
śrī-vaiṣṇava eka a devotee belonging to the Rāmānuja-sampradāyaCC Madhya 9.82
śrī-jagamohana the place between the original temple and the kīrtana hallCC Madhya 12.83
śrī-gurūn unto the spiritual masters in the paramparā system, beginning from Mādhavendra Purī down to Śrīla Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī ṭhākura PrabhupādaCC Antya 2.1
śrī-gurūn unto the spiritual masters in the paramparā system, beginning from Mādhavendra Purī down to Śrīla Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī ṭhākura PrabhupādaCC Antya 3.1
śrīvāsa-ādi beginning with ŚrīvāsaCC Madhya 10.117
śrīvatsa the mark of the goddess of fortune, consisting of a special swirl of hair and belonging to the Supreme Lord aloneSB 10.51.1-6
sṛjām the engineersSB 1.3.2
śrutayaḥ the original texts of the VedasSB 11.4.17
apāṇi-pāda-śruti the śruti-mantra beginning apāni-pādaḥCC Madhya 6.150
stambha-ārambham the beginning of stupefactionCC Adi 4.202
stana-dvayāt beginning from the breastSB 2.5.39
taṭa-stha-ākhya known as marginalCC Adi 2.103
taṭa-sthā-ākhya known as the marginal potencyCC Adi 5.45
taṭa-sthā marginalCC Madhya 8.152
kūṭa-sthaḥ unchangingSB 11.3.39
kūṭa-stham unchangingBG 12.3-4
goloka-sthāne in the original Goloka Vṛndāvana planetCC Madhya 20.397
sthāvara-ādiṣu beginning with the nonmoving forms of life, the trees and plantsSB 7.6.20-23
sva-sthāya who is always situated in His original formSB 8.17.9
vrata-sthāyāḥ who was faithfully discharging her vowSB 6.18.58
śici sthitam situated in the butter pot hanging on the swingSB 10.9.8
strī gāya' a woman is singingCC Antya 13.83
strī-jāti belonging to the class of womenCC Antya 15.38
kā stry ańga te ślokera of the verse beginning with the words kā stry ańga teCC Antya 20.132
stuvanti are singing hymnsBG 11.21
su-gītam the art of singing sweet songsSB 4.15.19
sudarśana O original vision of the Supreme Personality of GodheadSB 9.5.4
śūdra belonging to the śūdra communityCC Madhya 8.21
śūdraḥ belonging to the worker classCC Madhya 13.80
śuka Śrīla Śukadeva Gosvāmī, the original speaker of Śrīmad-BhāgavatamSB 1.1.3
ādi-sūkaraḥ the origin of the boar speciesSB 3.19.31
ādi-sūkaraḥ the original form of a boarSB 5.18.39
sukha-āvaham bringing happinessSB 3.12.18
sukha-āvaham bringing happinessSB 3.23.14-15
brahma-sukha-anubhūtyā with Kṛṣṇa, the source of brahma-sukha (Kṛṣṇa is Parabrahman, and from Him originates His personal effulgence)SB 10.12.7-11
śuklayā tanuvā in His original spiritual form, which is above the modes of material natureSB 5.3.20
śunāya gīta he was singingCC Antya 2.149
śuṇṭhi-khaṇḍa nāḍu sweetmeat balls made with dried gingerCC Antya 10.23
koli-śuṇṭhi dried ginger and berriesCC Antya 10.24
śūnya-kalpitam imagined to be void by less intelligent menSB 9.9.49
sura-viprayoḥ belonging to the demigods or brāhmaṇasSB 11.27.54
sūrya-udaya haite beginning from the sunriseCC Madhya 20.389
śuśrūṣatīnām of those engaging in the serviceSB 7.2.34
sūtram the sacred thread belonging to the first-class brāhmaṇasSB 5.10.16
sva-rūpam original formSB 1.9.39
sva-saṃsthām situation in my original constitutional positionSB 5.10.13
sva-dharmeṇa by discharging devotional serviceSB 5.24.18
sva-rūpam his original spiritual formSB 6.2.43
sva-saṃsthayā His own original formSB 6.4.26
sva-sthāya who is always situated in His original formSB 8.17.9
sva-vaṃśam his original dynasty (the Pūru dynasty)SB 9.23.17
sva-saṃsthayā in His original identitySB 10.37.22
sva-dhāmnaḥ who is His own originSB 12.6.40-41
sva-kalpita imaginativeCC Madhya 6.138
svā-rasikī appropriate for one's own original aptitude of loveCC Madhya 22.150
sva-rūpa the original identityCC Madhya 24.71
svabhāva original formCC Adi 17.292
jīvera svabhāva the original characteristic of all living entitiesCC Madhya 24.201
svaiḥ by one's own belongingsSB 4.7.44
svam its own originalSB 5.11.8
svam his original position as an eternal servant of KṛṣṇaSB 9.9.48
svān belonging to their own kindSB 3.23.20
svapna-saṃstutam as if imagined in a dreamSB 9.4.15-16
svara singing meterSB 1.6.32
kaṇṭha-svare in his original voiceCC Antya 2.153-154
svarlokaḥ the higher planetary system, beginning with the heavenly planetsSB 2.5.42
svarūpa original formCC Adi 2.6
svarūpa original formCC Adi 2.28
svarūpa in His original formCC Adi 7.139
svarūpa the original formCC Madhya 8.150
svarūpa originalCC Madhya 18.126
prāpta-svarūpa attaining his original statusCC Madhya 24.134
bhāṣya-svarūpa as the original commentaryCC Madhya 25.97
svarūpa original formCC Madhya 25.107
svarūpa the original formCC Madhya 25.142
svarūpa-ādi beginning with Svarūpa DāmodaraCC Antya 9.36
svarūpe in its original formCC Adi 7.126
svarūpe original formCC Madhya 17.132
ātma-svarūpeṇa by His original constitutional position as the SupersoulSB 7.6.20-23
svarūpera gāna and singing by Svarūpa DāmodaraCC Madhya 14.231
kṛta-svastyayanam engaging them in chanting auspicious Vedic hymnsSB 10.7.5
svayam-bhagavān is the original Personality of GodheadCC Adi 1.42
svayam-rūpa His own original form (two-handed Kṛṣṇa)CC Adi 1.81
svayam-bhagavānera of the original Supreme Personality of GodheadCC Adi 4.8
svayam bhagavān the original Personality of GodheadCC Madhya 17.79
svayam-rūpa the original formCC Madhya 20.165
svayam-rūpa the original form of the LordCC Madhya 20.166
svayam-rūpe in the original formCC Madhya 20.166
svayam-rūpera of the original formCC Madhya 20.177
svayam bhagavān the original Supreme Personality of Godhead, KṛṣṇaCC Madhya 24.285
svāyambhuvam belonging to Lord BrahmāSB 6.16.26
sve in his original formSB 11.7.51
svīyaiḥ belonging to HimselfSB 10.70.11
tāhā āni' bringing thatCC Antya 4.53
taila-mardana massaging mustard oil on the bodyCC Madhya 25.206
tailańgī-gābhī-gaṇa cows belonging to the Tailańga districtCC Antya 17.12
tam the original cause of material sufferingSB 10.10.17
taṇḍula māgi' begging riceCC Antya 2.107
tāńhā haite from that original catur-vyūhaCC Madhya 20.193
veda-tantrābhyām according to both the original Vedas and ritual tantrasSB 11.5.28
sapta-tantūn the seven kinds of Vedic ritualistic ceremonies, beginning from the agniṣṭoma-yajñaSB 7.3.30
śuklayā tanuvā in His original spiritual form, which is above the modes of material natureSB 5.3.20
tāre māgi' begging themCC Madhya 4.151
tārkika-ādi-gaṇa all persons, beginning with the logiciansCC Adi 7.35
tat-puruṣa-niṣevayā by engaging his life in the service of Kṛṣṇa's representativeSB 6.1.16
tat-vidvān knowing very well the art of singingSB 7.15.72
tat the attitude of my singingSB 7.15.72
tat that service (bringing the chariot before Indra)SB 8.11.17
tat-tat-ātmā as originally different individual soulsSB 10.13.21
tat-tat-ātmā as originally different individual soulsSB 10.13.21
taṭa-stha-ākhya known as marginalCC Adi 2.103
taṭa-sthā-ākhya known as the marginal potencyCC Adi 5.45
taṭa-sthā marginalCC Madhya 8.152
tataḥ prabhṛti beginning from thenSB 6.3.34
tataḥ ārabhya beginning from that timeSB 10.5.18
taṭasthā the marginal potencyCC Madhya 6.160
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa marginal characteristicsCC Madhya 18.126
taṭasthā marginalCC Madhya 20.108-109
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa the marginal characteristicsCC Madhya 20.356
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa the marginal symptomsCC Madhya 20.357
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa marginal characteristicsCC Madhya 20.362
taṭastha-lakṣaṇe marginal symptomsCC Madhya 22.106
taṭastha-lakṣaṇa the marginal symptomCC Madhya 22.151
taṭastha marginalCC Madhya 23.6
tatra there, in the mutual merging of sun and eyeSB 11.15.20
tattvam its original conditionSB 5.11.8
ātma-tattvam the original SupersoulSB 12.12.67
tava kathāmṛtam beginning with the words tava kathāmṛtamCC Madhya 14.10
jayati te 'dhikam beginning with the words jayati te 'dhikamCC Madhya 14.8
kā stry ańga te ślokera of the verse beginning with the words kā stry ańga teCC Antya 20.132
tejaḥ the original formSB 10.51.28
ṭīkayā by imaginary commentaryCC Madhya 24.313
tiruhitā belonging to the Tiruhitā stateCC Madhya 19.92
traya-vidhuraḥ although without beginning, end or middleSB 6.16.36
tretā-mukhe in the beginning of Tretā-yugaSB 6.10.16
tretā-ādiṣu beginning from Tretā-yugaSB 7.14.39
tretā-mukhe in the beginning of the Tretā-yugaSB 9.14.49
tretā-mukhe at the beginning of Tretā-yugaSB 11.17.12
tvam ādyaḥ You are the originalSB 1.7.23
deha-tyāga-ādi beginning with giving up the material bodyCC Antya 4.57
ubhayam belonging to both these categoriesSB 11.22.15
ucca-gāna loud singingCC Madhya 12.141
udāhṛtaḥ has already been described (in the beginning of the Ninth Canto)SB 9.14.14
udarkāḥ bringing as the future resultSB 11.14.11
udarkāṇi bringing in the futureSB 11.10.27-29
udarkāṇi bringing as a future resultSB 11.13.11
udaya of the beginningSB 8.12.7
sūrya-udaya haite beginning from the sunriseCC Madhya 20.389
uddhṛtya digging the earthSB 9.19.4
uddīpayan encouragingSB 8.7.11
udgāyan singing loudly HimselfSB 10.29.44
udgāyan loudly singingSB 10.69.39
udgāyatīnām who were loudly singingSB 10.46.46
udgīta by the singing fluteCC Madhya 19.210
udgīta by the singing fluteCC Antya 7.42
udīcyāḥ belonging to the northSB 12.6.78
uḍiyā devotees belonging to OrissaCC Antya 1.58
udvartana and springing upSB 8.12.19
kṛta-udyamaḥ even though originally intending to do soSB 10.53.24
kṛṣṇa-premera ullāsa the beginning of the flow of love of KṛṣṇaCC Antya 20.11
divya-unmāda-ārambha the beginning of the spiritual trance of Śrī Caitanya MahāprabhuCC Antya 20.123
unmajya emergingSB 10.41.2
unmarda massaging the bodySB 7.12.8
unmarda massaging the bodySB 7.12.12
unmardana by massaging them with oilSB 10.13.23
unmardana massagingSB 10.15.45
unmardana massagingSB 11.27.35
upadeva-gītakaiḥ with singing by the secondary demigods like the GandharvasSB 8.15.21
upāgate just in the beginningSB 2.8.28
upagāyan singing alongSB 11.27.44
upāhṛtya after bringing it backSB 7.15.32-33
upahṛtya bringing forwardSB 10.80.20-22
upākalpya arrangingSB 10.53.34
sarva-upakaraṇāni ca then all sorts of necessities and whatever belongings they hadSB 10.11.31-32
upakrame in the beginningSB 7.12.3
upalabhya upon imaginingSB 3.20.31
upāmantrya begging for His attentionSB 10.27.18
upanayan bringingCC Adi 4.224
upanayan bringingCC Madhya 8.144
upanayana-ādi beginning with offering the sacred thread or training the conditioned soul to qualify as a bona fide brāhmaṇaSB 5.14.30
upanayanaiḥ and bringing homeSB 10.69.33
upānīya dragging Her nearSB 8.12.28
upānīya bringingSB 10.53.5
upanīya bringingSB 11.1.19
upānīya bringingSB 11.17.28
ādya-upānta from beginning to endCC Madhya 18.226
ādya-upānta from beginning to the endCC Madhya 20.65
upāsane in discharging the devotional serviceSB 7.7.38
upāsate begin to worshipBG 13.26
upāvartya bringing nearSB 9.15.34
upayukta-karaṇaḥ engaging all the senses of the body by burningSB 9.2.14
upekṣitaḥ not controlled in the beginningSB 10.4.38
urugāya worth singingSB 2.3.20
utkramatā bulging outSB 3.30.16
utpatti of the originCC Adi 2.93
utpatti beginningCC Adi 16.80
viṣṇu-pāda-utpatti her origin from the lotus feet of the LordCC Adi 16.83
utpattyā from the beginning of His appearanceSB 5.4.1
utpatya after springing upSB 3.19.2
artha-vādaḥ the imaginative interpretationSB 11.28.37
vadanti are lodging this complaintSB 10.8.34
pūtanā-vadha-ādi killing the demons, beginning from PūtanāCC Madhya 20.394
nṛtya-vāditra-gītaiḥ ca by dancing, playing various musical instruments, and singing songsSB 8.21.6-7
vāditra-gīta different varieties of music and singingSB 10.7.4
nāṭya-sańgīta-vāditraiḥ by dancing, by singing and by a musical displaySB 9.23.6
vaham bringingSB 10.66.18
vahatī bringingSB 3.9.9
vahe dischargingCC Adi 17.45
vaicitrī condition bringing about astonishmentCC Antya 14.16
vaikārikam (originally) in the mode of goodnessSB 11.13.9-10
karma-vaiṣamyam discrepancy in discharging fruitive activitiesSB 8.23.15
śrī-vaiṣṇava eka a devotee belonging to the Rāmānuja-sampradāyaCC Madhya 9.82
vaiṣṇavān unto all the Vaiṣṇavas, beginning from Lord Brahmā and others coming from the very start of the creationCC Antya 2.1
vaiṣṇavān unto all the Vaiṣṇavas, beginning from Lord Brahmā and others coming from the very point of creationCC Antya 3.1
vaiṣṇavīḥ belonging to Lord ViṣṇuSB 12.11.4
vaiśyaḥ belonging to the mercantile classCC Madhya 13.80
vaivarṇya changing of bodily colorCC Adi 7.89-90
vaktā the original speakerSB 10.33.26-27
sva-vaṃśam his original dynasty (the Pūru dynasty)SB 9.23.17
vana-okasaḥ the aborigine girls of the forestSB 10.20.27
vāṇīnātha-ādi beginning with VāṇīnāthaCC Antya 9.34
vanitā-ādi beginning with the wifeSB 4.29.54
ādi-anta-vantaḥ who all have a beginning and endSB 7.9.49
ādi-anta-vantaḥ possessing a beginning and endSB 11.14.11
eka-vapu the same original formCC Madhya 20.167
varṇam his original identitySB 8.24.48
varṇī belonging to any caste, or brahmacārī (A brahmacārī may belong to any caste. Anyone can become a brahmacārī, or lead a life of celibacy.)CC Madhya 13.80
vāruṇaiḥ belonging to VaruṇaSB 8.21.26
vaśam ānīya bringing under controlSB 7.4.5-7
vaśamānīya bringing under her controlSB 4.27.1
graiṣma-vāsantikān for four months, beginning with Caitra, on the fifteenth of MaySB 5.9.5
vaṣaṭ-kāram the mantra beginning with the word vaṣaṭSB 9.1.15
vastra-pradāna-prasańga incidents of exchanging clothCC Madhya 1.149
yajña-vāstu-gatam things belonging to the sacrificial arenaSB 9.4.8
vastuni in the original objectSB 6.15.8
vastutaḥ the original substanceSB 5.18.5
vāsudeva-ādi beginning with Lord VāsudevaCC Madhya 20.226
vāsudevāya unto Vāsudeva, the origin of Sańkarṣaṇa, Pradyumna and AniruddhaSB 10.10.33
vāsudevāya unto the original Personality of Godhead, VāsudevaSB 10.10.36
ādi-vasyā uncivilized man, aborigineCC Antya 14.26
sańgīta-vat like singingSB 3.17.10
ādi-anta-vat everything material has a beginning and an endSB 5.10.11
pūrva-vat as originallySB 10.25.28
ādi-anta-vat having a beginning and an endSB 11.28.9
ādi-anta-vat which has a beginning and an endSB 12.4.23
ādi-anta-vat subject to beginning and endSB 12.4.28
anādi-anta-vatā without beginning or endSB 12.4.37
ātma-vatsakān the calves belonging to His own personal friendsSB 10.13.14
kiśora vayase just before the beginning of His youthful lifeCC Adi 13.31
veda the four Vedas (Sāma, Yajur, ṛg and Atharva), the original knowledge given by the Supreme Personality of GodheadSB 8.21.2-3
veda-tantrābhyām according to both the original Vedas and ritual tantrasSB 11.5.28
veda-ādi beginning with the VedasCC Madhya 20.144
vedaḥ the original source of knowledgeSB 1.4.20
vedhase unto the origin of creationSB 10.10.33
veṇu-gīte the singing of the bambooCC Adi 4.251
veṣa-dhāraṇa changing the dressCC Madhya 3.8
kari' veśa-antara changing the dressCC Madhya 16.161
vibhāga kariyā dividing the original ideaCC Antya 1.125
vibhindan diggingSB 3.13.32
rāsa-ārambha-vidhau in the matter of beginning the rāsa danceCC Adi 17.293
vidhāya arrangingSB 6.11.18
traya-vidhuraḥ although without beginning, end or middleSB 6.16.36
tat-vidvān knowing very well the art of singingSB 7.15.72
vidyā-ārambha the beginning of educationCC Adi 15.4
vijñāna-vīryāya O original source of strength and scientific knowledgeSB 3.15.5
vikalpaḥ imaginationSB 6.17.30
vikalpaḥ an imaginary situationSB 10.87.36
vikalpaḥ variety of perception or imaginationSB 11.13.34
vikalpitam imagined as dividedSB 11.3.38
vikāra-ātmakam changing from one type of thinking, feeling and willing to anotherSB 10.1.42
vikarṣaṇaiḥ and draggingSB 10.18.12
vikarṣantam draggingSB 10.11.3
vikarṣantam draggingSB 10.11.6
vikarṣatā by Kṛṣṇa, who was draggingSB 10.11.4
vikatthamānaḥ braggingSB 5.12.7
phala-vikrayiṇī the aborigine fruit vendor, who was an elderly womanSB 10.11.11
vilamba hanging downSB 4.26.23
vilambibhiḥ hangingSB 4.9.55
vilambibhiḥ with hangingsSB 10.69.9-12
vilambinā hangingSB 10.60.3-6
vilambīni hangingSB 10.81.29-32
vilāsa-ādi beginning with transcendental enjoymentCC Madhya 14.183
vināyakam the original GaṇeśaSB 11.27.29
sura-viprayoḥ belonging to the demigods or brāhmaṇasSB 11.27.54
ā-viriñcāt beginning from Lord BrahmāSB 5.15.13
vijñāna-vīryāya O original source of strength and scientific knowledgeSB 3.15.5
kalpita-viṣayaḥ the subject matter is imaginedSB 5.13.26
mahā-viṣṇu the original ViṣṇuCC Adi 6.7
viṣṇu-pāda-utpatti her origin from the lotus feet of the LordCC Adi 16.83
visphūrjat twangingSB 3.21.52-54
visphūrjayan twangingSB 4.10.16
visphūrjya twangingSB 10.54.2
visphūrjya twangingSB 10.68.9-10
viśrāma lodgingCC Madhya 10.92
viśramaṇa helping Him to relax (by massaging His feet)SB 10.59.45
viśramaṇa helping Him to relax (by massaging His feet)SB 10.61.6
viśva-mūlam the origin is the SupremeSB 3.7.16
viśva-bhāvanaḥ the original cause of all cosmic manifestationsSB 6.10.1
viśva-sambhava O origin of the universeSB 10.27.19
vitanvan enlargingSB 3.11.15
vitarkayantaḥ indulging in speculationsSB 3.20.33
vrajendra-kumāra originally Lord Kṛṣṇa, the son of Mahārāja NandaCC Madhya 1.273
vrata-sthāyāḥ who was faithfully discharging her vowSB 6.18.58
vratām whose (virgin) vowSB 10.62.25-26
ā-bāla-vṛddha beginning from the children up to the old personsCC Madhya 4.83
ādi-vṛkṣaḥ this is the original tree or construction of the material body, whether individual or universalSB 10.2.27
vṛṣṇayaḥ the dynasty beginning from VṛṣṇiSB 9.23.29
ayācita-vṛtti accustomed to avoid beggingCC Madhya 4.123
vyabhicāriṇām as they occur in other, changing beingsSB 11.3.38
vyajāyata has originatedBs 5.16
vyakarṣan were draggingSB 6.2.30
kalpita vyākhyāna imaginary explanationsCC Madhya 25.88
ādi-vyāsa the original VyāsadevaCC Antya 20.82
vyavahāraḥ the artificial designations (being fat or skinny, or belonging to the demigods or human beings)SB 5.11.7
ādi-catur-vyūha the original quadruple groupCC Madhya 20.189
yācamānaḥ beggingSB 1.3.19
yācamānam beggingSB 4.25.32
yācamānāya who was begging from himSB 8.13.13
yācan beggingSB 5.13.12
yāce I am beggingSB 10.58.40
yācitvā beggingSB 10.80.14
yācñā-chalena by a trick of beggingSB 5.24.23
nitya-yācñā begging grains every day from the farmersSB 7.11.18-20
yācñā beggingSB 8.15.1-2
yācñā beggingSB 10.23.47
yācñā beggingSB 10.58.40
yācñā-chalena on the excuse of begging for charitySB 11.4.20
yācñā beggingSB 11.25.2-5
yācñām beggingSB 2.7.17
yācñayā by beggingSB 5.9.9-10
yācñayā by the beggingSB 9.5.12
yādavāḥ the dynasty beginning from YaduSB 9.23.29
yajña-vāstu-gatam things belonging to the sacrificial arenaSB 9.4.8
yama-ādibhiḥ beginning with yamaSB 3.27.6
yāpanāḥ bringing to an endSB 3.22.35
yat-mūlaḥ the origin of whichSB 5.6.5
yat-mūlāḥ the original cause of all theseSB 7.13.34
āniyā yatane bringing very carefullyCC Antya 19.13
yathā-āgatam just as they had originally comeSB 12.3.6
yauthikān belonging to the herdSB 5.8.9
prathama yauvana the beginning of youthCC Antya 3.112
yoga-hetave the original master of all mystic powerSB 8.16.33
yoga-sambhava O origin of all mystic powerSB 11.7.14
bhajanera yogya fit for discharging devotional serviceCC Antya 4.66
yojayan engagingSB 5.5.15
śabda-yoniḥ the origin and source of Vedic literatureSB 8.7.25
yonyā whose originSB 10.89.4
ańghri-yugmam anukṛṣya dragging Their legsSB 10.8.22
bhakti-yuktena by discharging devotional serviceSB 3.24.47
yuñjan engaging in yoga practiceBG 6.28
yuñjan engagingSB 11.13.12
yuñjānānām who are engaging themselvesSB 10.51.60
yuñjataḥ of one engaging inSB 11.15.33
 

abhiprokṣaṅa

sponging over the body with water or medicated liquids.

acaraṅā

1. itch and pain in vagina due to lack of hygiene; 2. improper conduct .

agnijāra

amber; ambergins; it is a dried part of the feces of whale fish available on sea shores; decomposed intestinal and uterine part of whale fish, smells good after long time and used in medicine.

āmraharidra

Plant mango-ginger; rhizome of Curcuma amada.

ānala

belonging to god of fire.

anulomana

1. purging; push excretory products out of the body; 2. carminative, that prevents formation of gas in the digestive system.

āragvadha

Plant purging fistula, Cassia fistula, C. rhombifolia; golden shower tree; pudding pipe tree.

ārambhavāda

(ārambha.vāda) theory of atomic agglomeration; theory of spontaneous/unpromted origin of the universe.

ārdraka

1. Plant ginger; fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale; 2. wet, moist.

aticaraṇā

pain in vagina and lower abdomen due to over indulgence in sex.

avalambakasleshma

clinging phlegm; one of the five variants of sleṣma or kapha.

bhaga

vagina.

caturbhadrakam

Plant four gentle herbs : nāgaram (dry ginger), ativiṣa (aconite), musta (nut grass or Cyperus rotundus), guḍūci (Tinospora cardifolia).

cyavanaprāśa

rejuvenating and anti-aeging preparation with the main ingredient of myrobalan, invented by sage Cyavana. It contains 48 ingredients and indicated in debility, gout, respir diseases, loss of appetite et Century

danta

teeth, dantabhanjana loss of teeth, dantacala loose tooth, danta grāhi chilling of teeth due to cold beverages; dantakapālika tartar forming flakes; krimidanta dental caries, dantaharṣa morbid sensitiveness of teeth, intolerance to cold; dantamāmsas gums; dantanāḍi dental sinus; dantapuppuṭa gum boil, gingivitis; dantaśalāka toothpick, dantaśarkara tartar, dantaśaṭha bad for teeth ex: citrus; dantaśūla toothache, dantavaidarbha loose teeth due to injury; dantavardhana extra tooth; dantaveṣṭa pyorrhoea alveolaris, formation of pus in teeth.

dhanurāsana

bow pose; a yogic posture resmebling a bow; lying on abdomen and both hands holding feet benging the spine to the maximum.

dhāvana

running, jogging.

dhyeya

to be pondered or imagined; to be meditated on.

ḍolayantra

swinging apparatus used to detoxify mineral and herbal raw material.

dravanti

Plant purging nut, dried seeds of Jatropha glandulifera.

duṣṭapārīṣa

Plant Indian stinging nettle, Tragia involucrata.

gauḍapāda

philosopher of advaita sect belonging to 8th Century A.D; Śankara’s teacher’s teacher.

ghoṣa

Plant dill plant; singing in the ear; noise; bell-metal.

grāhi

1. absorbent; that counters purging; 2. astringent.

hindola

swinging cradle or hammock.

iḍā

twining tubular vessel on the left side of the body; an imaginary energy channel according to yoga.

jaṅgama

moving, movable; jaṅgamadravya drug of animal origin, ex. horn of stag.

jarāyuja

viviparous; bringing forth living young rather than eggs. ex: mammals.

jatru

collar bones and cartilages of breast bone; xiphisternum, a small cartilaginous process (extension) of the lower part of the sternum.

jiñgini

Plant wodier tree, Lannea coromandical, L. grandis.

kaphāri

Plant dry ginger.

karṇīka

vaginal polyp.

karṇiṇi

disease in women, obstruction of vaginal discharge due to polups.

kembuka

Plant crepe ginger, rhizome of Costus speciosus. Inula recemosa is used in north India as kembuka.

kūpipakvarasāyana

pharmaceutical preparation made from substances of mineral and metallic origin using a glass flask (kāckūpi), ex: makaradhvaja.

liṅgini

Go to śivapriya

madanamañjari

Go to jiñgini.

mālkangini

Go to jyotiṣmati.

mardana

1. rubbing, massaging, 2. grinding, rubbing, washing ores and metallic substances with extracts of plants.

mūṣikāparni

Plant water mass azolla; green edible leaves of Merremia emarginata; Silvinia cucullata too is similar to it.

gini

women who delivers dead foetus.

nirghātana

bringing out, forcing out.

niscalakara

āyurveda scholar and disciple of Vijayarakṣita belonging to Bengal region and adherent of Buddhism, 12th Century

pānḍurāsrigdhara

whitish discharge from vagina, leucorrhoea.

paripluta

flooded, immersed, a condition in which vagina becomes swollen and painful with yellow or blue discharge.

paripoṭa

inflammation of ear lobe; peeling off of earlobe due to hangings.

phenila

1. foamy, frothy; 2. Plant soapnut, Sapindus detergens; 3. notched leaf soapnut, Sapindus emarginatus.

piśāca

ghost; piśācakāya demonical body; person with traits similar to a demon like cruelty, fond of adventures, lack of shyness, longing for women and eating food left by others.

pradara

excessive vaginal discharge, leucorrhoea.

prāśa

1. feeding upon; food; 2. ardent desire or longing for.

pravilambita

body parts hanging loose due to accident.

rājasa

belonging to or relating to rajas.

sanjīvani

Plant a medicinal herb that revivifies; some plants which are identified as sanjīvani are Cressa critica (littoral bindweed), Selaginella bryopteris, Desmothecum fimbriatus, Tinospora cardifolia, Malaxis acuminata, Mycrosylus willichi, Actiniopteris radiata.

śaṭī,śaṭhi

Plant 1. spiked ginger lily, dried rhizome of Hedychium spicatum; 2. Kaempferia galanga; 3. Curcuma zedoaria; C. zerumbet.

śītāda

scorbutic gingivitis; spongy gums; scurvy; an early stage of periodontal disease.

stāvara

stationary, belonging to vegetable and mineral origin.

śuṇṭhi

Plant dry ginger, dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale.

śuṣkayoni

dry and painful vagina.

śvetapradara

leucorrhoea, thick whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge.

śvetakhadira

Plant Acacia ferruginea, Mimosa ferruginea. Acacia leucophloea, Mimosa suma.

śvetapradara

leucorrhoea, whitish discharge from vagina.

tila

Plant sesame, gingelly oil, Sesamum indicum

trikaṭu

three pungents ṣunṭhi, pippali, marīca; trikaṭucūrna powder-mix of three pungents: dry ginger, long pepper and pepper.

turuṣka

1. Turkish or belonging to Turkey; 2. Plant oriental sweet gum, Liquidambar orientalis.

upakuśa

1. ulcerative gingivitis; 2. pyorrhea or peridontitis.

upapluta

whitish and yellowish discharge from vagina and painful, associated with swelling.

upastha

1. the part which is under; 2. sit down with legs bent; 3. vagina, reproductive organ.

utsangini

eye disease; pimples in the inner edge of eyelid.

uttaravasti

urethra injection pipe; sending medicated fluids into vagina; vaginal douche; urethral and uterine enema & bladder wash.

vaidyajīvanam

Doctor’s Livelihood; a handbook for practitioners authored by Lolambarāja (16th Century ) belonging to Maharashtra region.

vāminiyoniroga

semen expelled from vagina after few days, with or without pain.

varti

suppository, applied to produce a local action on the rectum or vagina, wick, bougie; roll of cloth.

vasuka

1. Plant various plants: Calatropis gingantea, Agati grandiflora, Adhatoda vasika, Borreria articularis, Indigofera enneaphylla, Osmanthus fragrans and Chenopodium; Spermacoce hispida; 2. a kind of salt.

vaya

age, vayastāpana maintain and preserve the freshness of youth, life-prolonging.

veda

a large body of texts in pre-Panini Sanskrit belonging to ancient Indian literature. The vedic verses were divided into 4 sections Ṛgveda, Yajurveḍa, Sāmaveda and Atharvaveḍa. Some verses are recited in religious functions.

veśavāra

1.ginger (sunṭhi), pepper (marīca), long pepper (pippali), coriander (dhānyaka),black cumin (ajāji), pomegranate (dāḍima), piper chaba (pippalimūlam) together are known as veśavāra; 2. boneless meat minced, steamed and added with spices, ghee et Century

vimlāpana

resolution by massaging.

vipluta

unremitting pain in vagina, associated with infertility.

virūdhaka

grain or vegetables that begin to sprout.

viṣa

poison, viṣakanya venomous virgin.

yavana

1. foreigner; 2. a citizen of Greece; 3. person of Turuṣka/Turkish origin

yogacintāmaṇi

a text written by Gorakṣanāth, probably a south Indian Siddhar or a person belonging to Nath-sampradaya or north India in 11th or 12th centuries.

yoni

1.vagina; 2. source.

yonikanda

vaginal cyst or tumour.

yonisaṃvaraṇa

contraction of vagina.

yonivarti

vaginal suppository.

yonivyāpad

disease of the vagina.

Wordnet Search
"gin" has 46 results.

gin

udyogin, prayatnavat, udyukta, karmodyukta, analasa, sayatna, vyavasāyin, karmin, sodyoga, karmaniṣṭha   

yaḥ kārye ramate।

mama mātā udyoginī asti।

gin

agrajā, jyeṣṭha-bhaginī, attikā   

vayasā adhikā bhaginī।

mama agrajā adhyāpikā asti।

gin

bhaginī, svasā, bhaginīkā, bhagnī, svayoniḥ, jāmiḥ, yāmiḥ   

sā strī yā kasyacana puruṣasya kasyāścana mātuḥ udarāt jātā strī tathā ca mātulādīnāṃ putrī athavā dharmādyādhāreṇa svasṛtvena abhimatā strī।

mama bhagineḥ svabhāvaḥ mṛdu asti।

gin

svasā, bhaginī, sahodarā, sodaryo   

svasya pitroḥ kanyā।

rādhā mama svasā। /svasāramādāya vidarbhanāthaḥ purapraveśābhimukho babhūva।

gin

sarpiṇī, sarpī, bhujaṅginī   

sarpabhāryā।

etad sarpiṇyāḥ aṇḍam asti।

gin

udyogin, udyamin, udyamaśīla, prayatnaśīla   

yaḥ prayatati।

udyoginaḥ puruṣasya kṛte kimapi asambhavaṃ nāsti। / udyoginaṃ puruṣasiṃhamupaiti lakṣmīrdaivena deyamiti kāpuruṣā vadanti।, daivaṃ nihatyakuru pauruṣamātmaśaktyā yatne kṛte yadi na siddhyati ko'tra doṣaḥ।।(nītisāra 13)

gin

nirudyogin, nirudyoga, anudyoga, alasa, ālasya, ālasyaśīla, manda, manthara, mandara, anudyogaśīla, udyogadveṣin, udyogavimukha, manākkara, kuṇṭha, jaḍa, śīta, tandrālu, mandagati   

yaḥ karmaśīlaḥ nāsti।

nirudyoginaḥ vyakteḥ jīvanaṃ kāṭhinyena paripūrṇam।

gin

śṛṅgin, śṛṅgiṇa, viṣāṇin   

śṛṅgaviśiṣṭaḥ।

gauḥ śṛṅgī paśuḥ asti।

gin

vatsala, snehin, snigdha, snehaśīla, suhṛttama, anurāgin, prītimat, hita, praṇayin, sapraṇaya, jātahārda   

yaḥ snihyati।

asmākaṃ guruvaryaḥ vatsalaḥ asti।

gin

nirāmaya, vārta, kalya, uttama, kuśala, kuśalavat, nīruja, kuśalin, kuśali, nirvyādhi, paṭu, ullāgha, laghu, agada, nirjvara, vigada, viroga, anāmaya, aruk aroga, arogin, arogya āyuṣmat, ārogyavat, nirātaṅka, ayakṣma, sahārogya, sustha, susthita   

nirgataḥ āmayo yasmāt।

sarve nirāmayāḥ santu।

gin

janopayogin, lokopayogin, sarvabhogya   

lokānām upayogārthaḥ padārthaḥ।

sajjanānāṃ sarvaṃ lokopayogi vartate।

gin

anāvaśyaka, nirarthaka, vyartha, anupayogin, apārthaka   

yaḥ upayogī nāsti atha vā yasya upayogaḥ nāsti।

etad vastu bhavadarthe anāvaśyakaṃ vartate।

gin

upayogin, upakāraka, upakārin, sopakāra, mahopakāra, prayogin, sārthaka, sārtha, arthakara, arthada, arthavat   

upayuktadravyādiḥ।

bālakānāṃ kṛte eṣaḥ granthaḥ upayogī asti।

gin

virakta, saṃnyāsin, virāgin   

yasya saṃsāre āsaktiḥ nāsti।

jarāmṛtyū dṛṣṭvā bhagavān buddhaḥ viraktaḥ jātaḥ।

gin

anurakta, anurāgin   

premṇā āsaktaḥ।

anuraktasya pururavasaḥ kṛte urvaśī svargaṃ tyaktvā mṛtyulokam āgatā।

gin

prāśṛṅginī   

sā gauḥ yasyāḥ śṛṅgau adhodiśi gacchataḥ।

prāśṛṅginyāḥ dugdhaṃ miṣṭam asti iti kecana janāḥ manyante।

gin

vetanabhogin   

yaḥ vetanaṃ prāpnoti।

saḥ vetanabhogī karmakaraḥ kiṃ tu trayāṇāṃ māsānāṃ vetanaṃ tena na prāptam।

gin

bālopayogin   

yaḥ bālakānāṃ kṛte upayuktaḥ asti।

śyāmaḥ bālopayoginaṃ granthaṃ paṭhati।

gin

druta, ajira, raṃhita, vegavat, vegin, śīghra, śravasya, savega, satvara   

yaḥ vegena calati tathā ca yasya gatiḥ tvarāyuktā asti।

sā drutayā gatyā gantavyaṃ pratigacchati।

gin

jihma, vakra, tiryañc, añcita, arāla, ānata, ābhogin, kuñcita, kuṭila, kuṭilaka, kubja, krukta, kṣveḍa, pratikuñcita, bandhura, bandhurita, manthara, vaṅkya, vijihma, vellita   

asaralaḥ vakratāpūrṇaḥ ca।

mandiraṃ prati gamyamānā paddhatiḥ jihmā asti।

gin

nirudyogī, nirudyoginī   

yaḥ kimapi kāryaṃ na karoti।

asmākaṃ grāme dvau caturaḥ vā nirudyoginaḥ prāpsyasi eva।

gin

āvuttaḥ, bhaginīpatiḥ, bhāmahaḥ   

svasuḥ bhartā।

arjunaḥ pradyumnasya āvuttaḥ।

gin

bhāgineyaḥ, svasrīyaḥ, svasriyaḥ, bhaginīputraḥ   

bhaginyāḥ putraḥ।

kṛṣṇaḥ kaṃsasya bhāgineyaḥ।

gin

bhāgineyī, bhaginīputrī   

bhaginyaḥ strī apatyam।

subhadrā kaṃsasya bhāgineyī।

gin

vikala, vikalāṅgin   

yasya hastaḥ chinnaḥ vā yogyarūpeṇa kāryaṃ na karoti।

vikalaḥ puruṣaḥ mārge sthitvā bhikṣāṃ yācati।

gin

tapasvinī, yoginī   

yogayuktā tapoyuktā vā strī।

guhāpraviṣṭaḥ saḥ śivaliṅgasya purataḥ upaviṣṭāṃ śvetavastradhāriṇīṃ tapasvinīm apaśyat।

gin

arṇavapotaḥ, samudrayānam, kaṇṭhālaḥ, jalayānam, tarantī, nāvaḥ, naukā, nau, pariplavaḥ, potram, bohitthaḥ, bohittham, maṅginī, rokam, vārbaṭaḥ, vārvaṭaḥ   

yantracālitaṃ tat yānaṃ yad samudraṃ gacchati।

hyaḥ asmābhiḥ bhāratadeśasya nausenāyāḥ virāṭa iti arṇavapotaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ।

gin

tyāgin   

varjanaśīlaḥ।

tyāgī rāmadāsaḥ svasya jīvanaṃ samājasya sevāyāṃ vyatyagāt।

gin

sambhogin, anugāmin, abhigāmin   

yaḥ sambhogaṃ karoti।

sambhogād anantaraṃ sambhogī santuṣṭaḥ abhavat।

gin

ginī   

ekaḥ khagaprakāraḥ;

ginī aphrīkākhaṇḍe asti

gin

ginī-bisovadeśīya-pesauḥ   

ginī-bisovadeśe pracalitā mudrā।

ekasya ginī-bisovadeśīya-pesāḥ kati rupyakāṇāṃ tulyaḥ asti।

gin

apratiyogin   

yaḥ pratiyogī nāsti।

apratiyoginā manuṣyeṇa krīḍāṅgaṇāt bahiḥ gantavyam।

gin

vikalaḥ, vikalā, vikalāṅgī, vikalāṅginī, hīnāṅgaḥ, hīnāṅgī, aṅgavikalaḥ, aṅgavikalā   

yasya hastaḥ avayavaḥ vā yogyarūreṇa kāryaṃ na karoti।

ekaḥ vikalaḥ mukhe lekhanīṃ dhṛtvā likhati।

gin

kopalatā, ardhacandrikā, analaprabhā, kaṭabhī, kanakaprabhā, kukundanī, kaiḍaryaḥ, gīrlatā, jyotiṣkā, jyotirlatā, tīktakā, tīkṣṇā, dīptaḥ, niphalā, paṇyā, parāpatapadī, pītatailā, piṇyā, pūtitailā, bahurasā, matidā, lagaṇā, latā, latāpuṭakī, lavaṇaḥ, vāyasādanī, śṛṅgin, śleṣmaghnī, sarasvatī, supiṅgalā, suvegā, suvarṇalatā, svarṇalatā, sumedhas, sphuṭavalkalī, sphuṭaraṅgiṇī   

ekā latā।

kopalatā oṣadhyāṃ prayujyate।

gin

rañjita, abhirañjita, pratirañjita, rāgānvita, rāgavat, varṇagata, vicitrita, rāgin, varṇin   

varṇayuktaṃ varṇaiḥ pūritaṃ vā।

kāścana vidhavāḥ rañjitāni vastrāṇi na dhārayanti।

gin

haṭhayogin   

haṭhayogasya haṭhavidyāyāḥ vā sādhakaḥ।

matsyendranāthaḥ haṭhayogibhiḥ sādhubhiḥ gaṇyate।

gin

abhāgin   

yaḥ kopi aṃśaṃ na prāpnoti।

abhāgī putraḥ sadaiva svapituḥ nindāṃ karoti sma।

gin

vikalāṅga, vyaṅgin, vikala   

yasya hastayoḥ pādayoḥ vā vaikalyam asti।asyāṃ;

pratiyogitāyāṃ vikalāṅgāḥ janāḥ eva bhāgaṃ grahītuṃ śaknuvanti।

gin

viṣayāsakta, viṣayaiṣin, bhogin   

viṣayasukhagrahaṇe eva yaḥ magnaḥ।

viṣayāsaktaḥ manuṣyaḥ niraṅkuśāvasthāyāṃ rugṇaḥ bhavati।

gin

upayukta, upayogin   

yasya upayogaḥ kartuṃ śakyate।

ekam eva vastu kasyacit kṛte upayuktaṃ tathā ca anyasya kṛte anupayuktaṃ bhavitum arhati।

gin

anadhyavasāyin, aprayatnaśīla, alpaceṣṭita, anudyamin, anudyogin, alasa, gehemehin, jihma, nirūdyama, niryatna, niṣkriyātman   

yaḥ prayatitum anutsukaḥ asti।

anadhyavasāyī manuṣyaḥ kadāpi yaśaḥ na prāpnoti।

gin

sphuliṅginī   

agneḥ saptasu jihvāsu ekā।

sphuliṅginyāḥ varṇanaṃ purāṇeṣu prāpyate।

gin

anudyogin   

udyogahīnaḥ।

anudyoginā manuṣyeṇa vivāhaṃ kartuṃ sā avamanyate।

gin

taraṅgita, taraṅgin, vilola, ullola   

ūrmīṇām iva cañcalaḥ।

ātape taraṅgitasya jalasya śobhā tu avarṇanīyā eva।

gin

tuṅginī   

ekaḥ kṣupaḥ ।

tuṅginyāḥ ullekhaḥ kośe vartate

gin

tuṅginī   

ekaḥ kṣupaḥ ।

tuṅginyāḥ ullekhaḥ kośe vartate

Parse Time: 2.365s Search Word: gin Input Encoding: IAST: gin