ataddhita an affix which is not a taddhita affix. confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). et cetera, and others taddhita a term of the ancient prePaninian grammarians used by Panini just like सर्वनामन् or अव्यय without giving any specific definition of it. The term occurs in the Nirukta of Yaska and the Vajasaneyi-Pratisakhya ; confer, compare Nirukta of Yāska. confer, compare et cetera, and others et cetera, and others et cetera, and others et cetera, and others a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. taddhita kośa a work on the taddhita section written by Siromani Bhattacarya, who has also written तिङन्तशिरोमणि. aṇādi a term applied to all taddhita suffixes collectively as they begin with अण् confer, compare anabhihita not conveyed or expressed by another id est, that is a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. dative case ablative case. locative case anitya (1) not nitya or obligatory optional; said of a rule or paribhāṣā whose application is voluntary). Regarding the case and con= jugational affixes it can be said that those affixes can, in a way: be looked upon as nitya or obligatory, as they have to be affixed to a crude nominal base or a root; there being a dictum that no crude base without an affix can be used as also, no affix alone without a base can be usedition Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). arīhaṇādi a group of words given in P. IV.2.80 which get the taddhita affix घुञ् ( अक ) added to them as a cāturarthika affix e. g. अारीहणकम्, द्रौघणकम् et cetera, and others arśaādi a class of words which take the taddhita affix अच्(अ) in the sense of the affix मतुप् i. e.in the sense of possession; cf अर्शति अस्य विद्यन्ते अर्शसः । उरस:। आकृतिगणश्चायम् यत्राभिन्नरूपेण शब्देन तद्वतोभिधानं तत् सर्वमिह द्रष्टव्यम् Kāś. on P. V.2.127. aviravikanyāya a maxim mentioned by Patañjali in connection with the word आविक where the taddhita affix ठक् (इक), although prescribed after the word अवि in the sense of 'flesh of sheep' (अवेः मांसम्), is actually put always after the base अविक and never after अवि. The maxim shows the actual application of an affix to something allied to, or similar to the base, and not to the actual base as is sometimes found in popular use confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). aśmādi a class of words headed by the word अश्मन् to which the taddhita affix र is applied in the four senses specified in P.IV.2.67 to 70; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare aśvapatyādi a class of words headed by अश्वपति to which the taddhita affix अण् (अ) is added in the senses mentioned in rules before the rule तेन दीव्यति० P.IV.4.2, which are technically called the Prāgdīvyatiya senses. e g. अश्वपतम्, गाणपतम्. गार्हपतम् et cetera, and others aśvādi (1) a class of words headed by the word अश्व to which the affix फञ्(अायन) is added in the sense of गोत्र (grandchildren et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare as (1) case affix of the nominative and accusative plural and the ablative and genitive singular (जस् , शस्, ङसि and ङस् ) (2) taddhita affix अस् ( असि ) added to पूर्व, अधर and अवर, by P.V.3.39: (3) compoundending अस् ( असिच् ) applied to the words प्रजा and मेधा standing at the end of a Bahuvrīhi compound (P.V.4.122): (4) Uṇādi affix अस् prescribed by the rule सर्वधातुभ्योऽसुन् and subsequent rules (628-678) to form words such as मनस्,सरस् et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare ākarṣādi a class of words headed by the word आकर्ष to which the taddhita affix कन् (क) is applied in the sense of clever or expert; e. g. आकर्षकः, त्सरुकः, शकुनिकः et cetera, and others confer, compare ika (1) substitute for the affix ठ given as ठक्, ठञ् or ञिठ् by Pāṇini; confer, compare kṛt (affix). exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Vārttika (on the Sūtra of Pāṇini). iṣṭādi a class of words headed by the word इष्ट to which the taddhita affix इन् ( इनि ) is added in the sense of अनेन i. e. 'by him' i. e. by the agent of the activity denoted by the past passive voice. confer, compare et cetera, and others iṣṭha the superlative taddhita affix. et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare ukthādi a class of words headed by the word उक्थ to which the taddhita affix इक (ठक् ) is applied in the sense of 'one who studies and understands'; confer, compare utkarādi a class of words headed by the word उत्कर, to which the taddhita affix छ is added in the four senses, the affix being popularly known as चातुरर्थिक; confer, compare et cetera, and others utsaṅgādi a class of words headed by the word उत्सङ्ग, to which the taddhita affix इक् ( ठ ) is added in the sense of तेन हरति (takes away by means of): confer, compare utsādi a class of words headed by the word उत्स to which the taddhita affix अञ्, instead of the usual affixes अण् and others, is added in the sense of an offspring: confer, compare et cetera, and others udgātrādi a class of words headed by the word उद्गातृ to which the taddhita affix अञ् is added in the sense of 'nature' or 'profession'; confer, compare upakādi a class of words headed by the word उपक after which the taddhita affix, added in the sense of गोत्र ( grand-children et cetera, and others confer, compare ūryādi a class of words headed by the words ऊरी उररी et cetera, and others et cetera, and others et cetera, and others ṛgayanādi a class of words headed by ऋगयन to which the taddhita affix अण् (अ) is affixed in the sense of 'produced therein' ( तत्र भवः), or 'explanatory of' ( तस्य व्याख्यानः); confer, compare et cetera, and others ṛśyādi a class of words headed by the word ऋश्य to which the taddhita affix क is added in the four senses prescribed in the rules IV. 2.67-70; e. g. ऋश्यकः, न्यग्रोधकः et cetera, and others confer, compare ṛṣyaṇ taddhita affix अण् in the sense of 'descendant' applied to names of ancient sages, by the rule ऋष्यन्धकवृष्णिकुरुभ्यश्च P.IV.1.114; exempli gratia, for example airak taddhita affix ऐर applied to the word चटका in the sense of offspring to form the word चाटकैर; cf चटकाया ऐरक् P.IV.1.128. aiṣukāryādi a class of words headed by the word एषुकारि to which the taddhita affix भक्त is added in the sense of 'place of residence'; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare kacchādi a class of words headed by कच्छ to which the taddhita affix अण् is added in the miscellaneous (शैषिक) senses, provided the word, to which the affix अण् is to be added, is the name of a country; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare karṇādi (1) a class of words headed by कर्ण to which the taddhita affix अायन ( फिञ् ) is applied in the four senses given in P.IV.2.67-70; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example confer, compare kalyāṇyādi a class of words headed by the word कल्याणी to which the taddhita affix एय (ढक्) is added, in the sense of 'offspring' and, side by side, the ending इन् (इनड्) is substituted for the last letter of those words; e. g. काल्याणिनेयः, सौभागिनेयः confer, compare kātantra name of an important small treatise on grammar which appears like a systematic abridgment of the Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī. Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. Kālāpa-vyākaraṇasūtra. kāśādi a class of words headed by the word काश to which the taddhita affix इल is affixed in the four senses stated in P.IV.2.67-70 exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare kāśyādi a class of words headed by the words काशि, चेदि and others to which the taddhita affixes ठञ् and ञिठ are added in the miscellaneous senses; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare feminine. confer, compare kit (1) marked with the mute letter क् which is applied by Pāṇini to affixes, for preventing guṇa and vṛddhi substitutes to the preceding इक् vowel (इ, उ, ऋ or लृ); confer, compare confer, compare et cetera, and others edition kiśarādi,kisarādi a class of words headed by किसर meaning some kind of scent, which get the taddhita affix इक (ष्टन्) applied to them when the word so formed means 'a dealer of that thing;' exempli gratia, for example kuñjādi a class of words headed by कुञ्ज to which the taddhita affix अायन (च्फञ्) is applied in the sense of गोत्र i. e. grandchildren etc e. g. कौञ्जायनाः confer, compare kumudādi class of words (१) consisting of कुमुद, शर्करा, न्यग्रोध et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare kurvādi a class of words headed by the word कुरु to which the taddhita affix य ( ण्य ) is added in the sense of अपत्य or descendant; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare kulālādi a class of words headed by the word कुलाल to which the taddhita affix अक ( वुञ्) is applied in the sense of 'made by', provided the word so formed is used as a proper noun; e g.कौलालकम् , वारुडकम्; confer, compare kṛśāśvādi a class of words headed by the word कृशाश्वं to which the taddhita affix ईय (छण् ) is applied in the four senses given in P.IV.2. 67-70, exempli gratia, for example confer, compare kramādi a class of words headed by the word क्रम to which the taddhita affix अक (वुञ् ) is added in the sense of 'one who studies and understands'; e. g. क्रमकः, पदकः, मीमांसकः, शिक्षकः et cetera, and others confer, compare kroḍādi a class of words headed by the word क्रोड to which the taddhita affix य ( ष्यङ् ) is added in the sense of a female descendant; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare gahādi a class of words headed by the word गह to which the taddhita affix ईय (छ) is added in the Saisika or miscellaneous senses; e. g. गहीयम् , अन्तस्थीयम्; this class called 'gahiya' is looked upon as अाकृतिगण, and hence the words वैणुकीयम् वैत्रकीयम् and the like could be explained as correct; cf Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. guḍādi a class of words headed by the word गुड to which the taddhita affix इक ( ठञ् ) is added in the sense of 'good therein'; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. gṛṣṭyādi a class of words headed by the word गृष्टि to which the taddhita affix एय (ढञ्) is affixed in the sense off 'an offspring' ( अपत्य): e g. गार्ष्टेयः, हालेयः et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. gopavanādi a class of eight words headed by the word गोपवन, the taddhita affix in the sense of गोत्र ( i. e. a descendant excepting a son or a daughter) such as the affix यञ् or अञू after which, is not elided in the plural number; c. g. गौपवना:, शौग्रवा: et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. goṣadādi a class of words to which the taddhita affix अक ( वुन् ) is added in the sense of possession provided the word so formed refers to a chapter ( अध्याय ) or a section ( अनुवाक ) c. दैवासुरः, वैमुक्तः et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. cāturarthika the affixes prescribed in the four senses mentioned in P. IV.2.67-70. These taddhita affixes are given in the Sutras IV.2.71 to IV.2.91. The term चातुरर्थिक is used for these afixes by commentators on Panini sutras. ch the second consonant of the palatal class of consonants ( चवर्ग ), which is possessed of the properties श्वास, अघोष, मह्याप्राण and कण्ठविवृतकारित्व. छ् , placed at the beginning of affixes, is mute; while ईय् is substituted for छ् standing at the beginning of taddhita affixes; confer, compare confer, compare ñ (1) the nasal (fifth consonant) of the palatal class of consonants possessed of the properties नादानुप्रदान, घोष, कण्टसंवृतत्व, अल्पप्राण and अानुनासिक्य; (2) mute letter, characterized by which an affix signifies वृद्धि for the preceding vowel; ञ् of a taddhita affix, however, signifies वृद्धि for the first vowel of the word to which the affix is added; (3) a mute letter added to a root at the end to signify that the root takes verb-endings of both the padas. ñya taddhita affix य signifying the substitution of vrddhi as also the acute accent for the first vowel of the word to which it is addedition exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare et cetera, and others et cetera, and others confer, compare exempli gratia, for example confer, compare confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare ṭh the second consonant of the lingual class possessed of the properties श्वासानुप्रदान, अघोष, विवृतकण्टत्व and महाप्राणत्व. For the syllable ठ at the beginning of taddhita affixes, the syllable इक is substituted; if however the affix (beginning with ठ ) follows upon a word ending in इस्, उस्, उ, ऋ, लृ and त् then क is added instead of इक; e. g. धानुष्क:, औदश्वित्कः et cetera, and others confer, compare a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. confer, compare ṭhakpāda a popular name given to the fourth pada of the fourth adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayi.The pada begins with the rule प्राग्वहतेष्ठक् P.IV.4.1 prescribing the taddhita affix ठक् in the senses prescribed in rules be. ginning with the next rule ' तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम् ' and ending with the rule 'निकटे वसति' P.IV.4.73. ṇit (1) an affix with the mute con.sonant ण् added to it to signify the substitution of vrddhi for the preceding vowel or for the penultimate अ or for the first vowel of the word if the affix applied is a taddhita affix; confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare takṣaśilādi a class of words headed by तक्षशिला to which the taddhita affix अ ( अञ् ) is added in the sense of 'a native place or a domicile'. The word so formed has the acute accent on its first vowel; e. g. ताक्षशिलः वात्सोद्वरणः; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. tadrāja the taddhita affixes अञ्,अण्,ञ्यङ, ण्य, as also इञ्, छ्, ञ्युट्, ण्य, टेण्यण् and यञ् given in the rules of Panini IV. 1.168-174 and V.3. 112-119. They are called तद्राज as they are applied to such words as mean both the country and the warrior race or clan ( क्षत्त्रिय ): confer, compare confer, compare tasilādi a class of taddhita affixes headed by the affix तस् ( तसिल् ) as given by Panini in his sutras from पञ्चम्यास्तसिल् P. V. 3. 7. upto संख्यायाः क्रियाभ्यावृत्तिगणने कृत्वसुच् V.3.17; confer, compare confer, compare tārakādi a class of words headed by the word तारका and containing prominently the words पुष्प, कण्टक, मुकुल, कुसुम, पल्लव, बुभुक्षा, ज्वर and many others numbering more than ninety, to which the taddhita affix इत (इतच्) is added in the sense of 'containing'. As this class, called तारकादि, is looked upon as आकृतिगण, nouns with इत added at their end, are supposed to be included in it; confer, compare tikakitavādi a class of compound words headed by the dvandva compound तिककितव in which the taddhita affixes added to the constituent members of the compound are dropped when the dvandva compound is to be used in the plural number; तैकायनयश्च कैतवायनयश्च तिककितवाः; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. tikādi a class of words headed by the words तिक, केितव, संज्ञा and others to which the taddhita affix अायनि (फिञ्) causing the substitution of vrddhi is added in the sense of 'a descendant'; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. tundādi a very small class of words headed by the word तुन्द to which the taddhita affix इल ( इलच् ) is added in the sense of possession ( मत्वर्थ ). The affix इल is optional and the other affixes इन् , इक and मत् are also added; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. tṛṇādi a class of words to which the taddhita affix श is added in the four senses given in P. IV. 2.67 to 70; e. g. तृणशः, नडशः, पर्णशः et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. taulvalyādi a class of words headed by the word तौल्वलि, the taddhita affix in the sense of युवन् ( grandchild ) placed after which is not elided by P. II. 4. 60; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. daṇḍādi a class of words headed by the word दण्ड to which the taddhita affix य, is added in the sense of 'deserving', confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. dāmanyādi a class of words headed by the word दामनि to which the taddhita affix छ is added without any change of sense: exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. dvārādi a class of words headed by the word द्वार् which get the augment ऐच् (id est, that is et cetera, and others Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. dvyādi a class of pronouns headed by the pronoun द्वि to which the taddhita affixes called विभक्ति, as prescribed by the rules of Panini in the rule पञ्चम्यास्तसिल् and the following ones, are not addedition confer, compare nadyādi a class of words headed by नदी, मही and other feminine. exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. pakṣādi a class of words headed by the word पक्ष to which the taddhita affix अायन ( फक् ) causing vŗddhi is added in the four senses given in P. IV. 2.67-70; e. g. पाक्षायण:, अाश्मायनः et cetera, and others confer, compare pāśādi a class of words headed by the word पाश to which the taddhita affix य is added in the sense of collection; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare picchādi a class of words headed by the word पिच्छ to which the taddhita affix इल ( इलच् ) is added optionally with मत् ( मतुप् ), in the sense of 'possessed of'; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others pīlvādi a class of words headed by the word पीलु to which the taddhita affix कुण ( कुणप्) is added in the sense of 'decoction' ( पाक ). e. g. पीलुकुण:; confer, compare purohitādi a class of words headed by the word पुरोहित to which the taddhita affix यक् is added in the sense of 'duly' or 'nature': e.g . पौरोहित्यम् , राज्यम् , बाल्यम् , मान्द्यम् et cetera, and others confer, compare puṣkarādi a class of words headed by the word पुष्कर, to which the taddhita affix इन् ( इनि ) is added provided the word ending with the affix forms the name of a district. e. g. पुष्करिणी, पद्मिनी et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. pṛthvādi a class of words headed by the word पृथु to which the taddhita affix इमन् ( इमनिच् ) is added optionally with the other usual affixes अण्, त्व and तल् in the sense of 'nature'; e. g. प्रथिमा, पार्थवम् , पृथुत्वम् , पृथुता; similarly म्रदिमा, मार्दवम् मृदुत्वम्, मृदुता पटिमा पाटवम् , पटुता पटुत्वम् ; confer, compare prātipadika literally confer, compare confer, compare bha (1) the letter or sound भ् with the vowel अ added for facility of utterance; (2) a technical term in the Grammar of Panini given to a noun base before such case and taddhita affixes as begin with any vowel or with the consonant य्. The utility of this designation of भ to the base is (l) to prevent the substitutes which are enjoined for the final vowel or consonant of a pada (a word ending with a case-affix or a base before case and taddhita affix. bhargādi a class of words headed by भर्ग which are generally names of countries, the taddhita affixes अण् and others added to which are not elided; e. g. भार्गीं, कैकेयी, काश्मीरी; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. bhūmādi the limited senses भूमन् (plurality) and others in which भतुप् and other possessive taddhita affixes should take place, and not in the general sense of the 'presence at one place' as also 'the possession by some one individual;' confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). madhvādi a class of words headed by the word मधु to which the taddhita affix मत् (मतुप्) is added as a Cāturarthika affix; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare manojñādi a class of words headed by the word मनोज्ञ, to which the taddhita affix अक (वुञ्) is added in the sense of 'nature' or 'duty'; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare yavādi a class of words headed by the word यव, the taddhita affix मत् after which does not get the consonant मृ changed into व् although the affix मत् be added to a word ending in म् or अ, or having म् or अ as the penultimate letter; e. g. यवमान् , ऊर्मिमान् , भूमिमान् et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. yāvādi a class of words headed by the word याव to which the taddhita affix क ( कन् ) is added without any specific sense assigned to it; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. yuvādi a class of words headed by the word युवन् which have the taddhita affix अ ( अण् ) added to them in the sense of 'duty' or 'nature': exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. yaudheyādi a class of nine words headed by the word यौधेय, a taddhita affix applied to which is not to be elided even though the word be used in the plural number rajatādi a class of words headed by the word रजत to which the taddhita affix अ ( अञ् ) is added in the sense of ' a product ' or 'a part '; exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. rājanyādia class of words headed by the word राजन्य to which the taddhita affix अक ( वुच् ) is added in the sense of ' the place of residence '; e. g. राजन्यकः, औदुम्वरक: ! et cetera, and others et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. raivatikādi a class of words headed by रैवतिक to which the taddhita affix ईय ( छ ) is added in the sense of 'belonging to'; e. g. रैवतिकीय:, औदवाहीयः, बैजवापीय: et cetera, and others confer, compare l (1) a consonant of the dental class which is a semi-vowel ( यण् ) with liquid contact in the mouth, and which is inaspirate ( अल्पप्राण ),voiced ( घोष ) and both nasalised and unnasalised; (2) name in general ( लकार ) given to the personal endings applied to roots in the ten tenses and moods which take different substitutes ति, त:, अन्ति et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare confer, compare a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. confer, compare Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini (Dr. Kielhorn's edition ). taddhita affix. confer, compare lohitādi (1) a class of words headed by लोहित to which the affix क्यव् ( य ) is added in the sense of 'becoming', to form a denominative root-base which gets the verb-endings of both the padas; e. g. लोहितायति, लोहितायते; निद्रायति, निद्रायते; the class लोहितादि is considered as अाकृतिगण so that similar denominative verb-bases could be explained; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. feminine. et cetera, and others Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. vaṃśādi a class of words headed by the word वंश, the word भार placed after which gets the taddhita affixes added to it, as prescribed in the senses 'takes it', 'carries it' or 'produces it'; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. taddhita affix. a reference to some preceding word, not necessarily on the same page. et cetera, and others exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. varaṇādi a class of words headed by वरण which have the taddhita affix elided, if it is added to them in the four senses mentioned in P.IV.2.67-70 confer, compare confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. varāhādi a class of words headed by वराह which have the taddhita affix क ( कक् ) added to them in the four senses mentioned in P. IV. 2.67-70 exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. vākinādi a class of words headed by the word वाकिन to which the taddhita affix आयनि( फिञ् ) is added in the sense of an 'offspring' when along with the taddhita affix. confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. vinayādi a class of words headed by विनय to which the taddhita affix इक ( ठक् ) is applied without any change of sense:confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. vimuktādi a class of words headed by the word विमुक्त to which the taddhita affix अ ( अण् ) is added in the sense of 'possessed of', provided the word so formed, denotes a chapter or a lesson of a sacred work; confer, compare vṛttisamuddeśa name given to the last of the fourteen sections of the third chapter of Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya ( viz. the संकीर्णकाण्ड ) in which the taddhita affixes and their interpretations are discussedition vetanādi a class of words headed by वेतन which have the taddhita affix इक (ठक्) added to them in the sense of "earning a livelihood' exempli gratia, for example confer, compare vyuṣṭādi a class of words headed by the word व्युष्ट to which the taddhita affix अ (अण् ) is added in the sense of the place where something is given or prepared ; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. vrīhyādi a class of words headed by व्रीहि to which the taddhita affixes इन् and ठन् are applied in the sense of possession along with the usual affix मत् ( मतुप् ) ; e. g. व्रीही, व्रीह्रिक व्रीहिमान् । मायी, मायिकः मायावान् : confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. ś (1) a sibilant letter of the palatal class, possessed of the properties, श्वासानुप्रदान, अघोष and कण्ठविवृतत्व; (2) the initial indicatory ( इत् ) letter श् of a non-taddhita affix in Panini's grammar, which is dropped; (3) substitute for च्छ् when followed by an affix beginning with a nasal consonant; e.g प्रश्न:, confer, compare exempli gratia, for example Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. śīṇḍakādi a class of words headedition exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. śākhādi a class of words headed by the word शाखा which have the taddhita affix य added to them in the sense of इव id est, that is exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. śuṇḍikādi a class of words headed by शुण्डिका to which the taddhita affix अ ( अण् ) is added in the sense of 'who has come from'; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. śubhrādi a class of words headed by the word शुभ्र to which the taddhita affix एय ( ढक् ) is added in the sense of a descendant in spite of other affixes being prescribed by some other rules which sometimes are added optionally with this एय; exempli gratia, for example confer, compare śaunakādi a class of words headed by the word शौनक to which the taddhita affix इन् ( णिनि ) is added in the sense of 'instructed by', provided the word so formed is a portion of what is looked upon as a part of the sacred Vedic Literature; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. samāsānta secondary suffixes which are prescribed at the end of compounds in specific cases and which are looked upon as taddhita affixes; exempli gratia, for example exempli gratia, for example et cetera, and others confer, compare confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare et cetera, and others confer, compare snañ taddhita affix. confer, compare haritādi a class of words headed by the word इरित to which the taddhita affix फक् ( अायन ) is added in the sense of a descendant after the affix अ ( अञ् ) has already been added to them by P. IV. 1. 104, the word so formed possessing the sense of the great grandchild (युवापत्य) of the individuals denoted by इरित and others; e. g. हारितायनः; confer, compare Kāśikā of Jayāditya and Vāmana. hemacandra a Jain sage and scholar of remarkable erudition in the religious works of the Jainas as also in several Shastras. He was a resident of Dhandhuka in Gujarat, who, like Sankarācārya took संन्यासदीक्षा at a very early age and wrote a very large number of original books and commentaries, the total number of which may well nigh exceed fifty, during his long life of eighty-four years ( 1088 to ll 2 ). He stayed at AnhilavalaPattana in the North Gujarat and was patronised with extreme reverence by King Kumarapala who in fact, became his devoted pupil. Besides the well-known works on the various Shastras like Kavyanusasana, Abhidhanacintamani, Desinamamla, Yogasastra, Dvyasrayakavya, Trisastisalakapurusacarita and others which are well-known, he wrote a big work on grammar called सिद्धहेमचन्द्र by him,but popularly known by the name हेमव्याकरण or हैमशब्दानुशासन The , work consists of eight books or Adhyayas, out of which the eighth book is devoted to prakrit Grammar, and can be styled as a Grammar of all the Prakrit dialects. The Sanskrit Grammar of seven chapters is based practically upon Panini's Astadhyayi, the rules or sutras referring to Vedic words or Vedic affixes or accents being entirely omittedThe wording of the Sutras is much similar to that of Panini; at some places it is even identical. The order of the treatment of the subjects in the सिद्धहैम. शब्दानुशासनमृत्र is not, however, similar to that obtaining in the Astadhyayi of Panini. It is somewhat topicwise as in the Katantra Vyakarana. The first Adhyaya and a quarter of the second are devoted to Samjna, Paribhasa and declension; the second pada of the second Adhyaya is devoted to karaka, while the third pada of it is devoted to cerebralization and the fourth to the Stripratyayas.The first two Padas of the third Adhyaya are devoted to Samasas or compound words, while the last two Padas of the third Adhyaya and the fourth Adhyaya are devoted to conjugation The fifth Adhyaya is devoted to verbal derivatives or krdanta, while the sixth and the seventh Adhyayas are devoted to formations of nouns from nouns, or taddhita words. On this Sabda nusasana, which is just like Panini's Astadhyayi, the eighth adhyaya of Hemacandra being devoted to the grammar of the Arsa language similar to Vedic grammar of Panini, Hemacandra has himself written two glosses which are named लधुवृति and वृहृदवृत्ति and the famous commentary known as the Brhannyasa. Besides these works viz the हैमशब्दानुशासन, the two Vrttis on it and the Brhannyasa, he has given an appendix viz the Lingnusasana. The Grammar of Hemacandra, in short, introduced a new system of grammar different from, yet similar to, that of Panini, which by his followers was made completely similar to the Paniniya system by writing works similar to the Siddhantakaumudi, the Dhatuvrtti, the Manorama and the Paribhasendusekhara. हेमहंसगणि a grammarian belonging to the school of Hemacandra, who lived in the fifteenth century and wrote a work on Paribhasas named न्यायसंग्रह, on which he himself wrote a commentary called न्यायार्थमञ्जूषा and another one called by the name न्यास.
dhita
pūjita, ārādhita , upāsita, arcita
yasya arcanā kṛtā।
prathamasthāne pūjitaḥ īśvaraḥ gaṇeśaḥ asti।
dhita
pūjita, ārādhita , upāsita, arcita
yasya pūjā kriyate।
gaṇeśaśaṅkarahanumānādayaḥ hindūnāṃ pūjitāḥ devatāḥ santi।
dhita
asiddha, asamādhita
yad na siddham।
etad asiddhaṃ prakaraṇam।
dhita
pikaḥ, kokīlaḥ, vasantadūtaḥ, parabhṛtaḥ, parapuṣṭā, paraidhita ḥ, madālāpī, cātakaḥ, śāraṅgaḥ, vanapriyaḥ
khagaviśeṣaḥ- kṛṣṇavarṇamadhurasvarapakṣī।
pikasya kūjanaṃ manohāri asti।
dhita
aniṣiddha, apratibandhita , avarjita
yad niṣiddhaṃ nāsti।
aniṣiddhaṃ karma kartavyam।
dhita
niṣiddha, varjita, pratibandhita , niṣedhita , varjya
yasya niṣedhaḥ kṛtaḥ।
bhavān kimarthaṃ niṣiddhaṃ karma karoti।
dhita
vibhūṣita, alaṅkṛta, puraskṛta, sammānita, satkṛta, upādhita , pūjita, sampūjita, arcita, abhyarcita, sevita, arhita, sevyamāna, niṣevyamāṇa, añcita
padādibhiḥ yasya sammānaḥ jātaḥ।
saḥ bhāratabhūṣaṇa iti upādhyā vibhūṣitaḥ kṛtaḥ।
dhita
alaṅkṛta, ābhūṣita, bhūṣita, prasādhita , pariṣkṛta, maṇḍita
alaṅkārayuktaḥ।
samārohe svarṇabhūṣaṇaiḥ alaṅkṛtā mahilā sarveṣāṃ dṛṣṭiviṣayaḥ abhavat।
dhita
jñāta, saṃjñāta, parijñāta, abhijñāta, vijñāta, vidita, avabuddha, vitta, vinna, budhita , buddha, avagata, pramita, pratīta, manita, avasita
yasya jñānaṃ jātam।
mayā jñātam etad।
dhita
durgandhita , durgandhayukta, durgandhapūrṇa
durgandhena yuktaḥ।
nagareṣu kuṭīvāsinaḥ durgandhite pradeśe vasanti।
dhita
kṣudhita ḥ, kṣudhāturaḥ, bubhukṣitaḥ
yaḥ kṣudhayā āturaḥ।
kṣudhāturaṃ bālakaṃ mātā dugdhaṃ pāyayati।
dhita
poṣita, puṣṭa, puṣita, saṃvardhita
kṛtapoṣaṇam।
mama pitāmahena poṣitaḥ eṣaḥ āmravṛkṣaḥ adhunā phalitaḥ।
dhita
sandhita ntram
śarīre asthnaḥ sandheḥ tantram।
vātam iti sandhitantreṇa sambandhī vyādhiḥ asti।
dhita
nirvighna, akaṇṭaka, anavaruddha, abādhita , arodhita , nirbādha, niṣkaṇṭaka, akhaṇḍa, akhaṇḍita, avarodhahīna
yasmin avarodho nāsti।
eṣaḥ nirvighnaḥ mārgaḥ।
dhita
avaruddha, bādhita , ruddha, niruddha, avarodhita , saṃvṛta
yasmin rodhaḥ jātaḥ।
saḥ avaruddhāṃ dhārāṃ svacchīkaroti।
dhita
asambandhita , asambaddha, sambandharahita, abaddha, asaṅgata, ayukta
yaḥ sambandhitaḥ nāsti।
prasāramādhyamaiḥ jāte vārtālāpe netā praśnasya samādhānasya sthāne asambandhitaṃ vārtālāpam eva kṛtavān।
dhita
kruddha, krodhita , kupita, kṣubdha
yaḥ kupyati।
kruddhasya vyakteḥ vivekaḥ bhraṣṭo bhavati।
dhita
lakṣmīḥ, ramā, kamalā, nārāyaṇī, padmahastā, śrīḥ, viṣṇupriyā, mā, māyā, haripriyā, padmā, padmālayā, bhārgavī, cañcalā, indirā, abjavāhanā, abjā, abdhijā, ambujāsanā, amalā, īśvarī, devaśrī, padmamālinī, padmaguṇā, piṅgalā, maṅgalā, śriyā, śrīpradā, sindhujā, jaganmayī, amalā, varavarṇinī, vṛṣākapāyī, sindhukanyā, sindhusutā, jaladhijā, kṣīrasāgarasutā, dugdhābdhita nayā, kṣīrasāgarakanyakā, kṣīrodatanayā, lokajananī, lokamātā
dhanasya adhiṣṭhātrī devatā yā viṣṇupatnī asti iti manyate।
dhanaprāptyarthe janāḥ lakṣmīṃ pūjayanti।
dhita
asādhyaḥ, asādhyam, aśakyam, asādhyā, asādhanīyam, asādhanīyaḥ, asādhanīyā, sādhanāyogyam, asādhita vyam
sādhayitum aśakyam।
idam asādhyaṃ kāryaṃ mama kṛte kṛpayā anyad dadātu। / ya idaṃ prapaṭhet nityaṃ durgānāmaśatātmakam na asādhyaṃ vidyate tasya triṣu lokeṣu pārvati।
dhita
pariśodhita , viśodhita , śodhita
yad śuddhaṃ kṛtam।
vyādhīnā grastaṃ na bhavet ataḥ varṣāṛtau pariśodhitaṃ jalaṃ peyam।
dhita
sugandhita , suvāsita, surabhita
yasyāṃ sugandhaḥ asti।
sthalakamalam iti ekaṃ sugandhitaṃ puṣpam।
dhita
gandhita
yad gandhayuktam asti।
mama upavane gandhitaiḥ puṣpaiḥ yuktāḥ naike kṣupāḥ santi।
dhita
pramāṇita, pramāṇīkṛta, siddha, sādhita , upapādita
yasya pramāṇaṃ nirdiṣṭam।
etad pramāṇitaṃ bījam asti।
dhita
rugṇaḥ, rogī, vyādhita ḥ, mlānaḥ, abhyāntaḥ, abhyamitaḥ, sāmayaḥ, apaṭuḥ, āmayāvī, rogiṇī, āturaḥ, āturā, rogārtā, rogārtaḥ, sarogaḥ, sarogā
rogayuktaḥ।
upacārasya abhāvāt grāme adhikāḥ rugṇāḥ mriyante।
dhita
lubdha, lubdhaka, atilubdha, lolubha, lobhātman, lobhānvita, lampaṭa, māmaka, atilobha, āditsu, ādyūna, audarika, gardhana, gardhita , gardhin, gārdhra, nikāma, bhariṣa, matsara, lāṣuka, lola, vāyu
yasmin lobhaḥ asti।
saḥ lubdhaḥ asti।
dhita
sambodhita
yasya sambodhyate।
sambodhitaḥ manuṣyaḥ kṛpayā mañce āgacchatu।
dhita
taddhita ḥ
vyākaraṇasya saḥ pratyayaḥ yaḥ saṃjñāyāḥ ante upayujya bhāvavācakasaṃjñāṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ vā kartuṃ śakyate।
mitratā ityasmin śabde mitra iti prātipadikaṃ tā iti taddhitaḥ pratyayaḥ asti।
dhita
pravṛddha, parivṛddha, samupārūḍa, vardhita , abhivṛddha, abhyuccita, āpī, āpyāna, āpyāyita, ucchrita, udagra, udita, udīrita, udīrṇa, udbhūta, udrikta, unnaddha, unnamita, upasṛṣṭa, ṛddha, edhita , jṛmbhita, paribṛṃhita, paripuṣṭa, parivardhita , pyāyita, bahulīkṛta, bahulita, bṛṃhita, pracurīkṛta, prathita, rūḍha, vejita, vivardhita , vivṛddha, śūna, sādhika, sahaskṛta, samārūḍha, samedhita , sampraviddha, saṃrabdha, samuddhata, samukṣita, samunnīta, saṃvṛddha, sāndrīkṛta, sātirikta, sphītīkṛta, ucchūna
yaḥ avardhata।
pravṛddhena mūlyena janāḥ pīḍitāḥ।
dhita
sūcita, jñāpita, vijñapta, paridiṣṭa, āvedita, ākhyāta, saṃvedita, nivedita, vinivedita, saṃjñita, abhivijñapta, bodhita
yat sūcyate।
eṣā vārtā sarvatra sūcitā asti।
dhita
vidhita ḥ, yathāvidhi
vidhim anusṛtya।
sārvajanikasthāneṣu dhūmrapānaṃ vidhitaḥ aparādhaḥ asti।
dhita
parimalita, sugandhita
yaḥ sugandhyate।
āpaṇake vividhāni parimalitāni kṛtrimāṇi puṣpāṇi prāpyante।
dhita
virodhita , apavādita
yasya virodhaḥ kṛtaḥ।
virodhitasya prakaraṇasya abhiyogaḥ āgāmini māse bhaviṣyati।
dhita
saṃvardhita , vardhita , parivṛddha, parivardhita
yad vardhayate।
vṛkṣapoṣaṇasthāne saṃvardhitānāṃ kṣupāṇāṃ ropaṇaṃ karaṇīyam।
dhita
avaruddha, bādhita , pratibaddha
yasya mārge bādhā utpannā।
śāsanasya vyatyāsāt avaruddhaṃ kāryam ārabdham।
dhita
sambodhita
yasya dhyānam ākṛṣṭam।
sambodhitāḥ chātrāḥ ārekhaṃ paśyanti।
dhita
sambodhita , ābhāṣita
yasya bodhanaṃ kṛtam।
sambodhitaḥ viṣayaḥ kaṭhinaḥ āsīt।
dhita
saṃśodhita
yasmin saṃśodhanaṃ jātam।
asmin pustake asmākaṃ saṃsthayā saṃśodhitānāṃ niyamānām ullekhaḥ asti।
dhita
durgandhita
yasya śarīrāt gharmasya durgandhaḥ prasarati।
durgandhitasya puruṣasya samīpe mā upaviśatu।
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