Sanskrit Dictionary

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Amarakosha Search

2 results

Word	Gender	Number	Synonyms	Definition

akṣāntiḥ	Feminine	Singular	īrṣyā	detraction

saṃkalpaḥ	Masculine	Singular	praṇidhānam, avadhānam, samādhānam	determination

Monier-Williams Search

584 results for det

abhajyamāna

mfn. (Passive voice) not being detached

abhakta

mfn. not attached to, detached, unconnected with

ābhaṇḍana

n. defining, determining

abhidhā

-dadhāti-, to surrender any one to (dative case; Aorist subjunctive 2. dual number -dhātam-)

; to bring upon (dative case)

: A1. (rarely P.) to put on or round, put on the furniture of a horse (see abh/i-hīta-below)

etc. ; to cover (a country) with an army

; to cover, protect

(Aorist Potential 2. plural -dhetana-), etc. ; (in classical Sanskrit generally) to set forth, explain, tell, speak to, address, say, name (see abh/i-hita-below) : Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be named or called: Causal -dhāpayate-, to cause to name

: Desiderative A1. -dh/itsate-, to intend to cover one's self

abhilakṣita

mfn. determined for, selected as

abhinirṇud

( nud-), (Potential -ṇudet-) to drive out, frighten away

abhiniveśa

m. determination (to effect a purpose or attain an object), tenacity, adherence to (locative case)

abhiniveśin

mfn. determined.

abhiniviṣṭa

mfn. determined, persevering.

adaiteya

m. "not a daiteya-", a god,

adaiva

mfn. not predetermined by them or by fate.

adhyavasāna

n. determining

adhyavasita

mfn. ascertained, determined, apprehended.

adhyavaso

cl.4 P. -syati-, to undertake, attempt, accomplish ; to determine, consider, ascertain.

ādī

(3. sg. imperfect tense /ādīdet-

;3. sg. Aorist /ā-dīdayat-

) to shine upon, enlighten.

ādiś

P. -did/eṣṭi- ([ subjunctive 3. sg. -dideśati-

]), -diś/ati- ([3. plural -diśanti- imperative 2. sg. -diśa- imperfect tense 1. sg. ādiśam-,etc.]) , rarely -diśate- ([

]) infinitive mood -d/iśe- ([

]) and -deṣṭum- (Aorist 3. sg. ādikṣat-[

See

] future 1. plural -dekṣyāmaḥ-, perf. -dideśa-) to aim at, have in view ; to threaten

; to hit

; to assign

etc. ; to point out, indicate ; to report, announce, teach

etc. ; to determine, specify, denominate

etc. ; to declare, foretell,

etc. ; to order, direct, command

etc. ; to refer any one to (locative case) ; to banish

etc. ; to undertake, try

; to profess as one's aim or duty

: Causal -deśayati-, to show, indicate, announce,

: Intensive (parasmE-pada -d/ediśāna-) to have in view, aim at (accusative)

agranirūpaṇa

n. determining beforehand, prophecy.

ākampana

m. Name of a daitya-

anārabhya

ind.p. without commencing (used in compound in the sense "detached").

anārabhyādhīta

mfn. taught or studied or read as a detached subject (not as part of a regular or authoritative treatise).

anārabhyavada

m. a detached remark (upon sacrifices, etc.)

anāśrita

mfn. not supported, detached

anirdhārita

mfn. undetermined, unascertained, undefined.

anirdhārya

mfn. undeterminable, not to be agreed upon.

anirṇīta

mfn. unascertained, undetermined.

anirūpita

mfn. not determined, undefined.

aniyatāṅka

m. (in arithmetic) an indeterminate digit.

anuja

m. a younger brother, a cadet

anupaghātārjita

mfn. acquired without detriment (to the paternal estate).

anupaghnat

mfn. not detrimental

anupanyāsa

m. failure of proof or determination, uncertainty, doubt.

anutsāha

m. want of energy or determination

anutsāha

mfn. deficient in determination.

anutsāhatā

f. want of determination

apa

ind. When prefixed to nouns, it may sometimes = the negative particle a- exempli gratia, 'for example' apa-bhī-, fearless ; or may express deterioration, inferiority, etc. (confer, compare apa-pāṭha-).

apakarṣa

m. drawing or dragging off or down, detraction, diminution, decay

apakarṣaka

mf(ikā-)n. drawing down, detracting (with genitive case)

apakṛṣ

cl.1 P. -karṣati-, to draw off or aside, drag down, carry away, take away, remove ; to omit, diminish ; to put away ; to anticipate a word etc. which occurs later (in a sentence) ; to bend (a bow) ; to detract, debase, dishonour: Causal -karṣayati-, to remove, diminish, detract.

apalapana

n. denial or concealment of knowledge, evasion, turning off the truth, detraction

apamārjana

n. a cleansing remedy, detergent

aparodhuka

mfn. detaining, hindering

apavṛj

A1. -vriṅkte- (Imper. 2 . sg. -vṛṅkṣva-; subjunctive 1. sg. -vṛṇ/ajai-; Aorist P. 3. sg. /apāvṛk-) to turn off, drive off

; to tear off

; (with /adhvānam-) carpere viam ([

])

; to leave off, determine, fulfil

etc.: Causal -varjayati-, to quit, get rid of ; to sever, turn off from to transmit, bestow, grant

ārabhamāṇa

mfn. beginning, commencing resolutely (with a determination to finish).

ariṣṭa

m. the soapberry tree, Sapindus Detergens Roxb. (the fruits of which are used in washing

)

arthaniścaya

m. determinate view of a matter

aruṇa

m. of the daitya- mura-

asakta

mfn. detached from worldly feelings or passions, unattached or indifferent to (locative case)

etc.

asakti

f. the being detached from worldly feelings or passions

asaṃkalpita

mfn. not determined

asaṃkasuka

mfn. not undetermined, firm, steady

āsru

P. -sravati-, to flow near or towards ; to flow, stream, flow from

; to spring a leak ; to flow off, go off, deteriorate

: Causal -srāvayati- and -sravayati-, to cause to flow ; to bleed, cup

; to impel

ātāpin

m. Name of a daitya-

atikrama

m. determined onset.

avabharts

(p. -bhartsayat-) to deter by threatening

; to deter by scolding scold

v 641 and 7115

avaccheda

m. (in logic) distinction, particularising, determining

avacchedaka

mfn. distinguishing, particularising, determining

avacchinna

mfn. separated, detached

etc.

avadhāra

m. accurate determination limitation

avadhāraka

mfn. determining, bearing upon, meaning

avadhāraṇa

n. accurate determination, limitation (of the sense of words), restriction to a certain instance or instances with exclusion of any other

avadhāraṇīya

mfn. to be ascertained, determined or known, (an-- negative)

avadhāraṇīya

mfn. to be considered as ascertained or determined

, to be restricted to (instrumental case)

avadhī

(imperfect tense -dīdhet-) to watch or lie in wait for (dative case)

avadhṛ

Caus. -dhārayati- (ind.p. dhārya-; Passive voice -dhāryate-) to consider, ascertain, determine accurately, limit, restrict

etc., to hear, learn

; to conceive, understand, make out, become acquainted with

; to reflect upon, think of (accusative or a phrase with iti-),

(ind.p. PrakritodhAria)

etc. ; to communicate

: Passive voice -dhriyate-, to be ascertained, be certain commentator or commentary on

avadhṛta

mfn. ascertained, determined, certain,

avanard

(Potential -nardet-) to slur or trill (a term applicable to chanting in the Hindu ritual)

(see ni-nard-.)

avasad

P. -sīdati- (rarely A1. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -sideta-

; imperfect tense -sīdata-

) to sink (is into water)

; to sink down, faint, grow lean ([

;

]), become exhausted or disheartened, slacken, come to an end, perish, Causal (parasmE-pada -sādayat-; ind.p. -sādya-) to cause to sink (as, into water)

; to render downhearted, dispirit, ruin

etc. ; to frustrate

avasāya

m. determination, ascertainment

avasita

mfn. determined, fixed

avasita

mfn. one who is determined to (locative case)

avasthita

mfn. contained in (locative case)

: being incumbent upon (locative case)

, ready for (dative case)

, firm, fixed, determined,

etc.

aviṣahya

mfn. indeterminable (as a boundary)

avyabhicāravat

mfn. absolutely determined, inevitable

ayaḥkāya

m. "of an iron body", Name of a daitya-

bādha

m. (also ā-,f.; see

) injury, detriment, hurt, damage

etc.

bāhu

m. Name of a daitya-

bahuvistara

mf(ā-)n. very detailed ( bahuvistaram am- ind.)

balāhaka

m. of a daitya-

balātkāra

m. (in law) the detention of the person of a debtor by his creditor to recover his debt

bāleya

mfn. Name of a daitya-

bali

m. Name of a daitya- (son of virocana-;priding himself on his empire over the three worlds, he was humiliated by viṣṇu-, who appeared before him in the form of a vāmana- or dwarf. son of kaśyapa- and aditi- and younger brother of indra-, and obtained from him the promise of as much land as he could pace in three steps, whereupon the dwarf expanding himself deprived him of heaven and earth in two steps, but left him the sovereignty of pātāla- or the lower regions)

etc. (see

)

bandhana

n. catching, capturing, confining, detention, custody, imprisonment or a prison

bāṣkala

m. of a daitya-

bhārgava

mf(ī-)n. Name of śukra- (regent of the planet Venus and preceptor of the daitya-s)

etc.

bhauma

m. of the daitya- naraka-

bhedaka

mfn. making a difference, distinguishing, determining, defining.

bhedaka

n. a determinative id est an adjective

(see bhedya-).

bhedya

mfn. to be (or being) determined

bhinna

mfn. detached, disjoined, loosened

bhūrbhūra

m. Name of a daitya-

bhūrbhūva

m. Name of a daitya-

bhūṣaṇa

m. of a daitya-

bhūtasaṃtāpana

m. "torturer of beings", Name of a daitya- (son of hiraṇyākṣa-)

bībhatsa

mf(ā-)n. loathing, detesting

bībhatsatā

f. loathsomeness, detestableness

bībhatsu

mfn. loathing, detesting, feeling disgust or repugnance

bindu

m. (once n.

;in later language mostly written vindu-) a detached particle, drop, globule, dot, spot

etc.

brahmadaitya

m. a Brahman changed into a daitya-

brāhmaṇa

n. the brāhmaṇa- portion of the veda- (as distinct from its mantra- and upaniṣad- portion) and consisting of a class of works called brāhmaṇa-s (they contain rules for the employment of the mantra-s or hymns at various sacrifices, with detailed explanations of their origin and meaning and numerous old legends;they are said by sāyaṇa- to contain two parts: 1. vidhi-,rules or directions for rites;2. artha-vāda-,explanatory remarks;each veda- has its own brāhmaṇa-, that of the

is preserved in 2 works, viz. the aitareya-, sometimes called āśvalāyana-, and the kauṣītaki- or śāṅkhāyana-- brāhmaṇa-;the white yajur-veda- has the śata-patha-brāhmaṇa-;the black yajur-veda- has the brāhmaṇa- which differs little from the text of its saṃhitā-;the

has 8 brāhmaṇa-s, the best known of which are the prauḍha- or pañca-viṃśa- and the ṣaḍviṃśa-;the

has one brāhmaṇa- called go-patha-)

etc.

camara

m. Name of a daitya-

caṇḍa

m. of a daitya-,

caṇḍaśakti

m. "of impetuous valour", Name of a daitya-

candra

m. Name of a daitya- (equals -varman-,king of the kāmboja-s)

candramauli

mfn. moon-crested (a daitya-)

cāṇūra

m. of a wrestler in kaṃsa-'s service (slain by kṛṣṇa-;identified with the daitya- varāha-)

(cānūra-,2361 and 10407)

caraka

m. Name of a muni- and physician (the Serpent-king śeṣa-, who was the recipient of the āyur-veda-;once on visiting the earth and finding it full of sickness he became moved with pity and determined to become incarnate as the son of a muni- for alleviating disease;he was called caraka- because he had visited the earth as a kind of spy or cara-;he then composed a new book on medicine, based on older works of agni-veśa- and other pupils of ātreya-

)

carcita

mfn. "thought over", determined on

cārvāka

m. (for ru-v- equals cārvāc- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order c/āru-) Name of a rākṣasa- (friend of duryodhana-, who took the shape of a mendicant Brahman, when yudhiṣṭhira- entered hāstina-pura- in triumph, and reviled him, but was soon detected and killed by the real Brahmans)

chid

cl.7. chin/atti-, chintte- (imperative n/attu-;2. sg. ndh/i-[ confer, compare

];2. dual number nt/am-; subjunctive 1. sg. n/adai-; Potential ndet-

; cl.9. 1. sg. chinnāmi-

; imperfect tense 2. sg. achinad-,or nas-

; perfect tense ciccheda-, cchide-; parasmE-pada cchidvas-,

; Aorist acchidat-or acchaitsīt-[ subjunctive ch-

etc.]

;2. sg. chitsi-

;1. plural chedma-

; A1. acchitta-and 2. sg. tthās-[ subjunctive ch-

; future chetsyati-,

; ind.p. chittvā- infinitive mood chettum-; Passive voice chidyate-;

See /a-cchidyamāna-; Aorist /acchedi-and chedi-

) to cut off, amputate, cut through, hew, chop, split, pierce

etc. ; to divide, separate from (ablative;exceptionally instrumental case

)

; to destroy, annihilate, efface, blot out

etc. ; (in mathematics) to divide

: Passive voice to be split or cut, break

: Causal chedayati- (Aorist acicchidat-) to cut off.

; to cause to cut off or through

: Desiderative See cicchitsu- : Intensive cecchidīti- (

), dyate- (

Va1rtt. 2

) ; future Ist ditā-,

Va1rtt. 2

; ([ confer, compare , etc.; Latin scindo; Gothic skeida.])

cl.1. c/ayate- (parasmE-pada c/ayamāna-) to detest, hate (

)

; to revenge, punish, take vengeance on (accusative),

; ([ see /apaciti-, kāti-;, , .])

cud

cl.1. c/odati-, te- (subjunctive c/odat-; imperative da-, data-, dasva-,(2. dual number) dethām-; Aorist 2. sg. codīs-; pr. p. See a-cod/at-), to impel, incite, animate

; to bring or offer quickly (as the soma-)

; A1. to hasten

: Causal cod/ayati-, rarely te- (subjunctive 2. sg. yāsi-, yāse-; Aorist acūcudat-

; parasmE-pada cod/ayat-;Pan. codyamāna-), to sharpen, whet

(confer, compare

) ;

; to impel, incite, cause to move quickly, accelerate

etc. ; (with cakṣus-) to direct (the eye) towards (locative case)

; to inspire, excite, animate

; to request, petition, ask, urge on, press or importune with a request

etc. ; help on, assist in the attainment of (dative case)

; to bring or offer quickly,

; to ask for

; to inquire after

; to enjoin, fix, settle

; to object, criticise

; to be quick

; ([ confer, compare , ; Latin cudo.])

dā

cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati-

etc.; A1. datte-

;1. sg. dadmi-

; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i-

; deh/i-[

]

;2. plural d/adāta-

, tana-

, datt/a-

etc.;2. dual number tt/am-

etc.; Potential dady/āt-

etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur-

;2. dual number /adattam-

etc.;2. plural ttana-,

, /adadāta-

; subjunctive d/adat-

, das-

dan-

parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas-

etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-,

; n/a-,

; sg. dadati-,

; plural danti-,

; imperative da-,

; data-

; Potential det-

; imperfect tense /adadat-

; A1. sg. d/adate-

; plural dante-,

; imperative sg. datām-

; dasva-

etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta-

; parasmE-pada d/adamāna-

; Aorist /adāt-[

], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas-

[ confer, compare

]; Potential 1. plural deṣma-

; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o-

etc.; Passive voice d/e-,

; dadade-, dāte-, dire-

; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas-

, ṣām-

; Nominal verb dv/ān-,

; dāvan-

; accusative div/āṃsam-,

[ confer, compare

]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at-

; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye-

; preceding deyāt-

; infinitive mood dāv/ane-

; d/ātos-,

; tave-,

; d/ātav/ai-[

]

; tum-,

etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[

]

; ttv/ā-

etc.; -d/āya-[

]

etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[

]; parasmE-pada y/amāna-

; Aorist adāyi-

; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-,

) cl.1. d/āti- (

; imperative tu-,

; confer, compare

Va1rtt. 3

) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage

etc. ; to hand over

; (with haste-)

; to give back,

; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"

; ṛṇam-,"a debt",

) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat")

; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass")

and

; to sell (with instrumental case of the price),

; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."

; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief",

) ; to offer (an oblation etc.)

etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas-

), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram-

etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth,

; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ]

) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood)

; to permit sexual intercourse

; to place, put, apply (in med.)

etc. ; to add

; with varam-,"to grant a boon"

etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief",

; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter"

etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life"

; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands

; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm

tālam-, to beat time with the hands

; saṃjñām-, to make a sign

; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment

samayam-, to propose an agreement

; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ]

; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum

; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out

; śāpam-, to utter a curse

etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire '

; anuyātram-, to accompany

; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace,

; jhampam-, to jump

; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha-

; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow

; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with

; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command,

; saṃdeśam-, to give information

; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation

vṛtim-, to fence in

; darśanam-, to show one's self

; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case)

; karṇam-, to give ear, listen

; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case)

; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand

; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters

pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire

; śāram-, to move a chess-man

; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar

; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case)

; padam-, to tread upon [loc.]

; to direct the steps

; viṣam-, to poison

(with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire '

(with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve

; to show

(Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś-

) : Causal dāpayati- (

; Aorist adīdapat-,

) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore

etc. ; to demand from (ablative)

; to cause to utter or speak

ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known

; to cause to place or advance,

; to cause to perform,

to cause to be put on (locative case)

: Desiderative d/itsati- (

; parasmE-pada d/idāsat-

; d/itsat-,

; Potential tseyam-

; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha-

; confer, compare

) to wish to give, be ready to bestow

etc. ; to wish to give in marriage

etc.: Intensive dedīyate-

; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.])

daiteya

mf(ī-)n. proceeding from or belonging to the daiteya-s

daitya

mf(ā-)n. belonging to the daitya-s

daityadānavamardana

m. "crusher of daitya-s and dānava-s", Name of indra-

daityadeva

m. "god of the daitya-s", varuṇa-

daityadvīpa

m. "refuge of the daitya-s (?)", Name of a son of garuḍa-

daityaguru

m. "preceptor of the daitya-s", Name of śukra-, the planet Venus

daityahan

m. " daitya--slayer", Name of śiva-

daityāhorātra

m. a day and night of the daitya-s (= a year of man)

daityamātṛ

f. "mother of the daitya-s", diti-

(plural

) .

daityamedaja

m. "produced from the marrow of daitya-s", a kind of bdellium

daityanāśana

m. " daitya-s-destroyer", Name of viṣṇu-

daityāntaka

m. " daitya-s. destroyer"

daityapa

m.," daitya-s-prince", Name of bali-

daityapati

m.," daitya-s-prince", Name of bali-

daityāri

m. "foe of the daitya-s", a god (especially viṣṇu-)

daityāya

Nom. A1. yate-, to represent a daitya-

daityayuga

n. an age of the daitya-s (= 4 ages. of man)

daityendra

m. " daitya-s-prince", Name of pātāla--ketu

daivāhaurātra

n. a day and night of the gods (= a year of men)

(see daityāho--).

daivayuga

n. an age of the gods (see daitya--)

dala

n. a detachment

dānapati

m. of a daitya-

dānava

m. (fr. 2. d/ānu-) a class of demons often identified with the daitya-s or asura-s and held to be implacable enemies of the gods or deva-s

etc. (described as children of danu- and kaśyapa-, sometimes reckoned as 40 in number

;sometimes as 100 etc.)

dantidaitya

m. Name of a daitya-

devāntaka

m. of a daitya-

dhā

cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e-

etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[

]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-,

plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta-

; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[

], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare

] or dhattāt-

;2. plural dhatt/a-,

, dhattana-,

, d/adhāta-,

,or tana-,

[ confer, compare

]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e-

and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-,

or dhats/e-

dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate-

; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-,

[

]; Potential d/adhīta-

dadhīt/a-,

; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-,

or dadhiṣva-,

;2. plural dhaddhvam-[

]or dadhidhvam-

,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām-

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te-

; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti-

; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta-

(pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur-

etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe-

;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-,

,or dhire-,

; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur-

etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana-

; 2. sg. dhāyīs-

; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare

];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu-

; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe-

;3. sg. ahita-, hita-

; subjunctive dh/ethe-

, dhaithe-,

; imperative dhiṣv/ā-,

; P. adhat-

; dhat-

; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha-

; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata-

; Potential dhiṣīya-

[

]; dheṣīya-

; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā-

etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum-

etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai-

;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā-

; hitvā-[

], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām-

: Passive voice dhīy/ate-

etc.[

] , p. dhīy/amāna-

; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi-

[

]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[

]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case)

etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case

,with genitive case

];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal

) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove)

; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-)

; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case)

etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share

) ; to appoint, establish, constitute

; to render (with double accusative)

; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute

etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes)

etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ])

; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo

: Causal -dhāpayati-

(See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- (

) , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case)

(Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present

; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-,

)

: with avady/am-, to bid defiance

(confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate-

[ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.]

dhe

cl.1 P. (

) dh/ayati-

etc. (perfect tense dadhau-,3. plural dh/ur-

; Aorist -adhāt-

; adhāsīt-or adadhat-

; preceding dheyāt-,

; future dhāsyati-

, dhātā- grammar; dative case infinitive mood dh/ātave-

; ind.p. dhītv/ā-and -dh/īya-

; -dhāya- grammar) to suck, drink, suck or drink in, take to one's self, absorb, appropriate

etc. etc.: Passive voice dhīyate- grammar : Causal dhāp/ayāte- (confer, compare

Va1rtt. 1

) to give suck, nourish

; ti-

(confer, compare anu-- dhe-) ; Aorist adīdhapat- grammar : Desiderative dhitsati-

: Intensive dedhīyate-, dādheti-, and dādhāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fe1-lare; Gothic dadd-jan; German ta1-an,ta1-jan.])

dhṛta

mfn. kept back, detained (kare-,by the hand)

dhṛtarāṣṭra

m. of a son of the daitya- bali-

dī

(dīdī-or dīdi-). cl.3 P. 3. plural dīdyati- (imperative dīdihi-and didīh/i-

; imperfect tense /adīdet-

; perfect tense dīdāya-or(

) dīdaya-; dīd/etha-, didiyus-

; subjunctive dīd/ayati-, yat-

; d/īdayat-

; dīdāyat-

; dīdayante-

; preceding dīdyāsam-

; parasmE-pada Pres. P. d/īdiat- A1. d/īdiāna-, parasmE-pada perfect tense dīv/as-)

to shine, be bright ; to shine forth, excel, please, be admired

; bestow upon (locative case or dative case) by shining

dīdhī

(connected with2. dī-) cl.2 A1. didhīte-, to shine, be bright

; P. /adīdhet-, 3. plural adīdhayur-, to appear as, resemble (Nominal verb)

diti

f. in Epic daughter of dakṣa- and wife of kaśyapa- and mother of the daitya-s (See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order)

ditija

m. son of daitya-s, a daitya-

ditijārāti

m. enemy of the daitya-s, Name of viṣṇu-

ditya

m. a son of diti- (wrong reading for daitya-).

div

cl.4. d/īvyati-, te-

etc. (perf. did/eva-

; future deviṣyati-;cond, adeviṣyat-

; Aorist adevīt-

;etc.; infinitive mood devitum-

etc.; ind.p. devitvā-

; -dīvya-

) to cast, throw, especially dice id est play, gamble (akṣais-

; akṣān-

), with (instrumental case

), for (instrumental case,

; accusative

; dative case

; genitive case [ śatasya-]

) ; to lay a wager, bet with (sārdham-), upon (dative case)

; to play, sport, joke, trifle with (accusative

) ; to have free scope, spread, increase (

vardhati-) ; to shine, be bright [ Zend di1v;(?) Lit. dyvas-]

; to praise, rejoice, be drunk or mad ; to sleep ; to wish for ; to go

: Causal devayati-, to cause to play (Scholiast or Commentator) or to sport

: Desiderative dideviṣati- and dudyūṣati-

: Causal of Desiderative dudyūṣayati-, to incite to play

: Intensive dedivīti-, dedyeti-, dedeti- etc.

doṣa

m. damage, harm, bad consequence, detrimental effect (naiṣa doṣaḥ-,there is no harm; ko'tra d-,what does it matter?)

etc.

dūṣaṇa

m. of a daitya- slain by śiva-

dūṣaṇa

n. dishonouring, detracting, disparaging

etc.

dūṣaṇāri

m. "the enemy of daitya-", Name of rāma-

dveṣya

mfn. to be hated or disliked, odious, detestable

dveṣyapāpaka

mfn. detesting sin

dviṣat

mfn. (p. present tense of1. dviṣ-) hating or detesting, hostile, unfriendly, foe, enemy (with accusative or genitive case

Va1rtt. 5

)

gajadaityabhid

m. "conqueror of the daitya- (or asura-) gaja-", Name of śiva-

gajāsuradveṣin

m. equals ja-daitya-bhid-

gardabhākṣa

m. "ass-eyed", Name of a daitya- (descendant of hiraṇyakaśipu- and son of bali-)

garjita

n. crying, roaring (as of elephants or daitya-s)

gatasaṅga

mfn. free from attachment, detached from, dissevered

ghaṭābha

m. "resembling a pot", Name of a daitya-

(vv.ll. kaṭ-and ghaṇṭ-).

ghaṭodara

m. of a daitya-

guṇaghātin

mfn. "destroying merit", detractor, envious

guṇanikā

f. determining of the various readings of a manuscript (pāṭha-niścaya-or ścita-)

guṇāpavāda

m. detracting from merit

guṇātipāta

m. detraction of acknowledged merits

gup

(for proper etc.See gopaya-& pāya-,from which the root is derived[ see

]; perf. jugopa-

etc.;3. plural jugupur-

etc.; future 2nd gopsyati-

; future 1st goptā-or gopitā-

; Aorist agaupsīt-or agopīt-

) to guard, defend, protect, preserve (from ablative)

etc. ; to hide, conceal

(infinitive mood gopitum-) : Causal gopayati- etc. See ss.vv. gopaya- and pāya-: Desiderative A1. jugupsate- (

; Epic also P. ti-) to seek to defend one's self from (ablative), be on one's guard (see

Va1rtt. 1)

; to beware of, shun, avoid, detest, spurn, despise (with accusative)

etc. ; to feel offended or hurt

: Desiderative of Desiderative jugupsiṣate-

Va1rtt. 15

hā

cl.3 P. (

) j/ahāti- (rarely cl.1. jahati-3. dual number jahltaḥ- imperative jah/ihi-[or jahāhi-

]; jahītāt-

; Potential jahyāt-

etc.; perfect tense jahau-, jah/uḥ-

etc.; jahe-

; Aorist ahāt-

etc.; ahāsīt- grammar;3. sg. ahās-

; /ahāsi-

; hāsiṣṭa-

,; future hātā- grammar; hāsyati-, te-

etc., jahiṣyati-

etc.; infinitive mood hātum-

; ind.p. hitv/ā-.[ q.v ]

etc.; hitv/ī- tv/āya-

; -hītvā- grammar; -h/āya-

, h/īyam-

), to leave, abandon, desert, quit, forsake, relinquish (with śarīram-, deham-, prāṇān-, asūn-, jīvitam-etc. - "to die")

etc., etc. ; to discharge, emit

; to put away, take off, remove, lay aside, give up, renounce, resign, avoid, shun, abstain or refrain from

etc. ; to disregard, neglect

; to lose, be deprived of.

; to get rid of. escape from

etc. ; to cause to emit (with śardham-,"to cause to break wind")

: Passive voice hīy/ate- or h/īyate- (Epic also hīyati-; Aorist ahāyi-), to be left or abandoned or deserted etc. ; to be left behind, fall short of (ablative)

etc. ; to be excluded from or bereft of (ablative or instrumental case;with prāṇaiḥ-,"to die")

etc. ; to be overtaken by (instrumental case)

; to be deficient or wanting, suffer loss or injury, fail (also in a lawsuit), decrease, wane, decline, come to an end

etc. ; to weigh less (at the ordeal of the balance)

; to be given up or avoided

(varia lectio) ; to be subtracted

; to become detached from (with ablative or instrumental case), fall out (as hair)

: Causal hāpayati- (mc. also te- Aorist ajīhapat-; -jīhipaḥ-

), to cause to leave or abandon etc. ; to omit, neglect

etc. ; to fall short of. be wanting in (accusative)

; to give up (asūn-,"life")

; to lose (kālam-,"time")

; to abandon (pratijñām-,"a thesis")

: Desiderative jihāsati-, to wish to leave or abandon

; to wish to reject or disdain

; to wish to escape

: Intensive jehīyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- grammar

hānikara

mfn. injurious, detrimental

hayagrīva

m. "horse-necked", Name of a form of viṣṇu- (manifested according to to one legend, in order to recover the veda- carried off by two daitya-s called madhu- and kaiṭabha-)

hayagrīva

m. of a daitya- (also called brahma-veda-prahartṛ-,as having carried off the veda-s at the dissolution of the universe caused by brahma-'s sleep at the end of the past kalpa-;in order to recover them, viṣṇu- became incarnate as a matsya- or fish, and slew haya-grīva-)

etc.

hemaka

n. of a daitya- (?)

hetu

m. "impulse", motive, cause, cause of, reason for (locative case,rarely dative case or genitive case; hetunā-, hetoḥ-, hetave-, hetau-,"for a cause or reason","by reason of","on account of"[with genitive case or compound exempli gratia, 'for example' mama hetoḥ-or mad-dhetoḥ-,"on account of me"]; kaṃ hetum-or ko heṭuḥ-,"wherefore?""why?"

; yato hetoḥ-,"because"; anena hetunā-or iti hetoḥ-,"for this reason"; mṛtyu-hetave-,"in order to kill"; hetur alaukikaḥ-,"a supernatural cause"; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' hetu-also ="having as a cause or motive","caused or effected or actuated or attracted or impelled by" exempli gratia, 'for example' karma-hetu-,"caused by the acts [of a former existence]"

; māṃsa-hetu-,"attracted by [the smell of] flesh"

; karma-phala-hetu-,"impelled by [the expectation of] the consequences of any act"

)

etc.

hiraṇya

m. Name of a, daitya-

hiraṇyakaśipu

m. Name of a daitya- king noted for impiety (he was son of kaśyapa- and diti-, and had obtained a boon from brahmā- that he should not be slain by either god or man or animal; hence he became all-powerful; when, however, his pious son prahlāda- praised viṣṇu-, that god appeared out of a pillar in the form nara-siṃha-,"half man, half lion" , and tore hiraṇya-kaśipu- to pieces; this was viṣṇu-'s fourth avatāra-;See pra-hlāda-, nara-siṃha-)

(see

)

hiraṇyākṣa

m. Name of a noted daitya- (twin brother of hiraṇya-kaśipu-, and killed by viṣṇu-, in his third or varṣa- avatāra-)

(

)

hradodara

m. "lake-bellied", Name of a daitya-

hrāsa

m. shortening, diminution, decrease, deterioration, detriment

etc.

ilvala

m. Name of a daitya- (the brother of vātāpi-)

ina

mfn. (fr. i-

;or fr. in-= inv-), able, strong, energetic, determined, bold

indravairin

m. indra-'s enemy, a daitya-

jha

m. Name of a chief of the daitya-s

jharjhara

m. Name of a daitya- (son of hiraṇyākṣa-)

jugupsita

mfn. disliked, detested, disgusting

etc.

but the old form kad- is found in the veda- (See

) ; ([ confer, compare Zend ka,ko7,kA7,kat; Greek , (Ion.,) , ; Latin quis,quid; Lithuanian kas k/a-; Gothic hvas,hvo7,hva, Anglo-Saxon hwa1,hwaet; English who,what.]) The interrogative sentence introduced by ka- is often terminated by iti- (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putra iti kathyatām-,let it be said, "whose son is he?") , but iti- may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putro na jñāyate-,it is not known whose son he is) . ka- with or without 1. as- may express"how is it possible that?""what power have I, you, they, etc.?" (exempli gratia, 'for example' ke mama dhanvino'nye-,what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum-,what power have we to rescue you?) ka- is often connected with a demonstrative pronoun (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko 'yam āyāti-,who comes here?) or with the potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko hariṃ nindet-,who will blame hari-?) ka- is sometimes repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ ko 'tra-,who is there? kān kān-,whom? whom? id est which of them? confer, compare Gram. 54) , and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (exempli gratia, 'for example' keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam-,which book is to be read by whom? Gram. 836. a-). When kim- is connected with the inst. Calcutta edition of a noun or with the indecl. participle it may express"what is gained by doing so, etc.?" (equals ko'rthas-)

a taddhita- affix (much used in forming adjectives;it may also be added to nouns to express diminution, deterioration, or similarity exempli gratia, 'for example' putraka-,a little son; aśvaka-,a bad horse or like a horse).

kaivalya

n. perfect isolation, abstraction, detachment from all other connections, detachment of the soul from matter or further transmigrations, beatitude

etc.

kālalocana

m. "black-eyed", Name of a daitya-

kālanirṇaya

m. "determination or fixing of times", Name of work (composed 1336 A.D., also called kāla-mādhavīya-,by mādhavācārya-)

kalaśodara

m. of a daitya-

kālavadana

m. "black-faced", Name of a daitya-

kāleya

m. plural Name of a family of daitya-s

kalpa

m. resolve, determination

kamaṭha

m. of a daitya-

kaṇṭaka

m. a term in the nyāya- philosophy implying refutation of argument, detection of error etc.

kapaṭadaitya

m. Name of a daitya-, or one who pretends to be a daitya-

kāra

m. determination

karavīra

m. of a daitya-

kāryādhipa

m. a dominant or presiding planet determining any matter (in astrology)

kaśyapāpatya

n. Name of a daitya-

kaulīna

n. rumour, report, evil report, detraction

(in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).)

keśa

m. of a daitya-

khara

m. a daitya- or demon

khasṛma

m. Name of a daitya- (son of vipracitti- and siṃhikā-)

kheṭa

mn. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') expressing defectiveness or deterioration (

; exempli gratia, 'for example' nagara--,"a miserable town"

; upānat--,"a miserable shoe"

; muni--,"a miserable sage"

)

kīcaka

m. Name of a daitya-

kḷpta

mfn. ascertained, determined (as an opinion)

koṭavī

f. Name of the tutelar deity of the daitya-s

(varia lectio koṭṭ-).

kṛ

Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- (

) ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also

), /akran- (Aorist,according to

); A1. /akri- (

), /akṛthās- (

), /akṛta- (

); akrātām- (

), /akrata- (

) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also

), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- (

) , 3. plural kr/anta- (

) : Potential kriyāma- (

); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to

) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- (

) (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (

); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (

), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā-

), kṛṇavase- (also

varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- (

) or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- (

) : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi-

); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after

]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- (

) : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also

), kuruta- or kurutana- (

); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- (

), vāma- or vāmas- (

), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (

; he-

), karavaithe-, vaite- (

), vāmahai-(he-

) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (

); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (

); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam-

); A1. cakrāṇa- (

) : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (

); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (

), acakrat- (

), /acakriran- (

); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (

); Class. akārṣīt- (

;once akāraṣīt-

); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- (

) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([

]) and kṛtv/āya- ([

]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake

etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command)

; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build

; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case)

etc. ; to compose, describe

; to cultivate

(confer, compare

) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"

; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"

; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry

; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love

; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider

; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog '

;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-]

; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of

) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[

etc.] or buddhim-[

] or matim-[

]or bhāvam-[

], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief

; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going

; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd

; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him

) ; to think of (accusative)

; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal

)

etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case)

etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume

; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case)

; to make liable to (dative case)

; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden)

; to appoint, institute

; to give an order, commission

; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-)

; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city)

; to proceed, act, put in practice

etc. ; to worship, sacrifice

; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-)

(

), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula (

) ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram-

; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw

) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-)

The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty

; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([

]) or salilaṃ- ([

]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons

; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute

; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc.

; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate

; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- (

) , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see

;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti-

; imperfect tense akar-

and

;3. plural akran-

and

; preceding kriyāt-

(See

);according to

, also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see

] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made

; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade

; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee

) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate

etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house

)

. Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word

; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly

; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does

) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs-

) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after

etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship

: Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See

), to do repeatedly

; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([

]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator

]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .])

kratu

m. (1. kṛ-,or 2. kṛ-), plan, design, intention, resolution, determination, purpose

kṛtadhī

mfn. determined, resolved on (infinitive mood)

kṛtaniścaya

mfn. determined or resolved on (dative case, locative case infinitive mood or in compound)

kṛtaniścayin

mfn. one who has formed a resolution, determined, resolved

kṣitikampana

m. of a daitya-

a pronominal base appearing in k/utas-, k/utra-, kuv/id-, k/uha-, kv/a-, and as a prefix implying deterioration, depreciation, deficiency, want, littleness, hindrance, reproach, contempt, guilt

kucara

mfn. speaking ill of any one, detracting

kuja

m. of the daitya- naraka- (conquered by kṛṣṇa-)

kujambha

m. Name of a daitya- (younger brother of jambha- and son of prahlāda- or prahrāda-, a son of hiraṇya-kaśipu-)

kulabha

m. Name of a daitya- (varia lectio sulabha-)

kumbhabāhu

m. Name of a daitya-

kumbhakarṇa

m. Name of a daitya-

kumuda

m. of a daitya-

kumudinī

f. Name of the daughter of a daitya-

kuṣāku

mfn. wicked, detestable

kuśanetra

m. Name of a daitya-

kuvāda

mfn. detracting, censorious

kuvalayāpīḍa

m. Name of a daitya- (who, changed to an elephant, became the vehicle of kaṃsa-)

ḹ

f. wife of a daitya-

lābhālābha

m. dual number profit and loss, gain and detriment

lalitavistara

m. Name of a sūtra- work giving a detailed account of the artless and natural acts in the life of the buddha-.

lalitavistarapurāṇa

n. Name of a sūtra- work giving a detailed account of the artless and natural acts in the life of the buddha-.

lamba

m. of a daitya-

lavaṇa

m. of a rākṣasa- or daitya-

lola

m. of the mother of the daitya- madhu-

lolūyā

f. determination to cut

madālasā

f. Name of the daughter of the gandharva- viśvā-vasu- (carried off by the daitya- pātāla-ketu-, and subsequently the wife of kuvalayāśva-)

madhudviṣ

m. "foe of the daitya- madhu-", Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa-

madhuhan

m. "slayer of the daitya- madhu-", Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa-

madhuhantṛ

m. "slayer of the daitya- madhu-", Name of rāma- as an incarnation of viṣṇu-

madhujit

m. "conqueror of the daitya- madhu-", Name of viṣṇu-

madhumuranarakavināśana

m. "destroyer of (the daitya-s) madhu-, mura- and naraka-", Name of viṣṇu-kṛṣṇa-

mahādaitya

m. "the great daitya-", Name of a daitya-

mahājihva

m. Name of a daitya-

mahārava

m. Name of a daitya-

(varia lectio -bala-)

maināka

m. Name of a daitya-

mandakarman

n. the process for determining the apsis of a planet's course

maṇimatī

f. Name of a town of the daitya-s

mantr

(properly a Nom.fr. mantra-,), cl.10 A1. (

) mantr/ayate- (rarely P. ti-; subjunctive mantrayaithe-, te-

; Potential mantrayīta-

; infinitive mood mantrayitum-

), to speak, talk, say

; to deliberate, take counsel, consult with (instrumental case with or without saha-) or about (dative case)

etc. ; to resolve upon, determine to (infinitive mood)

; to deliberate on, discuss (accusative)

etc. ; to counsel, advise, propose any measure, give any one advice (with accusative of Persian,or with genitive case of Persian and accusative of thing)

etc. ; to consecrate with sacred or magical texts, enchant with spells or charms

mantrita

mfn. discussed, deliberated, determined

etc.

maraṇaniścaya

mfn. determined to die

marārāma

m. Name of a daitya-

marīci

m. of a daitya-

markaṭaka

m. a daitya-.

martavya

n. impersonal or used impersonally "it must be died" (vye sati-,death being inevitable; vye kṛta-niścaya- mfn.determined to die)

maru

m. Name of a daitya- (usually associated with naraka-)

marudvega

m. "having the velocity of wind", Name of a daitya-

mati

f. thought, design, intention, resolution, determination, inclination, wish, desire (with locative case dative case or infinitive mood)

etc. ( matyā matyā- ind.wittingly, knowingly, purposely; matiṃ- kṛ-or dhā-or dhṛ-or ā-dhā-or samā-dhā-or ā-sthā-or sam-ā-sthā-,with locative case dative case accusative with prati-,or artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to set the heart on, make up one's mind, resolve, determine; matim-with Causal of ni-vṛt-and ablative of a verbal noun, to give up the idea of; āhita-mati- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' -having resolved upon; vinivṛtta-mati-with ablative = having desisted from)

maya

m. (3. mā-) Name of an asura- (the artificer or architect of the daitya-s, also versed in magic, astronomy and military science)

etc.

meghanāda

m. of a dānava- or daitya-

meghavāsas

m. "clad in cloud", Name of a daitya-

mīnākṣa

m. Name of a daitya-

mokṣ

cl.1 A1. mokṣate- (rather Desiderative fr.2. muc-; future mokṣiṣyate-

), to wish to free one's self. seek deliverance

(see

) ; to free one's self from (accusative), shake off

; cl.10 P. (

;rather Nom.fr. mokṣa-,below), mokṣayati- (mc. also A1. te-; imperative mokṣayadhvam-

; future mokṣayiṣyati-, te-

; infinitive mood mokṣitum-

varia lectio), to free or deliver from (ablative)

etc. ; to liberate, emancipate (from transmigration)

; to loosen, untie, undo

; to detach, extract, draw out of (ablative)

; to wrest or take away anything from (ablative)

; to shed, cause to flow (blood)

; to cast, hurl, fling

mucukunda

m. Name of a daitya-

mukhaprekṣa

(

) (

) mfn. observing or watching the face (to detect any one's intentions).

mukhaprekṣin

(

) mfn. observing or watching the face (to detect any one's intentions).

muktaka

mfn. detached, separate, independent

muktaka

n. a detached śloka- (the meaning of which is complete in itself)

muṇḍa

m. of a daitya-

mura

m. Name of a daitya- slain by kṛṣṇa-

(see muru-)

murā

f. a species of fragrant plant (named after the daitya-)

muru

m. of a daitya- (equals mura-)

(Calcutta edition maru-)

naiścitya

m. determination, certainty

nala

m. of a daitya-

nemi

m. Name of a daitya-

nidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to put or lay down, deposit, lay up, preserve (A1.for one's self) ; to intrust, commit, present to (dative case or locative case) ; put into, fix in (locative case,or locative case with ant/ar-,or antar- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound')

etc. ; put or lay before a person (dative case)

; (with bhūmau-[

]or avaṭe-[

]) to bury ; (with śirasi-,rarely sā-) to esteem highly

; (with dṛśam-) to fix the eyes upon (locative case)

; (with manas-) to fix or direct the thoughts upon or towards id est resolve, determine to (dative case)

; (with manasi-, sā-,or hṛdaye-) to keep in mind, bear in mind, remember, lay to heart

; (with hṛdayam-) to give one's heart to (locative case) ; (with ātmānam-) to intrust one's self to (locative case)

; (with kriyām-) to take pains with (locative case)

; (with karmaṇi-) to appoint a person to a work

; to keep down, restrain

; to end, close

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be put or laid down etc. ; to be contained or situated or absorbed in, to rest in (locative case)

etc. etc.: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to be put or laid down etc.

; to cause to be deposited or preserved

; to lay up, preserve

; to appoint

: Desiderative -dhitsate-, to intend to put down etc.

: Intensive n/idedhyat- (?) , to settle down

niḥsaṃkalpa

mfn. having no determination or will

niḥsaṅga

mfn. unconnected, separated, detached

niram

A1. -ramate- (Aorist 3. plural -araṃsata-), to rest, come to rest, cease

: Causal -rāmayati- (Aorist -arīramat-), to cause to rest, stop, detain

; (-ramayati-) to gladden, give pleasure (by sexual union)

nirartha

m. (th/a-) loss, detriment

nirdeśa

m. description, specification, special mention, details or particulars

etc.

nirdeśanīya

(

) mfn. to be pointed out or determined or described or proclaimed or foretold.

nirdeśya

(

) mfn. to be pointed out or determined or described or proclaimed or foretold.

nirdhāraṇīya

mfn. to be ascertained or determined

nirdhārita

mfn. determined, ascertained, settled, accurately stated or told

nirdhṛ

(only Passive voice Aorist -adhāri-

), to settle, ascertain: Caus. -dhārayati-, to hold back (the breath)

; to take or pick out, particularize (determine Passive voice present tense p. -dhāryamāṇa-)

: Desiderative of Causal -didhārayiṣati-, to wish to ascertain or define

nirdiṣṭa

mfn. ordered, meant or determined for, appointed to (dative case)

nirṇaya

m. complete ascertainment, decision, determination, settlement

nirṇeya

mfn. to be ascertained or determined

nirūpaṇa

mfn. stating, determining, defining (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), chapter of

nirūpayitavya

mfn. to be ascertained or determined

nirūpita

mfn. seen, observed, considered, weighed, discovered, ascertained, determined, defined

etc.

nisandi

m. Name of a daitya-

niścaya

m. resolution, resolve fixed intention, design, purpose, aim (yaṃ-kṛ-,to resolve upon, determine to [dat. locative case or inf])

etc.

niścāyaka

mfn. who or what ascertains and determines, determining, decisive ( niścāyakatva -tva- n.)

niści

P. -cinoti-, (imperative -cinu-

; perfect tense -cikāya-

; Aorist A1. nir-aceṣṭa-

; Passive voice nir-acāyi-

; ind.p. niś-citya-

etc.) , to ascertain, investigate, decide, settle, fix upon, determine, resolve

niścita

mfn. one who has come to a conclusion or formed a certain opinion, determined to, resolute upon (dative case locative case, artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' or compound)

etc.

niścita

mfn. ascertained, determined, settled, decided

(superl. -tama-)

etc.

nivartayitavya

mfn. to be kept back or detained

nivātakavaca

m. plural of a class of dānava-s or daitya-s

niyam

P. -yacchati-, to stop (trans.), hold back, detain with (locative case) ; (A1.) to stop (intrans.), stay, remain

; to keep back, refuse ; (A1.) to fail, be wanting

; to fasten, tie to (locative case), bind up (hair etc.)

etc. ; to hold over, extend (śarma-)

; to hold downwards (the hand)

; to bring near, procure, bestow, grant, offer, present (rain, gifts etc.)

etc. ; to hold in, keep down, restrain, control, govern, regulate (as breath, the voice, the organs of sense etc.)

etc. ; to suppress or conceal (one's nature)

; to destroy, annihilate (opp. to sṛj-)

; to restrict (food etc.; see below) ; to fix upon, settle, determine, establish

; (in gram.) to lower, pronounce low id est with the anudātta-

: Causal -yamayati-, to restrain, curb, check, suppress, restrict

niyama

m. reduction or restriction to (with locative case or prati-), determination, definition

niyamita

mfn. fixed on, determined, destined to be (infinitive mood)

pāka

m. Name of a daitya- slain by indra-

pākadviṣ

m. "foe or destroyer of the daitya- pāka-", Name of indra-

pākaniṣaṃdana

m. "foe or destroyer of the daitya- pāka-", Name of indra-

pākaśāsana

m. "punisher of the daitya- pāka-"or"instructor of the ignorant", Name of indra-

(see

)

pariccheda

m. resolution, determination

paricchid

( chid-; infinitive mood -cchettum- ind.p. -cchidya-), to cut on both sides, clip round, cut through or off or to pieces, mutilate

etc. ; to mow or reap (corn),

; to limit on all sides, define or fix accurately, discriminate, decide, determine

; to separate, divide, part

; to avert, obviate

paricchinna

mfn. cut off, divided, detached, confined, limited, circumscribed ( paricchinnatva -tva- n.)

etc.

paricchinna

mfn. determined, ascertained

parikḷp

Caus. -kalpayati- (Passive voice -kalpyate-), to fix, settle, determine, destine for (with accusative, artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound', locative case or an infinitive mood with pass. sense)

etc. ; to choose

; to perform, execute, accomplish, contrive, arrange, make

; to distribute, divide (with an adverb in dhā-)

; to admit or invite to (locative case)

; to suppose, presuppose

parimā

A1. -mimīte- (perfect tense -mame-; Passive voice -mīyate-; infinitive mood -mātum-), to measure round or about, mete out, fulfil, embrace

etc. ; to measure, estimate, determine

parinirmita

mfn. settled, determined

paripaṭh

P. -paṭhati-, to discourse

; to enumerate completely, detail, mention, name

paripāṭhaka

mfn. enumerating completely, detailing

paripāṭhena

ind. in detail, completely

parisādhana

n. determining, ascertaining

paryavadhāraṇa

n. ( dhṛ-) precise determination, careful consideration, refining, subtilizing

pātālaketu

m. Name of a daitya- prince

phenila

m. Sapindus Detergens

phenilā

f. Sepindus Detergens

phenila

n. the fruit of Sepindus Detergens or of Zizyphus Jujuba or of madana-

piṅgākṣa

m. of a daitya-

piśunatā

f. slander, scandal, detraction

piśunavāda

m. (

) evil speech, detraction, slander.

prabala

m. of a daitya-

pracodita

mfn. decreed, determined

prācuryeṇa

ind. in detail

pradā

P. -dadāti-, rarely A1. -datte-, (Ved. infinitive mood pr/a-dātos-

;irreg. Potential P. -dadet-

), to give away, give, offer, present, grant, bestow

etc. etc. (with or scilicet bhāryām-,to give in marriage;with prativacas-,to grant an answer;with pravṛttim-,to information about an event;with yuddham-,to grant battle;with dvaṃdva-yuddham-,to engage in single combat;with vidyām-,to communicate or impart knowledge;with hutāśanam-,to set fire to) ; to give up, abolish

; to sell (with instrumental case of price)

; to restore (anything lost etc.)

; to pay, discharge (a debt)

; to put or place in (locative case)

: Passive voice -dīyate-, to be given away, be given

etc.: Causal -dāpayati-, to cause to give

etc. ; to compel to give back or to repay

; to cause to put in or to

; to put or place in (locative case)

; (with vastim-), to apply a clyster

: Desiderative -ditsate-, to wish to give in marriage

pradeśa

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) pointing out, showing, indication, direction, decision, determination

pradhṛ

(only perfect tense A1. -dadhre-,with manas-), to set the mind upon anything (dative case), resolve, determine

: Causal P. -dhārayati-, to chastise, inflict a punishment on any one (locative case; see daṇḍaṃ-dhṛ-)

; to keep in remembrance

; to reflect, consider

; (pradhārayantu- wrong reading for pra dhārā yantu-

) .

praduṣ

P. -duṣyati-, to become worse, deteriorate

; to be defiled or polluted, fall (morally)

; to commit an offence against (accusative)

; to become faithless, fall off

: Causal -dūṣayati-, to spoil, deprave, corrupt, pollute, defile

etc. ; to abuse, blame, censure

; (with cittam-) to be angry

prāgalbhī

f. (fr. galbha-) boldness, confidence, resoluteness, determination

prahlāda

m. Name of a pious daitya- (son of hiraṇya-kaśipu-;he was made king of the daitya- by viṣṇu-, and was regent of one of the divisions of pātāla-; see pra-hrāda-)

(

)

prakalpya

mfn. to be appointed or settled or fixed or determined

prakḷp

A1. -kalpate- (rarely P. ti-), to prosper, succeed

; to be fit or suitable (with infinitive mood)

: Causal -kalpayati-, to place in front, put at the head, honour

; to put down on (locative case)

; to appoint or elect to, select for (locative case)

; to put in the place of (genitive case)

; to contrive, invent, devise, prepare, provide

etc. ; to fix, settle, determine

; to prescribe

; to make out, ascertain, calculate

; to make into, choose for (2 accusative or accusative and locative case)

; to suppose, imagine (with accusative and locative case)

prakṛ

P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute-, -kṛṇoti-, ṇute- etc., to make, produce, accomplish, perform, achieve, effect

etc. ; to make into, render (with double accusative)

etc. ; (with dārān-) to take to wife, marry

; to appoint, charge with (locative case)

; to enable to, make fit for (infinitive mood)

; to remove, destroy, kill

; (only A1.by

) to violate, pollute (a girl)

; (A1.) to induce, move, incline

; to make a person perform anything

; (with manas-,or buddhim-) to set the heart upon, make up the mind to (dative case or locative case), resolve, determine

; to gain, win, conquer

; to lay out, expend

; to put forward, mention first, make the subject of discussion

; to serve, honour, worship

: Causal -kārayati-, to cause to be made or prepared

pralamba

m. Name of a daitya- slain by balarāma- or kṛṣṇa-

etc.

pramuc

P. A1. -muñcati-, te-, to set free, let go, liberate, release from (ablative)

; to loosen, loose, untie, unbind, undo

; to rid one's self of (genitive case), escape

; (ind.p. -mucya-,having liberated one's self from[ ablative ]

) ; to drive away, banish, shake off

; to give up, resign, renounce

; to discharge, emit, throw out, shed

etc. ; to hurl, fling, throw, shoot

; to utter

; to throw or put on (as a garland etc.)

; to lend, bestow

: Passive voice -mucyate-, to free one's self from (ablative or instrumental case)

etc. ; to be loosened, become loose or detached, fall off (as fruits)

; to leave off, cease

: Causal -mocayati-, to liberate from (ablative)

; to loosen, untie

: Desiderative -mumukṣati-, to be about to give up or resign

praṇihita

mfn. resolved, determined

prapañca

m. amplification, prolixity, diffuseness, copiousness (in style; prapañcena cena- ind.and prapañcatas ca-tas- ind.diffusely, in detail)

prapañcaka

mf(ikā-)n. amplifying, explaining in detail

prapañcaya

Nom. P. yati-, to develop, amplify, explain in detail

; to dwell upon a note (accusative) in music

prāpti

f. discovery, determination

prarī

P. -riṇāti-, to sever, detach, take away

; A1. -rīyate-, to penetrate, enter (?),

pratigraha

m. the reserve of an army (a detachment posted with the general 400 yards in the rear of a line)

pratipāduka

mf(ī-)n. determining, ascertaining

pratipatti

f. confidence, assurance, determination

(see a-pratp-)

pratisaṃvedaka

mfn. giving detailed information

prativāraṇa

m. (with daitya-), a daitya- in the form of an elephant

prativiśeṣaṇa

n. detailed specification

pratyādeśa

m. warning, determent, prevention

pratyakṣasiddha

mfn. determined by evidence of the senses

pratyāmnāna

n. contrary determination, altered purpose

pratyavayava

(in the beginning of a compound)in every part or particular, in detail

pratyavayavam

(ind.) in every part or particular, in detail

pratyavayavavarṇanā

f. a detailed or minute description

pravartitṛ

m. one who settles or determines

pravijñā

P. -jānāti-, to know in detail or accurately

pravistara

m. circumference, compass. extent

(reṇa-,"in great detail") .

pṛthu

mf(v/ī-or u-)n. prolix, detailed

punarninṛtta

mfn. again repeated in detail

puṇḍra

m. Name of a son of the daitya- bali- (ancestor of the puṇḍra-s)

pūrvadiṣṭa

mfn. determined by former actions

pūrvakarmakṛtavādin

m. one who asserts that only preceding actions determine the following

pūrvasiddha

mfn. previously settled or determined or proved

puṣpavat

m. Name of a daitya-

rāhu

m. (fr. rabh-; see graha-and grah-) "the Seizer", Name of a daitya- or demon who is supposed to seize the sun and moon and thus cause eclipses (he is fabled as a son of vipra-citti- and siṃhikā- and as having a dragon's tail;when the gods had churned the ocean for the amṛta- or nectar of immortality, he disguised himself like one of them and drank a portion;but the Sun and Moon revealed the fraud to viṣṇu-, who cut off rāhu-'s head, which thereupon became fixed in the stellar sphere, and having become immortal through drinking the amṛta-, has ever since wreaked its vengeance on the Sun and Moon by occasionally swallowing them;while at the same time the tail of the demon became ketu- [q.v.] and gave birth to a numerous progeny of comets and fiery meteors;in astronomy rāhu- is variously regarded as a dragon's head, as the ascending node of the moon [or point where the moon intersects the ecliptic in passing northwards], as one of the planets[ see graha-],and as the regent of the south-west quarter[

];among Buddhists many demons are called rāhu-)

etc.

raivata

m. of a daitya-

rājyacyuta

m. a dethroned or deposed monarch

rājyacyuti

f. loss of sovereignty, dethronement

raktavikāra

m. alteration or deterioration of blood

raṇotkaṭa

m. of a daitya-

rī

or ri- (see li-) cl.9 P. (

) riṇ/āti- cl.4 P. (

) r/īyate- (riṇīte-

; riyati-

; imperfect tense ariṇvan-

; Gr.pf. rirāya-, rirye-; Aorist araiṣīt-, areṣṭa-; future retā-; reṣyati-, te-; infinitive mood retum-), to release, set free, let go

; to sever, detach from (ablative)

; to yield, bestow

; (A1.) to be shattered or dissolved, melt, become fluid, drop, flow

: Causal repayati- (Aorist arīripat-) grammar : Desiderative rirīṣati-, te-

: Intens, rerīyate-, rerayīti-

riṣṭa

m. Sapindus Detergens

(see a-riṣṭa-)

riṣṭa

m. Name of a daitya-

riṣṭaka

m. Sapindus Detergens

rocanāmukha

m. Name of a daitya-

ruciprabha

m. Name of a daitya-

rugviniścaya

m. (also called roga-v-or mādhava-nidāna-or simply nidāna-) "determination of disease", Name of work by mādhava- (treating of the causes and diagnosis of 80 kinds of disease).

ruru

m. of a dānava- or daitya- (said to have been slain by durgā-)

ruśat

mf(/antī-or atī-)n. hurting, injuring, mortifying, detestable, disagreeable

(varia lectio ruṣat-)

sabādha

mfn. painful, detrimental to (genitive case)

sāhasra

m. an army or detachment consisting of a thousand men

sahasrākṣa

m. Name of indra- (so called from the curse of gautama- who detecting indra- in a desire to seduce his wife ahalyā- covered him with a thousand marks of the female organ, afterwards changed to eyes;a different legend is in

)

śaiśirāstra

mfn. having cold weapons (as the moon in fighting with the daitya-s)

(varia lectio śiśirāstra-)

śaktigrāhaka

m. who or what causes to apprehend the force or signification (of a word or phrase), determining or establishing the meaning of words (as a dictionary, grammar etc.)

samabhisaṃdhā

cl.1. P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to place or put into (locative case)

; to aim at, strive after, determine on (accusative)

samādāna

n. resolve, determination

(

also"receiving suitable donations";"the daily observances of the jaina- sect";"the middle part of the sacrificial post") .

samarth

(in some senses rather Nom.fr. sam-artha-below) A1. -arthayate- (rarely P. ti-), to make fit or ready, prepare

; to finish, close

; to connect with (instrumental case) in sense, construe (grammatically)

; to judge, think, contemplate, consider

etc. ; to suppose to be, take for (accusative with prati-)

; to notice, perceive, find out

; to fix upon, determine, approve

; to cheer up, comfort, encourage

; samarthaya-, often wrong reading for samarpaya- See sam-ṛ-.

samarthanarthanīya

mfn. to be determined or fixed or established

samarthita

mfn. resolved, determined

śāmbarī

f. jugglery, sorcery, illusion (as practised by the daitya- śambara-)

śambhu

m. of a king of the daitya-s

śambūka

m. of a daitya-

saṃdita

mfn. bound or fastened together, detained, caught

saṃghaṭṭacakra

n. a particular astrological diagram (for determining the proper season for war)

saṃkalpa

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' f(ā-).) conception or idea or notion formed in the mind or heart, (especially) will, volition, desire, purpose, definite intention or determination or decision or wish for (with locative case dative case,or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'), sentiment, conviction, persuasion

saṃkalpa

m. a solemn vow or determination to perform any ritual observance, declaration of purpose (exempli gratia, 'for example' a declaration by a widow of her intention to burn herself with her deceased husband)

saṃkalpaka

mfn. (fr. Causal) determining, deciding, purposing, wishing,

saṃkalpakalpita

mfn. (fr. Causal) wished for, desired, intended, purposed, determined, resolved on

etc.

saṃkalpavat

mfn. possessing determination, one who decides, a decider

saṃkḷp

A1. -kalpate-, to be brought about, come into existence

; to be in order or ready

; to wish, long for, be desirous of (See saṃ-kalpanīya-): Causal -kalpayati-, te-, to put together, arrange

; to produce, create

; to move or rock to and fro (the head)

; to determine, fix, settle

; to destine for (locative case)

; (with or without manasā-), to will, purpose, resolve, intend, aim at, strive after

etc. etc., to imagine, fancy, take for, consider as (accusative with iva-)

; to think about, ponder, hesitate

; to perform obsequies

sampradhāraṇa

n. (andf(ā-).) determination, deliberation, deciding on the propriety or impropriety of anything

sampradhārita

mfn. fixed or determined upon, deliberated about

sampradhṛ

Caus. -dhārayati-, to direct towards, deliver over to (dative case)

; (with buddhim-) to fix the mind or thoughts steadily upon (locative case), determine, resolve, settle, decide

; (with or without buddhyā-, manasā-,or hṛdaye-) to ponder, reflect, consider, deliberate or think about (accusative)

etc.: Passive voice -dhāryate-, to be fixed upon or determined

sampraduṣ

P. -duṣyati-, to become thoroughly bad, deteriorate

sampradūṣaṇa

n. utter deterioration, corruption

saṃruddha

mfn. stopped completely, detained, obstructed, hindered etc.

saṃrudh

P. A1. -ruṇaddhi-, -runddhe-, to stop completely, detain, obstruct, check, confine

etc. ; to block up (a road)

; to invest, besiege

etc. ; to shut up (the mind from external objects)

; to keep off, avert, impede, prevent

; to withhold, refuse

: Causal -rodhayati- (only ind.p. -rodhya-), to cause to stop, obstruct

saṃskṛti

f. determination, effort

saṃśliṣṭa

mfn. confused, indeterminate (as an action which is neither good nor bad)

saṃsthā

A1. -tiṣṭhate- (

; Epic and mc. also P. -tiṣṭhati-;Ved. infinitive mood -sthātos-

), to stand together, hold together (perfect tense parasmE-pada dual number -tasthān/e-,said of heaven and earth)

; to come or stay near (locative case)

; to meet (as enemies), come into conflict

; to stand still, remain, stay, abide (literally and figuratively;with vākye-,"to obey")

etc. ; to be accomplished or completed (especially applied to rites)

; to prosper, succeed, get on well

; to come to an end, perish, be lost, die

; to become, be turned into or assume the form of (accusative)

: Caus -sthāpayati- (subjunctive Aorist tiṣṭipaḥ-

), to cause to stand up or firm, raise on their legs again (fallen horses)

; to raise up, restore (dethroned kings)

; to confirm, encourage, comfort (ātmānam-,or hṛdayam-,"one's self" id est"take heart again")

; to fix or place upon or in (locative case)

etc. ; to put or add to (uparī-)

; to build (a town)

; to heap, store up (goods)

; to found, establish, fix, settle, introduce, set a foot

; to cause to stand still, stop, restrain, suppress (breath, semen etc.)

; to accomplish, conclude, complete (especially a rite)

; to put to death, kill

; to perform the last office for id est to burn, cremate (a dead body)

; to put to subjection, subject

: Desiderative of Causal -sthāpayiṣati-, to wish to finish or conclude

saṃsthākṛta

mfn. settled, determined

samudra

m. of a daitya-

samudramathana

m. Name of a daitya-

samupajātābhiniveśam

ind. after having formed a determined resolution

samutpaṭ

P. -pāṭayati-, to tear completely out or up, uproot, detach, sever

; to expel, dethrone

samutpāṭa

m. tearing out or away, severing, detaching

samutpāṭita

mfn. torn completely out or away, uprooted, detached

saṃvidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to dispose, arrange, settle, fix, determine, prescribe

; to direct, order

; to carry on, conduct, manage, attend to, mind

etc. ; to use, employ

; to make use of. act or proceed with (instrumental case)

; (with mānasam-) to keep the mind fixed or composed, be in good spirits

; to make, render (two accusative)

; to set, put, lay, place

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be disposed or arranged etc.

: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to dispose or manage

saṃyamita

mfn. clasped (in the arms), held, detained

śaṅkha

m. of a daitya- (who conquered the gods, stole the veda-s, and carried them off to the bottom of the sea, from whence they were recovered by viṣṇu- in the form of a fish)

śaṅkhāsura

m. the daitya- śaṅkha-

sarvapā

f. Name of the wife of the daitya- bali-

śatapathabrāhmaṇa

n. "the brāhmaṇa- with a hundred paths or sections"Name of a well-known brāhmaṇa- attached to the vājasaneyi-saṃhitā- or White yajur-veda-, (like the saṃhitā-, this brāhmaṇa- is ascribed to the ṛṣi- yājñavalkya-;it is perhaps the most modern of the brāhmaṇa-s, and is preserved in two śākhā-s or schools, mādhyaṃdina- and kāṇva-;the version belonging to the former is best known, and is divided into fourteen kāṇḍa-s or books which contain one hundred adhyāya-s or lectures [or according to another arrangement into sixty-eight prapāṭhaka-s];the whole work is regarded as the most systematic and interesting of all the brāhmaṇa-s, and though intended mainly for ritual and sacrificial purposes, is full of curious mythological details and legends; see yajur-veda-, vijasaneyisaṃhitā-, brāhmaṇa-)

sāvana

mfn. (fr. 1. savana-,p.1190) relating to or determining the three daily soma- libations id est corresponding to the solar time (day, month, year)

saviśeṣam

ind. with all particulars, in detail

savistara

mf(ā-)n. having diffuseness, diffuse, detained, complete ( savistaram am- ind.)

śibi

m. of a daitya- (son of saṃhrāda-)

śibikāla

m. Name of a daitya-

siddhi

f. decision, adjudication, determination (of a lawsuit)

siṃhāsanabhraṣṭa

mfn. fallen from a throne, dethroned

spardh

(or spṛdh-; see spṛh-) cl.1 A1. (

) sp/ardhate- (mc. also P. ti-;Subj.[ pr/a-] -spūrdh/an-

; perfect tense paspṛdh/e-, dhān/a-, /apaspṛdhethām-

; paspardha-

etc.; Aorist aspṛdhran-, spṛdhānd-

: aspardhiṣṭa- grammar; future spardhitā-, spardhiṣyate-

; infinitive mood sp/ardhitum-

; spūrdh/ase-

; ind.p. -sp/ṛdhya-

), to emulate, compete, rival, vie or cope with (instrumental case with and without saha-,or accusative), contend or struggle for (locative case)

etc. etc.: Causal spardhayati- grammar : Desiderative pispardhiṣate-

: Intensive pāspardhyate-, pāsparddhi-

(apāspāḥ-

)

śravaṇa

n. (in philosophy) the determining by means of the six signs the true doctrine of the vedānta- (in regard to the only really existing Being)

średhīvyavahāra

m. the ascertainment or determination of progressions

sṛgāla

m. of a daitya-

śrutaśrī

m. Name of a daitya-

sthā

cl.1 P. A1. (

) t/iṣṭhati-, te- (perfect tense tasth/au-, tasthe-

etc.; Aorist /asthāt-, /asthita-

;3. plural asthiran-

; āsthat-[?]

; asthiṣi-, ṣata-

etc.; subjunctive sthāti-, sth/āthaḥ-

; preceding stheyāt-

; stheṣam-, ṣuḥ-[?]

; sthāsīṣṭa- grammar; future sthātā-

etc.; sthāsyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood sth/ātum-

; tos-

; -sthitum-

; ind.p. sthitvā-

etc.; -sth/āya-

etc.; -sthāyam-

), to stand, stand firmly, station one's self, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on (with pādābhyām-,"to stand on the feet";with jānubhyām-,"to kneel";with agre-or agratas-and genitive case,"to stand or present one's self before";with puras-and with or without genitive case,"to stand up against an enemy etc.")

etc. ; to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action (exempli gratia, 'for example' with kanyā-,"to remain a girl or unmarried";with tūṣṇīm-or with maunena- instrumental case"to remain silent";with sukham-,"to continue or feel well")

etc. ; to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with locative case; exempli gratia, 'for example' with rājye-,"to continue governing";with śāsane-,"to practise obedience";with bale-,"to exercise power";with sva-dharme-,"to do one's duty";with sva-karmaṇi-,"to keep to one's own business";with saṃśaye-,"to persist in doubting";also with ind.p. exempli gratia, 'for example' dharmam āśritya-,"to practise virtue")

etc. ; to continue to be or exist (as opp. to"perish"), endure, last

etc. ; to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand

etc. ; to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dative case genitive case,or locative case)

etc. ; (A1. mc. also P. confer, compare

) to stand by, abide by, be near to, be on the side of, adhere or submit to, acquiesce in, serve, obey (locative case or dative case)

etc. ; to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate (See under sthitvā-below)

etc. ; to behave or conduct one's self (with samam-,"to behave equally towards any one" locative case) ; to be directed to or fixed on (locative case)

; to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (locative case)

; to rely on, confide in (locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' mayi sthitvā-,"confiding in me")

; to stay at, resort to (accusative)

; to arise from (ablative or genitive case)

; to desist or cease from (ablative)

; to remain unnoticed (as of no importance), be left alone (only imperative and Potential)

: Passive voice sthīyate- (Aorist asthāyi-), to be stood etc. (frequently used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' mayā sthīyatām-,"let it be abided by me" id est"I must abide")

etc. etc.: Causal sthāpayati-, te- (Aorist /atiṣṭhipat-; ind.p. sthāpayitvā-[ q.v ] and -sth/āpam-: Passive voice sthāpyate-), to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute

etc. ; to set up, erect, raise, build

; to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm

etc. ; to prop up, support, maintain

; to affirm, assent

; to appoint (to any office locative case)

etc. ; to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (two accusative;with dhātrīm-,"to employ any one as a nurse";with rakṣārtham-,"to appoint any one as guardian";with sajjam-,"to make anything ready";with su-rakṣitam-,"to keep anything well guarded";with svīkṛtya-,"to make anything one's own";with pariśeṣam-,"to leave anything over or remaining")

etc. ; to fix, settle, determine, resolve

etc. ; to fix in or on, lead or bring into, direct or turn towards (locative case,rarely accusative;with hṛdi-,"to impress on the heart";with manas-,"to fix the mind on")

etc. ; to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' with naye-,"to instruct in a plan or system")

; to make over or deliver up to (locative case or haste-with genitive case,"into the hands of")

; to give in marriage

; to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain (with baddhvā-,"to keep bound or imprisoned")

etc. ; to place aside, keep, save, preserve

: Desiderative of Causal -sthāpayiṣati- (See saṃ-sthā-): Desiderative t/iṣṭhāsati-, to wish to stand etc.

: Intensive teṣṭhīyate- ; tāstheti-, tāsthāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin stare; Lithuanian sto4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian stati; German sta7n,stehen; English stand.])

sthāpana

mfn. fixing, determining

sthita

mfn. fixed upon, determined

sthūla

mf(/ā-)n. coarse, gross, rough (also figuratively ="not detailed or precisely defined"; see yathā-sth-)

etc.

śubha

m. the phenila- tree (Sapindus Detergens)

suhotra

m. of a daitya-

śukra

m. the planet Venus or its regent (regarded as the son of bhṛgu- and preceptor of the daitya-s)

etc.

śukrācārya

m. the sage śukrācārya- (regent of the planet Venus and preceptor of the daitya-s)

sukumāra

m. of a daitya-

sulakṣaṇa

n. the act of observing or examining carefully, ascertaining, determining

sulakṣita

mfn. well examined, well determined or ascertained

sulocana

m. Name of a daitya-

sumati

m. Name of a daitya-

sunāman

m. of a daitya- (varia lectio su-manas-)

sunati

m. Name of a daitya- (varia lectio su-mati-)

sunda

m. of a daitya- (son of ni-sunda- and brother of upa-sunda-;the two brothers killed each other while quarrelling for a beautiful apsaras- named tilottamā-)

etc.

sundopasunda

m. dual number the two daitya-s sunda- and upasunda-

suniścita

mfn. well ascertained or determined or fixed or settled ( suniścitam am- ind."most assuredly")

suradviṣ

m. "enemy of the gods", a demon, asura-, daitya- or rākṣasa-

etc.

suvistara

m. great diffuseness (rāt-,"very fully, in great detail")

suvistaram

ind. in great detail, at full length

svarūpa

m. Name of a daitya-

svatvāvagama

m. determination or ascertainment of ownership

svāvaśya

n. (fr. sva-vaśa-) self-will, self-determination

svayaṃvaraprabhā

f. Name of the wife of the daitya- trailokya-mālin-

śveta

m. of a daitya- (son of vipra-citti-)

śvetaśīrṣa

m. Name of a daitya-

svodaya

m. the rising of a sign or of any heavenly body at any particular place (determined by adding to or deducting from the laṅkodaya-or time of rising at Ceylon)

tālajaṅgha

m. of a daitya-

tāmasatapaḥśīla

m. Name of a daitya-

tāra

m. of a daitya- (slain by viṣṇu-)

tāraka

m. Name of a daitya- (conquered by indra- with the assistance of skanda-)

(plural the children of that daitya-, viii, 1553) , xiii

etc.

tārakākṣa

m. Name of a daitya- (son of tāraka-)

tārākṣa

m. (rāk-) "star-eyed", Name of a daitya- (equals rakākṣa-)

tintiḍa

m. Name of a daitya-

ṭiṭṭibha

m. Name of a daitya-,

trailokyamālin

m. Name of a daitya-

tripad

m. Name of a daitya-

tṛṇāvarta

m. Name of a daitya-

tul

cl.10. tolayati-, or tul- (only tul-also figuratively; A1.

) to lift up, raise

(future Passive voice tolayiṣyate-) ; to determine the weight of anything by lifting it up, weigh, compare by weighing and examining, ponder, examine with distrust

etc. ; to make equal in weight, equal, compare (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' na brāhmaṇais tulaye bhūtam anyat-,"I do not compare any other being with Brahmans"

;or with an adverb terminating in -vat-)

etc. ; to counterbalance, outweigh, match, possess in the same degree, resemble, reach

; (perfect tense parasmE-pada tulita-)

([ confer, compare Latin te-tul-ietc.; etc.; Gothic thulan.])

uddiś

P. A1. -diśati-, -te-, to show or direct towards

; to point out, signify, declare, determine

etc. ; to speak of ; to say, enunciate, prophesy

; to mean, point at, take for ; to aim at, intend, destine

etc. ; to explain, instruct, teach

unnatakāla

m. a method of determining the time from the shadow

upasarjana

n. (in grammar) "subordinate, secondary"(opposed to pradhāna-), any word which by composition or derivation loses its original independence while it also determines the sense of another word (exempli gratia, 'for example' the word rājan-in rājapuruṣa-,"a king's servant or minister", and the word apiśali-in āpiśala-

;in a bahu-vrīhi- compound both members are upasarjana-;in other compounds generally the first member

;for exceptionsSee

)

upasunda

m. "the younger brother of sunda-", Name of a daitya-

ūti

m. (for 1. and 2.See 3. and 4. ū-above) , Name of a daitya-

utpaṭ

( ud-paṭ-), Causal -pāṭayati-, to tear up or out, pluck, pull out, break out,

etc. ; to draw out (a sword from its scabbard)

; to open (the eyes etc.)

etc. ; to root up, eradicate, extirpate

etc. ; to drive away, banish ; to dethrone

etc.: Passive voice of the Causal -pāṭyate-, to be cleft ; to part asunder, split

utpāṭana

n. dethronement

utpāṭita

mfn. banished, dethroned.

utsūtra

mfn. loose, detached

vadh

(also written badh-; confer, compare bādh-;properly only used in the Aorist and preceding tenses avadhīt-and dhiṣṭa-; vadhyāt-and vadhiṣīṣṭa-

;the other tenses being supplied by han-; confer, compare

;but in Vedic or Veda and Epic poetry also present tense vadhati-; Potential vadhet-; future vadhiṣyati-, te-;other Vedic or Veda forms are Aorist avadhīm-, v/ahīm- subjunctive vadhiṣaḥ-; badhīḥ-

; preceding badhyāsam-, suḥ-

), to strike, slay, kill, murder, defeat, destroy

etc. etc.: Passive voice vadhyate-, ti- (Aorist avadhi-), to be slain or killed

: Causal vadhayati-, to kill, slay

[a. Greek .]

vahni

m. of a daitya-

vaikṛtya

n. change for the worse, deterioration, degeneration

vailakṣaṇya

n. indeterminableness, indescribableness

vaiśvānara

m. Name of a daitya-

vākyārthopamā

f. a simile in which the resemblance of two things is specified in detail

vālin

m. (also written bālin-) "haired or tailed", Name of a daitya-

valkala

m. Name of a daitya-

(prob. wrong reading for balvala-)

vāmana

m. "the Dwarf", Name of viṣṇu- in his fifth avatāra- or descent (undertaken to humble the pride of the daitya- bali- [q.v.];the germ of the story of this incarnation seems to be contained in the 1st book of the

;the later legend is given in

)

varāha

m. Name of a daitya-

varāhāśva

m. Name of a daitya-

varaniścaya

m. the determining or choosing of a person to be a husband, choice of a bridegroom

varītākṣa

m. Name of a daitya-

varuṇaśarman

m. Name of a warrior on the side of the gods in their war against the daitya-s

vāstava

mf(ī-)n. fixed, determined, demonstrated

vastikarmāḍhya

m. the soap berry, Sapindus Detergens

vāyu

m. of a daitya-

veda

m. Name of certain celebrated works which constitute the basis of the first period of the Hindu religion (these works were primarily three, viz. 1. the ṛg-veda-, 2. the yajur-veda- [of which there are, however, two divisionsSee taittirīya-saṃhitā-, vājasaneyi-saṃhitā-],3. the sāma-veda-;these three works are sometimes called collectively trayī-,"the triple vidyā-"or"threefold knowledge", but the ṛg-veda- is really the only original work of the three, and much the most ancient [the oldest of its hymns being assigned by some who rely on certain astronomical calculations to a period between 4000 and 2500 B.C., before the settlement of the Aryans in India;and by others who adopt a different reckoning to a period between 1400 and 1000 B.C., when the Aryans had settled down in the Panjab];subsequently a fourth veda- was added, called the atharva-veda-, which was probably not completely accepted till after manu-, as his law-book often speaks of the three veda-s-calling them trayam brahma sanātanam-,"the triple eternal veda-", but only once [

] mentions the revelation made to atharvan- and aṅgiras-, without, however, calling it by the later name of atharva-veda-;each of the four veda-s has two distinct parts, viz. 1. mantra-, id est words of prayer and adoration often addressed either to fire or to some form of the sun or to some form of the air, sky, wind etc., and praying for health, wealth, long life, cattle, offspring, victory, and even forgiveness of sins, and 2. brāhmaṇa-, consisting of vidhi- and artha-vāda-, i.e. directions for the detail of the ceremonies at which the mantra-s were to be used and explanations of the legends etc. connected with the mantra-s [see brāhmaṇa-, vidhi-],both these portions being termed śruti-,revelation orally communicated by the Deity, and heard but not composed or written down by men[ see

] , although it is certain that both mantra-s and brāhmaṇa-s were compositions spread over a considerable period, much of the latter being comparatively modern;as the veda-s are properly three, so the mantra-s are properly of three forms, 1. ṛc-, which are verses of praise in metre, and intended for loud recitation;2. yajus-, which are in prose, and intended for recitation in a lower tone at sacrifices;3. sāman-, which are in metre, and intended for chanting at the soma- or Moon-plant ceremonies, the mantra-s of the fourth or atharva-veda- having no special name;but it must be borne in mind that the yajur- and sāma-veda- hymns, especially the latter, besides their own mantra-s, borrow largely from the ṛg-veda-;the yajur-veda- and sāma-veda- being in fact not so much collections of prayers and hymns as special prayer- and hymn-books intended as manuals for the adhvaryu- and udgātṛ- priests respectively [see yajur-veda-, sāma-veda-];the atharva-veda-, on the other hand, is, like the ṛg-veda-, a real collection of original hymns mixed up with incantations, borrowing little from the ṛg- and having no direct relation to sacrifices, but supposed by mere recitation to produce long life, to cure diseases, to effect the ruin of enemies etc.;each of the four veda-s seems to have passed through numerous śākhā-s or schools, giving rise to various recensions of the text, though the ṛg-veda- is only preserved in the śākala- recension, while a second recension, that of the bhāṣkala-s, is only known by name;a tradition makes vyāsa- the compiler and arranger of the veda-s in their present form: they each have an Index or anukramaṇī- [ q.v ], the principal work of this kind being the general Index or sarvānukramaṇī- [ q.v ];out of the brāhmaṇa- portion of the veda- grew two other departments of Vedic literature, sometimes included under the general name veda-, viz. the strings of aphoristic rules, called sūtra-s [ q.v ], and the mystical treatises on the nature of God and the relation of soul and matter, called upaniṣad- [ q.v ], which were appended to the āraṇyaka-s [ q.v ], and became the real veda- of thinking Hindus, leading to the darśana-s or systems of philosophy;in the later literature the name of"fifth veda-"is accorded to the itihāsa-s or legendary epic poems and to the purāṇa-s, and certain secondary veda-s or upa-veda-s [ q.v ] are enumerated;the vedāṅga-s or works serving as limbs [for preserving the integrity] of the veda- are explained under vedāṅga-below: the only other works included under the head of veda- being the pariśiṣṭa-s, which supply rules for the ritual omitted in the sūtra-s;in the bṛhad-āraṇyaka- upaniṣad- the veda-s are represented as the breathings of brahmā-, while in some of the purāṇa-s the four veda-s are said to have issued out of the four mouths of the four-faced brahmā- and in the viṣṇu-purāṇa- the veda- and viṣṇu- are identified)

veṇīra

m. Sapindus Detergens (equals ariṣṭa-)

vibhāga

m. division, separation, distinction, difference

etc. (ena-,separately, singly, in detail; see also yoga-v-)

vicṛt

P. -cṛtati-, to loosen, detach, untie, open, set free

vid

(originally identical with1. vid-) cl.6 P. A1. (

) vind/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also vitt/e-, vid/e-; parasmE-pada vidān/a-or vidāna-[ q.v ]; Epic 3. plural vindate- Potential vindyāt-,often equals vidyāt-; perfect tense viv/eda-[3. plural vividus- subjunctive vividat-], vividv/as-,3. plural vividre-, vidr/e-

etc.; parasmE-pada vividv/as-

; vividivas-

; Aorist /avidat-, data-

[ Vedic or Veda subjunctive vid/āsi-, d/āt-; Potential vid/et-, deta-

;3. sg. videṣṭa-

]; A1.1. sg. avitsi-

; future vettā-, vediṣyati- grammar; vetsyati-, te-

etc.; infinitive mood vid/e-

; vettum-

etc.; v/ettave-

; ttavai-[?] and tos-

; ind.p. vittv/ā-

; -vidya-

etc.) , to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess

etc. etc. (with diśas-,to find out the quarters of she sky

) ; to get or procure for (dative case)

; to seek out, look for, attend to

etc. ; to feel, experience

; to consider as, take for (two accusative)

; to come upon, befall, seize, visit

; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce

; (A1. mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scilicet bhāryām-)

etc. ; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman)

; to obtain (a son, with or scilicet sutam-)

: Passive voice or A1. vidy/ate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada vidyamāna-[ q.v ]; Aorist avedi-), to be found, exist, be

etc. ; (especially in later language) vidyate-,"there is, there exists", often with na-,"there is not" ; with bhoktum-,"there is something to eat" ; followed by a future ,"is it possible that?"

; yathā-vid/e-,"as it happens" id est "as usual","as well as possible"

: Causal vedayati-, to cause to find etc.

: Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, te- grammar (see vivitsita-): Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti-

(for parasmE-pada v/evidat-and dāna-See vi--and saṃvid-).

vidhā

P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, to distribute, apportion, grant, bestow

etc. etc. (with kāmam-,to fulfil a wish) ; to furnish, supply, procure (with ātmanaḥ-,"for one's self")

; to spread, diffuse

; to put in order, arrange, dispose, prepare, make ready

; to divide, parcel out

; to ordain, direct, enjoin, settle, appoint

etc. ; to form, create, build, establish, found

etc. ; to perform, effect, produce, cause, occasion, make, do

etc. (like kṛ-to be translated variously in connection with various nouns exempli gratia, 'for example' with siṃhatvam-,to change into a lion;with saciva-tām-,to assume the office of a minister;with veṣam-,to put on a garment;with vṛttim-,to secure a maintenance;with upāyam-,to devise a means;with mantram-,to hold a consultation;with rājyam-,to carry on government, rule;with saṃdhim-,to conclude peace;with kalaham-,to pick up a quarrel;with vairam-,to declare war;with lajjām-,to display bashfulness;with kolāhalam-,to raise a clamour;with cumbanaṃ-,to give a kiss) ; to make, render (with two accusative)

etc. ; to contrive or manage that (yathā-)

; to put or lay on or in, direct towards (locative case)

etc. (with hṛdaye-,to take to heart;with agrataḥ-,or adhaḥ-,to place before or below) ; to send out, despatch (spies)

; to take trouble with (dative case)

; to treat, deal with (accusative)

: Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be distributed etc. ; to be allotted or intended for (genitive case)

; to be accounted, pass for (Nominal verb)

: Causal -dhāpayati-, to cause to put, cause to be laid

; cause to put in order or arrange or fix

: Desiderative -dhitsati-, te-, to wish to distribute or bestow

; to wish to decide or determine or fix or establish

; to wish to find out or devise (a means)

; to wish to procure or acquire

; to wish to perform or accomplish anything, intend, purpose

; to wish to make or render (two accusative)

vidhāraṇa

n. stopping, detaining (a carriage)

vidhvastaparaguṇa

mfn. one who detracts from the merits of another

vidūṣaṇa

mf(ā-)n. defiling, detracting, corrupting

vidyudakṣa

m. Name of a daitya-

vidyutprabha

m. of a king of the daitya-s

vidyutprabhā

f. Name of a granddaughter of the daitya- bali-

vigāna

n. ill-report, detraction

viguṇīkṛ

P. -karoti-, to detach the string of a bow

vihita

mfn. put in order, arranged, determined, fixed, ordained, ordered

etc.

vijayadaṇḍa

m. a particular detachment of an army

vikriyā

f. change for the worse, deterioration, disfigurement, deformity

vilamb

A1. -lambate- (rarely P.), to hang on both sides to (accusative)

; to hang down, hang on, be attached to (locative case)

etc. ; to sink, set, decline

; to continue hanging, linger, delay, tarry, hesitate ("with"or"to", prati-)

etc.: Causal lambayati-, to hang on (locative case)

(read -lambya-with Bombay edition) ; to cause to linger or loiter, detain, delay

; to spend (time) unprofitably, waste, lose

; to put off, procrastinate

vimuc

P. A1. -muñcati-, te- (imperative -mumoktu-

), to unloose, unharness (A1."one's own horses") , unyoke (id est"make to halt, cause to stop or rest")

etc. ; to take off (clothes, ornaments etc.)

etc. ; to release, set free, liberate

; to leave, abandon, quit, desert, give up, relinquish

; to shun, avoid

etc. ; to lose (consciousness)

; to pardon, forgive

; to emit, discharge, shed, pour or send forth

(with grastam-,to set free a seized planet id est"free it from eclipse"

) ; to throw, hurl, cast (with ātmānam-and locative case,"to cast one's self into"

)

etc. ; to utter (a sound)

; to assume (a shape)

; to lay (eggs)

; Passive voice -mucyate-, to be unloosed or detached etc. ; to be slackened (as reins)

; to drop or be expelled (prematurely, as a fetus)

; to be freed or delivered or released (especially from the bonds of existence), get rid of, escape from (ablative adverb in -tas- genitive case,or instrumental case)

etc. ; to be deprived of (instrumental case)

: Causal -mocayati-, to loosen, detach

; to unyoke

; to set free, deliver from (ablative)

etc. ; to keep off, avoid

: Desiderative -mumukṣati-, te-, to wish to liberate (A1."one's self")

vinirdiś

P. -diśati-, to assign, destine for (locative case)

; to point out, indicate, state, declare, designate as (two accusative)

; to announce, proclaim

; to determine, resolve, fix upon

vinirṇī

( nī-;only ind.p. -ṇīya-), to decide or determine clearly

vinirṇīta

mfn. determined clearly, ascertained, certain

viniści

(only ind.p. -citya-), to debate about, deliberate, consider

etc. ; to determine, resolve, decide

viniścita

mfn. ascertained, determined, settled, certain

etc.

viniyuj

A1. -yuṅkte- (rarely P. -yunakti-; see

), to unyoke, disjoin, loose, detach, separate

; to discharge (an arrow) at (locative case)

; to assign, commit, appoint to, charge or entrust with, destine for (dative case locative case,or artham-)

etc. (with sakhye-,to chose for a friend) ; to apply, use, employ

; to eat

: Passive voice -yujyate-, to be unyoked etc. ; to fall to pieces, decay

: Causal -yojayati-, to appoint or assign to, commit to (locative case,or arthāya-,or /artham-)

etc. ; to entrust anything (accusative) to (locative case)

; to offer or present, anything (accusative) to (dative case)

; to use, employ

; to perform

viparyāsa

m. change for the worse, deterioration

vipaś

P. -paśyati- (rarely te-), to see in different places or in detail, discern, distinguish

; to observe, perceive, learn, know

virodha

m. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound') conflict with, injury of (instrumental case = at the cost or to the detriment of)

virudāvali

f(i-or lī-). (or lī-) a detailed panegyric

viṣahya

mfn. ascertainable, determinable (See a-v-).

visaṃyukta

mfn. ( yuj-) disjoined, detached or separated from, omitting, neglecting (instrumental case)

viṣaparvan

m. Name of a daitya-

visarga

m. producing, creating (especially secondary creation or creation in detail by puruṣa-;See under sarga-)

viṣṇupurāṇa

n. Name of one of the most celebrated of the 18 purāṇa-s (it conforms more than any other to the definition pañca-lakṣaṇa-[q.v.];and consists of 6 books, the 1st treating of the creation of the universe from prakṛti-, and the peopling of the world by the prajā-pati-s;the 2nd giving a list of kings with many curious geographical and astronomical details;the 3rd treating of the veda-s and caste;the 4th continuing the chronicle of dynasties;the 5th giving the life of kṛṣṇa-;the 6th describing the dissolution of the world)

viṣṇupurāṇaka

visrasta

mfn. fallen asunder or down, unfastened, untied, loosened, detached

etc.

visṛj

P. -sṛjati- (Epic also A1.), to send or pour forth, let go or run or flow, discharge, emit, shoot, cast, hurl (literally and figuratively;"at" locative case dative case,or accusative with prati-)

etc. ; to turn (the eye) upon (locative case)

; to shed (tears)

; (A1.) to evacuate the bowels

; to utter (sounds or words)

etc. ; to set free, release (A1."one's self") from (ablative)

etc. ; to send away, dismiss, repudiate, reject, throw or cast off

etc. ; to despatch (a messenger)

; to pass over, overlook

; (in older language A1.) to abandon, desert, give up, renounce

etc. ; to open

; (A1.) to stretch out, extend

; to spread about, diffuse

; to remove

; to remit, exempt from (accusative)

; to hand over, deliver, bestow, grant

etc. ; to produce, create (especially "in detail")

etc.: Causal -sarjayati-, to discharge, emit, cast, hurl, throw (literally and figuratively)

etc. ; to utter (a sound)

; to set free, release, let go, dismiss

; to banish, exile

; to send out, despatch

etc. ; to abandon, desert, relinquish, give up, renounce, avoid

etc. ; to spare, save

; to commit, entrust

; to lay aside, remove

; to divulge, publish (news)

; to give away

; to hand over, deliver, grant, bestow

etc. ; to produce, create

; to answer questions

visṛṣṭi

f. secondary creation or creation in detail

vistara

m. detail, particulars, full or detailed description, amplification (also as direction to a narrator equals vistareṇa kāryam-,"give full particulars"; vistareṇa reṇa- ind.or vistarāt rāt- ind.diffusely, at length, fully, in detail; rī-kṛ-,to spread, divulge, expand)

etc.

vistāra

m. specification, detailed enumeration or description

(eṇa-,diffusely, at length, prob. wrong reading for vistareṇa-

)

vistṛ

(or stṝ-) P. A1. -stṛṇoti-, -stṛṇute- ; -stṛṇāti-, -stṛṇīte- (Epic also -starati-; ind.p. -stīrya-,or -stṛtya-), to spread out, scatter, strew (sacrificial grass)

; to expand, extend (wings)

; to spread abroad, diffuse, divulge

; to enlarge or expatiate upon, speak diffusely about (accusative)

(vi-stīrya- ind.copiously, at large) ; (with vacanam-) to exchange words, converse with (instrumental case)

: Passive voice -stīryate- or -staryate- (future -stariṣyate-), to be spread abroad or widely diffused

; to be explained

: Causal -stārayati-, to spread, extend, diffuse, display

etc. (-stārya-,fully, copiously, at length) ; to discuss in detail

; to expose (wares for sale)

viśuddha

mfn. thoroughly settled or established or fixed or determined or ascertained

viśudh

P. A1. -śudhyati-, te-, to become perfectly pure (especially in ritual sense)

etc. ; to become clear (said of the senses)

; (in algebra) to remain naught,

: Causal viśodhayati-, to purify (especially ritually)

; to improve, correct

; to free from suspicion, exculpate

; to justify

; to set clear, fix or determine accurately

; (in algebra) to subtract

vivasvat

m. Name of a daitya-

viyojana

n. detaching or liberating from (compound)

viyu

P. -yuyoti-, -yauti-, to separate, part (intr.)

; to be separated from or deprived of (instrumental case)

; to separate (trans.), divide, detach or exclude from, deprive of (instrumental case)

; to keep off, avert

; to spread, scatter

; to open

viyuj

P. A1. -yunakti-, -yuṅkte-, to disjoin, detach, divide, separate from or deprive of (instrumental case,rarely ablative)

etc. ; to part from (instrumental case)

; (A1.) to forsake, abandon (accusative)

; to relax, abate, yield

: Passive voice -yujyate-, to be separated from or deprived of, lose (instrumental case)

etc. ; to break (a vow instrumental case)

; to be relaxed, yield, give way

: Causal -yojayati-, te-, to cause to be disjoined, separate or deliver from, deprive of (instrumental case or ablative)

etc. ; to rob

; to subtract

viyukta

mfn. disjoined, detached, separated or delivered from, deprived or destitute of. deserted by (instrumental case or compound)

etc.

vyādeśa

m. detailed or special injunction, direction, order, command

vyākāra

m. development, detailed description

vyākaraṇa

n. explanation, detailed description

vyākhyā

P. -khyāti-, to explain in detail, tell in full, discuss

; to relate, communicate

; to name, call

Desiderative -cikhyāsati-, to wish to explain

vyākhyātana

mfn. explained, fully detailed related, told

etc.

vyākṛti

f. detailed description, explanation

vyaparudh

(only 2. sg. Intensive -rorudhaḥ-), to exclude from sovereignty, dethrone

(Bombay edition)

vyāsa

m. extension, diffusion, prolixity, detailed account (instrumental case; ablative and vyāsatas -tas- ind.in detail, at length, fully)

vyāsakta

mfn. detached, disjoined (in this sense vi-is privative)

vyāsaṅga

m. detachment, separation (in this and the next senses vi-is privative)

vyāvarṇ

(only ind.p. -varṇya-), to enumerate, narrate in detail

vyavasāya

m. settled determination, resolve, purpose, intention to (locative case, accusative with prati-,or compound; yamkṛ-to make up one's mind, resolve, determine)

etc.

vyavasita

mfn. decided, determined, resolved, undertaken (also n. impersonal or used impersonally;with dative case or infinitive mood)

etc.

vyavasita

mfn. one who has resolved upon or is determined or willing to (locative case, dative case,or infinitive mood)

vyavasita

n. resolution, determination

vyavasitavaseya

n. (impersonal or used impersonally) it is to be settled or determined

vyavasitavasiti

f. ascertainment, determination, resolution

vyavaso

P. -syati- (Epic also -syate-[with act. and pass. meaning];1. sg. proper -sāmi-; Potential -seyam-, -set-; future -siṣyati-), to settle down or dwell separately

; to differ (in opinion), contest, quarrel

; to separate, divide (opp. to sam-as-)

; to determine, resolve, decide, be willing to (accusative dative case, artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',or infinitive mood)

etc. ; to settle, ascertain, be convinced or persuaded of take for (accusative)

etc. ; to ponder, reflect, consider

; to make strenuous effort, labour or seek after, make an attempt upon (accusative)

: Passive voice -sīyate-, to be settled or ascertained or fixed on or determined or decided (often impersonal or used impersonally)

etc.: Causal -sāyayati-, to cause to resolve, encourage to undertake, embolden

; to incite or instigate to (infinitive mood)

vyavasthā

A1. -tiṣṭhate-, to go apart, separate from (ablative)

; to differ respectively

; to halt, stop, stay

; to prepare or make ready for (dative case)

; to be settled, be (logically) true or tenable

; to appear as (Nominal verb)

: Causal -sthāpayati-, to put down, place

; to fix on, direct towards (locative case)

; to charge with, appoint to (artham-)

; to stop, hold up, prevent from falling

; to restore, re-establish

; to settle, arrange, establish, determine, prove to be (logically) tenable

; to give a name

; to perform

vyavasthita

mfn. settled, established, fixed, exactly determined, quite peculiar or restricted to (locative case or compound)

etc.

vyavasthitavasthiti

f. fixity, fixed rule or statute, decision, determination

etc.

vyavasthitavibhāṣā

f. (in law, gram. etc.) an option fixed or determined in each particular case applicable or omitted throughout (the operation being in one case carried out throughout and in the other omitted throughout)

vyavasthitavikalpa

m. (in law, gram. etc.) an option fixed or determined in each particular case applicable or omitted throughout (the operation being in one case carried out throughout and in the other omitted throughout)

vyavavadhāraṇa

n. accurate determination

vyavavasthātṛ

mfn. one who settles or determines

vyūha

m. detailed explanation or description

vyutpad

A1. -padyate- (Aorist vyud-apādi-), to proceed from, arise, originate, have origin or derivation (especially in gram.), be derived (from a root etc.)

; (P.) to come back (from sea see vy-utthā-)

; to resist (?)

: Causal -pādayati-, to cause to arise or come forth, produce, cause

; (in gram.) to derive, trace back to a root etc.,

; to discuss in detail

: Desiderative See vy-utpitsu-, column 2.

yathāsthūla

in the beginning of a compound (

) or am- ind. (

) in the rough, without detail.

yathātatha

n. a detailed account of events

yathāvṛtta

n. the circumstances or details of an event

etc.

yathāvyavasitam

ind. as has been determined

yuga

n. an age of the world, long mundane period of years (of which there are four, viz. 1. kṛta- or satya-, 2. tretā-, 3. dvāpara-, 4. kali-, of which the first three have already elapsed, while the kali-, which began at midnight between the 17th and 18th of Feb. 3102 B.C. [O. S.] , is that in which we live;the duration of each is said to be respectively 1,728,000, 1,296,000, 864,000, and 432,000 years of men, the descending numbers representing a similar physical and moral deterioration of men in each age;the four yuga-s comprise an aggregate of 4,320,000 years and constitute a"great yuga-"or mahā-yuga-; see

)

etc.

Apte Search

302 results


a	अ The first letter of the alphabet; अक्षंराणामकारो$स्मि Bg.10.33. -अः [अवति, अतति सातत्येन तिष्ठतीति वा; अव्-अत् वा, ड Tv.] 1 N. of Viṣṇu, the first of the three sounds constituting the sacred syllable ओम्; अकारो विष्णुरुद्दिष्ट उकारस्तु महेश्वरः । मकारस्तु स्मृतो ब्रह्मा प्रणवस्तु त्रयात्मकः ॥ For more explanations of the three syllables अ, उ, म् see ओम्. -2 N. of Śiva, Brahmā, Vāyu, or Vaiśvānara.-- [अः कृष्णः शंकरो ब्रह्मा शक्रः सोमो$निलो$नलः । सूर्यः प्राणो यमः कालो वसन्तः प्रणवः सुखी ॥ Enm. अः स्याद् ब्रह्मणि विष्ण्वीशकूर्माणङ्करणेषु च। गौरवे$न्तःपुरे हेतौ भूषणे$ङ्घ्रावुमेज्ययोः ॥ Nm. अः शिखायां सिद्धमन्त्रे प्रग्राहे$र्के रथार्वणि । चक्रे कुक्कुटमूर्ध्नीन्दुबिम्बे ब्रह्मेशविष्णुषु ॥ ibid. Thus अः means Kṛiṣṇa, Śiva, Brahmā, Indra, Soma, Vāyu, Agni, the Sun, the life-breath, Yama, Kāla, Vasanta, Praṇava, a happy man, a tortoise, a courtyard, a battle, greatness, a female apartment in a palace, an object or a cause, an ornament, a foot, Umā, sacrifice, a flame, a particularly efficacious mantra, reins, the horse of chariot, a wheel, the head of a cock, the disc of the moon]; ind. 1 A Prefix corresponding to Latin in, Eng. in or un, Gr. a or an, and joined to nouns, adjectives, indeclinables (or rarely even to verbs) as a substitute for the negative particle ऩञ्, and changed to अन् before vowels (except in the word अ-ऋणिन्). The senses of न usually enumerated are six--(a) सादृश्य 'likeness' or 'resemblance', अब्राह्मणः one like a Brāhmaṇa (wearing the sacred thread &c.), but not a Brāhmaṇa; a Kṣatriya, or a Vaiśya; अनिक्षुः a reed appearing like इक्षु, but not a true इक्षु. (b) अभाव 'absence', 'negation', 'want', 'privation'; अज्ञानम् absence of knowledge, ignorance; अक्रोधः, अनङ्गः, अकण्टकः, अघटः &c. (c) अन्यत्व 'difference' or 'distinction'; अपटः not a cloth, something different from, or other than, a cloth. (d) अल्पता 'smallness', 'diminution', used as a diminutive particle; अनुदरा having a slender waist (कृशोदरी or तनुमध्यमा). (e) अप्राशस्त्य 'badness', 'unfitness', having a depreciative sense; अकालः wrong or improper time; अकार्यम् not fit to be done, improper, unworthy, bad act. (f) विरोध 'opposition', 'contrariety'; अनीतिः the opposite of morality; immorality; असित not white, black; असुर not a god, a demon &c. These senses are put together in the following verse :-- तत्सादृश्यमभावश्च तदन्यत्वं तदल्पता । अप्राशस्त्यं विरोधश्च ऩञर्थाः षट् प्रकीर्तिताः ॥ See न also. With verbal derivatives, such as gerunds, infinitives, participles, it has usually the sense of 'not'; अदग्ध्वा not having burnt; अपश्यन् not seeing; so असकृत् not once; अमृषा, अकस्मात् &c. Sometimes in बहुव्रीहि अ does not affect the sense of the second member : अ-पश्चिम that which has no last, i. e. best, topmost; e. g. विपश्चितामपश्चिमः cf. also R.19.1. अनुत्तम having no superior, unsurpassed, most excellent: (for examples see these words). -2 An interjection of (a) Pity (ah !) अ अवद्यं P.I.1.14 Sk. (b) Reproach, censure (fie, shame); अपचसि त्वं जाल्म P.VI.3.73 Vārt. See अकरणि, अजीवनि also. (c) Used in addressing; अ अनन्त. (d) It is also used as a particle of prohibition. -3 The augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the Imperfect, Aorist and Conditional Tenses. N. B.-- The application of this privative prefix is practically unlimited; to give every possible case would almost amount to a dictionary itself. No attempt will, therefore, be made to give every possible combination of this prefix with a following word; only such words as require a special explanation, or such as most frequently occur in literature and enter into compounds with other words, will be given; others will be found self-explaining when the English 'in', 'un', or 'not', is substituted for अ or अन् before the meaning of the second word, or the sense may be expressed by 'less', 'free from', 'devoid or destitute of' &c; अकथ्य unspeakable; अदर्प without pride, or freedom from pride; अप्रगल्भ not bold; अभग unfortunate; अवित्त destitute of wealth &c. In many cases such compounds will be found explained under the second member. Most compounds beginning with अ or अन् are either Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (to be determined by the sense) and should be so dissolved.

akaca	अकच a. [न. ब.] Bald. -चः N. of Ketu (the descending node), who is represented as a headless trunk. Tv. explains it thus : अकाय दुःखाय चायते; चाय्-ड; केतुग्रहस्य उदयेन लोकोपप्लवस्य शास्त्रप्रसिद्धिः. अकडमम्, अकथहम्, ˚चक्रम् N. of a mystical circle (चक्र) or diagram with the letters of the alphabet, such as अ, क, ड, म; अ, क, थ, ह &c. written therein and used in determining the auspicious or inauspicious stars of a person; (ग्राह्यगोपालमन्त्रस्य तन्त्रोक्तमन्त्रग्रहणार्थं तत्तन्मन्त्राणां शुभाशुभ- विचारोपयोगी चक्रभेदः Tv.) (Mar. अवकहडाचक्र given in प़ञ्चाङ्ग).

agra	अग्र a. [अङ्ग्-रन् नलोपः Uṇ.2.28] 1 First, foremost, chief, best, prominent, principal, pre-eminent; ˚महिषी chief queen; ˚वातमासेवमाना M.1. front (and hence, fresh) breeze; ˚आसनम् chief seat, seat of honour; माम- ग्रासनतो$वकृष्टमवशं ये दृष्टवन्तः पुरा Mu.1.12. -2 Excessive, over and above, surplus; supernumerary, projecting (अधिक). -ग्रः Setting mountain; अग्रसानुषु नितान्तपिशङ्गैः Ki.9.7. -ग्रम् 1 (a) The foremost or topmost point, tip, point (opp. मूलम्, मध्यम्); (fig.) sharpness, keenness; धर्मस्य ब्राह्मणो मूलम् मग्रं राजन्य उच्यते Ms.11.83; दर्व्याम् अग्रं मूलम् मध्यम् &c.; नासिका˚ tip of the nose; सूचि˚ &c.; समस्ता एव विद्या जिह्वाग्रे$भवन् K.346 stood on the tip of the tongue; अमुष्य विद्या रसनाग्रनर्तकी N.1.5. (b) Top, summit, surface; कैलास˚, पर्वत˚, &c. -2 Front, van; अग्रे कृ put in the front or at the head; तामग्रे कृत्वा Pt.4. See अग्रे. -3 The best of any kind; स्यन्दनाग्रेण with the best of chariots; प्रासादाग्रैः Rām. -4 Superiority, excellence (उत्कर्ष); अग्रादग्रं रोहति Tāṇḍya. -5 Goal, aim, resting place (आलम्बनम्); मनुमेकाग्रमासीनम् Ms.1.1, See ˚भूमि also. -6 Beginning, See अग्रे. -7 A multitude, assemblage. -8 Overplus, excess, surplus; साग्रं स्त्रीसहस्रम् Rām. 1 women and more; so साग्रकोटी च रक्षसाम्. -9 A weight = पल q. v. -1 A measure of food given as alms (ब्राह्मणभोजनम् occurring in अग्रहार); प्रयतो ब्राह्मणाग्रे यः श्रद्धया परया युतः । Mb.13.65.13. -11 (Astr.) Amplitude of the sun (˚ग्रा, अग्रका also). cf. ...अग्रमालम्बने$धिके । पुरोपरिप्रान्ताद्येषु न पुंसि प्रमिताशने । Nm. -12 Forepart of time; नैवेह किंचनाग्र आसीत् Bṛi. Up.1.2.1. In compounds as first member meaning 'the forepart', 'front', 'tip' &c.; e. g. ˚अक्चयः First procurement (cf. Daṇḍa-viveka G. O. S.52, p.43). ˚पादः -चरणः the forepart of the foot, toe; so ˚हस्तः, ˚करः, ˚पाणिः &c.; ˚सरोरूहम् the topmost lotus. पद्मानि यस्याग्रसरोरुहाणि Ku.1.16. ˚कर्णम् Tip-ear; top of the ear; Mātaṅga L.5.7. ˚कायः forepart of the body; so ˚नखम्, ˚नासिका tip of the nail, nose &c., -adv. In front, before, ahead. -Comp. -अंशुः [अग्रम् अंशोः] the focal point. -अक्षि n. [कर्म.] sharp or pointed vision, side-look (अपाङ्गवीक्षण); अग्राक्ष्णा वीक्षमाणस्तु तिर्यग् भ्रातरमब्रवीत् Rām. -अद्वन् a. having precedence in eating. -अनी (णी) कः (कम्) vanguard; दीर्घाल्लँघूंश्चैव नरानग्रानीकेषु योधयेत् Ms.7.193; [अग्राणीकं रघुव्याघ्रौ राक्षसानां बभञ्जतुः Rām. -अयणीयम [अग्रं श्रेष्टं अयनं ज्ञानं तत्र साधु छ]. 1 N. of a Buddhistic tenet (उत्पादपूर्वमग्रायणीयमथ वीर्यता प्रवादः स्यात् -हेमचन्द्रः). -2 title of the second of the fourteen oldest Jain books (Pūrvas). -अवलेहितम् [अग्रम् अव- लेहितम् आस्वादितं यस्य] food at a Śrāddha ceremony, the chief part of which has been tested. -आसनम् First seat of honour; मामग्रासनतो$वकृष्टमवशम् Mu.1.12. -उत्सर्गः taking a thing by leaving its first portion in conformity with the rule of laying by nothing for the next day (i. e. the rule of non hoarding); cf. Daṇḍaviveka G. O. S.52, pp.43-44. -उपहरणम् first supply. -उपहरणीय a. [अग्रे उपह्रियते कर्मणि अनीयर्] 1 that which is first offered or supplied. -2 [अग्रम् उपह्रियते यस्मै हृ- संप्रदाने अनीयर्] श्राद्धाद्यर्थमुपकल्पितस्य अन्नादेरग्रे दानोद्देश्यः वास्तु- देवादिः Tv. -करः 1 = अग्रहस्तः q. v. -2 the focal point. -केशः front line of hair; ˚शेषु रेणुः अपहरति K.86. -गः [अग्रे गच्छतीति, गम्-ड] a leader, a guide; taking the lead; marching foremost. -गण्य a. [अग्रे गण्यते$सौ] foremost, to be ranked first; शमनभवनयाने यद्भवानग्रगण्यः Mahān. -गामिन् a. [अग्रे गच्छति] a leader; प्रष्ठो$ग्रगामिनि P.VIII.3.92. -ज a. [अग्रे जायते; जन्-ड.] first born or produced; आनन्देनाग्रजेनेव R.1.78. (-जः) 1 the first born, an elder brother; सुमतिं ममाग्रजमवगच्छ M.5; अस्त्येव मन्युर्भरताग्रजे मे R.14.73. -2 a Brāhmaṇa. (-जा) an elder sister; so ˚जात, ˚जातक, ˚जाति. -जङ्घा the forepart of the calf. -जन्मन् m. [अग्रे जन्म यस्य सः] 1 the first-born, an elder brother; जनकाग्रजन्मनोः शासनमतिक्रम्य Dk.2. -2 a Brāhmaṇa (वर्णेषु मध्ये अग्रजातत्वात्, or अग्रात् प्रधानाङ्गात् मुखात् जातत्वात्, ब्राह्मणो$स्य मुखमासीत्, तस्मात् त्रिवृत् स्तोमानां मुखम... अग्निर्देवतानां ब्राह्मणो मनुष्याणाम्; तस्माद् ब्राह्मणो मुखेन वीर्यं करोति मुखतो हि सृष्टः Tāṇḍya); अतिवयसमग्रजन्मानम् K.12; अवो- चत् ˚न्मा Dk.13.3; N. of Brahmā, as he was the first to be born in the waters. cf. अग्रजन्मा द्विजे ज्येष्ठभ्रातरि ब्रह्मणि स्मृतम् Nm. -जिह्वा the tip of the tongue. -ज्या (astr.) the sign of the amplitude. -दानिन् [अग्रे दानम् अस्य; अग्र- दान-इनि] a (degraded) Brāhmaṇa who takes presents offered in honour of the dead (प्रेतोद्देशेन यद्दानं दीयते तत्प्रति- ग्राही); लोभी विप्रश्च शूद्राणामग्रेदानं गृहीतवान् । ग्रहणे मृतदानानां (ग्रहणात्तिलदानानां Tv.) अग्रदानी बभूव सः ॥ -दानीयः [अग्रे दानमर्हति छ] = अग्रदानिन्. -दूतः a harbinger; कृष्णाक्रोधा- ग्रदूतः Ve.1.22; ˚दूतिका Dk.2; महीपतीनां प्रणयाग्रदूत्यः R.6.12; -देवी the chief queen; समग्रदेवीनिवहाग्र- देवी... । Bu.ch.1.15. -धान्यम a cereal grain. (Mar. जोंधळा), Holcus soraghum or Holcus spicatus. (Mar. बाजरी). -निरूपणम् predestination; prophecy, determining beforehand. -नीः (णीः) [अग्रे नीयते असौ नी-क्विप्, णत्वम्] 1 a leader, foremost, first, chief; ˚णी- र्विरागहेतुः K.195; अप्यग्रणीर्मन्त्रकृतामृषीणाम् R.5.4. chief. -2 fire. -पर्णी [अग्रे पर्णं यस्याः सा-ङीप्] cowage, Carpopogon Pruriens (अजलोमन्). [Mar. कुयली]. -पातिन् a. [अग्रे आदौ पतति; पत्-णिनि] happening beforehand, antecedent; [˚तीनि शुभानि निमित्तानि K.65. -पादः the forepart of the foot; toes; नवकिसलयरागेणाग्रपादेन M.3.12; ˚स्थिता standing on tiptoe. Ś.5. -पाणिः = ˚हस्तः q. v. -पूजा the highest or first mark of reverence or respect; ˚जामिह स्थित्वा गृहाणेदं विषं प्रभो Rām. -पेयम् precedence in drinking. -प्रदायिन् a. giving in advance; तेषामग्र- प्रदायी स्याः कल्पोत्थायी प्रियंवदः Mb.5.135.35. -बीज a. [अग्रं शाखाग्रं बीजमुत्पादकं यस्य] growing by means of the tip or end of branches, growing on the stock or stem of another tree, such as 'कलम' in Mar. (-जः) a viviparous plant. -भागः [कर्म.] 1 the first or best part (श्राद्धादौ प्रथममुद्धृत्य देयं द्रव्यम्) -2 remnant, remainder (शेषभाग). -3 fore-part, tip, point. -4 (astr.) a degree of amplitude. -भागिन् a. [अग्र- भागो$स्यास्ति; अस्त्यर्थे इनि] first to take or claim (the remnant); अलङ्क्रियमाणस्य तस्य अनुलेपनमाल्ये ˚गी भवामि V. 5, claiming the first share of the remnant etc. -भावः precedence. उदारसंख्यैः सचिवैरसंख्यैः कृताग्रभावः स उदाग्रभावः Bu.ch.I.15. -भुज् a. 1 having precedence in eating. स तानग्रभुजस्तात धान्येन च धनेन च Mb.1.178.12. -2 gluttonous, voracious (औदरिक). -भूः [अग्रे भवति भू-क्विप्] = ˚ज. -भूमिः f. 1 goal of ambition or object aimed at; ततो$ग्रभूमिं व्यवसायासिद्धेः Ki.17.55; त्वमग्र- भूमिर्निरपायसंश्रया Śi.1.32 (प्राप्यस्थानम्). -2 the topmost part, pinnacle; विमान˚ Me.71. -महिषी the principal queen. -मांसम् [अग्रं भक्ष्यत्वेन प्रधानं मांसम्] flesh in the heart, the heart itself; ˚सं चानीतं Ve.3.2. morbid protuberance of the liver. -यणम् [अग्रम् अयनात् उत्तरायणात् णत्वं शकं˚ तद्विधानकालो$स्य अच् (?) Tv.] a kind of sacrificial ceremony. See आग्रयण. -यान a. [अग्रे यानं यस्य, या-ल्युट्] taking the lead, foremost. (-नम्) an army that stops in front to defy the enemy. मनो$ग्रयानं वचसा निरुक्तं नमामहे Bhāg.8.5.26. -यायिन् a. [अग्रे यास्यति या-णिनि] taking the lead, leading the van; पुत्रस्य ते रणशिरस्ययमग्रयायी Ś.7.26. मान- धनाग्रयायी R.5.3,5.62.18.1. -योधिन् [अग्रे स्थित्वा युध्यते] the principal hero, champion राक्षसानां वधे तेषां ˚धी भविष्यति Rām.; so ˚वीर; कर्मसु चाग्रवीरः. -रन्ध्रम् opening fore-part; त्रासान्नासाग्ररन्ध्रं विशति Māl.1.1. -लोहिता [अग्रं लोहितं यस्याः सा] a kind of pot-herb (चिल्लीशाक). -संख्या the first place or rank; पुत्रः समारोपयदग्रसंख्याम् R.18.3. -वक्त्रम् N. of a surgical instrument, Suśr. -वातः fresh breeze; अग्रवातमासेवमाना M.1. -शोमा towering beauty or the beauty of the peaks; कैलासशैलस्य यदग्रशोभाम् । Bu. ch.1.3. -संधानी [अग्रे फलोत्पत्तेः प्राक् संधी- यते ज्ञायते $नया कार्यम् Tv.] the register of human actions kept by Yama (यत्र हि प्राणिवर्गस्य प्राग्भवीयकर्मानुसारेण शुभा- शुभसूचकं सर्वं लिख्यते सा यमपञ्जिका). -सन्ध्या early dawn; कर्कन्धूनामुपरि तुहिनं रञ़्जयत्यग्रसन्ध्या Ś.4. v.1. -सर = यायिन् taking the lead; आयोधनाग्रसरतां त्वयि वीर याते R.5.71. -सारा [अग्रं शीर्षमात्रं सारो यस्याः सा] 1 a sprout which has tips without fruits. -2 a short method of counting immense numbers. -हर a. [अग्रे ह्रियते दीयते$सौ; हृ-अच्] 1 that which must be given first. -2 = अग्रहारिन्. -हस्त (˚कर; ˚पाणिः,) the forepart of the hand or arm; अग्रहस्तेन गृहीत्वा प्रसादयैनाम् Ratn.3; forepart of the trunk (of an elephant); often used for a finger or fingers taken collectively; शीतलस्ते ˚स्तः Mk.3; अतिसाध्वसेन वेपते मे ˚स्तः Ratn.1; कुसुमित इव ते ˚स्तः प्रतिभाति M.1.; प्रसारिते ˚स्ते M.4; ˚हस्तात्प्रभ्रष्टं पुष्पभाजनम् Ś.4. slipped from the fingers; also the right hand; अथ ˚हस्ते मुकुलीकृताङ्गुलौ Ku.5.63. (अग्रश्चासौ हस्तश्च Malli.). Ki.5.29. -हायनः (णः) [अग्रः श्रेष्ठः हायनो व्रीहिः अत्र, णत्वम्] the beginning of the year; N. of the month मार्गशीर्ष; (मासानां मार्गशीर्षो$हम् Bg. 1.35.); ˚इष्टिः नवशस्येष्टिर्यागभेदः. -हारः 1 a grant of land given by kings (to Brāhmaṇas) for sustenance (अग्रं ब्राह्मणभोजनं, तदर्थं ह्रियन्ते राजधनात् पृथक् क्रियन्ते ते क्षेत्रादयः- नीलकण्ठ; क्षेत्रोत्पन्नशस्यादुद्धृत्य ब्राह्मणोद्देशेन स्थाप्यं धान्यादि, गुरुकुला- दावृत्तब्रह्मचारिणे देयं क्षेत्रादि, ग्रामभेदश्च Tv.); अग्रहारांश्च दास्यामि ग्रामं नगरसंमितम् Mb.3.64.4. कस्मिंश्चिदग्रहारे Dk.8.9. -2 the first offering in वैश्वदेव Mb.3.234.47.

aṅgam	अङ्गम् [अम् गत्यादौ बा˚ -गन्; according to Nir. अङ्ग, अङ्ग- नात् अञ्चनात् वा] 1 The body. -2 A limb or member of the body; शेषाङ्गनिर्माणविधौ विधातुः Ku.1.33; क्लेशस्याङ्गमदत्वा Pt.5. 32 without undergoing troubles; इति स्वप्नोपमान्मत्वा कामान्मा गास्तदङ्गताम् । Ki.11.34 do not be influenced or swayed by them (do not be subject to them) -3 (a.) A division or department (of anything), a part or portion, as of a whole; as सप्ताङ्गम् राज्यम्, चतुरङ्गम् बलम्, चतुःषष्ट्ष्ट्यङ्गम् ज्योतिः- शास्त्रम् see the words; गीताङ्गानाम् Pt.5.56; यज्ञश्चेत्प्रतिरुद्धःस्या- देकेनाङ्गेन यज्वनः Ms.11.11. (Hence) (b.) A supplementary or auxiliary portion, supplement; षडङ्ग or साङ्ग वेदः A peculiar use of the word अङ्ग in masculine gender may here be noted वेदांश्चैव तु वेदाङ्गान् वेदान्तानि तथा स्मृतीः । अधीत्य ब्राह्मणः पूर्वं शक्तितो$न्यांश्च संपठेत् Bṛhadyogiyājñaval-kya Smṛiti 12.34. (c.) A constituent part, essential requisite or component; सर्वैर्बलाङ्गैः R.7.59; तदङ्गमग्ऱ्यं मघवन् महाक्रतो R.3.46. (d.) An attributive or secondary part; secondary, auxiliary or dependent member (serving to help the principal one) (opp. प्रधान or अङ्गिन्); अङ्गी रौद्र- रसस्तत्र सर्वे$ङ्गानि रसाः पुनः S. D.517; अत्र स्वभावोक्तिरुत्प्रेक्षाङ्गम् Malli. on Ki 8.26. (e.) An auxiliary means or expedient (प्रधानोपयोगी उपायः or उपकरणम्); सर्वकार्यशरीरेषु मुक्त्वा- ङ्गस्कन्धपञ्चकम् । मन्त्रो योध इवाधीर सर्वाङ्गैः संवृतैरपि ॥ Śi.2.28-29; See अङ्गाङ्गि, पञ्चाङ्ग also (the angas of the several sciences or departments of knowledge will be given under those words). -4 (Gram.) A name for the base of a word; यस्मात्प्रत्ययविधिस्तदादिप्रत्यये अङ्गम् P.I.4.13; यः प्रत्ययो यस्मात्क्रियते तदादिशब्दस्वरूपं तस्मिन्प्रत्यये परे अङ्गसंज्ञं स्यात् Sk. The अङ्ग terminations are those of the nominative, and accusative singular and dual. -5 (Drama) (a.) One of the sub-divisions of the five joints or sandhis in dramas; the मुख has 12, प्रतिमुख 13, गर्भ 12, विमर्ष 13 and उपसंहार 14, the total number of the angas being thus 64; for details see the words. (b.) The whole body of subordinate characters. -6 (astr.) A name for the position of stars (लग्न), See अङ्गाधीश. -7 A symbolical expression for the number six (derived from the six Vedāngas). -8 The mind; हिरण्यगर्भाङ्गभुवं मुनिं हरिः Śi.1.1, See अङ्गज also. -9 N. of the chief sacred texts of the jainas. -ङ्गः (pl.) N. of a country and the people inhabiting it, the country about the modern Bhāgalpur in Bengal. [It lay on the south of Kauśikī Kachchha and on the right bank of the Ganges. Its capital was Champā, sometimes called Aṅgapurī Lomapādapurī, Karṇapurī or Mālinī. According to Daṇḍin (अङ्गेषु गङ्गातटे बहिश्चम्पायाः) and Hiouen Thsang it stood on the Ganges about 24 miles west of a rocky island. General Cunningham has shown that this description applies to the hill opposite Pātharghāṭā, that it is 24 miles east of Bhāgalpur, and that there are villages called Champanagar and Champapura adjoininng the last. According to Sanskrit poets the country of the Aṅgas lay to the east of Girivraja, the capital of Magadha and to the north-east or south-east of Mithilā. The country was in ancient times ruled by Karṇa] cf. अङ्गं गात्रा- न्तिकोपाय प्रतीकेष्वप्रधानके । देशभेदे तु पुंसि स्यात्...॥ Nm. -a. 1 Contiguous. -2 Having members or divisions. -Comp. -अङ्गि, [अङ्गीभावः -अङगस्य अङ्गिनो भावः] the relation of a limb to the body, of the subordinate to the principal, or of that which is helped or fed to the helper or feeder (गौणमुख्यभावः, उपकार्येपकारकभावश्च); e. g. प्रयाज and other rites are to दर्श as its angas, while दर्श is to them the aṅgi; अङ्गाङ्गिभावमज्ञात्वा कथं सामर्थ्यनिर्णयः । पश्य टिट्टिभमात्रेण समुद्रो व्याकुलीकृतः ॥ H.2.138; अत्र वाक्ये समास- गतयोरुपमयोः साध्यसाधनभावात् ˚वेन सम्बन्धः Malli. on Ki.6.2; अविश्रान्तिजुषामात्मन्यङ्गाङ्गित्वं तु संकरः K.P.1. (अनुग्राह्यानुग्राह- कत्वम्). -अधिपः, -अधीशः 1 lord of the Aṅgas, N. of Karṇa (cf. ˚राजः, ˚पतिः, ˚ईश्वरः, ˚अधीश्वरः). -2 'lord of a लग्न', the planet presiding over it; (अङ्गाधिपे बलिनि सर्वविभूतिसम्पत्; अङ्गाधीशः स्वगेहे बुधगुरुकविभिः संयुतो वीक्षितो वा Jyotiṣa). -अपूर्वम् effect of a secondary sacrificial act. -कर्मन् n. -क्रिया 1 besmearing the body with fragrant cosmetics, rubbing it &c. Dk.39. -2 a supplementary sacrificial act. -क्रमः the order of the performance with reference to the अङ्गs. The rule in this connection is that the अङ्गक्रम must conform to the मुख्यक्रम. cf. MS. 5.1.14. -ग्रहः spasm; seizure of the body with some illness. -ज-जात a. [अङ्गात् जायते जन्-ड] 1 produced from or on the body, being in or on the body, bodily; ˚जं रजः, ˚जाः अलङ्काराः &c. -2 produced by a supplementary rite. -3 beautiful, ornamental. (-जः) -जनुस् also 1 a son. -2 hair of the body (n. also); तवोत्तरीयं करिचर्म साङ्गजम् Ki.18.32. -3 love, cupid (अङ्गं मनः तस्मा- ज्जातः); intoxicating passion; अङ्गजरागदीपनात् Dk.161. -4 drunkenness, intoxication. -5 a disease. (-जा) a daughter. (-जम्) blood, अङ्गजं रुधिरे$नङ्गे केशे पुत्रे मदे पुमान् । नागरे नखरे$पि स्यात्... । Nm. -ज्वरः [अङ्गमङ्गम् अधिकृत्य ज्वरः] the disease called राजयक्ष्मा, a sort of consumption. -दूष- णम् 1 the defects of the limbs; the penalties of a defective construction; Māna. -2 name of the 79th chapter. -द्वीपः one of the six minor Dvīpas. -न्यासः [अङ्गेषु मन्त्र- भेदस्य न्यासः] touching the limbs of the body with the hand accompanied by appropriate Mantras. -पालिः f. [अङ्गं पाल्यते सम्बध्यते$त्र, अङ्ग-पाल्-इ] an embrace (probably a corruption of अङ्कपालि). -पालिका = अङ्कपालि q. v. -प्रत्यङ्गम् [समा. द्वन्द्व] every limb, large and small; ˚गानि पाणिना स्पृष्ट्वा K.167,72. -प्रायश्चित्तम् [अङ्गस्य शुद्ध्यर्थं प्राय- श्चित्तम्] expiation of bodily impurity, such as that caused by the death of a relative, consisting in making presents (पञ्चसूनाजन्यदुरितक्षयार्थं कार्यं दानरूपं प्रायश्चित्तम् Tv.). -भूः a. [अङ्गात् मनसो वा भवति; भू-क्विप्] born from the body or mind. (-भूः) 1 a son. -2 Cupid. -3 [अङ्गानाम् अङ्गमन्त्राणां भूः स्थानम्] one who has touched and purified, and then restrained, his limbs by repeating the Mantras pertaining to those limbs; ब्रह्माङ्गभूर्ब्रह्मणि योजितात्मा Ku.3.15 (सद्योजातादिमन्त्राणाम् अङ्गानां हृदयादिमन्त्राणां भूः स्थानं, कृतमन्त्रन्यासः Malli.). -भङ्गः 1 palsy or paralysis of limbs; ˚विकल इव भूत्वा स्थास्यामि Ś.2. -2 twisting or stretching out of the limbs (as is done by a man just after he rises from sleep); साङ्गभङ्गमुत्थाय Vb.; जृम्भितैः साङ्गभङ्गैः Mu.3.21, K.85. -3 The middle part of the anus and testicles. -मन्त्रः N. of a Mantra. -मर्दः [अङ्ग मर्दयति; मृद्-णिच्] 1 one who shampoos his master's body. -2 [भावे घञ्] act of shampooing; so ˚मर्दका or ˚मर्दिन्, मृद्- णिच् ण्वुल् or णिनि) one who shampoos. -मर्षः [ष. त.] rheumatism; ˚प्रशमनम् the curing of this disease. ˚मेजयत्वम् subtle throbbing of the body; Pātañjala 1.31. -यज्ञः, -यागः [अङ्गीभूतः यज्ञः] a subordinate sacrificial act which is of 5 sorts; समिधो यजति, तनूनपातं यजति, इडो यजति, बर्हिर्यजति, स्वाहाकारं यजति इति पञ्चविधाः । एतेषां सकृदनुष्ठा- नेनैव तन्त्रन्यायेन प्रधानयागानामाग्नेयादीनामुपकारितेति मीमांसा Tv. -रक्तः, -क्तम् [अङ्गे अवयवे रक्तः] N. of a plant गुडारोचनी found in काम्पिल्य country and having red powder (रक्ताङ्गलोचनी). -रक्षकः [अङ्गं रक्षति; रक्ष्-ण्वुल्] a bodyguard, personal attendant Pt.3. -रक्षणी [अङ्ग रक्ष्यते अनया] a coat of mail, or a garment. (-णम्) protection of person. -रागः [अङ्गं रज्यते अनेन करणे घञ्] 1 a scented cosmetic, application of perfumed unguents to the body, fragrant unguent; पुष्पगन्धेन अङ्गरागेण R.12.27, 6.6, स्तनाङ्गरागात् Ku.5.11. -2 [भावे ल्युट्] act of anointing the body with unguents. -रुहम् [अङ्गे रोहति; रुह्-क स. त. P.III.9.135.] hair; मम वर्णो मणिनिभो मृदून्य- ङ्गरुहाणि च Rām.6.48.12. विहङ्गराजाङ्गरुहैरिवायतैः Śi.1.7. -लिपिः f. written character of the Aṅgas. -लेपः [अङ्गं लिप्यते अनेन; लिप्-करणे घञ्] 1 a scented cosmetic. -2 [भावे घञ्] act of anointing. -लोड्यः (लोड ण्यत्) a kind of grass, ginger or its root, Amomum Zingiber. -वस्त्रोत्था f. A louse. -विकल a. [तृ. त.] 1 maimed, paralysed. -2 fainting, swooning. -विकृतिः f. 1 change _x001F_2of bodily appearance; collapse. -2 [अङ्गस्य विकृतिश्चालनादिर्यस्मात् प. ब.] an apoplectic fit, swooning, apoplexy (अपस्मार). -विकारः a bodily defect. -विक्षेपः 1 movement of the limbs; gesticulation. -2 a kind of dance. -विद्या [अङ्गरूपा व्याकरणादिशास्त्ररूपा विद्या ज्ञानसाधनम्] 1 the science of grammar &c. contributing to knowledge. -2 the science of foretelling good or evil by the movements of limbs. Kau. A.1.12; N. of chapter 51 of Bṛhat Saṁhitā which gives full details of this science; न नक्षत्राङ्गविद्यया...भिक्षां लिप्सेत कर्हिचित् Ms.6.5. -विधिः [अङ्गस्य प्रधानोपकारिणः विधिः विधानम् [a subordinate or subsidiary act subservient to a knowledge of the principal one (प्रधान- विधिविधेयकर्मणो$ङ्गबोधकतया अङ्गविधिः). -वीरः chief or principal hero. -वैकृतम् [अङ्गेन अङ्गचेष्टया वैकृतं हृदयभावो ज्ञाप्यते यत्र बहु.] 1 a sign, gesture or expression of the face leading to a knowledge of internal thoughts (आकार) -2 a nod, wink. -3 changed bodily appearance. -वैगुण्यम् a defect or flaw in the performance of some subordinate or subsidiary act which may be expiated by thinking of Viṣṇu); श्राद्धादिपद्धतौ कर्मान्ते यत्किञ्चिदङ्गवैगुण्यं जातं तद्दोषप्रशमनाय विष्णुस्मरणमहं करिष्ये इत्यभिलापवाक्यम् Tv.). -संस्कारः, -संस्क्रिया [अङ्गं संस्क्रियते अनेन; कृ-करणे or भावे- घञ्) 1 embellishment of person, personal decoration, doing whatever secures a fine personal appearance, such as bathing, rubbing the body, perfuming it with cosmetic &c. -2 [कर्त्रर्थे अण्] one who decorates or embellishes the person. -संहतिः f. compactness, symmetry; body; स्थेयसीं दधतमङ्गसंहतिम् Ki.13.5; or strength of the body. -संहिता The phonetic relation between consonants and vowels in the body of a word Ts. Prāt. -सङ्गः bodily contact, union; coition. -सुप्तिः f. Benumbing of the body. -सेवकः a personal attendant, body-guard. -स्कन्धः [कर्मधा.] a subdivision of a science. -स्पर्शः fitness or qualification for bodily contact or being touched by others. -हानिः f. 1. a defect or flaw in the performance of a secondary or subsidiary act (= ˚वैगुण्यम्); दैवाद् भ्रमात् प्रमादाच्चेदङ्गहानिः प्रजायते । स्मरणादेव तद्विष्णोः संपूर्णं स्यादिति श्रुतिः ॥ -हारः [अङ्गं ह्रियते इतस्ततः चाल्यते यत्र, हृ-आधारे or भावे घञ्] gesticulation, movements of the limbs, a dance; अङ्गहारैस्तथैवान्या कोमलै- र्नृत्यशालिनी Rām.5.1.36. संसक्तैरगुरुवनेषु साङ्गहारम् Ki.7.37. Ku.7.91. -हारिः [अङ्गं ह्रियते$त्र; हृ-बा˚णि] 1 gesticulation. -2 stage; dancing hall. -हीन a. [तृ. त.] 1 mutilated, deprived of some defective limb (अङ्गं हीनं यथो- चितप्रमाणात् अल्पं यस्य) according to Suśruta a man is so born, if the mother's दोहद has not been duly fulfilled (सा प्राप्तदौर्हृदा पुत्रं जनयेत गुणान्वितम् । अलब्धदौर्हृदा गर्भे लभेता- त्मनि वा भयम् ॥ येषु येष्विन्द्रियार्थेषु दौर्हृदे वै विमानना । जायते तत्सुतस्यार्तिस्तस्मिंस्तस्मिंस्तथेन्द्रिये ॥).

aṅgadam	अङ्गदम् [अङ्गं दायति शोधयति भूषयति, अङ्गं द्यति वा, दै or दो-क.] An ornament, bracelet &c. worn on the upper arm, an armlet; तप्तचामीकराङ्गदः V.1.15. संघट्टयन्नङ्ग- दमङ्गदेन R.6.73. -दा 1 The female elephant of the south (?). -2 A woman who offers her person for use (अङ्गं ददाति अर्पयति). -दः 1 N. of a son of Vāli, monkey-king of Kiṣkindhā. cf. अङ्गदो वालिनन्दने, नपुंसि बाहुवलये... । Nm. [He was born of Tārā, Vālī's wife, and is supposed to have been an incarnation of Bṛhaspati to aid the cause of Rāma (and hence noted for his eloquence). When, after the abduction of Sītā by Rāvaṇa, Rāma sent monkeys in all quarters to search for her, Aṅgada was made chief of a monkey-troop proceeding to the south. For one month he got no information, and, when consequently he determined to cast off his life, he was told by Sampāti that Sītā could be found in Laṅkā. He sent Māruti to the island and, on the latter's return with definite information, they joined Rāma at Kiṣkindhā. Afterwards when the whole host of Rāma went to Laṇkā Aṅgada was despatched to Rāvaṇa as a messenger of peace to give him a chance of saving himself in time. But Rāvaṇa scornfully rejected his advice and met his doom. After Sugrīva Aṇgada became king of Kiṣkindhā. In common parlance a man is said to act the part of Aṅgada when he endeavours to mediate between two contending parties, but without any success.] -2 N. of a son of Lakṣmaṇa by Urmilā (अङ्गदं चन्द्रकेतुं च लक्ष्मणो$प्यात्मसंभवौ । शासनाद्रघुनाथस्य चक्रे कारा- पथेश्वरौ ॥ R.15.9), his capital being called Aṇgadīyā -3 N. of a warrior on the side of Duryodhana. -Comp. -निर्यूहः the crestlike forepart of the Aṅgada ornament.

añjanaḥ	अञ्जनः 1 A kind of lizard. -2 N. of a tree or mountain. -3 N. of the guardian elephant (of the west or s. w.) तस्य चान्ये$पि दिङ्नागा बभूबुरनुयायिनः । अञ्जनो बामनश्चैव महापद्मश्च सुप्रभः ॥ Mb.6.64.57. -नम् [अज्यते अनेन; अञ्ज् ल्युट्] 1 Anointing, smearing with, दन्तधावनमञ्जनं पूर्वाह्ण एव कुर्वीत Ms.4.152; mixing; unfolding, manifesting. -2 Collyrium or black pigment used to paint the eyelashes; विलोचनं दक्षिणमञ्जनेन संभाव्य R.7.8 salve; अमृत˚ को$यं दृशोरमृताञ्जनम् U.4.18 ambrosial salve; कुर्वन् ˚मेचका इव दिशो मेघः समुत्तिष्ठते Mk.5.8,1.34; (fig. also) अज्ञानान्धस्य लोकस्य ज्ञानाञ्जनशलाकया । चक्षुरुन्मीलितं येन तस्मै पाणिनये नमः ॥ Śik.45; पटुतरविवेकाञ्जनजुषाम् Bh.3.84; cf. also दारिद्य्रं परमाञ्जनम्; (fig.) impurity, as in निरञ्जन, q. v. -3 Paint, a cosmetic ointment. -4 Magic ointment. -5 A special kind of material of the black pigment, such as antimony (used as collyrium, lamp-black &c. सौवीर -6 Ink. -7 Fire. -8 Night. -9 (नम्, ना) (Rhet.) A suggested meaning; also the process by which such meaning is suggested. It is the power of suggestion (founded on अभिधा or लक्षणा denotation or indication), by which something else is understood from a word which, though having more meanings than one, has been restricted to a single meaning by relations of conjunction, disjunction &c. (संयोग, विप्रयोग, साहचर्य, विरो- धिता &c.), or, briefly, the use of a word of several meanings in a special sense determined by the context; e. g. _x001F_/सशङ्खचक्रो हरिः the adjective restricts Hari to mean 'Viṣṇu' alone, and not a 'lion' or 'monkey'; so रामलक्ष्मणौ दाशरथी, रामार्जुनौ भार्गवकार्तवीर्यौ &c.; cf. अनेकार्थस्य शब्दस्य वाच- कत्वे नियन्त्रिते । संयोगाद्यैरवाच्यार्थधीकृद् व्यापृतिरञ्जनम् ॥ K.P.2., S. D.23-6; See व्याञ्जना also. -Comp. -अधिका [अञ्जना- दधिका कृष्णत्वात्] a kind of lizard. -अद्रिः-गिरिः (कर्म.) [अञ्जनमिव कृष्णः गिरिः] N. of a mountain, Seeनीलगिरि. -अम्भस् n. eye-water. -केशी [अञ्जनामिव केशो यस्याः] N. of a vegetable perfume (हट्टविलासिनीनामकं गन्धद्रव्यं यत्संयोगा- त्केशस्यातीव कृष्णत्वम् (Mar. नखला). -त्रितयम् (Āyurveda) पुष्पाञ्जन, रसाञ्जन and कोलाञ्जन. -नामका ष. त.] a swelling of the eye-lid, sty (Mar. रांजणवाडी). -मूलकः A variety of an inferior gem, deep-dark in colour. Kau.A.2.11. -शलाका a stick or pencil for the application of collyrium.

aṇa	अण (न) क a. [अणति यथेच्छं नदति, अण्-अच् कुत्सायां कन् च] Very small, contemptible, mean, insignificant, wretched; पापाणके कुत्सितैः P.II.1.54; oft. in comp. in the sense of deterioration or contempt; ˚कुलालः Sk. a contemptible potter. cf. also मृते$पि त्वयि जीवन्त्या किं मयाणक- भार्यया Bk.14.58. -कः A kind of bird.

atikramaḥ	अतिक्रमः 1 Act of overstepping, going beyond &c. -2 (a) Breach of decorum or duty; अहो अतिक्रमः Māl.7. (b) Transgression, violation; उपचार˚ केवलमुपचारातिक्रमं प्रमार्ष्टुमस्माकमयमारम्भः M.4.5. (c) Trespass; disrespect, injury, opposition; ब्राह्मण˚ त्यागो भवतामेव भूतये Mv.2.1. refraining from all trespass against Brāhmaṇas; दिशत्यपायं हि सतामतिक्रमः Ki.14.9; कुलान्यकुलतां यान्ति ब्राह्मणातिक्रमेण च Ms.3.63; एतस्मिन्नतिक्रमे परवतीयम् M.3; गुरुजनातिक्रमात् K.16; शशिनो ज्येष्ठा- तिक्रमः 56. transgression (passing through); मर्षणीयो$यमा- रोहणातिक्रमः 81; वात्सल्यादतिक्रमो$पि Mv.1 violation (of due limits or propriety); Mv.4.25. -3 Lapse, passing away (of time); अनेकसंवत्सरातिक्रमे$पि U.4; वेला˚ मं कृत्वा आगतः Pt.1; उचितवेलातिक्रमे M.2; सन्ध्य˚ Rām. -4 Overcoming, conquering, surpassing; _x001F_1mostly with दुर्; स्वजातिर्दुरतिक्रमा, स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः &c. -5 Neglect, omission, disregard; कामतो रेतसः सेकं व्रतस्थस्य द्विजन्मनः । अतिक्रमं व्रतस्याहुर्धर्मज्ञा ब्रह्मवादिनः ॥ Ms.11.12. -6 A vigorous attack, _x001F_-determined onset (= अभिक्रम q. v.). -7 Excess. -8 Abuse, misapplication. -9 Imposition.

atha	अथ (Ved. अथा) ind. [अर्थ्-ड, पृषोद˚ रलोपः Tv.] A particle used at the beginning (of works) mostly as a sign of auspiciousness, and translated by 'here', 'now' (begins) (मङ्गल, आरम्भ, अधिकार) (Properly speaking 'auspiciousness' or मङ्गल is not the sense of अथ, but the very utterance or hearing of the word is considered to be indicative of auspiciousness, as the word is supposed to have emanated from the throat of Brahmā ओंकारश्चाथशब्दश्च द्वावेतौ ब्रह्मणः पुरा । कण्ठं भित्त्वा विनिर्यातौ तेन माङ्गलिकावुभौ ॥ and therefore we find in Śāṅkara Bhāṣya अर्थान्तरप्रयुक्तः अथशब्दः श्रुत्या मङ्गलमारचयति); अथ निर्वचनम्; अथ योगानुशासनम्; अथेदं प्रारभ्यते द्वितीयं तन्त्रम् Pt.2. (usually followed by इति at the end, इति प्रथमो$ङ्कः here ends &c.). -2 Then, afterwards (आनन्तर्य) अथ प्रजानामधिपः प्रभाते R.2.1; often as a correlative of यदि or चेत्; न चेन्मुनिकुमारो$यं अथ को$स्य व्यपदेशः Ś.7; मुहूर्तादुपरि उपाध्याय- श्चेदागच्छेत् अथ त्वं छन्दो$धीष्व P.III.3.9. Sk. -3 If, supposing, now if, in case, but if (पक्षान्तर); अथ कौतुक- मावेदयामि K.144, अथ तु वेत्सि शुचि व्रतमात्मनः पतिकुले तव दास्यमपि क्षमम् ॥ Ś.5.27; अथ मरणमवश्यमेव जन्तोः किमिति मुधा मलिनं यशः कुरुध्वे Ve.3.6. अथ गृह्णाति Ś.7; Ku.5.45; Mu.3.25; Ki.1.44; अथ चास्तमिता त्वमात्मना R.8.51 while, but, on the other hand; oft followed by ततः or तथापि, Bg.2.26;12.9,11; अथ चेत् but if Bg.2. 33;18.58. -4 And, so also, likewise (समुच्चय); गणितमथ कलां वैशिकीम् Mk.1. मातृष्वसा मातुलानि श्वश्रूरथ पितृष्वसा । संपूज्या गुरुपत्नीवत् समास्ता गुरुभार्यया ॥ Ms.2.1.31; भीमो$थार्जुनः G.M. -5 Used in asking or introducing questions (प्रश्न) oft. with the interrogative word itself; अथ सा तत्रभवती किमाख्यम्य राजर्षेः पत्नी Ś.7; अर्थवान् खलु मे राजशब्दः । अथ भगवाँल्लोकानुग्रहाय कुशली काश्यपः Ś.5; अथ शक्नोषि भोक्तुम् G. M.; अथात्रभवति कथमित्थंभूता M.5; अथ केन प्रयुक्तो$यं पापं चरति पूरुषः । Bg.3.36; अथ भवन्तमन्तरेण कीदृशो$स्या दृष्टिरागः Ś.2; अथ माडव्यं प्रति किमेवं प्रयुक्तम् Ś.6 (अथ may in these two sentences mean 'but'). -6 Totality, entirety (कार्त्स्न्य); अथ धर्मं व्याख्यास्यामः G. M. we shall explain the whole धर्म (धर्म in all its details.) Śi;7.75. -7 Doubt, uncertainty (संशय, विकल्प); शब्दो नित्यो $थानित्यः G. M. The senses of अथ usually given by lexicographers are :-अथो$थ स्यातां समुच्चये । मङ्गले संशयारम्भा- धिकारानन्तरेषु च । अन्वादेशे प्रतिज्ञायां प्रश्नसाकल्ययोरपि ॥ Some of these senses are indentical with those in (1), while some are not in general use. -Comp. -अतः -अनन्तरम् now, therefore; अथा$तो धर्मजिज्ञासा Ms.1.1.1. -अपि moreover, and again &c. (= अथ in most cases); ˚च likewise, also. -किम् what else, yes, exactly so, quite so, certainly; सर्वथा अप्सरःसंभवैषा । अथ किम् Ś.1; अपि वृषलमनुरक्ताः प्रकृतयः अथ किम् Mu.1. -किमु how much more, so much more. -तु but, on the contrary. अथ तु वेत्सि शुचि व्रतमात्मनः । Ś.5.27. -वा 1 or (used like the English disjunctive conjunction 'or' and occupying the same place); व्यवहारं परिज्ञाय वध्यः पूज्यो$थवा भवेत् H.1.55; समस्तैरथवा पृथक् Ms.7.198; अथवा-अथवा either-or; वाथ is often used in the same sense with वा; कार्तिके वाथ चैत्रे वा Pt.3.38; साम्ना दानेन भेदेन समस्तैरथवा पृथक् । विजेतुं प्रयतेतारीन्न युद्धेन कदाचन ॥ Ms.7.182; अथापि वा also used in the same sense; एतदेव व्रतं कुर्यु- श्चान्द्रायणमथापि वा 11.117;8.287. -2 or rather, or why, or perhaps, is it not so (correcting or modifying a previous statement); why should there be any thought or hesitation about it, or it is no wonder; अपि नाम कुलपतेरियमसवर्णक्षेत्रसंभवा स्यात् । अथवा कृतं सन्देहेन Ś.1.,1.16; गमिष्याम्युपहास्यताम्...अथवा कृतवाग्द्वारे वंशे$स्मिन् R.1.3-4; अथवा मृदु वस्तु हिंसितुम् R.8.45.; दीर्ये किं न सहस्रधाहमथवा रामेण किं दुष्करम् U.6.4; अधोधो गङ्गेयं पदमुपगता स्तोकमथवा । विवेकभ्रष्टानां भवति विनिपातः शतमुखः Bh.2.1.

adaiva	अदैव a. (-वी f.) 1 Not predestined or predetermined (by Gods or by Fate). -2 Not connected with the Gods or their action, not divine; अदैवं भोजयेच्छ्राद्धम् Ms.3. 247 (Kull. वैश्वदेवब्राह्मणभोजनरहितम्). -3 Unfortunate, ill-fated.

adhikāraḥ	अधिकारः 1 Superintendence, watching over; स्त्रीषु कष्टो$धिकारः V.3.1; यः पौरवेण राज्ञा धर्माधिकारे नियुक्तः Ś.1 superintendence of religious matters. -2 Duty, office, charge; power, post of authority; authority; मन्त्राधि- कारः Kau. A.1 निर्णयाधिकारे ब्रवीमि M.1. I say this in the capacity of a judge; अविश्रमो$यं लोकतन्त्राधिकारः Ś.5; द्वीपिनस्ताम्बूलाधिकारो दत्तः Pt.1, तुल्योद्योगस्तव दिनकृतश्चाधिकारो मतो नः V.2.1.; अर्थ˚ administration of pecuniary matters स्वाधिकारात् प्रमत्तः Me.1; अधिकारे मम पुत्रको नियुक्तः M.5; यः सर्वाधिकारे नियुक्तः प्रधानमन्त्री स करोतु, अनुजीविना पर˚ चर्चा न कर्तव्या H.2; शिल्पाधिकारे योग्येयं दारिका M.1 fit to be initiated in to the fine arts. -3 Sovereignty, government or administration, jurisdiction, rule; स्वाधिकार- भूमौ वर्तिष्यते Ś.7 seat of government or jurisdiction, ˚खेदं निरूप्य Ś.5. -4 Position, dignity, rank; हृताधिकारां मलिनाम् Y.1.7 deprived of the position or rights or privileges of a wife. -5 (a) Right, authority, privilege, claim, title (as to wealth, property &c.); right of ownership or possession; अधिकारः फले स्वाम्यमथिकारी च तत्प्रभुः S. D.296; वत्से$धिकारः स्थितः Mv.4.38 it now belongs to the child. (b) Qualification or authority to perform certain specified duties, civil, sacrificial, religious &c.; as the अधिकार of a king to rule and protect, of a Brāhmaṇa to sacrifice, of a Vaiśya to till or trade &c.; शूद्रो$धिकारहीनो$पि Y.3.262; with loc.; निषेकादिस्मशा- नान्तो मन्त्रैर्यस्योदितो विधिः । तस्य शास्त्रे$धिकारो$स्मिन् ज्ञेयो नान्यस्य कस्यचित् Ms.2.16; श्राद्धाधिकारसम्पदस्तु इति भवन्तो ब्रुवन्तु (repeated in Śrāddha ceremonies). -6 Prerogative of a king. -7 Effort, exertion; कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन Bg.2.47 your business is with action alone &c. -8 Relation, reference; स राघवस्तत्र तदा प्रलापाञ् शुश्राव लोकस्य समागतस्य । आत्माधिकारा विविधाश्च वाचः Rām.2.17.43. कथा विचित्राः पृतनाधिकाराः Mb. -9 Place = अधिकरण; महत्खलु पुरुषाधिकारं ज्योतिः M.1. -1 A topic, paragraph or section; प्रायश्चित्त˚ Mit.; See अधिकरण. -11 Counting, enumeration, occasion for counting; संसत्सु जाते पुरुषाधिकारे Ki. 3.51 (गणनाप्रस्तावे). -12 (In gram.) A head or governing rule, which exerts a directing or governing influence over other rules; e. g. सर्वस्य द्वे P.VIII.1.1; समर्थानां प्रथमाद्वा; प्राग्दीव्यतो$ण् IV.1.82-3; तत्पुरुषः II. 1.22; अधिकारो$यं Sk. (This अधिकार is of three kinds; सिंहावलोकितं चैव मण्डूकप्लुतमेव च । गङ्गाप्रवाहवच्चापि अधिकारस्त्रिधा मतः ॥.) अधिकार also means a word or sūtra extending over in the following सूत्रs up to a particular limit. -Comp. -विधिः determination or statement of qualifications to do particular acts; as राजा राजसूयेन यजेत. -स्थ -आढ्य a. possessed of authority, invested with office. अधिकारिन् adhikārin अधिकारवत् adhikāravat अधिकारिन् अधिकारवत् a. [अस्त्यर्थे इनि मतुप् वा] 1 Possessed of authority, having power; निःस्पृहो नाधिकारी स्यात् Pt.1.164; सन्धिविग्रहकार्य˚, कार्य˚ H.3. -2 Entitled to, having a right to; सर्वे स्युरधिकारिणः; so उत्तराधिकारिन् heir; धनग्रहण˚ &c.; तपस्यनधिकारित्वात् R.15.51 not qualified or authorised. -3 Belonging to, owned by. -4 Fit for. -m. (री-वान्) 1 An official, officer; न निष्प्रयोजनम् अधिकारवन्तः प्रभुभिराहूयन्ते Mu.3; a functionary, superintendent, head, director, governor. -2 A rightful claimant, proprietor, master, owner. -3 One qualified to sacrifice or perform sacred works. -4 Man as the lord of creation. -5 One well versed in the Vedānta.

adhyavaso	अध्यवसो 4 P. 1 To determine, resolve; कथमिदानीं दुर्जनवचनादेवं अध्यवसितं देवेन U. 1; अदुर्लभं मरणमध्यवसितम् K. 171; किमध्यवस्यन्ति गुरवः Ve.1; अभिधातुमध्यवससौ न गिरा Śi.9.76; resolve or mean to do. -2 To attempt, exert, undertake; मा साहसं अध्यवस्यः Dk.123; व्रतं दुष्करमध्यवसितम् H.1. -3 To grapple with. -4 To conceive, apprehend, think; अकार्यं कार्यवदध्यवस्य Dk.86.

adhyavasānam	अध्यवसानम् [भावे-ल्युट्] 1 Effort, determination &c. See अध्यवसाय -2 (In Rhet.) Identification of two things (प्रकृत and अप्रकृत) in such a manner that the one is completely absorbed into the other; निगीर्याध्यवसानं तु प्रकृतस्य परेण यत् K. P.1; on such identification is founded the figure called अतिशयोक्ति, and the लक्षणा called साध्यवसाना. See K. P.2.

adhyavasāyaḥ	अध्यवसायः 1 An attempt, effort, exertion; न स्वल्प- मप्यध्यवसायभीरोः करोति विज्ञाननिधिर्गुणं हि H.1.v.l.; ˚सह- चरेषु साहसेषु Dk.161. -2 Determination, resolution; mental effort or apprehension; संभावनं नाम अस्तित्वाध्यव- सायः P.VI.2.21. cf. also प्रतिविषयाध्यवसायो दृष्टम् । Sāṅk-hya K.5. -3 Perseverance, diligence, energy, constancy; तत्को$यं पदे पदे महाननध्यवसायः U.4 absence of energy or resolution, drooping of spirits; (with महानध्यवसायः as the reading, the meaning would be 'why this effort on your part i. e. to determine whether you should go or not, hesitation.')

adhyavasita	अध्यवसित p. p. Attempted, mentally apprehended, determined.

adhruva	अध्रुव a. Uncertain, doubtful. -2 Unsteady, moving, not fixed or permanent; स्वाङ्गे$ध्रुवे P.III.4.54; separable (which can be severed or detached without fatal or disastrous effects) (येन विना न जीवनं सो$ध्रुवः Sk.) -वम् An uncertainty; यो ध्रुवाणि परित्यज्य अध्रुवाणि निषेवते । ध्रुवाणि तस्य नश्यन्ति अध्रुवं नष्टमेव च H.1.184. cf. the English phrase 'A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.'

anavasita	अनवसित a. [न. त.] Not ended or finished; not determined. -ता N. of a kind of Triṣṭubh metre, consisting of four lines with 11 feet in each.

anārabhya	अनारभ्य a. Unfit to be commenced or undertaken. -ind. Without commencing; without reference to any particular thing e. g. ˚वादः 1 detached remark (upon sacrifices &c.); किञ्चित्कर्मारभ्य उद्यते उच्यते इत्यारभ्यवादः न आरभ्यवादः -2 A statement without any specific reference to any particular thing or act, न बानारभ्यवादात् । Ms.6. 6.3, A statement having no definite context. -Comp. -अधीत a. [न आसभ्य किञ्चिदधीतः] studied or taught or read without reference to any particular subject (not as part of a regular or authoritative work); learnt as a detached subject; येषां मन्त्राणां कर्मविशेषे विनियोगो नोक्तः तेषां मन्त्राणाम् अनारभ्याधीतत्वात् ब्रह्मयज्ञे एव विनियोग इति मीमांसा.

anāśrita	अनाश्रित a. Not connected with, or dependent on, independent, detached; non-inherent.

aniyata	अनियत a. 1 Uncontrolled, unrestricted. -2 Indefinite, uncertain, not fixed; irregular (forms also); ˚वेलं आहारो$श्यते Ś.2 at irregular hours. -3 Causeless, casual, incidental, occasional; ˚रुदितस्मितम् (वदनकमलकम्) U.4.4; Māl.1.2. -Comp. -अङ्कः an indeterminate digit (in Math.) -आत्मन् a. not self-possessed, whose soul is not properly controlled. -पुंस्का a woman loose in conduct, unchaste. -वृत्ति a. 1 having no regular or fixed employment or application (as a word). -2 having no regular income.

anirdhārita	अनिर्धारित a. Not determined or ascertained.

anuja	अनुज जात p. p. Born after, later, younger; राममनुजातः P.III.4.72; असौ कुमारस्तमजो$नुजातः R.6.78; पुमांसमनुरुध्य जाता पुमनुजा Sk.; so स्त्र्यनुजा. -जः, -जातः 1 A younger brother; दन्तजाते$नुजाते च कृतचूडे च संस्थिते । अशुद्धा बान्धवाः सर्वे सूतके च तथोच्यते ॥ Some interpret the word अनुजात there to mean 'a child which has not, cut teeth.' Ms.5.58. -2 A cadet; born again, after born, younger, later. -3 Taking after. अनुजातो हि मां सर्वैर्गुणैः श्रेष्ठो ममात्मजः Rām.2.2.11. -4 Born again, invested with the sacred thread. -5 Equal, resembling; एकस्त्वमनुजातो$सि पितरं बलवत्तरम् Rām.6.76.72. -जा, -जाता 1 younger sister. -2 N. of a plant (त्रायमाणालता). -जम् N. of a palnt (प्रपौण्डरीक; Mar. पुण्डरीक), -Comp. -अवर a. lower than the younger, youngest.

anutsāha	अनुत्साह a. Destitute of energy or determination. -हः Want of determination, energy &c.; listlessness, languor, indifference.

anupaghātaḥ	अनुपघातः Absence of damage or detriment; ˚अर्जित obtained without any detriment (to the paternal estate).

anubhāvaḥ	अनुभावः 1 Dignity, consequence or dignity of person, majestic lustre, splendour, might, power, authority. (परिमेयपुरःसरौ) अनुभावविशेषात्तु सेनापरिवृताविव R.1.37; संभावनीयानुभावा अस्याकृतिः Ś.7; अनुभावसौभाग्यमात्रपरिशेष- धूसरश्री U.1,3;6.2;41,4.22, K.18,24; V.1; तवानुभावो$यमवेदि यन्मया Ki.1.6; Dk.29,113; दिव्यौषध्या जयति महिमा को$प्यचिन्त्यानुभावः । Mv.6.53; अहो महानुभावः पार्थिवो दुष्यन्तः Ś.3 of great might or power; जाने वो रक्षसाक्रान्तावनुभावपराक्रमौ R.1.38,2.75 greatness (dignity) &c., valour; न निहन्ति धैर्यमनुभावगुणः Ki.6.28; महानुभावप्रकृतिः कापि तत एवागतवती Māl.1 very noble or dignified. -2 (In Rhet.) An external manifestation or indication of a feeling (भाव) by appropriate symptoms, such as by look, gesture &c., called by some ensuant (भावबोधक-न); भावं मनोगतं साक्षात् स्वगतं व्यञ्जयत्नि ये । ते$नुभावा इति ख्याताः; यथा भ्रूभङ्गः कोपस्य व्यञ्जकः; उद्बुद्धं कारणं स्वैः स्वैर्बहिर्भावं प्रकाशयन् । लोके यः कार्यरूपः सो$- नुभावः काव्यनाट्ययोः ॥ S. D.162,163. &c.; धिगेव रमणीयतां त्वदनुभावभावादृते Māl.9.35. -3 Firm opinion or resolution, determination, belief; अनुभावांश्च जानासि ब्राह्मणानां न संशयः Mb.3.24.8. अनुभाववता गुरुस्थिरत्वात् Ki.13.15. cf. अनुभावः प्रभावे च सतां च मतिनिश्चये Ak. also Nm.

anumātrā	अनुमात्रा Determination, resolution; तत्रेयमनुमात्रा मे भीमसेन विवक्षिता । नैकान्तसिद्धिर्वक्तव्या शत्रुभिः सह संयुगे ॥ Mb.5.77.13.

anusamayaḥ	अनुसमयः 1 Regular or proper connection, as of words. -2 Doing several details with reference to several things or persons. This can be done in more ways than one and hence we have three varieties of अनुसमय (a) पदार्थानुसमय i. e. doing one thing with reference to all, then doing the second in the same way and so on. (b) काण्डानुसमय i. e. doing the whole mass of details with reference to one thing first, then doing the same with the second and so on. This is also known as एकजातीयानुसमय. (c) समुदायानुसमय i. e. doing a group of details forming a composite whole (समुदाय) with reference to one, then doing it with reference to the second and so on. It may be noted that when several details are to be performed with reference to one thing or person, the details are in close proximity with the प्रधान and hence the problem of अङ्गप्रधानप्रत्यासत्ति does not arise in such cases. But when several things are to be performed with respect to several things or persons, this अङ्गप्रधानप्रत्यासत्ति can be achieved by following the पदार्थानुसमय, which, therefore, is to be preferred to the other two words. (This is known as the पदार्थानुसमयन्याय.) But when पदार्थानुसमय is found not practicable, the second mode i. e. the काण़्डानुसमय or एकजातीयानुसमय should be adopted, provided that among the details to be performed, there are none which together form a composite whole. (This is known as काण्डानुसमयन्याय.) If, however, there are among the details to be performed some details which form one or more composite wholes, they should be performed together with the first thing or person, then with the second, and so on. Thus in such cases the समुदायानुसमय should be adopted. (This is known as समुदायानुसमयन्याय.)

anta	अन्त a. [अम्-तन् Uṇ.3.86] 1 Near. -2 Last. -3 Handsome, lovely; Me.23; दन्तोज्ज्वलासु विमलोपलमे- खलान्ताः Śi.4.4, (where, however, the ordinary sense of 'border' or 'skirt' may do as well, though Malli. renders अन्त by रम्य, quoting the authority of शब्दार्णव - 'मृताववसिते रम्ये समाप्तावन्त इष्यते'). -4 Lowest, worst. -5 Youngest. -तः (n. in some senses) 1 (a) End, limit, boundary (in time or space); final limit, last or extreme point; स सागरान्तां पृथिवीं प्रशास्ति H.4.5 bounded by the ocean, as far as the sea; अपाङ्गौ नेत्रयो- रन्तौ Ak.; उद्युक्तो विद्यान्तमधिगच्छति H.3.114 goes to the end of, masters completely; श्रुतस्य यायादयमन्तमर्भकस्तथा परेषां युधि चेति पार्थिवः (where अन्त also means end or destruction); जीवलोकसुखानामन्तं ययौ K.59 enjoyed all worldly pleasures; आलोकितः खलु रमणीयानामन्तः K.124 end, furthest extremity; दिगन्ते श्रूयन्ते Bv.1.2. -2 Skirt, border, edge, precinct; a place or ground in general; यत्र रम्यो वनान्तः U.2.25 forest ground, skirts of the forest; ओदकान्तात् स्निग्धो जनो$नुगन्तव्यः Ś.4; उपवनान्तलताः R.9.35 as far as the borders or skirts; वृत्तः स नौ संगतयोर्वनान्ते R.2.58,2.19; Me.23. Upper part (शिरोभाग); महा- र्हमुक्तामणिभूषितान्तम् Rām.5.4.3. -3 End of a texture, edge, skirt, fringe or hem of a garment; वस्त्र˚; पवनप्रनर्तितान्तदेशे दुकूले K.9 (by itself in Veda). -4 Vicinity, proximity, neighbourhood, presence; नाधीयीत श्मशानान्ते ग्रामान्ते Ms. 4.116; Y.2.162; जलान्ते छन्दसां कुर्यादुत्सर्गं विधिवद् बहिः 1.143; गङ्गाप्रपातान्तविरूढशष्पम् (गह्वरम्) R.2.26; पुंसो यमान्तं व्रजतः P.2.115 going into the vicinity or presence of Yama; अन्योन्यामन्त्रणं यत्स्याज्जनान्ते तज्जनान्तिकम् S. D.; यां तु कुमारस्यान्ते वाचमभाषथास्तां मे ब्रूहि Śat. Br. (These four senses are allied). -5 End, conclusion, termination (opp. आरम्भ or आदि); सेकान्ते R.1.51; दिनान्ते निहितम् R.4.1; मासान्ते, पक्षान्ते, दशाहान्ते &c.; एकस्य दुःखस्य न यावदन्तं गच्छाम्यहं पारमिवार्णवस्य Pt.2.175; व्यसनानि दुरन्तानि Ms.7.45; दशान्तमुपेयिवान् R.12.1 going to the end of the period of life (end of the wick); व्यसनं वर्धयत्येव तस्यान्तं नाधिगच्छति Pt.2.18; oft. in comp. in this sense, and meaning 'ending in or with', 'ceasing to exist with', 'reaching to the end'; तदन्तं तस्य जीवितम् H.1.91 ends in it; कलहान्तानि हर्म्याणि कुवाक्यान्तं च सौहृदम् । कुराजान्तानि राष्ट्राणि कुकर्मान्तं यशो नृणाम् ॥ Pt.5.76; विशाखान्ता गता मेघा प्रसूत्यन्तं च यौवनम् । प्रणामान्तः सतां कोपो याचनान्तंहि गौरवम् ॥ Subhā. फलोदयान्ताय तपःसमाधये Ku.5.6 ending with (lasting till) the attainment of fruit; यौवनान्तं वयो यस्मिन् Ku.6.44; R.11.62,14.41; विपदन्ता ह्यविनीतसंपदः Ki.2.52; युगसहस्रान्तं ब्राह्मं पुण्यमहर्विदुः Ms.1.73 at the end of 1 Yugas; प्राणान्तं दण़्डम् Ms.8.359 capital punishment (such as would put an end to life). -6 Death, destruction; end or close of life; धरा गच्छत्यन्तं Bh.3.71 goes down to destruction; योगेनान्ते तनुत्यजाम् R.1.8; एका भवेत्स्वस्तिमती त्वदन्ते 2.48;12.75; ममाप्यन्ते Ś.6; अद्य कान्तः कृतान्तो वा दुःखस्यान्तं करिष्यति Udb.; औषध्यः फलपाकान्ताः Ms.1.46; अन्तं या To be destroyed, perish, be ruined. -7 (In gram.) A final syllable or letter of a word; अजन्त ending in a vowel; so हलन्त, सुबन्त, तिडन्त &c. -8 The last word in a compound. -9 Ascertainment, or settlement (of a question); definite or final settlement; pause, final determination, as in सिद्धान्त; न चैव रावणस्यान्तो दृश्यते जीवितक्षये Rām.6.17.58 उभयोरपि दृष्टोन्तस्त्वनयोस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः Bg.2.16 (सदसतोः इत्यर्थः). -1 The last portion or the remainder (n. also); निशान्तः; वेदान्तः &c. वेदांश्चैव तु वेदाङ्गान् वेदान्तानि तथा स्मृतीः । अधीत्य ब्राह्मणः पूर्वं शक्तितो$न्यांश्च संपठेत् ॥ Bṛihadyogi- yājñavalkya Smṛiti 12.34. -11 Underneath, inside, inner part; युष्मदीयं च जलान्ते गृहम् Pt.4 in water, underneath water; सुप्रयुक्तस्य दम्भस्य ब्रह्माप्यन्तं न गच्छति Pt.1.22 does not penetrate or dive into, sound, fathom; आशङ्कितस्यान्तं गच्छामि M.3 shall dive deep into, fully satisfy, my doubts. -12 Total amount, whole number or quantity. -13 A large number. -14 Nature, condition; sort, species; मम मोक्षस्य को$न्तो वै ब्रह्मन्ध्यायस्व वै प्रभो Mb.12.282.32. एतदन्तास्तु गतयो ब्रह्माद्याः समुदाहृताः Ms.1.5. -15 Disposition; essence; शुद्धान्तः -16 Division (विभाग); ते$नया कात्यायन्या$न्तं करवाणीति Bri. Up.2.4.1. [cf. Goth. andeis, and; Germ. ende and ent; also Gr. anti; L. ante]. cf. अन्तस्तु भागे$- वसिते रचनायां च तत्परे । मृतौ निषेवणे रम्ये समाप्तावग्रमध्ययोः ॥ स्वरूपे च समीपे च पुंलिङ्गे$पि प्रकीर्तितः । Nm. -Comp. -अवशा- यिन् m. [अन्ते पर्यन्तदेशे अवशेते] a chāṇḍāla. -अवसायिन् [नखकेशानामन्तं अवसातुं छेत्तुं शीलमस्य, सो-णिनि] 1 a barber. -2 a chāṇḍāla, low caste. -3 N. of a sage, see अन्त्याव- सायिन् (अन्ते पश्चिमे वयसि अवस्यति तत्त्वं निश्चिनोति). -उदात्त a. having the acute accent on the last syllable. (-त्तः) the acute accent on the last syllable; P.VI,1.199. -ओष्ठः The lower lip (अधरोष्ठ); रुधिरं न व्यतिक्रामदन्तोष्ठादम्ब मा शुचः Mb.11.15.16. -कर, -करण,-कारिन् a. causing death or destruction, fatal, mortal, destructive; क्षत्रिया- न्तकरणो$पि विक्रमः R.11.75 causing the destruction of; राज्यान्तकरणावेतौ द्वौ दोषौ पृथिवीक्षिताम् Ms.9.221; अहमन्तकरो नूनं ध्वान्तस्येव दिवाकरः Bk. -कर्मन् n. death, destruction; षो अन्तकर्मणि Dhātupāṭha. -कालः, -वेला time or hour of death; स्थित्वा स्यामन्तकाले$पि ब्रह्मनिर्वाणमृच्छति Bg.2.72. -कृत् m. death; वर्जयेदन्तकृन्मर्त्यं वर्जयेदनिलो$नलम् Rām. -कृद्दशाः N. of the eighth of the twelve sacred Aṅga texts of the Jainas (containing ten chapters). -ग a. having gone to the end of, thoroughly conversant or familiar with, (in comp.); शाखान्तगमथाध्वर्युम् Ms.3.145. -गति, -गामिन् a. perishing. प्राप्तो$न्तगामी विपरीतबुद्धिः Rām.6.59.94. -गमनम् 1 going to the end, finishing, completing; प्रारब्धस्य ˚नं द्वितीयं बुद्धिलक्षणम् -2 death, perishing, dying. -चक्रम् Reading of omens and augury; Kau. A. -चर a. 1 walking about, going to the borders or frontiers. -2 completing or finishing (as a business &c.). -ज a. last born. -दीपकम् a figure of speech (in Rhetoric). -परिच्छदः a. cover, covering utensil. राजतान्तपरिच्छदां दिव्यपायससंपूर्णां पात्रीम् Rām.1.16.14. -पालः 1 a frontier-guard, guarding the frontiers; विनीतैरन्तपालैश्च रक्षोभिश्च सुरक्षितम् Rām.5.6.9. ˚दुर्गे M.1; त्वदीयेनान्तपाले- नावस्कन्द्य गृहीतः ibid. -2 a door-keeper (rare). सुद्युम्न- स्त्वन्तपालेभ्यः श्रुत्वा लिखितमागतम् Mb.12.23.29. -भव, -भाज् a. being at the end, last. -लीन a. hidden, con- cealed. -लोपः dropping of the final of a word. (न्ते˚) -वासिन् a. dwelling near the frontiers, dwelling close by. -m. [अन्ते गुरुसमीपे वस्तुं शीलं यस्य] 1 a pupil (who always dwells near his master to receive instruction); P.IV.3.14;VI.2.36.; Ms.4.33. -2 a chāṇḍāla (who dwells at the extremity of a village). -वेला = ˚कालः q. v. -व्यापत्तिः f. change of the final syllable, as in मेघ from मिह् Nir. -शय्या 1 a bed on the ground. -2 the last bed, death-bed; hence death itself. -3 a place for burial or burning. -4 a bier or funeral pile. -संश्लेषः union (सन्धि), joint; सुखदुःखान्तसंश्लेषम् (काल- चक्रम्) Mb.14.45.3. -सत्क्रिया last rites, funeral ceremonies, obsequies. -सढ् m. pupil; तमुपासते गुरुमिवा- न्तसदः Ki.6.34. -स्वरितः the svarita accent on the last syllable of a word.

apa	अप ind. [न पाति रक्षति पतनात् पा-ड Tv.] 1 (As a prefix to verbs it means) (a) Away, away from, denoting वियोग; अपयाति, अपनयति; (b) deterioration (विकृति); अपकरोति does wrongly or badly; (c) opposition, negation, contradiction (विपरीत); अपकर्षति, अपचिनोति; (d) direction or mention or illustration (निदर्शन); अपदिशति; (e) exclusion (वर्जन); अपवह्, अपसृ Caus. (f) joy, merriment or laughter (आनन्द); अपहसति; (g) concealment or denial (चौर्य); अपलपति, अपवदते. -2 As first member of Tat. or Bahuvrīhi comp. it has all the above senses; अपयानम्, अपकर्म, अपपाठः; अपशब्दः a bad or corrupt word; ˚भी fearless; ˚कल्मष stainless; अपरागः discontent (opp. to अनुराग); ˚मेघोदयं वर्षम् Ku.6.54 &c. In most cases अप may be translated by 'bad', 'inferior', 'corrupt', 'wrong', 'unworthy', &c. It also means 'going downwards' as in अपानः. -3 As a separable preposition (with a noun in the abl.) (a) away from; यत्संप्रत्यप लोकेभ्यो लङ्कायां वसतिर्भयात् Rām; (b) without, on the outside of; अप हरेः संसारः Sk.; (c) with the exception of, excepting; अप त्रिगर्तेभ्यो वृष्टो देवः Sk. on the outside of, with the exception of. In these senses अप may form adverbial compounds also (P.II.1.12); ˚विष्णु संसारः Sk. without Viṣṇu; ˚त्रिगर्तं वृष्टो देवः excepting त्रिगर्त &c. It also implies negation, contradiction &c.; ˚कामम्, ˚शङ्कम्. The senses of this word as given by G. M. may be thus put in verse; वर्जने विकृतौ चौर्ये विपरीतवियोगयोः । अपकृष्टे च निर्देशे हर्षे चापः प्रयुज्यते. [cf. L. ab; Gr. apo; Goth. af. Eng. of or off; Zend apa].

apakṛṣ	अपकृष् 1 P., 6 U. 1 (a) To draw back or away, draw off or aside, drag down, drag away, take or carry off, take or draw out, extract; आनायिभिस्ता- मपकृष्टनक्राम् R.16.55 drawn out; दन्ताग्रभिन्नमपकृष्य निरीक्षते च Rs.4.13 pulling off or back. (b) To take or carry away, remove; धैर्यं शोको$पकर्षति Rām.; किं त्वनुष्ठाननित्यत्वं स्वातन्त्र्यमपकर्षति U.1.8, Mv.4.33 prevents or interferes with freedom of action; क्षात्रं तेजो$पकर्षति Mv.1.32 destroys, robs one of. -2 To diminish, decrease, omit; अपकर्षेदेवं यावत्पञ्चदश Suśr. -3 To bend (as a bow); धनुःश्रेष्ठमपकृष्य Mb. -4 To lower or debase, dishonour, detract from, lessen the value of, disparage; पीडयन् भृत्यवर्गं हि आत्मानमपकर्षति Mb. -5. To bring or draw backwards; anticipate (as a word in a sentence) what occurs later on; अग्रिमसूत्रस्थं सर्वत्रग्रहणमिहापकृष्यते P. IV.1.17 Com. -Caus To remove, take away, lessen, diminish, detract from; काव्यस्यात्मभूतं रसमपकर्षयन्तः काव्य- स्यापकर्षकाः (दोषाः) उच्यन्ते S. D.1.

apakarṣaḥ	अपकर्षः 1 (a) Drawing off or down; diminution, decrease, reduction; मदो$पकर्षात् Dk.16; loss, decay, decline, destruction; तेजो$पकर्षः Ve.1; deterioration, inferiority; उत्कर्षापकर्षविहीनो मध्यः Sk. (b) Dishonour, degradation, lowering (of esteem), infamy, disgrace (opp. उत्कर्ष in all senses); तपोबीजप्रभावैस्तु ते गच्छन्ति युगे युगे । उत्कर्षं चापकर्षं च मनुष्येष्विह जन्मतः ॥ Ms.1.42; मूल्यो- त्कर्ष˚ rise and fall in price, increase and decrease. -2 Anticipated performance of a duty, as of a Śrāddha, anticipation (of some detail or details at a विकृतियाग), i. e. performing them at an earlier stage. (see उत्कर्ष). -3 Anticipation of a word occurring later on (in gram., poetry or Mīmāṁsā &c.). -Comp. -समः a sort of fallacy; e. g. sound has not the quality of shape, as a jar, so sound and a jar have no qualities in common.

apakarṣaka	अपकर्षक a. 1 Drawing or taking off or down, removing. -2 Lessening, diminishing, detracting from; दोषास्तस्य (काव्यस्य) अपकर्षकाः S. D.1.

apakarṣaṇa	अपकर्षण a. Taking or drawing away, removing, diminishing (opp. वर्धक); न चास्ति सदृशं तेन किंचित्स्थौल्याप- कर्षणम् Suśr. -णम् 1 Removing, taking away; drawing away or down, depriving (one) of, drawing out, extracting. -2 Lessening, making inferior, detraction. -3 Superseding. -4 Denying; abolishing.

apatrasta	अपत्रस्त p. p. Afraid of, deterred from; तरङ्गापत्रस्तः (slightly) afraid of waves; P.II.1.38 Sk.

aparopaḥ	अपरोपः Extermination, dethronement; श्रुत्वा स्वाम्यपरो- परौद्रविषमानाघाततूर्यस्वनान् Mu.2.21.

apalap	अपलप् 1 P. 1 To deny, disown; राजदेयमपलपितम् Kull. on Ms.8.4; refuse; शतमपलपति P.I.3.44. Sk. -2 To conceal, hide. -3 To detract from, slander. -Caus. To outwit, overreach, deceive; अपलापयमानस्य शत्रूंस्तस्याभवन्मतिः Bk.8.44. अपलपनम् apalapanam अपलापः apalāpḥ अपलपनम् अपलापः 1 Concealing, hiding; कृततिग्मद्यु- तिमण़्डलापलापैः Śi.2.28. -2 Concealment or denial of knowledge, evasion; न हि प्रत्यक्षसिद्धस्यापलापः कर्तुं शक्यते Ś. B. -3 Detraction, concealment of truth, thoughts, feelings &c.; उन्मुखदर्शनापलपनैः पिण्डार्थमायस्यतः Mu.3.14. -4 Affection, regard. -5 (In medicine) The part between the shoulder and the ribs. -Comp. -दण्डः (in law) a fine laid on one who denies the charge on which he is convicted.

apāyaḥ	अपायः [इ-अच्] 1 Going away, departure. -2 Separation; ध्रुवमपाये$पादानम् P.I.4.24. (अपायो विश्लेषः Sk.); येन जातं प्रियापाये कद्वदं हंसकोकिलम् Bk.6.75. -3 Disappearance, vanishing, absence; सूर्यापाये Me.82 at the time of sunset; क्षणदापायशशाङ्कदर्शनः R.8.74 close of night; जलापाय- विपाण़्डुराणि Śi.4.5;4.54;18.1. -4 Destruction, loss, death, annihilation; करणापायविभिन्नवर्णया R.8.42 loss, 83; मालत्यपायमधिगम्य Māl.1.9 death or disappearance of M. -5 An evil, ill, misfortune, risk, calamity, danger (oft. opp. उपाय); तदपि मरणापायचकितः Bh.3.9; तदनेन पापबुद्धिनोपायश्चिन्तितो नापायः Pt.1 not the danger (resulting from the plan); उपायं चिन्तयेत्प्राज्ञस्तथापायं च चिन्तयेत् Pt.1.46; अपायसंदर्शनजां विपत्तिमुपायसंदर्शनजां च सिद्धिप् 1.61; बह्वपाये वने Pt.1 exposed to many dangers, dangerous; कायः संनिहितापायः H.4.65 exposed to dangers or calamities; सत्ये$प्यपायमपेक्षते H.4.12; Ki.14.19. -6 Loss, detriment, injury. -7 The end (of a word).

apratipattiḥ	अप्रतिपत्तिः f. 1 Non-performance, non-acceptance. -2 Neglect, omission, disregard. -3 Want of understanding. -4 Absence of determination (what to do), perplexity; ˚विह्वल &c. K.159; (अप्रतिपत्तिर्जडता स्यादिष्टानि- ष्टदर्शनश्रुतिभिः; ˚त्तिसाध्वसजडा K.24; ययुः क्षणादप्रतिपत्तिमूढताम् Ki.14.43. -5 (Hence) absence of mind or ready wit (स्फूर्त्यभाव); उत्तरस्याप्रतिपत्तिरप्रतिभा Gaut. S.

abhakta	अभक्त a. 1 Not devoted or attached. -2 Nto connected with, detached. -3 Not worshipping. -4 Unaccepted. -5 Not eaten. -6 Not received as a share; यस्मै धायुरदधा मर्त्यायाभक्तम् Rv.3.3.7. -क्तम् Not food; ˚छन्दस्, ˚रुच् want of appetite.

abhikramaḥ	अभिक्रमः 1 Beginning, attempting, an undertaking; नेहाभिक्रमनाशो$स्ति प्रत्यवायो न विद्यते Bg.2.4. -2 A determined attack or onset, assault, onslaught. -3 Ascending, mounting. अभिक्रमणम् abhikramaṇam क्रान्तिः krāntiḥ अभिक्रमणम् क्रान्तिः f. Approaching, attacking &c. = अभिक्रम above; पुण्ड्रदेश˚ Dk.92.

abhihita	अभिहित p. p. 1 (a) Said, declared, spoken, mentioned; मयाभिहितम्, तेनाभिहितम् &c. (b) Predicated, asserted; अनभिहिते कर्मणि द्वितीया P.II.3.1-2. (c) Spoken to, addressed, called, named. (d) Whispered, promoted to say; determined. -2 Fastened, placed upon. -तम् A name, expression, word; हरन्ति स्मरतश्चित्तं गोविन्दाभिहितानि च Bhāg.1.15.27. ˚त्वम् being said or spoken to, a declaration; authority, test. -Comp. -अन्वयवादः, -वादिन् m. a particular doctrine (or the follower of that doctrine) on the import of words, as opposed to अन्विताभिधानवाद, -वादिन्. The anvitābhidhānavādins (the Mīmāṁsakas, the followers of Prabhākara) hold that words only express a meaning (अभिधान) as parts of a sentence and grammatically connected with one another (अन्वित); that they, in fact, only imply an action or something connected with an action; e. g. घटम् in घटम् आनय means not merely 'jar', but 'jar' as connected with the action of 'bringing' expressed by the verb. The abhihitānvayavādins (the Bhāṭṭas or the followers of Kumārilabhaṭṭa who hold the doctrine) on the other hand hold that words by themselves can express their own independent meanings which are afterwards combined into a sentence expressing one connected idea; that, in other words, it is the logical connection between the words of a sentence, and not the sense of the words themselves, that suggests the import or purport of that sentence; they thus believe in a tātparyārtha as distinguished from vāchyārtha; see K. P.2 and Maheśvara's commentary ad hoc. ˚तिः f. Naming, speaking &c.

abhiniviṣṭa	अभिनिविष्ट p. p. 1 Intent on, engrossed in, engaged in or occupied with, applying oneself to; माधवापकारं प्रति अभिनिविष्टा भवामि Māl.6. -2 Firmly or steadily fixed, uncontrollably fixed, steady, attentive, intent; अत्यभिनि- विष्टवित्तदर्पस्य Dk.29; Māl.1. -3 Endowed with, possessed of; गुरुभिरभिनिविष्टम् (गर्भंम्) लोकपालानुभावैः R.2,75. -4 Determined, resolute, persevering. -5 (In a bad sense) Obstinate, perverse; अथवाभिनिविष्टबुद्धिषु व्रजति व्यर्थकतां सुभाषितम् Śi.16.43; Ki.17.11. -6 Well-versed or proficient in. -ष्टम् Perseverance.

abhiniviṣṭatā	अभिनिविष्टता Resoluteness, determination of purpose; निन्दाक्षेपापमानादेरमर्षो$भिनिविष्टता S. D. i. e. adhering to one's purpose; not minding censure, abuse, dishonour &c.

abhiniveśaḥ	अभिनिवेशः 1 (a) Devotion, attachment, intentness, being occupied with, adherence to close application, with loc. or in comp,; कतमस्मिंस्ते भावाभिनिवेशः V.3; अहो निरर्थकव्यापारेष्वभिनिवेशः K.12.146, Dk.81; Māl.7. (b) Firm attachment, love, fondness, affection; बलीयान् खलु मे$भिनिवेशः Ś.3; अनुरूपो$स्या ˚शः ibid., V.2; असत्यभूते वस्तुन्यभिनिवेशः Mit. -2 Earnest desire, ardent longing or expectation; wish, desire; Māl.5.27. -3 Resolution, determined resolve, determination of purpose, firmness of resolve, perseverance; जनकात्मजायां नितान्तरूक्षाभिनिवेशमीशम् R.14.43; अनुरूप˚ शतोषिणा Ku.5.7; Śi.3.1. (b) Idea, thought; Ms.12.5; Y.3.155. -4 (In Yoga Phil.) A sort of ignorance causing fear of death; instinctive clinging to worldly life and bodily enjoyments and the fear that one might be cut off from all of them by death; अविद्या- स्मितारागद्वेषाभिनिवेशाः पञ्चक्लेशाः Yoga S.; cf. also Sāṅkhya K.15 and Malli. on Śi.4.55. -5 Pride; भयं द्वितीया- भिनिवेशतः स्यात् Bhāg.11.2.37.

abhiniveśin	अभिनिवेशिन् a. 1 Devoted to, intent on, adhering or clinging to; वितथाभिनिवेशी च जायते$न्त्यासु योनिषु Y. 3.134; कल्याणाभिनिवेशिनः K.136 of blessed or noble resolve, 191. -2 Fixing on, directing or turning (the mind) to; गुणेष्वभिनिवेशिनो भर्तुरपि प्रिया M.3; अहो नु खलु दुर्लभ ˚शी मदनः V.1; Dk.57. -3 Determined, resolute.

abhivegaḥ	अभिवेगः Ved. Consideration, thought, determination.

abhyasūyati	अभ्यसूयति Den. P. 1 To be angry with, bear malice against, envy, be jealous of (with acc.); न च मां यो$भ्यसूयति Bg.18.67; प्रहसन्ति स्म तां केचिदभ्यसूयन्ति चापरे Mb. -2 Not to like, detract from, calumniate; ये त्वेतदभ्यसूयन्तो नानुतिष्ठन्ति मे मतम् Bg.3.32.

abhyasūyaka	अभ्यसूयक a. (-यिका) Jealous, envious; a detractor; calumniator; मामात्मपरदेहेषु प्रद्विषन्तो$भ्यसूयकाः Bg.16.18.

abhyākhyānam	अभ्याख्यानम् A false charge; calumny, detraction.

amarṣa	अमर्ष a. Not enduring or bearing. -र्षः 1 Nonendurance, tolerance, impatience; अमर्षप्रभवो रोषः सफलो मे भविष्यति Rām.5.62.33. अमर्षशून्येन जनस्य जन्तुना न जातहार्देन न विद्विषादरः Ki.1.33; jealousy, jealous anger; किं नु भवतस्तातप्रतापोत्कर्षे$प्यमर्षः U.5. In Rhet. अमर्ष is one of the 33 minor feelings or व्यभिचारिभाव. See S. D.; R. G. thus defines it : परकृतावज्ञादिनानापराध- जन्यो मौनवाक्पारुष्यादिकारणभूतश्चित्तवृत्तिविशेषो$मर्षः. -2 Anger, passion, wrath; पुत्रवधामर्षोद्दीपितेन गाण्डीविना Ve.2; हर्षामर्ष- भयोद्वेगैः Bg.12.15. सामर्ष angry, indignant; सामर्षम् angrily. -3 Impetuosity, violence. -4 Determination of purpose. -र्षा Intolerance; यत्र सङ्गीतसन्नादैर्नदद्गुहममर्षया Bhāg.8.2.6. -Comp. -