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|  | | abdayā | (instrumental case of ab-d/ā-) ind. out of desire of giving water   | | | abhidah | to singe, burn (aor.p. abhi-d/akṣat-[ -d/akṣat-]) | | | abhidās | Ved. -dāsati- (subjunctive 3. sg. -d/āsat-[ ] or -d/āsāt- ) to consider and treat as an enemy. | | | abhidham | (parasmE-pada m. dual number -dh/amantā-) to blow towards or against | | | abhigam | -gacchati-, to go near to, approach (with accusative) ; to follow ; to meet with, find ; to cohabit (said of men and women) ; to undertake ; to get, gain, obtain etc. ; (with m/anasā-,or medh/ayā-or h/ṛdayena-) to understand : Causal -gamayati-, to study | | | abhikṣadā | mfn. ([ abhi-kṣa-d/ā-]) giving without being asked | | | abhīśu | m. (through incorrect interpretation of d/aśābhīśu- q.v) arm, finger | | | abhyavadānya | (or -d/ānya-) mfn. depriving of (genitive case) | | | abhyavahṛ | to throw down into water (accusative; ap/aḥ-or samudr/am-or hrad/am-) (see abhy-ava-nī-) ; to bring near ; to take food, eat : Causal to cause to throw down (into water) ; to attack (as an enemy) ; to take food, eat ; to cause to eat | | | abhyud | (parasmE-pada -und/at-;Imper. 2. plural -un/atta-[for untt/a-See Whitney's grammar section 690]) to wet, flow over | | | abhyupadhā | -/upa-dadhāti-, to place upon ; to cover with (instrumental case) : P. A1. (3. plural -/upa-dadhati-, subjunctive 1. plural -d/adhāmahai-) to place upon (the fire) in addition or together with | | | ad | cl.2 P. /atti-, āda-, atsyati-, attum-, to eat, consume, devour, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /attave- : Causal ād/ayati- and te- (once adayate-[ ]) to feed ([ confer, compare Lithuanian edmi; Slavonic or Slavonian jamjforjadmj; Greek ; Latin edo; Gothic rootAT present tense ita; German essen; English toeat, Armorican or the language of Brittany utem]). | | | ādā | A1. -datte-, () , Epic also rarely P. (exempli gratia, 'for example' 1. sg. -dadmi-,or -dadāmi-), Ved. generally A1. ([Pot. 1. plural -dadīmahi-; imperfect tense 3. sg. ādatta-; perf. 1. and 3. sg. -dade-; perf. p. -dadān/a- -d/adāna- ]) , but also P. (imperfect tense sg. ādam-, ādas-, ādat-,and 1. plural ādāma- Aorist 3. dual number āttām- ) "to give to one's self", take, accept, receive from (locative case instrumental case or ablative) etc. ; to seize, take away, carry off, rob ; to take back, reclaim ; to take off or out from (ablative), separate from (ablative) ; to take or carry away with one's self, (Potential P.1. sg. -dadīyam -!) ; to seize, grasp, take or catch hold of etc. ; to put on (clothes) ; to take as food or drink (with genitive case) (perf. Passive voice 3. sg. -dade-) ; (with accusative) ; to undertake, begin etc. ; to choose (a path) ; (with vacanam-etc.) to begin to speak etc. ; to begin to speak or to recite (see punar-ādāyam-) ; to offer (as oblations) (irreg. pr. p. -dadāyat-) ; to perceive, notice, feel ; to keep in mind ; to accept, approve of : Causal (ind.p. -dāpya-) to cause one to take : Desiderative A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural /āditsanta-) to be on the point of taking or carrying away from (genitive case) ; to be on the point of taking (the hand of) ; to be about to take to one's self | | | āda | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' taking, receiving (see dāyād/a-.) | | | ādabh | P. (Subj -dabhat-;3. plural -dabhnuvanti- subjunctive -dabhan-and Aorist -dabh/uḥ-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -d/abhe- ) to harm, hurt, injure | | | ādam | See d/aṃsu-patnī-. | | | adas | Nominal verb mf. as/au- (vocative case /asau- ) (n. ad/as-), (opposed to id/am- q.v), that, a certain | | | adat | ([ ]) or adatka- ([ ]) mfn. toothless. (For 1. ad/at-See above.) | | | adhara | mfn. (connected with adh/as-), lower, inferior, tending downwards | | | adhastānnirbādham | (adh/astān--), ind. (with the knobs) turned downwards, | | | adhastāt | ind. equals adh/as- q.v | | | adhidhā | (Passive voice 3. sg. -dhāyi- ) Ved. to place upon ; to give, share between (dative case or locative case) ; A1. (Aorist -adhita-; perf. -dadhe-, parasmE-pada -d/adhāna-) to acquire additionally | | | adhopahāsa | (dh/as-up-) m. sexual intercourse | | | ādhṛṣ | P. (perf. 3. sg. /ā-dadharṣa- Potential /ā-dadharṣīt- subjunctive Aorist 3. sg. -dadh/arṣat-,etc.) to assail, attack, injure, overcome | | | ādo | P. -d/āti-, -dy/ati- (subjunctive 1. plural /ā-dyāmasi-,etc.) to reduce to small pieces, to crush | | | adomada | or a-doma-dh/a- mfn. not occasioning inconvenience | | | adomaya | etc. See ad/as-. | | | ādṛś | A1. (3. sg. perf. Passive voice -d/adṛśe- ) to appear, be seen: Causal -darśayati-, to show, exhibit. | | | agnimindha | (agnim-indh/a-) m. the priest who kindles the fire | | | ākhid | P. -khid/ati- (1. sg. -khidāmi-; imperative 2. sg. -khidā-) to take away, draw to one's self | | | ākrand | P. -krandati- (Aorist 3. plural ākrandiṣuḥ- ) to shout out ; to invoke, call for help : P. A1. to cry with sorrow, lament, weep etc.: Causal (imperative 2. sg. -krandaya-) to inspire (courage) by its sound (as a drum) ; (parasmE-pada -krand/ayat-) to shout at, roar at ; to cry without interruption : to cause to lament or weep | | | amitrasāha | mfn. (for -khad/a-in ) enduring or overcoming enemies (Name of indra-) | | | amu | a pronominal base, used in the declension of the pronominal ad/as-, that (exempli gratia, 'for example' accusative am/um-, am/ūm-; instrumental case amunā-, amuyā-; dative case am/uṣmai-, amuṣyai-,etc.) | | | amuṣmin | ind. (locative case sg. of ad/as-) in the other world | | | amuṣya | (genitive case sg. of ad/ac-), of such a one. | | | anuda | See anānud/a-. | | | anudham | (3. plural dh/amanty /anu-) to sprinkle over | | | anurādha | mfn. See anūrādh/a- | | | anvṛdh | cl.6 P. -ṛdh/ati-, to carry out, accomplish | | | apadṝ | Intens.p. apa-d/ardrat- mfn. tearing open | | | apidhānavat | (apidh/āna--) mfn. "having a cover", concealed | | | apyardham | ind. within proximity, near to (genitive case) (see abhy-ardh/as-.) | | | arbudi | m. a serpent like demon (probably equals /arbuda-and arbud/a- m.above, but called /indramedhin- q.v) (in almost every verse) (see ny-/arbudi-.) | | | ard | Ved. cl.6 P. (Imper. 3. plural ṛdantu-; imperfect tense 3. plural /ārdan-) to move, be moved, be scattered (as dust), cl.1 P. ardati- (/ardati-,"to go, move") to dissolve , (Aorist ārdīt- anarda- ) to torment, hurt, kill ; to ask, beg for (accusative) cl.7. ṛṇatti-, to kill : Causal ardayati- (subjunctive ardayāsi-,Imper. 2. sg. ardaya-, imperfect tense /ādayat-,2. sg. ard/ayas-; Aorist ārdidat-,or [after ma-] ardayit- ) to make agitated, stir up, shake vehemently , to do harm, torment, distress etc. (generally used in perf. Pass. p. ardita- q.v), to strike, hurt, kill, destroy Desiderative ardidiṣati- ; [ Latin ardeo.] | | | ardha | m. place, region, country (confer, compare /apy-ardham-, abhy-ardh/a-, parārdh/a-) ; [ Latin ordo; German ort.] | | | ardha | mfn. ardh/a-.. ardh/a- (or n/ima-.. ardh/a- ), one part, the other part | | | ardhacaturtha | mfn. plural (See above 2. ardh/a-tend) three and a half , (jaina- PrakritaddhuTThaSee sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order adhyuṣṭa-.) | | | ardhatṛtiya | mf(ā-)n. pl. (See above, 2. ardh/a-at end) two and a half. | | | aritra | n. (f ā-.) (ar/itra- [ ] or /aritra- [ ]) an oar (confer, compare d/aśāritra-, n/ityār-, ś/atār-, sv-aritr/a-) ; [ Latin aratrum.] | | | asakau | mf. equals asau- (See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ad/as-), only used in connection with yak/aḥ- and yak/ā- (for y/aḥ-and y/ā-) (see ) | | | asau | See ad/as- and amu- - 1. | | | asma | (fr. a-sma-), a pronominal base from which some forms (dative case /asmai-,or asm/ai- ablative asim/āt- locative case asmin-) of id/am- (q.v) are formed | | | aśvamedha | m. the horse-sacrifice (a celebrated ceremony, the antiquity of which reaches back to the Vedic period; the hymns [= ], referring to it, are however of comparatively late origin; in later times its efficacy was so exaggerated, that a hundred such sacrifices entitled the sacrificer to displace indra- from the dominion of svarga-; kings who engaged in it spent enormous sums in gifts to the Brahmans; it is said that the horse was sometimes not immolated, but kept bound during the ceremony) etc., (see arkāśvamedh/a-) | | | atisarga | m. atisarg/am- 1. d/a-, to bid any one farewell | | | ātud | (p. -tud/at-; perf. -tut/oda-; ind.p. -tudya-) to strike, push, spur on, stir up | | | avadāna | n. a great or glorious act, achievement (object of a legend ) (For 2. ava-d/āna-See avado-.) | | | avadhāv | -dh/āvati- to run down drop down from (ablative) | | | avadhra | See a-vadh/a-. | | | avadhya | See a-vadh/a-. | | | ayam | this one. See id/am-. | | | ayoddhṛ | m(Nominal verb ddh/ā-)fn. idem or 'mfn. unconquerable ' , not fighting. | | | baddhavatsa | (baddh/a--) mfn. (a cow) whose calf has been tied up (in the stable) | | | baddhavīra | (baddh/a--) mfn. one whose heroes or retainers have been bound | | | bhandadiṣṭi | mfn. (prob.) hastening along with shouts and yells (said of the marut-s) (see krand/ad-iṣṭi-). | | | bhū | cl.1 P. () bh/avati- (rarely A1. te-; perfect tense babh/ūva-,2. Persian /ūtha-or ūvitha- confer, compare ; babhūyās-, y/ār-, babhūtu- ; A1. babhūve-or bubhūve- ; confer, compare below; Aorist /abhūt-, ūvan-; imperative bodh/i-[ confer, compare budh-], bhūtu- ; Aorist or imperfect tense /abhuvat-, bh/uvat-, bhuvāni- ; preceding bhūyāsam-,2. 3. sg. yās- ; bhūyāt- ; bhūyiṣṭhās- ; bhaviṣāt-[?] ; abhaviṣṭa-, bhaviṣīṣta-. grammar; future bhaviṣy/ati-, Epic also te-and 2. plural ṣyadhvam-; bhavitā- etc.; infinitive mood bhuv/e-, -bhv/e-, bhūṣ/aṇi- ; bhavitum-, tos- ; ind.p. bhūtv/ā-; bhūtv/ī- ; -bh/ūya- etc.; -bh/ūyam-, -bh/avam- ), to become, be (with nom, or adverb or indeclineable words ending in ī-or ū- confer, compare kṛṣṇī-bhū-etc.) , arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur etc. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms;with a fut.p. =to be going or about to exempli gratia, 'for example' anuvakṣyan bhavati-,he is going to recite ;the future of bhū-with a perfect tense parasmE-pada =a future perfect tense exempli gratia, 'for example' kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi-,you will have done ;the perfect tense P. babhūva-after the syllable ām-is put for the perfect tense of verbs of the 10th classetc.[ confer, compare 1. as-and1. kṛ-];the A1.appears in this meaning ;observe also bhavati-with a future tense, it is possible that, exempli gratia, 'for example' bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati-,it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed ; bhavet-,may be, granted, admitted on ; bhavatu- idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ',well, good, enough of this ; iticed bhavet-,if this question should be asked ; kva tad bhavati-,what is to become of this, it is quite useless ;with na-= to cease to exist, perish, die etc.;with iha na-,not to be born on earth ;with śata-dhā-,to fall into a hundred pieces ;with dūrataḥ-,to keep aloof. ;with manasi-or cetasi-and genitive case,to occur to the mind of any one ; idem or ' bhusukha-or bhusura- m. Name of a yogin- ' with genitive case alone ) ; to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (confer, compare"esse alicujus";with genitive case,rarely dative case or locative case according to to also with pari-or prati-and preceding accusative) etc. ; to be on the side of, assist (with genitive case or -tas-) (confer, compare ) ; to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dative case of thing) etc. (with phalāya-.to bear fruit ) ; to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with locative case) ; to thrive or prosper in (instrumental case), turn out well, succeed ; to be of consequence or useful ; (also A1. ) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain ; (with id/am-) to obtain it id est be successful or fortunate : Passive voice bhūyate- (or ti- ; Aorist abhāvi-) sometimes used impersonal or used impersonally exempli gratia, 'for example' yair bhaviṣyate-, by whom it will be existed id est who will be : Causal bhāvayati- (rarely te-; Aorist abībhavat- grammar; infinitive mood bhāvitum- ; Passive voice bhāvyate-etc. ), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create ; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further etc. ; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (accusative) ; to subdue, control ; (also A1. ) to obtain ; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray ; to purify ; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two accusative) etc. ; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume (confer, compare bhāvita-,): Desiderative of Causal bibhāvayiṣati- (), to wish to cause to be etc. : Desiderative b/ubhūṣati- (te-), to wish or strive to become or be etc. ; (with kṣipram-), to strive to be quickly possessed ; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed ; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour ; to want to take revenge : Intens, b/obhavīti-, bobhavati-, bobhoti-, bobhūyate-, to be frequently, to be in the habit of ; to be transformed into (accusative) ; (with tiraḥ-), to keep anything (instrumental case) secret [ confer, compare Zend bu1; Greek , ; Latin fuit,fuatetc.; Slavonic or Slavonian byti; Lithuanian bu4ti; German bim,bim; Anglo-Saxon beo4; English be.] | | | bhuji | f. (for 2.See column 3) clasping, enfolding (others"sweeping") (see d/aśa--and śat/a-bhuji-). | | | budbudayāśu | (d/a--) mfn. one whose semen is a (mere) bubble impotent | | | buddhavat | (buddh/a--) mfn. containing a form of budh- | | | budh | cl.1 P. A1. () bodhati-, te- ; cl.4 A1. b/udhyate- (Epic also P. ti-; perfect tense P. bubodha- ; subjunctive b/ubodhati- ; A1. bubudh/e-, parasmE-pada bubudhān/a- ; Aorist P. subjunctive bodhiṣat- ; imperative bodhi- ; A1.3 plural abudhram-, ran-; parasmE-pada budhān/a- subjunctive budh/anta- ; abhutsi- ; preceding A1. bhutsīṣṭa- ; future bhotsyati-, te- etc.; boddhā- grammar; ind.p. buddhvā- ; -budhya- etc.; infinitive mood b/udhe- ; budh/i- ; boddhum- etc.) , to wake, wake up, be awake etc. ; to recover consciousness (after a swoon) (Aorist Passive voice abodhi-) ; to observe, heed, attend to (with accusative or genitive case) ; to perceive, notice, learn, understand, become or be aware of or acquainted with etc. ; to think of id est present a person ("with" instrumental case) ; to know to be, recognize as (with two accusative) etc. ; to deem, consider or regard as (with two accusative) : Passive voice budhyate- (Aorist abodhi-), to be awakened or restored to consciousness ; See above: Causal bodh/ayati-, te- (Aorist abūbudhat-; Passive voice bodhyate-), to wake up, arouse, restore to life or consciousness etc. ; to revive the scent (of a perfume) ; to cause (a flower) to expand ; to cause to observe or attend, admonish, advise etc. ; to make a person acquainted with, remind or inform of. impart or communicate anything to (with two accusative) etc.: Desiderative bubhutsati-, te- (grammar also bubodhiṣati-, te-,and bubudhiṣati-, te-), to wish to observe, desire to become acquainted with : Desiderative of Causal See bibodhayiṣu- and bubodhayiṣu-: Intensive bobudhīti- (grammar also bobudhyate-, boboddhi-), to have an insight into, understand thoroughly (with accusative) [ confer, compare Zend bud; Greek for () in, Slavonic or Slavonian bu8de8ti,bu8dru8; Lithuanian bude4ti,budru4s; Gothic biudan; German biotan,bieten; Anglo-Saxon be4odan; English bid.] | | | cana | ind. (ca n/a- ) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force;a preceding verb is accentuated[ ];in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other negative particle, whereas in the later language another negative is usually added exempli gratia, 'for example' /āpaś can/apr/a minanti vrat/aṃ vāṃ-,"not even the waters violate your ordinance" ; n/āha vivyāca pṛthiv/ī can/āinaṃ-,"the earth even does not contain him", iii, 36, 4;in class. Sanskrit it is only used after the interrogatives k/a-, katar/a-, katam/a-, katham-, k/ad-, kad/ā-, kim-, k/utas-, kva-,making them indefinite) etc. also | | | cāturmāsya | n. plural Name of the 3 sacrifices performed at the beginning of the 3 seasons of 4 months (viz. vaiśvadev/am-, varuṇa-praghās/āḥ-, sākam-edh/āḥ-) etc. | | | chad | cl.1. dati-, to cover (varia lectio): Causal (or cl.10) chād/ayati- (once ch/ad- ; chand-[fr.1. chand-] ; Epic also A1. perfect tense chādayāṃ- cakre- ; parasmE-pada yāna- ), to cover, cover over, clothe, veil etc. ; to spread as a cover ; to cover one's self. ; to hide, conceal, keep secret ; to protect () : Causal Desiderative cicchādayiṣati- Va1rtt. 2 ; ([ see Gothscadus.]) | | | chad | or 2. chand- cl.10. chad/ayati- (also te-= arc- [ varia lectio, ti-]; subjunctive yat- ;2. plural yātha-, ), chandayati- (twice cl.1. ch/andati-[ equals arcati- ] ; A1.[ subjunctive yāte-] ; Aorist acacchadat- ; acchān- ;2. plural nta-, ;3. plural ntsur-, ; subjunctive chantsat-[ ] ;2. sg. tsi-, ; perf. cacchanda-, ; Potential cacchadyāt-, ) to seem, appear, be considered as ; to seem good, please (with dative case) ; (with acc,) (see ) ; A1. to be pleased with, delight in (accusative or locative case) ; chandayati-, to gratify any one (accusative;exceptionally genitive case ) with anything (instrumental case, especially vareṇa-,"with a boon" ) ; to try to seduce any one (accusative) | | | citra | n. see a- and, su-citr/a-, d/ānu--, vi-- | | | coda | mfn. animating, inspiring, promoting (see radhracod/a-.) | | | codapravṛddha | (d/a--) mfn. exalted by the inspiring (draught of soma-), | | | codas | See a-cod/as-. | | | codayanmati | mfn. (fr. d/ayat-, parasmE-pada cud-, Causal) promoting devotion | | | cud | cl.1. c/odati-, te- (subjunctive c/odat-; imperative da-, data-, dasva-,(2. dual number) dethām-; Aorist 2. sg. codīs-; pr. p. See a-cod/at-), to impel, incite, animate ; to bring or offer quickly (as the soma-) ; A1. to hasten : Causal cod/ayati-, rarely te- (subjunctive 2. sg. yāsi-, yāse-; Aorist acūcudat- ; parasmE-pada cod/ayat-;Pan. codyamāna-), to sharpen, whet (confer, compare ) ; ; to impel, incite, cause to move quickly, accelerate etc. ; (with cakṣus-) to direct (the eye) towards (locative case) ; to inspire, excite, animate ; to request, petition, ask, urge on, press or importune with a request etc. ; help on, assist in the attainment of (dative case) ; to bring or offer quickly, ; to ask for ; to inquire after ; to enjoin, fix, settle ; to object, criticise ; to be quick ; ([ confer, compare , ; Latin cudo.]) | | | dā | cl.3. d/adāti- (plural dati- etc.; A1. datte- ;1. sg. dadmi- ; imperative d/adātu- plural dahu-;2. sg. daddh/i- ; deh/i-[ ] ;2. plural d/adāta- , tana- , datt/a- etc.;2. dual number tt/am- etc.; Potential dady/āt- etc.; imperfect tense /adadāt-; plural /adadur- ;2. dual number /adattam- etc.;2. plural ttana-, , /adadāta- ; subjunctive d/adat- , das- dan- parasmE-pada m. Nominal verb sg. d/adat- plural tas- etc.; parasmE-pada A1. d/adāna-, ; n/a-, ; sg. dadati-, ; plural danti-, ; imperative da-, ; data- ; Potential det- ; imperfect tense /adadat- ; A1. sg. d/adate- ; plural dante-, ; imperative sg. datām- ; dasva- etc.; imperfect tense plural /adadanta- ; parasmE-pada d/adamāna- ; Aorist /adāt-[ ], dat-, /adur-, d/ur-etc.; subjunctive 2. dual number dāsathas- [ confer, compare ]; Potential 1. plural deṣma- ; perfect tense dad/au-, d/ur-, d/athur-, datur-, d/o- etc.; Passive voice d/e-, ; dadade-, dāte-, dire- ; parasmE-pada genitive case dad/uṣas- , ṣām- ; Nominal verb dv/ān-, ; dāvan- ; accusative div/āṃsam-, [ confer, compare ]; future parasmE-pada dāsy/at- ; A1. syate-, syante-,1. sg. sye- ; preceding deyāt- ; infinitive mood dāv/ane- ; d/ātos-, ; tave-, ; d/ātav/ai-[ ] ; tum-, etc.: ind.p. dattv/āya-[ ] ; ttv/ā- etc.; -d/āya-[ ] etc.: Passive voice dīyate-[ ]; parasmE-pada y/amāna- ; Aorist adāyi- ; preceding dāsīṣṭa-, dāyis-, ) cl.1. d/āti- (; imperative tu-, ; confer, compare Va1rtt. 3 ) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dative case,in later language also genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to give (a daughter, kanyām-) in marriage etc. ; to hand over ; (with haste-) ; to give back, ; to pay (daṇḍam-,"a fine"; ṛṇam-,"a debt", ) ; to give up, cede (āsanam-,"one's seat") ; (panthānam-or mārgam-,"to give up the road, allow to pass") and ; to sell (with instrumental case of the price), ; to sacrifice (ātmānam-,"one's self."; āt- khedāya-,"to give one's self up to grief", ) ; to offer (an oblation etc.) etc. ; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas- ), give (answer, prati-vacas-, canam-, praty-uttaram- etc.), speak (satyaṃ vacas-,the truth, ; vacam-,to address a speech to [ dative case ] ) ; to permit, allow (with infinitive mood) ; to permit sexual intercourse ; to place, put, apply (in med.) etc. ; to add ; with varam-,"to grant a boon" etc. ; śoham-,"to cause grief", ; avakāśam-,"to give room or space, allow to enter" etc. ; prāṇān- or jīvitam-,"to spare any one's life" ; talam- or lān-, to slap with the palms of the hands ; la-prahāram-, to strike with the palm tālam-, to beat time with the hands ; saṃjñām-, to make a sign ; saṃketakam-, to make an appointment samayam-, to propose an agreement ; upamām-, to compare with [ genitive case ] ; paṭaham-, to proclaim with the drum ; śabdam-, to make a noise, call out ; śāpam-, to utter a curse etc. ; gāīh-. idem or 'm. fire ' ; anuyātram-, to accompany ; āliṅganane-, parirambhaṇam-, to embrace, ; jhampam-, to jump ; śrāddham-, to perform a śrāddha- ; vratakam-, to accomplish a vow ; yuddham-, niy-, saṃgrāmam-, to give battle, fight with ; ājñām- ādeśam-, to give an order, command, ; saṃdeśam-, to give information ; prayogam-, to give a dramatic representation vṛtim-, to fence in ; darśanam-, to show one's self ; dṛṣṭim-, dṛśam-, akṣi-, caksus-, to fix the eyes on (locative case) ; karṇam-, to give ear, listen ; manas-, to direct the mind to (locative case) ; kars- kapolam-, to rest the cheek on the hand ; nigaḍāni- to put on or apply fetters pāvakam-, to set on fire ; agnīn- to consume by fire ; śāram-, to move a chess-man ; argalam-, to draw a bolt, bar ; jānu-, to kneel upon (genitive case) ; padam-, to tread upon [loc.] ; to direct the steps ; viṣam-, to poison (with accusative !) ; garam- idem or 'm. fire ' (with genitive case) ; -- A1. to carry, hold, keep, preserve ; to show (Aorist adadiṣṭa-; aded-fr. diś- ) : Causal dāpayati- (; Aorist adīdapat-, ) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore etc. ; to demand from (ablative) ; to cause to utter or speak ghoṣaṇām-, to cause to be made known ; to cause to place or advance, ; to cause to perform, to cause to be put on (locative case) : Desiderative d/itsati- (; parasmE-pada d/idāsat- ; d/itsat-, ; Potential tseyam- ; perfect tense 2. sg. didāsitha- ; confer, compare ) to wish to give, be ready to bestow etc. ; to wish to give in marriage etc.: Intensive dedīyate- ; ([ confer, compare ; Latin do;etc.]) | | | dā | m. a giver (dative case d/e-) (Nominal verb d/ās-) | | | dā | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "giving, granting" See an-aśva--, a-bhikṣa--, aśva--, ātma--, etc. -d/ā- | | | da | mf(ā-)n. (1. dā-) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' () giving, granting, offering, effecting, producing (exempli gratia, 'for example' abhīṣṭa--,"giving any desired object"; gaja-vāji-vṛddhi--,"promoting the welfare of elephants and horses") etc. (see agni--; a-doma-d/a-; anna--, artha--, garbha--, janma--etc.) | | | da | mfn. (4. da--) in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See ṛśya-d/a-. | | | da | equals d/at- see a-panna--, panna-- | | | da | n. a wife (derived fr. d/am-patī-) | | | dabh | or dambh- cl.1. (subjunctive d/abhat-and bhāti- ; plural bhanti-, , bhan-, and ; Potential bheyam- and cl.5.) dabhn/oti- ("to go"; imperative nuhi- ; see A1., Passive voice dabhyate- ; perfect tense dadābha-, ; d/ambha-[ ] ; plural debhur-[ Va1rtt. 4 ] ;also dadambhur-and 2.sg. debhitha-or dadambhitha- ; Aorist plural dadabhanta- ; adambhiṣur- ) to hurt, injure, destroy ; to deceive, abandon : Causal (subjunctive and p. damebh/ayat-;2. sg. yas-, ya-) to destroy ; dambhayati- or dābh-, to impel ; dambkayate-, to accumulate, : Desiderative d/ipsati- (subjunctive [ ] and parasmE-pada d/ipsat-) to intend to injure or destroy ; dhips-, dhīps-, didambhiṣati- Pa1n2. 7-2, 49 and 4, 56 (i, 2, 10 ) | | | dad | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See āyurd/ad-. | | | dadāyudha | See d/at-. | | | dadhan | See 2. d/adhi-. | | | dadhi | n. (replaced in the weakest forms by dh/an-[ ] : instrumental case etc. dhn/ā- dhn/e-, dhn/as-; locative case dhani- dhni-,[ in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' ] ) coagulated milk, thick sour milk (regarded as a remedy;differing from curds in not having the whey separated from it) etc. | | | dadhibhakṣa | m. food prepared from d/adhi- | | | dadhidhānī | f. a vessel for holding d/adhi- | | | dadhidhenu | f. a cow represented by d/adhi- (offered to priests) | | | dadhidrapsa | m. a globule of thickened d/adhi- | | | dadhighana | m. "thickened d/adhi- ", curds | | | dadhigharma | m. a warm oblation of d/adhi- | | | dadhigraha | m. a cup with d/adhi- | | | dadhigrahapātra | n. the vessel used for taking up d/adhi- | | | dadhija | mfn. produced from or on d/adhi- | | | dadhikulyā | f. a stream of d/adhi- | | | dadhikūrcikā | f. mixture of boiled and d/adhi- milk | | | dadhimantha | m. a beverage obtained by churning d/adhi- (plural) | | | dadhimanthana | n. the churning of d/adhi- | | | dadhipayas | n. dual number d/adhi- and milk | | | dadhiphala | m. Feronia elephantum (its fruit having the acid taste of d/adhi-) | | | dadhipṛṣātaka | Name of a mixture made with d/adhi- | | | dadhipūpaka | m. Name of a cake made of d/adhi- | | | dadhisaktu | m. plural barley-meal with d/adhi-, | | | dadhisamudra | m. the d/adhi- ocean (see -vāri-), | | | dadhivāri | mfn. having d/adhi- as liquid (an ocean) | | | dadhivat | (d/adh-) mfn. prepared with d/adhi- | | | dadhīya | Nom. ( Va1rtt. 3 ; Potential yāt-) to like d/adhi-, () | | | dadhṛṣi | See d/ādh-. | | | dadhyac | m. (Nominal verb -/aṅ- accusative -/añcam-; dative case dhīc/e- genitive case dhīc/as-; see ) "sprinkling d/adhi- " (see dhi-kr/ā-and ghṛtāī-) Name of a mythical ṛṣi- or sacrificer ( and [called aṅgiras-] [ āṅgirasa-] ;son of atharvan-[ see ātharvaṇ/a-] ;having the head of a horse and teaching the aśvin-s to find in tvaṣṭṛ-'s house the m/adhu-or soma- ;favoured by indra- [ ] who slays 99 vṛtra-s or foes with a thunderbolt made of his bones ;propounder of the brāhmaṇa- called m/adhu- ) | | | dadhyanna | n. rice prepared with d/adhi- | | | dadhyāśir | (d/adh-) mfn. mixed with d/adhi- (soma-) | | | dadhyodana | m. ( ) boiled rice mixed with d/adhi- | | | dagdhaputra | (dh/a--) mf(ā-)n. whose son is burnt | | | dagh | cl.5. (Potential ghnuyāt-; preceding 3. sg. ghyās-; Aorist subjunctive 1. plural ghma-) with paśc/ā-, or c/āt-, to fall short of (see /a-pascā-daghvan-) ; with adhas-, to reach below the regular height ; to strike ; to protect (see daṅgh-) : cl.4. d/aghyati-, to go ; to flow ; see ati--, ā-- ; prad/aghas- ; . | | | dah | cl.1.P. dahati- (Epic also A1.; parasmE-pada d/ahati- imperfect tense /adahat-; Aorist adhāk- ; 1 . sg. kṣam- ;3. plural kskur- ; subjunctive dhāk- ;2. sg. dhakṣi-, ; parasmE-pada dh/akṣat-[also Nominal verb m.], d/ahṣat-, ; future dhakṣyati-[ ] [ Potential dhakṣyet-, ] etc.; dahiṣy-, ; infinitive mood dagdhum-) to burn, consume by fire, scorch, roast etc. ; to cauterise ; to consume, destroy completely etc. ; to torment, torture, pain, distress, disturb, grieve etc.: Passive voice dahyate- (ti- ) ; to be burnt, burn, be in flames etc. ; to be consumed by fire or destroyed ; to be inflamed (a wound) ; to be consumed by internal heat or grief, suffer pain, be distressed or vexed etc. ; Causal dāhayati- to burn or be burned etc. ; to cause to be cooked (Aorist plural adīdahan-): Desiderative didhakṣati- (confer, compare kṣā-, kṣu-) to be about to burn or consume or destroy (parasmE-pada kṣamāṇa-): Desiderative Causal (parasmE-pada kṣayat-) to cause any one to make efforts to burn : Intensive dandahīti-, hyate- () to burn or destroy completely (imperative dagdhi-) ; A1. to be burnt completely [ confer, compare Lithuanian degu4,"I am hot"; Gothic dag-s; Old German ta1h-t,"a wick"] | | | dakṣ | cl.1 P. (imperative 2. plural d/akṣatā-) to act to the satisfaction of (dative case ) ; A1. d/akṣate- (parasmE-pada d/akṣamāṇa-; perfect tense dadakṣe-) to be able or strong, ; to grow, increase ; to act quickly ; to go, ; to hurt : Causal dakṣ/ayati- (Aorist adadakṣa-), to make able or strong | | | dakṣa | m. su-d/akṣa- | | | dakṣakratu | m. du kr/ad/u-d/akṣau- | | | dakṣapati | m. (d/akṣ-) lord of the faculties | | | dakṣapitṛ | (d/akṣ-) m. "id."or,"having dadhīca- as father"(mitra- & varuṇa-, the gods etc.), vi-viii (dual number tarā- plural taras-) (plural tāras-) | | | dākṣiṇa | mf(ī-)n. (fr. d/akṣiṇā- f.) belonging or relating to a sacrificial fee | | | dakṣiṇā | ind. (old. instrumental case) on the right or south () , on the right side of or southward from (ablative : ) (also d/akṣ-) | | | dakṣiṇājyotis | (d/akṣ-) mfn. brilliant by the sacrificial gift | | | dakṣiṇāvat | mfn. (d/akṣ-) giving sacrificial presents (indra-, ) | | | dākṣya | n. (fr. d/akṣa-) cleverness, skill, fitness, capability, industry | | | dam | cl.4. dāmyati- (; ind.p. dāntvā-and damitvā-, ; Aorist Passive voice adami-, ;P. mit- ) to be tamed or tranquillised (imperative d/āmyata-) ; to tame, subdue, conquer (ind.p. damitvā-) : cl.9. irreg. (? subjunctive 2. sg. d/anas-) idem or 'mfn. ' : Causal damayati- (parasmE-pada m/ayat-; A1. ) to subdue, overpower ; Desiderative See dān- ; ([ confer, compare , ; Latin domareetc.]) | | | dam | m. p/atir d/an- (genitive case sg.) equals d/am-patis-, | | | dam | m. p/ati d/an- equals d/am-patī-, | | | dam | m. ś/iśur d/an- "a child of the house", | | | dama | m. (or n.) house, home (, Latin domus) (also puru-d/ama- q.v) | | | dambhana | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' "damaging" See am/itra- and sapatna-d/ambh- | | | dampati | m. (d/am--) (=) the lord of the house (agni-, indra-, the aśvin-s) (confer, compare ) | | | dampati | See 2. d/am- | | | daṃś | cl.1. (originally cl.6.) d/aśati- (; A1. ; parasmE-pada d/aśat- etc.; perfect tense dadaṃśa-; plural śur- ; parasmE-pada dadaśv/as- ; future daṅkṣyati- ; daṃṣṭā- ;1. plural daśiṣyāmas- ; Aorist adāṅkṣīt- ; plural ṣur- ; ind.p. daṃṣṭvā- ; cl.1. daṃśati- ) to bite etc.: Causal to cause to bite ; to cause to be bitten by (instrumental case) : Intensive dandaśyate-, śīti- ; dandaṣṭi-, daṃṣṭi- ; parasmE-pada d/andaśāna- (confer, compare ś/ūka-) repeatedly biting : Causal of Intensive (ind.p. dandaśayitvā-) causing to be bitten by (instrumental case) ; ([ confer, compare ; Gothic tahyan.]) | | | daṃsas | n. see puru-- and su-d/aṃsas-. | | | daṃsujūta | (d/aṃsu--) mfn. wonderfully quick, 122, 10. | | | daṃsupatnī | (d/aṃsu--) f. having a powerful lord (see Va1rtt. 1 ) , iv, 19, 7 and (d/aṃsu-p/at-), | | | dan | d/anas- See d/at-, 2. and 1. dam-. | | | dānakāma | (d/ā-) mfn. fond of giving, liberal | | | dānava | m. (fr. 2. d/ānu-) a class of demons often identified with the daitya-s or asura-s and held to be implacable enemies of the gods or deva-s etc. (described as children of danu- and kaśyapa-, sometimes reckoned as 40 in number ;sometimes as 100 etc.) | | | dānavat | (d/ā-) mfn. having or bestowing gifts, liberal | | | danāyū | m. See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order d/anu-. | | | danāyus | y/ū- See d/anu-. | | | daṇḍa | m. (= -v, hence cognate with d/āru-and dṝ-) (n.[ see ikṣu--] gaRa ardharcādi-) a stick, staff, rod, pole, cudgel, club etc. (staff given at investiture with the sacred thread etc.;"penis [with vaitas/a-]", ;"trunk"See śuṇḍā--;"arm"or"leg"See dor--, bāhu--;"tusk"See daṃṣṭrā--) | | | danta | m. (fr. &) equals d/at- etc. (n. ; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',f(ā-).[ ]orf(ī-).[ ] ) | | | dānucitra | (d/ā-) mfn. brilliant with dew or moisture | | | dānumat | (d/ā-) mfn. trickling, fluid | | | dāś | (the finite forms only in and once in See below) cl.1 P. d/āśti-, A1. te- (rarely cl.2.5. P. dāṣṭi-, ; dāśn/oti-, [the latter also = dās-]; perfect tense dad/āsa-, ; subjunctive d/adāśati-, śas-, śat-, ; parasmE-pada dadāśv/as-[ dative case ś/uṣe-, ], dāśiv/as-[only ] and dāśv/as-[see below]), to serve or honour a god (dative case or accusative) with (instrumental case), ; offer or present (accusative) to (dative case), grant, give, bestow, : Causal P. dāśayati-, offer, present [ confer, compare daśasya-,and Greek in -a-, -a-.] | | | das | cl.1.4. (parasmE-pada d/asamāna-; imperfect tense plural adasyan-) to suffer want, become exhausted () ; equals upa-- kṣip- : Causal A1. (1. sg. saye-; subjunctive plural sayanta-) to exhaust, ; see apa--, upa--, anūpa--, pra--, vi-- ; saṃ-dadasv/as-, draviṇo-d/as- ; | | | dāsa | m. savage, barbarian, infidel (also d/āsa-, opp. to ārya-; see dasyu-) | | | daśabhuji | (d/aś-) mfn. equals -guṇa- | | | daśadyu | (d/aś-) m. Name of a man favoured by indra- | | | daśagra | (d/aś-) m. "Decimus", Name of an aṅgiras- (plural) his family (named with that of nava-gva-; worshipping indra-) | | | daśakakṣya | (d/asu-) mfn. having 10 girths | | | daśamāsya | mfn. (d/aś-) 10 months old (the child just before birth; see /a--) | | | daśamāya | (d/aś-) mfn. having 10 tricks | | | daśan | plural (gaRa svasr-ādi- ) ten (Nominal verb accusative d/aśa- etc.; instrumental case [ d/aśa-, ] daś/abhis- locative case s/asu- etc.;both forms & śabhyas-in Class. also oxyt. ) | | | daśapakṣa | (d/aś-) mf(ā-)n. having 10 side posts | | | daśapramati | (d/as-) mfn. (agni-) taken care of by the 10 (fingers) | | | daśaratha | mfn. (d/aś-) having 10 chariots | | | dāśarātrika | (d/ā-) mf(ī-)n. celebrated in the same manner as the daśa-rātra- | | | daśarṣabha | (d/aś-) mf(ā-)n. consisting of 10 (ṛṣ-) bulls | | | daśaśākha | (d/aś-) mfn. having 1000 fingers | | | daśaśala | (d/aś-), a distance of 10 śala-s | | | daśaśipra | (d/aś-) m. Name of a man, , | | | daśaśīrṣa | mfn. (d/aś-) ten-headed | | | daśavīra | (d/aś-) mfn. granting 10 men | | | daśavraja | (d/aś-) m. "having 10 cow-sheds", Name of a man | | | daśayantra | mfn. (d/aś-) equals śābhīśu- | | | daśayojana | mfn. (d/aś-) 10 times fastened | | | daśayoktra | (d/aś-) mfn. having 10 girths, . | | | dasyu | m. ( das-) enemy of the gods (exempli gratia, 'for example' ś/ambara-, ś/uṣṇa-, c/umuri-, dh/uni-;all conquered by indra-, agni-, etc.), impious man (called a-śraddh/a-, a-yajñ/a-, /a-yajyu-, /a-pṛnat-, a-vrat/a-, anya-vrata-, a-karm/an-), barbarian (called a-n/ās-,or an-/ās-"ugly-faced", /adhara-,"inferior", /a-mānuṣa-,"inhuman"), robber (called dhan/in-) etc. | | | dasyu | m. see tras/o-- (d/asyave v/ṛka- m."wolf to the dasyu-", Name of a man ; d/asyave s/ahas- n.violence to the dasyu- (Name of turvīti-), ) | | | dasyujūta | (d/as-) mfn. instigated by dasyu-s | | | dat | m. (taking the form d/anta-in the strong cases ) a tooth (Nominal verb d/an-, ) | | | dattravat | (d/att-) mfn. rich in gifts, . | | | davīyas | ind. dūr/ād d/av- farthest away | | | davīyas | ind. d/avīyasi p/aras-, in a more remote time | | | day | cl.1 A1. d/ayate- (parasmE-pada d/ayamāna- etc.; Aorist adayiṣṭa-. ; perfect tense yāṃ cakre- ) to divide, impart, allot (with genitive case, ; accusative ) ; to partake, possess ; to divide asunder, destroy, consume ; to take part in, sympathize with, have pity on (accusative, ; genitive case ) ; to repent ; to go : Causal (Potential dayayet-) to have pity on (genitive case) : Intensive dandayyate-, dād- ; see ava--, nir-ava--, vi--. | | | dha | mf(ā-)n. bestowing, granting, causing etc. (see a-doma-dh/a-, garbha-dh/a-) | | | dhā | f. in 2. tiro-dh/ā- | | | dha | n. dur-dh/ā- (qq. vv.) | | | dhā | cl.3 P. A1. d/adhāti-, dhatt/e- etc. (P. dual number dadhv/as-, dhatth/as-, dhatt/as-[ ]; plural dadhm/asi-or m/as-, dhatth/a-, dādhati-; imperfect tense /adadhāt- plural dhur-, plural /adhatta-or /adadhāta- ; subjunctive d/adhat-or dhāt-[ ], dhas-, dhatas-, dhan-; Potential dadhy/āt-; imperative dādhātu- plural dhatu-;2. sg. dheh/i-[fr. dhaddhi-; confer, compare ] or dhattāt- ;2. plural dhatt/a-, , dhattana-, , d/adhāta-, ,or tana-, [ confer, compare ]; parasmE-pada d/adhat-, ti- m. plural tas-; A1.1. sg. dadh/e-[at once3. sg. equals dhatt/e- and= perfect tense A1.],2. sg. dh/atse-, or dhats/e- dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-;2. plural dhidhv/e-[ confer, compare perfect tense ];3. plural d/adhate- ; imperfect tense /adhatta-, tthās-; subjunctive d/adhase-, [ ]; Potential d/adhīta- dadhīt/a-, ; imperative 2. sg. dhatsva-, or dadhiṣva-, ;2. plural dhaddhvam-[ ]or dadhidhvam- ,etc.;3. pl. dadhatām- ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-) ; rarely cl.1 P. A1. dadhati-, te- ; only thrice cl.2 P. dh/āti- ; and once cl.4 A1. Potential dhāyeta- (pf.P. dadh/au-, dh/ātha-, dhatur-, dhim/ā-, dhur- etc.; A1. dadh/e-[ confer, compare proper ], dadhiṣ/e-or dhiṣe- ;2.3. dual number dadh/āthe-, dh/āte-,2. pl. dadhidhv/e-[ confer, compare proper ];3. plural dadhir/e-, dadhre-, ,or dhire-, ; parasmE-pada d/adhāna-[ confer, compare proper ]; Aorist P. /adhāt-, dh/āt-, dh/ās-; adh/ur-, dh/ur- etc.; Potential dheyām-, yur-; dhetana- ; 2. sg. dhāyīs- ; imperative dh/ātu-[ confer, compare ];2. plural dh/āta-or tana-,3. plural dhāntu- ; A1. adhita-, thās-, adhītām-, adhīmahi-, dhīmahi-, dhimahe-, dhāmahe- ;3. sg. ahita-, hita- ; subjunctive dh/ethe- , dhaithe-, ; imperative dhiṣv/ā-, ; P. adhat- ; dhat- ; P. dhāsur- subjunctive sathas-and satha- ; A1. adhiṣi-, ṣata- ; Potential dhiṣīya- [ ]; dheṣīya- ; future dhāsyati-, te-or dhātā- etc.; infinitive mood dh/ātum- etc.;Ved. also tave-, tav/ai-, tos-; dhiy/adhyai- ;Class. also -dhitum-; ind.p. dhitv/ā- ; hitvā-[ ], -dh/āya-and -dh/ām- : Passive voice dhīy/ate- etc.[ ] , p. dhīy/amāna- ; Aorist /adhāyi-, dh/āyi- [ ]; preceding dhāsīṣṭa-or dhāyiṣīṣṭa-[ ]) to put, place, set, lay in or on (locative case) etc. etc. (with daṇḍam-,to inflict punishment on [with locative case ,with genitive case ];with tat-padavyām padam-,to put one's foot in another's footstep id est imitate, equal ) ; to take or bring or help to (locative case or dative case;with ār/e-,to remove) ; (A1.) to direct or fix the mind or attention (cintām-, manas-, matim-, samādhim-etc.) upon, think of (locative case or dative case), fix or resolve upon (locative case dative case accusative with prati-or a sentence closed with iti-) ; to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to (locative case dative case or genitive case) etc. (Passive voice to be given or granted, fall to one's [dat.] lot or share ) ; to appoint, establish, constitute ; to render (with double accusative) ; to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute etc. (Aorist with pūrayām-, mantrayām-, varayām-etc. equals pūrayām-etc. cakāra-) ; to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) etc. ; (A1.) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), get, take (with /okas-or c/anas-,to take pleasure or delight in [loc. or dative case ]) ; to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo : Causal -dhāpayati- (See antar-dhā-, śrad-dhā-etc.) : Desiderative dh/itsati-, te- () , to wish to put in or lay on (locative case) (Class. Passive voice dhitsyate-; dhitsya-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) ; d/idhiṣati-, te-, to wish to give or present ; (A1.) to wish to gain, strive after (parasmE-pada d/idhiṣāṇa-, ) : with avady/am-, to bid defiance (confer, compare didhiṣ/āyya-, didhiṣ/u-): Intensive dedhīyate- [ confer, compare Zend da1,dadaiti; Greek ,; Lithuanian dedu4,de4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian dedja,diti; Old Saxon duan,do7n, Anglo-Saxon do7n,Engl.do; German tuan;tuon,thun.] | | | dhā | f. instrumental case (= Nominal verb) perhaps in the suffix dhā- (which forms adverbs from numerals exempli gratia, 'for example' eka-dh/ā-, dv/i-dhā-etc.) | | | dhakṣat | and dh/akṣu- mfn. ( dah-) equals d/akṣat- and dākṣu- | | | dham | or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te- ; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas- ; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire- ; Aorist adhmāsīt- ; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati- ; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya- ) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma- ]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument) etc. ; to blow into (locative case) ; to breathe out, exhale ; to kindle a fire by blowing ; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing etc. ; to blow or cast away : Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- ( ) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati- (Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate- ) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder : Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate- ; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell) [ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"] | | | dhan | cl.3 P. dadh/anti-. () to cause to run or move quickly (parasmE-pada dadh/anat-, dadhanv/as-; Potential dadhanyur- ) ; to bear fruit : Causal dhanayati-, te-, to cause to move or run ; to move or run (see dhanv-and dh/aniṣṭha-). | | | dhanadhānī | (dh/ana--) f. receptacle for valuable articles | | | dhanakāma | (dh/ana-.) mfn. desirous of wealth, covetous | | | dhānāntarvat | (dh/ānānt-or dhānānt-), m. Name of a gandharva- | | | dhanapati | m. (dh/ana--) lord of wealth (with or scilicet dhanānām-) | | | dhanasāti | (dh/ana--) f. acquisition of wealth | | | dhanu | f. (dh/anu-,or dhan/ū-) a dry sandbank, a sandy shore ([ confer, compare English bight, German Bucht]) (Nominal verb n/ūs-). | | | dhanva | n. equals dh/anvan- (; especially at the beginning and at the end of compound; see iṣu--, tisṛ--, priya--.;alsof(ā-).in dhanvābhis- varia lectio vībhis-) | | | dhārapūta | (dh/ā-) mfn. pure as a stream of water (āditya-s) | | | dharītu | See dur-dh/arītu-. | | | dharma | m. (rarely n. gaRa ardharcādi-;the older form of the is dh/arman- q.v) that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, ordinance, law | | | dharma | m. virtue, morality, religion, religious merit, good works ( dharmeṇa dh/armeṇa- ind.or dharmāt māt- ind.according to right or rule, rightly, justly, according to the nature of anything; see below; dharmesthita mesthita- mfn.holding to the law, doing one's duty) etc. | | | dharmaka | mfn. in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' = dh/arma-1 | | | dharman | n. (older than dh/arma- q.v,in later language mostly in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound'; see below) support, prop, hold | | | dharman | n. practice, custom, mode, manner (dh/armaṇā-, mabhis-; maṇas p/ari-in regular order, naturally; svāya dhar maṇe-at one's own pleasure; dharmaṇi-with the permission of, /adhi dh-against the will of [gen.]) | | | dharmapati | (dh/arma--) m. the lord or guardian of law and order | | | dharmavat | (dh/arma-) mfn. accompanied by dharman- or the law (aśvin-s), | | | dhartu | See dur-dh/artu-. | | | dhātu | m. constituent part, ingredient (especially [ and in only] in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',where often ="fold" exempli gratia, 'for example' tri-dh/ātu-,threefold etc.; see triviṣṭi--, sapta--, su--) etc. | | | dhāv | cl.1 P. A1. dh/āvati-, te- (perfect tense dadhāva-, ve- grammar; Aorist adadhāvat- ; adhāvīt- ; preceding dhāvyāsam- grammar; future dhāviṣyati- , te-and dhāvitā- grammar; ind.p. dhāvitvā-and vya- ; dhautvA grammar) ; to run, flow, stream, move, glide, swim etc. ; to run after (with or scilicet paścāt-) etc. = seek for (accusative) ; run towards (-abhimukham-) run a race (ājim-) run as fast as possible (sarvaṃ javam-) ; run to and fro (itaś cetaś ca-) ; run away, flee ; to advance or rush against (accusative) ; (prati-) : Causal dhāv/ayati- (Aorist adīdhavat- grammar) to make run, impel ; to drive in a chariot, (with instrumental case of the vehicle and accusative of the way) ; to jump, dance (see 2. dhan-, dhanv-, dhav-;1. dhū-.) | | | dhava | m. (accent. only ;said by some to be fr. dhū-,but more probably a secondary formation fr. vi-dh/avā- q.v) a man | | | dhe | cl.1 P. () dh/ayati- etc. (perfect tense dadhau-,3. plural dh/ur- ; Aorist -adhāt- ; adhāsīt-or adadhat- ; preceding dheyāt-, ; future dhāsyati- , dhātā- grammar; dative case infinitive mood dh/ātave- ; ind.p. dhītv/ā-and -dh/īya- ; -dhāya- grammar) to suck, drink, suck or drink in, take to one's self, absorb, appropriate etc. etc.: Passive voice dhīyate- grammar : Causal dhāp/ayāte- (confer, compare Va1rtt. 1 ) to give suck, nourish ; ti- (confer, compare anu-- dhe-) ; Aorist adīdhapat- grammar : Desiderative dhitsati- : Intensive dedhīyate-, dādheti-, and dādhāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fe1-lare; Gothic dadd-jan; German ta1-an,ta1-jan.]) | | | dhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (; A1. Potential dhareran- ), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu- ]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e- etc.; Aorist adhāram- ; adhṛta-, dhṛthās- ; /adīdharat- etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta- ;3. plural rata- ]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati- ; ṣy/e- ; dhartā- ; infinitive mood dhartum- , tavai- [ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya- ) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case) etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to) ; to present to (genitive case) ; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case) ; A1. to be ready or prepared for ; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case) (confer, compare ) ; to prolong (in pronunciation) ; to quote, cite ; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-) etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case) (also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow ; (with raśmīn-[ ] or praharān-[ ]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty ; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control ; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance ; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly ; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember ; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact (Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady etc. ; continue living, exist, remain etc. (also dhāryate- ) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood) : Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate- ; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-) : Intensive d/ardharti- () and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati- ; confer, compare ) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.] | | | dhṛṣ | cl.5 P. dhṛṣṇ/oti- etc. ; cl.1 P. dh/arṣati- (parasmE-pada dhṛṣ/at-, ṣ/amāṇa- ; ṣāṇ/a-. ; perf. dadh/arṣa- etc.;3. plural dādhṛṣur- ; subjunctive dadharṣat-, ṣati-, ṣīt- ; dadhṛṣate-, ṣanta- ; parasmE-pada dadhṛṣv/as- ; Aorist adhṛṣas- , adhaṣiṣur- ; future dharṣiṣyati-, ṣitā- grammar; ind.p. -dhṛṣya- ; infinitive mood -dh/ṛṣas-, ṣi- ), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud ; to dare or venture (infinitive mood in tum- ) ; to dare to attack, treat with indignity (accusative) ; to surpass (?) : Causal dharṣayati- (; Aorist adīdhṛṣat-,or adadharṣat- grammar) to venture on attacking ; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome : Desiderative didharṣiṣati-: Intensive darīdhṛṣyate- or darīdharṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend dareS; Greek , ; literally dristu; Gothic ga-dars, Anglo-Saxon dors-te, Engl. durs-t.]) | | | dhū | cl.5 P. A1. dhūn/oti-, nut/e- ; dhunoti-, nute- etc. ; cl.6 P. () dhuvati- (confer, compare ni--; Potential dhūvet- ) ; cl.9 P. A1. () Potential dhunīyāt- ; parasmE-pada A1. dhunāna- ; cl.1 P. () dhavati- ; cl.2 A1., 3. plural dhuvate- (dhunv/ate-?) ; parasmE-pada dhuvān/a- (perfect tense dudhāva- , dhuve- ; dudhuvīta-and dūdhot- : Aorist adhūṣṭa-,3. plural ṣata- ; adhoṣṭa-, adhaviṣṭa-; adhauṣīt-, adhāvīt- grammar; future dhaviṣyati-, te- etc.; dhoṣyati-, te-, dhotā-& dhavitā- grammar; ind.p. dhūtvā- , -dh/ūya- etc.; infinitive mood dhavitum- grammar) to shake, agitate, cause to tremble etc. ; to shake down from (exempli gratia, 'for example' fruits [ accusative ] from a tree [ accusative ]) ; (oftener A1.) to shake off, remove, liberate one's self from (accusative) etc. ; to fan, kindle (a fire) etc. ; to treat roughly, hurt, injure, destroy ; to strive against, resist : Passive voice dhūy/ate- etc. (parasmE-pada dhūyat- ): Causal dhāvayati- () and dhūnayati- (See dhūna-): Desiderative dudhūṣati-, te- grammar ; Intensive dodhavīti- (parasmE-pada dodhuvat d/avidhvat- ) ; dodhūyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna-and yat- ; so shake or move violently (trans. and intr.) ; to shake off or down ; to fan or kindle. [ confer, compare dhav-and dhāv-; Greek , .] | | | dī | (dīdī-or dīdi-). cl.3 P. 3. plural dīdyati- (imperative dīdihi-and didīh/i- ; imperfect tense /adīdet- ; perfect tense dīdāya-or() dīdaya-; dīd/etha-, didiyus- ; subjunctive dīd/ayati-, yat- ; d/īdayat- ; dīdāyat- ; dīdayante- ; preceding dīdyāsam- ; parasmE-pada Pres. P. d/īdiat- A1. d/īdiāna-, parasmE-pada perfect tense dīv/as-) to shine, be bright ; to shine forth, excel, please, be admired ; bestow upon (locative case or dative case) by shining | | | doman | n. (2. du-) pain, inconvenience (See a-doma-d/a-and dh/a-). | | | dṝ | cl.9 P. dṛṇāti- Potential -dṛṇīyāt- ; cl.2 P. 2. sg. subjunctive d/arṣi-, 2. 3. sg. d/art- imperfect tense 2. sg. adar- (perfect tense dad/āra-,[2. sg. dadaritha- plural dadrur-or dadarur-, ] Aorist adarat-[Ved. adārīt-] ; subjunctive P. darṣasi-, d/arṣat-; A1. darṣate-; Potential ṣīṣṭa- ; preceding dīryāt- ) to burst, break asunder, split open (confer, compare above) ; to cause to burst, tear, rend, divide : Passive voice dīryate- (ti- ) , p. dīryamāṇa- and dīryat- ; perfect tense dadre- () to be split, break open, fall asunder, decay ; to be dispersed or scattered (as an army) ; to be frightened or afraid (also darati-) : Causal P. darayati-, to split, tear, break open ; P. A1. dārayati-, te- ; Aorist adadarat- () to tear asunder, divide by splitting or digging etc. ; to scatter, disperse : Intensive P. d/ardarti- or d/ādarti- ; imperative 2. sg. dādṛh/i- ; subjunctive 3. sg. dardirat- ; imperfect tense 2. 3. sg. /adardar-, 3. plural adardirur- = Causal [ confer, compare Greek and ; Lithuanian diru4; Slavonic or Slavonian drati; Gothic tairan; Anglo-Saxon te0ran; English to@tear; German zerren,zehren.] | | | drā | cl.2 P. dr/āti- (imperative dr/ātu-, dr/āntu- ; perfect tense dadrur-, parasmE-pada A1. dadrāṇ/a- ; Aorist adrāsīt-; subjunctive drāsat- ), to run, make haste: Causal drāpayati- (Desiderative of Causal d/idrāpayiṣati-) ; Aorist adidrapat- : Intensive d/aridrāti- ; 3 plural daridrati- ; to run hither and thither ; to be in need or poor: Desiderative of Intensive didaridrāsati- and didaridriṣati- Va1rtt. 2 [ confer, compare 2. dru-and dram-; Greek , .] | | | dṛś | (Pres. forms supplied by paś- q.v; perfect tense P. dad/arśa- etc. [2. sg. dadarśitha-and dadraṣṭha- ]; A1. dadṛś/e- [ d/adṛśe-,3 plural dṛśre- ; śrire- ]; parasmE-pada P. dadṛśv/as- ; sivas- ; darśivas- q.v; A1. d/adṛśāna- ; future P. -drakṣy/ati- etc.; A1. ṣyate-and future 2. draṣṭā- ; Aorist P. adarśam-, śas-, śat-,3 plural śur- ; 1 plural adarśma- ; adṛśma- ; subjunctive darśam-, śat-, śathas- ; A1.3 plural /adṛśran- ; śram- ; parasmE-pada dṛśān/a-or d/ṛśāna-[ confer, compare sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order ] ; P. dṛśan-,3 plural /adṛśan- ; Potential dṛś/eyam- ; śema- ; P. adrākṣit-and adrāk- ; A1.3 plural /adṛkṣata-; subjunctive 2 sg. d/ṛkṣase- ; infinitive mood dṛś/e-and driś/aye- ; dr/aṣṭum- etc.; ind.p. dṛṣṭv/ā- etc.[ also dṛśya-], ṭvāya- ; -d/ṛśya- ; -darśam- ) to see, behold, look at, regard, consider etc. ; to see id est wait on, visit ; to see with the mind, learn, understand etc. ; to notice, care for, look into, try, examine ; to see by divine intuition, think or find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.) : Passive voice dṛśy/ate- (Epic also ti-) Aorist ad/arśi- etc. to be seen, become visible, appear etc. ; to be shown or manifested, appear as (iva-), prove etc.: Causal P. A1. darśayati-, te- etc. ; Aorist adīdṛśat- ; adadarśat- , to cause to see or be seen, to show a thing (A1. especially of something belonging to one's self) or person (P.and A1.with or scilicet ātmānam-,also one's self) , to (accusative etc.; genitive case etc.; dative case etc.; instrumental case after A1.refl. ) ; to show = prove, demonstrate etc. ; to produce (money) id est pay ; (a witness) , : Desiderative A1. didṛkṣate- (Epic also ti-) to wish to see, long for (accusative) etc.: Desiderative of Causal didarśayiṣati-, to wish to show ; adidarśayiṣīt- : Intensive darīdṛśyate-, to be always visible ; darīdarṣṭi- or dard- [ confer, compare Greek , ; Gothic tarhjan.] | | | dugdhapadī | (dh/a-.) f. whose footstep is milk | | | dūra | mf(ā-)n. (prob. fr.1. du-,hutSee ; Comparative degree d/avīyas-,superl. daviṣṭha-,qq.vv.) distant, far, remote, long (way) | | | dvaidha | mf(ī-)n. (fr. dvi-dh/ā-) twofold, double Va1rtt. 1 (see a--) | | | dyut | cl.1 A1. dy/otate- (also ti-) etc. (perfect tense didyute-, parasmE-pada tān/a- [ see ], didy/ota- ; dyutur-. ; Aorist adyutat-and /adidyutat- ; /adyaut- , adyotiṣṭa- , parasmE-pada P. dyutat- A1. tān/a-or dy/utāna- ; future dyotiṣyati- ; ind.p. dyutitvā-or dyot- ; -dyutya- ) to shine, be bright or brilliant: Causal dyotayati-(te-, ) to make bright, illuminate, irradiate ; to cause to appear, make clear or manifest, express, mean : Desiderative dedyutiṣati- or didyot- : Intensive d/avidyot-, 3. plural dyutati- ; dedyutyate- , to shine, glitter, be bright or brilliant | | | gada | n. varia lectio for gadhā- (see a-gad/a-, /a-vijñāta-g-.) | | | gandhacelikā | f. musk (varia lectio gandh/a-kelikā-) | | | gandhālā | etc. See gandh/a-. | | | gandhamadana | metrically for gandh/a-mādana- q.v | | | gandhamādana | m. Name of a mountain (forming the division between ilāvṛta- and bhadrāśva-, to the east of meru-, renowned for its fragrant forests) etc. (once gandh/a-madana- ) | | | gandhamodana | m. (equals gandh/a-mādana-) sulphur | | | gāndhika | m. (fr. gandh/a-), a vender of perfumes, perfumer (kind of mixed caste ) | | | gāyatra | mf(ī-)n. the gāyatrī- (id est ; t/at savit/ur v/areṇyam bh/argo dev/asya dhīmahi dh/iyo y/o naḥ pracod/ayāt- etc.;this is a very sacred verse repeated by every Brahman at his morning and evening devotions;from being addressed to savitṛ- or the Sun as generator, it is also called sāvitrī-; see ;the gāyatrī- verse is personified as a goddess, the wife of brahmā- and mother of the four veda-s ;it is often mentioned in connection with the amṛta-, both together constituting as it were the essence and type of sacred hymns in general ;the gāyatrī- personified is also considered as the mother of the first three classes in their capacity of twice-born ; see ;some other verse [perhaps ] is denoted by gāyatrī- ;with tāntrika-s a number of mystical verses are called gāyatrī-s, and each deity has one in particular) | | | gdha | mfn. past participle ghas-. See a-gdh/ād-. | | | godheraka | See godh/ā-. | | | gṛda | (equals gud/a-?) , a part of a horse's hind quarter near the anus | | | gṛhamedhīya | mfn. () relating to the dh/a- or domestic sacrifice | | | gṛhamedhya | mfn. () relating to the dh/a- or domestic sacrifice | | | gūrdh | cl.10 P. dh/ayati- () to praise | | | gva | in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See atithi-gv/a-, /eta--, d/aśa--, n/ava--. | | | idam | ay/am-, iy/am-, id/am- (fr. id- ; gaRa sarvādi- ;a kind of neut. of the pronominal base 3. i-with am-[ confer, compare Latin is,ea,id,andidem];the regular forms are partly derived from the pronominal base a-;See grammar 224;the veda- exhibits various irregular formations exempli gratia, 'for example' fr. pronominal base a-,an inst. en/ā-, ay/ā-[used in general adverbially], and genitive case locative case dual number ay/os-,and perhaps also av/os-,in [ ];fr. the base ima-,a genitive case singular im/asya-,only ;the has in a few instances the irregular accentuation /asmai-, ; /asya-, ; /ābhis-, : the forms derived fr. a-are used enclitically if they take the place of the third personal pronoun, do not stand at the beginning of a verse or period, and have no peculiar stress laid upon them) , this, this here, referring to something near the speaker | | | idammadhu | (id/am-) n. a particular hymn | | | idaṃrūpa | (id/aṃ-) mfn. having this shape | | | ima | the base of some cases of the demonstrative pronoun id/am- q.v (accusative sg. m. im/am- f. im/ām-; Nominal verb plural m. im/e-,etc.;irregular genitive case sg. im/asya- [once]) . | | | iyam | f. Nominal verb sg. of the demonstrative pronoun id/am-, q.v | | | jagdhapāpman | (gdh/a--) mfn. one whose sin is consumed or blotted out (also /a-j- negative) | | | jampatī | m. dual number equals d/am-p-, wife and husband gaRa rājadantādi- | | | jānapada | mfn. (gaRa utsādi-) living in the country (jana-pad/a-) | | | jāyampatī | m. dual number (formed after d/am-p-) equals yā-p- (see yām-patika-.) | | | jūta | mfn. see /adri-- /indra--, d/asyu--, dev/a--, br/ahma--, v/āta--, v/ipra--. | | | jyotis | m. see d/akṣiṇā--, śukr/a--, sa--, h/iraṇya--, etc. | | | kadā | ind. with a following ca- and preceding yadā-, whenever, as often as possible (exempli gratia, 'for example' yad/ā kad/ā ca sun/avāma s/omam-,let us press out the soma- as often as may be or at all times ) | | | kadā | ind. na kad/ā-, never | | | kaśoka | m. plural Name of a class of demons (equals yātu-dh/ānās-of ) | | | khad | cl.6 P. khadati- (pr. p. khad/at-), to be steady or firm or solid ; to strike, hurt, kill ; (for khād-) to eat | | | khāda | mfn. "eating, devouring" in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' See amitra-- and vṛtra-khād/a- | | | khud | cl.6 P. khud/ati-, to sport wantonly or amorously : Intensive (parasmE-pada canīkhudat-) idem or ' cl.1 A1. ḍate-, to break in pieces ; to limp : cl.10 P. khuṇḍayati- (varia lectio khoḍayati- see kṣodayati-fr. kṣudr/a-), to break in pieces ' ; (k/anīkhunat-,fr. khun-) | | | kiyedhā | mfn. (for kiyad-dh/ā-) containing or surrounding much (Name of indra-) () . | | | kṛ | Ved. (I) cl.2 P. 2. sg. k/arṣi- dual number kṛth/as- plural kṛth/a-; A1. 2. sg. kṛṣ/e-; imperfect tense 2. and 3. sg. /akar-, 3. sg. rarely /akat- () ; 3. dual number /akartām-; plural /akarma-, /akarta- (also ), /akran- (Aorist,according to ); A1. /akri- (), /akṛthās- (), /akṛta- (); akrātām- (), /akrata- ( ) : imperative kṛdh/i- (also ), kṛt/am-, kṛt/a-; A1. kṛṣv/a-, kṛdhv/am-; subjunctive 2. and 3. sg. kar- plural k/arma-, k/arta- and kartana-, kran-; A1. 3. sg. kṛta- () , 3. plural kr/anta- () : Potential kriyāma- (); pr. p. P. (Nominal verb plural) kr/antas- A1. krāṇ/a-. (II) cl.1 P. k/arasi-, k/arati-, k/arathas-, k/aratas-, k/aranti-; A1. k/arase-, k/arate-, k/arāmahe-: imperfect tense /akaram-, /akaras-, /akarat- (Aorist,according to ) : imperative k/ara-, k/aratam-, k/aratām-: subjunctive k/aram-, k/arāṇi-, k/aras-, k/arat-, k/arāma-, k/aran-; A1. karāmahai-; pr. p. f. k/arantī- () (III) cl.5 P. kṛṇ/omi-, ṇ/oṣi-, ṇ/oti-, kṛṇuth/as-, kṛṇm/as- and kṛṇmasi-, kṛṇuth/a-, kṛṇv/anti-; A1. kṛṇv/e-, kṛṇuṣ/e-, kṛṇut/e-, 3. dual number kṛṇv/aite- (); plural kṛṇm/ahe-, kṛṇv/ate-: imperfect tense /akṛṇos-, /akṛṇot-, /akṛṇutam-, /akṛṇuta- and ṇotana- (), /akṛṇvan-; A1. 3. sg. /akṛṇuta- plural /akṛṇudhvam-, /akṛṇvata-: imperative kṛṇ/u- or kṛṇuh/i- or kṛṇut/āt-, kṛṇ/otu-, kṛṇut/am-, kṛṇut/ām-, 2. plural kṛṇut/a- or kṛṇ/ota- or kṛṇ/otana-, 3. plural kṛṇv/antu-; A1. kṛṇuṣv/a-, kṛṇut/ām-, kṛṇv/āthām-, kṛṇudhv/am-: subjunctive kṛṇ/avas-, ṇ/avat- or ṇ/avāt-, kṛṇ/avāva-, ṇ/avāma-, ṇ/avātha-, ṇ/avatha-, ṇ/avan-; A1. kṛṇ/avai- (once ṇavā- ), kṛṇavase- (also varia lectio ṇvase-), kṛṇavate-, kṛṇ/avāvahai-, kṛṇ/avāmahai-, 3. plural kṛṇ/avanta- () or kṛṇavante- or kṛṇvata- () : Potential A1. kṛṇvīt/a-; pr. p. P. kṛṇv/at- (f. vat/ī-) A1. kṛṇvāṇ/a-. (IV) cl.8. (this is the usual formation in the brāhmaṇa-s; sūtra-s, and in classical Sanskrit) P. kar/omi- (Epic kurmi- ); kurv/as-, kuruth/as-, kurut/as-, kurm/as- ([ kulmas-in an interpolation after ]), kuruth/a-, kurv/anti-; A1. kurv/e-, etc., 3. plural kurv/ate- () : imperfect tense akaravam-, akaros-, akarot-, akurva-, etc.; A1. 3. sg. akuruta- plural akurvata-: imperative kuru-, karotu- (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt-,3. sg. also ), kuruta- or kurutana- (); A1. kuruṣva-, kurudhvam-, kurv/atām-: subjunctive karavāṇi-, karavas-, vāt-, vāva- or vāvas- ( ), vāma- or vāmas- (), vātha-, van-; A1. karavai-, kuruthās-, karavāvahai- (; he- ), karavaithe-, vaite- ( , ), vāmahai-(he- ) : Potential P. kuryām- A1. kurvīya- (); pr. p. P. kurv/at- (f. vat/ī-); A1. kurvāṇ/a-: perf. P. cak/āra-, cak/artha-, cakṛv/a-, cakṛm/a-, cakr/a- (); A1. cakr/e-, cakrir/e-; parasmE-pada cakṛvas- (accusative cakr/uṣam- ); A1. cakrāṇa- () : 2nd future kariṣy/ati-; subjunctive 2. sg. kariṣy/ās- (); 1st future k/artā-: preceding kriyāsam-: Aorist P. Ved. cakaram- (), acakrat- (), /acakriran- (); A1. 1. sg. kṛske- (); Class. akārṣīt- ( ;once akāraṣīt- ); Passive voice Aorist reflex. akāri- and akṛta- ( ) : infinitive mood k/artum-, Ved. k/artave-, k/artav/ai-, k/artos- (See ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtv/ā-, Ved. kṛtv/ī- ([ ]) and kṛtv/āya- ([ ]) ; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake etc. ; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (genitive case or locative case) etc. ; to execute, carry out (as an order or command) ; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ; to form or construct one thing out of another (ablative or instrumental case) etc. ; to employ, use, make use of (instrumental case) etc. ; to compose, describe ; to cultivate (confer, compare ) ; to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (exempli gratia, 'for example' varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ-,"they spent ten years"; kṣaṇaṃ kuru-,"wait a moment"; confer, compare kritakṣaṇa-) ; to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (accusative or locative case or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' ardh/aṃ-kṛ-,to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in(genitive case;See 2. ardh/a-); haste-or pāṇau-kṛ-,to take by the hand, marry ; hṛdayena-kṛ-,to place in one's heart, love ; hṛdi-kṛ-,to take to heart, mind, think over, consider ; manasi-kṛ- idem or 'f. (equals kuhī-) a fog ' ;to determine, purpose [ ind.p. si-kṛtvā-or si-kṛtya-] ; vaśe-kṛ-,to place in subjection, become master of ) ; to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. (m/anas-[ etc.] or buddhim-[ ] or matim-[ ]or bhāvam-[ ], etc.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (locative case dative case infinitive mood,or a sentence with iti- exempli gratia, 'for example' mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ-,do not turn your mind to grief ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre-,he resolved upon going ; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre-,he resolved to create a gourd ; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra-,he determined to see him ) ; to think of (accusative) ; to make, render (with two accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata-,they made the sun their goal ) etc. ; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with genitive case or locative case) etc. ; A1. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dative case) ; to make liable to (dative case) ; to injure, violate (exempli gratia, 'for example' kanyāṃ-kṛ-,to violate a maiden) ; to appoint, institute ; to give an order, commission ; to cause to get rid of, free from (ablative or -tas-) ; to begin (exempli gratia, 'for example' cakre śobhayitum purīm-,they began to adorn the city) ; to proceed, act, put in practice etc. ; to worship, sacrifice ; to make a sound (svaram-or śabdam-) ( ), utter, pronounce (often in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with the sounds phaṭ-, phut-, bhāṇ-, v/aṣaṭ-, svadh/ā-, sv/āhā-, hiṃ-), pronounce any formula () ; (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā-) to divide, separate or break up into parts (exempli gratia, 'for example' dvidhā-kṛ-,to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā-or dvidhā-kṛtya-or -kāram- ; sahasradhā-kṛ-,to break into a thousand pieces) ; (with adverbs ending in vat-) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (exempli gratia, 'for example' rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā-,valuing the kingdom like a straw ) ; (with adverbs ending in sāt-) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (See ātma-sāt-, bhasma-sāt-) The above senses of kṛ- may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-kṛ-, to contract friendship with ; pūjāṃ-kṛ-, to honour ; rājyaṃ-kṛ-, to reign ; snehaṃ-kṛ-, to show affection ; ājñāṃ- or nideśaṃ- or śāsanaṃ- or kāmaṃ- or yācanāṃ- or vacaḥ- or vacanaṃ- or vākyaṃ-kṛ-, to perform any one's command or wish or request etc. ; dharmaṃ-kṛ-, to do one's duty ; nakhāni-kṛ-,"to clean one's nails" See kṛta-nakha- ; udakaṃ- ([ ]) or salilaṃ- ([ ]) kṛ-, to offer a libation of Water to the dead ; to perform ablutions ; astrāṇi-kṛ-, to practise the use of weapons ; darduraṃ-kṛ-, to breathe the flute ; daṇḍaṃ-kṛ-, to inflict punishment etc. ; kālaṃ-kṛ-, to bring one's time to an end id est to die ; ciraṃ-kṛ-, to be long in doing anything, delay ; manasā- (for si-See above) kṛ-, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate ; śirasā-kṛ-, to place on one's the head ; mūrdhnā-kṛ-, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in veda- () , but commonly in the brāhmaṇa-s, sūtra-s, and especially in classical Sanskrit the perf. forms cakāra-and cakre- auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives exempli gratia, 'for example' āsāṃ cakre-,"he sat down" ; gamay/āṃ cakāra-,"he caused to go"[see ;in veda- some other forms of kṛ-are used in a similar way, viz. proper karoti- ; imperfect tense akar- and ;3. plural akran- and ; preceding kriyāt- (See );according to , also karotu-with vid-]. Causal kārayati-, te-, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double accusative instrumental case and accusative [see ] exempli gratia, 'for example' sabhāṃ kāritavān-,he caused an assembly to be made ; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya-,cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam-,he ought to cause the vaiśya- to engage in trade ; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā-,I shall not be able to have anything done by thee ) ; to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate etc. ; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat-,he had the picture placed on the wall in his house ) . Sometimes the Causal of kṛ- is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (exempli gratia, 'for example' padaṃ kārayati-,he pronounces a word ; mithyā k-,he pronounces wrongly ; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya-,treat or deal with kaikeyī- as the king does ) : Desiderative c/ikīrṣati- (Aorist 2. sg. acikīrṣīs- ) , Epic also te-, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after etc. ; to wish to sacrifice or worship : Intensive 3. plural karikrati- (pr. p. k/arikrat-See ), to do repeatedly ; Class. carkarti- or carikarti- or carīkarti- ([ ]) , also carkarīti- or carikarīti- or carīkarīti- or cekrīyate- ([ib. Scholiast or Commentator ]); ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish caraim,"I perform, execute";ceard,"an art, trade, business, function";sucridh,"easy"; Old German karawan,"to prepare"; modern German gar,"prepared (as food)"; Latin creo,ceremonia;, .]) | | | kratu | m. intelligence, understanding (exempli gratia, 'for example' bhadr/a kr/atu-,right judgement, good understanding;also in conjunction or in compound or in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' with d/akṣa-See kr/atu-d/akṣau-and dakṣakrat/ū-) | | | krud | See utkrod/a-. | | | krudh | cl.4 P. kr/udhyati- (Epic rarely A1. te- ;(See also krudhyamāna-); perf. cukrodha- etc.; future 2nd krotsyati- ; future 1st kroddhā- ; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. krudhas- ; infinitive mood kroddhum- ), to become angry, be wrathful or angry with (dative case [ ] or genitive case), on account of (locative case): Causal krodh/ayati- (Aorist /acukrudhat- ; subjunctive 1. sg. cukrudham-,1. plural dhāma-), to make angry, provoke, irritate (infinitive mood krodhayitum-); ([ confer, compare Lithuanian rus-tus,"angry";rus-tybe7"anger" ; Greek German groll; Hibernian or Irish corruidhe,"anger, wrath, motion";corruigh,"fury, resentment."]) | | | mad | (confer, compare mand-) cl.4 P. () m/ādyati- (Epic also te-; Vedic or Veda alsocl.1. P. A1. madati-, te-;cl.3. P. mam/atti-, ttu-, mam/adat-, /amamaduḥ-; Vedic or Veda imperative m/atsi-, sva-; perfect tense mam/āda-; Aorist amādiṣuḥ-, amatsuḥ-, amatta-; subjunctive m/atsati-, sat-; future maditā-, madiṣyati- grammar; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maditos-), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instrumental case genitive case locative case,rarely accusative), be drunk (also figuratively) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors) ; to boil, bubble (as water) ; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire : Causal mād/ayati-, te- (; Aorist /amīmadat-or amamadat-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maday/adhyai-), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire etc. ; (A1.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease ; (A1.) to enjoy heavenly bliss : Desiderative mimadiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmadyate-, māmatti- ([Perhaps originally "to be moist"; confer, compare Greek ; Latin madere.]) | | | maṃhanā | ind. (also with d/akṣasya-) promptly, readily, willingly | | | mand | (see 2. mad-) cl.1 A1. () m/andate- (Ved. also P. ti-; perfect tense mamanda-, dat-, amamanduḥ- ; Aorist mand/us-, dān/a-; amandīt-, mandiṣṭa- ; subjunctive mandiṣat- grammar; preceding mandiṣīmahi- ; future manditā-, diṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood mand/adhyai- ), to rejoice, be glad or delighted, be drunk or intoxicated (literally and figuratively) ; (P.) to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspirit ; to sleep (?) () ; to shine, be splendid or beautiful ; to praise or to go : Causal mand/ayati- (infinitive mood manday/adhyai-), to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate ; to be glad or drunk | | | medhapati | (m/edha-- ; medh/a- ) m. lord of sacrifice. | | | medhasāti | (medh/a--) f. the receiving or offering of the oblation, sacrificial ceremony (;others"the offering of devotion, service or worship of the gods";others "the gaining or deserving of a reward or praise") . | | | medhyātithi | m. Name of a ṛṣi- (a kāṇva- and author of ;3. 33; ix, 41-43) (see medh/atithi-and maidhyātitha-). | | | mid | or mind- cl.1 A1. or cl.4 P. () m/edate- or m/eiyati- (of the former only 3. sg. imperative med/atām- ; perfect tense mimeda-, mimide-; Aorist amidat-, amediṣṭa-; future meditā-, mediṣyati-, te-; ind.p. miditvā-or meditvā- grammar; Passive voice, midyate- impersonal or used impersonally ), to grow fat ; cl.10 P. () mindayati- or medayati- (see mitra-) ; the latter also as Causal "to make fat" | | | muda | mfn. See hasā-mud/a- | | | mūrdhabhinna | (mūrdh/a--) mfn. one who has his head cleft | | | nad | cl.1 P. () n/adati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense nanāda-, nedur-, nedire- ; Aorist anādīt- grammar; future nadiṣyati-, ditā- ) to sound, thunder, roar, cry, howl etc. (also with nād/am-, śabdam-, svanam-etc.) etc. etc.: Passive voice nadyate- : Causal nad/ayati-, te-, to make resound or vibrate ; nādayati-, te-, to make resonant, fill with noises or cries etc. ; Aorist anīnadat- grammar ; Passive voice nādyate- : Desiderative ninadiṣati- grammar : Intensive 3. plural n/ānadati-, parasmE-pada n/ānadat- ; 3. sg. nānadyate-, parasmE-pada dyamāna- to vibrate or sound violently, to roar, howl, cry, neigh etc. | | | nadanu | m. a cloud (nad/anu-) | | | nadī | f. flowing water, a river (commonly personified as a female;butSee nad/a-above ) etc. (in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' nadikā-; see ku-nadikā-and giri--; ind. -nadi-; see upa-nadi-[beside -nadam-,fr. nad/a- ]) | | | nārada | m. or nārad/a- Name of a ṛṣi- (a kāṇva- or kāśyapa-, author of ;as a devarṣi- often associated with parvata- and supposed to be a messenger between gods and men etc.;among the 10 prajā-pati-s as a son of brahmā- ;in later mythology he is a friend of kṛṣṇa- and is regarded as inventor of the vinā- or lute;in Epic poetry he is called a deva-gandharva- or a gandharva-rāja- or simply gandharva-) | | | naudhasa | etc. See nodh/as-. | | | nibādha | See a-nibādh/a-. | | | nidānavat | mfn. (nid/āna--) funded on a cause, essential | | | nidhanavat | mfn. (dh/ana--) having a finale etc. | | | nidhāpati | m. (dh/ā--) possessor or bearer of snares | | | nikhid | P. -khld/ati-, to press down | | | niruddha | mfn. held back, withheld, held fast, stopped, shut, closed, confined, restrained, checked, kept off, removed, suppressed (n/i-ruddha-, ; ni-ruddh/a-,x, 28, 10) etc. etc. | | | nitud | P. A1. -tud/ati-, te- (-tundate- ;[ n/i- wrong reading for n/u-?]) , to pierce, penetrate | | | nud | cl.6 P. A1. () nud/ati-, te- (perfect tense nunoda- ; nunud/e-,3. plural dre- etc.; Aorist P. anautsīt- grammar; A1. anutthās- ; nudiṣṭhās- ; preceding -nudyāt- ; future -notsyati- ; te- etc.; nottā- grammar; ind.p. -nudya- ; infinitive mood -n/ude- ; -nudas- ; -nodam- ), to push, thrust, impel, move, remove etc. etc.: Causal nodayati- (Passive voice nodyate-), to push on, urge, incite etc.: Intensive nonudyate-, to push or drive away repeatedly | | | pad | cl.4 A1. () padyate- (ti- ; Potential padyām- ; imperative patsva- ; perfect tense papāda- ; pede- ; Aorist apadmahi-, dran- [ subjunctive padāti- ]; apatsi-, patthās- ; preceding padīṣṭ/a- ; future patsyati- ; te- ; pattā- grammar; infinitive mood p/attave- ; tos-, tum- ; -p/adas- ; ind.p. -p/adya- ; -p/ādam- ), to fall, fall down or out, perish ; to go, resort or apply to, participate in (accusative), keep, observe : Causal pād/ayati-, te-, to cause to fall (Passive voice pādyate- ; Desiderative pipādayiṣati- etc.) ; padayate-, to go : Desiderative pitsate- : Intensive panīpadyate- ; panīpadīti- | | | pādavī | see under pad/a-, parasmE-pada 583, columns 2, 3. | | | parāṇud | ( nud-) P. A1. -ṇud/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -ṇ/ude-) to push or drive away, banish, remove | | | pari | ind. according to (especially dh/armaṇas p/ari-,according to ordinance or in conformity with law or right) [ confer, compare Zend pairi; Greek .] | | | paridhā | P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte-, (perfect tense -dadhur-, -dadhire-; future -dhāsyati-; Aorist -dhāt-, -dhīmahi-; ind.p. -dh/āya-;Ved. infinitive mood p/ari-dhātav/ai-), to lay or put or place or set round etc. ; to cast round, turn upon (dṛṣṭim-,with locative case ) ; to put on, wear (with or sc. vāsas-), dress etc. ; surround, envelop, enclose etc. ; to conclude or close (the recitation of a hymn) : Causal -dhāpayati- (ind.p. yitvā- ), to cause a person to wrap round or put on (2 accusative) etc. ; to clothe with (instrumental case) : Desiderative -dhitsate-, to wish to put on | | | paridhāv | P. -dh/āvati- (Epic also te-), to flow or stream round or through ; to run or drive about (with mṛgayām-,"to hunt") ; to run or move round anything (with accusative) etc. ; to run through or towards or after (with accusative) etc.: Causal -dhāvayati-, to surround, encircle | | | pradaghas | (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood of dagh-), to cause to fall, throw down (wrong reading -d/aghos-). | | | pradhana | n. (see dh/ana-) spoil taken in battle, a prize gained by a victor, the battle or contest itself etc. | | | pradṝ | (of P.only Vedic or Veda imperative -d/arṣi-), to break or tear to pieces : Passive voice -dīryate-, to cleave asunder, split open (intr.) ; to be dispersed or scattered (as an army) : Causal -dārayati-, to split, cleave, tear asunder | | | prakhid | (only pr. p. -khid/at-), to thrust away | | | prakhud | P. -khud/ati-, futuere | | | prāṇadāvat | mfn. life -giving (-d/avat-prob. wrong reading) | | | predhā | ind. equals priya-dh/ā- (q.v) | | | purodhākāma | mfn. (-dh/ā--) desirous of the rank of a purohita- | | | purudhāpratīka | mfn. (-dh/a--) appearing variously | | | radh | or randh- cl.4 P. () r/adhyati- (perfect tense rarandha-,1. plural rarandhima-or redhma- grammar;3. plural rāradh/uḥ- ; Aorist aradhat- ; subjunctive randhīs- imperative randhi-for randdhi- ; future radhitā-, raddhā- grammar; radhiṣyati-, ratsyati- ; infinitive mood radhitum- ), to become subject to (dative case), be subdued or overthrown, succumb ; to be completed or matured (see rādh-) ; to bring into subjection, subdue ; to deliver into the hand of (dative case) ; to hurt, torment : Causal randh/ayati- (Ved. also te-; Aorist rīradhat- ; ararandhat- grammar), to make subject, deliver over to (dative case) ; to torment, afflict ; to destroy, annihilate ; to cook, prepare (food) : Desiderative riradhiṣati-, riratsati- grammar : Intensive rāradhyate-, rāraddhi- grammar (in rārandh/i-for rāranddh/i-,and rāranta-for rārantta-) to hand over to, deliver. | | | rādh | (confer, compare ṛdh-and radh-) cl.5.4. P. () rādhn/oti- rādhyati- (Vedic or Veda also proper rādhati-and r/ādhyate-; perfect tense rar/ādha- etc. etc. [2. sg. rarādhitha-or redhita-, confer, compare ]; Aorist, arātsīt-, rādhiṣi- ; preceding rādhyāsam- ; future rāddhā- grammar; rātsyati- ; ind.p. rāddhv/ā-, -rādhya- ), to succeed (said of things), be accomplished or finished ; to succeed (said of persons), be successful with (instrumental case), thrive, prosper ; to be ready for, submit to (dative case) ; to be fit for, partake of, attain to (dative case or locative case), ; (rādhyati-) to prophesy to (dative case) ; to accomplish, perform, achieve, make ready, prepare, carry out ; to hit, get at (accusative) ; to propitiate, conciliate, gratify ; to hurt, injure, destroy, exterminate (confer, compare ) : Passive voice rādhyate- (Aorist /arādhi-), to be conciliated or satisfied (confer, compare rādhyate-above) : Causal rādh/ayati- (Aorist arīradhat- ; Passive voice rādhyate- ), to accomplish, perform, prepare, make ready etc. ; to make favourable, propitiate, satisfy : Desiderative of Causal rirādhayiṣati- : Desiderative rirātsati- or -ritsati- Va1rtt. 1 : Intensive rārādhyate-, rārāddhi- grammar ([ confer, compare iradh-; Gothic gare7dan,rathjo1; Slavonic or Slavonian raditi.]) | | | ratnadha | mfn. equals -dh/ā- q.v | | | ṛdh | cl.6.2.4.5.7.P. (Potential 1. plural ṛdhema- ; subjunctive 3. sg. ṛdhat- ; present tense parasmE-pada ṛdh/at-; see ṛdh/ad-below) ṛdhyati- ; ṛdhnoti- ; ṛṇaddhi- ; ānardha-, ardhitā-, ardhiṣyati-, etc., to grow, increase, prosper, succeed etc. ; to cause to increase or prosper, promote, make prosperous, accomplish : Passive voice ṛdhyate-, to be promoted, increase, prosper, succeed : Causal ardhayati-, to satisfy : Desiderative ardidhiṣati- or īrtsati- ; ([ see rādh-and vṛdh-.]) | | | ṛdhak | ind. (and ṛdh/ak- ) (related to ardha- ), separately, aside, apart | | | ṛdūdara | mfn. (fr. ṛdu- equals mṛdu-and ud/ara-), having a soft or pleasant inner nature | | | rī | equals rai- in ṛdh/ad-rī- q.v | | | rud | (confer, compare 1. ru-) cl.2 P. (; confer, compare ) roditi- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also rudati-, te-and rodati-, te-; perfect tense ruroda-, rurude- ; Aorist /arudat- etc.; arodīt-, diṣuḥ- grammar; araudiṣīt- ; future roditā- grammar; rodiṣyati- ; infinitive mood roditum- ; ind.p. ruditvā-or roditvā- ; -rudya- ), to weep, cry, howl, roar, lament, wail etc. ; to bewail, deplore : Passive voice rudyate- (Aorist arodi-; rudyamāne-,"while weeping is heard") : Causal rod/ayati- (Aorist arūrudat-), to cause to weep or lament etc. etc.: Desiderative rurudiṣati- grammar (confer, compare rurudiṣā-, ṣu-): Intensive rorudyate-, rorotti- (parasmE-pada rorudyamāna-, rorudat-) [ confer, compare Latin rudere; Lithuanian ru4dis,rauda4,raudo4ti; Anglo-Saxon reo4tan.] | | | rudh | (see 1. ruh-,of which this seems to be only another form) cl.1 P. r/odhati-, to sprout, shoot, grow (only r/odhati- ;and vir/odhat-, ; according to to some also parasmE-pada rudhat-, nad/asya rudhat/aḥ k/āmaḥ-,"the desire of the growing reed" id est of the membrum virile;others,"of the husband who keeps me away", from 2. rudh-; see also nada-). | | | rudh | cl.7 P. A1. () ruṇ/addhi-, runddh/e- (1. plural -rudhmas- ; rundhati-, te- etc.; rodhati- perfect tense rurodha-, rurudhe- etc.; rurundhatuḥ- ; Aorist araut- ; arautsīt- etc.; rotsīs- ; arutsi-, aruddha- ; arautsi- ; arodham- ; arudhma- ; parasmE-pada rudh/at- see 1. rudh-; arudhat- etc.; preceding rudhyāt- ; future roddhā- grammar; rotsyati-, te- etc. infinitive mood roddhum-or rodhitum- ; roddhos- ; ind.p. ruddhvā- etc.; -r/udhya- etc.; -rundhya- ; -r/udham- ; -r/undham- ; -rodham- ), to obstruct, check, arrest, stop, restrain, prevent, keep back, withhold (always with na-), etc. ; to avert, keep off, repel (see rudhat-under1. rudh-) ; to shut, lock up, confine in (locative case) etc. (according to to also with double accusative) ; to besiege, blockade, invest etc. ; to close, block up (a path) ; to cover, conceal, veil, obscure etc. ; to stop up, fill ; to lay (dust) ; to touch, move (the heart) ; to torment, harass ; to lose, be deprived of (accusative) ; to tear, rend asunder (?) : Causal rodhayati- (Epic also te-and rundhayati-; Aorist arūrudhat-; Passive voice rodhyate-), to stop, arrest ; to cause to be confined by (accusative) ; to cause to be besieged by (instrumental case) ; to close (with a cover or lid) ; to fetter, enchain, influence ; to oppress, torment, harass : Desiderative rorutsate- (), ti- (), to wish to obstruct etc.: Intensive rorudhyate-, roroddhi-, to obstruct intensely or repeatedly etc. grammar (only rorudhaḥ- ) | | | sad | cl.1. or cl.6. P. () sīdati- (Epic also te-;Ved. s/adati-or s/īdati-, te-; perfect tense sas/āda-, sas/attha-, sed/us-, sedir/e- ; sīdatus- ; sasadyāt-. ; Aorist asadat-[ confer, compare present tense stem-] grammar;2. 3. sg. s/atsi-, s/atsat- ; asādīt- ; future sattā- grammar; satsyati- ; sīdiṣyati- ; infinitive mood s/ade- ; sattum- ; sīditum- ; ind.p. -s/adya-, -s/adam- ; -sādam- ), to sit down (especially at a sacrifice), sit upon or in or at (accusative or locative case) ; to sit down before, besiege, lie in wait for, watch (accusative) ; to sink down, sink into despondency or distress, become faint or wearied or dejected or low-spirited, despond, despair, pine or waste away, perish etc. : Passive voice sadyate- (Aorist asādi-, sādi- ) : Causal sād/ayati-, te- (Aorist asīṣadat-), to cause to sit down or be seated, place down, put upon or in (locative case) etc. ; to put in distress, afflict, weary, exhaust, ruin, destroy etc.: Desiderative siṣatsati- grammar : Intensive sāsadyate- (grammar also sāsatti-), to sit down in an indecent posture [ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin sidere,sedere; Lithuanian se4sti,sede4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian se8sti; Gothic sitan; German sitzen; Anglo-Saxon sittan; English sit.] | | | sadāvṛdha | mf(ā-)n. (sad/ā--) always delighting | | | sadhastha | mfn. (sadh/a--) "standing together", present | | | sadhastuti | f. (sadh/a--) joint praise (when used as instrumental case = "with joint praise") | | | sadhastutya | (sadh/a--) n. joint praise or applause | | | sammārjaka | mfn. equals bahu-dh/anyārjaka- | | | saṃrādh | Caus. -rādhayati- (pr. p. -rādh/ayat-, q.v), to agree together, agree about or upon (locative case) ; to conciliate, appease, satisfy | | | saṃsāda | m. a meeting assembly, company (see strī-ṣasṃsād/a-). | | | saniṣyada | see saniṣyad/a- under syand-, parasmE-pada 1273 | | | saptavidha | (t/a--) mf(ā-)n. 7-fold, of 7 kinds etc. ( saptavidhatā dh/atā- f. ) | | | sedha | mf(ā-)n. keeping or driving away (See goṣedh/ā-) | | | śipada | See a-śipad/a-. | | | skanda | m. anything which jumps or hops (in tṛṇa-skand/a-,"grasshopper", Name of a man) | | | spand | (often confounded with syand-) cl.1 A1. () spandate- (rarely ti-;only in present tense base and infinitive mood spanditum-; grammar also perfect tense paspande-; future spanditā-, spandiṣyate-; Aorist aspandiṣṭa-), to quiver, throb, twitch, tremble, vibrate, quake, palpitate, throb with life, quicken (as a child in the womb) etc. ; to kick (as an animal) ; to make any quick movement, move, be active ; to flash into life, come suddenly to life : Causal spandayati- (Aorist apaspandat-), to cause to quiver or shake ; to move (trans.) : Desiderative pispandiṣate- grammar : Intensive , See paniṣpad/a-. ([ confer, compare Greek , , ; perhaps also Latin pendo,pondus.]) | | | spardh | (or spṛdh-; see spṛh-) cl.1 A1. () sp/ardhate- (mc. also P. ti-;Subj.[ pr/a-] -spūrdh/an- ; perfect tense paspṛdh/e-, dhān/a-, /apaspṛdhethām- ; paspardha- etc.; Aorist aspṛdhran-, spṛdhānd- : aspardhiṣṭa- grammar; future spardhitā-, spardhiṣyate- ; infinitive mood sp/ardhitum- ; spūrdh/ase- ; ind.p. -sp/ṛdhya- ), to emulate, compete, rival, vie or cope with (instrumental case with and without saha-,or accusative), contend or struggle for (locative case) etc. etc.: Causal spardhayati- grammar : Desiderative pispardhiṣate- : Intensive pāspardhyate-, pāsparddhi- (apāspāḥ- ) | | | śraddhā | P. A1. -dadhāti-, -dhatte- (pr. p. śraddadhat-, śrad-d/adhāna-;Ved. infinitive mood śraddh/e- see śr/at-above), to have faith or faithfulness, have belief or confidence, believe, be true or trustful (with na-,"to disbelieve"etc.) etc. ; to credit, think anything true (two accusative) etc. ; to believe or have faith in or be true to (with dative case,and in later language with genitive case of thing or person, or with locative case of thing) etc. ; to expect anything (accusative) from (ablative) ; to consent, assent to, approve, welcome (with accusative;with na-,"to disapprove") ; to be desirous of (accusative), wish to (infinitive mood) : Causal -dhāpayati-, to make faithful, render trustful, inspire confidence | | | śraddhādeva | (śraddh/ā--) mfn. trusting in the deity, faithful, believing (see śrāddha-d-). | | | śraddhāmanas | (śraddh/ā--) mfn. truehearted, faithful | | | śraddhāsamanvita | mfn. equals śraddh/anvita- | | | śṛdh | cl.1 P. A1. () ś/ardhati-, te- (pr. p. Vedic or Veda ś/ardhat-and ś/ardhamāna-; grammar also perfect tense śaśṛdhe-; Aorist aśṛdhat-,or aśardhiṣṭa-; future śartsyati-or śardhiṣyate-; infinitive mood śardhitum-; ind.p. śardhitvā-or śṛddhvā-), to break wind downwards (in ava--and vi-śṛdh- q.v) ; to mock at, ridicule, defy (with genitive case) ; to moisten, become moist or wet : Causal śardhayati- (only in ati-praśardh/ayat-) : Desiderative śiśardhiṣate-, śiśṛtsati- grammar : Intensive śarīśṛdhyate-, śarīśṛdhīti-, śarīśarddhi- | | | sūd | (prob. connected with svad-) cl.1 A1. () sūdate- (occurring only in the reduplicated forms suṣūdima- ; s/uṣūdati-or dat- ; suṣūd/ata- ; grammar also future sūditā-, diṣyati-), to put or keep in order, guide aright : Causal or cl.10. (see ) sūd/ayati-, te- (parasmE-pada sūdayāna- ; Aorist asūṣudat-, ta-) idem or 'm. equals su-tr- Name of indra- ' ; to manage, arrange, prepare, effect, contrive ; to settle id est put an end to, kill, slay (also inanimate objects) etc. ; to squeeze, press, destroy : Desiderative susūdiṣate- grammar : Intensive sosūdyate-, sosūtti- | | | śuddhahasta | (śuddh/a--) mfn. having pure hands | | | śuddhavāla | (śuddh/a--) mfn. bright-tailed | | | sudhātudakṣiṇa | mfn. (-dh/ā-) (prob.) one on whom the sacrificial fee is well conferred, worthy of the sacrificial fee (according to to Scholiast or Commentator"one who receives precious metal as a sacrificial fee") | | | svad | or svād- (prob. fr. 5. su- ad-) cl.1 A1. () sv/adate- (Vedic or Veda also P. sv/adati-; perfect tense sasvade- ; sasvāde- grammar; future svāditā-, svādiṣyate- ; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -s/ude-; ind.p. -svādya- ), to taste well, be sweet or pleasant to (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to taste with pleasure, relish, enjoy, like (accusative), delight in (locative case) ; (P.) to make palatable, season ; to make sweet or pleasant or agreeable ; to be pleasant or wholesome ; P. A1. svādati-, te- (confer, compare ), to taste, relish, enjoy (generally varia lectio khād- q.v) : Causal svad/ayati-, te- (Aorist asiṣvadat-), to make savoury or palatable, sweeten, season, prepare, cook ; to propitiate, conciliate ; svādayati- (confer, compare ), to eat, relish, taste, enjoy : Desiderative of Causal sisvādayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative sisvādiṣate- : Intensive sāsvādyate-, sāsvātti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin suadeo,and undersvAdu.] | | | svād | or svad- (prob. fr. 5. su- ad-) cl.1 A1. () sv/adate- (Ved. also P. sv/adati-; perfect tense sasvade- ; sasvāde- grammar; future svāditā-, svādiṣyate- ;Ved. infinitive mood -s/ude-; ind.p. -svādya- ), to taste well, be sweet or pleasant to (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to taste with pleasure, relish, enjoy, like (accusative), delight in (locative case) ; (P.) to make palatable, season ; to make sweet or pleasant or agreeable ; to be pleasant or wholesome ; P. A1. svādati-, te- (confer, compare ), to taste, relish, enjoy (generally varia lectio khād- q.v) : Causal svad/ayati-, te- (Aorist asiṣvadat-), to make savoury or palatable, sweeten, season, prepare, cook ; to propitiate, conciliate ; svādayati- (confer, compare ), to eat, relish, taste, enjoy : Desiderative of Causal sisvādayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative sisvādiṣate- : Intensive sāsvādyate-, sāsvātti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin suadeo,and undersvAdu.] | | | svadhā | f. (for svadh/ā-See p.1280) self-position, self-power, inherent power (according to to some, Name of Nature or the material Universe; sva-dh/ayā-"by self-power") | | | svadhā | f. ease, comfort, pleasure (/anu svadh/ām-, svadh/ām /anu-or svadh/ā /anu-, svadh/ayā-,or svadh/ābhiḥ-,"according to one's habit or pleasure, spontaneously, willingly, easily, freely, undisturbedly, wantonly, sportively") | | | svadhāprāṇa | (dh/ā--) mfn. breathing sva-dhā- | | | svadhāvat | mfn. (dh/ā--) adhering to custom or law, regular, constant, faithful | | | tad | ind. then, at that time, in that case (correlative of yad/ā-, y/ad- ;of y/atra- ;of yadi- etc.;of ced- etc.) etc. | | | tarhi | ind. (fr. t/ad-h/i-;See tarvan- ) at that time, then, at that moment, in that case (correlative of y/ad-[ ], yad/ā-[ ], y/arhi-[ ], y/atra-[ ], yadi-[ varia lectio etc.], ced-[ ];often connected with an imperative [ etc.] or interrogative pronoun [ ]) etc. (not in ) | | | tāt | ind. (obsolete ablative of 2. t/a-) thus, in this way obsolete accusative plural ([!]) of 2. t/a- ; see adh/as-tāt- etc. | | | traidha | mfn. (fr. tr/i-dhā-or tredh/ā-) triple Va1rtt. Sch. | | | traidham | ind. equals tredh/ā- | | | traidhātavī | f. (scilicet iṣṭ/i-) Name of a closing ceremony (fr. tri-dh/ātu-) | | | triṣadhastha | mf(ā-)n. having a triple seat (sadh- equals barh/is-) (also dh/astha-, ) | | | triśīrṣan | mfn. three-headed (tvāṣṭra-, d/āsa-,etc.) (tr/i-ś-) | | | tṛṇaskanda | m. a grasshopper (see skand/a-). | | | tṛp | cl.4. t/ṛpyati- ([ etc.;metrically also te-]) cl.5. [Subj. 2. sg. tṛpṇ/avas- imperative ṇuhi-, ṇut/am- (See also /a-tṛpṇuvat-); noti- and gaRa kṣubhnādi-] cl.6. [2. sg. tṛmp/asi- imperative p/a-, patu-,etc. ; see Va1rtt. 1 ; tṛpati- ; perfect tense parasmE-pada A1. tātṛpāṇ/a- ; P. tatarpa-;3. plural tātṛpur- ; Aorist atṛpat- or atrāpsīt- vArttika; atarpīt-, atārpsīt- ; future 1st tarpiṣyati-(but see ), tarpsy-, trapsy-; Conditional atrapsyat- ; future 2nd tarpitā-, ptā-, traptā- on ] to satisfy one's self, become satiated or satisfied, be pleased with (genitive case instrumental case,or rarely locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' nāgnis tṛpyati kāṣṭhānām-,"fire is not satisfied with wood"; /atṛpyan brāhmaṇ/ā dh/anaiḥ-,"the brahman-s were pleased with wealth") etc. ; to enjoy (with ablative) ; to satisfy, please : cl.1. tarpati-, to kindle : Causal tarpayati-, rarely te- (imperfect tense atarpayat- etc.; parasmE-pada tarp/ayat- ; Aorist atītṛpat- ; /atītṛpāma- ; infinitive mood t/arpayitav/ai- ) to satiate, satisfy, refresh, gladden etc. ; A1. to become satiated or satisfied ; to kindle : Desiderative (subjunctive t/itṛpsāt-) to wish to enjoy : Causal Desiderative (Potential titarpayiṣet-) to wish to satiate or refresh or satisfy : Intensive tarītṛpyate-, tarītarpti-, trapti- ; ([ see tṛph-;.]) | | | tud | cl.6 P. d/ati- (parasmE-pada f. datī-or dantī- ; perfect tense tut/oda-; future 2nd totsyati-or tottā-, ; Aorist atautsīt-) to push, strike, goad, bruise, sting, vex etc. ; Passive voice to pain (said of a wound) : Causal See todita- ; ([ confer, compare t/ottra-etc.; etc.; Latin tundo.]) | | | ud | or und- cl.7 P. un/atti- () : cl.6 P. undati- (parasmE-pada und/at- : imperative 3. plural undantu- ) A1. und/ate- (; undāṃ cakāra-, undiṣyati-etc. ) to flow or issue out, spring (as water) ; to wet, bathe etc.: Causal (Aorist aundidat- ) : Desiderative undidiṣati- on ; ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin unda; Gothic vat-o; Old High German waz-ar; modern English wat-er; Lithuanian wand-u14.]) | | | udavraja | (ud/a-) m. Name of a place ([ ]) | | | uddhṛ | ( ud-hṛ-,in some cases not to be distinguished from 1. ud-dhṛ-) P. A1. -dharati-, -te- (parasmE-pada -dh/arat- ; perfect tense 3. plural /uj-jaharus- ; Aorist -ahārṣam- ) to take out, draw out, bring or tear out, pull out, eradicate ; to extricate etc. ; to draw, ladle up, skim ; to take away (fire, or anything from the fire) etc. ; to raise, lift up etc. ; to rescue (from danger etc.), deliver, free, save etc. ; to put away or off, remove ; to separate etc. ; to leave out, omit ; to except (See ud-dhṛtya-) ; to select, choose: A1. to take for one's self etc. ; to extend, elevate, raise ; to make strong or brisk or quick etc. ; to present, offer ; to root out, destroy, undo etc. ; to divide (in mathematics): Causal -dhārayati-, to raise, up-lift ; to take for one's self : Desiderative uj-jihīrṣati-, to wish to draw out or to rescue | | | uddyut | P. Ved. (imperfect tense -adyaut-) A1. -dyotate-, to blaze up, shine, shine forth ; Causal P. -dyotayati-, to cause to shine or shine forth : Intensive Vedic or Veda (subjunctive -d/avidyutat-) to shine intensely | | | und | or ud- cl.7 P. un/atti- () : cl.6 P. undati- (parasmE-pada und/at- : imperative 3. plural undantu- ) A1. und/ate- (; undāṃ cakāra-, undiṣyati-etc. ) to flow or issue out, spring (as water) ; to wet, bathe etc.: Causal (Aorist aundidat- ) : Desiderative undidiṣati- on ; ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin unda; Gothic vat-o; Old High German waz-ar; modern English wat-er; Lithuanian wand-u14.]) | | | upadhāv | A1. (parasmE-pada -dh/āvamāna-) to run ; to soar : P. -dhāvati-, to run near, approach hastily ; to have recourse to for assistance | | | upadhmā | P. -dh/amati-, to blow or breathe at or upon | | | upavidh | P. (3. plural -vidh/an-) to honour, worship | | | utkhid | (ud-- khid-) P. -khid/ati-, to draw out, extract | | | vad | cl.1 P. A1. () v/adati-, te- (Epic mc. also vādati-; Potential udeyam- ; perfect tense uvāda- plural ūdim/a- ; ūde-etc. ; veditha-, dailuḥ-, duḥ- ; Aorist avādīt-, diṣuḥ- etc.; subjunctive vādiṣaḥ- ; avādiran- ; vadiṣma-, ṣihāḥ- ; preceding udyāt- ; future vadiṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/aditos- ; vaditum- etc.; ind.p. uditvā- ; -udya- ), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P.or A1.;with accusative of the thing said, and accusative [with or without abhi-]or genitive case,or locative case of the person addressed;also followed by yad-,"that", or by yadi-,"whether") etc. ; (P.) to praise, recommend ; to adjudge, adjudicate ; to indicate, designate ; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak etc. ; to allege, affirm ; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two accusative or accusative and Nominal verb with iti-) etc. ; (with or scilicet vācam-) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and 9.) etc. ; (A1.) to say, tell, speak to (accusative) etc. ; to mention, state, communicate, name ; to confer or dispute about ; to contend, quarrel ; to lay claim to (locative case) ; to be an authority, be eminent in (locative case) ; to triumph, exult : Passive voice udy/ate- (Aorist avādi-), to be said or spoken etc. : Causal vād/ayati- m.c. also te- (see ; Aorist avīvadat-; Passive voice vādyate-, Epic also ti-), to cause to speak or say ; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instrumental case,rarely locative case of the instrument) etc. ; to play music ; (with bahu-) to make much ado about one's self. ; to cause a musical instrument (accusative) to be played by (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 2 ; to speak, recite, rehearse : Desiderative vivadiṣati-, te-, to desire to speak, : Intensive v/āvadīti- ( ), vāvady/ate-, (), vāvatti- (grammar), to speak or sound aloud. [ confer, compare Lit.vadi4nti.] | | | vadhatra | n. (for 1. vadha-tr/a-See under vadh/a-above),"instrument of death" , deadly weapon, dart | | | vaibādhapraṇutta | (dh/a--) mfn. forced asunder by the aśvattha- tree | | | vaimṛdhya | mfn. equals vaimṛdh/a- | | | vanda | mfn. praising, extolling (See deva-vand/a-) | | | vandadvīra | wrong reading for mand/aad-vīra- | | | varivas | varivo-d/a- etc. See . | | | varṣāśarād | f. dual number the rainy season and autumn (once -śarad/au-). | | | vasu | n. (in veda- genitive case v/asos-, v/asvas-and v/asunas-;also plural,exceptionally m.) wealth, goods, riches, property etc. ( vasoṣpati soṣ-pati- m.prob."the god of wealth or property" [ asoṣ-p-,"the god of life"]; vasordhārā sor-dh/ārā- f."stream of wealth", Name of a particular libation of ghṛta- at the agni-cayana- etc.;of the wife of agni- ;of the heavenly gaṅgā- ;of sacred bathing-place ;of a kind of vessel ; vasordhārāprayoga sor-dh/ārā-prayoga- m.Name of work) | | | vasudāvan | mfn. (also with genitive case v/asoḥ-) equals -d/ā- | | | vayodhas | mfn. equals -dh/ā- | | | vedatā | (ved/a--) f. (prob.) wealth, riches | | | vedhas | mfn. (in some meanings prob. connected with vi-dhā-; Nominal verb m. vedh/ās- accusative vedh/asam-or vedh/ām-) pious, religious, virtuous, good, brave (also applied to gods) | | | vedhastama | (vedh/as--). mfn. most pious or religious, best, wisest | | | vibādha | m. expulsion, removal (in vibādhavat dh/a-vat- mfn.expelling, removing) | | | vid | cl.2 P. () vetti- (vidmahe- ; vedati-, te- ; vid/ati-, te- etc.; vindati-, te- etc.; imperative vidāṃ-karotu- [ confer, compare ];1. sg. imperfect tense avedam-,2. sg. avet-or aves-[ ] etc.;3. plural avidus- [ confer, compare ]; avidan- etc.; perfect tense v/eda-[often substituted for proper vetti- confer, compare ], 3. plural vid/us-or vidre- ; viveda- etc.; vidāṃcak/āra- etc.[ confer, compare ; according to to also vidām-babhūva-]; Aorist avedīt- ; vidām-akran- ; future vedit/ā- ; vettā- future vediṣyati-, te- ; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/editum-, tos- ; vettum- etc.; ind.p. viditv/ā- etc.), to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of, have a correct notion of (with accusative,in older, language also with genitive case;with infinitive mood = to know how to) etc. (viddhi yathā-,"know that"; vidyāt-,"one should know","it should be understood"; ya evam veda-[in ],"who knows thus","who has this knowledge") ; to know or regard or consider as, take for, declare to be, call (especially in 3. plural vidus-,with two accusative or with accusative and Nominal verb with iti-, exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ sthaviraṃ viduḥ-,"they consider or call him aged"; rājarṣir iti māṃ viduḥ-,"they consider me a rājarṣi-") etc. ; to mind, notice, observe, remember (with genitive case or accusative) ; to experience, feel (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to wish to know, inquire about (accusative) : Causal ved/ayate- (rarely ti-; Aorist avīvidat-; Passive voice vedyate-), to make known, announce, report, tell etc. ; to teach, explain ; to recognize or regard as, take for (two accusative) etc. ; to feel, experience etc.: Desiderative of Causal in vivedayiṣu- q.v : Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, to wish to know or learn, inquire about (acc) : Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , for equals veda-; Latin videre; Slavonic or Slavonian ve8de8ti; Gothic witan,wait; German wizzan,wissen; Anglo-Saxon wa7t; English wot.]) | | | vid | (originally identical with1. vid-) cl.6 P. A1. () vind/ati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also vitt/e-, vid/e-; parasmE-pada vidān/a-or vidāna-[ q.v ]; Epic 3. plural vindate- Potential vindyāt-,often equals vidyāt-; perfect tense viv/eda-[3. plural vividus- subjunctive vividat-], vividv/as-,3. plural vividre-, vidr/e- etc.; parasmE-pada vividv/as- ; vividivas- ; Aorist /avidat-, data- [ Vedic or Veda subjunctive vid/āsi-, d/āt-; Potential vid/et-, deta- ;3. sg. videṣṭa- ]; A1.1. sg. avitsi- ; future vettā-, vediṣyati- grammar; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood vid/e- ; vettum- etc.; v/ettave- ; ttavai-[?] and tos- ; ind.p. vittv/ā- ; -vidya- etc.) , to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess etc. etc. (with diśas-,to find out the quarters of she sky ) ; to get or procure for (dative case) ; to seek out, look for, attend to etc. ; to feel, experience ; to consider as, take for (two accusative) ; to come upon, befall, seize, visit ; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce ; (A1. mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scilicet bhāryām-) etc. ; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman) ; to obtain (a son, with or scilicet sutam-) : Passive voice or A1. vidy/ate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada vidyamāna-[ q.v ]; Aorist avedi-), to be found, exist, be etc. ; (especially in later language) vidyate-,"there is, there exists", often with na-,"there is not" ; with bhoktum-,"there is something to eat" ; followed by a future ,"is it possible that?" ; yathā-vid/e-,"as it happens" id est "as usual","as well as possible" : Causal vedayati-, to cause to find etc. : Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, te- grammar (see vivitsita-): Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti- (for parasmE-pada v/evidat-and dāna-See vi--and saṃvid-). | | | vidadvasu | (vid/ad--) mfn. possessing or granting wealth | | | vidatra | See dur-- and su-vid/atra-. | | | vidh | (or vindh-) cl.6 A1. vindh/ate-, to be destitute or bereft of, lack, want (instrumental case or accusative) | | | vidyut | A1. -dyotate- (Ved. also P.), to flash forth, lighten, shine forth (as the rising sun) etc. (v/i-dyotate-,"it lightens"; vi-dy/otamāne-,"when it lightens") ; to hurl away by a stroke of lightning ; to illuminate : Causal -dyotayati-, to illuminate, irradiate, enlighten, make brilliant etc.: Intensive (only. vi-d/avidyutat-) to shine brightly | | | vṛddhamahas | (vṛddh/a--) mfn. of great power or might | | | vṛddhaśavas | (vṛddh/a--) mfn. of great power or strength | | | vṛddhasena | mfn. (vṛddh/a--) hearing large missiles (others"forming mighty hosts") | | | vṛddhaśocis | (vṛddh/a--) mfn. increased in lustre, very bright | | | vṛddhaśravas | mfn. (vṛddh/a--) possessed of great swiftness | | | vṛddhavayas | mfn. (vṛddh/a--) of great strength or power | | | vṛddhavṛṣṇa | (vṛddh/a--) mfn. (prob.) equals next | | | vṛddhavṛṣṇiya | (vṛddh/a--) mfn. of great manliness or strength | | | vṛdh | cl.1 A1. () v/ardhate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-; perfect tense vav/ardha-, vavṛdhe- etc. etc. [Ved. also vāvṛ-; vavṛdhāti-, dhīt/ās-, dh/asva- ; vāvṛdh/ete- ; parasmE-pada vāvṛdh/at- ; Aorist Ved. avṛdhat-, vṛdhātas-, dhātu-; parasmE-pada vṛdh/at-, dhān/a-]; avardhiṣṭa- etc.; preceding vardhiṣīm/ahi- ; future vardhitā- grammar; vartsyati- ; vardhiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood Ved. vṛdhe-["for increase","to make glad"], vṛdh/ase-, vāvṛdh/adhyai-; Classical vardhitum-; ind.p. vṛddhvā-,or vardhitvā- grammar;in vṛdh-is sometimes confounded with1. vṛt-), trans. P., to increase, augment, strengthen, cause to prosper or thrive ; to elevate, exalt, gladden, cheer, exhilarate (especially the gods, with praise or sacrifice) ; (intrans. A1.; in Vedic or Veda P.in perfect tense and Aorist; in Class. P.in Aorist future and Conditional; also P. mc. in other forms) , to grow, grow up, increase, be filled or extended, become longer or stronger, thrive, prosper, succeed etc. ; to rise, ascend (as the scale in ordeals) ; to be exalted or elevated, feel animated or inspired or excited by (instrumental case locative case genitive case) or in regard to (dative case), become joyful, have cause for congratulation (vṛdhaḥ-, dhat-in sacrificial formulas ="mayest thou or may he prosper";in later language often with diṣṭyā-) etc. etc.: Causal vardh/ayati-, te- (in later language also vardhāpayati-; Aorist Ved. avīvṛdhat-, dhata-), to cause to increase or grow, augment, increase, make larger or longer, heighten, strengthen, further, promote (A1."for one's self") etc. ; to rear, cherish, foster, bring up ; to elevate, raise to power, cause to prosper or thrive etc. ; to exalt, magnify, glorify (especially the gods), make joyful, gladden (A1.in Vedic or Veda also = to rejoice, be joyful, take delight in [instr.], enjoy etc.;with. or scilicet diṣṭyā-) to congratulate ; (cl.10. according to to ) "to speak" or "to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-): Desiderative of Causal See vivardhayiṣu-: Desiderative vivardhiṣate- or vivṛtsati- grammar : Intensive varivṛdhyate-, varivṛdhīti- | | | vṛṣṇa | m. Name of a man (see vṛddh/a-vṛṣṇa-). | | | yadā | ind. (fr. 3. ya-) when, at what time, whenever (generally followed by the correlatives tadā-, tatas-, tarhi-,in veda- also by /āt-, /ād /īt-, /atha-, /adha-and t/ad-) etc. (yadā yadā-,followed by tadā-or tadā tadā-,"as often as - so often","whenever"; yadā-- tadā- idem or '() ind. in a suitable manner, according to propriety, fitly, suitably, duly.',with repeated verbs exempli gratia, 'for example' ; yadaiva-tadaiva-,"when indeed - then indeed" yadā prabhṛti-- tadā prabhṛti-,"from whatever time - from that time forward"; yadaiva khalu-- tadā prabhrity eva-,"as soon as - thence forward"; yadā kad/ā ca-,"as often as","whenever"; yadā kadā cit-,"at any time"; yadā tadā-,"always";the copula after yadā-is often dropped, especially after a participle, exempli gratia, 'for example' yadā kṣayaṃ gataṃ sarvam-,"when all had gone to ruin" yadā-is sometimes joined with other relatives used indefinitely, exempli gratia, 'for example' yo 'tti yasya yadā māṃsam-,"when any one eats the flesh of any one") | | | yātudhānapreṣita | mfn. (dh/āna--) hurled by yātu-s | | | yuddhavat | mfn. fr. yuddh/a- gaRa balādi-. | | | yudh | cl.4 A1. () y/udhyate- (rarely P. ti-; cl.1 P. yodhati- ; imperative y/otsi- ; perfect tense yuy/odha-, yuyudh/e- etc.; Aorist Ved. yodhi-, yodhat-, yodhān/a-; ayodhīt-, yodhiṣat-; yutsmahi-; Epic yotsīs-;Class. ayuddha-; future yoddhā- ; yotsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood yudh/e-or yudh/aye- ; yudham- ; yoddhum- ; ind.p. -yuddhvī- ; -yudhya- ), to fight, wage war, oppose or (rarely) overcome in battle ; to fight with (instrumental case,also with saha-, samam-) or for (locative case) or against (accusative) etc. ; (y/udhyati-), to go ; to move, fluctuate (as waves) (confer, compare on ) : Passive voice yudhyate-, to be fought (also impersonal or used impersonally) (varia lectio): Causal yodh/ayati- (; mc. also te-; Aorist ayūyudhat- ; Passive voice yodhyate- ), to cause to fight, lead to war, engage in battle etc. ; to oppose or overcome in war, be a match for (accusative) etc. ; to defend : Desiderative y/uyutsati-, te- (P.in Class. only mc.) , to be desirous or anxious to fight, wish to fight with (instrumental case) etc.: Causal of Desiderative yuyutsayati-, to make desirous of fighting : Intensive yoyudhyate-, yoyoddhi- (confer, compare yavīy/udh-) grammar ([ confer, compare Zend yud; Greek .]) | | | yudhi | fighting, battle (only in dative case yudh/aye-;See under1. yudh-). |
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