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abhidhā | -dadhāti-, to surrender any one to (dative case; Aorist subjunctive 2. dual number -dhātam-) ; to bring upon (dative case) : A1. (rarely P.) to put on or round, put on the furniture of a horse (see abh/i-hīta-below) etc. ; to cover (a country) with an army ; to cover, protect (Aorist Potential 2. plural -dhetana-), etc. ; (in classical Sanskrit generally) to set forth, explain, tell, speak to, address, say, name (see abh/i-hita-below) : Passive voice -dhīyate-, to be named or called: Causal -dhāpayate-, to cause to name : Desiderative A1. -dh/itsate-, to intend to cover one's self  |
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abhijan | cl.4 A1. -jāyate- (Vedic or Veda infinitive mood abh/i-janitos- ) to be born for or to ; to claim as one's birthright ; to be born or produced ; to be reproduced or born again etc. ; to become: Causal -janayati- (with abhi-jñānam-) to reanimate, revivify  |
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abhikam | (future -kamiṣyate-) to desire, love : Causal -kāmayate- idem or 'ind. into the auditory passage, '  |
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abhikāṅkṣ | -kāṅkṣati-, te-, rarely Causal -ayate-, to long for, desire ; to strive.  |
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abhyāhve | -hv/ayate-, to address (with the āhāva-formula) ; (pr. p. -hvayat-) to shout at, challenge, attack  |
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abhyavajval | Caus. -jvālayate-, to enlighten, illumine  |
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ad | cl.2 P. /atti-, āda-, atsyati-, attum-, to eat, consume, devour, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /attave- : Causal ād/ayati- and te- (once adayate-[ ]) to feed ([ confer, compare Lithuanian edmi; Slavonic or Slavonian jamjforjadmj; Greek ; Latin edo; Gothic rootAT present tense ita; German essen; English toeat, Armorican or the language of Brittany utem]).  |
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adhiyat | to fasten : Causal A1. -yāt/ayate-, to reach, join  |
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āgam | P. -gacchati- (imperative -gacchatāt- ;2. sg. -gahi-[frequently, in ], once -gadhi-[ ]; perf. -jag/āma- etc.; Potential -jagamyāt- ; subjunctive -gamat-; Aorist 3. sg. -agāmi- ; subjunctive 2. dual number -gamiṣṭam- ) to come, make one's appearance, come near from (ablative) or to (accusative or locative case), arrive at, attain, reach etc. ; (generally with p/unar-) to return etc. ; to fall into (any state of mind), have recourse to ; to meet with (instrumental case) : Causal (imperative 2. sg. -gamaya-) to cause to come near ; -gamayati-, to announce the arrival of (accusative) on ; (Potential A1. -gamayeta-; perf. P. -gamayām-āsa-) to obtain information about (accusative), ascertain ; to learn from (ablative) : A1. -gamayate- ( commentator or commentary) to wait for (accusative), have patience : Intensive -ganīganti-, to approach repeatedly (accusative) : Desiderative (parasmE-pada -jigamiṣat-) to be about to come  |
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āhve | P. -hvayati- (but also Potential 1. sg. ā-huvema- ) A1. -hvayate- (but also 1. sg. /ā-huve- ; Aorist 3. plural /āhūṣata- ; infinitive mood -huv/adhyai- -hvayitav/ai- ) to call near, invoke invite, summon, cite etc. ; to provoke, challenge, emulate (in this sense only A1. ) etc. ; to call to (especially in rites said of the hotṛ-, who addresses the adhvaryu- by the ā-hāva- or ā-hvāna-;See below) and ; to proclaim : Causal -hvāyayati-, to cause to call near, send for ; to cause to summon or challenge or invite : Desiderative -juhūṣati-, to wish to call near, to be about to call near: Intensive /ā-johavīti- , to call near zealously.  |
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ājan | A1. -jāyate- (imperative -jāyatām-[ ]; Aorist 2. sg. -janiṣṭhās-;3. sg. -j/aniṣṭa-,or /ājani-; preceding -janiṣīṣṭa-) to be born etc.: Causal (subjunctive 2. dual number A1. -janayāvahai-) to beget, generate ; (imperative -janayatu-) to cause to be born ; (imperative 2. sg. -janaya-) to render prolific  |
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ajirāya | Nom. A1. ajirāyate-, to be agile or quick  |
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ākamp | A1. (perf. -cakampe-) to tremble (as the earth) : Causal P. A1. -kampayate- (parasmE-pada -kampayat- ) to cause to tremble  |
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ākhyā | P. (imperfect tense -akhyat-) to behold ; (future parasmE-pada -khyāsy/at-; perf. 3. plural -cakhyuḥ-) to tell, communicate, inform, declare, announce etc. ; to call (with two accusative) : Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be named or enumerated ; to be called : Causal P. (2. sg. -khyāpayasi-) to make known, declare : A1. (Potential -khyāpayeta-) to cause to tell  |
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ālakṣ | A1. -lakṣayate-, to descry, behold, see  |
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āmantr | A1. -mantrayate- (perfect tense -mantrayām-āsa-etc.) to address, speak to ; to summon etc. ; to call, ask, invite etc. ; to salute, welcome etc. ; to bid farewell, take leave  |
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aṃś | cl.10 P. aṃśayati-, to divide, distribute ; also occasionally A1. aṃśayate- ; also aṃśāpayati-  |
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ānand | P. -nandati-, to rejoice, be delighted : Causal P. -nandayati-, to gladden ; to bless : A1. -nandayate-, to amuse one's self.  |
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ānāyāya | Nom. A1. (-nāyāyate-) to become a net, form or represent a net.  |
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aṇḍarāya | Nom. A1. aṇḍarāyate-, to behave like an aṇḍara-, (gaRa bhṛśādi- q.v)  |
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anujan | cl.4 A1. -jāyate-, to follow in being born or produced or arising ; to take after (one's parents)  |
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anukṛp | -kṛpate-, to mourn for, long for Nom. A1. -kṛpāyate-, to compassionate, condole with  |
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anuśrath | cl.6 P. -śṛnthati-, to untie : Causal P. (Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. -śiśrathaḥ-) to frighten ([ ;"to abolish" ]) : A1. -śrathayate-, to annihilate or soften the effect of.  |
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anuvivṛt | to run along : Causal A1. -vartayate-, to follow hastily  |
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anuvṛ | to cover, ; to surround: Causal A1. -vārayate-, to hinder, prevent.  |
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apacit | Causal A1. (subjunctive -cet/ayātai-) to abandon, turn off from (ablative) : Desiderative -cikitsati-, to wish to leave or to abandon any one (ablative)  |
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apalap | to explain away, to deny, conceal: Causal A1. -lapayate-, to outwit  |
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apame | cl.1 A1. -mayate- (ind.p. -mitya-,or -māya-) to be in debt to, owe  |
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apiyāc | Caus. -yāc/ayate-, to despise, refuse (?)  |
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āplu | A1. -plavate- (Potential -pluvīta- [ varia lectio ],and -plavet-) to spring or jump towards or over, dance towards or over etc. ; to bathe, wash & etc. ; to immerse one's self etc. ; to bathe, wash another etc. ; to water, bedew, inundate ; to overrun etc.: Causal P. -plāvayati-, to wash or bathe any person or thing, cause to be bathed or washed etc. ; to bathe (one's self) ; to inundate, overwhelm, set in commotion etc. ; to dip, steep : A1. -plāvayate- idem or 'Nom. P. /ā-pruṣāyati-, to besprinkle, bespeckle : A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural -pruṣāy/anta-) idem or '( pru-= plu-) A1. -pravate-, to spring up, jump up.' ' |
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apsarāya | Nom. A1. apsarāyate-, to behave like an apsaras- commentator or commentary  |
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āpyai | A1. -pyāyate- (imperative /ā-pyāyasva- ; Aorist subjunctive 1. plural ā-pyāyiṣīmahi- ) to swell, increase ; to grow larger or fat or comfortable ; to thrive ; to become full or strong ; to abound etc. ; to make full ; to enlarge, strengthen : Causal /ā-pyāyayati- ( ; Aorist subjunctive /ā-pīpayan- ) to cause to swell ; to make full, fill up ; to enlarge ; to cause to grow, increase ; to make fat or strong or comfortable ; to confirm etc. ; to help forward ; to cause to increase or get the upper hand (exempli gratia, 'for example' a disease)  |
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arth | cl.10 A1. arthayate- (2. dual number arthayāse- ; subjunctive 2. sg. arthayāse- ) ; rarely cl.1 A1. (1. plural arthāmahe- ) to strive to obtain, desire, wish, request, ask for (accusative;rarely infinitive mood [ yoddhum-]) ; to supplicate or entreat any one (accusative,rarely ablative [ ]) ; to point out the sense of, comment upon commentator or commentary on  |
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āsphāy | A1. -sphāyate-, to grow, increase  |
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āśri | P. -śrayati-, to affix ; to apply anything : A1. -śrayate-, to attach one's self to ; to join etc. ; to adhere, rest on ; to betake one's self to, resort to ; to depend on ; to choose, prefer ; to be subject to, keep in mind ; to seek refuge in, enter, inhabit ; to refer or appeal to  |
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āśyai | A1. -śyāyate-, to become dry, dry up, shrink in drying  |
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aṭāya | Nom. A1. aṭāyate-, to enter upon a roaming life, to become a religious mendicant  |
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aṭṭāya | (Nom.fr. aṭṭā-) A1. aṭṭāyate-, to be overbearing(?) commentator or commentary  |
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aurvāya | Nom. A1. aurvāyate-, to behave like the submarine fire |
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avaday | -dayate- (1. sg. -daye-) to give or pay a sum of money (for the purpose of silencing or keeping one off)  |
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avagalbh | -galbhate-or -galbhayate-, to be brave, valiant  |
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āvṛt | P. (only perfect tense in , -vav/arta-) A1. -vartate- (Aorist 3. sg. /āvṛtsata- ; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ) to turn or draw round or back or near ; to turn or go towards ; to turn round or back, return, revolve etc.: Causal P. -vartayati- (Ved. subjunctive -vav/artati- Potential -vavṛtyāt-,etc.) A1. -vartayate- (Ved. Potential -vavṛtīta-,etc.) to cause to turn, roll ; to draw or turn towards ; to lead near or towards ; to bring back ; to turn round or back etc. ; to repeat, recite, say repeatedly ; to pray etc.: Intensive -varīvartti- , to move quickly or repeatedly.  |
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ay | = i-, only supposed to be a separate root on account of such forms of i-, as ayate- ([ ]) , etc. See i-.  |
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bal | cl.1 P. balati-, to breathe, live ; "to hoard grain"or"to prevent wealth" (dhānyāvarodha-) ; to be distressed (?) ; A1. balate- (varia lectio for bhalate-), to mention ; to hurt ; to give, ; cl.10 P. balayati-, to live, ; bālayati- Aorist abībalat-, to nourish, rear, ; A1. bālayate- (varia lectio for bhāl-), to explain, describe, . |
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baṃh | cl.1 A1. ( ) banhate-, to grow, increase ; Causal baṃhayate- to cause to grow (see bahala-, bahu-, bahula-).  |
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bhā | cl.2 P. ( ) bh/āti- (pr. p. bhāt- f. bhāntī-or bhātī- ; Potential bhāyāt- ; plural babhau- etc.; Aorist abhāsīt- grammar ; future bhāsy/ati- etc.) , to shine, be bright or luminous etc. ; to shine forth, appear, show one's self ; to be splendid or beautiful or eminent etc. (with na-,to cut a poor figure ) ; to appear as, seem, look like, pass for (Nominal verb with or without iva- adverb in vat-) etc. ; to be, exist ; to show, exhibit, manifest (varia lectio): Passive voice bhāyate-, impers, radiance is put forth by (instrumental case) : Causal bhāpayate- ; Aorist abībhapat- grammar : Desiderative bibhāsati- : Intensive bābhāyate-, bābheti-, bābhāti- [ confer, compare bhan-, bhāṣ-, bhās-; Greek , ; Latin fa1rietc.; German Bann; English ban.]  |
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bhal | (or bal-) cl.1 A1. bhalate-, to describe or expound or hurt or give ; cl.10 A1. bhālayate-, to describe or behold ; to throw up(?), (see ni--, nir--, śam-bhal-). |
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bharts | cl.10 A1. ( ) bhartsayate- (really P. bhartsayati-and once A1. parasmE-pada sayamāna- [B];rarely cl.1. bhartsati-; future bhartsyāmi-[ ],prob. wrong reading; Passive voice bhartsyate- ), to menace, threaten, abuse, revile, deride  |
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bhī | cl.3 P. ( ) bibh/eti- (dual number bibhītas-or bibhitas- Potential bibhīyāt-or bibhiyāt- ; Potential 3. plural bibhyeyuḥ- ; imperfect tense 3. plural abibhayuḥ- ; Epic also A1.1. sg. bibhye-and and P.3. sg. bibhyati- plural bibhyanti-;Ved. also cl.1 A1. bh/ayate-,and accord, to ,cl.10. P. bhāyayati-; perfect tense bibhāya-,3. plural bibhyuḥ- etc.; bībhāya- ; bibhay/āṃ cakara- confer, compare ; Aorist abhaiṣīt-, ṣma-, ṣuḥ- etc., 2. sg. bhaiṣīs- , bhais- etc., especially in mābhais-,"do not be afraid";once for plural equals mā bhaiṣṭa- ; bhes- ; bhema- , parasmE-pada A1. bhiyān/a- ,; future bhetā- grammar;cond, abheṣyat- ; infinitive mood bhiy/ase- ; bhetum- etc.) , to fear, be afraid of (ablative or genitive case,rarely instr, or accusative) etc. ; to fear for, be anxious about (ablative) : Passive voice bhīyate-, Aorist , abhāyi- grammar : Causal bhīṣ/ayate- ( etc.; confer, compare ), bhīṣayati- ( ;once mc. bhiṣ- ; parasmE-pada bhīṣayāṇa- ; Aorist bībhiṣaḥ- , ṣathāḥ- ), bhāyayati-, te- ( ; Potential bhāyayes- ; varia lectio bhīṣayes-; Aorist bībhayat-, /abībhayanta- ; ind.p. -bhāyya- ), bhāpayate- ( ), to terrify, put in a fright, intimidate etc. etc.: Desiderative bibhīṣati- grammar : Intensive bebhīyate-, bebhayīti-, bebheti- [ confer, compare bhyas-; Lithuanian bijo4tis; Slavonic or Slavonian bojati; German biben,beben.]  |
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bhrūṇ | cl.10 A1. bhrūṇayate-, to hope or wish or fear  |
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caṇḍ | (derived fr. c/aṇḍa-) cl.1.10. A1. ṇḍate-, ṇḍayate-, to be angry or wrathful  |
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caṇḍakarāya | Nom. rāyate-, to resemble the sun  |
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ci | cl.1. c/ayate- (parasmE-pada c/ayamāna-) to detest, hate ( ) ; to revenge, punish, take vengeance on (accusative), ; ([ see /apaciti-, kāti-;, , .])  |
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cint | (see 4. cit-) cl.10. tayati- (cl.1. tati- ;metrically also tayate-See also tayāna-) to think, have a thought or idea, reflect, consider etc. ; to think about, reflect upon, direct the thoughts towards, care for (accusative;exceptionally dative case or locative case or prati-) etc. ; to find out ; to take into consideration, treat of. ; to consider as or that, tax (with double accusative or accusative and iti-)  |
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dabh | or dambh- cl.1. (subjunctive d/abhat-and bhāti- ; plural bhanti-, , bhan-, and ; Potential bheyam- and cl.5.) dabhn/oti- ("to go" ; imperative nuhi- ; see A1., Passive voice dabhyate- ; perfect tense dadābha-, ; d/ambha-[ ] ; plural debhur-[ Va1rtt. 4 ] ;also dadambhur-and 2.sg. debhitha-or dadambhitha- ; Aorist plural dadabhanta- ; adambhiṣur- ) to hurt, injure, destroy ; to deceive, abandon : Causal (subjunctive and p. damebh/ayat-;2. sg. yas-, ya-) to destroy ; dambhayati- or dābh-, to impel ; dambkayate-, to accumulate, : Desiderative d/ipsati- (subjunctive [ ] and parasmE-pada d/ipsat-) to intend to injure or destroy ; dhips-, dhīps-, didambhiṣati- Pa1n2. 7-2, 49 and 4, 56 (i, 2, 10 )  |
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ḍap | cl.10 A1. ḍāpayate-, to accumulate  |
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dāy | cl.1 A1. dāyate- ( ) to give.  |
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day | cl.1 A1. d/ayate- (parasmE-pada d/ayamāna- etc.; Aorist adayiṣṭa-. ; perfect tense yāṃ cakre- ) to divide, impart, allot (with genitive case, ; accusative ) ; to partake, possess ; to divide asunder, destroy, consume ; to take part in, sympathize with, have pity on (accusative, ; genitive case ) ; to repent ; to go : Causal (Potential dayayet-) to have pity on (genitive case) : Intensive dandayyate-, dād- ; see ava--, nir-ava--, vi--.  |
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de | cl.1 A1. dayate- ; perfect tense digye- , to protect, defend: Desiderative ditsate-, [ confer, compare 1. datta-;4. 5. dā-.]  |
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dham | or dhmā- cl.1 P. dh/amati- (A1. te- ; parasmE-pada dhmāntas- equals dhamantas- ; perf. dadhmau-,3. plural A1. mire- ; Aorist adhmāsīt- ; preceding dhmāyāt-or dhmeyāt- grammar; future dhamāṣyati- ; dhmāsyati-, dhmātā- grammar; ind.p. -dhm/āya- ) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling soma- ]or trans. as,to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument) etc. ; to blow into (locative case) ; to breathe out, exhale ; to kindle a fire by blowing ; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing etc. ; to blow or cast away : Passive voice dhamyate-, Epic also ti-, dhmāy/ate-, ti- ( ) to be blown etc.: Causal dhmāpayati- (Aorist adidhmapat- grammar; Passive voice dhmāpyate- ) to cause to blow or melt ; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder : Desiderative didhnāsati- grammar : Intensive dedhmīyate- ; dādhmāyate-, parasmE-pada yamāna- being violently blown (conch-shell) [ confer, compare Slavonic or Slavonian dumo"smoke"]  |
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dhe | cl.1 P. ( ) dh/ayati- etc. (perfect tense dadhau-,3. plural dh/ur- ; Aorist -adhāt- ; adhāsīt-or adadhat- ; preceding dheyāt-, ; future dhāsyati- , dhātā- grammar; dative case infinitive mood dh/ātave- ; ind.p. dhītv/ā-and -dh/īya- ; -dhāya- grammar) to suck, drink, suck or drink in, take to one's self, absorb, appropriate etc. etc.: Passive voice dhīyate- grammar : Causal dhāp/ayāte- (confer, compare Va1rtt. 1 ) to give suck, nourish ; ti- (confer, compare anu-- dhe-) ; Aorist adīdhapat- grammar : Desiderative dhitsati- : Intensive dedhīyate-, dādheti-, and dādhāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fe1-lare; Gothic dadd-jan; German ta1-an,ta1-jan.])  |
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dhyai | cl.1 P. dhy/āyati- (Epic also te-,or cl.2. dhyāti-; imperative dhyāhi-; Potential dhyāyāt- ; yīta- ; perf. dadhyau- etc.; Aorist /adhyāsīt- ;3. plural dhyāsur- ; future dhyāsyati- ; dhyātā- ; ind.p. dhyātvā- ; -dhyāya- ; dhyāyam- ) to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect (with or scilicet manasā-or si-, cetasā-, dhiyā-, hṛdaye-etc.) etc. ; to brood mischief against (accusative) ; (alone) to be thoughtful or meditative etc. ; to let the head hang down (said of an animal) : Passive voice dhyāyate-, to be thought of, etc. ; Causal dhyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative didhyāsate- : Intensive dādhyāyate-, dādhyāti-, dādhyeti- grammar  |
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ḍī | cl.1.4. A1. ḍayate-, ḍ/īyate- ( Va1rtt. 7 ; perfect tense ḍiḍye-, ; pr. p., ḍayamāna-, ; Aorist aḍayiṣṭa- ) to fly ; see uḍ--, proḍ--.  |
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dimbh | cl.10 A1. dimbhayate- idem or ' cl.10 A1. dimpayate-, to accumulate in ' P. ti-, to order, direct idem or ' cl.10 A1. dimpayate-, to accumulate in '  |
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dimp | cl.10 A1. dimpayate-, to accumulate in  |
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ḍip | ḍimp-, ḍimbh- cl.10 A1. ḍepayate-, ḍimp-, ḍimbh-, to heap together : cl.4.6.10. P. ḍipyati-, ḍipati-, depayati- (varia lectio ṭep- ) A1. ḍimbayate-, to throw  |
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dru | cl.1. P. ( ; Epic also A1.) dr/avati-, te- etc. (perfect tense dudrāva- ; drotha-, druma- ; druvur- etc.; Aorist adudruvat- ; drot- subjunctive dudr/avat- ; future droṣyati- ; infinitive mood -drotum- ; ind.p. druṭv/ā-and -drutya- ) to run, hasten, flee etc. ; to run up to (accusative), attack, assault ; to become fluid, dissolve, melt : Causal drāv/ayati- (Epic also te-; dravayate-See under drav/a-) to cause to run, make flow ; to make fluid, melt, ; to drive away, put to flight (Passive voice drāvyate-, ) : Desiderative dudrūṣati- grammar : Desiderative of Causal dudrāvayiṣati- or dud- : Intensive dodrūyate- or dodroti- grammar (dodrāva- ) . ([ confer, compare 2. drā-and dram-; Zend dru,drvant.])  |
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dulayate | equals dur-ayate- See dur-i- under 2. dur-.  |
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duri | cl.1 A1. dur-ayate- or dul-ayate- , only in deriv.  |
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gāloḍaya | P. ḍayati- equals ḍitam ācaṣṭe- : A1. ḍayate-, to examine, investigate  |
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gandh | cl.10 A1. gandhayate-, to injure, hurt ; to move or go  |
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garh | cl.1.10.P. A1. hati-, hate-, hayati-, hayate- (the A1.is more common than P.; perf. jagarha-, rhe-), to lodge a complaint (accusative) before any one (dative case) ; to accuse, charge with, reproach, blame, censure any one or anything (accusative) etc. ; to be sorry for, repent of (accusative)  |
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garv | cl.1. P. cl.10. A1. rvati-, rvayate-, to be or become proud or haughty ; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian garbe1,"honour, glory"; Old German gelban,gelf.])  |
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gṝ | (=3. kṝ-) cl.10 A1. gārayate-, to know ; to make known, teach  |
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gṛhapālāya | Nom. A1. lāyate-, to resemble a house-dog, .  |
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gur | (see 1. gṝ-) cl.6. gurate-, to raise, lift up (or"to make effort") ; (see ati--, apa--, abhi--, ava--, ā--, ud--, pra--): gur-, or gūr- cl.4. gūryate-, to hurt, ; to go : Causal gorayate- or gūray-, to raise, lift up (or"to make effort"), ; to eat (see gūr-.)  |
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hā | (not always separable fr.3. hā-) cl.3 A1. ( ) j/ihīte- (parasmE-pada j/ihāna-[ q.v ]; perfect tense jahir/e- ; Aorist ahāsta- etc.; future hātā- grammar; hāsyate- ; infinitive mood -hātum- ; ind.p. hātvā- grammar; -h/āya- ), to start or spring forward, bound away, give way to (dative case) ; to spring or leap upon (?) ; to go or depart or betake one's self to have recourse to (accusative) ; to fall or come into any state : Passive voice hāyate- (Aorist ahāyi-) grammar : Causal hāpayati- (Aorist ajīhapat-) : Desiderative jihāsate- : Intensive jahāyate-, jāhāti-, jāheti- |
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hikk | cl.1 P. A1. ( ) hikkati-, te- (grammar also perfect tense jihikka-, kke-etc.) , to hiccup (hiccough), sob, make a spasmodic sound in the throat : Causal P. hikkayati- (Aorist ajihikkat-), to cause to hiccup ; (A1.) hikkayate-, to injure, kill (varia lectio hikk-for kiṣk-).  |
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hoḍha | Nom. A1. hoḍhate-, hoḍhāyate-  |
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hṛ | cl.1 P. A1. ( ) h/arati-, te- (once in harmi-,and once in Scholiast or Commentator on -jiharti-; perfect tense P. jahāra-, jah/artha-, jahruḥ-[ -jaharuḥ-?] etc.; A1. jahre- etc.; Aorist ahār-, ahṛthās- ; ahārṣīt- etc. etc.; 3. plural A1. ahṛṣata- ; preceding hriyāt-, hṛṣīṣṭa- grammar; future hartā- etc.; hariṣyati-, te- ; Conditional ahariṣyat- ; infinitive mood h/artum-, tos-, tave-, tav/ai- ; haritum- ; ind.p. hṛtvā-, -h/āram- etc.; -h/ṛtya- etc.), to take, bear, carry in or on (with instrumental case), carry, convey, fetch, bring etc. ; to offer, present (especially with balim-) etc. ; to take away, carry off, seize, deprive of, steal, rob ; to shoot or cut or hew off, sever (the head or a limb) etc. ; to remove, destroy, dispel, frustrate, annihilate ; to turn away, avert (the face) ; A1. (older and more correct than P.), to take to one's self, appropriate (in a legitimate way), come into possession of (accusative), receive (as an heir), raise (tribute), marry (a girl) etc. ; to master, overpower, subdue, conquer, win, win over (also by bribing) etc. ; to outdo, eclipse, surpass ; to enrapture, charm, fascinate etc. ; to withhold, withdraw, keep back, retain etc. ; to protract, delay (with kālam-,"to gain time") ; (in arithmetic) to divide : Passive voice hriy/ate- (Epic also ti-; Aorist ahāri-), to be taken or seized etc. etc. etc.: Causal hārayati-, te- (Aorist ajīharat-; Passive voice hāryate-), to cause to be taken or carried or conveyed or brought by (instrumental case or accusative; confer, compare ) or to (dative case) etc. ; to cause to be taken away, appropriate, seize, rob ; to have taken from one's self, be deprived of, lose (especially at play) ; (harayate-) See pra-hṛ- ; (hārāpayati-), to lose (at play) : Desiderative j/ihīrṣati-, te- (confer, compare jihīrṣā-, ṣu-), to wish to take to one's self or appropriate, covet, desire, long for etc. ; (with kālam-), to wish to gain time : Intensive jehrīyate-; jarharīti-, jarīharīti-, jarharti-, jarīharti- (confer, compare saṃ-hṛ-) grammar ([ confer, compare Greek .])  |
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indraya | Nom. A1. indrayate-, to behave like indra-  |
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jan | cl.1. ([ ]) and cl.10. j/anati-, te- (subjunctive janat- ; nāt- ; A1. nata- ; imperfect tense /ajanat- ; parasmE-pada j/anat-), jan/ayati-, te- (in later language only P. ; subjunctive n/ayat-; imperfect tense /ajanayat-; Aorist /ajījanat-; parasmE-pada jan/ayat-; infinitive mood j/anayitavai- ) , twice cl.3. (subjunctive jaj/anat- [ ] ; confer, compare ; proper jajanti- ; Aorist A1. j/aniṣṭa-; A1. /ajani- ; perf. jaj/āna-; 3. plural jajñ/ur- etc.; once jajan/ur-, ; parasmE-pada jñivas-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood j/anitos-, ;[ ];Ved. ind.p. nitv/ī- ) to generate, beget, produce, create, cause etc. ; to produce (a song of praise, etc.) ; (cl.10. or Causal) to cause to be born ; to assign, procure ; cl.4. j/āyate- (Epic also ti-; imperfect tense /ajāyata-; pr. p. jayamāna-;fut. janiṣyate-;aor. /ajaniṣṭa-;1.[ ] and 3. sg. /ajani-; 3. sg. j/ani-, ; j/āni-, ; perf. jajñ/e-,2. sg. jñiṣ/e-3. plural jñir/e-, parasmE-pada jñān/a-) and ([ ]) cl.2. (?) A1. (2. sg. jañiṣ/e-,2. plural jiñre-, niṣvā-[ ], nidhvam- confer, compare ; imperfect tense 3. p. ajñata-[ Aorist ] ) , twice cl.1 A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural ajanatā- ; parasmE-pada j/anamāna-, ) to be born or produced, come into existence etc. ; to grow (as plants, teeth) ; to be born as, be by birth or nature (with double Nominal verb) ; to be born or destined for (accusative) (varia lectio jayate-for jāy-) ; to be born again ; to become, be etc. ; to be changed into (dative case) ; to take place, happen ; to be possible or applicable or suitable ; to generate, produce : Passive voice janyate-, to be born or produced : Desiderative jijaniṣati-, : Intensive jañjanyate- and jājāy-, (confer, compare ) ; ([ confer, compare Latin gigno,(g)nascor; Hibernian or Irish genim,"I beget, generate."])  |
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jayadhvajāya | Nom. jāyate-, to represent a flag of victory  |
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ka | but the old form kad- is found in the veda- (See ) ; ([ confer, compare Zend ka,ko7,kA7,kat; Greek , (Ion.,) , ; Latin quis,quid; Lithuanian kas k/a-; Gothic hvas,hvo7,hva, Anglo-Saxon hwa1,hwaet; English who,what.]) The interrogative sentence introduced by ka- is often terminated by iti- (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putra iti kathyatām-,let it be said, "whose son is he?") , but iti- may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (exempli gratia, 'for example' kasya sa putro na jñāyate-,it is not known whose son he is) . ka- with or without 1. as- may express"how is it possible that?""what power have I, you, they, etc.?" (exempli gratia, 'for example' ke mama dhanvino'nye-,what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum-,what power have we to rescue you?) ka- is often connected with a demonstrative pronoun (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko 'yam āyāti-,who comes here?) or with the potential (exempli gratia, 'for example' ko hariṃ nindet-,who will blame hari-?) ka- is sometimes repeated (exempli gratia, 'for example' kaḥ ko 'tra-,who is there? kān kān-,whom? whom? id est which of them? confer, compare Gram. 54) , and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (exempli gratia, 'for example' keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam-,which book is to be read by whom? Gram. 836. a-). When kim- is connected with the inst. Calcutta edition of a noun or with the indecl. participle it may express"what is gained by doing so, etc.?" (equals ko'rthas-) |
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kakṣāya | Nom. A1. kakṣāyate-, to wait for any one in a hidden place, lie in ambush ; to intend anything wicked on  |
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kalpa | Nom. A1. pāyate-, to become a kalpa-, to appear as long as a kalpa-  |
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kalpaśata | Nom. A1. tāyate-, to appear as long as a hundred kalpa-s.  |
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kaluṣāya | Nom. A1. kaluṣāyate-, to become turbid or unclean  |
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kam | cl.1 A1. (not used in the conjugational tenses) cakame-, kamitā-, kamiṣyate-, acakamata- to wish, desire, long for etc. ; to love, be in love with, have sexual intercourse with : Causal A1. (Epic also P.) kāmayate-, -ti-, kāmayāṃ-cakre-, acīkamata-, etc. ; to wish, desire, long for (with accusative or infinitive mood or Potential ; exempli gratia, 'for example' kāmaye bhuñjīta bhavān-,I wish your worship may eat; kāmaye dātum-,I wish to give ) etc. ; to love, be in love with, have sexual intercourse with etc. ; to cause any one to love (in that sense P. ) ; (with bahu-or aty-artham-) to rate or value highly : Desiderative cikamiṣate- and cikāmayiṣate-: Intensive caṃkamyate-; ([ confer, compare Latin comis; alsoamo,with the loss of the initial, forcamo;cA7-rusforcam-rus: Hibernian or Irish caemh,"love, desire;fine, handsome, pleasant ";caomhach,"a friend, companion";caomhaim,"I save, spare, protect"; Armenian kamim.])  |
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kampāya | Nom. A1. kampāyate-, to tremble, shake commentator or commentary on  |
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kandukāya | Nom. A1. kandukāyate-, to be like a playing ball  |
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kaṇvāya | Nom. A1. kaṇvāyate-, to do mischief (see kaṇva- n.)  |
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kaphoṇiguḍāya | Nom. A1. āyate-, to be like a ball on the elbow id est to be unsteady or uncertain  |
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kapilāya | Nom. A1. kapilāyate-, to be somewhat brown or reddish  |
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kārmukāya | Nom. A1. kāyate-, to form or represent a bow,  |
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kaṣṭāya | Nom. A1. kaṣṭāyate-, to have wicked intentions vArttika  |
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khan | cl.1 P. kh/anati- (imperfect tense /akhanat-; perf. cakhāna-,3. plural cakhnur- ; A1. cakhne- ; pr. p. A1. kh/anamāna- ; imperative khanatāt- [ ]; Potential khanyāt-or khāyāt- ; Passive voice khāy/ate-[ ] or khanyate- ; infinitive mood khanitum- ), to dig, dig up, delve, turn up the soil, excavate, root up etc. ; to pierce (said of an arrow) (varia lectio): Causal khānayati- (once khan- ), to cause to dig or dig up etc.: Desiderative cikhaniṣati- : Intensive caṅkhanyate- or cākhāyate- ; caṅkhanti- or cākhāti- ([ confer, compare, ; Old German gine1m,gino1m; modern German ga0hne; Anglo-Saxon cina,cinan; Latin cuniculus,canalis.])  |
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khaṭakhaṭāya | (onomatopoetic (i.e. formed from imitation of sounds)) A1. ṭāyate-, to crackle , ām-.  |
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khyā | cl.2 P. khyāti- (in the non-conjugational tenses also A1., perf. cakhyau-, cakhye- ; imperfect tense akhyat-, akhyata- ) ; the simple verb occurs only in Passive voice and Causal : Passive voice khyāyate-, to be named, be known ; (Aorist akhyāyi-) to be named or announced to (genitive case) : Causal khyāpayati-, to make known, promulgate, proclaim etc. ; to relate, tell, say, declare, betray, denounce ; "to make well known, praise" See khyāpita-; ([ confer, compare Latin in-quam,etc.])  |
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kiṣk | cl.10 A1. ṣkayate-, to injure, kill  |
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klīb | cl.1 A1. klibate-, to be impotent, behave like a eunuch ; to be timorous or modest or unassuming : cl.10 A1. klībayate-, to be unmanly or timorous (varia lectio)  |
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kṝ | (varia lectio for gṝ-) cl.10 A1. kārayate-, to know ; to inform  |
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kṣam | cl.1 A1. kṣ/amate- (Epic also P. ti-;Ved. cl.2 P. kṣamiti- ; cl.4 P. kṣāmyati-[ confer, compare imperative A1.3. sg. kṣamyatām- ] ; perf. cakṣame- etc., 3. plural mire- ;1. dual number cakṣaṇvahe-& 1. plural ṇmahe- Scholiast or Commentator; future 2nd kṣaṃsyate-, ti-, kṣamiṣyati-; Aorist 2. sg. akṣaṃsthās- ; infinitive mood kṣantum- etc.) , to be patient or composed, suppress anger, keep quiet etc. ; to submit to (dative case) ; to bear patiently, endure, put up with (accusative), suffer ; to pardon, forgive anything (accusative) to (genitive case or dative case) etc. (exempli gratia, 'for example' kṣamasva me tad-,forgive me that ) ; to allow, permit, suffer ( ) ; (with Potential) ; to bear any one, be indulgent to (Passive voice) ; to resist ; to be able to do anything (infinitive mood) ; to seem good : Causal P. A1. kṣamayati-, kṣāmayate-, to ask any one (accusative) pardon for anything (accusative) ; (perf. kṣamayām āsa-) to suffer or bear patiently (confer, compare kṣamāpaya-); ([ confer, compare Gothic hramja(?) Anglo-Saxon hremman,"to hinder, disquiet."])  |
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kuh | cl.10 A1. kuhayate-, to surprise or astonish or cheat by trickery or jugglery  |
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kuṭ | cl.6 P. kuṭati-, to become crooked or curved, bend, curve, curl ; ? ; to be dishonest, cheat : cl.4 P. kuṭyati-, or cl.10 A1. koṭayate-, to break into pieces, tear asunder, divide ; to speak indistinctly ; to be warm, burn (see kuṭṭ-and kuṇṭ-.)  |
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kūṭ | cl.10 P. kūṭayati-, to burn ; to give pain ; to be distressed ; to counsel, advise : A1. kūṭayate-, to avoid or decline giving ; to render indistinct or unintelligible, render confused or foul ; to be distressed, despair  |
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laḍ | (see lal-) cl.1 P. ( ) laḍati-, to play, sport, dally ; cl.10 P. laḍayati-, to loll the tongue, put out the tongue, lick ; (lāḍayati-), to throw, toss ; to cherish, foster ; (lāḍayate-), to wish, desire  |
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lajjāya | Nom. (prob. A1.) lajjāyate-, to be ashamed (See next) .  |
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lay | (see ray-) cl.1 A1. layate-, to go ( )  |
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lī | (see rī-) cl.9 P. ( ) lināti-, to adhere, obtain (not usually found) ; cl.1 P. layati- ( ), to melt, liquefy, dissolve (not usually found) ; cl.4 A1. ( ) l/īyate- (Vedic or Veda also lāyate-; perfect tense lilye-, lilyuḥ- etc.; lilāya-, lalau- grammar; Aorist aleṣṭa- ; alaiṣīt-, alāsīt-, alāsta- grammar; future letā-, lātā-; leṣyati-or lāsyati-, te- ; infinitive mood letumorla1tum ; ind.p. -lāyam- ; līya- etc.) , to cling or press closely, stick or adhere to (locative case) etc. ; to remain sticking ; to lie, recline, alight or settle on, hide or cower down in (locative case), disappear, vanish etc.: Causal P. lāpayati- or lāyayati-, to cause to cling etc. etc. ; A1. lāpayate-, to deceive ; to obtain honour ; to humble : Desiderative lilīṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lelīyate-, lelayīti-, leleti- (see lelāya-).  |
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mā | cl.2 P. ( ) māti- ; cl.3 A1. ( ) m/imīte- ; cl.4. A1. ( ) māyate- (Ved. and Epic also mimāti- Potential mimīyāt- imperative, mimīhi-; Potential mimet- ; perfect tense mam/au-, mame-, mamir/e- ; Aorist /aināsi- subjunctive masātai- ; amāsīt- grammar; preceding māsīṣṭa-, meyāt- ; future mātā-; māsyati-, māsyate- ; infinitive mood m/e- -m/ai- ; mātum- ; ind.p. mitv/ā-, -m/āya- etc.) , to measure, mete out, mark off etc. ; to measure across = traverse ; to measure (by any standard) , compare with (instrumental case) ; (māti-) to correspond in measure (either with genitive case,"to be large or long enough for" ;or with locative case,"to find room or be contained in" ;or with na-and instrumental case,"to be beside one's self with" ) ; to measure out, apportion, grant ; to help any one (accusative) to anything (dative case) ; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make ; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta-,"he displayed or developed himself", ) ; (in philosophy) to infer, conclude ; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi-) : Passive voice mīy/ate- (Aorist amāyi-) ; to be measured etc. Causal , māpayati-, te- (Aorist amīmapat- Va1rtt. 2 ), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect etc.: Desiderative mitsati-, te- (confer, compare nir-mā-): Intensive memīyate- [ confer, compare Zend ma1; Greek , ; Latin me1tior,mensus,mensura; Slavonic or Slavonian me8ra; Lithuanian me3ra4.]  |
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mah | (originally magh-; confer, compare also maṃh-) cl.1.10. P. ( ) mahati-, mah/ayati- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. mahate-, h/ayate-; parasmE-pada mah/at- q.v; perfect tense mamāha- grammar; māmah/e-; subjunctive māmahanta-, māmahas- ; Aorist amahīt- grammar; future mahitā-, mahiṣyati- ; ind.p. mahitvā- ; infinitive mood mahe-,and mah/aye- q.v) to elate, gladden, exalt, arouse, excite ; to magnify, esteem highly, honour, revere etc. ; (A1.) to rejoice, delight in (instrumental case or accusative) ; to give, bestow [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin magnus,mactus; Old German michel; English mickle,much.]  |
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mandraya | Nom. A1. dr/ayate-, to praise, honour (= arcati-)  |
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mantr | (properly a Nom.fr. mantra-,), cl.10 A1. ( ) mantr/ayate- (rarely P. ti-; subjunctive mantrayaithe-, te- ; Potential mantrayīta- ; infinitive mood mantrayitum- ), to speak, talk, say ; to deliberate, take counsel, consult with (instrumental case with or without saha-) or about (dative case) etc. ; to resolve upon, determine to (infinitive mood) ; to deliberate on, discuss (accusative) etc. ; to counsel, advise, propose any measure, give any one advice (with accusative of Persian,or with genitive case of Persian and accusative of thing) etc. ; to consecrate with sacred or magical texts, enchant with spells or charms  |
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me | cl.1 A1. ( ) mayate- (Epic also P. mayati-; perfect tense manme- grammar; Aorist amāsta- ; future mātā-, māsyate- ; ind.p. -mitya-or -māya- ) . to exchange, barter (see apa--.and ni-me-): Causal māpayati- : Desiderative mitsate- : Intensive memīyatc-, māmeti-, māmāti-  |
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mitrāya | Nom. A1. mitrāyate-, (prob.) to desire or wish for friend (see next) .  |
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mnā | (see man-,with which mnā-was originally identical) cl.1 P. ; manati- (grammar also perfect tense mamnau-; Aorist amnāsīt-; preceding mnāyāt-,or mneyāt-; future mnātā-and mnāsyati-; infinitive mood mnātum-: Causal mnāpayati- Aorist amimnapat-: Desiderative mimnāsati-: Intensive, māmnāyate-, māmnāti-, māmneti-), only in anu--, ā--, praty-ā--, sam-ā--, pari-mnā-.  |
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mṛg | (rather Nom.fr. mṛga-; see mārg-, mṛj-) cl.4 P., 10 A1. ( ; ) mṛgyati-, mṛg/ayate- (mc. also P. ti-; pr. p. mṛgayāṇa- ), to chase, hunt, pursue etc. ; to seek, search for or through, investigate, examine etc. ; to visit, frequent ; to seek or strive after, aim at, endeavour to obtain (accusative) etc. ; to desire or request or ask anything (accusative) from (ablative, -tas-, genitive case with or without sakāśāt-)  |
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mṛj | (confer, compare marj-, mārj-and mṛś-) cl.2 P. m/ārṣṭi- (Ved. also A1. mṛṣṭ/e-and cl.6 P. A1. mṛj/ati-, te-,3. plural mṛñjata- ; Potential mṛñjyāt- ; cl.1 P. mārjati-, te- ; perfect tense mamārja-, mamṛj/e- etc.;3. plural mamārjuḥ- ; māmṛjuḥ- ; A1. māmṛj/e-, jīta- ; Aorist amṛkṣat-, ṣata- ; amārkṣīt-and amārjīt- ; future mraṣṭā- ; mārṣṭā-or mārjitā- grammar; mrakṣyate-or mārkṣyate- etc.; mārjiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood marṣṭum-, mārṣṭum-and mārjitum- etc.; ind.p. mṛṣvā- ; -mṛjya- ; -mārjya- ), to wipe, rub, cleanse, polish, clean, purify, embellish, adorn (A1.also "one's self") etc. ; to make smooth, curry (exempli gratia, 'for example' a horse or other animal) ; to stroke ; to wipe off or out, remove, destroy etc. ; to wipe off or transfer (impurity, debt etc.) from one's self upon (locative case) ; to carry away, win ; (mārṣṭi-), to go ( ): Causal or cl.10. marjayati-, te- (Ved., mārjayati-, te- etc.; Aorist amamārjat- grammar; amīmṛjanta- ; Passive voice mārjate- ), to wipe, rub, cleanse, purify, adorn etc. ; to wipe off, remove, destroy ; (marjayate-), to move about, roam ( ): Desiderative mimārjiṣati- and mimṛkṣati- grammar : Intensive marmṛjīti- (jm/a-, janta-, parasmE-pada jān/a-), marmṛjy/ate- ; marīmṛjy/ate- ; marmārṣṭi- grammar ; to rub or wipe off, clean, purify (A.also "one's self").[ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin mulgere; Slavonic or Slavonian mle8sti; Lithuanian mi4lsti; German,melke,Milch; English milk.] |
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nay | cl.1 A1. nayate-, to go ; to protect  |
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nīḍaya | Nom. A1. ḷ/ayate- (for ḍayate-), to bring to rest ( "bring together" id est"cause to come to close fighting") .  |
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nihve | A1. -hvayate- ( ;3. plural -juhvate- imperfect tense -ahvanta-; Passive voice -hūyate- ), to call down or near, invoke |
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nilī | A1. -līyate- (rarely P. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -līyet-) etc. or -l/ayate- (see ni-rī-; imperfect tense -alāyata- ; perfect tense -lilye-,3. plural yire-,or yur- ; Aorist -aleṣṭa- ;3. plural -aleṣata- ; ind.p. -l/āya- ; -līya- ; infinitive mood -letum- ) ; to settle down (especially applied to the alighting of birds), alight, descend etc. ; to become settled or fixed ; to hide one's self, conceal one's self from (ablative), disappear, perish  |
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nimantr | A1. -mantrayate- (ti-), to invite, summon, call to (locative case or infin.) etc. ; to invite or entertain with (instrumental case) or offer anything to (accusative)  |
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nime | A1. -mayate- (Epic also ti-; Passive voice -mīyate-), to change, exchange for (instrumental case), barter  |
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niravaday | A1. -dayate-, to satisfy any one (accusative) with (accusative or instrumental case) or with respect to (ablative)  |
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niri | P. -eti- (1. sg. subjunctive -ayā- ; dative case infinitive mood -/etave- ; A1. nir-ayate-,or nil-ayate- on P. ), to go out, come forth, go off, depart (said of persons and things)  |
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niścat | Caus. -cātayate-, to scare or drive away  |
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niṣk | cl.10 A1. niṣkayate-, to measure, weigh ; (prob. artificially formed to explain the next, or Nom.fr. it.)  |
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niṣṭyai | ( styai-) A1. -ṣṭyāyate-, ṣṭyāyatām- ; (ind.p. -ṣṭyāya-), to stick to by coagulation or condensation, to grow or crowd together  |
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nivad | Causal A1. -vādayate-, to make resound (as a drum etc.) |
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nyūṅkhaya | Nom. P. yati-, to insert the nyūṅkha- ; A1. (ny/ūṅkhayate-) to growl (as a hungry animal)  |
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ojāya | Nom. A1. ojāyate- (parasmE-pada ojāy/amāna-) to exhibit strength or energy, make effort on  |
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pā | cl.2 P. ( ) p/āti- (imperative pāh/i-; pr. p. P. p/āt- A1. pān/a- ; perfect tense papau- grammar; Aorist apāsīt- subjunctive pāsati- ; future pāsyati-, pātā- grammar; preceding pāyāt- ; infinitive mood pātum- ), to watch, keep, preserve ; to protect from, defend against (ablative) etc. ; to protect (a country) id est rule, govern ; to observe, notice, attend to, follow : Causal pālayati- See pāl-: Desiderative pīpāsati- grammar : Intensive pāpāyate-, pāpeti-, pāpāti- [ confer, compare Zend pa1,paiti; Greek , , etc.; Latin pa-sco,pa-bulum; Lithuanian pe0-mu4]  |
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pad | cl.4 A1. ( ) padyate- (ti- ; Potential padyām- ; imperative patsva- ; perfect tense papāda- ; pede- ; Aorist apadmahi-, dran- [ subjunctive padāti- ]; apatsi-, patthās- ; preceding padīṣṭ/a- ; future patsyati- ; te- ; pattā- grammar; infinitive mood p/attave- ; tos-, tum- ; -p/adas- ; ind.p. -p/adya- ; -p/ādam- ), to fall, fall down or out, perish ; to go, resort or apply to, participate in (accusative), keep, observe : Causal pād/ayati-, te-, to cause to fall (Passive voice pādyate- ; Desiderative pipādayiṣati- etc.) ; padayate-, to go : Desiderative pitsate- : Intensive panīpadyate- ; panīpadīti-  |
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palyaṅg | (pali- equals pari-and aṅg-) A1. paly-aṅgayate- (ind.p. -aṅgya-), to cause to go round, stir round : Passive voice -aṅgyate-, to turn round, revolve  |
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palyay | (paly- equals pari-and ay-= i-) A1. paly-ayate- (see ) .  |
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parāji | A1. -jayate- (see ; perfect tense -jigye- ; parasmE-pada -jigyāna- ; Aorist parājaiṣṭa- ; future -jayiṣye- ;but also P. exempli gratia, 'for example' Potential -jayet-,or -jayyāt- ; perfect tense -jigyathur- ; Aorist parājaiṣīt- ; infinitive mood -jetum- ; ind.p. -jitya- ), to be deprived of, suffer the loss of (accusative), be conquered, succumb etc. ; to submit to, be overcome by (ablative) ; to conquer, win, vanquish, overthrow etc. ; to defeat in a lawsuit  |
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parici | (2. sg. imperative -cinu-; parasmE-pada -cinvat-; infinitive mood -cetum-), to examine, investigate, search ; to find out, know, learn, exercise, practise, become acquainted with (accusative) : Passive voice -cīyate- : Causal A1. -cāyayate-, to search, seek for  |
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parikhyā | P. -khyāti- (subjunctive -khyatam-, -khyan- ), to look round, look at, perceive etc. ; to observe, regard, consider ; to overlook, disregard : Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be perceived  |
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parimlai | A1. -mlāyate-, to fade or wither away, wane, faint  |
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parimṛg | A1. -mṛgayate- (Passive voice parasmE-pada -mṛgyamāṇa-), to seek, search for  |
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paritrai | P. A1. -trāti-, or -trāyate- (imperative -trāhi-, -trātu-, -trāyasva-; future -trāsyate-; infinitive mood -trātum-), to rescue, save, protect, defend (-trāyatām-or yadhvam-,help! to the rescue!)  |
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parivid | (perfect tense -vedā-for present tense; confer, compare Greek ) , to know thoroughly, understand fully : Causal -vedayate-  |
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parivṛt | A1. -vartate- (Epic also ti-; ind.p. -vṛtya-,or parī-vartam-), to turn round, revolve, move in a circle or to and fro, roll or wheel or wander about, circumambulate (accusative) etc. ; (with hṛdi-or hṛdaye-) to run in a person's mind ; to return, go or come back to (accusative) ; to be reborn in (locative case) ; (also with anyathā-) to change, turn out different ; to abide, stay, remain etc. ; to act, proceed, behave : Causal -vartayati-, to cause to turn or move round or back or to and fro etc. ; (A1.) to roll or bring near (subjunctive -vartayāte-) ; to overthrow, upset (a carriage) ; to invert, put in a reverse order (read -vartya-for -vṛtya-) ; to change, barter, exchange etc. ; to renew (an agreement) ; to understand or explain wrongly (words etc.) ; to turn topsy-turvy id est search thoroughly ; to destroy, annihilate ; to straiten, contract ; (A1.) to cause one's self to be turned round (in having one's head shaved all round) (see -vartana-): Intensive -v/avartti-, to turn (intrans.) continually  |
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paryāhve | A1. -hvayate-, to pronounce the āhāva- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) before and after  |
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paryaṅkh | (only 3. sg. subjunctive A1. pary-aṅkh/ayāte-), to clasp or encircle round  |
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pay | cl.1 A1. payate-, to go, move  |
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pāy | cl.1 A1. pāyayate-, to void excrement  |
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pī | or pi- (connected with pyai-), cl.1 A1. p/ayate- (cl.2 A1. pr.p. p/iyāna- cl.3 P. Impv. pīpihī-; imperfect tense /apīpet-, /apīpayat-; subjunctive pipyatam-, tām-; pīpayat- A1. yanta-, parasmE-pada A1. p/āpyāna-; perfect tense P. pīp/āya-.2. sg. pīpetha-,3. plural pipyur-; parasmE-pada A1. pīpyān/a-), to swell, overflow, be exuberant, abound, increase, grow ; (trans.) to fatten, cause to swell or be exuberant, surfeit  |
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piś | (piṃś-) cl.6 P. ( ) piṃśati-, Ved. also A1. te- (perfect tense pip/eśa-, pipiś/e- śre- ; Aorist parasmE-pada piśān/a- ; apeśīt- grammar; future peśiṣyati-, peśitā- grammar), to hew out, carve, prepare (especially meat), make ready, adorn (A1. also"one's self") ; to form, fashion, mould : Passive voice piśy/ate- : Causal peśayate- Aorist apīpiśat- grammar : Desiderative pipiśiṣati- or pipeśiṣati- : Intensive See p/epiśat-, śāna-. ([ confer, compare Greek ; Slavonic or Slavonian pisati; Anglo-Saxon fa7h.]) |
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pracat | Causal A1. -cātayate-, to drive or scare away, remove, destroy  |
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pradam | Caus. -damayate-, to subdue, conquer  |
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prahṛ | P. A1. -harati-, te-, to offer (especially praise, 1. sg. proper -harmi-). ; to thrust or move forward, stretch out ; to put into, fix in (locative case) ; to hurl, throw, discharge at (locative case). etc. ; to throw or turn out ; to throw (into the fire) ; to strike, hit, hurt, attack, assail (with accusative locative case dative case or genitive case; A1.also, "to fight with each other") etc.: Causal A1. -harayate-, to stir up, excite, rouse : Desiderative -jihīrṣati-, to wish to take away, ; to wish to throw ; to wish to strike or assail (see jihīrṣu-,p.659) .  |
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prajan | A1. -jāyate- (Epic also P. ti-), to be born or produced, spring up from (ablative) be begotten (by [ instrumental case or ablative ];from[ ablative ];or with [ locative case ];in [ locative case or adhi-]) etc. ; to become an embryo ; to be born again ; to propagate offspring with or by (instrumental case) ; to bring forth, generate, bear, procreate (accusative) ; beget on (locative case or instrumental case) ; to cause to be reproduced : Causal -janayati-, to cause any one (accusative) to propagate offspring (instrumental case) ; to beget, procreate (Aorist prajanayām akaḥ-; see ) ; to cause to be reproduced : Desiderative -jijaniṣate-, to wish to be born : Desiderative of Causal -jijanayiṣati-, to wish to cause to be conceived or born  |
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prakhyā | P. -khyāti-, to see (subjunctive -khyat-; infinitive mood -khy/ai-) (ind.p. -khyāya-) ; to announce, proclaim, extol (imperative -khyāhi-): Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be seen or known ; to be visible or public or acknowledged or celebrated etc.: Causal -khyāpayati-, to make generally known, proclaim, announce, publish  |
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prakṣal | P. -kṣālayati-, to wash off, wash away, rinse etc. ; to cleanse, purify : Causal A1. -kṣālāpayate- (Potential yīta-), to have anything (as one's feet) washed  |
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pramad | (or mand-) P. (rarely A1.) -madati-, -mandati-, -mādyati- (te-), to enjoy one's self, be joyous, sport, play ; to be careless or negligent, to be indifferent to or heedless about (ablative or locative case) etc. ; to neglect duty for, idle away time in (locative case) etc. ; to be thrown into confusion : Causal P. -mādayati-, to gladden, delight ; A1. -mādayate-, to enjoy, indulge in  |
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praprajan | A1. -jāyate-, to be born again and again  |
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prapyai | A1. -pyāyate-, to swell out, swell up, be distended or exuberant : Causal -pyāyayati-, to cause to swell out, distend  |
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prārth | ( pra-arth-) A1. prārthayate- (Epic also P. ti-and pr. p. yāna-), to wish or long for, desire (accusative) etc. ; to ask a person (accusative) for (accusative or locative case) or ask anything (accusative) from (ablative) etc. ; to wish to or ask a person to (infinitive mood) ; to demand in marriage, woo ; to look for, search ; to have recourse to (accusative) ; to seize or fall upon, attack, assail  |
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prasañj | P. A1. -sajati-, te-, (P.) to hang on, attach to (locative case) ; to hang with id est to provide or supply with (instrumental case) ; to cling to (locative case) ; to engage with any one(locative case) in a quarrel or dispute, ; (only ind.p. -sajya-) to be attached to the world ; to result, follow, be the consequence of anything ; to cause to take place ; (A1.) to attach one's self to (accusative) : Passive voice sajyate-, or -sajjate- (ti-), to attach one's self, cling to, be devoted to or intent upon or occupied with (locative case) etc. ; to be in love (pr.p. -sajjantī-) ; (-sajjate-), to be the consequence of something else, result, follow, be applicable : Causal P. -sañjayati-, to cause to take place ; A1. -sajjayate-, to attach to, stick in (locative case;with na-,"to fly through", said of an arrow)  |
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prasmi | A1. -smayate- (Epic P. pr. p. -smayat-), to burst into laughter  |
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prasru | P. -sravati- (rarely A1. te-), to flow forth, flow from (ablative) etc. ; to flow with, let flow, pour out (accusative) etc.: Causal A1. -srāvayate-, to make water  |
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prāśvas | ( pra-ā-śvas-), Causal -śvāsayate-, to comfort, console  |
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pratan | P. A1. -tanoti-, -tanute-, to spread (intr.) or extend over, cover, fill etc. ; to spread (trans.), disperse, diffuse, continue, propagate etc. ; to show, display, reveal, ; to undertake, begin, perform, execute, effect, cause, do, make (also with 2 accusative) : Passive voice -tāyate-, to spread or extend from, proceed from (ablative). ; -tanyate-, to be continued or extended or particularized  |
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pratijan | A1. -jāyate-, to be born or produced again  |
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pratikṛ | P. A1. -karoti-, -kurute-, (infinitive mood pratī-kartum- ), to do or make an opposition ; to return, repay, requite (good or evil [ accusative ] , with genitive case dative case or locative case of Persian) etc. ; to counteract, resist (accusative or genitive case) ; to treat, attend to, cure (a disease) ; to repair, mend, restore ; to pay back (a debt) : Causal A1. -kārayate-, to cause to be repeated : Desiderative -cikīrṣati-, to wish to take revenge on (accusative or locative case) for (accusative)  |
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pratimud | A1. -modate- (rarely P.) ti-, to rejoice at, welcome with joy, be glad to see (with accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. etc.: Causal -modayate-, to gladden, cheer : Desiderative of Causal -mumodayiṣati-, to wish to make cheerful |
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pratyabhivad | P. -vadati-, to return a salute, greet in return : Causal A1. -vādayate- idem or 'n. ( likh-) a counter document, a document brought forward by the opposing party '  |
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pratyāhve | A1. -hvayate- (ind.p. -hūya-), to answer a call ; to respond to the āhāva- (sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order)  |
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pratyājan | A1. -jāyate-, to be born again (Potential -jāyeyam- )  |
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pratyupaviś | P. -viśati-, to sit down opposite to or before (accusative) ; to beset or besiege a person (to make him yield) : Causal -veśayate-, to cause a person to beset or besiege another ; to oppose, resist,  |
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pyai | or pyāy- cl.1 A1. ( ) py/āyate- (perfect tense papye- grammar; Aorist apyāyi- ; apyāsam- ; preceding pyāyiṣīmahi-or pyāsiṣīmahi- ; future pyāsyate-or pyāyiṣyate- grammar; pyātā-, pyāyitā- ), to swell, be exuberant, overflow: Causal pyāy/ayati-, te- etc. ; (Passive voice pyāyy/ate- ) to make overflow, fill up (mostly in compound with ā--See ā-pyai-; see pi-, pī-).  |
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raktasūryāya | Nom. A1. -sūryāyate-, to represent or be like a red sun  |
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ray | (see lay-) cl.1 A1. rayate-, to go  |
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ṛtaya | Nom. P. (parasmE-pada ṛtay/at-) A1. ṛtayate-, to observe the sacred law, be regular or proper ([ ]) ; to wish for sacrifice ([ ])  |
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śal | cl.1 A1. śalate-,"to shake"or"to cover" ; cl.1 P. śalati-, to go, move (only found in compound with preposition see uc-chal-, proc-chal-, sam-uc-chal-) ; cl.10 A1. śālayate-, to praise  |
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śāl | (see śāḍ-,which in one sense is varia lectio) cl.1 A1. śālate-, to shine, be distinguished for or endowed with (instrumental case) ; cl.1.10. A1. śālate-, or śālayate-, to praise ; ( )  |
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samabhijan | A1. -jāyate-, to spring up together, arise  |
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samabhyarth | A1. -arthayate-, to petition, solicit, request  |
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samāmantr | A1. -mantrayate-, to call upon, invoke ; to bid farewell to (accusative)  |
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samanujan | A1. -jāyate-, to be born similar to or resembling (accusative)  |
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samāpyai | A1. -pyāyate- (only in perfect tense -pipye-), to grow larger, swell, grow, increase : Causal -pyāyayati-, te-, to cause to increase or grow, refresh, reanimate, enliven  |
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samarth | (in some senses rather Nom.fr. sam-artha-below) A1. -arthayate- (rarely P. ti-), to make fit or ready, prepare ; to finish, close ; to connect with (instrumental case) in sense, construe (grammatically) ; to judge, think, contemplate, consider etc. ; to suppose to be, take for (accusative with prati-) ; to notice, perceive, find out ; to fix upon, determine, approve ; to cheer up, comfort, encourage ; samarthaya-, often wrong reading for samarpaya- See sam-ṛ-.  |
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saṃdhyāya | Nom. A1. dhyāyate-, to resemble twilight (yāyita- mfn. )  |
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saṃgrām | (rather Nom.fr. saṃgrāma-below) A1. saṃgrāmayate- (according to to also P. tī-), to make war, fight : Desiderative See siṣaṃgrāmayiṣu- and sisaṃgrāmayiṣu-.  |
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saṃhve | A1. -hvayate- ( ;Ved. infinitive mood s/aṃ-hvayitav/ai-), to call out loudly, shout together ; to relate, make known  |
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saṃjan | A1. -jāyate-, to be born or produced together with (ablative) ; to be born from (locative case or ablative), arise or come forth from (ablative), come into existence, take place, appear, happen etc. ; to bring forth ; to become, be ; to elapse, pass (as time) : Causal -janayati-, to cause to be born, bring forth, generate, produce, create, cause, form, make  |
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samprajan | A1. -jāyate-, to be produced, spring up, arise from (ablative) ; to exist, be existent ; to be born again  |
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saṃsmi | A1. -smayate-, to smile at ; to be ashamed, blush : Desiderative -sismayiṣate-, to wish to laugh at or deride |
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samujjval | (-nd-jval-) P. -jvalati-, to blaze up with great intensity, shine very brightly : Causal -jvalayate-, to set on fire, kindle  |
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samupajan | A1. -jāyate-, to arise, spring up, take place ; to be born again : Causal -janayati-, to generate, cause, produce  |
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san | cl.1 P., cl.8. P. A1. ( ) s/anati-, te- or san/oti-, sanute- (A1.rare and only in non-conjugational tenses; perfect tense sas/āna- ; parasmE-pada sasav/as- f. sasan/uṣī- ; sasanivas-or senivas- grammar; sene- ; Aorist asāniṣam-[Subj. saniṣat- A1. saniṣāsmahe-, s/aniṣanta-] ; imperative s/aniṣantu- ; seṣam-, set- ; asāta- grammar; preceding sanyāt-, sāyāt- ; future sanitā- ; saniṣy/ati- ; infinitive mood sanitum- grammar), to gain, acquire, obtain as a gift, possess, enjoy ; to gain for another, procure, bestow, give, distribute ; (A1.) to be successful, be granted or fulfilled : Passive voice sanyate- or sāyate- : Causal sānayati- (Aorist asīṣaṇat-) grammar : Desiderative of Causal sisānayiṣati-. : Desiderative sisaniṣati- (grammar) or s/iṣāsati- (? sīṣatī- ), to wish to acquire or obtain ; to wish to procure or bestow : Intensive saṃsanyate-, sāsāyate-, saṃsanti- (grammar), to gain or acquire repeatedly (only 3. plural saniṣṇata- ).  |
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śaravyāya | Nom. A1. vyāyate-, to form a mark or object aimed at  |
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saraya | Nom. A1. or/ayate-, to begin to flow  |
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śaśva | Nom. P. yati- equals śaśvāyate- below  |
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śaṭ | (prob. artificial) cl.1 P. śaṭati-, to be sick ; to divide, pierce ; to be dissolved ; to be weary or dejected ; to go : cl.10. A1. śāṭayate- varia lectio for 1. śaṭh-.  |
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ṣaṭcaraṇāya | Nom. A1. ṇāyate-, to represent or act like a bee,  |
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śaṭh | (see śaṭ-, śal-) cl.10 A1. śāṭhayate-, to praise, flatter  |
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satr | cl.10 A1. satrayate- and satrāpayate-, to extend (sambandhe-, saṃtatau- )  |
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say | cl.1 A1. sayate-, to go  |
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śeṣa | mn. remaining out of or from, left from (with ablative or locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' prayātebhyo ye śeṣāḥ-,"the persons left out of those who had departed";but mostly in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' after a pp. in compound exempli gratia, 'for example' bhukta-śeṣa-,"remaining from a meal","remnant of food"; hata-śeṣāḥ-,"those left out of the slain","the survivors"etc.) etc.  |
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śī | cl.2 A1. ( ) ś/ete- (with guṇa- throughout the proper stem : thus, ś/aye-[in also 3. sg. ], ś/eṣe-etc., 3. plural ś/erate-[in also ś/ere-and Class. śayire-]; Potential ś/ayīta- etc.; imperative -śetām-and śayām- ; imperfect tense aśeta- etc., 3. plural aśerata-[in also /aśeran-], parasmE-pada ś/ayāna- etc.;Ved. and Epic also cl.1. ś/ayate-, ti-; imperfect tense /aśayat-and aśāyata- ; perfect tense śiśye-, śiśyire- ; parasmE-pada Ved. śaśayān/a-,Class. śiśyāna-; Aorist aśayiṣṭa- subjunctive ś/eṣan- ; future śayitā- sg. t/āse- ; śayiṣyate-, ti- ; śeṣyate-, ti- ; infinitive mood śay/adhyai- ; śayitum- ; ind.p. śayitvā- etc.; -śayya- ), to lie, lie down, recline, rest, repose etc. ; to remain unused (as soma-) ; to lie down to sleep, fall asleep, sleep etc. ; (with patye-) to lie down to a husband (for sexual intercourse) ; (madanena-śī-= "to be impotent") : Passive voice śayyate- grammar (Aorist aśāyi- , pr.p. once in śīyat-): Causal śāyayati-, te- (Aorist aśīśayat-), to cause to lie down, lay down, put, throw, fix on or in (locative case) etc. ; to cause to lie down, allow to rest or sleep : Desiderative śiśayiṣate-, to wish to rest or sleep : Intensive śāśayyate-, śeśayīti-, śeśeti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ,"to lie";, "a bed."])  |
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śiñj | cl.2 A1. ( ) śiṅkte- (according to to also cl.1.10. A1. śiñjate-, śiñjayate-; pr. p. śiñjāna-,or śiñjat-[see below] ; perfect tense śiśiñje- grammar; Aorist aśiñjiṣṭa- ; future śiñjitā-, śiñjiṣyate- ), to utter a shrill sound, tinkle, rattle, jingle, whirr, buzz, hum, twang, bellow, roar [ confer, compare collateral siñj-.]  |
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smi | cl.1 A1. ( ) smayate- (mc. also ti-; perfect tense sismiye-,or siṣmiy/e-[ parasmE-pada siṣmiyāṇ/a- confer, compare upa-smi-], Epic also -smayām-āsa-; Aorist asmeṣṭa- ; asmayiṣṭhās- ; future smetā-, smeṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood smetum- ; ind.p. smitvā- ; -smitya-, -smayitya- ), to smile, blush, become red or radiant, shine ; to smile, laugh etc. ; to expand, bloom (as a flower) ; to be proud or arrogant : Passive voice smīyate- (Aorist asmāyi-), grammar : Causal smāyayati-, te- (Aorist asismayat-;also smāpayati-in vi-smi- q.v), to cause to smile or laugh etc. ; (A1.) to laugh at, mock, despise (varia lectio for smiṭ- q.v): Desiderative sismayiṣate- grammar : Intensive seṣmīyate- (parasmE-pada yamāṇa- ), seṣmayīti-, seṣmeti- [ confer, compare Greek for ; , ; Latin mirus,mirari; Slavonic or Slavonian smijati; English smile.]  |
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snā | (confer, compare snu-) cl.2 P. ( ) sn/āti- cl.4 P. ( ) snāyati- (Epic also A1. snāyate- Potential snāyāt-; Epic also snāyīta-; perfect tense sasnau-,3. plural sasnuḥ- ; future snātā- grammar; snāsyati-, te- etc.; Aorist asnāsīt- grammar; preceding snāyāt-[ confer, compare above] or sneyāt- ; infinitive mood snātum- etc.; ind.p. snātv/ā-, -sn/āya- etc.;Ved. also snātvī- ), to bathe, perform the ceremony of bathing or certain prescribed oblations (especially on returning home from the house of a religious preceptor, or on concluding certain vows etc., also with avabhṛtham-) etc. ; to smear one's self with (instrumental case) : Passive voice snāyate- (Aorist asnāyi- impersonal or used impersonally) : Causal snāp/ayati- or snap/ayati-, (with preposition only snāp-), to cause to bathe, wash, cleanse etc. ; to wash away ; to steep or soak in (locative case) ; to bathe with tears, weep for(?) : Desiderative sisnāsati- (but confer, compare siṣṇāsu-): Intensive sāsnāyate-, sāsnāti-, sāsneti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin nare.])  |
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śo | (confer, compare 1. śi-) cl.3 P. A1. śiśāti-, ś/iśīte- (accord to also cl.4 P. śyati- confer, compare ni-śo-; perfect tense śaśau- grammar; parasmE-pada śaśān/a- ; Aorist aśīta- confer, compare saṃ-śo-; aśāt-or aśāsīt- grammar; preceding śāyāt- ; future śātā-, śāśyati- ; indeclinable ś/āya- ), to whet, sharpen (A1."one's own"weapons or horns) : Passive voice śāyate- grammar : Causal śāyayati- ; Desiderative śiśāsati- : Intensive śāśāyate-, śaśeti-, śāśāti- [? confer, compare Greek etc.]  |
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spaś | (confer, compare 1. paś-;only occurring in perfect tense paspaśe-, parasmE-pada paspaśān/a-; Aorist /aspaṣṭa-), to see, behold, perceive, espy : Causal spāśayati- ( ) and spāś/ayate- ( ), to make clear, show ; to perceive, observe. [ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin spicio; German spe0ho7n,spa0hen; English spy.]  |
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sphāy | cl.1 A1. ( ) sphāyate- (grammar also perfect tense pasphāye- Aorist asphāyiṣṭa-,or asphāṣṭa- future sphāyitā-etc.) , to grow fat, become bulky, swell, increase, expand ; to resound : Passive voice sphīyate-, to become fat : Causal sphāvayati- (Aorist apisphavat-), to fatten, swell, strengthen, increase, augment [? confer, compare Greek ; Lit.spe0ti; Slavonic or Slavonian spe8ti.]  |
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sṛ | (confer, compare sal-) cl.1.3. P. ( ) s/arati- (Epic also te-and according to to also dhāvati-), and s/isarti- (the latter base only in veda-;3. dual number s/isratuḥ-,3. plural s/israte- ; parasmE-pada s/israt-[ q.v ] ; perfect tense sas/āra-, sasr/e- etc.;1. dual number sasriva- ; parasmE-pada sasṛv/as-, sasrāṇ/a-and sasṛmāṇ/a- ; Aorist asārṣīt- grammar; subjunctive sarṣat- ; preceding sriyāt- grammar; future sartā- ; sariṣy/ati- etc.; infinitive mood sartum- etc.; s/artave-, tav/ai- ; ind.p. sṛtv/ā- ; -s/ṛtya-, -s/āram- etc.), to run, flow, speed, glide, move, go (with uccakais-,"to spring up";with v/ājam-,or ājim-,"to run a race" id est"exert one's self") Calcutta edition etc. ; to blow (as wind) ; to run away, escape ; to run after, pursue (accusative) ; to go towards, betake one's self to (accusative or tatra-etc.) ; to go against, attack, assail ; to cross, traverse (accusative) ; (A1.) to begin to flow (said of the fluid which surrounds the fetus) : Passive voice sriyate- (Aorist asāri- ), to be gone etc., grammar : Causal sārayati- or cl.10 P. ( ) to cause to run ; to set in motion, strike (a lute) ; to remove, push aside (a braid of hair) ; put in array, to arrange (with dyūtam-,"the men on a chess-board") ; to make visible, show, manifest ; to nourish, foster (genitive case) ; A1. sārayate- (for sar/ayate-See saraya-,), to cause one's self to be driven, drive (in a carriage) : pass. sāryate-, to be made to flow, discharge (excrement) : Desiderative sisīrṣati-, to wish to run (vājam-,"a race") : Intensive (confer, compare sarisrar/a-) s/arsṛte- (parasmE-pada s/arsrāṇa-See pra-sṛ-) or sarīṣarti-, to stride backwards and forwards ; to blow violently (as the wind) [ confer, compare Greek ,;, ; Latin salire.]  |
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śrā | or śrai- (see śrī-) cl.1. or cl.4. P. ( ) śrāyati- (according to to also cl.2 P. śrāti-; perfect tense śaśrau-; Aorist aśrāsīt-; preceding śrāyāt-or śreyāt- infinitive mood śrātum- grammar), to cook, boil, seethe, mature, ripen (only in ; according to to also "to sweat"): Passive voice śrāyate- (Aorist aśrāyi-) grammar : Causal śrap/ayati-, te- (Aorist aśiśrapat-; Passive voice śrapy/ate-), to cause to cook or boil, roast, bake etc. ; to make hot, heat, bake (earthenware) ; to cause to sweat ([for śrāpaya-See ]) : Desiderative śiśrāsati- grammar : Intensive śāśrāyati-, śāśrāti-, śāśreti- |
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sthūl | (rather Nom.fr. sthūla-below) cl.10 A1. sthūlayate- (also P. sthūlayati- according to to some) , to become big or stout or bulky, increase, grow fat  |
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stu | cl.2 P. A1. ( ; see ) st/auti- or stavīti-, stute- or stuvīte- (in also st/avate-,3. sg. stave-[with pass. sense], 1. 3. sg. stuṣ/e- imperative stoṣi-, parasmE-pada [mostly with pass. sense] stuvān/a-, st/avāna-or stavān/a-, st/avamāna-;in stunvanti-,in parasmE-pada stunvāna-; perfect tense tuṣṭāva-, tuṣṭuv/us-, tuṣṭuv/e- etc.; Aorist astāvīt-or astauṣīt- etc.; stoṣat-, stoṣāṇi- ; /astoṣṭa- etc.; preceding stūyāt- grammar; future stavitā-or stotā- ; future staviṣy/ati-, te- ; stoṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional astoṣyat- ; infinitive mood stotum- etc.; stavitum- ; st/otave-, stav/adhyai- ; ind.p. stutv/ā- etc.; -st/utya- etc.; -stūya- etc.), to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns (in ritual,"to chant" , with locative case of the text from which the sāman- comes) etc. etc.: Passive voice stūy/ate- (Aorist astāvi-), to be praised or celebrated ; stāyamāna- mfn. being praised : Causal stāvayati- (Aorist atuṣṭavat- ; ṭuvat- ), to praise, celebrate ; (stāvayate-), to cause to praise or celebrate : Desiderative tuṣṭūṣati-, te- (past participle tuṣṭūṣita-), to wish to celebrate : Intensive toṣṭūyate-, toṣṭoti- grammar  |
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styai | cl.1 P. styāyati-, to be collected into a heap or mass ; to spread about ; to sound ; cl.1 A1. styāyate- (pr. p. styāna- q.v; ind.p. -styāya-;See ni-ṣṭyai-), to stiffen, grow dense, increase  |
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śyai | cl.1 P. śyāyati-, to cause to congeal or freeze ; (A1.) śyāyate- (grammar also perfect tense śaśye-; Aorist aśyāsta-; future śyātā-, śyāsyate-), to go, move : Passive voice śīyate-, to congeal, freeze, be cold : Causal śyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative śiśyāsate- : Intensive śāśyāyate-, śāśyeti-, śāśyāti-  |
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syam | cl.1 P. ( ) syamati- (only in 3. plural perfect tense sasyamuḥ-and syemuḥ-; grammar also Aorist asyamīt-; future syamitā-, syamiṣyati-; ind.p. syamitvā-,or syāntvā-; according to to also cl.10 P. syamayati-), to sound, cry aloud, shout, cry, shriek ; (syamati-), to go ; see cl.10. A1. syāmayate- (ti-), to consider, reflect : Causal syamayati- (Aorist asisyamat-) grammar (see above) : Desiderative sisyamiṣati- : Intensive sesimyate-, saṃsyanti-  |
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śyāmāya | Nom. A1. māyate-, to assume a dark colour (māyita- mfn.become dark)  |
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tandr | cl.1 P. drati-, = sad- ; (subjunctive drat-) to make languid : Causal dr/ayate-, to grow fatigued ( ) (with infinitive mood).  |
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trai | cl.1 A1. tr/āyate- (imperative yatām-,2. sg. yasva-and tr/āsva- plural yadhvam-and tr/ādhvam- ; Epic trāti-, trātu-, trāhi-; Aorist subjunctive trāsate-,2. dual number tr/āsāthe- preceding tr/āsīthām- ; infinitive mood trātum- etc.; ind.p. trātvā- ) to protect, preserve, cherish, defend, rescue from (genitive case or ablative) ; see pari--, saṃ--.  |
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tūlakaṇāya | Nom. ṇāyate-, to appear worthless  |
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tur | (see tṝ-, tvar-) cl.6. to hurry, press forwards, (parasmE-pada r/at-) (A1. r/ate-): cl.4. (Imper. tūrya-) to overpower ; A1. to run ; to hurt : cl.3. tutorti-, to run : Causal turayate- (parasmE-pada r/ayat-) to run, press forwards : Desiderative t/ūtūrṣati-, to strive to press forwards ; Intensive parasmE-pada t/arturāṇa-, rushing, pressing each other (waves),  |
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ucchri | ( ud-śri-) P. -chrayati- (Aorist /ud-aśret- ) to raise, erect, extol etc.: A1. -chrayate- (imperative 2. sg. -chrayasva- ) to rise, stand erect etc.: Passive voice -chrīyate- (perfect tense -chiśriye-) to be erected : Causal -chrāpayati-, to raise, erect  |
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udānī | P. -nayati-, to lead up or out of (water) : A1. -nayate-, to raise, elevate  |
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uḍḍī | (ud-ḍī-) A1. -ḍayate-, or ḍīyate-, to fly up, soar : Causal -ḍāpayati-, to cause to fly up, scare.  |
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ukṣ | cl.1 P. A1. ukṣ/ati-, ukṣ/ate- (parasmE-pada /ukṣat- ukṣamāṇa- ; ukṣāṃ-cakāra-[ ;for vav/akṣa-etc.See vakṣ-]; /aukṣat-and /aukṣīt-, ukṣitum-) to sprinkle, moisten, wet etc. ; to sprinkle or scatter in small drops ; to emit ; to throw out, scatter (as sparks) etc. ; to emit seed (as a bull) ; to be strong : Causal A1. ukṣayate-, to strengthen ; ([ confer, compare Lithuanian Ukana: Hibernian or Irish uisg,uisge,"water, a river";uisgeach,"aquatic, watery, fluid, moist, pluvial:" Greek , : Latin u1veo(forugveo),Umor,etc.])  |
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ullī | (ud-lī-), Causal P. -lāpayati-, to cause to lie down, put to bed (?) on : A1. -lāpayate-, to humiliate, subdue ; to deceive, not to keep one's promise to  |
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unmanāya | Nom. A1. unmanāyate-, to become perplexed or excited gaRa bhṛśādi-  |
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upahve | only A1. ( ) -hvayate- (rarely P. ) to call near to, invite etc. ; to call up, invoke ; to call to, cheer, encourage : Desiderative -juhūṣati-, to wish to call near  |
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upāhve | A1. -hvayate-, to call near, invite, summon ; to challenge  |
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upajan | A1. -j/āyate-, to be produced or originate in addition ; to be added or put to etc. ; to follow (as a consequence) ; to be born, originate, come forth, appear, become visible, happen etc. ; to be born again ; to exist, be : Causal -janayati-, to generate, produce ; to cause, effect  |
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upakhyā | Passive voice -khyāyate-, to be seen or perceived  |
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upaniśri | P. -śrayati-, to go near or to the side of : A1. -śrayate-, to cling to, lean against and  |
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upaprajan | A1. -jāyate-, to be born after or in addition to  |
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upaśri | P. -śrayati-, to lean (anything) against : A1. -śrayate- (p. of the perfect tense -śiśriyāṇ/a-) to lean against, support, prop ; to cling to, fit closely (as an ornament) ; to place one's self near to, go towards ; to accommodate one's self to  |
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upāvaśri | A1. -śrayate-, to betake one's self to  |
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upavṛt | A1. -vartate-, to step or walk upon ; to move or come near, approach, fall to ; to return: Causal A1. -vartayate-, to cause to move up ; to stroke upwards ; to cause to recover  |
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upavye | A1. -vyayate-, to put on or invest one's self with the sacred thread  |
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ūrdhvāya | Nom. A1. ūrdhvāyate-, to rise, go upwards  |
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ūrj | (connected with vṛj-), Causal P. ūrjayati- (parasmE-pada ūrj/ayat-), to strengthen, invigorate, refresh : A1. ūrjayate- (parasmE-pada ūrj/ayamāna-), to be strong or powerful, be happy ; to live ; ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin urge-o; Gothic vrik-a; Lithuanian verz-iu4.])  |
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ūṣarāya | Nom. A1. ūṣarāyate-, to become a saline or sterile soil  |
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uṣmāya | Nom. A1. uṣmāyate- equals ūṣmāya- q.v |
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ūṣmāya | Nom. A1. ūṣmāyate-, to emit heat or hot vapour ; to steam  |
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utkāya | Nom. A1. utkāyate-, to long for commentator or commentary on  |
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utsukāya | Nom. A1. utsukāyate-, to become unquiet ; to long for etc., (gaRa bhṛśādi- )  |
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utsvapnāya | Nom. A1. utsvapnāyate-, to talk in one's sleep, start out of sleep  |
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uttaralāya | Nom. A1. uttaralāyate-, to shudder, quiver, tremble  |
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vācyāya | Nom. A1. vācyāyate-, to appear as if really expressed  |
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vast | cl.10 A1. vastayate-, to waste, hurt ; to go ; to ask  |
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vay | cl.1 A1. vayate-, to go (for cl.1 P. vayati-See ve-).  |
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ve | (see ūy-) cl.1 P. A1. ( ) v/ayati-, te- (perfect tense parasmE-pada vavau-or uvāya-;2. sg. uvayitha- grammar;3. plural vavuḥ- ; ūvuḥ- ; ūyuḥ- ; A1. vave-, ūve-, ūye- grammar; Aorist avāsīt-, avāsta- grammar; preceding ūyāt-, vāsīṣṭa- ; future vātā- ; vāsyati-, te- ; vayiṣy/ati- ; infinitive mood /otum-, /otave-, /otav/ai- ; v/ātave- ), to weave, interweave, braid, plait (figuratively to string or join together artificially, make, compose exempli gratia, 'for example' speeches, hymns) etc. ; to make into a cover, into a web or web-like covering, overspread as with a web (said of a cloud-like mass of arrows filling the air) : Passive voice ūyate- (Aorist avāyi-) grammar : Causal vāyayati- : Desiderative vivāsati-, te- : Intensive vāvāyate-, vāveti-, vāvāti-  |
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vid | cl.2 P. ( ) vetti- (vidmahe- ; vedati-, te- ; vid/ati-, te- etc.; vindati-, te- etc.; imperative vidāṃ-karotu- [ confer, compare ];1. sg. imperfect tense avedam-,2. sg. avet-or aves-[ ] etc.;3. plural avidus- [ confer, compare ]; avidan- etc.; perfect tense v/eda-[often substituted for proper vetti- confer, compare ], 3. plural vid/us-or vidre- ; viveda- etc.; vidāṃcak/āra- etc.[ confer, compare ; according to to also vidām-babhūva-]; Aorist avedīt- ; vidām-akran- ; future vedit/ā- ; vettā- future vediṣyati-, te- ; vetsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/editum-, tos- ; vettum- etc.; ind.p. viditv/ā- etc.), to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of, have a correct notion of (with accusative,in older, language also with genitive case;with infinitive mood = to know how to) etc. (viddhi yathā-,"know that"; vidyāt-,"one should know","it should be understood"; ya evam veda-[in ],"who knows thus","who has this knowledge") ; to know or regard or consider as, take for, declare to be, call (especially in 3. plural vidus-,with two accusative or with accusative and Nominal verb with iti-, exempli gratia, 'for example' taṃ sthaviraṃ viduḥ-,"they consider or call him aged"; rājarṣir iti māṃ viduḥ-,"they consider me a rājarṣi-") etc. ; to mind, notice, observe, remember (with genitive case or accusative) ; to experience, feel (accusative or genitive case) etc. ; to wish to know, inquire about (accusative) : Causal ved/ayate- (rarely ti-; Aorist avīvidat-; Passive voice vedyate-), to make known, announce, report, tell etc. ; to teach, explain ; to recognize or regard as, take for (two accusative) etc. ; to feel, experience etc.: Desiderative of Causal in vivedayiṣu- q.v : Desiderative vividiṣati- or vivitsati-, to wish to know or learn, inquire about (acc) : Intensive vevidyate-, vevetti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek for , for equals veda-; Latin videre; Slavonic or Slavonian ve8de8ti; Gothic witan,wait; German wizzan,wissen; Anglo-Saxon wa7t; English wot.])  |
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viday | A1. -dayate-, to divide, sever, destroy ; to distribute, bestow, be liberal with (instrumental case)  |
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vihel | Causal A1. -helayate-, to vex, annoy (Bombay edition -ghātayate-).  |
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vihve | A1. -hvayate- (see ), to call in different places, call, invoke, vie in calling, contend for anything  |
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vijan | A1. -jāyate- (perfect tense parasmE-pada vi-jānivas- genitive case n/uṣas- ; infinitive mood v/i-janitos- ), to be born or produced, originate, arise etc. ; to be transformed, turn into, become (Nominal verb) ; to bear young, generate, bring forth, produce  |
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viji | A1. -jayate- (rarely ti-; see ), to conquer, win or acquire by conquest etc. ; to vanquish, defeat, subdue, overpower, master, control etc. ; to be victorious or superior etc. ; (often in respectful salutation exempli gratia, 'for example' vi-jayasva rājan-,"be victorious"or"hail to thee, O king!") to contend victoriously with (instrumental case) ; to excel in (instrumental case) ; to be about to conquer, go to victory : Causal (only Aorist vy-ajījayat-;but see vi-jāpayitṛ-) to conquer : Desiderative -jigīṣate- (rarely ti-), to strive for victory, wish to conquer or vanquish, attack, assail  |
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vijñā | P. A1. -jānāti-, -jānīte-, to distinguish, discern, observe, investigate, recognize, ascertain, know, understand etc. etc. (with na-and infinitive mood"to know not how to") ; to have right knowledge, ; to become wise or learned ; to hear or learn from (genitive case) ; to recognize in (locative case) ; to look upon or regard or consider as (two accusative) etc. ; to learn or understand that (two accusative or yat-) etc. ; to explain, declare : Passive voice -jñāyate-, to be distinguished or discerned etc. ; (especially 3. sg.,"it is known or understood" ;"it is recognized or prescribed", scilicet by authorities ;and in gram. mā vi-jñāyi-with preceding Nominal verb,"let this not be considered as") : Causal -jñapayati-, or -jñāpayati- (rarely te-; Aorist vy-ājijñapat-), to make known, declare, report, communicate etc. ; to ask or request anything ; to declare or tell that (two accusative) ; to apprise, teach, instruct, ask, beg (with accusative of Persian;and dative case of thing, or with artham- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',or prati-and accusative) etc. ; to inform of or about (two accusative) : Passive voice (only Conditional vy-ajñāpayiṣyata-,with varia lectio ṣyat-), to become manifest, appear : Desiderative of Causal See vi-jijñāpayiṣā- below (see also vi-jñīpsu-): Desiderative -jijñāsati-, te-, to wish to understand or know etc.  |
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vime | A1. -mayate-, to change places, alternate (?)  |
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vinirjñā | (only Passive voice -jñāyate-), to distinguish, discern, find out  |
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vipalyay | (paly- equals pari+ay- equals i-) A1. -ayate-, to go back, turn round, return  |
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vipralubh | Causal A1. -lobhayate-, to allure, try to seduce or deceive  |
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vīr | cl.10 A1. ( ;rather Nom.fr. vīr/a-below) vīr/ayate-, to be powerful or valiant, display heroism ; (P. vīrayati-) to overpower, subdue  |
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vismi | A1. -smayate- (mc. also P.), to wonder, be surprised or astonished at (instrumental case locative case,or ablative) etc. ; to be proud of (instrumental case) : Causal -smāyayati-, or -smāpayati-, te- (see ), to astonish, surprise : Desiderative of Causal See vi-sismāpayiṣu-.  |
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visphāy | A1. -sphāyate-, to swell  |
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vyābādh | A1. -bādhayate-, to hurt, injure  |
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vyāhve | A1. -hvayate- (ind.p. -hāvam-), to separate by inserting the āhāva- or invocation (See 2 ā-hāva-)  |
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vyānī | A1. -nayate-, to pour in separately  |
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vyavadai | Passive voice -dāyate- (p. -dāyamāna-), to be clearly diffused  |
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yā | (collateral form of5. i-) cl.2 P. ( ) y/āti- (1. plural yāmahe- ; imperfect tense 3. plural ayuḥ- ; ayān- Scholiast or Commentator; perfect tense yay/au-, yay/ātha-, yay/a-, yay/uḥ- etc.; yaye- ; Aorist ayāsam-or ayāsiṣam-; subjunctive y/āsat-, yeṣam-, yāsiṣat- ; preceding yāsiṣīṣṭhās- ; future yātā- etc.; yāsyati- ; te- ; infinitive mood yātum- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood y/ai-, y/ātave-or v/ai-; ind.p. yātv/ā- ; -y/āya-, -yāyam- ), to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey (often with instrumental case or accusative of the way, especially with gatim-, mārgam-, adhvānam-, panthānam-, padavīm-, yātrām-) etc. ; to go away, withdraw, retire etc. ; (also with palāyya-) to flee, escape (with kṣemeṇa-or svasti-,to escape unscathed ) ; to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach etc. etc. (with accusative often followed by prati- exempli gratia, 'for example' with gṛham-,to enter a house;with ripum prati-,to march against the enemy;with mṛgayām-,to go out hunting;with śirasāmahīm-,to bow down to the ground with the head;with prakṛtim-,to return to one's natural state;with karṇau-,to come to the ears, be heard;with utsavād utsavam-,to go from one festival to another;with hastam- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to fall into the hands of;with patham-or gocaram- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to come within range of; especially with the accusative of an abstract noun = to go to any state or condition, become, be exempli gratia, 'for example' vināśaṃ yāti-,he goes to destruction id est he is destroyed; kāṭhinyaṃ yāti-,it becomes hard; dveṣyatāṃ yāti-,he becomes hated;similarly nidhanaṃ-yā-,to die; nidrāṃ-yā-,to fall asleep; udayaṃ-yā-,to rise, said of stars etc.;sometimes also with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yāhi rājñah sakāśe-,go into the presence of the king ;or even with dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yayatuḥ sva-niveśāya-,both went home ; na cātmane kṛpaṇasya dhanaṃ yāti-,nor does the wealth of the miser go to [i.e. benefit] himself. ; phalebhyo yāti-,he goes to [fetch] fruits Scholiast or Commentator) ; to go to for any request, implore, solicit (with two accusative) ; (with striyam-) to go to a woman for sexual intercourse ; to go to for any purpose (infinitive mood) ; often with adverbs exempli gratia, 'for example' with bahir-, to go out ; with adho-, to go down, sink ; with khaṇḍaśo- or dalaśo-, to fall to pieces ; with śata-dhā-, to fall into a hundred pieces ; to extend to (accusative) ; to last for (accusative) ; to pass away, elapse (said of time) etc. ; to vanish, disappear (as wealth) ; to come to pass, prosper, succeed ; to proceed, behave, act ; to find out, discover ; to receive or learn (a science) from (ablative) ; to undertake, undergo (accusative) ; imperative yātu-, be it as it may : Passive voice yāyate-, to be gone or moved : Causal yāp/ayati- (Aorist ayīyapat-), to cause to depart, cause to go or march, dismiss ; to cause to go towards (accusative) (see yāpita-) ; to direct (the gaze) towards (locative case) (varia lectio pātayati-) ; to drive away remove, cure (a disease) ; to cause to pass or elapse, pass or spend (time) etc. ; to live (pāli- yāpeti-) ; to cause to subsist, support, maintain ; to induce : Desiderative yiyāsati-, to intend or be about to go, desire to proceed etc.: Intensive īyāyate- (?) , to move ; yāyayate-, yāyeti-, yāyāti- grammar |
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yakṣ | (perhaps Desiderative of a yah-,from which yahu-and yahva-) cl.1 P. A1. y/akṣati-, te-, (prob.) to be quick, speed on (only in pra-yakṣ- q.v;and once in yakṣāmas-,to explain yakṣa- ), cl.10 A1. yakṣayate-, to worship, honour  |