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| abhyāp | -āpn/oti-, to reach to, get, obtain  : Causal -āp/ayati-, to bring to an end : Desiderative P. abhīpsati- (rarely A1. ), to strive to reach, ask for, desire  |
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| ad | cl.2 P. /atti-, āda-, atsyati-, attum-, to eat, consume, devour, Vedic or Veda infinitive mood /attave- : Causal ād/ayati- and te- (once adayate-[ ]) to feed ([ confer, compare Lithuanian edmi; Slavonic or Slavonian jamjforjadmj; Greek ; Latin edo; Gothic rootAT present tense ita; German essen; English toeat, Armorican or the language of Brittany utem]). |
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| āghṛ | -jigharti- (1. sg. -jigharmi-) to sprinkle (with fat) ; to throw towards (locative case) : Caus. -ghār/ayati-, to sprinkle |
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| am | amati-, to go ; to go to or towards ; to serve or honour ; to sound ; (Imper. A1.2. sg. amīṣva-; Aorist āmīt-; see abhy-am-) to fix, render firm ; (perf. p. accusative sg. emuṣ/am-for emiv/āṃsam-) to be pernicious or dangerous : Causal ām/ayati- (imperfect tense /āmayat-; Aorist subjunctive āmamat-) to be afflicted or sick (see /an-āmayat-). |
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| āvī | P. -v/eti- (but also -v/ayati- ; perfect tense -vivāya-,etc.) to undertake ; to hasten near, approach ; to grasp, seize ; to drive on or near : Intensive (Potential 3. plural /ā-vavīran- ) to tremble, be agitated ; (for the noun āvī-See āvi-,and for āvī- f.See āvya-.) |
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| bhaj | cl.1 P. A1. () bh/ajati-, te- (2. sg. as imperative bhakṣi- ; perfect tense P. babh/āja- A1. bhej/e- etc.;2. sg. babhaktha- ; bhejitha- ; Aorist P.2. 3. sg. abhāk- ; abhākṣīt-, kṣus- ; subjunctive bhakṣat- ; A1. /abhakṣi-, kta- etc.; preceding A1. bhakṣīy/a- ;3. sg. kṣīṣṭa- ; kṣīta- ; future bhakṣyati-, te- etc.; bhajiṣyati-, te- etc.; bhaktā- grammar; infinitive mood bhaktum- etc.; bhajitum- ; ind.p. bhaktvā- etc., tvāya- ; -bhajya-and -bh/ājam- ), to divide, distribute, allot or apportion to (dative case or genitive case), share with (instrumental case) etc. ; (A1.) to grant, bestow, furnish, supply ; A1. (rarely P.) to obtain as one's share, receive as (two accusative), partake of, enjoy (also carnally) , possess, have (accusative,Ved. also genitive case) ; (A1.,rarely P.) to turn or resort to, engage in, assume (as a form) , put on (garments) , experience, incur, undergo, feel, go or fall into (with accusative, especially of abstract noun exempli gratia, 'for example' bhītim-,to feel terror; nidrām-,to fall asleep; maunam-,to become silent) etc. ; to pursue, practise, cultivate ; to fall to the lot or share of (accusative) etc. ; to declare for, prefer, choose (exempli gratia, 'for example' as a servant) ; to serve, honour, revere, love, adore etc.: Causal bhāj/ayati-, te- (Aorist abībhajuḥ- , ababhājat- grammar), to divide ; to deal out, distribute ; to cause any one (accusative) to partake of or enjoy (accusative or genitive case) ; to put to flight, pursue, chase, drive into (accusative) ; to cook, dress (food) : Desiderative bibhakṣati-, te- (confer, compare bhikṣ-): Intensive bābhajyate-, bābhakti-, [ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fa1gus; Gothic Old S.bo1k; German Buch,Buchstabe; English buck-,beech.] |
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| bhakṣ | (prob. a secondary form fr. bhaj-,or Nom.fr. bhakṣ/a-; see also bhikṣ-and bhañj-) cl.10 P. () bhakṣ/ayati- (rarely A1. te-), and in later language also cl.1 P. A1. () bhakṣati-, te- (perfect tense bhakṣayām āsa- etc. future bhakṣayiṣyati-, te- ; Aorist ababhakṣat- ; Passive voice abhakṣi- ; infinitive mood bhakṣayitum- , kṣitum- ; ind.p. bhakṣayitvā- ; -bhakṣya- ; -bhakṣam- ), to eat or drink, devour, partake of (with accusative,in Vedic or Veda also with genitive case;in the older language usually of fluids, in the later only exceptionally so) etc. ; to sting, bite ; to consume, use up, waste, destroy etc. ; to drain the resources of, impoverish : Causal bhakṣ/ayati- See above ; to cause anything (accusative) to be eaten by (accusative or instrumental case) Va1rtt. 7 : Desiderative bibhakṣiṣati- or kṣayiṣati-, to wish to eat or devour (see bibhakṣayiṣu-). |
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| bṛh | or vṛh-, cl.6. P. () brih/ati- ; vṛh/ati- (perfect tense babarha-, vav/arha-; future varkṣyati-, varhiṣyati-; varḍhā-, varhitā-; Aorist barhīt-, avṛkṣat-; ind.p. vriḍhvā-, varhitvā-, v/ṛhya-, barham-, v/arham-;Ved. infinitive mood vṛhas-: Passive voice vṛhyate-; Aorist varhi-), to tear, pluck, root up (without a preposition only with mūlam- ): Causal barh/ayati- (See ni-bṛh-): Desiderative vivṛkṣati-, vivarhiṣati- grammar : Intensive varīvarḍhi-, varīvṛhyate- |
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| budh | cl.1 P. A1. () bodhati-, te- ; cl.4 A1. b/udhyate- (Epic also P. ti-; perfect tense P. bubodha- ; subjunctive b/ubodhati- ; A1. bubudh/e-, parasmE-pada bubudhān/a- ; Aorist P. subjunctive bodhiṣat- ; imperative bodhi- ; A1.3 plural abudhram-, ran-; parasmE-pada budhān/a- subjunctive budh/anta- ; abhutsi- ; preceding A1. bhutsīṣṭa- ; future bhotsyati-, te- etc.; boddhā- grammar; ind.p. buddhvā- ; -budhya- etc.; infinitive mood b/udhe- ; budh/i- ; boddhum- etc.) , to wake, wake up, be awake etc. ; to recover consciousness (after a swoon) (Aorist Passive voice abodhi-) ; to observe, heed, attend to (with accusative or genitive case) ; to perceive, notice, learn, understand, become or be aware of or acquainted with etc. ; to think of id est present a person ("with" instrumental case) ; to know to be, recognize as (with two accusative) etc. ; to deem, consider or regard as (with two accusative) : Passive voice budhyate- (Aorist abodhi-), to be awakened or restored to consciousness ; See above: Causal bodh/ayati-, te- (Aorist abūbudhat-; Passive voice bodhyate-), to wake up, arouse, restore to life or consciousness etc. ; to revive the scent (of a perfume) ; to cause (a flower) to expand ; to cause to observe or attend, admonish, advise etc. ; to make a person acquainted with, remind or inform of. impart or communicate anything to (with two accusative) etc.: Desiderative bubhutsati-, te- (grammar also bubodhiṣati-, te-,and bubudhiṣati-, te-), to wish to observe, desire to become acquainted with : Desiderative of Causal See bibodhayiṣu- and bubodhayiṣu-: Intensive bobudhīti- (grammar also bobudhyate-, boboddhi-), to have an insight into, understand thoroughly (with accusative) [ confer, compare Zend bud; Greek for () in, Slavonic or Slavonian bu8de8ti,bu8dru8; Lithuanian bude4ti,budru4s; Gothic biudan; German biotan,bieten; Anglo-Saxon be4odan; English bid.] |
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| cat | cl.1. c/atati-,"to hide one's self." See c/atat- and c/atta- ; to go ; P. and A1. to ask, beg (= cad-) : Causal cāt/ayati-, te- (Aorist acīcattam-, acīcate- ),"to cause to hide", scare, frighten away (see niś--, pra--, vi--; see also cātaka-, cātana-, cāttra-.) |
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| cāy | (see 2.and3. ci-) cl.1. c/āyati- (imperfect tense acāyat- etc.; Aorist acāyīt-,or acāsīt- ;1. sg. acāyiṣam- ; ind.p. cāyitv/ā-), to observe, perceive, notice (see ) ; to fear, be afraid of (accusative) : A1. (pr. p. 1. c/āyamāna-) to behave respectfully : Intensive cekīyate- ; ([ see c/eru-,, .]) |
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| chad | cl.1. dati-, to cover (varia lectio): Causal (or cl.10) chād/ayati- (once ch/ad- ; chand-[fr.1. chand-] ; Epic also A1. perfect tense chādayāṃ- cakre- ; parasmE-pada yāna- ), to cover, cover over, clothe, veil etc. ; to spread as a cover ; to cover one's self. ; to hide, conceal, keep secret ; to protect () : Causal Desiderative cicchādayiṣati- Va1rtt. 2 ; ([ see Gothscadus.]) |
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| chad | or 2. chand- cl.10. chad/ayati- (also te-= arc- [ varia lectio, ti-]; subjunctive yat- ;2. plural yātha-, ), chandayati- (twice cl.1. ch/andati-[ equals arcati- ] ; A1.[ subjunctive yāte-] ; Aorist acacchadat- ; acchān- ;2. plural nta-, ;3. plural ntsur-, ; subjunctive chantsat-[ ] ;2. sg. tsi-, ; perf. cacchanda-, ; Potential cacchadyāt-, ) to seem, appear, be considered as ; to seem good, please (with dative case) ; (with acc,) (see ) ; A1. to be pleased with, delight in (accusative or locative case) ; chandayati-, to gratify any one (accusative;exceptionally genitive case ) with anything (instrumental case, especially vareṇa-,"with a boon" ) ; to try to seduce any one (accusative) |
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| cit | cl.1. c/etati- (imperfect tense acetat- ; parasmE-pada c/etat- ) cl.2. (A1. Passive voice 3. sg. cit/e-, ; parasmE-pada f. instrumental case citantyā-, ; A1. citāna-, ) cl.3. irreg. cīhetati- (; subjunctive ciketat- ; imperative 2. sg. cikiddhi- ; parasmE-pada cikitān/a- ; perf. cik/eta- etc.; ciceta- ;3. dual number cetatur- ; A1.and Passive voice cikit/e- etc.;3. plural tre- ;for parasmE-pada cikitv/as-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order; A1. Passive voice cicite- ; Aorist acetīt- ; A1. Passive voice /aceti-and c/eti- ;for acait-See 2. ci-; future 1st c/ettā-, ) to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive, observe, take notice of (accusative or genitive case) ; to aim at, intend, design (with dative case) ; to be anxious about, care for (accusative or genitive case), ; to resolve, ; to understand, comprehend, know (perf. often in the sense of proper) ; P. A1. to become perceptible, appear, be regarded as, be known : Causal cet/ayati-, te- (2. plural cet/ayadhvam- subjunctive cetayat- imperative 2. dual number cetayethām- imperfect tense /acetayat- ;3. plural cit/ayante- ; parasmE-pada cit/ayat- (eleven times); cet/ayat-, ; A1. cetayāna-See sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order) to cause to attend, make attentive, remind of. ; to cause to comprehend, instruct, teach ; to observe, perceive, be intent upon ; A1. (once P. ) to form an idea in the mind, be conscious of, understand, comprehend, think, reflect upon ; P. to have a right notion of. know ; P. "to recover consciousness", awake ; A1. to remember, have consciousness of (accusative) ; to appear, be conspicuous, shine : Desiderative c/ikitsati- (fr. kit- ;exceptionally A1. ; imperative tsatu- subjunctive tsāt- Aorist 2. sg. /acikitsīs- ; Passive voice parasmE-pada cikitsyamāna- ) to have in view, aim at, be desirous ; to care for, be anxious about, ; ( ) to treat medically, cure ; to wish to appear : Causal of Desiderative (future cikitsayiṣyati-) to cure : Intensive cekite- (fr.2. ci-?,or for tte- ; parasmE-pada c/ekitat-, ; A1. c/ekitāna- eight times) to appear, be conspicuous, shine |
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| cud | cl.1. c/odati-, te- (subjunctive c/odat-; imperative da-, data-, dasva-,(2. dual number) dethām-; Aorist 2. sg. codīs-; pr. p. See a-cod/at-), to impel, incite, animate ; to bring or offer quickly (as the soma-) ; A1. to hasten : Causal cod/ayati-, rarely te- (subjunctive 2. sg. yāsi-, yāse-; Aorist acūcudat- ; parasmE-pada cod/ayat-;Pan. codyamāna-), to sharpen, whet (confer, compare ) ; ; to impel, incite, cause to move quickly, accelerate etc. ; (with cakṣus-) to direct (the eye) towards (locative case) ; to inspire, excite, animate ; to request, petition, ask, urge on, press or importune with a request etc. ; help on, assist in the attainment of (dative case) ; to bring or offer quickly, ; to ask for ; to inquire after ; to enjoin, fix, settle ; to object, criticise ; to be quick ; ([ confer, compare , ; Latin cudo.]) |
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| cyu | cl.1. cy/avate- (Epic also ti-; subjunctive 1. sg. cy/avam- ;3. plural cyavanta-, future cyoṣyate- ; Aorist 2. plural acyoḍhvam-[ subjunctive cy-, ] and preceding cyoṣīḍhvam- ) to move to and fro, shake about ; to stir, move from one's place, go away, retire from (ablative), turn off; ; ; to deviate from (ablative), abandon (duty etc. ablative;exceptionally genitive case infinitive mood cyavitum-) ; to come forth from, come out of. drop from, trickle, stream forth from (ablative; see 2. cyut-), ; to fall down, fall, slide from (ablative), ; to fall from any divine existence (so as to be re-born as a man) ; to die ; "to fall from", be deprived of, lose (with ablative) (Aorist acyoṣṭa-) ; to fall away, fade away, disappear, vanish, perish ; to fail ; to sink down, sink (literally and figuratively) ; (in the series of re-births) ; to decrease (with instrumental case) ; to bring about, create, make (perfect tense 2. sg. cicyuṣ/e- see ); (perfect tense cucyuv/e-) ; to cause to go away, make forget ; Causal cyāv/ayati- (once cyav- always cyav-, parasmE-pada cyāv/ayat- ; imperfect tense acucyavur-, ; perfect tense cyāvayām āsa- ) P. to cause to move, shake, agitate ; A1. to be moved or shaken ; P. to loosen, ; to remove from a place, drive away from (ablative) ; to cause (rain, v/ṛṣṭim-) to fall ; to deprive any one (accusative) of (accusative) ; Intensive (imperfect tense 2. plural acucyavītana-) to shake : Causal Desiderative cicyāvayiṣati- or cucy- |
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| dakṣ | cl.1 P. (imperative 2. plural d/akṣatā-) to act to the satisfaction of (dative case ) ; A1. d/akṣate- (parasmE-pada d/akṣamāṇa-; perfect tense dadakṣe-) to be able or strong, ; to grow, increase ; to act quickly ; to go, ; to hurt : Causal dakṣ/ayati- (Aorist adadakṣa-), to make able or strong |
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| dhāv | cl.1 P. A1. dh/āvati-, te- (perfect tense dadhāva-, ve- grammar; Aorist adadhāvat- ; adhāvīt- ; preceding dhāvyāsam- grammar; future dhāviṣyati- , te-and dhāvitā- grammar; ind.p. dhāvitvā-and vya- ; dhautvA grammar) ; to run, flow, stream, move, glide, swim etc. ; to run after (with or scilicet paścāt-) etc. = seek for (accusative) ; run towards (-abhimukham-) run a race (ājim-) run as fast as possible (sarvaṃ javam-) ; run to and fro (itaś cetaś ca-) ; run away, flee ; to advance or rush against (accusative) ; (prati-) : Causal dhāv/ayati- (Aorist adīdhavat- grammar) to make run, impel ; to drive in a chariot, (with instrumental case of the vehicle and accusative of the way) ; to jump, dance (see 2. dhan-, dhanv-, dhav-;1. dhū-.) |
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| dhe | cl.1 P. () dh/ayati- etc. (perfect tense dadhau-,3. plural dh/ur- ; Aorist -adhāt- ; adhāsīt-or adadhat- ; preceding dheyāt-, ; future dhāsyati- , dhātā- grammar; dative case infinitive mood dh/ātave- ; ind.p. dhītv/ā-and -dh/īya- ; -dhāya- grammar) to suck, drink, suck or drink in, take to one's self, absorb, appropriate etc. etc.: Passive voice dhīyate- grammar : Causal dhāp/ayāte- (confer, compare Va1rtt. 1 ) to give suck, nourish ; ti- (confer, compare anu-- dhe-) ; Aorist adīdhapat- grammar : Desiderative dhitsati- : Intensive dedhīyate-, dādheti-, and dādhāti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin fe1-lare; Gothic dadd-jan; German ta1-an,ta1-jan.]) |
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| dhṛ | cl.1 P. A1. dharati-, te- (; A1. Potential dhareran- ), but more commonly in the same sense the Causal form dhārayati-, te- (perf. P. dādh/āra-, dh/artha-[Impv. dadhartu- ]; A1. dadhr/e-,3. plural dhrir/e- etc.; Aorist adhāram- ; adhṛta-, dhṛthās- ; /adīdharat- etc.[ dīdhar-, didhṛtam-, ta- ;3. plural rata- ]; adārṣīt- grammar; future dhariṣyati- ; ṣy/e- ; dhartā- ; infinitive mood dhartum- , tavai- [ dhart/ari-See under tṛ-]; ind.p. dhṛtvā-, -dhṛtya- ) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo etc. ; (with or scil ātmānam-, jīvitam-, prāṇān-, deham-, śarīram-etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive etc. (especially future dhariṣyati-; confer, compare Passive voice below) ; to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist etc. ; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative case) etc. ; to destine for (dative case; A1.also to be destined for or belong to) ; to present to (genitive case) ; to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative case or dative case) ; A1. to be ready or prepared for ; P. A1. to owe anything (accusative) to (dative case or genitive case) (confer, compare ) ; to prolong (in pronunciation) ; to quote, cite ; (with garbham-) to conceive, be pregnant (older bham-bhṛ-) etc. ; (with daṇḍam-) to inflict punishment on (locative case) (also damam-) ; (with keśān-,or śmaśru-) to let the hair or beard grow ; (with raśmīn-[ ] or praharān-[ ]) to draw the reins tight ; (with dharamam-) to fulfil a duty ; (with vrat/am-) to observe or keep a vow etc. ; (with dhāraṇām-) to practise self-control ; (wit. ipas-) to perform penance ; (with mūrdhnā-or dhni-, śirasā-or si-) to bear on the head, honour highly ; (with or scilicet tulayā-) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure etc. ; (with or scilicet manasā-) to bear in mind, recollect, remember ; (with samaye-) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact (Bombay edition dṛṣṭvā-for dhṛtvā-): Passive voice dhriy/ate- (Epic also yati-; perfect tense dadhr/e-etc. = A1.; Aorist adhāri-) to be borne etc. ; so be firm, keep steady etc. ; continue living, exist, remain etc. (also dhāryate- ) ; to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative case; accusative or infinitive mood) : Causal dhār/ayati-, te- See above: Desiderative didhīrṣati- (See ṣā-), didhariṣate- ; didhārayiṣati-, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam-) : Intensive d/ardharti- () and dādharti- (3. plural dhrati- ; confer, compare ) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten. [ confer, compare Zend dar; Greek ,; Latin fre1-tus,fre1-num.] |
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| dhrai | cl.1 P. dhrāyati-, to be pleased or satisfied ; cl.2. etc. dhr/āti-, dhr/āti-, dhr/ayati- See dhr/a-. |
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| dhūpaya | Nom. P. p/ayati-, to fumigate, perfume etc. ; (astrology) to obscure with mist, be about to eclipse ; to speak or to shine |
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| dhvaṃs | or dhvas- cl.1 P. A1. dhvaṃsati- (to go ), te- (; perf. dadhvaṃsur- ; dadhvaṃsire- [also dhvaṃsire-] ; -dadhvase- ; Aorist -dhvas/an- ; adhvaṃsiṣṭa- grammar; future dhvaṃsiṣyate-, sitā- ; ind.p. -dhvasya- ), to fall to pieces or to dust, decay, be ruined, perish etc. ; to be gone, vanish (only imperative dhvaṃsa-, sata-, satām-) ; to scatter, cover etc. (only dhvasta- q.v): Passive voice dhvasyate- ( ) ; ti- () to be destroyed, perish: Causal dhvaṃs/ayati-, te-, to scatter ; to destroy, disperse, disturb ; to violate (a woman) ; dhvas/ayati-, to scintillate, sparkle (agni-) : Desiderative didhvaṃsiṣate- grammar : Intensive danīdhvasyate-, dhvaṃsīti- [ confer, compare German dunst,tunst; Anglo-Saxon du7st,Engl.dust.] |
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| dhyai | cl.1 P. dhy/āyati- (Epic also te-,or cl.2. dhyāti-; imperative dhyāhi-; Potential dhyāyāt- ; yīta- ; perf. dadhyau- etc.; Aorist /adhyāsīt- ;3. plural dhyāsur- ; future dhyāsyati- ; dhyātā- ; ind.p. dhyātvā- ; -dhyāya- ; dhyāyam- ) to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect (with or scilicet manasā-or si-, cetasā-, dhiyā-, hṛdaye-etc.) etc. ; to brood mischief against (accusative) ; (alone) to be thoughtful or meditative etc. ; to let the head hang down (said of an animal) : Passive voice dhyāyate-, to be thought of, etc. ; Causal dhyāpayati- grammar : Desiderative didhyāsate- : Intensive dādhyāyate-, dādhyāti-, dādhyeti- grammar |
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| dī | (dīdī-or dīdi-). cl.3 P. 3. plural dīdyati- (imperative dīdihi-and didīh/i- ; imperfect tense /adīdet- ; perfect tense dīdāya-or() dīdaya-; dīd/etha-, didiyus- ; subjunctive dīd/ayati-, yat- ; d/īdayat- ; dīdāyat- ; dīdayante- ; preceding dīdyāsam- ; parasmE-pada Pres. P. d/īdiat- A1. d/īdiāna-, parasmE-pada perfect tense dīv/as-) to shine, be bright ; to shine forth, excel, please, be admired ; bestow upon (locative case or dative case) by shining |
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| dīp | cl.4 A1. dīpyate- (dīpy/ate- , dipyati- perfect tense didīpe- ; future dīpiṣyate-, dīpitā-; Aorist adīpi-, adipiṣṭa- infinitive mood dipitum- ) to blaze, flare, shine, be luminous or illustrious etc. ; glow, burn (also with anger ): Causal dip/ayati-, te- Aorist adīdipat- or adidipat- () to kindle, set on fire, inflame ; illuminate, make illustrious etc. ; excite, rouse : Desiderative didīpiṣate-: Intensive dedīpyate-, to blaze fiercely, shine intensely, be very bright ; parasmE-pada dedīpyantī- |
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| dru | cl.1. P. (; Epic also A1.) dr/avati-, te- etc. (perfect tense dudrāva- ; drotha-, druma- ; druvur- etc.; Aorist adudruvat- ; drot- subjunctive dudr/avat- ; future droṣyati- ; infinitive mood -drotum- ; ind.p. druṭv/ā-and -drutya- ) to run, hasten, flee etc. ; to run up to (accusative), attack, assault ; to become fluid, dissolve, melt : Causal drāv/ayati- (Epic also te-; dravayate-See under drav/a-) to cause to run, make flow ; to make fluid, melt, ; to drive away, put to flight (Passive voice drāvyate-, ) : Desiderative dudrūṣati- grammar : Desiderative of Causal dudrāvayiṣati- or dud- : Intensive dodrūyate- or dodroti- grammar (dodrāva- ) . ([ confer, compare 2. drā-and dram-; Zend dru,drvant.]) |
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| duh | (originally dugh- see d/ughāna-, dugha-etc., and the initial dh-of some forms) cl.2 P.A1. dogdhi- ; dugdhe- or duh/e- etc. (plural A1. duhat/e-, ; duhrate-, ; duhr/e-, ; imperfect tense P. /adhok-, ; duh/ur- ; A1. adugdha-[according to Aorist ] plural aduhra-,i sg. aduha- plural hra- [ see ]; imperative dhukṣva- sg. duh/ām- ; plural duhr/ām-, r/atām- ; dhuṅgdhvam- ; subjunctive dohat-[3 plural hān- ], hate- ; Potential duhīyat- ; y/an-, ; A1. hīta-, ; parasmE-pada P. duh/at- A1. duhān/a-, d/uhāna-,and d/ugh- ; cl.6 P. A1. duh/ati-, te- etc.; cl.4. duhyati-, te- ; perfect tense dud/oha-[ hitha- ], duduh/e-,3 plural duduhur-[ dudūhur- ] etc.; A1. duduhre- [ hrire-]; future dhokṣyati-, te- ; Aorist /adhukṣat-, ṣata-[3 sg. plural ], adukṣat-, ; dukṣata-,3 sg. ; imperative dhukṣ/asva- ; Potential dhukṣīm/ahi- ; infinitive mood dogdhum- etc.; dogdhos- ; duh/adhyai-and doh/ase- ; ind.p. dugdhvā- ) to milk (a cow or an udder) figuratively take advantage of (see) , enjoy ; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, soma- exempli gratia, 'for example' any good thing) ; draw anything out of another thing (with 2 accusative) etc. ; (mostly A1.) to give milk, yield any desired object (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc. etc.: Passive voice duhy/ate- Aorist adohi- ( ) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from etc.: Causal doh/ayati-, te- Aorist adūduhat- Passive voice dohy/ate-, to cause to milk or be milked ; to milk, milk out, extract : Desiderative d/udukṣati- (), dudhukṣati- ( see dudhukṣu-), to wish to milk. |
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| duṣ | cl.4 P. duṣyati- (te- ; perfect tense dudoṣa-; future dokṣyati-, doṣṭā- : Aorist aduṣat- ; adukṣat- ) to become bad or corrupted, to be defiled or impure, to be ruined, perish ; to sin, commit a fault, be wrong etc.: Causal dūṣ/ayati- (Epic also te-) See under dūṣa- ; doṣayati- (), to spoil or corrupt (the mind) . |
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| gai | cl.1 P. g/āyati-, rarely A1. te- (1. sg. g/āye-[ ] & gāyiṣe-[ ] etc.) , exceptionally cl.2. gāti- ( : cl.3 P. jigāti- ; perf. jagau- etc.; Aorist agāsīt-; preceding geyāt- ; pr. p. P. g/āyat- etc.; ind.p. gītvā-[with preposition -gāya-() -g/īya- etc.]; infinitive mood gātum-), to sing, speak or recite in a singing manner, sing to (dative case ), praise in song (with accusative), relate in metrical language etc. ; to sing before (accusative) : Passive voice gīy/ate- (parasmE-pada y/amāna-), to be sung or praised in song etc. ; to be called (perf. jage-), etc.: Causal gāpayati- (Potential 3. plural gāyayeyur- ), to cause to sing or praise in song etc.: Intensive jegīyate- () , to sing ; to be sung or praised in song ; to be asserted obstinately ; ([ confer, compare 3. gā-; confer, compare also Lithuanian zaidziu.]) |
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| gūrdh | cl.10 P. dh/ayati- () to praise |
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| hṛṣ | cl.1 P. A1. h/arṣati-, te- (from P.only parasmE-pada h/arṣat-), to be excited or impatient, rejoice in the prospect of, be anxious or impatient for (dative case) ; to speak or affirm falsely, lie ; cl.4 P. () hṛṣyati- (Epic and mc. also te-; perfect tense jaharṣa-, jahṛṣuḥ-; jahṛṣe-, ṣire- etc.; Aorist ahṛṣat- ; future harṣitā-, harṣiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood harṣitum- ; ind.p. -hṛṣya- etc.) , to thrill with rapture, rejoice, exult, be glad or pleased etc. ; to become sexually excited ; to become erect or stiff or rigid, bristle (said of the hairs of the body etc.), become on edge (like the teeth) : Passive voice hṛṣyate- (Aorist aharṣi-) grammar : Causal harṣ/ayati-, te- (Aorist ajīhṛṣat-,or ajaharṣat-), to excite, make impatient or eager for (victory etc.) etc. ; to rejoice, be glad ; to cause to bristle : Desiderative jiharṣiṣati- grammar : Intensive jarīhṛṣyate-, jarharṣṭi- etc. (Ved. forms jarhṛṣanta-, j/arhṛṣāṇa-and jāhṛṣāṇ/a-), to be impatient or excited ; to excite violently [ confer, compare Latin horreoforhorseo.] |
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| hve | cl.1 P. A1. () hv/ayati-, te- (Vedic or Veda also h/avate-and huv/ati-, te-; other present forms are hve- ; hvāmahe- ; h/oma-, hūm/ahe-, juhūm/asi- ; p. huvān/a-[with pass. sense] ; hvayāna- ; perfect tense juhāva-, juhuvuḥ- etc.; juhv/e-, juhūr/e- ; juhuve-, huhurire- ; hvayāṃ-āsa-and hvayāṃ-cakre- ; Aorist /ahvat-, ahvata-[or ahvāsta- ] etc. etc.; ahvi- ; /ahūmahi-, ahūṣata- ; ahvāsīt-[?] ; future hvātā- grammar; hvayiṣyati-, te- ; hvāsyate- ; infinitive mood Class. hvātum-; Vedic or Veda h/avitave-, hv/ayitum-, tav/ai-; huv/adhyai-; ind.p. Class. hūtvā-;Ved. -h/ūya-and -hāvam-), to call, call upon, summon, challenge, invoke (with nāmnā-,"to call by name"; with yuddhe-,"to challenge to fight") etc. ; to emulate, vie with : Passive voice hūy/ate- (Aorist /ahāvi-,or ahvāyi-), to be called etc. : Causal hvāyayati- (Aorist ajūhavat-or ajuhāvat-), to cause anyone (accusative) to be challenged by (instrumental case) : Desiderative juhūṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive johūyate- or j/ohavīti- (johuvanta-, ajohavuḥ-, j/ohuvat-, j/ohuvāna- ) or johoti- (grammar), to call on, invoke etc. [ confer, compare Greek .] |
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| i | cl.2 P. /eti- (imperative 2. sg. ih/i-) and 1. P. A1. /ayati-, ayate- ([ confer, compare ay-]), (perfect tense iyāya-[2. sg. iy/atha- , and iy/etha- ] future eṣyati-; Aorist aiṣīt-; infinitive mood etum-, /etave- and , /etav/ai- /etos- ity/ai- ) to go, walk ; to flow ; to blow ; to advance, spread, get about ; to go to or towards (with accusative), come etc. ; to go away, escape, pass, retire ; to arise from, come from ; to return (in this sense only future) ; (with punar-) to come back again, return etc. ; to succeed ; to arrive at, reach, obtain etc. ; to fall into, come to ; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (confer, compare ita-) ; to undertake anything (with accusative) ; to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a participle or instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti-,"the asura-s and Rakshases are being continually crushed" ; gavāmayaneneyuḥ-,"they, were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana-" ) ; to appear, be : Intensive A1. /īyate- (; parasmE-pada iyān/a- ; infinitive mood iy/adhyai- ) to go quickly or repeatedly ; to come, wander, run, spread, get about ; to appear, make one's appearance ; to approach any one with requests (with two accusative), ask, request : Passive voice /īyate-, to be asked or requested : Causal āyayati-, to cause to go or escape ; ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin e-o,i1-mus,i-ter,etc.; Lithuanian ei-mi4,"I go"; Slavonic or Slavonian i-du7,"I go",i-ti,"to go"; Gothic i-ddja,"I went."]) |
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| īl | Causal P. īl/ayati-, to move (see īr-, Causal) |
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| īṅkh | or iṅkh- cl.1 P. (iṅkhati-, iṅkhāṃ-cakāra-,or īṅkhati-, īṅkhāṃ-cakāra-, iṅkhitum-or īṅkhitum-) to go, move : Causal īṅkh/ayati-, to move backwards and forwards, move up and down, swing |
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| īr | cl.2 A1. /īrte- (3. plural /īrate- ), iraṃ-cakre-, iriṣyati-, airiṣṭa-, īritum- ; Ved. infinitive mood ir/adhyai- , to go, move, rise, arise from ; to go away, retire ; to agitate, elevate, raise (one's voice) : Causal P. īr/ayati- (see īl-), to agitate, throw, cast ; to excite etc. ; to cause to rise ; to bring to life ; to raise one's voice, utter, pronounce, proclaim, cite etc. ; to elevate : A1. to raise one's self |
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| iṣaya | Nom. P. A1. iṣ/ayati-, -te- (infinitive mood iṣay/adhyai- ) to be sappy ; to be fresh or active or powerful ; to refresh, strengthen, animate |
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| jabh | or jambh- (cl.1. jabhate-or jambh- ; Aorist subjunctive jambhiṣat-) to snap at (genitive case) : Causal jambh/ayati- (parasmE-pada yat-) to crush, destroy : Intensive jañjabhy/ate- (and bhīti- ; parasmE-pada bhy/amāna-[ ], bhāna-[ ], bhat-[ ]) opening the jaws wide, snapping at (implying blame ) see abhi-- and jrimbh-. |
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| jan | cl.1. ([ ]) and cl.10. j/anati-, te- (subjunctive janat- ; nāt- ; A1. nata- ; imperfect tense /ajanat- ; parasmE-pada j/anat-), jan/ayati-, te- (in later language only P. ; subjunctive n/ayat-; imperfect tense /ajanayat-; Aorist /ajījanat-; parasmE-pada jan/ayat-; infinitive mood j/anayitavai- ) , twice cl.3. (subjunctive jaj/anat- [ ] ; confer, compare ; proper jajanti- ; Aorist A1. j/aniṣṭa-; A1. /ajani- ; perf. jaj/āna-; 3. plural jajñ/ur- etc.; once jajan/ur-, ; parasmE-pada jñivas-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood j/anitos-, ;[ ];Ved. ind.p. nitv/ī- ) to generate, beget, produce, create, cause etc. ; to produce (a song of praise, etc.) ; (cl.10. or Causal) to cause to be born ; to assign, procure ; cl.4. j/āyate- (Epic also ti-; imperfect tense /ajāyata-; pr. p. jayamāna-;fut. janiṣyate-;aor. /ajaniṣṭa-;1.[ ] and 3. sg. /ajani-; 3. sg. j/ani-, ; j/āni-, ; perf. jajñ/e-,2. sg. jñiṣ/e-3. plural jñir/e-, parasmE-pada jñān/a-) and ([ ]) cl.2. (?) A1. (2. sg. jañiṣ/e-,2. plural jiñre-, niṣvā-[ ], nidhvam- confer, compare ; imperfect tense 3. p. ajñata-[ Aorist ] ) , twice cl.1 A1. (imperfect tense 3. plural ajanatā- ; parasmE-pada j/anamāna-, ) to be born or produced, come into existence etc. ; to grow (as plants, teeth) ; to be born as, be by birth or nature (with double Nominal verb) ; to be born or destined for (accusative) (varia lectio jayate-for jāy-) ; to be born again ; to become, be etc. ; to be changed into (dative case) ; to take place, happen ; to be possible or applicable or suitable ; to generate, produce : Passive voice janyate-, to be born or produced : Desiderative jijaniṣati-, : Intensive jañjanyate- and jājāy-, (confer, compare ) ; ([ confer, compare Latin gigno,(g)nascor; Hibernian or Irish genim,"I beget, generate."]) |
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| ji | cl.1. j/ayati-, te- (imperfect tense /ajayat-; Aorist ajaiṣīt-,Ved. /ajais-,1. plural /ajaiṣma-, j/eṣma-,2. sg. jes-and A1. j/eṣi- subjunctive j/eṣat-, ṣas-, ṣāma- ; Aorist A1. ajeṣṭa-; future 1st. j/etā- etc.; future jeṣy/ati-, ; perfect tense jig/āya-[ ], jigetha-, jigyur-; parasmE-pada jigīv/as-[ giv/as- ; accusative plural gy/uṣas-] etc.; infinitive mood jiṣ/e-, ; j/etave- ; Classical jetum-: Passive voice jīyate-, ajīyata-[ ], ajāyi-, jāyiṣyate-;for j/īyate-and cl.9. jin/āti-See jyā-) to win or acquire (by conquest or in gambling), conquer (in battle), vanquish (in a game or lawsuit), defeat, excel, surpass etc. (with p/unar-,"to reconquer" ) ; to conquer (the passions), overcome or remove (any desire or difficulties or diseases) etc. ; to expel from (ablative) ; to win anything (accusative) from (accusative), vanquish anyone (accusative) in a game (accusative) ; to be victorious, gain the upper hand ; often proper in the sense of an imperative "long live!""glory to" etc.: Causal jāpayati- () to cause to win ; (Aorist 2. pl, /ajījipata-and /ajījap-) ; to conquer (Aorist ajījayat-): Passive voice jāpyate-, to be made to conquer : Desiderative j/igīṣati-, te- (; parasmE-pada ṣat-, ṣamāṇa-) to wish to win or obtain or conquer or excel etc. ; (A1.) to seek for prey : Intensive jejīyate- |
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| jīv | cl.1. j/īvati- (Epic also A1.; subjunctive vāti- ; vāt- ; parasmE-pada j/īvat-; Aorist ajivīt-; jīvīt- ; perfect tense jijīva-; future jīviṣy/ati-; preceding vy/āsam-, vyāsma- ; infinitive mood j/īvitum-, etc.;Ved. vāse- ; j/īvitavaī-. ) to live, be or remain alive etc. ; to revive ; (with punar-) ; to live by (instrumental case;exceptionally locative case, ) etc.: Causal jīv/ayati- (Epic also A1.; Aorist aījijvat-or ajijīv- ) to make alive, restore to life, vivify etc. ; to support life, keep alive etc. ; to nourish, bring up, ; to shout" jīva- " (id est long live!) ; jīvāpayati- (confer, compare pita-) to restore to life : Desiderative jijīviṣati- (A1. ) to wish to live etc. ; to seek a livelihood, wish to live by (instrumental case) ; j/ujyūṣati- idem or 'm. equals jīna- sub voce, i.e. the word in the Sanskrit order 1. jyā-.' ; confer, compare jijyūṣita-; ([ confer, compare Latin vivo; Lithuanian gIve1nu.]) |
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| jri | cl.1 P. jr/ayati-, to go ; to overpower ; see upa--. |
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| jyut | (fr. dyut-) cl.1 A1. jy/otate- (;also P. varia lectio) to shine (varia lectio): Causal jyot/ayati-, to shine upon, illuminate (varia lectio) ; see ava--. |
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| kīrt | cl.10 P. kīrt/ayati- (rarely A1. yate-) Aorist acikīrtat- or acīkṛtat- ( ), to mention, make mention of, tell, name, call, recite, repeat, relate, declare, communicate, commemorate, celebrate, praise, glorify (with genitive case ;with accusative ) |
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| kḷp | cl.1 A1. k/alpate- (; perf. cakḷpe-,3. plural cākḷpr/e- future kalpiṣyate-and kalpsy-[3. dual number kalpsyete- ; vv.ll. kḷps-and klaps-],or kalpsyati-; Conditional akalpiṣyata-,or lpsyat-; 1st future kalpitā-or kalptā-[see ]; Aorist akḷpta-or pat-; proper and perf. only A1. ), to be well ordered or regulated, be well managed, succeed etc. ; to bear suitable relation to anything, correspond, be adapted to, in accordance with, suitable to (instrumental case) etc. ; to be fit for (locative case) ; to accommodate one's self to, be favourable to, subserve, effect (with dative case) etc. ; to partake of (dative case) etc. ; to fall to the share, be shared or partaken by (locative case dative case or genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' yajñ/o dev/eṣu kalpatām-,"let the sacrifice be shared by the gods") ; to become (with Nominal verb) ; (with dative case [ Va1rtt. 2 ] ) ; to happen, occur ; to prepare, arrange ; to produce, cause, effect, create (with accusative) ; to declare as, consider as (with double accusative) (perf. p. kḷptavat-): Causal P. A1. kalp/ayati-, te-, (Aorist acīkḷpat-or cākḷpat-[ ] subjunctive cīkḷpāti- ), to set in order, arrange, distribute, dispose ; to bring into suitable connection with ; to prepare, arrange etc. ; to fit out, furnish with (instrumental case) ; to help any one in obtaining anything (dative case or locative case or genitive case) ; to fix, settle ; to declare as, consider as (with double accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' mātaram enāṃ kalpayantu-,"let them consider her as their mother" ) etc. ; to make, execute, bring about etc. ; to frame, form, invent, compose (as a poem etc.), imagine ; to perform (as a ceremony etc.) ; to trim, cut ; (in Prakrit) ; to pronounce a formula or verse which contains the kḷp- : Desiderative cikḷpsati- or cikalpiṣate- ; ([ confer, compare Gothic hilpa; English help; German helfe; Lithuanian gelbmi.]) |
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| krudh | cl.4 P. kr/udhyati- (Epic rarely A1. te- ;(See also krudhyamāna-); perf. cukrodha- etc.; future 2nd krotsyati- ; future 1st kroddhā- ; Aorist subjunctive 2. sg. krudhas- ; infinitive mood kroddhum- ), to become angry, be wrathful or angry with (dative case [ ] or genitive case), on account of (locative case): Causal krodh/ayati- (Aorist /acukrudhat- ; subjunctive 1. sg. cukrudham-,1. plural dhāma-), to make angry, provoke, irritate (infinitive mood krodhayitum-); ([ confer, compare Lithuanian rus-tus,"angry";rus-tybe7"anger" ; Greek German groll; Hibernian or Irish corruidhe,"anger, wrath, motion";corruigh,"fury, resentment."]) |
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| kṣi | cl.1 P. kṣ/ayati- (2. dual number kṣ/a-yathas-or kṣay-,2. plural kṣ/ayathā-; subjunctive 1. kṣ/ayat-or kṣayat- ; pr. p. kṣ/ayat-), to possess, have power over, rule, govern, be master of (genitive case) ; ([ confer, compare Greek .]) |
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| kup | cl.4 P. A1. kupyati-, te- (perf. cukopa-), to be moved or excited or agitated ; to swell, heave or boil with rage or emotion, be angry, be angry with (dative case;also genitive case,once[ ] accusative;or with upari-and genitive case exempli gratia, 'for example' tasmai-or tasya-or tasyopari cukopa-,he was angry with him) etc.: Causal P. kop/ayati-, to move, shake, agitate ; P. A1. kopayati-, te-, to cause to swell with anger, provoke, make angry ; ([ confer, compare Latin cupio; English hope; German hoffe.]) |
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| lelāya | (either a kind of Intensive fr. lī-,or Nom.fr. lelā- confer, compare next) P. A1. lel/āyati-, te- (pr. p. lelāy/antī- genitive case lel/ayatas-; imperfect tense /alelāyat-, lelāyat-; perfect tense lel/āya-), to move to and fro. quiver, tremble, shake [ confer, compare Gothic reiraith.] |
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| lih | (later form of rih-) cl.2 P. A1. () leḍhi-, līḍhe- (Epic also lihati-; perfect tense lileha-, lilihe- grammar; future leḍhā-, lekṣyati-, te- ; Aorist alikṣat-, alikṣata-and alīḍha- ; infinitive mood leḍhum- ; ind.p. līḍhvā- ) to lick, lap, lick at (locative case), taste, sip, take any food by licking or lapping etc. ; to lick up = destroy (said of an arrow) ; Causal leh/ayati- (Aorist alīlihat-), to cause to lick ; to apply as an electuary : Desiderative lilikṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive lelihyati-, leleḍhi- (parasmE-pada lelihat- hyat-, hyamana-or hāna- q.v), to lick frequently or constantly, play with the tongue [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin lingo; Slavonic or Slavonian liz5ati; Lithuanian le14z3ti; German le0ccho7n,lecken; Anglo-Saxon liccian; English lick.] |
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| lubh | cl.6 P. lubhati- (only ) or cl.4 P. l/ubhyati- (perfect tense lulubhe- ; Aorist alubhat-,or alobhīt- grammar; future lobdhā-,or lobhitā-, lobhiṣyati- ; infinitive mood lobdhum- ; ind.p. lobhitvā- lubhitvā-, lubdhvā- grammar), to be perplexed or disturbed, become disordered, go astray ; to desire greatly or eagerly, long for, be interested in (dative case or locative case) etc. ; to entice, allure : Causal lobh/ayati-, te- (Aorist alūlubhat- ; Passive voice lobhyate- ), to confound, bewilder, perplex, derange ; to cause to desire or long for, excite lust, allure, entice, attract etc. ; to efface (confer, compare Causal of lup-): Desiderative of Causal lulobhayiṣati-, see, ā- - lubh-: Desiderative lulubhiṣati- or lulobhiṣati- grammar : Intensive lolubhyate- (grammar also lolobdhi-), to have a vehement desire for (locative case) [ confer, compare Latin lubet,libet,libido; Gothic liufs; German liob,lieb,lieben; Anglo-Saxon leo4f; English lief,love.] |
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| mad | (confer, compare mand-) cl.4 P. () m/ādyati- (Epic also te-; Vedic or Veda alsocl.1. P. A1. madati-, te-;cl.3. P. mam/atti-, ttu-, mam/adat-, /amamaduḥ-; Vedic or Veda imperative m/atsi-, sva-; perfect tense mam/āda-; Aorist amādiṣuḥ-, amatsuḥ-, amatta-; subjunctive m/atsati-, sat-; future maditā-, madiṣyati- grammar; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maditos-), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instrumental case genitive case locative case,rarely accusative), be drunk (also figuratively) with (instrumental case) etc. ; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors) ; to boil, bubble (as water) ; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire : Causal mād/ayati-, te- (; Aorist /amīmadat-or amamadat-; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood maday/adhyai-), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire etc. ; (A1.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease ; (A1.) to enjoy heavenly bliss : Desiderative mimadiṣati- grammar : Intensive māmadyate-, māmatti- ([Perhaps originally "to be moist"; confer, compare Greek ; Latin madere.]) |
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| mah | (originally magh-; confer, compare also maṃh-) cl.1.10. P. () mahati-, mah/ayati- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. mahate-, h/ayate-; parasmE-pada mah/at- q.v; perfect tense mamāha- grammar; māmah/e-; subjunctive māmahanta-, māmahas- ; Aorist amahīt- grammar; future mahitā-, mahiṣyati- ; ind.p. mahitvā- ; infinitive mood mahe-,and mah/aye- q.v) to elate, gladden, exalt, arouse, excite ; to magnify, esteem highly, honour, revere etc. ; (A1.) to rejoice, delight in (instrumental case or accusative) ; to give, bestow [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin magnus,mactus; Old German michel; English mickle,much.] |
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| majj | cl.6 P. () majjati- (Ved. m/ajjati-, Epic also te-; perfect tense mamajja-[2. sg. mamajjitha-,or mamaṅktha-] ; Aorist [ mā-] majjīs- ; amānkṣīt- ; preceding majjtāt- ; future maṅkṣyati-, te- etc.; majjiṣyati- ; maṅktā- grammar; infinitive mood majjitum- ; maṅktum- grammar; ind.p. maṅktvā-or maktvā- ; m/ajjya- ), to sink (into), (accusative or locative case), go down, go to hell, perish, become ruined etc. ; to sink (in water), dive, plunge or throw one's self into (locative case), bathe, be submerged or drowned etc.: Causal majj/ayati- (Aorist amamajjat- grammar), to cause to sink, submerge, drown, overwhelm, destroy etc. ; to inundate ; to strike or plant into (locative case) : Desiderative mimaṅkṣati- or mimajjiṣati- grammar (confer, compare mimaṅkṣā-): Intensive māmajjyate-, māmaṅkti- [ confer, compare Latin mergere,and undermajjan.] |
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| mand | (see 2. mad-) cl.1 A1. () m/andate- (Ved. also P. ti-; perfect tense mamanda-, dat-, amamanduḥ- ; Aorist mand/us-, dān/a-; amandīt-, mandiṣṭa- ; subjunctive mandiṣat- grammar; preceding mandiṣīmahi- ; future manditā-, diṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood mand/adhyai- ), to rejoice, be glad or delighted, be drunk or intoxicated (literally and figuratively) ; (P.) to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspirit ; to sleep (?) () ; to shine, be splendid or beautiful ; to praise or to go : Causal mand/ayati- (infinitive mood manday/adhyai-), to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate ; to be glad or drunk |
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| meghaya | Nom. P. megh/ayati-, to make cloudy, cause cloudy weather (only pr. p. ;See next). |
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| mlai | cl.1 P. () mlāyati- (Epic also te-and mlāti-; perfect tense mamlau- ; mamle- ; Aorist amlāsīt-,2. sg. mlāsīḥ- ; preceding mlāyāt-,or mleyāt- ; future mlātā-, mlāsyati- grammar; Conditional amlāsyatām- , syetām- ; infinitive mood mlātum- grammar), to fade, wither, decay, vanish etc. ; to be languid or exhausted or dejected, have a worn appearance : Causal mlāp/ayati-, to cause to wither or fade, enfeeble, make languid ; mlapayati-, to crush |
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| mṛ | cl.6 A1. () mriy/ate- (Epic and mc. also P. ti-; cl.1 P. A1. marati-, m/arate- ; imperative mara-, ; perfect tense mam/āra-, mamruḥ- etc.; parasmE-pada mamṛv/as- ; A1. mamrire- ; Aorist amṛta- subjunctive mṛthāh- ; Potential murīya-. ; mriṣīṣṭa- ; future martā- grammar; mariṣyati- etc.; te- ; infinitive mood martum- etc.; martave- ; ind.p. mṛtv/ā- ; -māram- ), to die, decease etc. etc.: Passive voice mriyate- (confer, compare above;sometimes used impers, with instrumental case; perfect tense mamre-; Aorist amāri-) : Causal mār/ayati- (mc. also te-; Aorist, amīmarat-): Passive voice māryate-, to cause to die, kill, slay etc. etc.: Desiderative of Causal See mimārayiṣu-: Desiderative mumūrṣati- () , to wish or be about to die, face death : Intensive memrīyate-, marmarti- grammar ([ confer, compare Zend mar,mareta; Greek for ; Latin mors,morioretc.; Slavonic or Slavonian mre8ti; Lithuanian mi4rti; Gothic maurthr; German Mord,morden; English murder.]) |
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| mṛc | (see marc-) cl.10 P. marc/ayati- (cl.4. P. mṛcyati-[?] ; preceding mṛkṣīṣṭa-), to hurt, injure, annoy |
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| mṛḍ | ( mṛḷ-) cl.6 P. (), mṛḍati- (mṛḷati-;once A1. mṛḍase- ) cl.9. P. mṛḍnāti- (), cl.10., mṛḍayati- (mṛḷ/ayati-), te- ; mṛṇḍayati- (?), (perfect tense mamarḍa- grammar; mamṛḍyuḥ- ; amarḍīt- grammar; future marḍitā-, ḍiṣyati- ; infinitive mood marḍitum- ; ind.p. mṛḍitvā- ), to be gracious or favourable, pardon, spare (with dative case of Persian and accusative of, thing) etc. ; to treat kindly, make happy, rejoice, delight (with accusative) : Causal marḍayati- (Aorist amīmṛḍat-,or amamarḍat-) grammar : Desiderative mimarḍiṣati- : Intensive marīmṛḍyate-, marīmarṭṭi- |
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| nad | cl.1 P. () n/adati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense nanāda-, nedur-, nedire- ; Aorist anādīt- grammar; future nadiṣyati-, ditā- ) to sound, thunder, roar, cry, howl etc. (also with nād/am-, śabdam-, svanam-etc.) etc. etc.: Passive voice nadyate- : Causal nad/ayati-, te-, to make resound or vibrate ; nādayati-, te-, to make resonant, fill with noises or cries etc. ; Aorist anīnadat- grammar ; Passive voice nādyate- : Desiderative ninadiṣati- grammar : Intensive 3. plural n/ānadati-, parasmE-pada n/ānadat- ; 3. sg. nānadyate-, parasmE-pada dyamāna- to vibrate or sound violently, to roar, howl, cry, neigh etc. |
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| nam | cl.1 P. n/amati- (), te- (mostly intrans.; confer, compare ; pr. p. A1. namāna- ; perfect tense P. nānāma- etc.;2. sg. nemitha-,or nanantha- ; subjunctive nan/amas- ;3. plural nemur- ; A1. neme- ;3. plural -nanamire- ; Aorist P. anān- ; anaṃsīt- ; A1. anaṃsta- grammar;3. plural anaṃsata- ; subjunctive naṃsai-, naṃsante- ; future naṃsyati- ; namiṣyati- ; nantā- ; infinitive mood -n/amam-, -n/ame- ; nantum-, namitum- ; ind.p. natvā- ; -natya- ; -namya- ) to bend or bow (either trans. or oftener intr.) to bow to, subject or submit, one's self (with genitive case dative case or accusative) etc. ; (with hiruk-) to turn away, keep aside ; to turn towards id est to aim at (genitive case) with (instrumental case) ; to yield or give way, keep quiet or be silent ; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral : Passive voice namyate-, to be bent or bowed ; yield or submit to : Causal nam/ayati- etc. (nāmayati- etc.; nāmyati-[!] ; Aorist anīnamat- ; Passive voice nāmyate-, ti- etc.) to cause to bow or sink, incline etc. ; (with cāpam-) to bend a bow etc. ; to turn away or ward off ; to aim at (genitive case), ; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral : Desiderative ninaṃsati-, : Intensive n/annamīti- ; nannamyate- (3. sg. n/amnate- imperfect tense anamnata-, parasmE-pada n/amamāna- ) to bow or submit one's self to (dative case). [ confer, compare Zend nam,nemaiti; Greek , ; Latin nemus; Gothic , Old Saxon , Anglo-Saxon niman; HGerm. ne0man,ne0men,nehmen.] |
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| naś | cl.4 P. () n/aśyati- (rarely te-and cl.1.P. n/aśati-, te-; perfect tense nanāśa-,3. plural neśur-; Aorist anaśat- etc.; aneśat-, n/eśat- [ confer, compare on ]; future naśiṣyati- ; naṅkṣyati-, te-[cond. anaṅkṣyata-] ; naśitā- ; naṃṣṭā- ; naṅgdhā- ; infinitive mood naśitum-, naṃṣum- grammar; ind.p. naśitvā-, naṣṭva-, naṃṣṭvā- ) to be lost, perish, disappear, be gone, run away etc. ; to come to nothing, be frustrated or unsuccessful etc.: Causal nāś/ayati-, Epic also te- (Aorist -anīnaśat-; dative case infinitive mood -nāśayadhyai- ) to cause to be lost or disappear, drive away, expel, remove, destroy, efface etc. ; to lose (also from memory), give up ; to violate, deflower (a girl) ; to extinguish (a fire) ; to disappear (in mā- nīnaśah-and naśuḥ-) : Desiderative ninaśiṣati- or ninaṅkṣati- (confer, compare ninaṅkṣu-) ; Desiderative of Causal nināśayiṣati-, to wish to destroy : Intensive nānaśyate- or nānaṃṣṭi- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin nex,nocere]) . |
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| nibhraṃś | Caus. -bhrāś/ayati-, to cause to fall, strike down, fell |
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| nṛt | cl.4 P. () n/ṛtyati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense nanarta-, nanṛtur- ; Aorist anartiṣur- ; -nṛtur-[ see ā-nṛt-]; parasmE-pada nṛt/amāna-[?] ; future nartiṣyati- etc.; nartsyati-and nartitā- grammar; infinitive mood nartitum-and narttum- etc.; ind.p. nartitvā- , -nartam- ), to dance etc. etc. ; to act on the stage, represent (accusative) etc. ; to dance about (accusative) : Causal nart/ayati-, te-, to cause to dance etc. etc.: Desiderative ninṛtsati- and ninartiṣati- : Intensive narīnartti- ; narīnṛtyate-, ti- ; narnartti-, narnṛtīti-, narīnṛtīti- grammar , to dance about or cause to dance about (see naṭ-). |
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| pad | cl.4 A1. () padyate- (ti- ; Potential padyām- ; imperative patsva- ; perfect tense papāda- ; pede- ; Aorist apadmahi-, dran- [ subjunctive padāti- ]; apatsi-, patthās- ; preceding padīṣṭ/a- ; future patsyati- ; te- ; pattā- grammar; infinitive mood p/attave- ; tos-, tum- ; -p/adas- ; ind.p. -p/adya- ; -p/ādam- ), to fall, fall down or out, perish ; to go, resort or apply to, participate in (accusative), keep, observe : Causal pād/ayati-, te-, to cause to fall (Passive voice pādyate- ; Desiderative pipādayiṣati- etc.) ; padayate-, to go : Desiderative pitsate- : Intensive panīpadyate- ; panīpadīti- |
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| palpūlaya | Nom. P. l/ayati-, to wash with alkaline water, to tan |
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| pan | cl.1 A1. p/anate- (perfect tense -papana-, papn/e- Aorist 3. sg. paniṣṭa-), to be worthy of admiration or to admire (accusative) : Passive voice pany/ate- : Causal pan/ayati-, te-, to regard with surprise or wonder, to admire, praise, acknowledge ; (A1.) to rejoice at, be glad of (genitive case) (see paṇ-; paṇāya-). |
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| parāyā | P. -yāti-, to go away : Causal -yāp/ayati-, to bid go away |
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| pat | cl.1 P. () p/atati- (Epic also te-; perfect tense papāta-, paptim/a-, pet/atur-, papt/ur-; paptiv/as- ; papatyāt- ; Aorist apaptat- ; Passive voice apāti- ; future patiṣ-y/ati- ; te-, patitā- ; Conditional apatiṣyat- ; infinitive mood patitum- etc.; ind.p. patitv/ā- ; -p/atya-or -p/ātam- ), to fly, soar, rush on etc. ; to fall down or off, alight, descend (with accusative or locative case), fall or sink (with or without adhas-or narake-,"to go down to hell";with caraṇau-or ṇayoḥ-,"to fall at a person's feet") etc. ; to fall (in a moral sense), lose caste or rank or position etc. ; to light or fall upon, fall to a person's share (locative case) etc. ; to fall or get into or among (locative case) ; to occur, come to pass, happen : Causal pat/ayati-, to fly or move rapidly along ; to speed (trans.; confer, compare patay/at-) ; te-, to drive away or throw down (?) ; pāt/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpatat- ; Passive voice pātyate- etc.) , to let fly or cause to fall, to fling, hurl, throw etc. ; to lay low, bring down (literally and figuratively), overthrow, ruin, destroy etc. to throw upon or in, lay on (locative case) ; (with or scilicet ātmānam-) to throw one's self ; to cut off (a head) ; to knock out (teeth) ; to pour out or shed (water, tears) ; to kindle (fire) ; to cast (dice) ; to turn, direct, fix (eyes) ; to impose or inflict (punishment) ; to set in motion, set on foot ; to seduce to, betray into (locative case) ; (with dvedhā-) to divide in two ; to subtract ; (A1.) to rush on, hasten : Desiderative pipatiṣati- ( ) and pitsati- () , to be about to fly or fall: Intensive panīpatyate- or pātīti- [ confer, compare Zend pat; Greek , ; Latin peto.] |
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| pel | cl.1.10. P. pelati- (), pel/ayati- () , to go. |
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| phaṇ | cl.1 P. () ph/aṇati- (; perfect tense paphāṇa-,2. sg. paphaṇitha-,or pheṇitha- ; Aorist aphāṇīt-, ; future phaṇiṣyati-, ṇitā- grammar), to go, move (with samāptim-,"to be accomplished") : Causal phāṇ/ayati- (or phaṇ- ), to cause to bound ; to draw off (the surface of a fluid) , skim : Desiderative piphaṇiṣati- grammar : Intensive pr.p. -paṇiphaṇat- (), pamphaṇat- (),bounding, leaping. |
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| pinv | cl.1 P. () p/invati- (parasmE-pada p/invat- ; pinv/at- ; perfect tense pipinva- ; A1.3. plural pinvir/e-; parasmE-pada pinvān/a- ; Aorist apinvīt- grammar; future pinviṣyati-, vitā- ), to cause to swell, distend ; to cause to overflow or abound ; A1. p/invate-, to swell, be distended, abound, overflow (also A1. P.and in P.for A1.) : Causal pinv/ayati- = P. pinvati- |
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| pṛ | cl.3 P. () p/iparti- (3. plural p/iprati- ; imperative pipṛhi- ; para- ; cl.9 P. pṛṇāti-,"to protect"; perfect tense 3. plural pipruḥ- [ equals pūrṇāḥ- Scholiast or Commentator ]; Aorist subjunctive parṣi-, parṣati-, parṣa-, pāriṣat- ; apārīt- ; infinitive mood parṣ/aṇi- ), to bring over or to (accusative), bring out of, deliver from (ablative), rescue, save, protect, escort, further, promote ; to surpass, excel (accusative) ; to be able (with infinitive mood) : Causal pār/ayati- (Epic and mc. also te-; Aorist apīparat-; Passive voice pāryate-), to bring over or out, rescue, protect, save, preserve, keep alive etc. ; to get over, overcome, bring to an end ; to resist, withstand, be a match for (accusative) etc. ; to be capable of or able to (with an infinitive mood which after pāryate-has a pass. sense; confer, compare śak-and ) [ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin porta,peritus; Slavonic or Slavonian pirati; German fahren; English fare.] |
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| pṝ | cl.9 P. () pṛṇ/āti- ; cl.6 P. ( pṛṇ-, ) priṇ/ati- ; cl.3 P. () p/iparti- (also A1.; imperative pipīpṛhi- ; perfect tense papāra-,3. plural paparuḥ-,or papruḥ- ; pupūre-, rire- ; -pupūryās- ; papṛv/as-[?] ; Aorist apārīt- grammar, pūriṣṭhās- ; imperative pūrdh/i- ; preceding priyāsam- , pūryāt- grammar; future parīṣyati-, parītā- grammar; ind.p. pūrtvā- grammar, -pūrya- ; -pūram-[in compound with its object; confer, compare udara-p-, goṣpada-p-, carma-p-.and ]; infinitive mood pṛṇ/adhyai- ; -puras- ; pūritum- ), to fill (A1."one's self") ; to fill with air, blow into (accusative) ; to sate, cherish, nourish, bring up ; to refresh (as the pitṛ-s) (Aorist apārīt- varia lectio atārpsīt-) ; to grant abundantly, bestow on (dative case), present with (instrumental case) (often parasmE-pada pṛṇ/at-= bounteous, liberal, ungrudging) ; to fulfil, satisfy (as a wish) : Passive voice pūry/ate- (Epic also ti-,and A1. p/ūryate-, parasmE-pada p/ūyamāṇa-), to be filled with, become full of (instrumental case), be sated etc. ; to become complete (as a number) : Causal pārayati-, to fill ; to fulfil (only Aorist pīparat-) ; pūr/ayati- (), te- (Passive voice pūryate-[ confer, compare above]; Aorist apūri-, apūriṣṭa-), to fill, fill up with (instrumental case) etc. ; to fill (with a noise, said also of the noise itself) ; to fill with wind, blow (a conch) ; to draw (a bow or an arrow to the ear) ; to make full, complete, supplement (a sentence) ; to cover completely, overspread, bestrew, surround etc. ; to load or enrich or present with (instrumental case) ; to fulfil (a wish or hope) etc. ; to spend completely (a period of time) : Desiderative piparīṣati-, pupūrṣati- grammar : Intensive pāparti-, popūrti-, popūryate- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin plere,plenus; Lit.pi4lti,pi4lnas; Slavonic or Slavonian plu8nu8; Gothic fulls; German voll; English full.] |
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| prath | cl.1 A1. () pr/athate- (rarely P. ti- exempli gratia, 'for example' imperfect tense 2. dual number /aprathatam- ; imperative prathantu- ; perfect tense paprathatuḥ- ;mostly A1. perfect tense paprath/e-, parasmE-pada paprathān/a- ; Aorist prathiṣṭa-, parasmE-pada prathān/a- ; future prathiṣyate-, prathitā- grammar), to spread, extend (intrans.; P.trans. and intrans.), become larger or wider, increase etc. ; to spread abroad (as a name, rumour etc.), become known or celebrated etc. ; to come to light, appear, arise ; to occur (to the mind) : Causal prath/ayati- (rarely te-; Aorist apaprathat- ; subjunctive papr/athat- ; paprathanta- ; pr/athayi- ), to spread, extend, increase etc. (prathayati-tarām- ; A1.intr. ) ; to spread abroad, proclaim, celebrate ; to unfold, disclose, reveal, show ; to extend over id est shine upon, give light to (accusative) |
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| pū | cl.9 P. A1. () pun/āti-, punīt/e- (3. plural A1. pun/ate- , punat/e- ;2. sg. imperative P. punīhi- etc., punāh/i- ) ; cl.1. A1. () p/avate- (of P.only imperative -pava- ,and parasmE-pada genitive case plural pavatām- ; parasmE-pada A1. punān/a-below, p/avamāna-See;1. sg. A1. punīṣe- ; perfect tense pupuvuh-. ve- ; apupot- ; Aorist apāviṣuḥ- subjunctive apaviṣṭa- ; future paviṣyati-, pavitā- grammar; ind.p. pūtv/ā- ; pūtv/ī- ; pavitvā- grammar; -p/ūya-and -pāvam- etc.; infinitive mood pavitum- ), to make clean or clear or pure or bright, cleanse, purify, purge, clarify, illustrate, illume (with s/aktum-,"to cleanse from chaff, winnow";with kr/atum-or manīṣ/ām-,"to enlighten the understanding";with hiraṇyam-,"to wash gold") etc. ; (met.) to sift, discriminate, discern ; to think of or out, invent, compose (as a hymn) ; (A1. p/avate-) to purify one's self. be or become clear or bright ; (especially) to flow off clearly (said of the soma-) ; to expiate, atone for ; to pass so as to purify ; to purify in passing or pervading, ventilate etc. (confer, compare pav-): Passive voice pūy/ate-, to be cleaned or washed or purified ; to be freed or delivered from (ablative) etc.: Causal pav/ayati- or pāvayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist apīpavat- grammar; Passive voice pāvyate- ), to cleanse, purify : Desiderative , pupūṣati-, pipaviṣate- grammar : Desiderative of Causal pipāvayiṣati- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Umbr.pir; German Feuer; English fire.]) |
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| puṣ | cl.1 P. () poṣati- (trans.) , only ; cl.4 P. () p/uṣyati- (trans. and intrans.; mc. also te-) etc. etc.; cl.9 P. () puṣṇāti- (trans.) etc. (perfect tense pup/oṣa-, pupuṣyās- ; Aorist apuṣat-or apoṣīt- grammar; Potential puṣeyam-, ; preceding puṣyāsam-, sma- ; future poṣiṣyati-, pokṣyati-; poṣitā-, poṣṭā- grammar; Passive voice puṣyate- ; Aorist apoṣi- grammar; infinitive mood puṣy/ase- ), to be nourished (with instrumental case exempli gratia, 'for example' bhāryayā- ), to thrive, flourish, prosper (also with p/oṣam-, puṣṭim-or vṛddhim-) (rarely in later language exempli gratia, 'for example' [see above], and sometimes in , where also 3 sg. puṣyati-tarām-) ; to cause to thrive or prosper, nourish, foster, augment, increase, further, promote, fulfil (exempli gratia, 'for example' a wish) , develop, unfold, display, gain, obtain, enjoy, possess etc. etc.: Causal posk/ayati- (Aorist apūpuṣat- grammar), to rear, nourish, feed, cause to thrive or prosper etc. ; to cause to be reared or fed by (instrumental case) : Desiderative pupoṣiṣati-, pupuṣithati-, pupukṣati- grammar : Intensive popuṣyate-, popoṣṭi- |
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| pyai | or pyāy- cl.1 A1. () py/āyate- (perfect tense papye- grammar; Aorist apyāyi- ; apyāsam- ; preceding pyāyiṣīmahi-or pyāsiṣīmahi- ; future pyāsyate-or pyāyiṣyate- grammar; pyātā-, pyāyitā- ), to swell, be exuberant, overflow: Causal pyāy/ayati-, te- etc. ; (Passive voice pyāyy/ate- ) to make overflow, fill up (mostly in compound with ā--See ā-pyai-; see pi-, pī-). |
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| radh | or randh- cl.4 P. () r/adhyati- (perfect tense rarandha-,1. plural rarandhima-or redhma- grammar;3. plural rāradh/uḥ- ; Aorist aradhat- ; subjunctive randhīs- imperative randhi-for randdhi- ; future radhitā-, raddhā- grammar; radhiṣyati-, ratsyati- ; infinitive mood radhitum- ), to become subject to (dative case), be subdued or overthrown, succumb ; to be completed or matured (see rādh-) ; to bring into subjection, subdue ; to deliver into the hand of (dative case) ; to hurt, torment : Causal randh/ayati- (Ved. also te-; Aorist rīradhat- ; ararandhat- grammar), to make subject, deliver over to (dative case) ; to torment, afflict ; to destroy, annihilate ; to cook, prepare (food) : Desiderative riradhiṣati-, riratsati- grammar : Intensive rāradhyate-, rāraddhi- grammar (in rārandh/i-for rāranddh/i-,and rāranta-for rārantta-) to hand over to, deliver. |
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| rādh | (confer, compare ṛdh-and radh-) cl.5.4. P. () rādhn/oti- rādhyati- (Vedic or Veda also proper rādhati-and r/ādhyate-; perfect tense rar/ādha- etc. etc. [2. sg. rarādhitha-or redhita-, confer, compare ]; Aorist, arātsīt-, rādhiṣi- ; preceding rādhyāsam- ; future rāddhā- grammar; rātsyati- ; ind.p. rāddhv/ā-, -rādhya- ), to succeed (said of things), be accomplished or finished ; to succeed (said of persons), be successful with (instrumental case), thrive, prosper ; to be ready for, submit to (dative case) ; to be fit for, partake of, attain to (dative case or locative case), ; (rādhyati-) to prophesy to (dative case) ; to accomplish, perform, achieve, make ready, prepare, carry out ; to hit, get at (accusative) ; to propitiate, conciliate, gratify ; to hurt, injure, destroy, exterminate (confer, compare ) : Passive voice rādhyate- (Aorist /arādhi-), to be conciliated or satisfied (confer, compare rādhyate-above) : Causal rādh/ayati- (Aorist arīradhat- ; Passive voice rādhyate- ), to accomplish, perform, prepare, make ready etc. ; to make favourable, propitiate, satisfy : Desiderative of Causal rirādhayiṣati- : Desiderative rirātsati- or -ritsati- Va1rtt. 1 : Intensive rārādhyate-, rārāddhi- grammar ([ confer, compare iradh-; Gothic gare7dan,rathjo1; Slavonic or Slavonian raditi.]) |
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| rai | cl.1 P. () r/āyati-, to bark, bark at (accusative) [ confer, compare Latin latrare; Lithuanian re4ti,lo4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian lajati; Gothic laian.] |
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| ram | cl.1. A1. () ramate- (Vedic or Veda also P. r/amati-or ramṇāti- perfect tense rarāma- ; reme- etc.; Aorist 3. plural ranta- ; araṃsīt- ; araṃsta- ; raṃsiṣam- ; future rantā- grammar; raṃsyati- ; te- etc.; infinitive mood ramitum- ; rantum- etc.; rantos- ; ind.p. ratv/ā- ; rantvā- ; -ramya-or -ratya- ), to stop, stay, make fast, calm, set at rest (P.; especially present tense ramṇāti-) ; (P. A1.)to delight, make happy, enjoy carnally ; (A1.) to stand still, rest, abide, like to stay with (locative case or dative case) etc. ; (A1.; P.only mc.) to be glad or pleased, rejoice at, delight in, be fond of (locative case instrumental case or infinitive mood) etc. ; to play or sport, dally, have sexual intercourse with (instrumental case with or without samam-, saha-, sākam-or sārdham-), etc. ; to couple (said of deer) , Va1rtt. 8 (confer, compare Causal) ; to play with id est put to stake (instrumental case) : Causal ram/ayati- or rām/ayati- (Aorist /arīramat-), to cause to stay, stop, set at rest ; (ramayati-, mc. also te-) to gladden, delight, please, caress, enjoy carnally etc. (3. sg. ramayati-tarām-, ) ; to enjoy one's self, be pleased or delighted ; mṛgān ramayati-, he tells that the deer are coupling Va1rtt. 8 : Desiderative in riraṃsā-, su- q.v : Desiderative of Causal in riramayiṣu- q.v : Intesis. raṃramyate- or raṃramīti- [ confer, compare Zend ram, Greek ,, ; Lithuanian rimti; Gothic rimis.] |
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| raṃh | (for raṅgh-) ; see laṅgh- and raghu-, laghu- cl.1 P. () r/aṃhati- ( also A1. r/aṃhate-, r/aṃhamāṇa-; perfect tense raraṃh/a- ; future raṃhitā-, hiṣyati-; Aorist araṃhīt- grammar), to hasten, speed (trans. and intrans.) ; to cause to go or flow ; to go or flow : Causal raṃh/ayati-, te- (Aorist araraṃhat- grammar), to hasten, speed, run or cause to run ; (cl.10. P.) raṃhayati-, to speak or to shine (varia lectio vaṃh-): Intensive See rārahāṇ/a-. |
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| rej | cl.1 P. A1. r/ejati-, te-, (P.) to go ; to cause to tremble or shake ; (A.) to shine (see rāj-) ; to shake, tremble, quiver : Causal rej/ayati-, to cause to tremble or quake, to shake |
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| riṣ | (see riś-) cl.1.4. P. ( varia lectio) reṣati- or r/iṣyati- (Epic also riṣyate-; Aorist rīḍhvam- ariṣat- subjunctive riṣātha-, parasmE-pada rīṣat- ; areṣīt- grammar; future reṣitā-, reṣṭā- , reṣiṣyati- ; infinitive mood reṣitum-,or reṣṭum- ;Ved. infinitive mood riṣ/e-, riṣ/as-), to be hurt or injured, receive harm, suffer wrong, perish, be lost, fail etc. ; to injure, hurt, harm, destroy, ruin ; Causal reṣ/ayati- (Aorist arīriṣat-;Ved. forms rīriṣīṣṭa-, ririṣeḥ-, riṣay/adhyai-), to hurt, injure, harm, cause to miscarry or fail ; (A. rīriṣīṣṭa-), to fail, meet with misfortune or disaster : Desiderative r/irikṣati- (; ririṣiṣati-or rireṣiṣati- grammar), to wish to injure or harm (see riś-): Intensive reriṣyate-, rereṣṭi- grammar |
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| ruc | cl.1 A1. () rocate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-; perfect tense ruroca-, ruruc/e- etc.; subjunctive rurucanta- Potential rurucyās- ; parasmE-pada rurukv/as-, rurucān/a- ; Aorist arucat- ; arociṣṭa- etc.; arukta- ; parasmE-pada rucān/a- ; Aorist Passive voice aroci- ; preceding rucīya- ; rociṣīya- ; ruciṣīya- ; future rocitā- grammar; rociṣyate- ; infinitive mood rocitum- ; ruc/e- ; ind.p. rucitvā-or rocitvā- ), to shine, be bright or radiant or resplendent etc. ; (only in perfect tense P.) to make bright or resplendent ; to be splendid or beautiful or good etc. ; to be agreeable to, please (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to be pleased with, like (accusative) ; to be desirous of, long for (dative case) : Causal roc/ayati-, te- (Aorist /arūrucat-, cata-; Passive voice rocyate-), to cause to shine ; to enlighten, illuminate, make bright ; to make pleasant or beautiful ; to cause any one (accusative) to long for anything (dative case) ; to find pleasure in, like, approve, deem anything right (accusative or infinitive mood) etc. ; to choose as (double accusative) ; to purpose, intend ; (Passive voice) to be pleasant or agreeable to (dative case) : Desiderative ruruciṣate- or rurociṣate- grammar : Intensive (only p. r/orucāna-) to shine bright [ confer, compare Greek , ;lux,luceo,luna,lumen; Gothic liuhath,lauhmuni; German lioht,lieht,licht; Anglo-Saxon leo4ht; English light.] |
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| rud | (confer, compare 1. ru-) cl.2 P. (; confer, compare ) roditi- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also rudati-, te-and rodati-, te-; perfect tense ruroda-, rurude- ; Aorist /arudat- etc.; arodīt-, diṣuḥ- grammar; araudiṣīt- ; future roditā- grammar; rodiṣyati- ; infinitive mood roditum- ; ind.p. ruditvā-or roditvā- ; -rudya- ), to weep, cry, howl, roar, lament, wail etc. ; to bewail, deplore : Passive voice rudyate- (Aorist arodi-; rudyamāne-,"while weeping is heard") : Causal rod/ayati- (Aorist arūrudat-), to cause to weep or lament etc. etc.: Desiderative rurudiṣati- grammar (confer, compare rurudiṣā-, ṣu-): Intensive rorudyate-, rorotti- (parasmE-pada rorudyamāna-, rorudat-) [ confer, compare Latin rudere; Lithuanian ru4dis,rauda4,raudo4ti; Anglo-Saxon reo4tan.] |
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| ruh | (see,1. rudh-) cl.1 P. ( ) r/ohati- (mc. also te-and ruhati-, te-; Vedic or Veda and Epic imperfect tense or Aorist aruhat-; Potential ruheyam-, -ruhethās-, -ruhemahi-; imperative ruha-, parasmE-pada r/uhāṇa-; perfect tense ruroha-, ruruh/uḥ- etc.; ruruhe- ; Aorist /arukṣat- etc.; future roḍhā- grammar; rokṣy/ati-, te- etc.; rohiṣye- ; infinitive mood roḍhum- etc.; rohitum- ; r/ohiṣyai- ; ind.p. rūḍhv/ā- , -r/uhya- etc.; -rūhya- ; -r/uham- ; -r/oham- ), to ascend, mount, climb ; to reach to, attain (a desire) ; to rise, spring up, grow, develop, increase, prosper, thrive etc. etc. (with na-,"to be useless or in vain" ) ; to grow together or over, cicatrize, heal (as a wound) etc.: Causal roh/ayati- or (later) ropayati-, te- (Aorist arūruhat-or arūrupat- grammar; Passive voice ropyate- Aorist aropi- ), to cause to ascend, raise up, elevate ; to place in or on, fix in, fasten to, direct towards (with accusative or locative case) ; to transfer to, commit, entrust (see ropita-) ; to put in the ground, plant, sow ; to lay out (a garden) ; to cause to grow, increase ; to cause to grow over or heal : Desiderative r/urukṣati- See ā-ruh-: Intensive roruhyate-, roroḍhi- grammar |
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| śad | cl.1.6. A1. () śīyate- (confer, compare ; P.in non-conjugational tenses, ; perfect tense śaśada-, śeduḥ- ; future śatsyati- ; Aorist aśadat- grammar; future śattā- ; infinitive mood śattum- ), to fall, fall off or out : Causal śādayati-, to impel, drive on (cattle) ; śāt/ayati-, te- (confer, compare ) , to cause to fall off or out or asunder, hew or cut off, knock out etc. ; to fell, throw down, slay, kill ; to disperse, dispel, remove, destroy : Desiderative śiśatsati- grammar : Intensive śāśadyate-, śāśatti- [ confer, compare, according to to some, Latin cedo.] |
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| sad | cl.1. or cl.6. P. () sīdati- (Epic also te-;Ved. s/adati-or s/īdati-, te-; perfect tense sas/āda-, sas/attha-, sed/us-, sedir/e- ; sīdatus- ; sasadyāt-. ; Aorist asadat-[ confer, compare present tense stem-] grammar;2. 3. sg. s/atsi-, s/atsat- ; asādīt- ; future sattā- grammar; satsyati- ; sīdiṣyati- ; infinitive mood s/ade- ; sattum- ; sīditum- ; ind.p. -s/adya-, -s/adam- ; -sādam- ), to sit down (especially at a sacrifice), sit upon or in or at (accusative or locative case) ; to sit down before, besiege, lie in wait for, watch (accusative) ; to sink down, sink into despondency or distress, become faint or wearied or dejected or low-spirited, despond, despair, pine or waste away, perish etc. : Passive voice sadyate- (Aorist asādi-, sādi- ) : Causal sād/ayati-, te- (Aorist asīṣadat-), to cause to sit down or be seated, place down, put upon or in (locative case) etc. ; to put in distress, afflict, weary, exhaust, ruin, destroy etc.: Desiderative siṣatsati- grammar : Intensive sāsadyate- (grammar also sāsatti-), to sit down in an indecent posture [ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin sidere,sedere; Lithuanian se4sti,sede4ti; Slavonic or Slavonian se8sti; Gothic sitan; German sitzen; Anglo-Saxon sittan; English sit.] |
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| śam | cl.4 P. (), ś/āmyati- (rarely te-,and Epic also śanati-, te-; Vedic or Veda śamyati-, śimyati-,and cl.9. śamnāti-[ ], śamnīṣe-, śamnīthās- imperative śamnīṣva-, śamīṣva-, śamiṣva-, śamīdhvam-; perfect tense śaśāma-, śemuḥ- etc.; śaśam/e- subjunctive śaś/amate- ; parasmE-pada śaśamān/a-[ q.v ]; Aorist /aśamiṣṭhās- ; aśamat- [ confer, compare present tense ]; preceding śamyāt- grammar; future śamiśā-, śamiṣyati- ; ind.p. śamitvā-, śāntvā-, śāmam- ), to toil at, fatigue or exert one's self (especially in performing ritual acts) ; to prepare, arrange ; to become tired, finish, stop, come to an end, rest, be quiet or calm or satisfied or contented etc. ; to cease, be allayed or extinguished etc. ; cl.9. (confer, compare above) to put an end to, hurt, injure, destroy : Passive voice śamyate- (Aorist aśami-) : Causal śam/ayati- (mc. also śāmayati-; Aorist aśīśamat-; Passive voice śāmyate-), to appease, allay, alleviate, pacify, calm, soothe, settle etc. ; to put to an end or to death, kill, slay, destroy, remove, extinguish. sup. press etc. ; to leave off, desist ; to conquer, subdue : Desiderative śiśamiṣati- grammar : Intensive śaṃśamīti- (), śaṃśamyate-, śaṃśanti- (grammar), to be entirely appeased or extinguished (perfect tense śaṃśamāṃ cakruḥ- ) . ([ confer, compare Greek ]) , |
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| snā | (confer, compare snu-) cl.2 P. () sn/āti- cl.4 P. () snāyati- (Epic also A1. snāyate- Potential snāyāt-; Epic also snāyīta-; perfect tense sasnau-,3. plural sasnuḥ- ; future snātā- grammar; snāsyati-, te- etc.; Aorist asnāsīt- grammar; preceding snāyāt-[ confer, compare above] or sneyāt- ; infinitive mood snātum- etc.; ind.p. snātv/ā-, -sn/āya- etc.;Ved. also snātvī- ), to bathe, perform the ceremony of bathing or certain prescribed oblations (especially on returning home from the house of a religious preceptor, or on concluding certain vows etc., also with avabhṛtham-) etc. ; to smear one's self with (instrumental case) : Passive voice snāyate- (Aorist asnāyi- impersonal or used impersonally) : Causal snāp/ayati- or snap/ayati-, (with preposition only snāp-), to cause to bathe, wash, cleanse etc. ; to wash away ; to steep or soak in (locative case) ; to bathe with tears, weep for(?) : Desiderative sisnāsati- (but confer, compare siṣṇāsu-): Intensive sāsnāyate-, sāsnāti-, sāsneti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , ; Latin nare.]) |
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| śnath | cl.1 P. () śnathati- (only occurring in proper subjunctive śnathat- imperative śnathihi-,and Aorist śnathiṣṭam-, ṭana-; grammar also perfect tense śaśnātha-; future śnathitā-, thiṣyati-etc.) , to pierce, strike, injure, kill : Causal śnath/ayati-, te- (Aorist aśiśnat-, śiśn/athat-) idem or 'See ścut-, .' : Desiderative śiśnathiṣati- grammar : Intensive śāśnathyate-, śāśnatti- |
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| snih | cl.4 P. () snihyati- (mc. also te-;occurring only in present tense base; grammar also perfect tense sisneha-; future snehitā-, snegdhā-, sneḍhā-; snehiṣyati-, snekṣyati-etc.) , to be adhesive or sticky or glutinous or viscid or moist ; to be fixed upon (locative case) ; to be attached to or fond of, feel affection for (locative case or genitive case) etc. ; cl.1 P. snehati- See Causal : Passive voice snihyate- (Aorist asnehi-) grammar : Causal (or cl.10 P. ) sneh/ayati- (Aorist asiṣṇihat-), to make unctuous or greasy or moist ; to render pliant or subject, subdue ; to kill, slay (varia lectio snehati-): Desiderative sisnehiṣati-, sisnihiṣati-, sisnikṣati- grammar : Intensive seṣṇihyate-, seṣṇegdhi-, seṣṇeḍhi-. |
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| sphūrj | cl.1 P. () sphūrjati- (only in present tense; grammar also perfect tense pusphūrja- future sphūrjitā-etc.) , to rumble, roar, thunder, crash ; to burst forth, be displayed, appear : Causal sphūrj/ayati- (Aorist apusphūrjat-), to crash, crackle : Desiderative pusphūrjiṣati- grammar : Intensive posphūrjyate-, posphūrkti- [ confer, compare Greek .] |
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| spṛ | (varia lectio stṛ-and smṛ-) cl.5 P. () spṛṇ/oti- (in veda- also spṛṇut/e-; perfect tense paspāra- ; Aorist aspar- subjunctive sparat- imperative spṛdhi- ; /aspārṣam- ; future spartā-, spariṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood sp/arase- ; ind.p. spṛtv/ā- ), to release, extricate or deliver from (ablative), save, gain, win : Causal spār/ayati-, to attract to one's self, win ; to preserve, save, rescue ; to gladden, delight, gratify, bestow |
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| spṛh | (connected with spardh-, spṛdh-) cl.10 P. () spṛh/ayati- (mc. also te-; pr. p. spṛhayat-or spṛhayamāṇa-,once in spṛhantī-; perfect tense spṛhayām-āsa-or -babhūva- etc.; Aorist apaspṛhat- infinitive mood spṛhayitum- grammar), to be eager, desire eagerly, long for (dative case genitive case,or accusative) etc. ; to envy, be jealous of (dative case genitive case,or accusative) [ confer, compare Greek ; German springen; English spring.] |
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| śrā | or śrai- (see śrī-) cl.1. or cl.4. P. () śrāyati- (according to to also cl.2 P. śrāti-; perfect tense śaśrau-; Aorist aśrāsīt-; preceding śrāyāt-or śreyāt- infinitive mood śrātum- grammar), to cook, boil, seethe, mature, ripen (only in ; according to to also "to sweat"): Passive voice śrāyate- (Aorist aśrāyi-) grammar : Causal śrap/ayati-, te- (Aorist aśiśrapat-; Passive voice śrapy/ate-), to cause to cook or boil, roast, bake etc. ; to make hot, heat, bake (earthenware) ; to cause to sweat ([for śrāpaya-See ]) : Desiderative śiśrāsati- grammar : Intensive śāśrāyati-, śāśrāti-, śāśreti- |
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| śranth | or śrath- (see ślath-) cl.9 P. () śrathnāti- (Vedic or Veda also śrathnīte-and śṛnthati-,and according to to also śrathati-, śrāthayati-, śranthati-, te-; perfect tense śaśrātha-or śaśrantha- grammar;3. sg. -śaśrathe- ;3. plural śrethuḥ-or śaśranthuḥ- grammar; Aorist aśranthīt-, thiṣṭa- ; future śranthiṣyati- ; infinitive mood śrathitum-or śranthitum- ; ind.p. śrathitvā-or śranthitvā- ; -śrathya- ), to be loosened or untied or unbent, become loose or slack, yield, give way (see ) ; to make slack, disable, disarm ; (A1.) to loosen one's own (bonds etc.) ; varia lectio for grath-, granth-: Causal śrath/ayati-, te- (in saṃhitāpāṭha- also śrathāyati-and according to to grammar also śrāthayati-and śranthayati-[ see below]; Aorist aśiśrathat-[3. sg. subjunctive śiśrathat-and 3. plural imperative śiśrathantu- ]or aśaśranthat-), to loosen, untie, unbend, slacken, relax (A1."to become loose, yield") ; to remit, pardon (sin) ; (śrāthayati-), to strive eagerly, endeavour, use exertion ; to delight, gladden ; (śranthayati-), to bind, tie, connect, arrange ; to hurt, kill |
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| śrath | or śranth- (see ślath-) cl.9 P. () śrathnāti- (Vedic or Veda also śrathnīte-and śṛnthati-,and according to to also śrathati-, śrāthayati-, śranthati-, te-; perfect tense śaśrātha-or śaśrantha- grammar;3. sg. -śaśrathe- ;3. plural śrethuḥ-or śaśranthuḥ- grammar; Aorist aśranthīt-, thiṣṭa- ; future śranthiṣyati- ; infinitive mood śrathitum-or śranthitum- ; ind.p. śrathitvā-or śranthitvā- ; -śrathya- ), to be loosened or untied or unbent, become loose or slack, yield, give way (see ) ; to make slack, disable, disarm ; (A1.) to loosen one's own (bonds etc.) ; varia lectio for grath-, granth-: Causal śrath/ayati-, te- (in saṃhitāpāṭha- also śrathāyati-and according to to grammar also śrāthayati-and śranthayati-[ see below]; Aorist aśiśrathat-[3. sg. subjunctive śiśrathat-and 3. plural imperative śiśrathantu- ]or aśaśranthat-), to loosen, untie, unbend, slacken, relax (A1."to become loose, yield") ; to remit, pardon (sin) ; (śrāthayati-), to strive eagerly, endeavour, use exertion ; to delight, gladden ; (śranthayati-), to bind, tie, connect, arrange ; to hurt, kill |
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| sriv | or srīv- cl.4 P. () srīvyati- (grammar also perfect tense siśreva-; Aorist asrevīt-; future srevitā-; ind.p. srevitvā-or srūtvā-), to fail, turn out badly ; (with garbham-) to miscarry ; "to go"or"to become dry" : Causal srev/ayati-, to cause to fail, lead astray ; srīvayati-, to frustrate, thwart : Desiderative sisreviṣati-, susrūṣati- grammar : Intensive sesrīvyate- |
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| śru | cl.5 P. () śṛṇ/oti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also A1. śṛṇute-,and in sg. śṛṇv/e-,2. sg. viṣ/e-,3. plural vir/e-[ confer, compare below]; imperative śṛṇu-, ṇudh/ī-and ṇuh/ī- plural śṛṇut/ā-, ṇota-and ṇotana- ; perfect tense śuśr/āva-[once in with pass. sense], śuśruve-[2. sg. śuśrotha-,1. plural śuśruma-,in also mas-; śuśravat-, śuśrūy/ās- , parasmE-pada śuśruv/as- q.v ]; Aorist Ved. /aśravam-, /aśrot-,2. sg. śr/oṣi-; subjunctive śr/avat-, vathaḥ-;[?] śruvam- ; imperative śrudh/ī-, śr/otu- ; aśrauṣīt- etc.; subjunctive śroṣan- imperative śroṣantu- [ confer, compare śr/oṣamāṇa-]; preceding śrūy/āsam- etc.; future śrotā- ; śroṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śrotum- etc.; ind.p. śrutv/ā- etc.; -śr/utya- etc.; śrāvam- etc.) , to hear, listen or attend to anything (accusative), give ear to any one (accusative or genitive case), hear or learn anything about (accusative) or from (ablative genitive case instrumental case, mukhāt-or śakāśāt-), or that anything is (two accusative) etc. ; to hear (from a teacher), study, learn etc. ; to be attentive, be obedient, obey etc.: Passive voice śrūy/ate- (Epic also ti-;and in śṛṇve-etc.[ confer, compare above] with pass. meaning; Aorist aśrāvi-, śrāvi-), to be heard or perceived or learnt about (accusative) or from (genitive case ablative or mukhāt-;in later language often 3. sg. śrūyate- impersonal or used impersonally"it is heard","one hears or learns or reads in a book", ="it is said","it is written in (with locative case)"; imperative śrūyatām-,"let it be heard"="listen!") etc. ; to be celebrated or renowned, be known as, pass for, be called (Nominal verb) ; to be heard or learnt (from a teacher) ; to be taught or stated (in a book) ; to be heard id est pronounced or employed (as a sound or word) : Causal śrāv/ayati- (Epic also te-,in also śrav/ayati-; Aorist aśuśravi-, vuḥ- ; aśuśruvat- ; aśiśravat- grammar; Passive voice śrāvyate-See below) , to cause to be heard or learnt, announce, proclaim, declare etc. ; to cause to hear, inform, instruct, communicate, relate, tell (with accusative of thing, and accusative genitive case,or dative case of Persian,or with instrumental case in sense of "through") etc.: Passive voice of Causal śrāvyate-, to be informed of (accusative) etc.: Desiderative ś/uśrūṣate- (; Epic or mc. also ti-; Passive voice śuśrūṣyate-), to wish or like to hear (accusative), desire to attend or listen to (dative case) etc. ; to attend upon, serve, obey (accusative,rarely genitive case) etc.: Causal of Desiderative śuśrūṣayati-, to wait upon, be at the service of (accusative) on : Desiderative of Causal śiśrāvayiṣati- or śuśrāvayiṣati- grammar : Intensive śośrūyate-, śośravīti-, śośroti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek , equals śrudh/i-, equals śrut/a-etc.; Latin cluo,in-clutus; Slavonic or Slavonian sluti; German laut; English loud.]) |
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| stan | (confer, compare 2. tan-) cl.1 P. () stanati- (once in -stanase-;in sg. stan-and 2. imperative stanihi-; perfect tense tastāna-, tastanuḥ- grammar; Aorist astānīt- ; future stanitā-, niṣyati- grammar), to resound, reverberate, roar, thunder etc. ; to utter inarticulate sounds : Causal stan/ayati- (Aorist atiṣṭanat-) idem or ' cl.1 P. stakati-, to strike against ' (stanayati-,"it thunders") etc. ; crackle (as fire) : Desiderative tistaniṣati- grammar : Intensive taṃstanyate-, taṃstanti- (2. sg. imperative taṃstanīhi-See abhi-ṣṭan-). ([ confer, compare Greek ; Slavonic or Slavonian stenja; Anglo-Saxon stunian; German sto0hnen.]) |
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| śubh | (or 1. śumbh-) cl.1 A1. or cl.6 P. () ś/obhate-, śumbh/ati- or ś/umbhati- (Epic also śobhati-,and Vedic or Veda ś/umbhate-;3. sg. ś/obhe- ; perfect tense śuśobha-, śuśubhe- etc.; śuśumbha- grammar; Aorist, aśubhat-, aśobhiṣṭa-, aśumbhīt- ; parasmE-pada ś/umbhāna-, śubhān/a- ; future śobhitā-or śumbhitā- grammar; śobhiṣyati- ; śumbhiṣyati- grammar; infinitive mood śubh/e-, śobhāse- ; śobhitum- grammar), to beautify, embellish, adorn, beautify one's self. (A1.) look beautiful or handsome, shine, be bright or splendid ; (with iva-or yathā-,"to shine or look like";with na-,"to look bad, have a bad appearance, appear to disadvantage") etc. ; to prepare, make fit or ready, (A1.) prepare one's self. ; (ś/umbhate- according to to some) to flash or flit id est glide rapidly past or along (see śubhān/a-, śumbh/amāna-,and pra-śumbh-) ; (śumbhati-) wrongly for śundhati- (to be connected with śudh-,to purify) ; (śumbhati-) to harm, injure (in this sense rather to be regarded as a second śumbh- see 2. śumbh-, ni-śumbh-): Passive voice Aorist aśobhi-tarām- : Causal śobhayati- (Aorist aśūśubhat-; see śobhita-), to cause to shine beautify, ornament, decorate etc. ; (śubh/ayati-, te-) to ornament, decorate, (A1.) decorate one's self. ; (only pr. p. śubh/ayat-), to fly rapidly along : Desiderative śuśobhiṣate- (according to to grammar also ti-,and śuśubhiṣati-, te-), to wish to prepare or make ready : Intensive śośubhyate- (grammar also śośobdhi-), to shine brightly or in tensely, be very splendid or beautiful |
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| śuc | cl.1 P. () śocati- (Ved. and Epic also te-;once in -śucyati-[ see saṃ-śuc-];and in śocimi-; perfect tense śuśoca-Impv. śuśugdhi- Potential śuśucīta-, parasmE-pada śuśukv/as-and śuśucān/a- Aorist aśucat-[ parasmE-pada śuc/at-and śuc/amāna-] ; aśocīt-[2. sg. śocīḥ-] ; aśociṣṭa- grammar; preceding śucyāsam- ; future śoktā-or śocitā- ; śuciṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood śuc/adhyai- ; śoktum-or śocitum- etc.; ind.p. śocitvā- ; śucitvā- ) to shine, flame, gleam, glow, burn ; to suffer violent heat or pain, be sorrowful or afflicted, grieve, mourn at or for (locative case or accusative with prati-) etc. ; to bewail, lament, regret (accusative) etc. ; to be absorbed in deep meditation ; (cl.4. P. A1. śucyati-, te-) to be bright or pure (see Causal and śuci-) ; to be wet ; to decay, be putrid, stink : Passive voice (only Aorist /aśoci-) to be kindled, burn, flame : Causal śoc/ayati-, te- (parasmE-pada śuc/ayat-[ q.v ] ; Aorist aśūśucat-, śūśucat- ), to set on fire, burn ; to cause to suffer pain, afflict, distress ; to feel pain or sorrow, grieve, mourn ; to lament, regret ; to purify : Passive voice of Causal śocyate- : Desiderative śuśuciṣati- or śuśociṣati- : Intensive śośucyate-, śośokti-, to shine or flame brightly grammar (only ś/ośucan- ; see ś/ośucat-, ś/ośucāna-, śośucyamāna-). |
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| sūd | (prob. connected with svad-) cl.1 A1. () sūdate- (occurring only in the reduplicated forms suṣūdima- ; s/uṣūdati-or dat- ; suṣūd/ata- ; grammar also future sūditā-, diṣyati-), to put or keep in order, guide aright : Causal or cl.10. (see ) sūd/ayati-, te- (parasmE-pada sūdayāna- ; Aorist asūṣudat-, ta-) idem or 'm. equals su-tr- Name of indra- ' ; to manage, arrange, prepare, effect, contrive ; to settle id est put an end to, kill, slay (also inanimate objects) etc. ; to squeeze, press, destroy : Desiderative susūdiṣate- grammar : Intensive sosūdyate-, sosūtti- |
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| śvac | or śvañc- cl.1 A1. ( ,"to go") śvacate-, śvañcate- ; to become open, open (intrans.), receive with open arms (only śaśvac/ai-) : Causal śvañc/ayati-, to open (trans.) (see uc-chvañc-.) |
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| svad | or svād- (prob. fr. 5. su- ad-) cl.1 A1. () sv/adate- (Vedic or Veda also P. sv/adati-; perfect tense sasvade- ; sasvāde- grammar; future svāditā-, svādiṣyate- ; Vedic or Veda infinitive mood -s/ude-; ind.p. -svādya- ), to taste well, be sweet or pleasant to (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to taste with pleasure, relish, enjoy, like (accusative), delight in (locative case) ; (P.) to make palatable, season ; to make sweet or pleasant or agreeable ; to be pleasant or wholesome ; P. A1. svādati-, te- (confer, compare ), to taste, relish, enjoy (generally varia lectio khād- q.v) : Causal svad/ayati-, te- (Aorist asiṣvadat-), to make savoury or palatable, sweeten, season, prepare, cook ; to propitiate, conciliate ; svādayati- (confer, compare ), to eat, relish, taste, enjoy : Desiderative of Causal sisvādayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative sisvādiṣate- : Intensive sāsvādyate-, sāsvātti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin suadeo,and undersvAdu.] |
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| svād | or svad- (prob. fr. 5. su- ad-) cl.1 A1. () sv/adate- (Ved. also P. sv/adati-; perfect tense sasvade- ; sasvāde- grammar; future svāditā-, svādiṣyate- ;Ved. infinitive mood -s/ude-; ind.p. -svādya- ), to taste well, be sweet or pleasant to (dative case or genitive case) etc. ; to taste with pleasure, relish, enjoy, like (accusative), delight in (locative case) ; (P.) to make palatable, season ; to make sweet or pleasant or agreeable ; to be pleasant or wholesome ; P. A1. svādati-, te- (confer, compare ), to taste, relish, enjoy (generally varia lectio khād- q.v) : Causal svad/ayati-, te- (Aorist asiṣvadat-), to make savoury or palatable, sweeten, season, prepare, cook ; to propitiate, conciliate ; svādayati- (confer, compare ), to eat, relish, taste, enjoy : Desiderative of Causal sisvādayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative sisvādiṣate- : Intensive sāsvādyate-, sāsvātti- [ confer, compare Greek ; Latin suadeo,and undersvAdu.] |
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| svap | cl.2 P. () svapiti- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also sv/apati-, te-; imperative sv/aptu- ; Potential svapīta- ; perfect tense suṣvāpa-[3. plural suṣupuḥ-; parasmE-pada suṣupv/as-and suṣupāṇ/a-,qq.vv.] etc.; Aorist asvāpsīt-; preceding supyāt- future svaptā- ; svapiṣyati- ; te- ; svapsyati- etc.; te- etc.; infinitive mood svaptum- etc.; ind.p. suptv/ā- etc., -sv/āpam- ), to sleep, fall asleep (with varṣa-śatam-,"to sleep for a hundred years, sleep the eternal sleep") etc. ; to lie down, recline upon (locative case) etc. ; to be dead ; Passive voice supyate- (Aorist asvāpi-) etc. ; Causal svāp/ayati-, or (mc.) svapayati- (Aorist asūṣupat-;in also siṣvapaḥ-, s/iṣvap-; Passive voice svāpyate-), to cause to sleep, lull to rest ; to kill : Desiderative of Causal suṣvāpayiṣati- grammar : Desiderative suṣupsati-, to wish to sleep : Intensive soṣupyate-, sāsvapīti-, sāsvapti-, soṣupīti-, soṣopti- grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin somnusforsop-nus,sopor,sopire; Slavonic or Slavonian su8pati; Lithuanian sa4pnas; Anglo-Saxon swefan,"to sleep."]) |
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| śvi | (connected with śū-;sometimes written śvā-) cl.1 P. () śv/ayati- (perfect tense śiśvāya-,or śuśāva- grammar; Aorist /aśvat- , aśvayīt- ; preceding śūyāt- grammar; future śvayitā-, śvayiṣyati- ; infinitive mood śv/ayitum- ), to swell, grow, increase etc.: Passive voice śūyate- (Aorist aśvāyi-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- ' : Causal śvāyayati- (Aorist aśiśvayat-[ ]or aśūśavat-) idem or ' wrong reading for śvaśurya- ' grammar : Desiderative of Causal śiśvāyayiṣati- or śuśāvayiṣati- : Desiderative śiśvayiṣati- : Intensive śeśvīyate- (), śośūyate- ; śeśvayīti-, śeśveti-, to swell much. |
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| tam | cl.4. t/āmyati- (;rarely A1. ; perfect tense tatāma- ; Aorist Passive voice atami- ;Ved. infinitive mood t/amitos-,with /ā-preceding,"till exhaustion" ; perfect tense Passive voice parasmE-pada -tānt/a- q.v) to gasp for breath (as one suffocating), choke, be suffocated, faint away, be exhausted, perish, be distressed or disturbed or perplexed (n/a mā tamat-[aor. subj.]"may I not be exhausted") etc. ; to stop (as breath), become immovable or stiff ; to desire (see 2. ma-, mata-) : Causal tam/ayati- (Aorist Passive voice atāmi- ) to suffocate, deprive of breath ; see /a-tameru-. |
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| udvai | P. -v/āyati- (Aorist -avāsīt- ) to become weak or languish, faint, be extinguished, go out (as fire), die : Causal -v/āpayati-, to cause to extinguish or go out |
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| udvep | A1. -vepate-, to tremble, be agitated or frightened : Causal P. -vep/ayati-, to cause to tremble, agitate, frighten |
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| vad | cl.1 P. A1. () v/adati-, te- (Epic mc. also vādati-; Potential udeyam- ; perfect tense uvāda- plural ūdim/a- ; ūde-etc. ; veditha-, dailuḥ-, duḥ- ; Aorist avādīt-, diṣuḥ- etc.; subjunctive vādiṣaḥ- ; avādiran- ; vadiṣma-, ṣihāḥ- ; preceding udyāt- ; future vadiṣy/ati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood v/aditos- ; vaditum- etc.; ind.p. uditvā- ; -udya- ), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P.or A1.;with accusative of the thing said, and accusative [with or without abhi-]or genitive case,or locative case of the person addressed;also followed by yad-,"that", or by yadi-,"whether") etc. ; (P.) to praise, recommend ; to adjudge, adjudicate ; to indicate, designate ; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak etc. ; to allege, affirm ; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two accusative or accusative and Nominal verb with iti-) etc. ; (with or scilicet vācam-) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and 9.) etc. ; (A1.) to say, tell, speak to (accusative) etc. ; to mention, state, communicate, name ; to confer or dispute about ; to contend, quarrel ; to lay claim to (locative case) ; to be an authority, be eminent in (locative case) ; to triumph, exult : Passive voice udy/ate- (Aorist avādi-), to be said or spoken etc. : Causal vād/ayati- m.c. also te- (see ; Aorist avīvadat-; Passive voice vādyate-, Epic also ti-), to cause to speak or say ; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instrumental case,rarely locative case of the instrument) etc. ; to play music ; (with bahu-) to make much ado about one's self. ; to cause a musical instrument (accusative) to be played by (instrumental case) Va1rtt. 2 ; to speak, recite, rehearse : Desiderative vivadiṣati-, te-, to desire to speak, : Intensive v/āvadīti- ( ), vāvady/ate-, (), vāvatti- (grammar), to speak or sound aloud. [ confer, compare Lit.vadi4nti.] |
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| vai | (originally identical with2. vā-) cl.1 P. () v/āyati-, to become languid or weary or exhausted (śoṣaṇe- ) ; to be deprived of (genitive case) ; P. and (Epic also A1.), to blow |
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| vājaya | (see vaj-) Nom. P. A1. y/ati-, te- (infinitive mood vājay/adhyai-), to race, speed, hasten, run, contend, vie ; to urge on, incite, impel ; P. (vāj/ayati-), to worship ; to fan, kindle (considered as Causal of vā-) |
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| vas | (a Vedic root connected with1. uṣ- q.v;not in ) cl.6 P., ucch/ati- (perfect tense uv/āsa-, ūṣ/uḥ- etc.; Aorist avāt-[?] ; avasran- ; Conditional avatsyat- ;Ved. infinitive mood v/astave-, -/uṣi-), to shine, grow bright (especially applied to the dawn) ; to bestow by shining upon (dative case) ; (with dūr/e-) to drive away by shining : Causal vās/ayati-, to cause to shine [ confer, compare vasar-in vasar-han-; Greek for ; Latin ve1retc.] |
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| vas | cl.2 A1. () v/aste- (imperative vasiṣva- ; vaddhvam- ; parasmE-pada v/asāna-,once usān/a-and us/amāna- ; perfect tense vavase- ; vāvase-, parasmE-pada sān/a- ; Aorist avasiṣṭa- ; future vasitā- grammar; vasiṣyate- ; vatsyati- ; infinitive mood vasitum- ; ind.p. vasitvā- ; -vasya- ), to put on, invest, wear, (clothes etc.) , assume (a form etc.) , enter into etc. etc.: Causal vās/ayati-, te- (Passive voice vāsyate-), to cause or allow to put on or wear (clothes) , clothe (A1."one's self") with (instrumental case) : Desiderative vivasiṣate- grammar : Intensive vāvasyate-, vāvasti- [ confer, compare Greek for ; Latin vestis; Gothic wasjan; Anglo-Saxon werian; English wear.] |
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| vas | cl.1 P. () v/asati- (mc. also te-; perfect tense uvāsa-, ūṣuḥ- etc.; parasmE-pada vāvasāna- ; -vāsāṃ cakre- ; Aorist avātsīt- ; avāksam- [where it is artificially connected with vāc-]; avāstam- ; future vastā- grammar; vatsyati-, te- etc.; vasiṣyati- ; infinitive mood vastum-, vasitum- etc.; ind.p. uṣitv/ā- ; uṣṭvā- ; -/uṣya- etc.), to dwell, live, stop (at a place), stay (especially "overnight" , with or without rātrim-or rātrīs-) etc. ; to remain, abide with or in (with locative case of Persian; locative case or accusative of place, especially with vāsam-or vasatim-) etc. ; to remain or keep on or continue in any condition (with a pp., exempli gratia, 'for example' with channa-,"to continue to be covered" ;or with an accusative,with brahmacaryam-,"to practise chastity" ;or with an adverb exempli gratia, 'for example' with sukham-,"to live pleasantly or at ease";with or without dūratas-,"to keep aloof") etc. ; to have sexual intercourse with (locative case) ; to rest upon (locative case) ; to charge or entrust with (instrumental case) ; cl.10 P. vasayati-, to dwell : Passive voice uṣyate- (Aorist avāsi-), to be dwelt etc. etc.: Causal vās/ayati-, te- (confer, compare ; Aorist avīvasat- : Passive voice vāsy/ate- , ti- ), to cause to halt or stay (overnight), lodge, receive hospitably or as a guest etc. ; to cause to have sexual intercourse with (locative case) ; to let anything stand overnight (with tisro-, scilicet ratrīs-,"three nights") ; to cause to wait, keep in suspense ; to delay, retard ; to cause to exist, preserve ; to cause to be inhabited, populate (a country) ; to put in, place upon (locative case) (anadhyāyam mukhe-,to put restraint on the mouth, refrain from speaking) ; to produce : Desiderative vivatsati-, to wish to dwell : Intensive vāvasyate-, vāvasti-, to remain, be in, be engaged in [ confer, compare Gothic wisan; German wësan,ge-wesen,waretc.; Anglo-Saxon wësan; English was,were.] |
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| ve | (see ūy-) cl.1 P. A1. () v/ayati-, te- (perfect tense parasmE-pada vavau-or uvāya-;2. sg. uvayitha- grammar;3. plural vavuḥ- ; ūvuḥ- ; ūyuḥ- ; A1. vave-, ūve-, ūye- grammar; Aorist avāsīt-, avāsta- grammar; preceding ūyāt-, vāsīṣṭa- ; future vātā- ; vāsyati-, te- ; vayiṣy/ati- ; infinitive mood /otum-, /otave-, /otav/ai- ; v/ātave- ), to weave, interweave, braid, plait (figuratively to string or join together artificially, make, compose exempli gratia, 'for example' speeches, hymns) etc. ; to make into a cover, into a web or web-like covering, overspread as with a web (said of a cloud-like mass of arrows filling the air) : Passive voice ūyate- (Aorist avāyi-) grammar : Causal vāyayati- : Desiderative vivāsati-, te- : Intensive vāvāyate-, vāveti-, vāvāti- |
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| veṣṭ | (see viṣṭ-) cl.1 A1. () veṣṭate- (perfect tense viveṣṭe- future veṣṭitā-etc. grammar), to wind or twist round ; to adhere or cling to (locative case) ; to cast the skin (said of a snake) ; to dress : Causal veṣṭ/ayati-, te- (Aorist aviveṣṭat-,or avaveṣṭat-; Passive voice veṣṭyate-), to wrap up, envelop, enclose, surround, cover, invest, beset etc. ; to tie on, wrap round (a turban etc.) ; to cause to shrink up : Desiderative viveṣṭiṣate- grammar : Intensive veveṣṭyate-, veveṣṭi- |
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| vich | cl.10 P. () vicchayati-, to speak or to shine ; vicchāy/ati- (; see ), to go (with ny-ā-,to press or rub one's self against): Causal vicchāy/ayati-, to press, bring into straits (perhaps ) . |
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| vīḍ | (according to to some connected with viṣ-), only Causal vīḍ/ayati-, or vīḷayati-, te-, (P.) to make strong or firm, strengthen, fasten ; (A1.) to be strong or firm or hard |
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| vip | (or vep-) cl.1 A1. () vepate- (Epic also ti-; parasmE-pada vipān/a- ; perfect tense vivepe- grammar; vivipre- ; Aorist avepiṣṭa- ; future vepitā-, vepiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood vepitum- ), to tremble, shake, shiver, vibrate, quiver, be stirred etc. ; to start back through fear : Causal vip/ayati- or vepayati- (Aorist avīvipat-), to cause to tremble or move, shake, agitate [ confer, compare Latin vibrare; Gothic weipan; German wi7fen,weifen,Wipfel English whiffle.] |
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| viś | cl.6 P. () viś/ati- (rarely, in later language mostly mc. also A1. viśate-; perfect tense viv/eśa-, viviśe- etc.[ viveśitha-, viveśuḥ- ; viviśyās- ; parasmE-pada -viśiv/as- ; viviśivas-or viviśvas- ; aviveśīs- ]; Aorist /aviśran-, /avikṣmahi-, veśīt- ; avikṣat- etc.; avikṣata- grammar; preceding viśyāt- ; future veṣṭā- ; vekṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood veṣṭum- etc.; veṣṭavai- ; viśam- ; ind.p. -viśya- etc.) , to enter, enter in or settle down on, go into (accusative locative case,or antar-with genitive case), pervade etc. etc. (with punar-or bhūyas-,to re-enter, return, come back) ; to be absorbed into (accusative) ; (in astronomy) to come into conjunction with (accusative) ; (with agnim-, jvalanam-etc.) to enter the fire id est ascend the funeral pyre etc. ; (with apas-) to sink or be immersed in the water ; to enter (a house etc.) ; to appear (on the stage) ; to go home or to rest ; to sit down upon (accusative or locative case) ; to resort or betake one's self to (agratas-, agre-,or accusative) ; to flow into (and, join with,; applied to rivers and armies) ; to flow or redound to, fall to the share of (accusative) etc. ; to occur to (as a thought, with accusative) ; to befall, come to (as death, with accusative) ; to belong to, exist for (locative case) ; to fall or get into any state or condition (accusative) ; to enter upon, undertake, begin ; to mind (any business), attend to (dative case) : Causal veś/ayati-, te- (Aorist avīviśat-; Passive voice veśyate-), to cause to enter into (accusative) ; to cause to sit down on (locative case) : Desiderative vivikṣati-, to wish to enter (accusative) ; (with agnim-or vahnim-) to wish to enter the fire id est to ascend the funeral pyre : Intensive veviśyate-, veveṣṭi-, grammar ([ confer, compare Greek ; Latin vicus; Lithuanian ve0sze8ti; Slavonic or Slavonian vi8si8; Gothic weihs; Anglo-Saxon wi7c; Germ,wi7ch,Weich-bild.]) |
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| vṛ | cl.5.9.1. P. A1. () vṛṇ/oti-, vṛṇut/e- ; vṛnāti-, vriṇīte- ; v/arati-, v/arate- (mostly cl.5. and with the preposition apa-or vi-;of cl.9. only avṛṇīdhvam- ; cl.1. only in [ confer, compare also ūrṇu-]; perfect tense vav/āra-, vavr/e- etc. etc. [2. sg. vav/artha- ; vavaritha-, vavṛma-etc. grammar; parasmE-pada vavriv/as- genitive case vavavr/uṣas- ]; Aorist /avar-or /āvar-, avṛta- [1. sg. vam-,2. dual number vartam-,3. plural avran-, parasmE-pada A1. vrāṇ/a- q.v imperative vṛdhi- ]; avārīt- ; avarīṣṭa- grammar; subjunctive varṣathas- ; Potential vriyāt-, vūryāt-, variṣīṣṭa- grammar; future varītā-, varīṣyati- ; infinitive mood vartum- , varitum- , varītum- ; ind.p. vṛtv/ā- ; vṛlv/ī- ; vṛtv/āya- ; -v/ṛtya- ), to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct etc. ; to close (a door) ; to ward off, check, keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain : Passive voice vriyate- (Aorist /avāri-), to be covered or surrounded or obstructed or hindered : Causal vār/ayati-, te- (Aorist avīvarat-, /avīvarata- ; /avāvarīt- ; Passive voice vāryate- etc.) , to cover, conceal, hide, keep back, hold captive etc. ; to stop, check, restrain, suppress, hinder, prevent from (ablative or infinitive mood;rarely two accusative) etc. ; to exclude ; to prohibit, forbid ; to withhold etc.: Desiderative of Causal vivārayiṣate- : Desiderative vivarīṣati-, vuvūrṣati-, te- grammar : Intensive vevrīyate-, vovūryate-, varvarti- [ confer, compare Gothic warjan; German wehren,Wehr; English weir.] |
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| vrataya | Nom. P. vrat/ayati-, to drink the (hot) vrata--milk (also with payas-etc.) ; to eat or drink after a fast , (wrong reading avrajayat-) ; to observe a vow ; to fast or practise any abstinence in consequence of a vow ; to avoid certain kinds of food (as śūdra- food) ; to eat together |
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| vṛdh | cl.1 A1. () v/ardhate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also ti-; perfect tense vav/ardha-, vavṛdhe- etc. etc. [Ved. also vāvṛ-; vavṛdhāti-, dhīt/ās-, dh/asva- ; vāvṛdh/ete- ; parasmE-pada vāvṛdh/at- ; Aorist Ved. avṛdhat-, vṛdhātas-, dhātu-; parasmE-pada vṛdh/at-, dhān/a-]; avardhiṣṭa- etc.; preceding vardhiṣīm/ahi- ; future vardhitā- grammar; vartsyati- ; vardhiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood Ved. vṛdhe-["for increase","to make glad"], vṛdh/ase-, vāvṛdh/adhyai-; Classical vardhitum-; ind.p. vṛddhvā-,or vardhitvā- grammar;in vṛdh-is sometimes confounded with1. vṛt-), trans. P., to increase, augment, strengthen, cause to prosper or thrive ; to elevate, exalt, gladden, cheer, exhilarate (especially the gods, with praise or sacrifice) ; (intrans. A1.; in Vedic or Veda P.in perfect tense and Aorist; in Class. P.in Aorist future and Conditional; also P. mc. in other forms) , to grow, grow up, increase, be filled or extended, become longer or stronger, thrive, prosper, succeed etc. ; to rise, ascend (as the scale in ordeals) ; to be exalted or elevated, feel animated or inspired or excited by (instrumental case locative case genitive case) or in regard to (dative case), become joyful, have cause for congratulation (vṛdhaḥ-, dhat-in sacrificial formulas ="mayest thou or may he prosper";in later language often with diṣṭyā-) etc. etc.: Causal vardh/ayati-, te- (in later language also vardhāpayati-; Aorist Ved. avīvṛdhat-, dhata-), to cause to increase or grow, augment, increase, make larger or longer, heighten, strengthen, further, promote (A1."for one's self") etc. ; to rear, cherish, foster, bring up ; to elevate, raise to power, cause to prosper or thrive etc. ; to exalt, magnify, glorify (especially the gods), make joyful, gladden (A1.in Vedic or Veda also = to rejoice, be joyful, take delight in [instr.], enjoy etc.;with. or scilicet diṣṭyā-) to congratulate ; (cl.10. according to to ) "to speak" or "to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-): Desiderative of Causal See vivardhayiṣu-: Desiderative vivardhiṣate- or vivṛtsati- grammar : Intensive varivṛdhyate-, varivṛdhīti- |
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| vṛj | cl.1.7. P. () varjati-, vṛṇ/akti- ; cl.2 A1. () vṛkte- (Vedic or Veda and also v/arjate-and vṛṅkt/e-; imperative vṛṅktām-[ varia lectio vṛktām-] ; vṛṅgdhvam- ; perfect tense vavarja-, vavṛje-[ grammar also vavṛñje- vāvṛje-; vavṛjy/uḥ-, vavṛktam- parasmE-pada f. -varj/uṣī-]; Aorist avṛk- ; vark-[2. 3. sg. ], varktam-, avṛjan- Potential vṛjyām- ; /avṛkta- ; avṛkṣam-, ṣi- ; avārkṣīs- ; avarjīt-, avajiṣṭa- grammar; future varjitā- ; varjiṣyati- ; varkṣyati-, te- ; infinitive mood v/ṛje-, vṛñj/ase-, vṛj/adhyai- ; vajitum-or vṛñjitum- grammar; ind.p. vṛktv/ī- ; -v/ṛjya-, -vargam- etc.) , to bend, turn ; to twist off, pull up, pluck, gather (especially sacrificial grass) ; to wring off or break a person's (accusative) neck ; to avert, remove ; (A1.) to keep anything from (ablative or genitive case), divert, withhold, exclude, abalienate ; (A1.) to choose for one's self, select, appropriate : Passive voice vṛjy/ate-, to be bent or turned or twisted etc.: Causal varjayati- (; mc. also te-; Potential varjayīta- ; Aorist avavarjat-), to remove, avoid, shun, relinquish, abandon, give up, renounce etc. ; to spare, let live ; to exclude, omit, exempt, except (yitvā-with accusative = excepting, with the exception of) etc.: Passive voice of Causal varjyate-, to be deprived of. lose (instrumental case) (see varjita-): Desiderative vivṛkṣ/ate- (), vivarjiṣati-, te- (grammar), to wish to bend or turn etc.: Intensive varīvṛjyate-, varvarkti- (grammar; parasmE-pada v/arīvṛjat- ), to turn aside, divert: Causal of Intensive varīvarj/ayati- (p.f. yantī-), to turn hither and thither (the ears) |
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| vṛṣ | cl.1 P. () v/arṣati- (Epic also A1. varṣate-and Vedic or Veda vṛṣate-; perfect tense vavarṣa-, vavṛṣe- etc.;3. plural P. Epic vavṛṣus-,or vavarṣus-; parasmE-pada P. vavarṣv/as- ; A1. vāvṛṣāṇ/a- ; imperative vāvṛṣasva- ; Aorist /avarṣīt- etc.; future vraṣṭ/ā- ; varṣitā- grammar; varṣiṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood varṣitum- etc.; varṣṭos- ; ind.p. vṛṣṭvā- ; ṭv/ī- ; varṣitvā- grammar), to rain (either impersonal or used impersonally,or with parjanya-, indra-, the clouds etc., in Nominal verb) etc. ; to rain down, shower down, pour forth, effuse, shed (A1.="to bestow or distribute abundantly";also with instrumental case ="to rain upon, or overwhelm with" exempli gratia, 'for example' with arrows; v/arṣati-,"while it rains, during rain") ; to strike, hurt, vex, harass : Causal varṣ/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛṣat-or avavarṣat-), to cause to rain (parjanya- etc.) or to fall down as rain (flowers etc.) ; (without accusative) to cause or produce rain ; to rain upon (= overwhelm) with (a shower of arrows instrumental case) ; A1. to have manly power, have generative vigour : Desiderative vivarṣiṣati- grammar (see vivarṣiṣu-): Intensive varīvṛṣyate-, varīvarṣṭi- etc. [For cognates-See under varṣā-and 1. vṛṣa-.] |
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| vṛt | cl.1 A1. () v/artate- (rarely ti-;in veda- also vavartti-and [once in ] vartti-; subjunctive vav/artat-, vavartati-, vavṛtat-; Potential vavṛtyāt-, vavṛtīya-; imperative vavṛtsva-; imperfect tense /avavṛtran-, tranta-; perfect tense vav/arta-, vavṛt/us-, vavṛt/e- [here also vāvṛt/e-]etc.; Aorist avart-, avṛtran- subjunctive v/artat-, vartta- ; avṛtat- etc.; avartiṣṭa- grammar;3. plural avṛtsata- ;2. sg. vartithās- ; preceding vartiṣīṣṭa- grammar; future vartitā- grammar; vartsy/ati-, te- etc.; vartiṣyati-, te- etc.; Conditional avartsyat- ; avartiṣyata- grammar; infinitive mood -v/ṛte- ; -v/ṛtas- ; vartitum- etc.; ind.p. vartitvā-and vṛttvā- grammar; -v/ṛtya- etc.; -v/artam- etc.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) etc. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instrumental case"in a particular way or manner"), take place, occur, be performed, come off etc. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na-,"to be not in one's right mind";with manasi-or hṛdaye-,"to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind";with mūrdhni-,"to be at the head of","to be of most importance"; kathaṃ vartate-with Nominal verb or kiṃ vartate-with genitive case,"how is it with?") ; to live on, subsist by (instrumental case or ind.p.), etc. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām-,"it is long since we went") ; to depend on (locative case) ; to be in a particular condition, be engaged in or occupied with (locative case), etc. ; to be intent on, attend to (dative case) ; to stand or be used in the sense of (locative case) ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (locative case dative case,or accusative;also with itaretaram-or parasparam-,"mutually") etc. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim-), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instrumental case or accusative) towards (locative case with parājñayā-,"to act under another's command";with prajā-rūpeṇa-,"to assume the form of a son";with priy/am-,"to act kindly";with svāni-,"to mind one's own business"; kim idam vartase-,"what are you doing there?") etc. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dative case) ; to be or exist or live at a particular time, be alive or present (confer, compare vartamāna-, vartiṣyamāṇa-,and vartsyat-,p.925) etc. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante-,"they continue to excel"; iti vartate me buddhiḥ-,"such continues my opinion") etc. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes ; to originate, arise from (ablative) or in (locative case) ; to become ; to associate with (saha-) ; to have illicit intercourse with (locative case) : Causal vart/ayati- (Aorist avīvṛtat-or avavartat-;in also A1. avavarti-; infinitive mood vartay/adhyai- ; Passive voice vartyate- ), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl etc. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill etc.) ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) etc. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instrumental case), enter upon a course of conduct etc. (also with vṛttim-or vṛttyā-or vṛttena-;with bhaikṣeṇa-,"to live by begging"), conduct one's self, behave etc. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare ; to begin to instruct (dative case) ; to understand, know, learn ; to treat ; (in law, with śiras-or śīrṣam-) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal ; "to speak"or"to shine" (bhāṣārthe-or bhāsārthe-) : Desiderative v/ivṛtsati-, te- ( ), vivartiṣate- () , to wish to turn etc.: Intensive (Vedic or Veda , rarely in later language) v/arvartti-, varīvartti-, varīvarty/ate-, varīvartate-, parasmE-pada v/arvṛtat- and v/arvṛtāna- imperfect tense 3. sg. avarīvar-, 3. plural avarīvur- (grammar also varivartti-, varīvṛtīti-, varvṛtīti-, varīvṛtyate-), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail [ confer, compare Latin vertere; Slavonic or Slavonian vru8te8ti,vratiti; Lithuanian varty4ti; Gothic wai4rthan; German werden; English -ward.] |
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| vyath | cl.1 A1. () vy/athate- (Epic also ti-; perfect tense vivyathe-,3. plural thuḥ- ; Aorist vyathiṣi- ; subjunctive vyathiṣat- ; future vyathitā-, thiṣyate- grammar; infinitive mood vyathitum- , Vedic or Veda infinitive mood vyathiṣyai-), to tremble, waver, go astray, come to naught, fail etc. etc. (with ablative = to be deprived of lose;with caritra-tas-,to abandon the path of virtue) ; to fall (on the ground) ("to be dried up") ; to cease, become ineffective (as poison) ; to be agitated or disturbed in mind, be restless or sorrowful or unhappy etc. ; to be afraid of (genitive case) Causal vyath/ayati- (Aorist vivyathas- ; vyathayīs- ), to cause to tremble or fall etc. ; to cause to swerve from (ablative) ; to disquiet, frighten, agitate, pain, afflict etc.: Passive voice of Causal vyathyate-, to be set in restless motion : Desiderative vivyathiṣate- grammar : Intensive vāvyathyate-, vāvyatti- |
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| vye | cl.1 P. A1. () vy/ayati-, te- (perfect tense P. vivyāya-,2. sg. vivyayitha- grammar;2. dual number vivyathus- ; A1. vivy/e- -vyay/āṃ cakāra- ; Aorist avyat-, avyata- ; avyāsīt-, avyāsta- grammar; preceding vīyāt-, vyāsīṣṭa- ; future vyātā- ; vyāsyati-, te- ; vyayiṣye- ; ind.p. -v/īya- etc.; -vāya- grammar), to cover, clothe, wrap, envelop (A1. also,"one's self") : Pass. vīy/ate- (pr. p. vīy/amāna-), to be covered etc. : Causal vyāyayati- grammar : Desiderative vivyāsati-, te- ; Intensive vevīyate-, vāvyeti-, vāvyāti- |
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| yā | (collateral form of5. i-) cl.2 P. () y/āti- (1. plural yāmahe- ; imperfect tense 3. plural ayuḥ- ; ayān- Scholiast or Commentator; perfect tense yay/au-, yay/ātha-, yay/a-, yay/uḥ- etc.; yaye- ; Aorist ayāsam-or ayāsiṣam-; subjunctive y/āsat-, yeṣam-, yāsiṣat- ; preceding yāsiṣīṣṭhās- ; future yātā- etc.; yāsyati- ; te- ; infinitive mood yātum- etc.;Ved. infinitive mood y/ai-, y/ātave-or v/ai-; ind.p. yātv/ā- ; -y/āya-, -yāyam- ), to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey (often with instrumental case or accusative of the way, especially with gatim-, mārgam-, adhvānam-, panthānam-, padavīm-, yātrām-) etc. ; to go away, withdraw, retire etc. ; (also with palāyya-) to flee, escape (with kṣemeṇa-or svasti-,to escape unscathed ) ; to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach etc. etc. (with accusative often followed by prati- exempli gratia, 'for example' with gṛham-,to enter a house;with ripum prati-,to march against the enemy;with mṛgayām-,to go out hunting;with śirasāmahīm-,to bow down to the ground with the head;with prakṛtim-,to return to one's natural state;with karṇau-,to come to the ears, be heard;with utsavād utsavam-,to go from one festival to another;with hastam- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to fall into the hands of;with patham-or gocaram- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound',to come within range of; especially with the accusative of an abstract noun = to go to any state or condition, become, be exempli gratia, 'for example' vināśaṃ yāti-,he goes to destruction id est he is destroyed; kāṭhinyaṃ yāti-,it becomes hard; dveṣyatāṃ yāti-,he becomes hated;similarly nidhanaṃ-yā-,to die; nidrāṃ-yā-,to fall asleep; udayaṃ-yā-,to rise, said of stars etc.;sometimes also with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yāhi rājñah sakāśe-,go into the presence of the king ;or even with dative case exempli gratia, 'for example' yayatuḥ sva-niveśāya-,both went home ; na cātmane kṛpaṇasya dhanaṃ yāti-,nor does the wealth of the miser go to [i.e. benefit] himself. ; phalebhyo yāti-,he goes to [fetch] fruits Scholiast or Commentator) ; to go to for any request, implore, solicit (with two accusative) ; (with striyam-) to go to a woman for sexual intercourse ; to go to for any purpose (infinitive mood) ; often with adverbs exempli gratia, 'for example' with bahir-, to go out ; with adho-, to go down, sink ; with khaṇḍaśo- or dalaśo-, to fall to pieces ; with śata-dhā-, to fall into a hundred pieces ; to extend to (accusative) ; to last for (accusative) ; to pass away, elapse (said of time) etc. ; to vanish, disappear (as wealth) ; to come to pass, prosper, succeed ; to proceed, behave, act ; to find out, discover ; to receive or learn (a science) from (ablative) ; to undertake, undergo (accusative) ; imperative yātu-, be it as it may : Passive voice yāyate-, to be gone or moved : Causal yāp/ayati- (Aorist ayīyapat-), to cause to depart, cause to go or march, dismiss ; to cause to go towards (accusative) (see yāpita-) ; to direct (the gaze) towards (locative case) (varia lectio pātayati-) ; to drive away remove, cure (a disease) ; to cause to pass or elapse, pass or spend (time) etc. ; to live (pāli- yāpeti-) ; to cause to subsist, support, maintain ; to induce : Desiderative yiyāsati-, to intend or be about to go, desire to proceed etc.: Intensive īyāyate- (?) , to move ; yāyayate-, yāyeti-, yāyāti- grammar |
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| yāc | cl.1 P. A1. () y/ācati-, te- (usually A1.in sense of"asking for one's self"; perfect tense yayāca- grammar, yayāce- etc.; Aorist ayācīt-, ciṣṭa- subjunctive yāciṣat-, ṣāmahe- ; preceding yācyāt- grammar; future yācitā- ; yāciṣyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood yācitum- etc.; ind.p. yācitvā-, -y/ācya- etc.), to ask, beg, solicit, entreat, require, implore (with double accusative;or with ablative,rarely genitive case of Persian;the thing asked may also be in accusative with prati-,or in dative case,or in the beginning of a compound with arthe-,or artham-) etc. ; (with p/unar-) to ask anything back ; (with kanyām-) to be a suitor for a girl, to ask a girl in marriage from (ablative,rarely accusative) or for (kṛte-or arthe-;also with vivāhārtham-) etc. ; to offer or tender anything (accusative) to (dative case) ; to promise (?) : Passive voice yācyate-, to be asked ("for", accusative;rarely of things) etc. ; Causal yāc/ayati- (te- ; Aorist ayayācat- ), to cause to ask or woo ; to request anything (accusative) for (arthe-) : Desiderative yiyāciṣate- Va1rtt. 3 : Intensive yāyācyate-, yāyākti- grammar |
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| yaj | cl.1 P. A1. () y/ajati-, te- (1. sg. yajase- ; Vedic or Veda imperative y/akṣi-or ṣva-; perfect tense iyāja- ; īj/e- ; yej/e-[?] confer, compare on ; Vedic or Veda Aorist ayākṣīt-or ayāṭ-; ayaṣṭa-; subjunctive yakṣat-, yakṣati-, te-;3. sg. ayakṣata- ; preceding ijyāt- ; yakṣīya- ; future yaṣṭā- ; yakṣyati-, y/ate- etc.; infinitive mood y/aṣṭum-, ījitum- ; Vedic or Veda ṭave-; y/ajadhyai-or yaj/adhyai-; past participle iṣṭa- ind.p. iṣṭv/ā- ; iṣṭvīnam- ; -ijya- grammar; y/ājam- ), to worship, adore, honour (especially with sacrifice or oblations) ; to consecrate, hallow, offer (with accusative,rarely dative case locative case or prati-,of the deity or person to whom; dative case of the person for whom, or the thing for which;and instrumental case of the means by which the sacrifice is performed;in older language generally P.of agni- or any other mediator, and A1.of one who makes an offering on his own account confer, compare y/aja-māna-;later properly P.when used with reference to the officiating priest, and A1.when referring to the institutor of the sacrifice) etc. ; to offer id est to present, grant, yield, bestow ; (A1.) to sacrifice with a view to (accusative) ; to invite to sacrifice by the yājyā- verses : Passive voice ijyate- (parasmE-pada Vedic or Veda ijyamāna-or yajyamāna- on ; Epic also pr. p. ijyat-), to be sacrificed or worshipped etc.: Causal yāj/ayati- (Epic also te-; Aorist ayīyajat-), to assist any one (accusative) as a priest at a sacrifice (instrumental case) ; to cause any one (accusative) to sacrifice anything (accusative) or by means of any one (instrumental case) : Desiderative y/iyakṣati-, te- (confer, compare /iyakṣati-), to desire to sacrifice or worship : Intensive yāyajyate-, yāyajīti-, yāyaṣṭi- [ confer, compare Zend yaz; Greek ,.] |
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| yat | cl.1 A1. (prob. connected with yam-and originally meaning,"to stretch") y/atate- (Vedic or Veda and Epic also P. ti-; parasmE-pada y/atamāna-, y/atāna-and yatān/a- ; perfect tense yete-,3. plural yetire- etc.; Aorist ayatiṣṭa- ; future yatiṣyate- , ti- ; infinitive mood yatitum- ; ind.p. -y/atya- ), (P.) to place in order, marshal, join, connect ; (P.or A1.) to keep pace, be in line, rival or vie with (instrumental case) ; (A1.) to join (instrumental case), associate with (instrumental case), march or fly together or in line ; to conform or comply with (instrumental case) ; to meet, encounter (in battle) ; to seek to join one's self with, make for, tend towards (locative case) ; to endeavour to reach, strive after, be eager or anxious for (with locative case dative case accusative with or without prati-,once with genitive case;also with arthe-, arthāya-, artham-and hetos- in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound';or with infinitive mood) etc. ; to exert one's self, take pains, endeavour, make effort, persevere, be cautious or watchful ; to be prepared for (accusative) : Causal (or cl.10. ) yāt/ayati- (or te-; Aorist ayīyatat-; Passive voice yātyate-), to join, unite (A1.intrans.) ; to join or attach to (locative case) P. ; to cause to fight ; to strive to obtain anything (accusative) from (ablative) ; (rarely A1.) to requite, return, reward or punish, reprove (as a fault) etc. ; (A1.) to surrender or yield up anything (acc) to (accusative or genitive case) ; (P. A1.) to distress, torture, vex, annoy ; according to to also nikāre- (others nirākāre-or khede-) and upaskāre-: Desiderative yiyatiṣate- grammar : Intensive yāyatyate- and yāyatti- |
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| yu | (see yuch-) cl.3 P. yuy/oti- (imperative 2. sg. yuyodh/i- ; yuyudhi- ;2. dual number yuyotam-or yuyut/am- ;2. plural yuy/ota-or tana- ; A1. subjunctive 2. sg : yuyothās- ; A1. imperfect tense 3. plural ayuvanta- ; Aorist P. yaus-, ayauṣīt-; subjunctive yoṣati-, yoṣat- ; yūṣat- ; yūyāt-, yūyātām- ; yūyot- ; yāvīs- ; A1. yoṣṭhās- ; yavanta- ; Passive voice /ayāvi- ; infinitive mood y/otave-, tav/ai-, tos- ; -yāvam- ), to separate, keep or drive away, ward off (accusative), exclude or protect from (ablative) ; to keep aloof, to be or remain separated from (ablative) : Causal yav/ayati- or yāv/ayati-, to cause to separate or remove or keep off etc. : Intensive yoyavīti- (imperfect tense /ayoyavīt-; parasmE-pada y/oyuvat-), to retreat back, recede ; to be rent, gape asunder ; to keep off from (ablative) |
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| yudh | cl.4 A1. () y/udhyate- (rarely P. ti-; cl.1 P. yodhati- ; imperative y/otsi- ; perfect tense yuy/odha-, yuyudh/e- etc.; Aorist Ved. yodhi-, yodhat-, yodhān/a-; ayodhīt-, yodhiṣat-; yutsmahi-; Epic yotsīs-;Class. ayuddha-; future yoddhā- ; yotsyati-, te- etc.; infinitive mood yudh/e-or yudh/aye- ; yudham- ; yoddhum- ; ind.p. -yuddhvī- ; -yudhya- ), to fight, wage war, oppose or (rarely) overcome in battle ; to fight with (instrumental case,also with saha-, samam-) or for (locative case) or against (accusative) etc. ; (y/udhyati-), to go ; to move, fluctuate (as waves) (confer, compare on ) : Passive voice yudhyate-, to be fought (also impersonal or used impersonally) (varia lectio): Causal yodh/ayati- (; mc. also te-; Aorist ayūyudhat- ; Passive voice yodhyate- ), to cause to fight, lead to war, engage in battle etc. ; to oppose or overcome in war, be a match for (accusative) etc. ; to defend : Desiderative y/uyutsati-, te- (P.in Class. only mc.) , to be desirous or anxious to fight, wish to fight with (instrumental case) etc.: Causal of Desiderative yuyutsayati-, to make desirous of fighting : Intensive yoyudhyate-, yoyoddhi- (confer, compare yavīy/udh-) grammar ([ confer, compare Zend yud; Greek .]) |
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| yup | cl.4 P. (; see yūpa-) yupyati- (only in perfect tense yuy/opa-; grammar also Aorist ayupat-; future yopitā-, yopiṣyati-), to debar, obstruct, disturb, trouble, confuse, efface, remove, destroy ; to be effaced or concealed : Causal yop/ayati- (Aorist ayūyupat-), to efface, obliterate, conceal, remove, destroy : Intensive yoyupy/ate-, to make level, smooth |
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